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[INDEX  SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31, 1897. 


w 


THE 


ATHENAEUM 


JOURNAL 


OF 


LITERATURE,    SCIENCE,    THE    FINE   ARTS,    MUSIC, 

AND    THE    DRAMA. 

JANUARY  TO  JUNE, 

1897. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  BY  JOHN  EDWARD  FRANCIS,  ATHEN^UM  PRESS,  BREAM'S  BUILDINGS,  CHANCERY  LANE. 

PUBLISHED  AT  THE  OFFICE,  BREAM'S  BUILDINGS,  CHANCERY  LANE,  E.C., 

BY  JOHN  C.   FRANCIS. 

SOLD  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  AND  NEWSMEN  IN  TOWN  AND  COUNTRY. 
AGENTS  FOR  SCOTLAND,  MB8SR8.  BELL  &  BRADFUTE  AND  MR.  JOHN  MENZIES,  EDINBURGH. 


MDCCCXCVIl. 


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U 

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[SUPPLEMENT  to  tht  ATBZSMUH  with  No.  3W0,  July  II,  1897 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENiEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31, 1897) 


INDEX     OF     CONTENTS. 

JANUARY    TO    JUNE 
1897. 


LITERATURE. 

Reviews. 

Abrahams's  (I.)  Jewish  Life  in  the  Middle  Age?,  274 

Ackroyd's  (L.  G.)  Homer's  Wine,  &c,  209 

Acts  of  the  Privy  Council,  Vol.  XIII.,  1581-1582-Vol. 

XIV..  1586-1587,  575 
Adcock's  (A.  St.  J.)  Bast- Bod  Idylls,  837 
Alexander's  (Mrs)  A  Golden  Autumn,  145;  Mrs.  Crich- 

ton's  Creditor,  739 
Allen's  (G.)  Historical  Guides :  Paris— Florence,  443 
Almack's  (B.)  Bibliography  of  the  Eikon  Baailike.llO,  186 
Almanach  Hachette,  16 
Amicis's  (E.  de)  La  Lettera  Anonima,  507 
Annual  Charities  Register  and  Digest,  edited  by  Loch,  347 
Annual  Register  for  1896,  713 
Ante-Nicene  Library,  edited  by  Menzies,  505 
Apollonius  of  Perga,  by  Heath,  376 
Aristophanes  :  Plutus,  ed.  Quinn,  212 ;  ed.  James,  838 
Armaille's  (Comtesse  d')  Une  Fiancee  de  Napoleon,  507 
Armstrong's  (A.)  Under  the  Circumstances.  375,  446, 480 
Arnold's  (T.  W.)  The  Preaching  of  Islam,  438 
Ashby-Sterry's  (J.)  A  Tale  of  the  Thames,  45 
Ashton's  (J.)  The  Devil  in  Britain  and  America,  9 
Atkinson's  (C.  M.)  The  Magistrate's  Annual  Practice  for 

1895,  47 ;  for  1897,  311 
Atteridge's  (H.)  Towards  Khartoum,  245 
Axon's  (W.  B.  A.)  Bygone  Sussex,  211 
Ayroles's  (J.  B.  J.)  La  Vraie  Jeanne  d'Arc,  737 

Bacon's  Eseays,  edited  by  West,  839 

Bacon's  (G.  F.)  Dinah  Fleet,  442 

Baden-Powell's  (B.  H.)  Indian  Village  Community,  307 

Baden-Powell's  (Col.  R.  S.  S.)  The  Matabele  Campaign, 

1896,  574 

Badminton  Library  :  Poetry  of  Sport,  by  Peek,  179 
Bagguley's  "  Sutherland  "  Process  for  Bindings,  679 
Baildon's  Select  Cases  in  Chancery,  1364-1471,  575 
Baker's  (J.)  The  Gleaming  Dawn,  44 
Bally's  (S.  B.)  German  Commercial  Correspondence,  180 
Bannister's   (S.)   Contest  over  the    Ratification  of  the 

Federal  Constitution  of  Massachusetts,  676 
Baptist  Handbook  for  1897,  83 
Barere,  Memoirs  of,  translated  by  Payen  Payne,  840 
Bir-Hebraeus's  (Mar  G.  J.)  Laughable  Stories,  translated 

by  Budge,  346 
Baring-Gould's  (S.)  Guavas  the  Tinner,  503 
Barrett's  (F.)  A  Misting  Witness  309 
Barrie's  (J.  M.)  Margaret  Ogilvy,  82 
Baruch,  Apocalypse  of,  translated  by  Charles,  345 
Bazin's  (R.)  De  Toute  son  Arae,  537 
li<  anhari.aiH,  Hortense  de,  by  D'Arjuzon,  541 
Bed-,  edited  by  Plummer,  79,313,  381   744,  809,  841 
Behenna's  (K.)  Sidartha,  112 
Bell's  (Sir  J.)  Glasgow,  its  Municipal  Organization,  &c, 

410 
Belloc's  (Madame)  A  Passing  World,  776 
Benecke's  (E.  F.  M.)  Women  in  Greek  Poetry,  375 
Ben'dst's  (C.)  La  Crise  de  I'Btat  Moderne,  649 
Benson's  (A.  C.)  Lord  Vyet,  and  other  Poems,  307 
Benson's  (E.  F.)  The  Babe,  B.A..  178 
Berard's  (V.)  La  Politique  du  Sultan,  377 ;  La  Turquie  et 

l'Hellenisme  Contemporain,  511 ;  La  Macedoitie,  743 
Bertheroy's  (J.)  La  Double  Joug,  740 
Berwick's  (J.)  The  Secret  of  Saint  Florel,  675 
Besant's  (Sir  W.)  A  Fountain  Sealed,  772 
Bibliography:  Bibliographica,  Parts  VII.  and  VIII ,  15; 

Transactions  of  the  Bibliographical  Society,  Vol.  II. 

Part  II.,  Vol.  III.  Part  I.,  15,  50;  The  Works  of  John 

and  Charles  Wesley,  by  Green — Institut  International 

de  Bibliographic  :  Bulletin — Bibliographiederschwei- 

zerischen  Landeskunde,  ed.  Brandstetter  and  Graf — 

Bibliographic  de  l'Anarchie,  by  Nettlau,  648 
Bickerdyke'8  (J.)  Wild  Sports  in  Ireland,  740;  Daughters 

of  Thespis,  804 
Bigham's  (C.)  A  Ride  through  Western  Asia,  830 
Bire's   (E.)    Diary  of  a  Citizen  of    Paris  during  "the 

Terror,"  translated  by  De  Villiers,  108 
Bjbmson's  (B.)  The  Fisher  Lass,  210,  314 
Blackmore's  (Capt.)  The  British  Mercantile  Marine,  182 
Blailand's  (Rev.  G.  C.)  'Mayflower"   Essays  on  the 

Story  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  677 
Bois's  (J.)  Pnere.  540 
Boldrewood's(R)  My  Run  Home,  803 
Bolland's  (E.  I).  C.)  D.rothy  Lucas,  44 
Booksellers'  Cata'ogues,  48,  213,  312,  377,  478,  776 
Booksellers'  Review,  The,  Nos.  I.  and  II.,  415 
Booih's(C)  Lite  and  Labjur  of  the  People  in  London, 

Vol.  IX,  541  ' 


Boswell,  James,  by  Leask,  277 

Bosweirs  Life  of  Johnson,  edited  by  Birrell,  82 

Bourinot's  (Dr.  J.  G.)  Canada,  613 

Bovet's  (Mile.  M.  A.  de)  Partie  du  Pied  Gau«he,  413 ; 

La  Jeune  Grece,  808 
Bowen,  Lord,  Biographical  Sketch,  by  Cunningham,  16 
Braddon's  (Miss)  Under  Love's  Rule,  536 
Bradsbaw's  (Mrs.  A.  S.)  False  Gods,  675 
Brath's  (S.  de)  The  Foundations  of  Success,  612 
Brett's  (R.I  The  Yoke  of  Empire,  148 
Brewer's  (J.  F.)  The  Speculators,  375 
Brink's  (B.  ten)  History  of  English  Literature,  Vol.  III., 

142 
British  Golf  Links,  edited  by  Hutchinson,  713 
British  Imperial  Calendar,  83 
British  Moralists,  edited  by  Selby-Bigge,  534 
Broughton's  (Rhoda)  Dear  Faustina,  772 
Brown's  (V.)  My  Brother,  113 
Browne's  (T.  B.)  The  Advertiser's  ABC,  182 
Browning's  (H.  E.)  A  Girl's  Wanderings  in  Hungary,  305 
Bruce's(C)  All  in  All,  413 
Bryan's  (W.  J.)  The  First  Battle,  676 
Buch  iii's  (J.)  Musa  Piscatrix,  236 
Buckland's  (A.  W.)  Margiret  Moore,  Spinster,  309 
Bugge's  (S.)  Norges  Indskrifter  med  de  asldre  Runer, 

Part  II.,  775 
Bund's  (J.  W.  W.)  The  Celtic  Church  of  Wales,  800 
Burchett's  (G.)  The  Yoke  of  Steel,  178 
Burden's  Official  Intelligence  for  1897,  615,  653 
Burdett's  (H.  C.)  Hospitals  and  Charities  for  1897,  840 
Burgin's  (G.  B.)  Tomalyn's  Quest,  81 
Burke's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage,  83 
Burke's  (C.)  Flowering  of  the  Almond  Tree,  678 
Burns,    The  Poetry  of,   Centenary    Edition,  edited   by 

Henley  and  Henderson,  Vol.  III.,  304,  378 
Burroughs's  (J.)  A  Year  in  the  Fields,  148 
Burton,  Lady  Isabel,  the  Story  of  her  Life,  by  Wilkins,679 
Burton,  Capt.  Sir  Richard,  True  Life  of,  by  Stisted,  182 
Byers's  (N.  R.)  A  Doubtful  Loss,  146 
Byington's  (Rev.  Dr.)  The  Puritan  in  England  and  New 

England,  676 
Byron,  Lord,  Works  of,  ed.  Henley:  Letters,  1804-1813, 

7,50 

Csesar  :  Gallic  War,  Book  VI.,  ed.  Brown,  212 
Caillard's  Report  on  Ottoman  Public  Debt,  614 
Calendar  of  Close  Rolls.  1327-1330,  276 
Calendar  of  the  Inner  Temple  Records,  edited  by  Inder- 

wick,  Vol.  I.,  10 
Calvert's  (A.  F.)  The  Exploration  of  Australia,  443 
Cameron,  Richard,  Life  of,  by  Herkless,  182 
Cameron's  (Mrs.  L.)  Two  Cousins  and  a  Castle,  146 
Campbell's  (F.)The  Theory  of  National  and  International 

Bibliography,  311 
Campbell's  (Prof.  L.)  Sophocles  in  English  Verse,  213 
Capus's  (G.)  A  travers  la  Bosnie  et  l'Herzegovine,  148 
Carey's  (R.  N.)  The  Mistress  of  Brae  Farm,  442 
Carlyle's  Sartor  Resartus,  edited  by  MacMeehan,  541 ; 

Montaigne  and  other  Essays,  713 
Carman's  (Bliss)  Behind  the  Arras,  408 
Carnarvon's  (Lord)  The  Defence  of  the  Empire,  edited 

by  Sir  G.  Clarke,  277 
Carr's  (Mrs.  C.)  Cottage  Folk,  712 
Cassell's  Guide  to  London,  713 
Cassidy's  (J.)  The  Gift  of  Life,  772 
Catalogues  :  Manuscripts,  &c,  in  the  Grenville  Library 

—  Facsimiles  of  Autographs  in    the   Department  of 

Manuscripts,  British  Museum,  505 ;  I  Codici  Francesi 

della  R.  Biblioteca  Nazionale  di  S.  Marco  in  Venezia, 

by  Ciampoli,  506 
Cathcart's  (G.)  Federal  Defence  of  Australasia,  477 
Catholic  Directory,  The,  16 
Causton's  (J.  F.)  A  Modern  Judas,  375 
Cervantes's  Don  Quixote  of  the  Mancha,  translated  by 

Shelton,  143 
Chambers's  Handbook  for  Eastbourne,  649 
Chambars's  (R.  W.)  The  Maker  of  MoonR,  46 
Channing's  United  States  of  America,  1765-1865,  676 
Chapman's  (A.)  Wild  Norway,  767,  812 
Chaurapanchasika,  The,  tr.  Sir  E.  Arnold,  639,  617 
Chesson's  (W.  H.)  A  Great  Lie,  647 
Chevrillon's  (A.)  Romantic  India,  tr.  Marchant,  443 
Cbolmondeley's  (M.)  A  Devotee.  413 
Christian's  (E.  B.  V.)  Short  History  of  Solicitors,  310 
Christian's  (S.)  A  Pot  of  Honey,  611 
Church's  (R.  W.)  Occasional  Papers,  275 
Clark's  (K.  M'C.)  Maori  Tales  and  Legends,  180,  224 
Clarke's  (Lieut-Col.  Sir  G.)   The  Navy  and  the  Nation, 

212    Imperial  Defence,  679 


Clarke's  (H.  E.)  Poems  and  Sonnets,  540,  715 

Clarke's  (I.)  The  Episode  of  Alethea,  537 

Clergy  Directory,  The,  312 

Clergy  List,  The,  679 

Clifford's  (H.)  In  Court  and  Kampong,  831 

Clowes's  (W.  L.)  The  Naval  Pocket- Book,  149 

Clowes   (W.  L.)  and  others'  The  Royal  Na,vy,  Vol.  I., 

569,651 
Cobban's  (J.  M.)  Wilt  Thou  have  this  Woman!  537 
Coghlan's  Statistical  Account  of  Australasia,  478 
Cohen's  (B.  A.)  The  Law  of  Copyright,  807 
Coignet,  Captain,  Soldier  of  the  Empire,  Narrative  of 

ed.  Larchey,  tr.  Mrs.  Carey,  148 
Coleridge's  (E.  P.)  Res  Romanae,  540 
Collatio  Codicis  Lewisiani  rescripti  Evangeliorum  Sacro- 

rum  Syriacorum,  edited  by  Bonus,  806 
Colmore's  (Mrs.  G.)  Poems  of  Love  and  Life,  209 
Colmore's  (G.)  Love  for  a  Key,  649 
Compleat  Angler,  ed,  by  Lang — ed.  by  Le   Gallienne, 

Parts  I.-IX.— Facsimile  Reprint  of    First    Edition, 

Preface  by  Le  Gallienne,  236 
Conant's  History  of  Modern  Banks  of  Issue,  742 
Condorcet,  La  Marquise  de,  by  Guillois,  837 
Conway  (Sir  W.  M.)  and  others'  The  First  Crossing  of 

Spitsbergen,  799 
Cool's  (Capt.  W.)  With  the  Dutch  in  the  East,  translated 

by  Taylor,  710 
Cooper's  (E.  H.)  Mr.  Blake,  of  Newmarket,  611 
Corradini's  (E.)  Santaraaura,  182 
Correspondance  Diplomatique  du  Comte  Pozzo  di  Borgo 

Vol.  II.,  507 
Cotterell's  (Mies  C.)  An  Impossible  Person,  538 
Coubertin's  Souvenirs  d'Amerique  et  de  Grece,  649 
Couch's  (Miss  L.  Q.)  Man,  113 
Cox's  (H.)  Are  We  Ruined  by  the  Germans]  278 
Cox's  (T.  A.)  Practical  School  Method,  612 
Craik's  (H.)  English  Prose  Selections,  Vol.  V.,  83 
Crane's  (S.)  The  Little  Regiment,  &c,  245;  The  Black 

Riders,  &c,  540  ;  The  Third  Violet,  678 
Crawford's  (F.  M.)  A  Rose  of  Yesterday,  772 
Cresswell's  (H.)  Without  Issue,  804 
Crockett's  (S.  R.)  Lads'  Love,  441 
Croker's  (B.  M.)  Beyond  the  Pale,  503 
Cromer,  Lord,  a  Biography,  by  Traill,  713 
Crommelin's  (May)  Half  round  the  World  for  a  Hus- 
band, 81 ;  Over  the  Andes,  345 
Crooke's  (WJ  The  Popular  Religion  and  Folk-lore  of 

Northern  India,  836 
Cross's  (M.  B.)  Blind  Bats,  207 
Crump's  (A.)  Wide  Asunder  as  the  Poles,  242 
Cullingworth's  (W.)  Life's  Golden  Age,  209 
Curtis's  (E.)  His  Double  Self,  804 
Cuthell's  (E.  B.)  Sweet  Irish  Eyes,  573 
Cyprian,  his  Life,  &c,  by  Benson,  531 
Cyril's  Alethea,  180 

Dale's  (Darley)  Stella's  Story,  13 

Dalziel's  (L.  B.)  The  Story  of  Bell,  81 

Daneon's  (J.  T.)  Our  Commerce  in  War,  &c,  649 

Dante :  Enciclopedia  Dantesca,  by  Scartazzini— Studies 

in   Dante,   by   Moore— Pensieri  sull'   Allegoria    della 

Vita  Nuova,  by  Papqualigo,  242 
Dauze's  (P.)  Index  Biblio-Iconographique,  311 
Davey's  (R.)  The  Sultan  and  his  Subjects,  613 
Davidson's  (G.)  The  Garden  of  Time,  45 
Davidson's  (M.)  The  Annals  of  Toil,  277 
Davis's  (R.  H.)  Soldiers  of  Fortune,  838 
Dawe's  (W.  C.)  Kakemonos,  444;  Captain  Castle,  612 
Dawson's  (A.  J.)    In  the  Bight  of  Benin,   444  ;  Mors 

Sentiment,  538 
Debenham's  (M.  H.)  Holiday  Tasks,  45 
Debrett's  House  of  Commons  and  the  Judicial  Bench  for 

1897, 148 
De  Brosses,  Selections  from  the  Letters  ef,  translated  by 

Lord  Ronald  Gower,  341 
Demosthenes  against  Conon  and  Callicles,  ed.  Swift,  212 
De  Quincey's  Lyrics  in  Prose,  ed.  Johnson,  213 
Devlin's  Municipal  Reform  in  the  United  States,  478 
Dewar's  (O.  A.  B.)  The  Book  of  the  Dry  Fly,  608 
Dickens's  Dictionary  of  the  Thames,  713 
Dickson's  (M.)  The  Saga  of  the  Sea  Swallow,  45 
Dictionaries :    English    and    German     Languages,    by 

Schmidt    and    Tanger— Nuovo    Dizionario    Italiano- 

Tedesco  e  Tede«co-Italiano,  by  Rigutini  and  Bulle,  47; 

Compendious  Svriac  Dictionary,  by  Mis*  J.  P.  Smith, 

346;  Student's  Dictionary  of  Anglo-Saxon, by  Sweet,  610 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  edited  by  Sidney  Lee. 

Vol.  XLV1II.-L..  607 
Dichl's  (A.  M.)  A  Last  Throw,  617 


IV 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


[SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENjEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31,  18*7 

January  to  June  1897 


LITERATURE. 

ReTlawa— eontinurd. 

Dobion'g  (A.)    Eighteenth    Century    Vignette?,   Third 
Series,  8 

Dod's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and   Knightage,  16;  Parlia- 
mentary Companion  for  1897,  148 

Doudney's  (S.)  Pilgrims  of  the  Night,  740 

Douglas"!  (M.)  For  Duty's  Sake,  14 

Dowden's  French  Revolution  and  English  Literature,  679 

Dowling's  (R.)Old  Corcoran'g  Money,  739 

Downe's  (W.)  The  Bloom  of  Faded  Years,  114 

Dowson's  (EJ  Verse-,  210 

Doyle's  (A.  Conan)  Uncle  Bernac,  675 

Draycott's  (A.)  Copyhold  Enfranchisement  with  refer- 
ence to  the  Copyhold  Act,  1894,  838 

Dubois's  (F.)  Timbuctoo  the  Mysterious,  tr.  White,  411 
Duncan's  Rural  Rhymes  and  the  Sheep  Thief,  540 
Du  Toit's  Rhodesia  Past  and  Present,  679 
Eardley-Wilmofs  (Capt.  8.)  The  British  Navy,  840 
Earle's  Colonial  Days  in  Old  New  York,  677 
East  India  Company  :  Letters  received  from  its  Servants 

in  the  East,  Vol.  I.  1602-1613,  340 
Eastlake's  (F.  W.)  Heroic  Japan,  643 
Easton's  (H.  T.)  Banks  and  Banking,  742 
Ecclesiasticus,  Original  Hebrew  of  a  Portion  of,  edited  by 

Cowley  and  Neubauer,  372 
Edwards's  (E.  J.)  The  Story  of  an  African  Crisis,  346 
Egbert's  (Prof.  J.  C.)  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Latin 

Inscriptions,  212 
Egils  Saga  Skallagrimssonar,  ed.  J  6nsson— Translated  by 

Green,  774 
Eldridge'e  (R.  F.)  The  Kestyng  of  Cather  Castle,  611 
Ellis's  (F.  E.)  Sir  Kenneth's  Wanderings.  209 
Ellwood's  (Rev.  T.)  Lakeland  and  Iceland,  413 
Emile-Soldi's  La  Langue  Sacree  :  La  Cosmoglyphie,  278 
Eminent    Persons  :     Biographies    reprinted    from    the 

♦Times,'  1893-4,  Vol.  VI.,  444 
Encyclopaedia  of  Sport,  347 
English  Catalogue  of  Books,  212 
English  Dialect  Dictionary,  Part  II.,  ed.  Wright,  414 
Escott's  Social  Transformations  of  the  Victorian  Age,  708 
Essays  in  Liberalism,  by  Six  Oxford  Men,  414 
Euripides  :  trans.  Way,  506  ;  Troades,  ed.  Tyrrell,  839 
Everard's  Golf  in  Theory  and  Practice,  245 
Everett-Green's  (E.)  Squib  and  his  Friends,  14 
Every  Girl's  Book,  ed.  Mrs.  M.  Whitley,  14 

Farjeon's  (B.  L.)  The  Betrayal  of  John  Fordham,  12 

Fasnacht's  (G.  E.)  French  Lessons  for  Middle  Forms,  839 

Fendall's  (P.)  Out  of  the  Darkness,  375 

Fenn's  (G.  M.)  Cursed  by  a  Fortune,  44 

Fenwick's  History  of  the  Ancient  City  of  Chester,  674 

Feret's  (L'Abbe  P.)  La  Faculte"  de  Theologie  de  Paris : 

Moyen  Age,  645 
Ferguson's  (V.  M.)  Life  Again,  Love  Again,  574 
Fields's  (Mrs.)  Authors  and  Friends,  414 
Fifty-two  Stories  of  Pluck,  &c,  for  Girls,  14 
Fibb  wick's  (H.)  Pleadings  and  Depositions  in  the  Duchy 

Court  of  Lancaster,  Vol.  I.,  575 
Fitz-Gerald's  (G.  B.)  A  Fleeting  Show,  805 
Fitz-Gerald's  (S.  J.  A.)  The  Zankiwauk  and  the  Blether- 
witch,  14, 87 
Fleming's  (Mrs.)  A  Pinchbeck  Goddess,  413 
Fletcher  of  Saltoun,  by  Omond,  677 
Fletcher's  (J.  S.)  Ballads  of  Revolt,  678 
Floran's  (M.)  Adopted,  711 
Florian,  Fables  of,  tr.  Sir  P.  Perring,  539 
Forbes's  (A.)  Cumps,  Quarters,  and  Casual  Places,  574 
Forbeg's  (Mrs.  W.)  Blight,  739 
Foreign  Office  List,  ed.  Sir  E.  Hertslet,  377 
Foreign  Siatasmen  :    Maria  Theresa— Joseph    II.,   by 

Bright,  441 
Forster's  (J.)  From  Grub  to  Butteifly,  504 
Fort's  (P.)  Ballades  Franchises,  507 
Foster's  (A.  J  )  The  Chiltern  Hundreds,  575 
Foster's  (11.)  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of  the 

United  States,  Vol.  I.,  808 
Fothergill's  (C.)  A  Matter  of  Temperament,  412 
France's  (A.)  L'Orme  du  Mail,  178 
Frater's  Philosophy  of  Theism,  Second  Series,  408 
Frazer's  (J.  G.)  Scenes  of  Familiar  Life,  180 
Freeman's  (E.  A.)  Sketches  in  Normandy  and  Maine,  443 
French  Homonyms,  &c,  ed.  De  Larmoyer,  541 
French  Plays  for  Schools,  ed.  Mrs.  Frazer,  541 
French  Prose  Composition  for  Middle  Forms,  by  Dubamel 

and  Minssen,  541 
Frere'g  (W.  II.)  The  Marian  Reaction  in  its  Relation  to 

the  English  Clergy,  306 

Gallon's  (Tom)  Tatterley,  241 

Garden  of  Romance,  chosen  and  edited  by  Rhys,  477 

Gardiner's  (L.)  The  Sound  of  a  Voice,  604 

Garnett'g  (L.  M.  J.)  New  Folk-lore  Researches,  Greek 

Folk-poesy,  ed.  Stuart-Olennie,  778 
Garran's  (R.  R.)  The  Coming  Commonwealth,  507 
Garrett's  The  Story  of  an  African  Crisis,  346 
Gasquefs  (F.  A.)  The  Old  English  Bible,  &c,  833 
Gearey'g  (C )  Two  French  Queens,  &c,  836 
Gebbart's  (£.)  Moines  et  Papes,  476 
Genealogist,  The,  New  Series.  Vol.  XII.,  277 
Geoffroy's  (Q.)  L'Enferme,  83 

Gerard  s  (D.)  Angela's  Lover,  649;  A  Spotless  Reputa- 
tion, 773 


Gerard's  (F.  A.)  Some  Fair  Hit  crnians.  1  1^ 
Gerrare's  A  Bibliography  of  Guns  and  Shooting,  179 
Qibbon,    Edward,    Autobiographies    of,   ed.    Murray — 

l'rivate  Letters  of  (175.1-1794),  ed.  Prothero,  107 
Gibbs's  (II.)  A  Long  Piobalion,  711 
Gissing's  (A.)  The  Scholar  of  Byttate,  241 
Gissing'g  (G.)  The  Whirlpool,  536 
Gladstone,  Rigbt  Hon.  W.  E.  :    The   Political  Life  of, 

ilimtrated    Irom  'Punch,'   679;    Gleanings  of    Pa*t 

Years.  743 
Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries,  edited  by  Phillimore, 

Vol.  VI., 211 
Go'ldard's  (W.)  A  Satirycall  Dialogve,  ed.  Farmer,  835 
Good'oe's  (A.  C.)  College  Girls  311 
Gordon,  Life  of,  by  Boulder,  177 
Gordon's  (J.)  The  Village  and  the  Doctor,  344 
Gough's  (Gen.  Sir  C.)  The  Sikhs  and  the  Sikh  Wars,  801 
Gould's  (Nut)  Town  and  Bush,  276 
Gowing's  (Mrs.  A.)  Gods  of  Gold,  12 
Graham's  (A.)  The  Victorian  Era,  840 
Graham's  (P.  A.)  The  Red  Scaur,  12 
Grant's  (C.)  Stories  of  Naples  and  the  Camona,  244 
Grant's  (Sir  M.  E.)  Notes  from  a  Diary,  239 
Great  Public  Schools,  by  Various  Authors,  78 
Greenstock's  (W.)  Single  Term  Latin  Readers,  212 
Grceuwood's  Library  Year-Book,  1897,  212 
Gregorovius's  (F.)  History  of  the  City  of  Rome  in  the 

Middle  Ages,  translated  by  Hamilton,  Vol.  III.,  500 
Greville's  (Lady  B.)  The  Home  for  Failures,  12 
Grimme's  (H.)  A  Theory  of  the  Hebrew  Accents  and 

Vowel-Signs,  771 
Grimsbaw's  (B.  E.)  Broken  Away,  611 
Guerin's  (C.)  Le  Sane  des  Crepuscules,  540 
Guerre  et  Marine,  346 

Guerres  de  la  Revolution  :  Part  XI.,  Hondechoote,  346 
Guiraud's  Fustel  de  Coulanges,  278 
Gunter's  (A.  C.)  Don  Balasco  of  Key  West,  540 
Gurteen's  The  Epic  of  the  Fall  of  Man,  499 
Gyp's  Joies  d' Amour,  537 

Halcombe's  (C.  J.  H.)  The  Mystic  Flowery  Land,  147 

Hamerton's  (P.  G.)  The  Mount  and  the  City  of  Autun,  648 

Hamilton's  (C.)  Which  is  Absurd,  113 

Hamilton's  (M.)  McLeod  of  the  Camerons,  182 

Hannan's  (C.)  Chin-Chin-Wa,  505 

Hardy's  (T.)  The  Well-Beloved,  471 

Hare's  (A.  J.  C.)  The  Rivieras,  245 

Harper,  Hugo  Daniel,  Memoir  of,  by  Lester,  410 

Harper's  (M.  M'L.)  Rambles  in  Galloway,  211 

Harraden's  (B.)  Hilda  Strafford,  &c,  413 

Harris's  (Mr.  and  Mrs.)  Letters  from  Armenia,  442 

Harris's  (J.  C.)  The  Story  of  Aaron,  46 

Hart's  (Mrs.  E.)  Picturesque  Burma,  673 

Hatton's  (J.)  The  Dagger  and  the  Cross,  611 

Hayes's  (Capt.  H.)  Points  of  the  Horse,  148 

Hennessey's  (J.  D.)  An  Australian  Bush  Track,  276 

Henry's  (T.  J.)  Claude  Garton,  113 

Henty's  (G.  A.)  The  Queen's  Cup,  112 

Herbert's  The  Chronicles  of  a  Virgin  Fortress,  108 

Herfords  (C.  H.)  The  Age  of  Wordsworth,  377 

Heroes  of  the  Nations  :  Robert  the  Bruce,  by  Maxwell,  572 

Heslop's  (O.)  Bibliographical  List  of  Words  illustrative 

of  the  Dialect  of  Northumberland,  413 
Higgin's  (L.)  Cousin  Jem,  574 
Hill's  (J.)  Dinah  Fleet,  442 
Hinde's  (S.  L  )  The  Fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs,  203 
Hodgetts's  (E.  A.  B.)   Round  about  Armenia,  146;   A 

Russian  Wild  Flower,  647 
Holdsworth's  (A.  E.)  Spindles  and  Oars,  574 
Holland's  (E.)  The  Evolution  of  a  Wife,  81 
Hooley's  (E.  T.)  Tairigal,  477 
Hope's  (A.)  Phroso,  343 
Hornung's  (E.  W.)  My  Lord  Duke,  803 
Houghton's  (A.  E.)  Gilbert  Murray,  309 
Housman's  (L.)  Green  Arras,  41 ;  Gods  and  their  Makers, 

614 
How's  History  of  Rome  to  the  Death  of  Caesar,  144 
Howe's  Classified  Directory  to  the  Metropolitan  Charities, 

83 
Howells's  The  Landlord  at  Lion's  Head,  678 
Hume's  (F.)  A  Marriage  Mystery — Tracked  by  a  Tattoo, 

80 
Humphreys's  (A.  L.)  The  Private  Library,  710 
Hungerford's  (Mrs.)  A  Lonely  Girl,  13;  Lovice,  647 
Hunt's  (Dr.  J.)  Religious  Thought  in  England,  182 
Hunt's  (L.)  The  Months,  edited  by  Andrews,  541 
Hunter's  (Sir  R.)  The  Preservation  of  Open  Spaces  and 

of  Footpaths,  208 
Hunter's  (Sir  W.   W.)  The  Thackerays   in   India,  and 

some  Calcutta  Graves,  111,  149 
Hutchinson,  Thomas,  Life  of,  by  Hosmer,  43 

Indermaur's  Manual  of  the  Principles  of  Equity,  47 
Indian  Calendar,  by  Sewell  and  S'aukara  Dushic,  775 
Innes's  (A.  D.)  The  Sikhs  and  the  Sikli  Wars,  801 
Innes's  (General  McLeod)  The  Sepoy  Revolt,  477 
Invasion  Austro-Prussienne,  ed.  Pinsjaud,  808 
Irwin's  (H.  C.)  A  Man  of  Honour,  112 
I-tsing's  A  Record  of  the  Buddhist  Religion,  translated 
by  J.  Takakusu,  142 

Jacobs'*  (W.  W.)  Many  Cargoes,  244 
Jacob-en's  Siren  Voices,  tr.  Robertson,  210,  314 
James's  (A.)  Plutus  of  Aristophanes  up  to  Date,  838 
James's  (H.)  The  Spoils  of  Poynton,  308 
James's  (>V.)  The  Will  to  Believe,  711 


Jebb'l     Mi-.  <<  )  Some  Unconveutonal  People,  213 

Jell's  (E.  A. )  Eileen's  Journey,  45 

Jenkms's  (K.)  I'antala-,  'J75 

J  mine's  (J.  K.)  Sketches  in  Lavender,  840 

Ji  v   iirt's  Introduction  to  the  Hittory  ol  Heligion.  11 

Jewett's  (S.  O.)  The  Country  of  the  Pointed  Fir-,  :;11 

Jitta's  (D.  J.)  La  Codification  du  Droit  Intel  national  de 

la  Failiite,  838 
Jocelyn  s  (Mrs.  R.)  Only  a  Flirt,  739 
Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets,  ed.  Waugh,  82 
Johnson's  (C.)  What  They  Say  in  New  England.  774 
Johnston-Smith's  (F.  J.)  The  Captain  of  the  "Doluhii.."' 

Ac,  540 
Jdkai's  (M.)  The  Green  Book,  tr.  Mrs.  Waugh— 'Mid-t 

the  Wild  Carpathians,  839 
Jollivet's  LeB  Anglais  dans  la  MeJiterrai.ee,  1794-1797  : 

un  Royaume  Anglo-Corse,  377 
Journal  of  Education,  ed.  Storr,  Vol.  XVIII.,  48 
Jowett,  Benjamin,  Life  and  Letters  of,  by  Abbott  and 

Campbell,  437 
Jussetand's  (J.  J.)  The  Romance  of  a  KiDg's  Lif--,  trans- 
lated by  M.  R.,  82,  150 

Keasbey's  (Dr.)  The  Nicaragua  Canal  and  the  Monroe 

Doctrine,  83 
Keiubtley's  (S.  K.)  The  Last  Recruit  of  Clare's,  443 
Kelly's  Handbook  to  the  Titled,  Landel,  and  Official 

Classes  312 
Kelly's  (Mrs.  T.)  A  Leddy  in  her  Ain  Richt,  376 
Kenealy's  (Miss  A.)  Belinda's  Beaux,  712 
Kent's  (J.)  Records  and  Reminiscences  of  Goodwool 

aid  the  Dukes  of  Richmond,  373 
Ker's  (W.  P.)  Epic  and  Romance,  474 
Kernahan's  (C.)  Captain  Shannon,  743 
King's  (Mrs.  R.  M.)  Italian  Highways,  147 
King-ford's  (Dr.)  The  History  of  Canada,  613 
Kingsley's  (M.  H.)  Travels  in  West  Africa,  173,  278 
Knight's  (E.  F.)  Letters  from  the  Sudan,  244 
Knight's  (G.)  The  Windg  of  March,  740 

Lander's  (H.)  Weighed  in  the  Balance,  309 

Lane's  (E.  W.)  Cairo  Fifty  Years  Ago,  edited  by  Stanley 

Lane-Poole,  147 
Lang's  (A.)  Pickle  the  Spv,  141 
Lang's  (Rev.  C.  G.)  The  Young  Clanroy,  376 
Langbridge's  (F.)  The  Dreams  of  Dania,  804 
Langlois's  (C.  V.)  Manuel  de  Bibliographie  Historiqu ■  , 

311 
Larking's  (Col.  C.)  Of  the  Deepest  Dye,  112 
Laurie's  (J.  S.)  The  Story  of  Australia,  244 
Lea's  History  of  Auricular  Confession,  Vol.  III.,  181 
Leach's  (A.  F.)  English  Schools  at  the   Reformation, 

1546-8,  272,  348,  417 
Lean's  Royal  Navy  List,  149,  576 
Le  Breton's  (J.)  Miss  Tudor,  773 
Le  Clerc's  (M.  E  )  Sworn  Allies  504 
Lee's  (Vernon)  Limbo,  and  other  Essays,  802 
Lefroy,  Edward  Cracroft,  Life,  &c,  by  Gill,  677 
Le  Gallienne's  Quest  of  the  Golden  Girl,  843 
Legge's  (A.  E.)  Wind  on  the  Harp-string*,  209 
Leigh's  History  of  Rome  to  Death  of  Caesar,  144 
Lejeune,  Baron,  Memoirs  of,  tr.  Mrs.  Bell,  346 
Lepsius's  Armenia  and  Europe,  ed.  Harris.  182 
Leroy-Beaulieu's   (P.)    Les   Nouvelles    Society    Anglo- 

Saxonnes,  743 
Lilburn's  (A.)  The  Borderer,  113 
Linton's  (Mrs.  L.)  'Twixt  Cup  and  Lip,  244 
Literary  Year-Book,  1897,  ed.  Aflalo,  212 
Little's  (Mrs.  A.)  A  Marriage  in  China.  504 
Lo  Ige's  Peerage  and  Baronetage  for  1897,  114 
Loir's  (M.)  Au  Drapeau  !  346 
Longus's  Dapbnis  and  Chloe,  tr.  Amyot,  538 
Loti's  (Pierre)  Ramuntobo,  476 

Lovenjoul's  La  Veritable  Hietoire  de  '  Elle  et  Lui,'  346 
Low's  Handbook  to  the  Charities  of  London,  576 
Lucan,  The  Pharsalia  of,  tr.  Ridley,  736 
Lyall's  (D.)  The  Land  of  the  Leal,  14 
Lynch's  (H.)  Jinny  Blake,  675 
Lys's  (C.)  The  Dunthorpeg  of  Westleigh,  413 
Lytton's  (Bulwer)  Harold,  the  Last  of  the  Saxon  Kings, 

edited  by  Gomme,  713,  744 

M 'g  Merlin,  81 

McCarthy's  (J.)  A  History  of  our  own  Times  from  18S0 

to  the  Diamond  Jubilee,  735 
McCorquodale's  Railway  Diary  for  1897,  48 
Macdonagh's  (M.)  The  Book  of  Parliament,  34t> 
Macdonald's  (R.  F.)  Practical  School  Method,  612 
Machiavelli,  by  Rigbt  Hon.  J.  Morley,  776 
Mackail's  (J.  W.)  Odysseus  in  Phaeaeia,  506 
Mackny's  The  Bronte*  :  Fact  and  Fiction,  808 
Mackinnon's  (J.)  Braefoot  Sketches,  574 
Maclareti's  (Ian)  Kate  Carnegie,  and  those  Ministers,  14 
Macleod's  (Miss  F.)  Green  Fire,  376 
MacMahon's  (E.)  The  Touchstone  of  Life,  537 
Madden'g  (J.)  The  Wilderness  and  is  Tenant*,  773 
Maeterlinck's  Treasure  of  the  Humble,  tr.  Sutro,  644 
Malay's  (Sir  W.)  The  Fall  of  a  Star,  804 
Maban's  (Uapt.  A.  T.)  Life  of  Nebon,  the  Embodiment 

of  the  Sea  Power  of  Great  Britain,  497 
Mait  and's  (F.  W.)  Domemiay  Bo.ik  and  Beyond,  274 
Maliett's  (J.    R.)    A   Life  s   History,  told   in   Homely 

Verse,  539 
Malot's  (MadHme  H.)  L' Amour  Dominateur,  207 
Marie  Antoinette,  Lettres  de,  edited  by  M.  de  la  Roche- 
ton©  and  Marquis  de  Beaucourt,  837 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31,  1897] 

January  to  June  1897  INDEX    OF    CONTENTS 


Marmery's  (J.  V.)  Wit,  Wisdom,  and  Folly,  48 
Marson's  (C.  L  )  Turnpike  Tales,  244 
Marston's  War,  Famine,  and  our  Food  Supply,  477 
Martin's  (Mrs.  H.)  Gentleman  George,  310 
Mason's  (A.  B.  W.)  The  Philanderers,  803  _     , 

Maspero's  (G.)  Histoire  Ancienne  des  Peuples  de  1  Orient 
Classique— The  Struggle  of  the  Nations,  Eiypt,  Syria, 
and  Assyria,  ed.  Sayce,  tr.  Mrs.  McClure,  535 
Mathers's  (H.)  The  Juggler  and  the  Soul,  44 
Matheson's  (Rev.  G.)  The  Lady  Ecclesia,  541 
Mathews's  (W.)  Nugae  Litterariae,  83 
Maughan's  (  W.  C.)  Annals  of  Garelochside,  211 

Maxwell's  (Sir  H.)  A  History  of  Dumfries  and  Galloway, 
42,  116  ;  Robert  the  Bruce,  572 

Meade's  (L.  T.)  A  Little  Mother  to  the  Others— Merry 
Girls  of  England,  14 

Meaux's  (Vicomte  de)  Montalemberr,  743 

Mendh*m's  (C.  A.)  A  Troth  of  Tears,  835 

Mermeix's  Le  Transvaal  et  La  Chartered,  148 

Merrick's  (L.)  Cynthia,  112;  One  Man's  View,  804 

Meyer's   Konvereations-Lexikon,  Vol.  XIII.,  47;   Vols. 
XIV.  and  XV.,  743 

Meynell's  (A.)  The  Children,  537 

Michael's  (W.)    Englische  Geschichte   im  achtzehnten 
Jahrhundert,  Vol.  I.,  501 

Middleton's  Student's  Companion  to  Latin  Authors,  212 

Miles's  (W.)  Along  the  Medway,  713 

Mill,  J.  S.,  Early  Essays  by,  selected  by  Gibbs,  273 

Miller's  (E.)  The  Sport  of  the  Gods,  178 

Mills's  (E.  J.)  My  Only  Child,  209 

Mills's  (J.  R.)  Student's  Companion  to  Latin  Authors,  212 

Milman's  (H.)  The  Garden  of  Peace,  45 

Milman's  (Miss)  Through  London  Spectacles,  277 

Mimande's  (P.)  Forcats  et  Proscrits,  777 

Miniken's  (B.  M.  M.)  An  English  Wife,  178 

Mitford's  (B.)  The  Sign  of  the  Spider,  81 

Mockridge  s  (Canon)  Bishops  of  the  Church  of  England 
in  Canadi  and  Newfoundland,  613 

Moncreiff's  (Hon.  F.)  The  Provost-Marshal,  180 

Monod's  (Gabriel)  Portraits  et  Souvenirs,  837 

Moore's  (F.  F.)  The  Jessamy  Bride,  536 

Morgan's  (Rev.  J.)  A  Trip  to  Fairyland,  741 

Morrah's  (H.)  The  Faithful  City,  537 

Morris's  (W.)  The  Well  at  the  World's  End,  237 

Moulton's  (Mrs.)  In  Childhood's  Country,  538 

Muddock's  (J.  E.)  Without  Faith  or  Fear,  113 

Miihlbrecht's  (O.)  Die  Biicherliebhaberei  am  Ende  des 
19  Jahrhunderts,  312 

Miiller's  (Mrs.  Max)  Letters  from  Constantinople,  344 

Miiller's  (Right  Hon.  Prof.  F.  Max)  Contributions  to  the 
Science  of  Mythology,  313,  407 

Munby's  (A.  J.)  Ann  Morgan's  Love,  539 

Municipal  Year- Book  of  the  United  Kingdom  for  1897, 
edited  by  Donald,  541 

Munster's  (Countess  of)  Ghostly  Tales,  244 

Murray's  Cyclist's  Road-Book,  649 

Murray's  (D.  C.)  A  Capful  o'  Nails,  309;  A  Rogue's  Con- 
science, 647 

Murray's  (G.)  History  of  Ancient  Greek  Literature,  475 

Nansen's  (Fridtjof)  Farthest  North,  235 
Napoleon  Bonaparte,  Life,  by  Sloane,  Vol.  II.,  346 
Nelson,  The  Life  of,  the  Embodiment  of  the  Sea  Power 

of  Great  Britain,  by  Capt.  Maban,  497 
Nemo's  A  Mere  Pug,  45 
New  Editions,  Reprints,  &c,  16,  48,  83,  114,  148,  182, 

213,  245,  278,  3 1 2,  347,  377,  415, 444,  478,  507,  576,  614, 

649,  679.  713,  776,  840 
Newton-Robinson's  (C.)  Ver  Lyrae,  209 
New  Zealand  Official  Year-Book  for  1896,  478 
Nicholson's  (J.  L.)  After  Long  Waiting,  112 
Nisbet'8  (H.)   I  he  Swampers,  276 
Norris's  (VV.  E.)  Clarissa  Furioea,  374 
Northall's  (G.  F.)  A  Warwickshire  Word-Book,  413 
Notes  on  Political  Economy,  b08 

Observances  of  the  Augustinian  Priory  at  Barnwell' 
Cambridgeshire,  edited  by  Clark,  767,  842 

Official  Year-Book  of  the  Church  of  England,  346 

O'Grady's  (S.)  The  Flight  of  the  Eagle,  533 

Ohnet's  (G.)  Le  Cure"  de  Favieres,  835 

O'Leary's  Recollections  of  Fenians  and  Fenianism,  342 

Oliphant's  (Mrs.)  The  Ways  of  Life,  712 

Oliver  k  Boyd's  Edinburgh  Almanac,  83 

Ollivier's  Marie-Magdeleine :  Recit  de  Jeunesse,  242; 
Louis  Napoleon  et  le  Coup  d'etat,  840 

Orpen's  (Mrs.)  Perfection  City,  540 

Orred's  (Meta)  Glamour,  343 

Oscar's  (A.)  Captain  Kid's  Millions,  742 

Osmaston's  (F.  P.)  Dramatic  Monologues,  540 

Ossian,  The  Poems  of,  tr.  by  Macpherson,  16 

O'Sullivan'g  (V.)  A  Book  of  Bargains,  712 

Ouida's  Le  Selve,  145 ;  The  Massarenes,  536 

Owen's  (Rev.  E.)  Welsh  Folk-lore,  538 

Owen's  (J.  L.)  The  Great  Jekyll  Diamond,  676,  715; 
Piccadilly  Poenv,  741 

Owen's  (M.  A.)  The  Daughter  of  Alouette,  46 

Pacata  Hibernia,  edited  by  O'Grady,  439 

Pain's  (A.)  St  Eva,  5u3 

Paine.  Thoma«,  The  Writings  of— Rights  of  Man,  edited 

by  C.nway,  830 
Paleologue's  (M. )  Sur  leg  Ruines,  207 
Palgrave's  (F.  T.)  Landscape  in  Poetry,  643 
Parish  Registers  of  Dalston,  Cumberland,  ed.  Wilson,  276 


Parker's  (Mrs.  K.  L  )  Australian  Legendary  Tales,  180 
Parkes's  (Sir  H.)  Sonnets,  209;    An  Emigrant's  Home 

Letters,  507 ;  Life  of,  by  Lyne,  576 
Paston's  (G.)  The  Career  of  Candida,  112 
Pater's  (W.)  Essays  from  the  '  Guardian,'  769 
Paterson's  (A.)  For  Freedom's  Sake,  46 
Paton's   (J.)  Glasgow,  its   Municipal  Organization  and 

Administration,  410 
Peard's  (F.  M.)  The  Career  of  Claudia,  503 
Peels  (Sir  R.)  A  Bit  of  a  Fool,  241 
Pegge's  (S.)  Two  Collections  of  Derbicisms,  edited  by 

Skeat  and  Hallam,  413 
Pellatt's  (T.)  The  Witch-Finder,  179,  217 
Pemberton's  (Max)  Christine  of  the  Hills,  503 
Ptnderel's  (R.)  As  a  Roaring  Lion,  574 
Pendleton's  (J.)  The  Ivory  Queen,  476 
Perceval's  (H.)  In  a  Country  Town,  611 
Perris's  (G.  H.)  The  Eastern  Crisis  of  1897,  808 
Petofi,  Memoirs  of.  by  Ferenczi,  832 
Philip  and  Alexander  of  Macedon,  by  Hogartb,  609 
Philips's  (F.  C.)  A  Full  Confession,  740 
Phillips's  (F.  E.)  The  Knight's  Tale,  611 
Phillpotts's  (E.)  Lying  Prophets,  241 
Pbilpofs  (Mrs.  J.  H.)  The  Sacred  Tree,  206,  317,  348 
Pickering's  (S.)  Margot,  413 
Pinnock's  (J.)  Benin,  777 
Pitt  Press  Series:   Alcestis  of  Euripides,  ed.  Hadley — 

Lucani   de   Bello  Ciuili    Liber   VII.,   ed.   Postgate — 

Tacitus,  Histories,  Book  I.,  ed.  Davies,  211 
Platts's  (W.  C.)  The  Tuttlebury  Tales,  244 
Plumer's  An  Irregular  Corps  in  Matabeleland,  776 
Pocock's  (R.)  The  Dragon  Slayer,  46 
Poire's  (E.)  L'Emigration  Franchise,  477 
Political  Pamphlets,  selected  by  Pollard,  679 
Politics  in  1896,  an  Annual,  ed.  Whelan,  212 
Pollock's  (Sir  F.)  A  First  Book  of  Jurisprudence  for 

Students  of  the  Common  Law,  838 
Pontoppidan's  The  Promised  Land,  tr.  Mrs.  Lucas,  210 
Post's  (W.  K.)  Harvard  Stories,  743 
Praed's  (Mrs.  C.)  Nulma,  675 

Pratt's  (E.)  Pioneer  Women  in  Victoria's  Reign,  679 
Prevost's  (F.)  False  Dawn,  804 
Prevost's  (M.)  Dernieres  Lettres  de  Femmes,  838 
Prior's  (J.)  Ripple  and  Flood,  739 
Pryce's  (R.)  Elementary  Jane,  573 
Public  Schools  Year-Book,  212 
Pugh's  (E.)  The  Man  of  Straw,  344 
Putnam's  (Miss  I.)  Songs  without  Answer,  741 

Quinn's  (R.)  Mostyn  Stayne,  743 

Ralph's  (J.)  Alone  in  China,  47 

Rampini's  History  of  Moray  and  Nairn,  738 

Ramsay's  (W.  M.)  The  Cities  and  Bishoprics  of  Phrygia, 

Vol.  I.,  Part  II.,  671,  745 
Ramsden's  (J.)  The  Bronte  Homeland,  808 
Rawnsley's  (Rev.  H.  D.)  Ballads  of  Brave  Deeds,  209 
Raymond's  (W.)  Charity  Chance,  344 
Read's  (O.)  The  Jucklins,  612 

Rees's  (C.  A.)  Chun  Ti-kung,  his  Life  and  Adventures,  504 
Rees's  (W.)  Gwen  and  Gwladys,  tr.  Evans,  539 
Reports  of  State  Trials,  New  Series,  Vol.  VII.,  1848  to 

1850,  edited  by  Wallis,  498 
Rhodes,  Cecil,  by  Imperialist  and  Jameson,  377 
Riordan's  (R.)  Sunrise  Stories,  13 
Rita's  Kitty  the  Rag,  146 

Ritchie's  (F.)  Easy  Greek  Grammar  Papers,  212 
Roberts's  (Lord)  Forty-one  Years  in  India,  39,  75 
Roberts's  (M.)   The  Western  Avernus,  773;    Maurice 

Quain,  803 
Robertson's  (G.  C  )  Elements  of  Psychology — Elements 

of  General  PhiloEOpby,  e  lited  by  Davids,  472 
Robertson's  (Sir  G.  S.)  1  he  Kafirs  of  the  Hindu-Kush,  205 
Robins's  (G.  M.)  The  Silence  Broken,  834 
Robinson's  (B.  F.)  Rugby  Football,  312 
Robinson's  (C.  H.)  Specimens  of  Hausa  Literature,  45 
Rodkinson's  (M.  L.)  The  Babylonian  Talmud,  Vol.  1,806 
Roma,  614 

Royal  Navy,  The,  by  a  Lieutenant,  840 
Ruling  Cases,  arranged  by  Campbell,  Vols.  VII.,  VIII., 

IX.,  310 
Russell's  (F.)  Out  of  the  Darkness,  375 
Russell's  (R.  H.)  The  Edge  of  the  Orient,  344 
Russell's  (W.  C.)  A  Noble  Haul,  649;  The  Last  Entry, 

772 
Ryland's  Events  of  the  Reign,  1837-1897,  840 

Sabrina's  The  Lilies,  and  other  Poems,  209 

Sacred  Books  of  the  East  :  Gaina  Sutras,  ed.  Jacobi,  836 

Sacred  Books  of  the  Old  Testament :  Part  I.,  The  Book 

of  Genesis,  ed.  by  Ball— Part  XVIII.,  The  Book  of 

Daniel,  ed.  Kampbausen,  806 
Sagon's  (A.)  An  Australian  Duchess,  504 
St.  Aubyn's  (Alan)  A  Proctor's  Wooiiijr,  13 
Saint-Aulaire's  (Comte  de)  Lettres  de  Vieillards,  213 
S.   Aurelii    Augustini     Hipponensis    Episcopi    Liber   de 

Catechizandis  Rudibus,  edited  by  Fausset,  113 
St.  Boniface,  by  Rev.  1.  G.  Smith,  113 
Saint  Margaiet,  The  Gospel  Book  of,  ed.  Forbes- Lcith,  40 
St.  William  of  Norwich,  Life  and  Miracles  of,  edited  by 

Jefsopp  and  James,  440 
Saintsbury's  (Prof.)  The  Flourishing  of  Romance  and 

Rise  of  Allegory,  571 
Salmone's  The  Fall  and  Resurrection  of  Turkey,  148 
Samuel-ion's  (J.)  The  Civilization  of  our  Day,  48 
Scalpel's  A  Doctor's  Idle  Hours,  840 


Schlumberger's  (G.)  L'Epopee  Byzantine  a  la  Fin  du 

Dixieme  Siecle,  805 
Schopenhauer's  System  in  its  Philosophical  Significance, 

by  Caldwell,  204 
Schreiner's  (O. )  Trooper  Peter  Halket  of  Mashonaland, 

271 
Schwill's(F.)  Europe  in  the  Middle  Age,  570 
Scot,  Michael,  The  Life  and  Legend  of,  by  Brown,  677 
Scott's  (G.  F.)  The  Track  of  Midnight,  838 
Scottish  Poetry  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  edited  by 

G.  Eyre-Todd,  709 
Scully's  (W.  C.)  The  White  Hecatomb,  &c,  837 
Sergeant's  (A.)  The  Idol  Maker,  241 ;  In  Vallombrosa,  803 
Serraillier's  (L.)  Vocabulaire  Technique  des  Chemins  de 

Fer,  839 
Shand's  (A.  I.)  The  Lady  Grange.  740 
Sharp's  (W.)  Madge  o'  the  Pool,  444 
Sherard's  (R.  H.)  The  White  Slaves  of  England,  614 
Sherer's  (J.  W.)  A  Princess  of  Islam,  740 
Shield's  (A.)  The  Squire  of  Wandales,  81 
Short  Notices,  48,  84, 114, 149, 183, 213, 245,  278,  312, 347, 

377,  415,  444,  478,  508,  541,  576,  615;  649,  679,713, 743, 

777,  808,  840 
Sidgwick's  (A.)  A  First  Greek  Reading  Book,  212 
Siepmann's  (C.)  Public  School  German  Primer,  180 
Simmel's  (Q.)  The  Will  that  Wins,  178 
Simmons's  (Field-Marshal  Sir'L.)  Military  Organization, 

477 
Simpson's  (W.)  The  Buddhist  Praying-Wheel,  471 
Sinigaglia's  Climbing  Reminiscences  of  the  Dolomites 

tr.  Vialls,  77 
Sin  of  Angels,  The,  276 
Sintram,  539 

Skeat's  (Rev.iW.  W.)  A  Student's  Pastime,  372 
Skrine's  (J.  H.)  Joan  the  Maid,  741 
Slater's  (J.  H.)  Book- Prices  Current,  Vol.  X.,  311 
Smith,  Adam,  Lectures  of,  ed.  Cannan,  741 
Smith's  (A.  Df)  Through  Unknown  African  Countries,  371 
Smith's  (C.)  The  Backslider,  112 
Smith's  (E.  B.)  My  Village,  148 
Smith's  (G.)  Guesses  at  the  Riddle  of  Existence,  339 
Smith's  (H.)  Steps  to  the  Temple  of  Happiness,  538 
Snaith's  (J.  C.)  Fierceheart  the  Soldier,  804 
Soldi's  La  Langue  Sacrea :  La  Cosmoglyphie,  278 
Songs  from  the  Greek,  translated  by  Sedgwick,  507 
Sophocles  :  The  Plays  and  Fragments,  edited  by  Jebb, 

Part  VII.  The  Ajax,  646 
Spectator,  Selections  from.the,  ed.  by  Evans,  540 
Sportsman  in  Ireland,  by  a  Cosmopolite,  740 
Stables's  (Dr.  G.)  Every  Inch  a  Sailor,  14 ;  The  Rose  of 

Allandale,  148 
Stafford's  (J.)  Carlton  Priors,  711 
Statesman's  Year-Book  for  1897,  edited  by  Keltie,  444 
Statham's  (Mrs.  H.)  Flix  and  Flox,  14 
Statbanrs  (R.)  South  Africa  as  It  Is,  277 
Steevens's  (G.  W.)  The  Land  of  the  Dollar,  182 
Stephens's  (R.)  Air.  Peters,  711 
Stevenson's  (R.  L.)  Songs  of  Travel,  208 
Stocktons  (F.  R.)  Mrs.  Cliff's  Yacht,  540 
Stoddard's  (W.  O.)  Chumley's  Post,  46 
Stoker's  (Bram)  Dracula,  835 
Story  of  the  Nations :  Canada,  by  Bourinot,  613.;  British 

India,  by  Frazer,  775 
Strachey's  (St.  Loe)  From  Grave  to  Gay,  614 
Stredder's  (E.)  The  Hermit  Princes,  13 
Street's  (G.  S.)  The  Wise  and  the  Wayward,  310 
Street's  (L.)  Nell  and  the  Actor,  537 
Stuart's  (E.)  Arrested,  309 
Studia  Biblica  et  Ecclesiastic!,  Vol.  IV.,  505 
Suetoni  Tranquilli  Divus  Augustus,  ed.  Shuckburgh,  176 
Surridxe's  (H.  A.  D.)  Cyrus,  376 
Swahili,  Books  in,  45 

Sweet's  (H.)  Student  s  Dictionary  of  Anglo-Saxon,  610 
Swift,  Prose  Works  of,  Vol.  I.,  edited  by  Scott,  768 

Taine's  (H.)  Carnets  de  Voyage  :    Notes  sur  la  Province, 

1863-1865,  345 
Takayanagi's  (T.)  Sunrise  Stories,  13 
Tangye's  (H.  L.)  In  South  Africa,  147 
Tarbet's  (W.  G.)  In  Oor  Kailyard,  376 
Tarver's  (F.)  Vingt  Ans  Apros,  180 
Taylor's  (H.  O.)  Ancient  Ideals,  245 
Temne,  Hymns  in,  compiled  by  Manka  and  Alley,  45 
Temple's  (G.)  Glossary  of  Indian  Terms,  776 
Temple's  (Sir  R.)  Sixty  Years  of  the  Queen's  Reign,  776 
Tennyson,  The  Bibliography  of,  311 
Thatcher's  (O.  J.)  Europe  in  the  Middle  Age.  570 
Thomas's  (A.)  In  the  Land  of  the  Harp  and  Feathers, 

244;  Essentially  Human,  573 
Thompson's  (F.)  New  Poems,  770 
Thomson's  (A.)   Principles  of    Equity   and  the   Equity 

Practice  of  the  County  Court,  838 
Thomson's  (II.  C.)  The  Outgoing  Turk,  643 
Thornton's  (Col.  T.)  A  Sporting  Tour,  edited  by  Sir  II. 

Maxwell,  179 
Thr.nd  of  Gate,  The  Tale  of,  Englished  by  Powell,  376 
Thurn  and  Taxis's  (Princess  Mary  of)  Travels  in  Un- 
known Austria,  146 
Thursfield's  (J.  R.)  The  Navy  and  the  Nation,  212 
Tiffany's  (F.)  This  Goodly  Frame  the  Earth,  147 
Tinseau's  (L.  do)  Dans  la  Brume,  773 
Toeqiievillo,  Alexis  de,  et   la   Democratio   Liberate,   by 

D'Eichthal,  83 
Topelius's  (Z  )  Fairy  Tales  from  Finland,  (r.  Christie,  181 
Tottenham's  (B.  L.)  A  Venetian  Lovo  Story,  12 


VI 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


(8UPPLEMETT  to  the  ATHENAEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31.  1897 

January  to  June   1897 


LITERATURE. 

Reviews— continued. 

Toutce'g  (Commandant)  Dahome,  Niger,  Touareg,  413 

Townsend's  (E.  W.)  Ohimmie  Fadden,  540 

Trehern'a  (0.)  Tlio  Old  EcstaaieB,  844 

Trial  (.1  Shama  Charuu  Pal,  fill 

Troubadours,  Lives  of  tin",  translated  by  Farnell,  77(5 

Troubridgo's  (Lady)  Paul's  Btepmotber,  712 

Tryon,  Vice- Admiral  Sir  George,  Life  of,  by  Hear- Admiral 

FitaQerald,  3o3 
Turgenev's  (I.)  Virgin  Soil,  trans,  by  Mrs.  Garnett,  839 
Twain's  (Mark)  Tom  Sawyer,  Detective,  &c,  244 
Tytler's  (S.)  Lady  Jean's  Son,  207 

Umber's  (G.)  Ayrshire  Idylls  of  other  Days,  14 
University  College  of  North  Wales,  Calendar,  183 

Vanderem's  (F.)  Les  Deux  Hives,  476 
Vauban,  Life  of,  by  Michel,  346 
Vaughan,  Henry,  Poems  of,  edited  by  Chambers,  802 
Veitch's  (J.)  Border  Essays— Memoir,  by  Bryce,  176 
Victoria,  Queen,  Diamond  Jubilee  Life  of,  by  Latey,  743 
Victoria  University,  Calendar  for  1897,  182 
Village  Politician,  A,  edited  by  Buckmaster,  277 
Villani's  Croniche  Florentine,  Selections  from  the  first 

Nine  Books,  trans,  by  Selfe,  edited  by  Wicksteed,  242 
Virgil,  Eclogues  of,  translated  by  Sir  O.  Morgan,  736 
Vogue's  (Vicomte  M.  de)  Jean  d'Agreve,  344 

Waddell's  (L.  A.)  The  Buddhism  of  Tibet,  836 

Waller's  (S.  E.)  Sebastiani's  Secret,  412 

Walmesley's  (0.)  Mining  Laws  of  the  World,  46 

Warden's  (F.)  The  Mystery  of  Dudley  Home,  241 

Warden's  (G.)  The  Wooing  of  a  Fairy,  309 

Watson's  (K.)  Litanies  of  Life,  712 

Watson's  (S.)  History  of  the  Literary  and  Philosophical 

Society  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  210 
Watts-Dunton's  (T.)  Jubilee  Greeting  at  Spithead  to  the 

Men  of  Greater  Britain,  829 
Way's  (A.  S.)  Tragedies  of  Euripides  in  English  Verse, 

Vol.  II.,  506 
Wells's  (H.  G.)  The  Plattner  St>ry,  837 
Weston's  (Miss  J.  L.)  The  Rose-tree  of  Hildesheim,  741 
Wharton,  Philip,  Duke  of,  by  Robinson,  83 
Whitaker's  Titled  Persons,  1897,  312 
White's  (W.)  The  Inner  Life  of  the  House  of  Commons, 

edited  by  McCarthy,  678 
Whitfield's  (E.  E.)  Precis  Writing,  840 
Whitney's  On  Snow-Shoes  to  the  Barren  Grounds,  773 
Who  's  Who  for  1897,  edited  by  Sladen,  415 
Willing's  British  and  Irish  Press  Guide,  278 
Wills's  (C.  J.)  The  Yoke  of  Steel,  178 ;  His  Dead  Past,  835 
Wilson-Barker's  Manual  of  Elementary  Seamanship,  182 
Wilson    (Sir    C.)    and    others'    The    Illustrated    Bible 

Treasury,  806 
Wilson's  (Sir  R.  K.)  A  Digest  of  Anglo-Muhammadan 

Law,  807 
Winter's  (W.)  Gray  Days  and  Gold,  245 
Wolff's  (H.)  Employers'  Liability,  245 
Women  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Times  in  America : 

Eliza    Pinckney,    by    Ravenel — Mercy    Warren,    by 

Brown,  676 
Wood's  (General  Sir  E.)  Achievements  of  Cavalry,  707 
Wood's  (W.)  Barrack  and  Battlefield,  613 
Woodhouae's  Monasticism,  Ancient  and  Modern,  181 
Worthington's  (D.)  Equal  Shares,  442 

Year-Booka  16  Edward  III.,  Part  I.,  576 

Yeats's  (W.  B.)  The  Secret  Rose,  671 

Yonge's  (C.  M.)  The  Pilgrimage  of  the  Ben  Beriah,  573 

Yorkshire  Writers  :  Richard  Rolle  of  Hampole  and  his 

Followers,  ed.  Horstman,  Vol.  II.,  377 
Yoshiaki's  (Yamada)  Heroic  Japan,  643 
Young's  (E.R.)  Three  Boys  in  the  Wild  North  Land,  613 

Z***'8  (Major)  La  Guerre  de  la  Succession  d'Autriche 

(1740-1748),  808 
Zangwill's  (L.)  A  Nineteenth  Century  Miracle,  803 

Poetry. 

Parables  concerning  Ilyas  the  Prophet,  No.  2,  by  T. 

Watts-Dunton,  347 
Watts,  George  Frederick,  R.A.,  by  A.  C.  Swinburne,  278 

Original  Papers. 

Arabic  Dictionary,  A  New,  778 

Barbour's  •  Bruco  '  and  the  Disputed  '  Legends,'  279 

Bede,  Venerable,  An  Alleged  Error  of,  744,  809,  841 

Bibliographical  Society,  50 

"  Bookmaker's  Bar,"  215 

Book  Rest,  A,  651 

Book  Sales  of  1896,  49,  85 

Browning,  Robert,  Bibliography  of  the  Writings  of,  17 

'  Burns,  The  Centenary,'  378 

Byron's  Letters,  50 

Chaucer,  Junius's  Edition  of,  779 

Chaucer  and  King  Rene  of  Anjou,  510 

'Chaurapanchasika,  The,'  617 

Coleridge  on  Spinoza,  680 

Coleridge's  Notes  on  Comic  Literature  :  a  Find,  86 

Conqueror,  Coronation  of  the,  214 

Cromwell's  Speeches,  313,  347 


Defoe  the  Rebel,  745 

Decrees  for  Women  at  Cambridge,  314 

'  Dictioiary  of  National  Biography,'  480, 509,  542,  616,714 

'  Dumfries  and  Galloway,'  116 

D'Urte,  Pierre,  651 

Ecclesiasticus  in  Hebrew,  Rocontly  Discovered  Fragment 

of,  445 
Education,  Technical  and  Secondary,  841 
Englieh  History,  An  Obscure  Point  in,  479,  512 
4  English  Schools  at  the  Reformation,'  348,  417 
Enigma,  An  Anglo-Saxon,  543,  682 
Gibbon's  Library,  744 

Gray's  '  Elegy,'  An  Undescribed  Edition  of,  445 
Head  Masters'  Conference,  16 
Hilary,  Bishop  of  Cliicliester,  115 
Historical    Manuscripts    Commission  :     The     Hodgkin 

Collection,  314  ;  The  Harley  Papers,  811 
Indian  Problems,  48 
Junius's  Edition  of  Chaucer,  779 
Kingsley's  (Mjsb)  '  Travels  in  West  Africa,'  278 
Lamb's  (John)  '  Poetical  Pieces,'  150,  183,  246 
Literary  Agents,  Lord  Brougham  on,  348 
Literary  Congress,  International,  578 
Literary    Expenses    in    St.    Margaret's,    Westminster, 

through  Reformation  Times,  777 
Lost  Manuscript,  A,  842 
Lytton's  (Lord)  Harold,  744 
Maspero's  (Prof.)   '  Struggle  of  the   Nations,'   English 

Translation  of,  18,  49,  84, 115, 149,  183 
Melanchthon,  214 
Milton,  A  Tract  attributed  to,  183 
Minucius  Felix,  The  Date  of,  745 
'  Mirror  of  Jus'ices,  The,'  185 
More,  Sir  Thomas,   Thomas  Stapleton's  Copy    of    the 

Works  of,  215 
Nelson's '  Autobiography,'  682 
Paris,  Notes  from,  315 
Pepys's  (Samuel)  Will,  214 
Phillipps  Manuscripts,  Sale  of  the,  714 
Poet's  Grievance,  A,  544 
Prior,  Matthew,  as  a  Book-Collector,  810 
Prothalamia,  Two,  378,  415,  446,  480,  510,  544,  577 
Publishing  Season,  246,  314,  349,  380,  417,  446,  510,  544 
Roe,  Sir  Thomas,  809 
'  Romance  of  a  King's  Life,'  150 
Royal  Historical  Society  :  New  Publication?,  651 
'Sacred  Tree,  The,' 317, 348 
St.  Patrick,  313,  381 
Sales,  184,  246,  315,  349,  350,  380,  480,  510,  651,  683, 714, 

810 
Scrinia,  842 
'Siren  Voices,'  314 

Spanish  Armada,  Destruction  of  the,  348,  416,  508 
Stevenson,  R.  L.,  A  Letter  of,  280 
Tennyson,  Bibliography  of  the  Writings  of,  417,  479   543, 

681,  715 
'  Testament  of  Love,'  184,  215 
Tbackerays,  The,  in  India,  149 
Tiele,  Prof.,  and  Mr.  Max  Miiller,  318 
'  Travel  and  Big  Game,'  543,  577 
Ubaldino  and  the  Armada,  508 
'  Under  the  Circumstances,'  446,  480 
Verlaine  Monument,  479 

Obituaries. 
Adams,    W.    T.,    511.    Angerstein,   W.,    779.    Aumale, 

Duo    d',    650.     Baines,    E.    M.,    780.     Banks,    Mrs. 

Linnaeus,  618.     Baur,  Dr.  W.,  653.     Berardi,  M.,  545. 

Bernays,  Prof.  M..317.  Beatuzhev-Ryumin,  Count,  115. 

Biart,L.,419.  Blackwood,  Miss,  51.  Boycott,  Capt.,  842. 

Brewer,  Dr.  C,  381.  Churton,  Canon,  715.    Dalgleiah, 

Dr.  W.  S.,247.    Davies,  Mrs.  J.,  510.    Davies,  W~.,  652. 

Deecke,  W.,  87.     Edmonds,  C,  117.     Empson,  Mrs., 

812.     Fischer,  J.  G.,  684.    Fulford,  Rev.  W.,  416,  446. 

Goulburn,  Dr.,  618.    Gowans,  J.,  87.    Gregor,  Rev. 

Dr.    W.,    216.    Guille,    T.,    51.      Harrison,    R.,    50. 

Heaton,  Mr.,  618.    Heaviside,  Canon,  350.     Hewlett, 

H.  G.,  313.    Hirzel,  Dr.  L.,  780.    Holsten,  Dr.  K.,  186. 

Hungei ford,  Mrs.,  151.     Jacox,  Rev.  F.,  216.     Kohler, 

Prof.  A.,  351.     Kohler,  O.,  812.    Krez,  C.,419.    Lamb, 

Mr.,  618.    Land,  Pr.f.  J.  P.  N.,  615.    Lembcke,  E.,  448. 

M'Call,  H.,  382.     Macleod,  N.,  653.    Maikow,  A.  N., 

448.     Martin,    J.    B.,    419.     Mas-Latrie,    Count,    51. 

Maunsell,   Mr.,  87.      Menzel,  Dr.   K.,   653.      Perry, 

Archdeacon,  217.     Pbilippi,  R.,  812.     Pitman,  Sir  1., 

151.    Pocock,    Rev.    N.,    349.      Pulsford,    Dr.,    715. 

Radintzky,   A.,  511.     Read,    General    M.,    17,    350. 

Reynolds,  Rev.  S.   H.,   217.    Rittershaus,    E.,    350. 

Roberts,    C,    185.     Rosenthal-Bonin,    H.,    546.     St. 

David's,  Bishop  of,  117.      St.   David's,  Dean  of,  350. 

Sandtrs,    Dr.    D.,    382.      S'atherberg,    K.    H.,    118. 

Schober,    Frau    von     (Thekla    von    Gumpert),    432. 

Shirreff,  Miss  E.,  419.      Stefani,  Signor,  530.    Storr, 

W.,580.     Thomas,  Rev.  L.,  652.     Tomlinson,  Dr.  C, 

247.     Twiss,  Sir   Travers,  117.     Wallace,    Piof..   281 

Wiedermann,  Dr.  T.,  247.     Wilbour,  C.  E.,  85.     Wilson, 

Dr.,  684.     Ziletmann,  E.  K.,  186 
Gossip. 
Parliamentary  Papers.  20,  87,  118,  151,  186,  217,  247. 

281,  317.  351,  382,  419,  448,  482,  546,   580,  618,  653, 

684,  715,  746,  812 
Knighthood  conferred  on  Dr.  J.  T.  Gilbert,  51 
Monument  to  Haunch  Heine  near  Elberfeld,  87 


St.  Andrews  University  and  the  University  College  of 
Dundee,  151 

Histories!  M mufcripts  Commiasion,  216 

London  Association  of  Corrector!  of  the  Presi,  Forty- 
third  Annual  Report,  281 

Booksellers'  Provident  Institution,  Report— The  EnglUh 
Dialect  Society,  316 

Newsvendora'  Institution,  Annual  Meeting,  350 

Selden  Society,  Annual  Meeting,  381 

Publishers'  Association,  Annual  Meeting,  448 

London  Library,  Report,  684 


SCIENCE. 

Reviews. 

Anthropological  Institute,  Journal,  512,  782 
Astronomical  Journal,  449 
Astronorniache  Nachrichten,  119,  319,  383,  449 
Bailey 'b  (J.  B.)  Diary  of  a  Resurrectionist,  812 
Barrett'a  Lepidoptera  of  British  Ielanda,  Vol.  III.,  546 
Beaz'ey's  (C.  R.)  The  Dawn  of  Modern  Geography,  715 
Bedells  (F.)  The  Principl-s  of  the  Transrormer,  152 
Berliner  Astronomisches  Jahrbuch  for  1899,  249 
Brooksmith's  (E.  J.)  Woolwich  Mathematical  Papers,  382 
Browne's  (M.)  Taxidermy  and  Modelling,  748 
Bulletin  Astronomique,  319 
Butterfield's  (W.  J.  A.)  Chemistry  of  Gas  Manufacture, 

282 
Cambridge  Natural  History,  Vol.  IT.,  318 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Astronomer's  Report  for  1896,  814 
Cassell's  Gazetteer,  Vol.  IV.,  351 
Comey's  Dictionary  of  Chemical  Solubilities  :  Inorganic, 

282 
Comptes  Rendus,  152 

Croll,  James,  Autobiographical  Sketch  of,  ed.  Irons,  74 
Cunningham's  (J.  T.)  Natural    History  of  Marketabl 

Marine  Fishes  of  the  British  Islands,  547 
Dodwell's  (R.)  Pocket  County  Companion  :  Devonshire, 

Norfolk,  Derbyshire,  Berkshire,  781 
Edwards's  (J.)  The  Hemiptera-Homoptera  of  the  British 

Islands,  546 
Euclid's  Elements  of  Geometry,  V.,  VI.,  by  Taylor,  382 
Folk-lore,  512 

Furneaux's  (W.)  Life  in  Ponds  and  Streams,  318 
Greene's  (Dr.  W.  T.)  Feathered  Frieuds,  547 
Hackel's  (E.)  The  True  Grasses,  546 
Hahn's  (E.)  Die  Haustiere  und  ihre   Beziehungen   zur 

Wirtschaft  des  Menscben,  748 
Halford,  Sir  Henry,  Life  of.  by  Munk,  482 
Hampson's  Fauna  of  British  India  :  Moths,  Vol.  IV 

546 
Handbook  of  Mental  Arithmetic,  382 
Harper's  (A.   P.)    Pioneer   Work  in  the  Alps  of  New 

Zealand,  217 
Harvard  College  Observatory,  Annual  Report,  548 
Heawond's  (E.)  Geography  of  Africa,  780 
Henslow's  H  >w  to  Study  Wild  Flowers.  546 
Hertwig's  (O.)    The    Biological    Problem    of    To-day, 

translated  by  Mitchell,  lb6 
Howe's  (H.  A.)  A  Study  of  the  Sky,  618 
Jackson's  (D.  C.  and  J.  P.)   Alternating  Currents  and 

Alternating  Current  Machinery,  448 
Jee's   (Sir  Bbagvat  Sinh)  A  Short    History  of  Aryan 

Medical  Science,  813 
Jessop'B  (C.  M.)  Elements  of  Applied  Mathematics,  332 
Kappel's  (A.  W.)  British  and  European  Buttarflies  and 

Moths,  843 
Keane's  (A.  H.)  Southern  and  Western  Asia,  118 
Kirhy's  (W.  E.)  British  and  European  Butterflies  and 

Moths,  843 
Kirby's  (W.  F.)  A  Handbook  to  Lepidoptera,  Vol.  III., 

546 
Lang's  (A.)  Text-Book  of  Comparative  Anatomy,  trans- 
lated by  H.  M.  and  M.  Bernard.  Part  II.,  186 
Lodge's  (A.)  Mensuration  for  Senior  Students,  389 
Longmans'  Junior  School  Mensuration,  by  Beard,  389 
Luoas's    Historical  Geography  of  the  British  Colonies, 

Vol.  IV.,  Parts  I.  and  II.,  760 
Lydekker's  (R.)  Geographical  History  of  Mammals,  747 
Mackay's  (J.  C.)  Liaht  Railways,  248 
Mayo's  (C.  H.  P.)  Elementary  Algebra,  382 
Melbourne  Observatory,  Thirtieth  Report  of  the  Board 

of  Visitors.  152 
Memorie  della  Societa  de^li  Spettroscopisti  Italiani,  249, 

618,  748,  843 
Menschutkiu's  (N.)  Analytical  Chemistry,  tr.  by  Locke, 

281 
Miall's   (L.   C.)   Round    the  Year,  419;    The   Natural 

History  of  Aquatic  Insects,  842 
Morris.  Francis  Orpen,  a  Memoir,  by  his  Son,  the  Rev. 

M.  C.  F.  Morris,  249 
Museums  Association,  Report  of  Glasgow  Meeting,  by 

Howarth  and  Platnauer,  119 
Nautical  Almanac  and  Ephemeris  for  1900,  152 
Paris  Observatory,  Annates,  618 ;  Rapport  Annuel,  by 

Loewy,  843 
Paris  Society  of  Anthropology,  Bulletin*,  782 
Philips'   Handy   Reference  Atla*,  by  Ravenstein,  351 

New  Handy  General  Atlas  of  the  World,  780 
Plants  of  Manitoba,  419 


I 


SUPPLEMENT  to  the  ATHENjEUM  with  No.  3640,  July  31,  1897] 

January  to  June  1897  INDEX 


OF    CONTENTS 


vn 


Prince's  (C.  L.)  Meteorological  Summary  for  1896,  383 
Pritchard,  Charles,  D.D.,  Memoirs  of,  compiled  by  his 

Daughter,  51 
Pullar's  (Mrs.  A.)  Geometry  for  Kindergarten  Students, 

382 
Pye-Smith's  (P.  H.)  The  Lumleian  Lectures  on  certain 

Points  in  the  j32tioIogy  of  Disease,  813 
Red  Deer  :    Natural  History,  by  Macpherson ;    Deer- 

Stalking,  by   Cameron;    Stag-Hunting,   by   Viscount 

Ebrihgton ;  Cookery,  by  Shand,  511 
Royal  Natural  History,  ed.  by  Lydekker,  Vols.  V.  and 

VI.,  547 
Sandeman's  (G.)  Problems  of  Biology,  20 
Saunders's    (E.)   The    Hymenoptera    Aculeata    of    the 

British  Islands,  842 
Schlich's  Manual  of  Forestry  :  Vol.  V.  Forest  Utilization, 

by  Fisher,  547 
Scott's  (D.  H.)  An  Introduction  to  Structural  Botany, 

Part  II.,  419 
See's  (Dr.  T.  J.  J.)  Researches  on  the  Evolution  of  the 

Stellar  Systems,  Part  I.,  249 
Sharp's  (A.)  Bicycles  and  Tricycles,  580 
Starr's  (M.  A.)  An  Atlas  of  Nerve  Cells,  186 
Swann's(H.K.)A  Concise  Handbook  of  British  Birds,  748 
Swiss  Folk-lore  Society,  Journal,  512 
Thacber's  (J.  B.)  The  Continent  of  America,  118 
Thomson's  (J.  A.)  Natural  History  of  the  Year,  547 
Victoria  Regina  Atlas,  351 
Wallis-Tayler's  (A.  J.)  Modern  Cycles,  580 
Ward's  (R.)  Records  of  Big  Game,  318 
Washburn  Observatory  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin, 

Publications,  Vol.  X.  Part  I.,  249 
Welsford's  (J.  W.)  Elementary  Algebra,  382 
Wethey's   (E.  R.)   A    New  Manual   of  Geography   for 

Middle  and  Higher  Forms,  119 
Witchell's  (C.  A.)  The  Evolution  of  Bird-Song,  747 
Year-Book  of  the  Learned  Societies,  747 
Year-Book  of  Treatment  for  1897,  747 
Zimmermann's  (Dr.  A.)  Botanical  Microtechnique,  546 
Zoological  Record,  1895,  249 

Original  Papers. 

Anthropological  Notes,  512,  781 

Astronomical  Notes,  119, 152,  249,  383,  814,  843 

Banks,  Sir  Joseph,  Journal,  52 ;  The  Papers  of,  547 

Crocodiles,  Mythic  Singing,  716,  748 

Jungfrau  Railway,  The  Proposed,  618 

Publishing  Season,  351,  448 

Royal  Observatory,  Greenwich,  781 

Royal  Society's  Projected  Catalogue,  716 

Sale,  483 

Societies. 

Anthropological  Institute — 283 

Archaeological  Institute — Mr.  G.  E.  Fox  on  Uriconium, 
219;  Mr.  H.  P.  Fitzgerald  Marriott  on  Family  Por- 
traits at  Pompeii,  352 ;  Mr.  C.  E.  Keyser  on  Alder- 
maston  Church,  Berkshire,  512;  Mr.  Talfourd  Ely  on 
Wreaths  and  Garlands,  684.     Also  782 

Aristotelian— Elections,  219,  318,  483,  748;  Mr.  L.  T. 
Hobhouse  on  some  Problems  of  Conception,  318; 
Hon.  B.  Russell  on  the  Relations  of  Number  and 
Quantity,  483.    Also  88,  421,  620,  685,  844 

Asiatic— Surgeon-Captain  F.  H.  B.  Brown  on  the  Ruins 
of  Diraapiir  in  Assam,  420 

B  bliographical-  Mr.  R.  Steele  on  Early  Books  on 
Arithmetic,  283 ;  Mr.  G.  J.  Gray  on  William  Pickering, 
421  6 

British  Archaeological  Association— Mr.  Patrick  on  the 
Discovery  of  a  Roman  House  at  Burham,  Kent,  249 ; 
Miis  E.  Bradley  on  London  under  the  Monastic 
Orders,  282.    Also  352,  420,  748,  782 

Chemical— Elections,  352;  Anniversiry  Meeting,  483. 
Also  153,  283,  620,  717,  782 

Entomological— Annual  Meeting,  153  ;  Elections,  219. 
383,  421,  685.    Also  283,  548,  814 

Geographical— Elections,  420,  512, 653,  684 ;  Anniversary 
Meeting,  684 

Geological—  Elections,  20,  88,  187,  249,351,420,  548,  653, 
684,  782,  843 ;  Anniversary  Meeting,  282 

Hellenic—  Prof.  P.  Gardner  on  a  Stone  Tripod  at  Oxford, 
and  on  the  Mantinean  Basis,  250 ;  Miss  Harrison  on 
the  Danaides,  513 

Historical—  Elections,  154,  449,  580,  717,  844  ;  Anniver- 
sary Meeting,  283 

Huguenot— Elections,  119 

Institute  of  Actuaries— Annual  Meeting,  815 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers— Elections,  88,  187,  318 
483  ;  Annual  General  Meeting,  580.  Also  21. 119.  15i' 
219,  283,  384,  449 

Linnean- Elections,  88,  420,  449,  513,  619,  685,  814; 
Mr.  W.  C.  Worsdell  on  the  Development  of  the  Ovule 
of  Christisonia,  a  Genus  of  the  Orobanchese,  88  i 
Anniversary  Meeting,  814.     Also  187,  318 

Mathtmalical— Elections,  119,  384,  613.    Also  250,  685, 

olu 

Meteorological— kunxx&l  Meeting,  119.  Also  250,  548,  685, 

AWmetftc— Elections,  163,283,  420;  Annual  General 
Meeting,  843.    Also  619,  717 


Philological — Prof.  McCormick  on  Chaucer's  '  Troilus,' 
187 ;  Prof.  G.  Foster  on  the  Text  and  Versification  of 
Sir  Thomas  Wyatt's  Poems,  513;  Dr.  Murray's  Report 
on  the  Dictionary,  580;  Anniversary  Meeting — Prof. 
Skeat  on  the  Proverbs  of  Alfred,  654.    Also  383 

Physical— Elections,  250.  Also  154,  319,  384,  449,  513, 
685,  748,  815 

Royal—  Elections,  351,  782;  Anniversary  Meeting,  782. 
Also  153,  187,  218,  249,  282,  318,  383,  420,  449,  684 

Royal  Institution— Elections,  187,  318  ;  Annual  Meeting, 
620 

Society  of  Antiquaries — Elections,  153,  352;  Prof.  J. 
Ferguson  on  the  Secrets  of  Alexis,  249;  Mr.  G. 
Grazebrook  on  Mediaeval  Surnames  and  their  Various 
Spellings,  282  ;  Mr.  F.  M.  Nichols  on  the  Date  of  the 
Birth  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  449 ;  Anniversary  Meeting, 
619;  Mr.  W.  Gowland  on  the  Dolmens  and  Burial 
Mounds  in  Japan,  619,  653.  Also  187,  218,  383,  483, 
717,  782 

Society  of  Arts— 154,  187,  219,  250,  318,  384,  421,  449, 
483,  620 

Society  of  Biblical  Archceology — Anniversary  Meeting,  88. 

Also  187,  318,  483,  620,  748 
Society  of  Engineers  -187,  318,  483,  620,  815 
Statistical— 119,  250,  580,  717,  814 
Zoological- 153, 219, 283,  352,  421 ,  513, 654,  717, 782, 844 

Obituaries. 

Bartlett,  A.  D.,  684.  Bois-Reymond,  Prof.  E.  du,  21. 
Casella,  L.  P.,  581.  Chamberlin,  H.  B.,  748.  Clark, 
A.,  814.  Cloizeaux,  M.  des,  654.  D'Abbadie,  A.,  419. 
Drummond,  Prof.  H.,  383.  Elger,  T.  G.  E.,  119.  Elias, 
N.,  748.  Freeman,  Rev.  A.,  814.  Fresenius,  Prof. 
K.  R.,  813.  Haerdtl,  Baron  E.  von,  514.  Hale,  H., 
152^  Jlilger,  A.,  581.  Hogg,  Dr.  R.,  421.  Kenngott, 
Dr.,  421.  Miiller,  Fritz,  783.  Nevill,  H.,  581.  Newton, 
Sir  E.,  580.  Sachs,  Dr.  J.  von,  748.  Saint-Martin, 
L.  V.  de,  52.  Stone,  E.  J.,  653.  Sylvester,  Prof.,  382, 
421.  Tunuer,  Prof.  P.  R.  von,  815.  Walker,  General, 
52.    Weierstrass,  Prof.,  283 

Gossip. 

Award  of   the  Medals  and   Funds  of   the    Geological 

Society,  88 
New  Observatory  at  Rossgen,  Saxony,  188 
Award  of  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Astronomical  Society 

to  Prof.  Barnard,  219 
Award  of  the  Gold  Medal  of  the  Linnean  Society  to  Dr. 

J.  G.  Agardh,  685 


FINE    ARTS. 
Reviews. 

Academy  Notes,  No.  23,  719 

Architectural  Review,  Vol.  I.  No.  1,  22 

Art  Journal,  1896,  22 

Art  Schools  of  London,  edited  by  Mackenzie,  450 

Bengal,  Revised  List  of  Ancient  Monuments  in,  719 

Boutmy's  Le  Parth6non  et  le  Genie  Grec,  515 

Brown,  Ford  Madox,  a  Record  of  his  Life  and  Work    by 

Hueffer,  284,  352,  423 
Catalogues  :    Maiolica  and  Enamelled   Earthenware  of 
Italy  in   the  Ashmolean  Museum,  by  Fortnum,  450; 
Greek  Coins  in  the  British  Museum,  by  Head,  844 
Cathedrals :  Westminster  Abbey,  by  the  Dean  of  Canter- 
bury—York Minster,  by  the  Dean  of  York— Winchester, 
by  Benham— St.  Alban's  Abbey,  by  Liddell— Canter- 
bury, by  the  Dean  of  Ripon— Norwich,  by  the  Dean  of 
Norwich— Gloucester,   by   the  Dean  of  Gloucester- 
Salisbury,   by  the   Dean   of  Salisbury  — Canterbury- 
Salisbury— Chester,  by  Hiatt— Rochester,  by  Palmer 
—Oxford,  by  Dearmer— Wells,  by  Clarke— St.  Asaph, 
by  Bax,  750 
Cave's  (H.  W.)  The  Ruined  Cities  of  Ceylon,  514 
Chalmers,   George   Paul,  and  the  Art  of  his  Time,  by 

Pinnington,  548 
Clarke's  (S.)  Wall  Drawings  and  Monuments  of  El-Kab  : 

The  Tomb  of  Sebeknekht,  484,  623 
Classical  Sculpture  Gallery,  1896,  Parts  I.  and  II.,  251 
Crane's  (W.)  Of  the  Decorative  Illustration  of  Books  Old 

and  New,  188 
El-Bersheh,  Part  II.,  484 

English  Society  sketched  by  G.  du  Maurier,  845 
Fletcher's  Foreign  Bookbindings  in  British  Museum,  718 
Freshfield    (E.)    jun.'s    Communion    Plate   of    Parish 

Churches  in  the  County  of  London,  21 
Furniss's  (H.)  Pen  and  Pencil  in  Parliament,  846 
GalerieComique  du  Dixneuvieme  Siecle,  Nos.  1  to  6,  252 
Gardner's   (ti.  A.)    A    Handbook   of  Greek    Sculpture, 

Parts  I.  and  II.,  421 
Gardner's  (P.)  Sculptured  Tombs  of  Hellas,  250 
Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts,  Vols.  XV.  and  XVI.,  121 
GolenischefFs    Assyrian    Monuments   preserved   in   the 

Hermitage,  St.  Petersburg,  615 
Houghton,  Arthur  Boyd,  Introductory  Essay  by  Hous- 

tnan,  515 
Inwards's  (R.)  Turner's  Representations  of  Lightning, 

99 

James's  (E.  B.)  Letters,  Archaeological  and  Historical, 

relating  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  188 
Langdon's  (A.  G.)  Old  Cornish  Crosses,  119 


Mackenzie's  (Sir  J.  B.)  The  Castles  of  England,  154 

Magazine  of  Art,  1896,  22 

Meyer's  Handbook  of  Art  Smithing,  trans.  Gardner,  815 

Morgan's  Recherches  sur  les  Origines  de  l'Egypte,  815 

Munkacsy's  Souvenirs  :  L'Enfance,  189 

Miintz's  (E.)  Les  Tapisseries  de  Raphael,  88 

Naville's  (E.)  The  Temple  of  Deir  el  Bahari,  Part  I., 

484 
Nisbet's  (H.)  A  Plain  Guide  to  Oil  Painting,  816 
Oxford  Characters,  Lithographs  by  Rothenst.-in,  Text  by 

York  Powell  and  Others,  251 
Pageant,  1897,  22 
Pictures  of  1897,  719,  753 
Posters  in  Miniature,  549 
Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 

Distribution  of  Science  and  Art  Grants,  719 
Rivoli's  (Due  de)  Les  Missels  imprimes  a  Venise  de  1481 

a  1600,  783 
Robert's   (C.)   Achtzehntes    Hallisches  Winckelmann3- 

programm,  550 
Royal  Academy  and  New  Gallery,  719 
Stokes's  (M.)  Notes  on  the  Cross  of  Cong,  53 
Spenser's  Faerie  Queene,  edited  by  Wise,  pictured  by 

Crane,  845 
Swannell's  (M.)  Black-Board  Drawing,  816 
Tylor's  (J.  J.)  Wall  Drawings  and  Monuments  of  El-Kab  ■ 

The  Tomb  of  Sebeknekht,  484,  623 
Vanity  Fair  Album,  Vol.  XXVIII.,  22 
Venus  and  Apollo  in  Painting  and  Sculpture,  edited  by 

W.  J.  Stillman,  749 
Year's  Art,  1897,  120 

Original  Papers. 

Alexandria,  Ancient,  752 

Athens,  Notes  from,  24,  450,  4S5 

Buddha's  Birthplace,  The  Discovery  of,  319 

Burne- Jones's  (Sir  E.)  Pictures  at  the  New  Gallery,  515 

Byron,  The  Raeburn,  23 

Cairo,  The  Citadel  of,  848 

El-Kab,  Excavations  at,  623 

Greek  Inscriptions  at  Clandeboye,  688 

Hook's  (Mr.)  Pictures,  484 

Mycenaean  Datings,  550,  624 

New  Prints,  189 

Paine,  Thomas,  Romney's  Portrait  of,  848 

Peterborough  Cathedral,  23,  54,  121,  191 

Pompey's  Pillar  at  Alexandria,  285,  485,  516,  551 

Sales,  55, 90, 122, 156, 190,  221, 253,  286,  320,  354,  386,  422, 

451,  485,  516,  551,  586,  587, 623,  657, 689, 722,  753,  786, 

817,  849 
Serangeum  in  the  Piraeus,  385 
Silchester  Excavations  of  1896,  721 
Vitruviana,  516,  586 

Exhibitions. 

Agnew  &  Sons'  (Messrs.)  Galleries :  English  Drawings, 

Burlington  Club :  Mr.  A.  W.  Hunt's  Water  Colours,  90 

European  Enamels,  786 
Dowdeswell's  (Messrs.)   Galleries:    Sketches   by  Mr.  J. 

Aumonier  of  Old  Brighton  Pier,  2S5 
I'udley  Gallery  :  Landscape  Exhibition,  24 
Fine-Art  Society  :  Mr.  A.  W,  Rimington's  Drawings,  285  ; 

Mr.  Du  Maurier's  Drawings,  320;  Mr.  Swan's  "  Wild 

Beasts,"  423;  Works  of  Mr.  Jan  van  Beers,  658;  Mr. 

F.  A.  Rawlence's  Drawings  of  the  Riviera,  818 
Goupil  Gallery  :  M.  R.  Billotte's  Landscapes  in  Oil,  658  ; 

Mr.  J.  B.  Knight's  Works,  817 
Grafton  Gallery  :  Mr.  Fori  Madox  Brown's  Works,  220 
Graves's  (Messrs.)  Gallery,  658;  Society  of  Miniature 

Painters— War  Paintings,  786 
Guildhall,  Loan  Exhibition  of  Pictures  at,  485 
Institute  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours,  384 
New  Oallery  :  Winter  Exhibition,  Mr.  Watts's  Pictures, 

23,  89;  Summer  Exhibition,  585,  686 
Obach's(Mr.)  Gallery,  785 
Royal  Academy :   Winter    Exhibition,  Lord  Leighton's 

Pictures,  53,  189,  252,  320;  Summer  Exhibition.  581. 

654,  750,  784,  846 
Salons,  The,  620,  656,  687,  719,  816 
Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours  :  Special  Exhibition, 

155;  Summer  Exhibition,  621 

Obituaries. 

Aquila,  Count  of,  354.  Bent,  Theodore,  657.  Black- 
burn, H„  387.  Blondel,  P.,  551.  Boyce,  G.  P.,  221. 
Creeny,  Rev.  W.  F.,  551.     Doucet,  L.,  156.     Francais, 

F.  L.,  752.  Franks,  Sir  A.  W.,  720.  Glndbach,  Prof. 
B.,  25.  Guerard,  H.,  451.  Heyden,  A.  J.  von,  818. 
Hoffman,  M.,  689.  Holloway,  C.  E.,  387.  Hook, 
Mrs..  320.  Knight,  C.  P.,  156.  Lambert,  E.  P.,  624. 
Liitzow,  K.  von,  587.  Madrazo,  L.  do,  287.  Meuron, 
A.  de,  486.  Patrick,  Cochran,  387.  Ponno,  C.  O.  de 
551.  Phipps,  C.  .1.,  722.  Pille,  0.  H.,  364.  Robert- 
son,  Canon  S.,   354.     Robinson,   G.   T.,   658.    Scott, 

G.  O.,  668.    Simpson,  Dr.  S.,  451.     Yon,  E.  C,  451 

Gossip. 

National  Oallery  :  Acquisitions,  55,  253,  286,  763 

Louvre  :  Acquisitions,  91,  156,  191,  551 

Royal  Academy  :  Elections,  121 

Gloucester  Cathedral,  the  Lady  Chapel,  122,  166 

Restoration  of  the  Hotel  de  Ville  of  Louvain,  1M 

Destination  of  the  Hertford  Collection,  886 

National  Portrait  Gallery  :  Acquisitions,  320 


Vlll 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


[SUPPLEMENT  to  th»  ATHEN^CM  with  No.  3W0,  July  SI,  IWI 

January  to  June  1897 


FINE  ARTS. 

GOSBlp     cont  i  mini. 
Sir  E.  Poynter's  '  The  Beginning  of  the  End,'  336 
Bequests  to  the  Egypt  Exploration  Fund,  423 
Luxembourg :  Acquisitions,  486 
Report  for  1896  of  the  Director  of  the  National  Gallery, 

517 
Excavations  at  Silcheeter,  623 


MUSIC. 

Reviews. 


Biilow,  liana  von,  Early  Correspondence  of,  edited  by 

hid  Widow,  translated  by  Bache,  123 
Burns,  The   Songs  of,  Symphonies  by  Lees,  Notes  by 

Shelley,  518 
Dittersdorf,  Karl  von,  Autobiography  of,  translated  by 

Coleridge,  753 
Halle.  Sir  Charles,  Life  and  Letters  of,  25 
Jubilee  Music,  551,819 
Lowe's  (C.  E.)  A  Chronological  Cyclopaedia  of  Musicians 

and  Musical  Events,  518 
Matthew's  (J.  E.)  The  Literature  of  Music,  55 
National  Festival  Music,  551,  819 
Riemann's  Dictionary  of  Music,  tr.  by  Shedlock,  354 
Schumann's  (R.)  Four  Studies  and  Three  Sketches  for 

Pedal  Piano,  518 
Short  Notices,  55 
Stainer's  (J.)  A  Few  Words  to  Candidates  for  the  Degree 

of  Mus.Bac.Oxon.,  518 
Tschaikowsky's  (P.)  Twelve  Pieces  for  the  Pianoforte- 
Select  Pieces  for  ditto,  518 
Wagner's  Heroines,  by  Constance  Maud,  123 

original  Paper*. 
Berlioz's  '  Les  Troyens  a  Carthage,'  452 
Feis  Ceoil,  The,  723 

Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians,  25,  56 
Sale,  850 

Operas,  Concerts,  flee. 
Atkinson's  (Miss  E.  A.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  254 
Bach  Festival,  486,  517 
Bamett's  (Miss  E.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  659 
Bispham's  (Mr.  D.)  Concert,  658 
Bohemian  String  Quartet,  Concerts,  287,  388,  423 
Butt's  (Miss  C.)  Concert,  689 
Carl  Rosa  Opera:  '  Tannhauser,'  'Romeo  and    Juliet,' 

•La  Vivandiere,'  122;  'Faust,'  'Die  Meistersinger,' 

'  Mignon,'    '  Cavalleria    Rusticana '    and    '  Pagliacci,' 

'  Carmen,'  157  ;  '  The  Valkyrie,'  191 
Cathie's  (Mr.  P.)  Violin  Recital,  488 
Clinton's  (Mr.  G.  A.)  Concert,  488 
Cohn's  (Mr.  I.)  Brahms  "  In  Memoriam  "  Concert,  659 
Crystal  Palace  Concerts,  320,  355,  387,  423,  486,  517,  551 
D'Albert's  (Mr.  E.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  723 
Dalton'8  (Miss  D.)  Concert,  453 
Danks  (Miss  M.)  and  Gee's  (Miss  H.)  Recital,  518 
Eibenschutz's  (Miss  I.)  Brahms  Pianoforte  Recital,  320 
Esposito's  (Signor  M.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  625 
Faure  and  Wolff's  (MM.)  Concert,  787 
Fitzner  Viennese  Quartet,  Concert,  788 
Frickenhaus's  (Madame)  Pianoforte  Recital,  453 
Gabrilowitsch's  (M.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  787 
Gompertz's  (Mr.  R.)  String  Quartet  Concerts,  157,  287 
Goodson's  (Miss  K.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  787 
Greene  (Mr.  P.)  and  Bor wick's  (Mr.  L.)  Recitals,  287, 355 
Guildhall  School  of  Music  :  Concert,  755 
Halle's  (Sir  Charles)  Manchester  Concerts,  56,  123,  223, 

287 
Hambourg's  (Mr.  M.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  320 
Handel  Festival,  818,  849 
Hare's  (Miss  A.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  356 
Hausmann  (Herr  R.)  and  Wild's  (Miss  M.)  Concert,  356 
Henschel's  (Mr.)  Concerts,  122,  222,  287,  320,  387,  423, 

486 
Highbury  Philharmonic  Society:  Allon's  'The  Oak  of 

Geismar,'  157  ;  Mendelssohn's  '  Athalie,'  355 
Hillier's  (Mr.  L.  H.)  Concert,  388 
Hyllested  e  (Herr  A.)  Concert,  624 
Jubilee  Concerts,  849 
Kneisel  Quartet,  Concert,  755 
Kowalski's  (M.  H.)  Concert,  388 
Kruse's  (Herr)  Concert,  755 
Lamond's  (Mr.  F.)  Pianoforte  Recitals,  122,  157,  191, 

222, 624 
Lamoureux  Concerts,  423, 452 
London  Ballad  Concerts,  253 
Magpie  Madrigal  Society  :  Concert,  723 
Manchester,  Theatre  Royal :  English  Version  of  Puccini's 

'  La  Boberoe,'  587 
Manna's  (Mr.)  Benefit  Concert,  587 
Marchesi's  (Madame)  Vocal  Recitals,  423,  453,  691 
Masbach's  (Herr  V.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  787 
Melba's  (Madame)  Concert,  787 
Mottl's  (Herr  F.)  Concerts,  387,  452;    Grand  Wagner 

Concerts,  517,  658,  689 
Motto's  (Miss  MJ  Concert,  287 
Musical  Artists'  Society  :  Concert,  388 
Olson    (Miss   M),  Barnes   (Miss   E.),    and    Phillips's 

(Mr.  C.)  Recital,  288 


O'Moore's  (Miss  E.)  Concert.  287 

Ortmans's  (Mr.  R.)  Concert,  453 

Paderewaki's  (M.)  Pianoforte  Recitals,  517,  819 

Pancera'i  (Mile.  E.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  723 

I'liilharmonic  Concerts.  423,  486,  624.  722,  787,  849 

Popular  Concerts,  26,  55,  91,  122,  157,  191,  254,  287,  320, 

355,  388,  453,  486,  517 
Prince    of    Wales's    Theatre  :    Pac'r's  '  II    Maestro    di 

Cappella,'  254 
Promenade  Concerts,  26,  55,  91, 123,  222,  253,  320,  355, 

337,  423,  452,  486,  518 
Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society  :  '  Elijah,'  56,  754  ;  Saiut- 

Saens's  '  Samson  et  Dalila,'  355  ;  '  St.  Paul,'  691 
Richter  Concerts,  722,  754 

Ross  and  Moore's  (Messrs.)  Pianoforte  Recital,  587 
Royal  Academy  of  Music  :  Concerts,  321,  488 
Royal  Amateur  Orchestral  Society  :  Concerts,  222,  691 
Royal  Artillery  Band  :  Concert,  453 
Royal  Choral  Society  :   '  The  Messiah,'  56 ;   Schubert's 
'  Song  of  Miriam,' '  Israel  in  Egypt,'  157  ;  Dr.  Parry's 
'  Job,'  453  ;  Grand  Commemoration  Concert,  658 
Royal  College  of  Music  :  Concerts,  423,   850;  Brahms 

"In  Memoriam  "  Concert,  787 
Royal  Opera,  Covent  Garden  : '  Faust,'  658,689; '  Romeo 
et  Juliette,'  658,  722,  787 ;  '  Tannhauser,'  658,   754  ; 
'  Aida,'   '  Les  Huguenots,'  '  Carmen,'  689  ;   '  Manon,' 
722;  'Lohengrin,'  722,  754;  '  L'Attaque  du  Moulin,' 
754;  '  La  Traviata,'  787;  '  Die  Walkiire,' '  Tristan  und 
Isolde,'  818 ;  '  Siegfried,'  State  Performance.  849 
Sarasate's  (Senor)  Concert,  819 
Sevadjian's  (M.)  Recital,  755 
Soci^te  des  Instruments  Anciens,  Concert,  755 
Sterling's  (Madame  A.)  Concert,  123 
Stock  Exchange  Orchestral  Society  :  Concert,  222 
Such's  (Mr.  H.)  Violin  Recital.  659 
Symphony  Concerts,  191,  222,  287,  320,  423, 486,  587, 624, 

658,  689,  722,  754 
Tua's  (Signora  T.)  Violin  Recital,  157 
Walenn  Chamber  Concert,  587 
Werner's  (Herr  T.)  Violin  Recital,  355 
Westminster  Orchestral  Society  :  Concerts,  453,  754 

Obituaries. 

Bazzini,  Signor  A.,  254.  Best,  Mr.,  690.  Betts,  Mrs.  P., 
223.  Brahms,  Johannes,  487,  588.  Castelmary,  M.,254. 
Grammann,  C.,  223.  Lockwood,  E.,  587.  Mancio,  F., 
223.  Smythson,  M.  A.,  26.  Sp*rk,  Dr.,  819.  Tours, 
B.,  388.    Wynne,  Madame  E.,  157 

Gossip. 

'The  Messiah 'at  the  Queen's  Hall  on  Christmas  Day, 

25 
Three  Cycles  of  '  Der  Ring  des  Nibelungen  '  at  Berlin,  56 
"  Grand  Opera,"  so  called,  in  Cape  Town,  123 
Handel's    Oratorio    'Hercules'   at    Leipzig — Schubert 

Centenary  Celebrations,  191 
Ash  Wednesday  Concerts  of  Sacred  Music,  321 
'  Fervaal '  at  the  Theatre  de  la  Monnaie,  Brussels,  388 
Good  Friday  Concerts  of  Sacred  Music,  552 
Sir  Arthur  Sullivan's  Music   to   '  Victoria  and   Merrie 

Englan  1  at  the  Alhambra,  723 
Promenade    Concerts   at    the    Earl's   Court    Victorian 

Exhibition,  787 


DRAMA. 

Reviews, 

Beesly's  (A.  H.)  Danton,  552 

Boll's  (Mrs.  H.)  Fairy  Plays  and  how  to  Act  Them,  158 

Besant's  (Sir  W.)  The  Charm,  and  other  Drawing-Room 

Plays,  158 
Brownie,  by  Misses  Sargent,  MacKenzie,  and  Woodward, 

255 
Castle's  (E.  J.)  Shakespeare,  Bacon,  Jonson,  and  Greene, 

861 
Deighton's  (K.)  The  Old  Dramatists  :  Conjectural  Read- 
ings, 755 
Dowson's  (E.)  The  Pierrot  of  the  Minute,  626 
E.  L.  M.'s  Hugo  of  Avendon,  724 
English  Historical  Plays,  arranged  by  Donovan,  255 
Henley's  Deacon  Brodie,  256  ;  Beau  Austin,  322 
Ibsen's  (H.)  John  Gabriel  Borkman,  trans,  by  Archer, 

519  ;  Gleanings  from,  edited  by  Keddill  atid  Standing, 

851 
Jones's  (H.  A.)  Michael  and  his  Lost  Angel,  519 
Martin's  (J.)  Nos  Auteure  et  Compositeurs  Dramatiques  : 

Portraits  et  Biographies,  755 
Moyes's  (Dr.  J.)  Medicine  and  Kindred  Arts  in  the  Psiys 

of  Shakespeare,  255 
New  Editions,  255 
Pailleron's  Pieces  et  Morceaux,  322 
Pollock's  (W.)  The  Charm,  and  other  Drawing-Room 

Plays,  158 
Shakspeare  :  The  Whitehall,  Vol.  VII.,  265;  Vol.  VIII., 

765  ;  Avon  Edition,  755 
Smith's  (L.  H.)  Sophocles  and  Shakspere,  192 
Sollene's  (E.)  My  Theatrical  and  Musical  Recollections, 

266 
Stevenson's  (R.  L.)  Deacon  Brodie,  255 ;  Beau  Austin, 

322 
Temple  Dramatists :  Arden  of  Fevereham,  ed.  Bayne — 

The  Two  Noble  Kinsmen,  ed.  Herford — Dr.  Faustus, 

ed.  Gollancz,  765 


Webster's  The  Duchess  of  Main,  ed.  Vaughan,  256 
Weil's  (H.)  Ktudes  sur  le  Drarae  Antique,  852 
Whitty's  (Mrs.  I.)  Short  Pl-ys  and  Charade,  15S 

Original   Papers. 
'  Iphigeneia  at  Aulis,'  819 
Theocritui  on  the  Stage,  852 

Theatres. 

Adelphi— 'All  that  Glitters  is  not  Gold '—' Black-Eyed 
8usan,'26;  Gillette's  '  Secret  Service,"  691  ;  Musset's 
'  Lorenzaccio  '  (Madame  Bernbardt's  Performances), 
820,  850 

A  venue— Huan  Mee's'A  Man  about  Town,' 56;  Home's 
'  Nelson's  Enchantress,'  254,  288 ;  Horner's  '  On 
Leave,'  552;  Lumley'B  '  Belle  Belair,'  724 

Comedy— Burnand's  '  The  Saucy  Sally,'  356  ;  Payne's 
'  Byeways,'  388 

Court— Mrs.  Beringer's  'A  Bit  of  Old  Chelsea '—Revival 
of  '  Sweet  Nancy,'  223  ;  Echegaray's  '  Mariana,'  trans- 
lated by  Graham,  288 ;  Revival  of  Pinero's  '  The 
Hobby  Horse,'  691  ;  Robertson's  '  Caste,'  788,  819 

Criterion— Robertson's  '  Society,'  124,  168;  'Rosemary. 
256;  Jones's  '  The  Physician,'  453;  'David  Garrick,' 
820 

Drury  Lane—'  Aladdin,'  26 

Gaiety—'  Trial  by  Jury,'  660 

Oarrick — Justin  Huntly  McCarthy's  'My  Friend  the 
Prince,'  254 ;  '  The  Man  in  the  8treet,'  256 

Globe— Jerome  and  Phillpotte's  '  The  Mac  Haggis,'  321  ; 
Woidville's  'Confederates,'  322,  626;  Flaxman  and 
Younge's  'Mr.  Sympkyn,'  626;  Ibsen's  '  A  Doll's 
House,'  659;  lb-en's  'Wild  Duck,'  692;  Wi  liam- 
eon's  'Queenie,'  756;  Miss  Burney's  'Settled  out 
of  Court,'  788;  Murray  and  Shine's  '  An  Irish  Gentle- 
man,' 819 

Grand— Merivale'B  '  All  for  Her,'  692 

Haymarket — Grundy's  '  A  Marriage  of  Convenience,'  788 

Her  Majesty's— Opening,  588;  Parker's  'The  Seits  of 
the  Mighty,'  625,  756  ;  Mendes's  '  The  Old  Clo'  Man,' 
659,  692 ;' Trilby,'  788;  'The  Red  Lamp,'  'The 
Ballad-Monger,'  788,  819 

Lyceum—'  Cymbeline,'  26,  158;  Wills's  '  Olivia,'  191  ; 
Revival  of  'King  Richard  III.,'  321;  Sardou  and 
Moreau's  'Madame  Sans-Gene,'  translated  by  Carr, 
519 

Zyric—Barrett's  'The  Daughters  of  Babylon,'  223;  «  The 
Manxman,'  552;  Revival  of  Knowles's  *  Virginius,'  659  ; 
'  Othello,'  724 

Olympic— Collingham's  'The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  26; 
Philips  and  Merrick's  '  The  Free  Pardon,'  191  ; 
Buchanan  and  Marlowe's 'The  Mariners  of  England,' 
356  ;  '  Hamlet,'  660 ;  '  Antony  and  Cleopatra,'  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice,'  724;  'Macbeth.'  756 

Opera  Comique — Miss  St.  Ruth's  '  The  Key  to  King  Solo- 
man's    Riches    (  Limited  ),'  Burnand's    '  Bet^y,'    26 
'  East  Lynne,'  520 

Prince  of  Wales's— ■«  A  Pierrot's  Life,'  56,  92;  Doyle's 
'Story  of  Waterloo,'  '  Pygmalion  and  Galatea,'  756 

Princess's  —  'Two  Little  Vagabonds,'  124;  Barnard's 
'  The  County  Fair,"  788  ;  '  In  Sight  of  St.  Paul's,'  852 

Royalty — Lartand  Dickinson's  '  A  Court  of  Honour,' 692; 

Mile.  Jane  May,  692,  724,  756,  788 
St.  James's—'  As  You  Like  It,'  192 ;  Stoddard's  '  Tess  of 
the  D'Urbervilles,'  322;  Pinero's  '  The  Princess  and 
the  Butterfly,'  453 
Shaftesl ur y— Woodgate  and  lerton's  '  The  Sorrows  of 

Satan,'  91 
Strand— Macdonough's  'The  Prodigal  Father,'  192: 
'My  Aunt's  Advice,'  288;  'The  Queen's  Proctor, 
552;  Trevor's  'Dr.  Johnson,'  588;  Ibsen's  'John 
Gabriel  Borkman,'  625;  Bourchier's  '  All  Alive  Oh  I  ' 
820 
Terry's — '  Love  in  Idleness ' — Mrs.  O.  Beringer's  '  Holly 
Tree  Inn,'  26  ;  '  Delicate  Ground,'  92 

Vaudeville— '  Round  a  Tree,'  158  ;  Peile's  '  Solomon's 
Twins,'  660 

Obituaries. 
Barry,  S.,  388.  Betty,  H.  W.,  256.  Buckler,  P..  6o0. 
Cardm,  Mrs.  J.,  153.  Gatti,  A.,  92.  God. rev,  O.  \V., 
520.  Jacobson.  Dr.  E,  224.  Lloyd,  Madame,  552. 
Morre,  K.,  322.  Plessy,  J.,  756.  Wolter,  C,  820. 
Younge,  W.,  56 

Gossip. 

Mr.  W.  Archer  on  the  '  Blight  of  the  Drama,'  56 

First  Night  "  Obstructionists,"  92 

The  Production  of  New  Plays  by  Syndicates,  124 

Mr.  Melford's  'Sleeping  Dogs'  at  the  New  Theatre, 
Cambridge— Balla's  Suicide  ci  the  Stage,  158 

Admiral  Field  on  'Nelson's  Enchantress,'  288 

'  Antony  and  Cleopatra  '  at  the  Queen's  Theatre,  Man- 
chester, 322 

Mr.  Pemberton's  '  Henry  Esmond '  at  the  Lyceum 
Theatre,  Edinburgh,  388 

Mr.  Bernard  Shaw's  '  The  Devil's  Disciple  '  at  the  Bijou 
Theatre,  Hammersmith,  626 


MISCELLANEA. 

•  Atys,'  The,  724 

Little  Silverhair  and  the  Three  Bears,  124,  224 

•  Prelude,  The,'  322 


THE   ATHENAEUM 

journal  of  (ZBngltei)  antr  foreign  Etterature,  detente,  tfte  &im  &rt&  Jflugtc  anfcr  tfre  Uratm 


No.  3610. 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY    2,    1897. 


PKICK 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


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to  assist  present  Chief  Proprietor  of  under-capitalized  Business 
of  honourable  standing  to  work  it  up  into  possibilities.  Excellent 
social  position.  Desirable  occupation  for  a  gentleman  of  taste  Only 
Principals  with  not  less  than  10,000(.  treated  with  —Address  Wilds 
care  of  Willings,  162,  Piccadilly,  W. 

BERKHAMSTED      GIRLS'     GRAMMAR 
SCHOOL. 
HEAD   MISTRESS   WANTED. 
Necc9sary  qualifications  :  — 

(1)  A  Certi8cate  of  proficiency  from  some  Institution  for  the  Training 
of  Teachers  in  Middle-Class  Schools ;  or 

(2)  A  Certificate  of  capacity  from  the  examining  body  of  any  Uni- 
versity within  the  United  Kingdom 

Further  particulars  to  be  obtained  on  written  application  to  mo  on 
or  before  January  31. 

B.  W.  SMURTKWAITE,  Clerk  to  Governors. 
42,  Bedford-row,  London,  W.C. 


c 


AMBRIDGE    TRAINING    COLLEGE    for 

WOMEN  TEACHERS. 
The  Council  are  about  to  appoint  TWO  LECTURERS  rl)  SENIOR 
LECTURER  Residence  and  1201.  a  year.  (2)  JUNIOR  LECTURER. 
Residence  and  001.  a  year.  The  Lecturers  must  have  Degrees  (or  an 
equivalent  Certificate  of  some  University),  and  one  ol  mem  a  com- 
petent knowledge  of  some  branch  of  Natural  Sell  BOC  1  hey  must  enter 
on  their  duties  in  SEPTEMBER,  1897 —  Application  should  be  made  by 
FEBRUARY  16th,  18tf7,  to  the  Principal,  from  whom  the  particulars 
can  be  obtained 

riWPE-WRITERS    and   CYCLES.— The  standard 

-L  makes  at  half  the  usual  prices  Machines  lent  on  hire,  also  Bought 
and  Exchanged.  Sundries  and  Repairs  to  all  Machines  Terms,  cash 
or  Instalments.  MS.  copied  from  107/  per  1 ,000  words.— N.  Taylor, 
Manager,  National  Type-Writer  Exchange  Co.,  74,  Chancery-lane 
London.  Established  1884.  Telephone  6680.  Telegrams  "  Glossator 
London." 


TYPE -WRITING. —MS.  copied  promptly  and 
accurately.      lOd.   per  1,000  words.      References  and  Samples- 
Address  Miss  M.,  18,  Moitimer-crescent,  N.W. 


TYPE-WRITING  by  CLERGYMAN'S 
DAUGHTER— Authors'  MSS.  Is  per  1.000  words.  Circulars,  &c. 
by  Copying  Process.  Author's  references.— Miss  Sikes,  West  Kensing- 
ton Type  writing  Agency,  13,  Wolverton-gardens,  Hammersmith,  W. 

DE  LUXE"  TYPE-WRITING  OFFICE, 
25,  AJmeric-road,  S.W  —  Authors'  MSS.  copied  neatly,  quickly, 
and  accurately.  10<2.  a  thousand  taken  for  quantity  or  sure  Monthly 
Accounts.    French  copied. 

'T'YPE-WRITER.— AUTHORS'  MSS.,    Plays,    Re- 

JL  views,  Literary  Articles,  Ac,  COPIED  with  accuracy  and  despatch. 
Id.  per  folio.  Manifold  or  Duplicate  Copies. — Address  Miss  E.  Tigar, 
23.  Maitland  Park-villas,  Haverstock-hill,  N.W.    Established  1884 

'TTPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.    per  folio 

JL  of  72  words.  References  to  Authors.— Miss  Gladding,  23,  Lans- 
downe-gardens,  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

nPYPE- WRITING.—  \s.  per   1,000  words.      Large 

JL  quantities  by  arrangement  Examination  Questions  Reduplicated. 
Dramatic  Work  advised  upon  (and  arranged)  by  experienced  S.M. — 
Faccit  Darlison,  88,  Iverson-road,  West  Hampstead,  N.W. 

SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.— Confidential  Secre- 
tary, Miss  PETHERBRIDGE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  staff  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 
graphers, and  Typists.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters. 
Literary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  Languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing. 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.  9.  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indexers.    Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

TO  AUTHORS.  — TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., 
however  indistinctly  written  or  intricately  revised,  COPIEE 
under  experienced  literary  guidance.  Educated  and  skilled  operators 
only.  Is.  3d.  per  1.000  wonts  if  under  5  000;  Is  per  1.000  if  over.  No 
charge  for  paper.  Specimens  and  special  terms  on  application.— Anson's 
Type-writing  Office,  63-4,  Chancery-lane,  AV.C. 

T^O  AUTHORS.— A  well-known  Firm  of  London 
Publishers  incite  Authors  (Popular  or  otherwise)  to  submit  their 
MSS.  (Fiction,  Travel,  Poetry,  Ac.)  for  prompt  consideration.— Letters 
only,  in  first  instance,  to  Publishers,  care  of  Messrs.  "Watson,  Advertis- 
ing Agents,  150,  Fleet-street,  London. 

rTHE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.      Established  1879. 

JL  Proprietor,  Mr.  A.  M.  BUROHES,  1,  Paternoster-row.  The 
interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Proposed  Agreements, 
Estimates,  and  Accounts  examined  on  behalf  of  Authors.  MSS  placed 
with  Publishers.  Transfers  carefully  conducted.  Thirty  years'  practical 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Publishing  and  Rook  Producing.  Consultation 
free. — Terms  and  testimonials  from  Leading  Authors  on  application  to 
Mr.  A.  M.  Burghes,  Authors'  Agent,  1,  Paternoster-row. 

AUTHORS  should  write  for  Prospectus  of  the 
LITERARY  AGENCY,  which  otters  special  facilities  for  Publish- 
ing the  Works  of  New  Authors  Conducted  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Leash,  late 
Manager  of  Tower  Publishing  Co.,  St.  Paul's  Chambers,  IS),  Ludgate- 
hill,  London,  EC. 

SOCIETY  of  AUTHORS.— Literary  Property. 
— The  Public  is  urgently  warned  against  answering  advertisements 
inviting  MSS.,  or  offering  to  place  MSS  ,  without  the  personal  recom- 
mendation of  a  friend  who  has  experience  of  the  advertiser  or  the 
advice  of  the  Society     By  order.    G  HERBERT  THRLNG,  Secretary. 
4.  Portugal-street.  Lincoln's  Inn,  W.C. 

N.B— The  AUTHOR,  the  organ  of  the  Society,  is  published  monthly, 
price  6d.,  by  Horace  Cox,  Bream's-buildings,  E.C. 

9,  Hart-street,  Bloomsbury,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Covent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench,  Triibner  A  Co.,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  has 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBLISHER  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Books.    Address  as  above. 

HX)     AUTHORS.— The    ROXBURGHE    PRESS, 

_L  15.  Victoria-street,  Westminster,  are  OPEN  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
in  all  Branches  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  a  view  to  Publish- 
ing in  Volume  Form.    Every  facility  for  bringing  Works  before  the 

Trade,  the  Libraries,  and  the  Reading  Fublic.  Illustrated  Catalogue 
post  free  on  application. 

WILL  all  STUDENTS  and  ADMIRERS  of 
CHARLES  DICKENS'S  WORKS  kindly  send  their  Names  and 
Addresses  to  The  Manager,  The  Roxburghe  Press,  15,  Victoria-street, 
Westminster? 


C  MITCHELL  &  CO.,  Agents  for  the  Sale  and 
•  Purchase  of  Newspaper  Properties,  undertake  Valuations  for 
Probate  or  Purchase.  Investigations,  and  Audit  of  Accounts,  Ac.  Card 
of  Terms  on  application. 

12  and  13,  Red  Lion-court,  Fleet-street,  E.C. 

K     ANDERSON   &   CO.,    Advertising  Agents, 
•        14,  COCKSPUR-STREET,  CHARING  CROSS,  8.W., 
Insert  Advertisements  in  all   Papers.   Magazines,  Ac  .  at  the  lowest 
possible  prices.     Special  terms  to  Institutions.   Schools,  Publishers, 
Manufacturers,  Ac  ,  on  application. 


pERMAN    LANGUAGE    and    LITERATURE.— 

a  J  Hundreds  of  Hon-  M  \  TIM. \  Y's  Pupils  have  obtained  the  highest 
marks  InGermanal  the  Examination!  for  Sandhurst,  Woolwich,  Stan 

College,  and  India  Civil  Service  Ti  ivntc  Lessons  in  Ton  n.  and  at  llei  r 
Hatthat's  residence,  40,  Manor-street,  Clapham  — CLASSICS  at  TRIM  I  \ 
COLLEGE,  LONDON 

ASSISTANT      SCHOOLMISTRESSES.  —  Miss 

Jl  LOUISA  RHOUOHcan  recommend  UnlversityOraduates,  Trained 
and  Certificated  High  School  Teachers.  Foreign  Teachers,  Kindergarten 
Mistresses,  Ac  —Central  Registry  for  Teachers,  25,  Craven-street, 
Charing  Cross,  W.C. 


FRANCE. —  The  ATHEN^UM  can  be 
obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMIENS.  ANTIBES.  BEAULIEU- SUR  -  MER.  BIARRITZ.  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-SUIt-MER  CALAIS.  CANNES.  DIJON.  DUN- 
KIRK, HAVRE.  LILLE,  LYONS.  MARSEILLES.  MENTONE. 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS, 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoli.  Paris. 

ST.  PAUL'S  SCHOOL.— An  EXAMINATION  for 
filling  up  VACANCIES  on  the  FOUNDATION  will  be  held  on 
JANUARY  12,  13,  14,  15,  and  Is  next —For  information  apply  to  the 
Bursar,  St.  Paul's  School,  West  Kensington,  W. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL.— An  EXAMINA- 
TION win  be  held  in  JANUARY,  1897.  TO  FILL  UP  not  less 
than  FOUR  QUEEN'S  SCHOLARSHIPS.— For  details  apply  to  The 
Head  Master,  Dean's-yard,  Westminster. 

VICTORIA  UNIVERSITY. 

THE   YORKSHIRE    COLLEGE,  LEEDS.- 

1  DEPARTMENT  of  SCIENCE.  TECHNOLOGY,  and  ARTS.  The 
NEXT  TERM  BEGINS  TUESDAY,  January  12th— Prospectus  (post 
free)  from  the  Registrar. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Paker-street,  W. 
Principal— Miss  EMILY  PENROSE. 
SESSION  1896-7. 
The  LENT  TERM  will  BEGIN  on  THURSDAY,  January  14     Courses 
in  preparation  for  all  the  Examinations  in  the  Faculties  of  Arts  and 
Science  held  by  the  University  of  London.    Special  Course  of  Scientific 
Instruction  in  Hygiene  and  Public  Health. 
Lectures  in  all  Branches  of  Higher  Education. 

Six  Laboratories  open  to  Students  for  Practical  Work.  Art  School 
open  from  10  to  4.    Students  can  reside  in  the  College 

LUCY  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 
DEPARTMENT  for  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING  in  TEACHING. 
(Recognized  by  the  Cambridge  Syndicate.) 
Head  of  the  Department-Miss  VIVIAN  THOMAS,  B.A. 
Miss  HANNAH  ROBERTSON,  B.A. 
The  SESSION  1897  BEGINS  on  JANUARY  18. 

The  Course  includes  full  preparation  for  the  Examinations  for  the 
Teaching  Diplomas  granted  by  the  Universities  of  London  and  of  Cam- 
bridge held  annually  in  December — Full  particulars  on  application  to 
Miss  Vivian  Thomas,  at  the  College 

LUCY  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  la  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  (for  Boys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad  —A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  R.  J.  Beevor,  M.A  ,  8,  Lancasfcer-place, 
Strand.  London,  W.C. 

EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs  G  ABULIAS, 
THRING  A  CO..  who.  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Boys  and  Girls,  and  successful  Tutors  in  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements— 36,  Sackville-strect,  W. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill,  Staines  —The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies  About 
40  Students  will  be  admitted  in  September.  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  In  the  Telegraph  Department— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretarv,  at  the  College. 

CTaralogncs. 

ELLIS  &  E      L      V      E     Y, 

Dealers  in  Old  and  Rare  Books,  Manuscripts,  and  Engravings. 

NEW    CATALOGUE    of    CHOICE    BOOKS    and 

MANUSCRIPTS  iNo.  81).  post  free,  Sixpence. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of   RARE  PORTRAITS   and 

PRINTS    (No.   4),  Including    a    large    COLLECTION    of 
MUSICAL  PORTRAITS,  post  free.  Threepence. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of  RARE  BOOKS  on  MUSIC 

(No.  2)  in  preparation. 

20,  New  Bond-street,  London,  W. 

THIRST    EDITIONS    of     MODERN    AUTHORS, 

J.  including  Dickens.  Thackeray.  Lever,  olnsworth;  Books  illus- 
trated by  O  and  K.  Croiksbanlt,  Phlx,  Etowlandson.  Leech,  Ac  lie 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  gale  In  Hie  World.  Cata- 
loguee  issued  and  sent  post  tree  ""  application.  Hooks  bought  — 
\\  ii  ii  ii  c  Bpxni  in,  ST,  New  Oxford  street,  London.  \\  i 

NEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  10)  now  ready.  Choice 
Engravings.  Drawings  ami  Books  Constable's  English  Land- 
scape—Turner's  Liber  BtudTorum  Drawings  bj  Turner  Trout.  Hunt, 
Cntman.  Ac— Works  by  Professor  Rusk  In     Posl  dee.  Sixpence.— Wm. 

\\     i       t,  Church-terrace.  Richmond,  Surrey 

FOREIGN    BOOKS    and     PERIODICALS 
promptlv  supplied  on  moderate  terms. 
CATALOGUES  on  application 

DULAU    &   CO     :I7.    Ml  HO  -SQUARE. 


w 


ILLIAMS      cc       NOR  GATE, 

IMPOUTT.ltS  OF  FOREIGN   HOOKS, 
14,  Henrietta  street.  Cnvenl  garden,  London  ,  SO,  Booth  Frederick- 
street,  Edinburgh  |  and  7,  Broad  Street,  oxford. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 


T  II  E     A  Til  KXvEUM 


N    3010,  Jan.  2,  '97 


ju.t  pnnllabod,  gratis  u 
pATALOGUE    of    BOA  ROB    and    VALUABLE 

\  Hooks 

Including  Americana- Crulk«hanklana -Early    Illuminated    and    Other 

Ms-   -lull    W»r    Tracls  — Drawings    o[    Portraits  —  Original    Wool 

w  .     ,     \    DaanmO,  Mi.iiinii  t  itrMl   « 


H 


OOK8  at  SB  per  oent  [id.  in  the  U.)  DISCOUNT. 


HARBISON  •  BOMS,  "'   Ball  Mall,  allow  the  above  Discount  on  all 
the  New  Christinas  and  Nee  N  .-ur  < ;  1 1 :  I 

■■  \s  nh  i lit-  exception  ol  n<»ii.s  published  at  net  prices. 
a  large  atook  t<>  seleot  front 

Former    Season s    Rooks,  suitable    lor  Village    Libraries,  at   Irom 
nl   Discount  


CHEAP  BOOKS.— THREEPENCE  DISCOUNT 
in  the  SHILLING  allowed  Irom  the  published  price  of  nearly 
all  New  Hooks,  lllbles.  Praycr-Books,  and  Annual  Volumes  Orden 
by  post  executed  bv  return  CATALOGUES  "I  Now  Hooks  and  Re- 
mainders gratis  and  postage  free.-On.asaT  A  Fi*ld,  67,  Moorgate- 
street,  London,  B.C.  

BOOKPLATES  DESIGNED  and  ENGRAVED 
in  Hest  Style  on  Wood.  Copper,  or  Steel.  Specimens  sent 
on  application.  One  shilling  each  Set,  »1j  :  (1)  Modern  Heraldic; 
C>)  Mediaval  ;  (Sj  Non  -  Heraldic  —  THOMAS  MOHI.NO,  £>•-',  High 
Holborn,  London,  W.O.     Established  \1'.'\ 

A  LEAFLET  on  BOOK-PLATES  sent  free. 

MUDIE'S 

SELECT 

LIBRARY. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  from  ONE  GUINEA  per  Annum. 


MUDIE'S  SELECT  LIBRARY. 

Books  can  be  exchanged  at  the  residences  of  Sab- 
scribers  in  London  by  the  Library  Messengers. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS  from  TWO  GUINEAS 
per  Annum. 


MUDIE'S     SELECT     LIBRARY. 

COUNTRY  SUBSCRIPTIONS  from  TWO 
GUINEAS  per  Annum. 


MUDIE'S  FOREIGN  LIBRARY. 

All  the  Best  Works  in  French,  German,  ItaliaD, 
and  Spanish  are  in  circulation. 

CATALOGUES  of  English  or  Foreign  Books, 
Is.  Qd.  each. 

Prospectuses  and  Clearance  Lists  of  Books  on  Sale, 
postage  free. 


MUDIE'S  SELECT  LIBRARY,  Limited, 
30  to  34,  NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  London. 

Branch  Offices:— 

241,  Brompton-road ;  and  48,  Queen  Victoria- street, 

E.C.  (Mansion  House  End). 

Also  10-12.  Barton  Arcade,  Manchester. 

rpHE     HANFSTAENGL     GALLERIES, 

16,  PALL  MALL  EAST 
(nearly  opposite  the  National  Gallery). 

THE  NATIONAL  GALLERY  SERIES. 

NOW  READY, 

In  PERMANENT  CARBON  PRINT,  FIFTY  REPRODUCTIONS 

Irom  PICTURES  In  the  BRITISH  SCHOOL. 

Priee  Six  Shillings  eacb. 

J.  M.  W.  TURNER. 


CONSTABLE. 

GAINSBOROUGH. 

LAWRENCE. 


LANDSEER. 
REYNOLDS. 
ROMNEY. 


HOGARTH. 

THREE    HUNDRED    SUBJECTS    Irom   the    FOREIGN    SCHOOLS 
already  issued  in  several  sizes. 

An  extensive  COLLECTION  from  CELEBRATED  WORKS  of  the 
OLD  MASTERS  in  the  principal  CONTINENTAL  GALLERIES. 

NINE  THOUSAND  REPRODUCTIONS  from  PAINTINGS  by  the 
LEADING  ARTISTS  of  the  DAY. 

CATALOGUES  POST  FREE. 


'P   II 


A  U  1  0  I   V   P  B       C  0  M  P  A  N  V 
in  VI 1 1:  THE  ATTENTION  01    u:n-i-    aUTHOBB, 
AND  t>i  BESS  TO  i  Mi. lit 

PERMANENT  PROCESSES  of  PHOTOGRAPHIC 

REFBODCCTION,  combining  great  range  Of  lone  eltirt  with 
accurate  monocln "  |ui--enlation  and  artistic  ei  pics-ion 

The  AUTOTYPE  SOLAR  or  CARBON  PRO< 

for  the  reproduction  in  permanent  pigments  of  Oil  Paintings, 
Drawings  in  Water  Colour,  Pencil,  Crajon,  Indian  Ink,  Ac. 

ACTO-GRAVURE.    The  Autotype  Company's  Pro- 

ct~s  of  Photographic  Engraving  on  Copper,  yielding  result-  re- 
sembling Mezzotint  Engravings. 
The  Company  has  successfully  reproduced  several  important  Work! 
by  this  process,  including  Portraits  I  y  Sir  J  K.  Mil!ai«.  t  R.A..  J. 
Fettle.  lt.A  ,  W  W.  Onlasi,  B  A  .  1  Boll,  B  A  ,  the  Hon  Jno  Collier, 
Sir  G  Held,  P  H  S  A  ;  also  Examples  of  Gainsborough,  Turner,  Con- 
stable, Schmalz,  Douglas,  Draper,  Ac. 

The     AUTOTYPE     MECHANICAL     PROCESS 

(Sawyer's  Collotype)  for  Hook  Illustrations  of  the  highest  class. 
Adopted  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  many  of  the 
Learned  Societies,  and  the  Leading  Publishers. 


Examples  of  Work  may  be  seen,  and  terms  and  prices  obtained,  at 

THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE-ART  GALLERY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  LONDON. 


MESSRS.  KARSLAKE  &  CO.  will  next  week 
exhibit  in  their  window  a  Series  of  Original  Drawings  by  Paul 
Braddon'  illustiating  the  HAUNTS  of  THACKERAY.— 81,  Charing 
Cross-road.  W.C. 

rpHE      AUTHOR'S      HAIRLESS      PAPER-PAD. 

J-        (The  LEADENHALL  PRESS,  Ltd.,  50,  Leadenhall-street, 
London.  E.C.) 
Contains   hairless   paper,  over  which   the   pen  slips  with    perfect 
freedom.    Sixpence  each.    5s.  per  dozen,  ruled  or  plain. 

H.  SOTHEJRAN  &  CO.  desire  to  pur- 
chase  the  following  named  Books,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  details  of  any, 
together  with  the  prices,  addressed  to 
l\0,  Strand,  W.C. 

ABBOTSFORD  CLUB.— The  Presentation  in  the  Temple. 
ANDKONICUS,  1661. 
BANISH'D  DUKE,  1640. 
BANCROFT —Sertorius. 
BANKS— Destruction  ol  Troy. 

BRITISH    MUSEUM    CATALOGUE  ol   PRINTED    BOOKS.  — Ac- 
cessions only,  or  a  Set. 
CARLELL .— Heraclius. 
CARTWKIGHT.— Heroic  Lover,  1661. 
COOK  —Love's  Triumph. 
COTTON  —Horace,  1671. 
DANCER.— Agrippa,  King  of  Alba. 
DEFOE— Robinson  Crusoe,  First  Edition. 
EDEN— The  State  of  the  Poor. 
FAN  SHAWE.— Love  for  Love's  Sake. 
FATAL  JEAI.OUSIE.1673. 
FAULKLAND— Marriage  Night,  1664. 
FEIGN'D  ASTROLOGER,  166S. 
FLEC'KNOE.— Erminia,  1661. 
GOFFE  — Selimus. 

GOLDSMITH— Vicar  of  Wakefield,  First  Edition. 
GOMBERVILLE— Polexandre. 
HALLIWELL-PHILLIPPS    PUBLICATIONS. -Any  Volumes  or 

Famphlets. 
HERRICK.— Hesperides,  1648. 
HEYWOOD— Spider  and  the  Flie,  1556. 
HOWARD.— Duke  of  Lerma. 

KEATS.— Lamia,  or  any  Works  (First  Editions)  by  Same  Author. 
KILLIGREW  (W.)  — Ormasdes— Pandora— Selindra— Siege  of  Urbin 

—  Imperial  Tragedy.    Folio,  1666. 
LOWER— Amorous  Fantasme. 
Horatius.  1656". 
Noble  Ingratitude. 
LEANERD— The  Counterfeits,  1679. 
MORE  (Sir  T.).— Works. 
MILTON— Paradise  Lost,  1667. 
NEWCASTLE  (DUCHESS  of).— Plays,  folio. 
PORDAGE— Herod  and  Mariamne. 
POWELL.— Treacherous  Brothers. 
KAVENSCROFr  —  Italian  Husband. 
RELIGIOUS  REBEL,  1671. 
ROXHURGHE  CLUB— De    Guilleville's    Pelerinagc    de    la    tie 

Humaine. 
ROYAL  SOCIETY  of  EDINBURGH  TRANSACTIONS.-A  Set,  or 

vol.  30  only. 
SAINT  CICILY,  1666 
SAUVIGNY.— Les  Dorados  de  la  Chine. 
SCUDERY—  Artamenes,  or  the  Grand  Cyrus. 
SETTLE.—  Cambyses,  1675. 

Conquest  of  China. 
Empress  of  Morocco. 
Female  Prelate 
Distressed  Innocence. 
Ambitious  Slave. 
SHAKESPEARE.— Works,  1623. 
Poems,  1640. 
SHELLEY  —Posthumous  Poems,  or  any  Volume  (First  Editions;  by 

Same  Author. 
BTEGE  of  CONSTANTINOPLE,  1675. 
sl'KNSER— Fairy  Queen,  1590-6. 
STAPLETON .— Hero  and  Leander,  166ft 
SWIN HOE.— Unhappy  Fair  Irene. 
TATE  —Loyal  General. 
TENNYSON.— 1  he  Promise  of  May. 

The  Throstle. 

The  Sailor  Boy. 

The  Lover's  laic,  Moxon,  181". 

The  Last  Tournament. 

Enid  and  Nimuc. 

The  True  and  the  False. 

Poems,  1833,  boards. 
UNGRATEFUL  FA  Vol  KITE,  1664. 
WALTON'S  Angler,  Third  Edition. 
WESTON.— Amazon  Uueen. 
Will  TAKER— Conspiracy. 


TO    INVALIDS.  — A    LIST   of   MEDICAL  MEN 

[I  part 
full   paniculais  and   terms,   wm   gratis 


In  all  parts  willing  to  HI  PATIEWTS,  giving 
— ■'-        The  list   Includes   Private 


A»jlum».  Ac      Bchools  al«o  re< ouiwended  —  Addresa  Mr.  O   B  Bunt*. 
H,  Lancaster-place.  Blrand,  W  C.  

LUJRNI8HED    APARTMENTS    in    one    of    the 

I"  rUNBRIDGB  WELLS      South  aspect. 

good  vm»    three  minutes'  walk  from  the  town  and  common     Suitable- 

i,i  month.  -\Snu  It  <.  .  in.  Clarenionuroa:  \  eUa. 


<Salts  bj  Ruction. 

FRIDA  F  M-S  I . 
Photographic  Apparatus— Lanterns  and  Slides— ScitnUju:  In- 
struments—Eleclricals— awl  a  quantity  (f  Household  furni- 
ture, the  J'roptrt;/  "fa  Genileinan,  deceased. 

MR.  J.  0.    STEVENS  will   SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION  at  hie  Greet  Boonu   H    K:uf»-  garden, 

onFRXDAl    MEXT,  January  t).  at  half- past  l.'o  clock  precisely 

On  >ie«  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Kale,  and  catalogues, 
had. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE.  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following  SALES 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Rooms  King-street,  Bt  James  s-square,  the 
Sales  commencing  at  1  o  clock  precisely  — 

On  WEDNESDAY,  January  6.  ETCHINGS  and 

ENGRAVINGS. 

On  THURSDAY,  January  7.  and  Following  Day, 

OBJECTS  ol  ART  and  DECORA  I IVI.  n  RN1TURE.  the  Property  of  a 
LADY,  deceased 

On  FRIDAY,  January  8,  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 

DECORATION,  from  numerous  Private  Sources. 

On    SATURDAY,    January    9,    PICTURES    by 

OLD  MASTERS,  from  numerous  Private  Sources. 


The  Collection  of  Armour  and  Arms  of  H err  ZSCHJLLE. 

MESSRS.    CHRISTIE.     MANSON     U    WOODS 
respeetfuUy  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION    at 
their  Great  Rooms.   King-street    Si     James g-agnaff ■    on   WJNDA.T. 

Januarv  26,  and  Four  Following  Days  and  on  M iMM  V  Tehran I  at 
1  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  I  OLLECTION  of  AHMOIR.  ABMS, 
and  EQUIPMENTS  Ol  Herr  ZSCHILLE,  comprising  a  very  complete 
Series  of  Swords  from  the  Thirteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Century- 
choice  examples  of  Heavy  Fighting  Swords,  Foining  Estocs.  Landj-recht 
Swords  Rapiers,  and  Dress  Swords  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  including  an  Italian  Sword  of  the  early  part  of  the 
Sixteenth  Century,  chiselled  and  gilt  Bronze  Hill,  and  engraved  Calendar 
Blade— a  verv  fine  Rapier  of  the  end  of  Hie  Sixteenth  Century,  chiselled 
and  damascened  with  Gold  and  Silver— Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Century 
Daggers-Stilettos—  Venetian  Cinquedeas  includinga  very  fine  example 
with  cngiaved  and  gilt  Blade  and  Cuir  Houilli  Scabbard,  by  Ercolo  da 
Fideli-Helmets  from  the  Fifteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Ceniunes-Close- 
Helmets  — Salades  —  Tournament  Helmets— Engraved  and  Embossed 
Morions- an  Embossed  Casque  of  Classical  Form,  damascened  and 
plated  with  Gold  and  Silver-Breast  Plates  of  various  period a- 
uauntlets  and  Tilting  Pieces-Pavis-Shiclds  and  Hondache-Painted 
Tournament  and  Arches  Shields-a  Circular  Rondache  of  Blued  steel 
damascened  with  Allegorical  Subjects  in  Gold  and  Sliver- 1  ifieenth 
and  Sixteenth  Century  Halberds,  Guisarmes,  Spetums  \  oulges,  and 
Glaves,  many  finely  engraved  with  Family  Arms- Crossbows  and 
Arbalests  of  fine  quality-Guns,  Rities.  and  Pistols  by  Celebrated  Makers 
—Hor'e  Armour  Bits,  and  Saddles,  including  a  Carved  Stags  Horn, 
Saddle  of  the  end  of  the  Fourteenth  Century— Boar  Spears- Hunting 
Swords-and  Two  Hunting  Horns  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Centuries  Most  of  the  preceding  objects  have  been  purchased  from 
the  Londesborough.  Mevnck,  De  Cosson.  Gimpel,  and  other  celebrated 
Collections  The  whole  ol  the  Collection  was  exhibited  at  the  Chicago 
Exhibition,  and  part  of  the  Collection  at  the  Imperial  Institute. 

Catalogues  may  be  had,  price  Sixpence  i  Illustrated  Catalogues,  price 
Hall  a  (iumea. 


FAIRFIELD,  LIVERPOOL. 

By  Order  of  the  Executors  of  the  late  JAMES  HAR  VEY,  Etq. 

13,  HOLLY-ROAD. 

MONDAY,  January  11,  and  Following  Days,  commencing- 

each  day  at  11  o'clock. 

THOMAS  WHITEHEAD  &  SONS  respectfully 
announce  that  they  are  instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION .at  the 
Residence  as  above  the  whole  of  the  excellent  and  sulwtantial  Hoi  st- 
Hol  D  FURNITURE  two  fine-toned  Cottage  Pianofortes,  the  extensive 
LIBRARY  of  RARE  HOOKS,  of  upwards  of  10000  volumes,  covering 
even  Important  branch  of  scientific  and  literary  research  and 
imiuirv  and  comprising  many  Works  of  Theology.  Morality,  and  Meta- 
physics-Natural Philosophy— Astronomy  and  Meteorology-Medicine. 
Suigerv  Anatoniv,  and  Physiology —  Chemistry-Natural  History  ol 
Man  and  the  Lower  Animals-Conchologv-Botany  and  Vegetable  Phy- 
siology—Agriculture  and  Gardening— the  Microscope— General  History 
and  Chronology— Wars.  Rebellions,  and  Mutinies  — Biography— Anti- 
quities-Topography—Geography— Voyages  and  Travels— Politics— Law 
and  Jurisprudence  — Political  Economy  and  Commerce  —  Language. 
Lo-ic  and  Rhetoric-Education-Tales. Novels,  and  Romances-Poetry  — 
the"  Drama-Gastronomy-Cookery-Table-Talk-Painting  -  Engraving 
—  Sculpture  — Music  — Engineering— Games-and  Miscellaneous  The 
following  is  a  brief  selection  from  the  names  of  authors —lardner, 
Faradav  Cavallo.  Thomson,  Reichembach.  Arnold,  Bacon,  Whewell. 
Humboldt.  Herschel.  Licbig.  Huxley.  Miiller,  Wohler.  £r"s<,n'n»: 
Daw  Tvndall.  Aristotle,  Beckstein.  Bewick  (British  Birds  and 
Quadrupeds),  Burton.  Lane  (Arabian  Nights).  Lyell.  1  harles  Y> aterton, 
Wvville  Thomson.  Mantell.W. Cobbett.  Hunsen.  Robertson.  Rawlinson. 
Boswell  Frolesart  , chronicles  of  England,  France,  and  Spain).  Guir.ot, 
Harriet  Ma.tnuau.  J.  R.  Green.  Hallam  Napier,  Michelet,  \  oltaire. 
Burke  Carlyle  SYashington  Irving,  Lanfrey  (Fall  of  Napoleon )  Pres- 
COtt  Rankc  (The  Popes),  Hommerson.  Montesquieu.  Gibbon  'Koman 
Empire .  Soulhev,  Swift,  Jerrold.  Jerdan.  Scott,  Basil  Hal  .  Mitford, 
smiles.  Glcig.  Bedc.  Lacroix  Middle  Ages)  Dr.  W  Smuh.  Maury. 
Captain  Coot.  Barth.  Turner,  Bryant.  Bartlett  Roberts.  Dr  ("arus. 
Fonblanqne,  lturnand.  Captain  Becchey.  Pirn.  Bonomi.  Sir  s  Baker. 
iuirckhar.it.  Drake.  Dr  w8olf.  Trollope.  1-arry.  Babbage  Leigh  Hunt. 
O  Cruikshank.  C.  Dickens,  R.  Chambers.  Holmes  (Autocrat  of  the 
Breakfast  Table),  C.  Lever,  Jules  Verne.  Washington  Irving.  Smollett. 
Dumas  Disraeli.  James.  Ouida.  DorC.  Boccacio  (Decameron  i.  Defoe 
Works  of),  southey,  Max  O'Rell.  Bret  Harte.  Mark  Twain,  \icior 
Hugo  Harrison  Ainsworth.  Erckmann-Chatrian.  Marryat.  G.  Meredith, 
KlnTreley  Addison.  Blomflcld,  Goldsmith  (Poems,  illustrated  by  Bewick), 
Bdwln  Arnold,  RossetU,  Oaslan,  Milton.  Pope,  lennyson  Fenc  on 
Wordsworth  Hume.  Lytton,  Dean.  Herodotus  Josephus  Martial, 
Plutarch.  Pindar,  the  Latin  and  Greek  Classics,  the  English  l  lassies. 
Ac  A  considerable  number  of  rare  Old  Folios,  some  in  vellum-fine 
Old  Illustrated  Bil.les-and  a  valuable  Old  Miliary ,  Ordnance i  Map ,01 
Trance  in  02  volumes,  which  the  late  Count  Von  Moltkc  made  an  effort 
to  secure  just  before  the  outbreak  of  the  Franco-German  war. 

Also  SILVER  and  SILVER-PLATED  GOODS  -  Gold  and  Silver 
Watches-a  fine  collection  of  Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals— 
Scientific  Instruments- valuable  Microscope- and  Spoetroscopes-costly 
Microscopic  Cabinet,  fitted  with  sliding  drawers,  containing  numerous 
Natural  lEstorj  Slides  Ol  special  interest  and  iW^jfr"''  .^"U"? 
and  Water-colour  Drawings  by  G  Sholders.  J  Deffell  Franfois,  F.  J. 
Rallton,  J.  Callow,  George  Cruikshank,  and  other  Masters 

The  BOOKS  will  be  SOLD  on  MONDAY  and  TUESDAY.  January  11 
and  12. 

On  view  on  Friday  and  Saturday.  January  8  and  iVfrom^ W .  to  1 Tour 
and  on  the  mornings  of  Sale,  when  Catalogues  may  be  obtaine..  at  the 
residence,  or  earlier  on  application  to  the  Avctio.neebs,  67,  Hanover- 
street,  Liverpool.    Telephone  133s). 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


WILLIS'S  ROOMS,  KING-STREET,  ST.  JAMES'S-SQUARE, 
LONDON,  S.W. 

An  interesting  Collection  of  Old  Highland  Weapons  and  Arms — 
Pictures — Drawings— Proof  Engravings — a  Library  of  about 
1,000  Volumes  of  Books — Clocks — Bronzes — and  Decorative 
Property,  formerly  the  Property  of  the  late  Col.  GOItHON 
CAMPBELL,  of  Glenlgon  aud  Troup,  N.B.,  from  whence 
the  major  portion  of  the  Property  was  removed  some  few 
years  since. 

MESSRS.  EOBINSON  &  FISHER  are  favoured 
with  instructions  to  SELL,  at  their  Rooms,  as  above,  on  WED- 
NESDAY, January  6,  and  Following  Dav,  at  1  o'clock  precisely  each  day, 
FURNITURE  and  EFFECTS  —  Weapons  —  Arms  —  Pictures—  Water- 
Colour  Drawings— tine  Proof  F.ngravings— Books— and  Portraits,  many 
of  the  Articles  relating  to  the  1745  Rising  connected  with  the  Campbells, 
Drummonds,  Grants,  Dalrymples,  Bngstocks,  and  other  Highland 
Families. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior,  and  Catalogues  had. 

BLACKWOOD'S  MAGAZINE. 

No.  975     JANUARY.  1897.     2s.  6J. 
Contents. 
The  GREAT  SIBERIAN  IRON  ROAD.    By  J.  Y.  Simpson.    With  Map. 
TWENTY  YEARS  of  REVIEWING.    By  Professor  Saintsbury. 
HALCYON  DAYS.    By  the  Author  of  '  Mona  Maclean.' 
A  SOLDIER'S  CHRONICLE.     By  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell. 
DARIEL:  a  Romance  of  Surrey.    By  R.  I).  Blackmore. 
The  REGISTRATION  of  WOMEN  TEACHERS. 
The  BISHOP'S  PLOT.    By  Andrew  Lang. 
"JO  REGGELT!  "    A  Hungarian  Love-Story. 
The  PSYCHOLOGY  of  FEMINISM.    By  Hugh  E.  M.  Stuttield. 
IS  IRELAND  REALLY  OVERTAXED? 
The  LAND  of  SUSPENSE  :  a  Story  of  the  Seen  and  Unseen. 
A  FRESH  START. 

"William  Blackwood  &  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London. 

Monthly,  price  Half-a-Crown. 

THE      CONTEMPORARY      REVIEW. 


Contents  for  JANUARY. 
The  POLITICAL  NEW  YEAR     By  E  J    Dillon. 

ARMENIA  and  the  FORWARD  MOVEMENT.    By  G.  W.  E.  Russell. 
The  PAPAL  BULL.    By  Sydney  F.  Smith,  S.J. 
RELIGION  and  ART.    By  W.  Hoi  man  Hunt. 
The  COMMERCIAL  EXPANSION  of  JAPAN.    By  H.  Tennant. 
ETHICS  and  LITERATURE.    By  Julia  Wedgwood. 
RECENT  DISCOVERIES  in  BABYLONIA.    By  A.  H.  Sayce. 
The  SOLDIER  and  his  MASTERS. 

CHARITY  ORGANISATION  ;  a  Reply.    By  H.  and  B.  Bosanquet. 
ERYTHREA.    By  W.  L.  Alden. 
BACTERIA  and  BUTTER.    By  G.  Clarke  Nuttall. 

The  SYREAN  MASSACRES  :   a  Parallel  and  a  Contrast.    By  William 
Wright,  D.D. 

MONEY  and  INVESTMENTS. 

London  :  Isbister  &  Co.,  Limited,  Covent-garden,  W.U. 


T 


HE  EXPOSITOR. 

Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  ROBERTSON  NICOLL,  MA.  LL  D. 

Price  One  Shilling. 

Now  ready  for  JANUARY". 

THE  NEW  VOLUME  COMMENCES  WITH  THIS  NUMBER. 

Contents. 

1.  "The  MIND  of  the  MASTER."    By  the  Right  Rev.  G  A.  Chadwick, 

D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Derry  and  Raphoe. 

2.  CHRIST'S  ATTITUDE  to  HIS  OWN  DEATH.     By  the  Rev    A.  M. 

Falrbalrn.  D.D.  LL.D.,  Principal  of  Mansfield  College,  Oxford. 

3.  CHRISTIAN  PERFECTION.     1.  The  Word  "Perfect"  in  the  New 

Testament.    By  the  Rev.  Joseph  Agar  Beet,  D.I). 

4.  NOTES   on    OBSCURE    PASSAGES    of   the    PROPHETS.      By  the 

Rev.  Professor  T.  K.  C'heyne,  D.D  ,  Oxford. 
6.  ST.  JOHN'S    VIEWr    of   the    SABBATH    REST.      By  the  Rev    G. 
Matheson,  MA.  D.D.  F.R  8.E. 

6.  The    LINGUISTIC    HISTORY    of    the    OLD    TESTAMENT,    and 

MAURICE    VERNE'S    DATING    of    the    DOCUMENTS.      By  the 
Rev.  Professor  E.  Konig,  D  1)  ,  Rostock. 

7.  ON    DR.    SCHURERS    REPLY.      By    Professor   W.    M.    Ramsay. 

D.C.L.  LLD.  " 

8.  The  PRIEST  of  PENITENCE.     By  E.   N.  Bennett,  MA,  Hertford 

College,  Oxford. 

NOTE  on  the  MEANING  of  the  WORD   aiwviog.     Tty  the  Rev. 
J.  H.  Wilkinson,  M.A. 

London  :  Hodder  &  Stoughton,  27,  Paternoster-row. 


T 


HE       ATLANTIC      MONTHLY. 

DEVOTED    TO 

LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  ART.  AND  POLITICS. 
Price  One  Shilling  net.    JANUARY,  1897. 
Contents. 
The  Story  of  an  Untold  Love      1-7      Paul  Leicester  Ford. 
A  Century  of  Social  Betterment.    John  Bach  McMaster. 
Emerson,  Sixty  Years  After.    I,    John  Jav  Chapman. 
The  House  of  the  Silent  Years.    Li/.ctte  Wood  worth  Reese 
Dominant.  Forces  in  southern  Life      w    P.Trent. 
Cheerful  Yesterdays.    III.    Thomax  Wentworth  Higginson 
Memorials  of  American  Authors     Joseph  Edgar  Chamberlin 
The  Juggler.    IV     Charles  Egbert  Craddock. 
Park-making  as  a  National  Art     Mai  y  Caroline  Robbins. 
A  Convent  Man-Servant      Mary  HartwelJ  Catherwood. 
James  Lane  Allen      Edith  Baker  Brown 
The  Poetry  of  Rudyard  Kipling.    Charles  Eliot  Norton. 
Mi   Bodkin's  Political  Writings 
Men  and  Letters  — 

Verbal  Magic.    Bradford  Torrev. 

Upon  a  Missing  Word     Owen  VVister. 

Conversations  with  Mr.  Lowell. 
Comment  on  New  Books. 
The  Contributors'  Club  -Out  of  the  Frozen  North— Imagination 

and  Courage— The    Idealist  and    her  Victim— The    Arcadian 

Mixture— A  Farce  In  Little 

London     Gay  &  Bird,  22,  Bedford-street,  W.C. 


JOURNAL  of  the  INSTITUTE  of  ACTUARIES. 

W  No.  CLXXXIV.    JANUARY,  1897.    Price  2s.  6d. 

Contents. 

Opening  Address  by  the  President,  Mr  T  K  Young,  on  the  Nature  and 
History  of  Actuarial  Work  as  exemplifying  the  Mode  of  Develop- 
ment and  the  Methods  of  Scion  e 

Mr,  Thomas  G.  Ackland  on  d  j  An  Investigation  of  some  of  the  Methods 
for  De'lurlng  the  Rates  of  Mortality,  and  of  Withdrawal  in  >  eai  s 
"I  Duration  ,  with  (2)  the  application  of  such  Methods  to  the  Com- 
putation of  the  Rates  experienced,  and  the  Special  Benefits  granted 
by  Clerks'  Associations  (Concluded).     With  Discussion 

I  he  Institute  of  Actuaries. 

Loudon  :  C.  &  E.  Layton,  Farrlngdon-strcet. 


HHE      NINETEENTH 
L  for  JANUARY 


CENTURY 


COMMENCES  A  NEW  VOLUME. 

The    RECENT    PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTION.      By  the  Right  Hon. 

Leonard  Courtney,  M.P. 
The  LIBERAL  LEADERSHIP.    By  the  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Guinness  Rogers. 
NURSES  A  LA  MODE.    By  Lady  Priestley. 
The  BURIAL  SERVICE.    By  Professor  St.  George  Mivart. 
The  VERDICT  on  the  BARRACK  SCHOOLS.    By  Mrs.  S.  A.  Barnett. 
The  FRENCH  in  MADAGASCAR.    By  the  Rev.  F.  A.  Gregory. 
A  NOTE  on  the  ETHICS   of  LITERARY   FORGERY.     By  the  Hon. 

Emily  Lawless 
The  DAME  de  CHATEAUBRIANT.    By  the  Count  de  Calonne. 
IRELAND  and  the  NEXT  SESSION.    By  J.  E.  Redmond,  M.P. 
The    EDUCATIONAL   PEACE    of   SCOTLAND.      By    Thomas    Shaw, 

Q.C.  MP. 
ENGLISH    ENTERPRISE    in    PERSIA.      By    Francis    Edward    Crow 

(British  Vice-consul  at  Teheran). 
The  MARCH  of  the  ADVERTISER.    By  H,  J.  Palmer  (Editor  of  the 

Yorkshire  Post). 
NAPOLEON  on  HIMSELF.    By  G.  Barnett  Smith. 
FRENCH  NAVAL  POLICY  in  PEACE  and  WAR.    By  Major  Charles  a 

Court. 
MR.    G.    F.    WATTS,    R.A.  :    his  Art    and    his    Mission.      By  M.    H. 

Spielmann. 

London  :  Sampson  Low,  Marston  &  Co  ,  Ltd. 


REVIEW 


THE      FORTNIGHTLY 

-L  for  JANUARY 

COMMENCES  A  NEW   VOLUME, 

AND   CONTAINS 

DR  CORNELIUS  HERZ  and  the  FRENCH  REPUBLIC.  By  Sir  E.  J. 
Reed,  K.C  B.  F.R.S. 

The  BLIGHT  on  the  DRAMA.    By  William  Archer. 

The  POSITION  of  MR.  RHODES.     By  Imperialist. 

A  VISIT  to  ANDORRA.    By  Harold  Spender. 

The  NEW  REALISM.    By  H.  IX  Traill. 

DEPRECIATOES  of  the  NATION.    By  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Meath. 

A  GENERAL  VOLUNTARY  TRAINING  to  ARMS  versus  CONSCRIP- 
TION. Kv  Lieut.-General  Sir  Henry  Havelock-Allan,  Bart.,  V.C. 
K.C.B.,  M.P. 

MARINE  GARRISONS  for  NAVAL  BASES.  By  Major  F.  C.  Ornisby- 
Johnson. 

A  BRILLIANT  IRISH  NOVELIST.    By  G.  Barnett-Smith. 

The  EFFICIENCY  of  VOLUNTARY  SCHOOLS.  By  the  Right  Rev. 
the  Bishop  of  Ripon. 

DR.  CARL  PETERS.    By  Edith  Sellars. 

OLD  GUNS  and  their  OWNERS     By  a  Son  of  the  Marshes. 

MR.  McKINLEY'S  OPPORTUNITY.    By  J.  L.  Whittle 

MR.  HERBERT  SPENCER  and  PROF.  E.  RAY"  LA.NKESTER. 


C 


HAP    MAN'S  MAGAZINE 

for  JANUARY 
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GOLD    MEDAL,    LONDON,    1896. 


ART. 
MEISSONIER :  his  Life  and  his  Art. 

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MR.  HEINEMANN  has  pleasure  in  announcing  the  publication  on  January  6  of  MR.  ARCHER' ]S  English 
Translation  of  IBSEN'S  New  Play,  JOHN  GABRIEL  B0RKMAN.  A  peculiar  interest 
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work,  l  Little  Eyolf  .^__ 

London:  WM.  HEINEMANN,  21,  Bedford-street,  W.C. 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


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3.  HEROES    and   HERO    WORSHIP.     By  Thomas 

CARLYLE.    With  an  Introduction  by  EDMUND  GOSSE. 

4.  PROMETHEUS    BOUND,  and  other  Poems.     By 

With    an    Introduction    by   ALICE 


ELIZABETH    BAHHETT    BROWNING. 
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PAST    and    PRESENT.     By  Thomas  Carlyle.    With 

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SPINDLES    and    OARS.     By   Annie  E.  Holdsworth, 

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The  QUEEN  of  NIGHT.    By  Headon  Hill,  Author  of 

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BY  WILLIAM  LE  QUEUX. 

A  SECRET  SERVICE.    By  William  Le  Queux,  Author 

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BY  THOMAS  HENEY. 

The    GIRL    at    BIRRELL'S. 

T.  S.  C.  Crowther. 


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BY  FERGUS  HUME. 

The   DWARF'S    CHAMBER,   and  other  Stories.     By 

FERGUS  HUME,  Author  of  '  The  Mystery  of  a  Hansom  Cab.' 

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to  the  other." — Bookman. 

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The  CRIME  of  the  'LIZA  JANE. 


BY  CONAN  DOYLE. 


A  STUDY  in  SCARLET. 


BY  J.  E.  MUDDOCK. 

STORMLIGHT ;  or,  the  Nihilist's  Doom. 


BY  JOSEPH  HOCKING. 

FIELDS  of  FAIR  RENOWN.     With  Frontispiece  and 

Vignette  by  J.  Barnard  Davis. 

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theme  is  worked  out  with  a  good  deal  of  force  and  effective  power It  is  both  interesting 

and  powerful." — Scotsman. 


ALL  MEN  ARE  LIARS. 

The  STORY  of  ANDREW  FAIRFAX. 

JABKZ  EASTERBROOK. 


ZILLAH. 

ISHMAEL  PENGKLLY. 

The  MONK  of  MAR-SABA. 


BY  BERTRAM  MITFORD. 

The  EXPIATION  of  WYNNE  PALLISER.    By  Bertram 

Illustrations   by  Stanley  L. 


MITFORD, 
Wood. 


Author  of  'The  Gun  Runners,'  &c.     Willi 


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6 


T  II  E    A  Til  kwi:  I'  M 


N  3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


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Sketch 
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N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY  2,  1891 


CONTENTS. 

Mr.  Henley's  Byron 

Eighteenth  Century  Vignettes  ...       ...       ... 

A  Book  on  Demonology      

Early  Records  of  the  Inner  Trmple  

An  Introduction  to  the  History  of  Religion 

New  Novels  (The  Betrayal  of  J.hn  Fordham  ;  The 
Home  for  Failures;  The  Red  Scaur;  Gods  of  Gold  ; 
A  Venetian  Love  Story  ;  A  Lonely  Girl ;  A  Proctor's 
Wooing  ;  Stella's  Story) 12 

Two  Books  about  Japan      

Books  for  the  Young „'. 

Scottish  Stories "-. 

Bibliography 

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books      ...        ... 

The  Hkad  Masters'  Conference;  General  Mere- 
dith Read,  F.S.A.;  A  Hibliography  of  tub 
Writings  of  Robert  Browning;  The  English 
Translation  of  Prof.  Waspeko's  'Struggle  of 
the  Nations  '        16. 

Literary  Gossip         ...        .',, 

Science— Problems  of  Biology;  Societies  ;  Meet- 
ings; Gossip  20 

Fine  Arts— The  Communion  Plate  of  the  County 
of  London;  Annuals;  Peterborough  Cathe- 
dral; The  Raeburn  Byron;  The  New  Gallery; 
Notes  from  Athens  ;  Gossip 21- 

Music-Sir  Charles  Halle;  The  Incorporated 
Society  of  Musicians;  Gossip;  Performances 
Next  Week  25- 

Drama— The  Week;  Gossip 


PACJB 

7 

x 

0 

10 

11 


-21 


-24 


LITERATURE 


The  Works  of  Lord  Byron.  Edited  by  "Wil- 
liam Ernest  Henley.—  Letters,  180^.-1813. 
(Heinemann.) 

There  is  plenty  of  work  for  two  or  three 
competent  editors  to  do  during  the  next 
few  years  for  the  text  of  Byron's  writings 
and  the  elucidation  and  illustration  of 
his  poetry  and  prose ;  but  it  is  not 
quite  clear  that  Mr.  Henley  and  his 
publisher  have  been  well  advised  in  en- 
tering upon  so  serious  an  undertaking  as 
an  edition  of  all  Byron's  writings  available 
for  their  use,  prose  and  verse,  just  when  the 
public  has  become  sufficiently  alive  again  to 
the  importance  of  Byron  to  be  greatly  in- 
terested in  the  question,  "What  will  Mr. 
Murray  and  Lord  Lovelace  do  in  the  finai 
edition  of  the  poetry  which  they  are  said  to 
have  in  hand  ?  "  It  is  beyond  question  that 
a  very  heavy  labour  of  minute  research, 
requiring  great  judgment  and  experience, 
awaits  the  man  who  is  to  deal  worthily  with 
the  family  archives  and  the  masses  of  mate- 
rial stored  at  Albemarle  Street  in  connexion 
with  the  poetry  alone.  An  expert  and  a  critic 
in  one  is,  however,  needed  for  the  work,  if 
it  is  to  be  done  properly.  Mr.  Henley,  so 
far  as  elucidation  and  illustration  are  con- 
cerned, has  an  open  field  and  is  fully 
equipped.  The  copyright  of  Moore's  con- 
tributions of  material  by  or  about  Byron  is 
extinct,  as  is  that  of  a  vast  number  of  Byron 
books  of  more  or  less  consequence  ;  but  the 
proper  settlement  of  the  text  is  hampered  by 
restrictions  that  an  editor  must  either  ignore 
and  leave  his  work  imperfect,  flout  and  risk 
a  lawsuit,  or  arrange  with  constituted 
authorities. 

Mr.  Henley  in  his  preface  says  that  his 
edition  of  Byron's  prose  will  be  "divided 
into  (1)  Letters;  (2)  Journals  and  Memo- 
randa; and  (3)  Miscellanies— as  tho  epistle 
to  Roberts,  the  'Vampire'  fragment,  the 
'Observations  upon  "Observations,"'  and 
the  like."  The  text  is  stated  to  be  "re- 
printed from  Moore,  from  Dallas,  Leigh 
Hunt,  J.  T.  Hodgson,  and  the  rest,"  and 
all  Mr.  Henley  seems  to  claim  for  his  edition 
is  that,  "  incomplete  as  probably  it  is,  it 
is  practically  the  first  reissue  on  novel  and 
peculiar  lines   which   has   been    attomptod 


for  close  on  seventy  years."  The  first 
instalment  is  a  thick  volume  of  490  pages, 
of  which  290  are  devoted  to  the  text  of 
certain  letters  written  by  Byron  to  various 
correspondents  during  the  years  from  1804 
to  1813.  Most  of  the  remainder  is  devoted 
to  the  annotation  of  the  same.  The  letters 
themselves  are  in  a  clear  and  readable 
type  ;  but  the  comment  is  printed  in  too 
small  a  size  for  comfort  even  to  unimpaired 
eyesight.  Indeed,  although  this  comment 
is  but  a  pot  pourri,  it  is  like  the  best  pots 
pourris,  well  spiced,  and  deserved  a  better 
treatment  at  the  printer's  hands. 

The  letters  printed  by  Moore  are  here 
given  without  the  interruption  of  Moore's 
setting;  but  of  that  setting  a  great  deal 
is  retained,  mixed  up  with  other  ex- 
tracts, in  Mr.  Henley's  notes.  There  is 
astonishingly  little  in  the  letters  them- 
selves with  which  the  Byron  reader  is 
not  already  familiar,  for  by  "Dallas, 
Leigh  Hunt,  J.  T.  Hodgson,  and  the  rest," 
we  are  to  understand  that  Mr.  Henley  has 
been  digging  (1)  in  those  three  rich  volumes* 
which  the  Eev.  A.  E.  C.  Dallas  published 
in  Paris  in  1825,  being  restrained  by  an 
injunction  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  from 
publishing  the  work  in  England  ;  (2)  in 
'Lord  Byron  and  some  of  his  Contem- 
poraries,' published  by  Leigh  Hunt  in 
1828  ;  and  (3)  in  the  'Memoir  of  the  Eev. 
Francis  Hodgson,  B.D.,  Scholar,  Poet,  and 
Divine,  with  Numerous  Letters  from  Lord 
Byron  and  Others,'  two  volumes,  which 
Hodgson's  son,  the  Eev.  J.  T.  Hodgson, 
published  through  Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co. 
no  longer  ago  than  1878. 

Letters  No.  51  and  No.  52  read  a  little 
unfamiliarly,  and  we  find  from  an  un- 
obtrusive note  at  p.  333  that  "certain 
sentences"  are  "here  restored  from  the 
originals  in  Mr.  Alfred  Morrison's  Collec- 
tion of  Autographs."  This  is  a  somewhat 
provoking  confession,  because  if  Mr.  Henley 
was  able  to  arrange  with  the  proprietors  of 
the  copyright  for  power  to  avail  himself  of 
an  autograph  collector's  courtesy  in  respect 
of  these  two  letters,  why,  one  wonders, 
could  not  similar  arrangements  have  been 
made  as  to  other  letters  of  which  the  holo- 
graphs are  extant  and  the  printed  text  is 
lamentably  defective  through  omission  and 
manipulation  ? 

However,  this  instalment  of  the  text  of 
Byron's  letters  must  not  be  taken  too 
seriously.  Mr.  Henley's  notes,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  of  really  sterling  value,  for 
they  are  full  of  brilliant  pictures  and  marked 
by  praiseworthy  erudition.  So  far  as  they 
are  gathered  from  "Moore,  Leigh  Hunt, 
J.  T.  Hodgson,  and  the  rest,"  there  is  too 
great  a  proneness  to  break  off  in  the  middle 
of  an  extract  with  an  impatient  "  &c,"  as 
if  the  condescension  of  quoting  at  all  were 
a  great  strain  upon  our  commentator.  The 
whole  series  of  these  notes  would  not  ex- 
actly make  a  book  ;  but  it  would  be  an 
agreeable   experiment    to    try    what    good 

*  The  title,  which  tells  a  tale  essential  to  be  known,  is  as 
follows:  "Correspondence  of  Lord  Byron  with  a  Friend, 
including  hj8  Letters  to  his  Mother,  written  from  Portugal,' 
Spain,  Greece,  and  the  Shores  of  the  Mediterranean  In  1809, 
ikio,  and  1811.    Also  Recolleotloni  of  i  lie  Poet,     By  the  late 

R.  O.  Dallas,  Kn<|      The  Whole  forming  an  Original  Memoir 

of  Lord  Byron'a  Life,  from  1808  to  lsi  i.  And  a  Continuation 

and  Preliminary  Statement  of  the  Proceedings  by  which  the 
Letter*   were   suppressed    in    England    at,   the   Suit    of    Lord 

Byron  s  Executors.    By  the  Bev.  A.  R.  0    Dallas     [8  vols. 

I'-'nio.l      Paris,    published    by    A.    k    W.    Oalignani,    at    the 

English,   French,   Italian,  German,  and  Spanish   Library. 
18,  Rue  Vivii-niic,  1836." 


reading  they  would  make  if  printed  with 
due  elimination  and  revision,  in  bold  type, 
in  a  handy  volume  apart.  The  brief  studies 
or  memoirs  of  the  many  men  and  women 
forming  the  Byron  circle,  or  mentioned  by 
him  to  his  several  correspondents,  are  as 
graphic  and  well  compacted  as  need  be; 
and  we  would  commend  specially  to  the 
reader's  attention  those  on  Dallas  (p.  309), 
Harness  (p.  311),  Jackson  the  pugilist 
(p.  316),  Francis  Hodgson  (p.  319),  Hob- 
house  (p.  321),  Augusta  Leigh  (p.  364), 
Moore  (p.  378),  Southey  (p.  388),  Gait 
(p.  402),  the  Countess  of  Jersey  (p.  403), 
Lady  Caroline  Lamb  (p.  407),  Scott  (p.  415), 
and  Eogers  (p.  433).  That  on  Leigh  Hunt 
(p.  435)  shows  too  much  animus  even  for 
the  purposes  of  Mr.  Henley's  obvious 
"hero-worship"  for  Byron.  Indeed,  im- 
partiality is  not  to  be  reckoned  among  Mr. 
Henley's  foibles ;  he  is  a  good  honest 
hater,  and  his  Byron  worship  is  somewhat 
of  that  curious  strain  which  excludes  not 
only  Byron's  enemies,  but  his  opposites— 
as  Shelley.  In  fact,  his  notes,  in  spite  of 
their  brilliant  qualities,  are  by  no  means 
free  from  faults  and  flaws.  "We  mention  a 
few  points  which  have  struck  us  on  a  first 
perusal. 

At  pp.  299-300  the  reader  is  told  of  the 
'Fugitive  Pieces,'  Byron's  first  book,  the 
renowned  quarto  of  1806,  that  it 

"was  printed  for  him  by  Ridge  of  Newark  in 
the  November  of  the  same  year  ;  but  the  issue 
was  burned— so  thoroughly  was  the  thing  done 
that  only  one  copy  is  known  to  exist— at  the 
request  of  Becher,  who  found  a  certain  number, 
'  To  Mary '  unduly  voluptuous  in  intention  and 
effect." 

This  not  very  clearly  expressed  sentence, 
which  we  give  precisely  as  punctuated  in 
the  book,  is  clear  in  one  point,  at  all  events, 
viz.,  that  only  one  copy  is  known  to  exist. 
Moore's  statement  on  the  subject  is  that 
two,  or  at  the  most  three,  escaped  the 
Becher-Byron  holocaust.  Thus  far  Moore's 
statement  has  not  been  shaken.  "  Two,  or 
at  the  most  three,"  expresses  admirably  the 
publicly  known  state  of  the  case  to  -  day  : 
Becher'sown  copy,  another  complete  copy, 
and  an  imperfect  one  (wanting  the  peccant 
poem)  are  still  in  existence.  The  quarto 
has  also  been  reprinted  privately  in  beauti- 
ful type  facsimile. 

In    annotating  at    pp.    303-4    the    early 
caricature  sketch  of  Dr.  Butler,  under  the 
name  of   "Pomposus,"  Mr.  Henley  might 
have   remarked    that    Byron   was    already 
borrowing  from  Churchill,  who,  in  the  satiro 
of  '  The  Ghost,'  had  given  the  same  name, 
though    in    its    Italian    form    "  Foniposo," 
to  Dr.  Johnson.     At  pp.    315-16   is  a  note 
on  Samuel  Jackson  Pratt,  which  does  not 
mention   the   poem  called  '  Bread ;  or,  the 
Poor,'  popular  in  its  day,  finely  illustrated, 
and  serviceable  to  Shelley  in  compiling  the 
notes  to  '  Queen  Mab,'   although  a  line  of 
identification  would   have    been   useful,  as 
the   book   has   many  titles  :   '  Cottage  Pic- 
tures;     or,   the   Poor,'    on   the   title-page; 
'  Bread ;    or,  tho    Poor,'  in  the  headlines  ; 
'The  Poor;  or,  Cottage   Pictures,'   at  foot 
of  tho  engravings.     Shelley  cites  tho  poem 
as  'Bread;  or,  the   Poor.'     There  is  also  a 
small   sin   of   commission  here,   as   well  as 
that   of  omission  :    Mr.   Henley  makes  tho 
tii.ni  whom  he  goes  a  little  out  of  his  way  to 
vilify  a  Buckinghamshire  man,   "  born    at 


s 


T  II  !•:     A  T  II  E  NM-:  U  M 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


St.  Ives  (Books)."  No  such  place  is  known 
to  geographers;  ami  St.  Ives  in  Huntingdon- 
shire claims  the  honour,  such  us  it  is,  of 
boinjj  Pratt's  birthplace. 

The  masterly  littlo  sketch  of  Gilford  at 
]>.  326 — one  of  tho  best  of  such  vignettes — 
would  have  boon  truer  in  its  sense  of  pro- 
portion had  there  boon  an  allusion  to 
lla/litt's  wonderful  '  Lottor '  and  Leigh 
Hunt's  '  lltra-Crepidarius.'  Mr.  Henley 
nood  not  allow  prejudice  against  Hunt  to 
deprive  him  of  a  telling  illustration.  And 
after  all,  if  Gilford  did  good  service  to 
literature  against  the  Dolla-Cruseans  and 
Poter  Pindar,  Hunt  did  better  in  fore- 
stalling tho  scorn  of  Mr.  Henley  him- 
self for  this  contemptible  thing  Gifford,  as 
ho  clearly  did  in  his  very  clever,  if  not 
sufficiently  venomous  poem.  Perhaps  it 
would  have  been  better  for  Mr.  Henley's 
case  against  Hunt  if  he  had  stated  it  a 
little  less  strongly  ;  for  Hunt,  with  all  his 
faults,  was  a  good  fellow  on  the  whole, 
and  still  has  numerous  living  relations  and 
friends  who  cherish  his  memory. 

At  p.  331  'The  Battle  of  the  Nile  '  might 
fairly  have  been  expected  to  find  a  place 
among  Sotheby's  "  mediocre  verse,"  of 
which  there  is  such  a  curious  display. 

Accuracy  in  quoting  his  hero's  own 
poetical  works  is  not  to  be  reckoned  among 
Mr.  Henley's  strong  points.  At  p.  346,  in 
illustration  of  the  passage  in  which  Byron 
tells  his  friend  Francis  Hodgson  how  "  two 
days  ago"  he  "swam  fromSestos  to  Abydos," 
the  editor  mentions  "  the  lines  in  '  Don 
Juan ': — 

A  feat  on  which  ourselves  we  rather  prided 
Leander,  Ekenhead,  and  I  did." 

The  misquotation  not  only  destroys  the 
metre,  but  does  away  with  the  exquisite 
drollery  of  the  real  passage,  which  is 
(canto  ii.  stanza  cv.)  : — 

A  better  swimmer  you  could  scarce  see  ever, 
He  could,  perhaps,  have  pass'd  the  Hellespont, 

As  once  (a  feat  on  which  ourselves  we  prided) 

Leander,  Mr.  Ekenhead,  and  I  did. 

The  note  on  Byron's  reference  to  "Ana- 
creon  Moore's  new  operatic  farce  "  is  hardly 
sufficient.  Hodgson,  it  seems,  had  fore- 
stalled Thomas  Hood  in  the  very  punster's 
motive  of  that  immortal  piece  of  imagina- 
tive wit  '  The  "Wee  Man ' ;  and  in  elucida- 
tion of  Byron's  reply  all  that  Mr.  Henley 
says  is  :  — 

"This  [the  farce]  was  'M.P.,  or  the  Blue- 
stocking,' produced  at  the  Lyceum,  9th  Septem- 
ber, 1811.  The  author  was  far  from  proud  of 
his  work.  But  eight  songs  from  it  are  included 
in  his  '  Works';  and  poor  enough  they  are." 

Now  '  M.P. ;  or,  the  Blue-stocking,'  was 
not  merely  produced  on  the  stage  in 
September,  1811,  but  was  published  as 
a  book  the  same  year  with  a  preface 
dated  the  9th  of  October,  and,  whether 
in  pride  or  in  humility,  signed  in  full 
by  Thomas  Moore.  In  the  same  year,  too, 
ho  issued  a  separate  pamphlet  containing 
tho  lyric  portions  only,  without  the  prose 
substance  of  the  farce.  Both  book  and 
pamphlet  are  scarce,  but  not  so  scarce  that 
an  editor  has  a  dispensation  to  leave  them 
unfound  and  unnoticed. 

Bishop  "Watson  is  dismissed  with  dispro- 
portionate brevity  in  the  note  (pp.  387-8) 
to  Byron's  record  that  ho  has  read  "  Watson 
to  Gibbon."  It  would  have  been  at  least 
interesting  to  find  the  bishop  identified  as 


tho  s.niio  notablo  ecclesiastic  who  wrote  the 
'Sermon  and  Appendix  of  Strictures  on  the 
Frenoh  Revolution,'  which  called  forth  from 
Wordsworth  one  of  his  best  proso  works, 
tho  '  Apology  for  tho    French  ltevolution,' 
written    in     1793,  but    not    published    till 
1870,  when  Dr.  Grosart  did  a  service  to  tho 
world  by  giving  it   from  the  manuscript  in 
his  edition  of  '  Wordsworth's  Prose  Works.' 
On     Byron's     good,     sensible,     worldly- 
minded  letter  to  tho  Quaker  poet  Bernard 
Barton,  printed  at  pp.  199-201,  there  is,  of 
course,  a  note,  but  not,  to  our  thinking,  one 
quite   adequate  to  the  occasion.     "Do  not 
renounce  writing,"  says  Byron,  "  but  never 
trust  entirely  to  authorship.     If  you  have  a 
possession,  retain  it ;  it  will  be  like  Prior's 
fellowship,  a  last  and  sure  resource."     Mr. 
Henley     does     not     suggest     that     "pos- 
session" is    a   mistake  of   some   one's  for 
profession,    though    the    moral     which    he 
points   in   recording   (p.  413)   that  Barton 
was    "  forty    years    clerk    in    a    bank    at 
Woodbridge "    of  course  illustrates    "pro- 
fession."    The  only  works  he  mentions  are 
'Metrical  Effusions'  (1812),  'Poems  by  an 
Amateur'    (1817),    and    'Poems'    (1820). 
Barton's    books    and     biography    literally 
bristle   with    literary    allusions    and    con- 
nexions ;    but    "  being,"    as    Mr.    Henley 
says,  "  a  very  amiable  and  respectable  man, 
as    well    as    a   writer   of    not   displeasing 
mediocrity,"  there  was  no  sufficient  induce- 
ment to  take  the  trouble  of  stating  the  good 
man's    career    proportionately.      His    con- 
nexion   with    Edward     Fitzgerald     might, 
however,    have   been   mentioned   with    ad- 
vantage. 

Loyalty  to  Byron  or  any  other  poet  need 
scarcely  bind  a  commentator  to  take  at  his 
idol's  valuation  every  one  who  has  to  be 
dealt  with.  When  Byron  writes  (p.  235) 
to  Mr.  Murray,  "I  presume  all  your 
Scribleri  will  be  drawn  up  in  battle 
array ....  Mr.  Bucke,  for  instance,"  it  is 
not  incumbent  on  the  commentator,  how- 
ever staunch  to  his  hero,  to  dismiss  the 
allusion  to  Charles  Bucke  with — "  For  an 
account  of  this  scribbler's  quarrel  with 
Edmund  Kean,  see  Hawkins,  '  Life,'  &c, 
ii.  chapters  v.  and  vi.,"  and  a  few  lines  of 
caustic  remark  from  Scott  to  Southey,  as 
Mr.  Henley  does  at  p.  232.  "  Any  school- 
boy "  can  translate  Scriblerus  into  scribbler. 
It  is  quite  right,  of  course,  to  refer  to 
F.  W.  Hawkins's  book,  but  justice  de- 
mands that  Bucke' s  version  of  the  quarrel 
should  bo  cited  as  well  as  that  of  Kean's 
advocate.  See  also  the  preface  to  Charles 
Bucke's  tragedy  of  '  The  Itabans.' 

Why,  at  pp.  438-9,  'The  "Living  Dog" 
and  "The  Dead  Lion"'  should  have  been 
quoted  from  a  copy  incorrectly  made  by 
Augusta  Leigh,  and  now  in  Mr.  Alfred 
Morrison's  great  collection  of  autographs,  is 
not  altogether  evident,  and  it  has  tempted 
Mr.  Henley  into  the  inaccurato  subheading 
"  Thomas  Moore  to  Leigh  Hunt."  The  verses 
were  not  addressed  to  Leigh  Hunt — could  not 
be  in  the  nature  of  things ;  and,  for  the 
rest,  Mrs.  Leigh,  without  preserving  a  single 
variant  of  oven  the  most  trifling  significance, 
made  such  bad  slips  of  transcription  that 
Mr.  Henley  had  to  remedy  some  of  them  by 
interpolations  in  brackets.  If  ho  did  not 
liko  to  bo  boholden  to  Moore's  '  Satirical 
and  Humorous  Poems '  for  his  extract,  he 
might  have  gone  back  either  to  the  Times, 


where  the  piece  iir^t  appeared,  or  to  the 
'Odes  upon  Cash,  Corn,  Catholics,  and 
other  .Matters,'  in  which  Moore  reprinted 
it  anonymously  in  1828.  ne  would  not 
n  have  had  to  submit  to  the  damage 
which  Mis.  Leigh's  careless  copying  did  to 
the  brilliant  Irishman's  brilliant  rapier- 
thrust.  By  the  omission  of  the  pause  and 
one  comma  from  the  last  line,  the  best 
quatrain  in  the  poem — though  the  coarsest 
— is  unfortunately  spoilt  in  the  Le-igh- 
Ilenley  version. 

When  all  is  said,  the  book  is  still  one 
with  which  we  cannot  but  desire  to  "part 
friends."  Tho  letters  themselves  are  mostly 
good  reading.  The  editor  has  culled  from 
Moore,  Scott,  Pogers,  Hobhouse,  Scrope 
Davies,  "and  tho  rest,"  a  great  mass  of 
printed  or  reported  utterances  which  are 
also  quite  interesting ;  and  the  best  of  his 
own  vignettes  are  excellent  pieces  of  writing, 
and  do  him  no  little  credit. 


Eighteenth   Century  Vignettes.     Third  Series. 
By  Austin  Dobson.     (Chatto  &  Windus.) 

Mr.  Dobson' s  new  volume  of  '  Eighteenth 
Century  Vignettes '  enables  his  readers 
once  more  to  renew  their  acquaintance 
with  an  epoch  now  eminently  in  fashion. 
They  can  frequent  its  theatres  and  other 
places  of  amusement,  mix  in  its  fashion- 
able or  literary  society,  be  present  at  a  state 
trial  before  the  peers  in  Westminster  Hall, 
or  attend  the  sales  of  famous  libraries  at 
Mr.  Samuel  Baker's  auction  rooms  in  York 
Street,  Covent  Garden  ;  they  can  see  some- 
thing, too,  of  the  eighteenth  century  book- 
sellers, and  look  in  at  one  or  two  of  the 
printers'  "  chapels  "  from  which  were  issued 
the  pamphlets  of  Swift  and  Defoe  and  the 
poems  of  Prior  and  Pope.  Those  who 
are  interested  in  the  topography  of  old 
London  may,  with  Mr.  Dobson  as  their 
guide,  stroll  through  Covent  Garden  and  its 
neighbourhood  as  it  existed  in  the  days  of 
Hogarth.  After  inspecting  the  old  church 
of  St.  Paul's,  and  hearing  of  the  distin- 
guished men  who  have  found  a  last  rest- 
ing-place, though  not  a  quiet  one,  in  its 
graveyard,  the  would  -  be  antiquary  can 
wander  on  through  the  neighbouring  streets, 
where  Mr.  Dobson  will  point  out  the 
houses  of  interest  and  tell  him  a  good  deal 
more  gossip  about  their  former  inhabitants 
than  these  worthies  ever  thought  would  be 
revealed  to  a  curious  world.  There  is,  as 
everybody  knows,  a  great  deal  to  be  said 
about  a  region  so  full  cf  literary  and  his- 
trionic associations,  and  no  one  could  wish 
for  a  better  cicerone  than  our  author. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  vignettes  in 
the  volume  is  a  description  of  M.  Grosley's 
'  Londres,'  a  work  describing  the  author's 
experiences  during  an  eight  weeks'  visit  to 
London  in  the  early  part  of  1765.  M. 
Grosley  knew  nothing  of  our  language,  but 
this  ignorance  was,  he  thought,  an  advan- 
tage, as  "his  inability  to  understand  our 
tongue  did  but  enhance  and  intensify  his 
native  acuteness  of  vision."  He  was  cer- 
tainly a  keen  observer  with  a  strong  sense 
of  the  ridiculous,  and  during  his  stay 
in  London  he  had  many  opportunities  of 
making  use  of  his  natural  endowments. 
"  M.  Grosley,"  writes  Mr.  Dobson  in  a 
passage  which  affords  a  good  specimen  of 
his  style, 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


9 


"  was  fortunate  in  happening  upon  an  unusually 
eventful  time.  Already  King  George  had  been 
attacked  by  the  first  of  those  mysterious  ill- 
nesses which  ultimately  incapacitated  him  as  a 
practising  monarch,  and  to  this,  during  M. 
Grosley's  sojourn  among  us,  was  to  follow  the 
second  Regency  Bill,  with  all  its  anti-Bute 
plotting  and  counterplotting.  Then  Lord  Byron 
had  killed  his  cousin  Mr.  Chaworth,  of  Notting- 
hamshire, in  a  quarrel  at  the  Star  and  Garter  in 
Pall  Mall,  and  the  galleries  had  already  been 
erected  for  his  lordship's  trial  by  his  peers  in 
Westminster  Hall.  Moreover,  the  Spital6elds 
weavers  were  to  make  new  demonstrations 
against  the  clandestine  importation  of  French 
silks,  marching  in  their  thousands  under  black 

banners It   is   true   that   at  this  date  some 

notable  and  notorious  persons  were  unavoid- 
ably absent  from  London.  Mr.  Laurence 
Sterne,  for  instance,  who  had  not  long 
published  vols.  vii.  and  viii.  of  '  Tristram 
Shandy,'  was   at   the    Bath,   and    Mr.    Garrick 

was     at     Paris Mr.     Whitefield     was    still 

in  America  ;  Mr.  John  Wilkes  was  luxuriat- 
ing at  Naples  ;  and  Miss  '  Iphigenia '  Chud- 
leigh  had  betaken  herself  to  the  German 
waters.  On  the  other  hand,  there  were  rumours 
that  Rousseau  was  coming  to  England,  and 
(perhaps)  the  Due  de  Nivernais  ;  while  if 
Roscius  was  not  rejoicing  his  admirers  in  Drury 
Lane,  Foote  would  soon  be  delighting  the  de- 
votees of  broad -grin  at  the  little  theatre  in  the 
Haymarket.  At  Vauxhall  and  Ranelagh  the 
season  was  approaching  ;  and  the  exhibition  of 
the  Society  of  Artists  at  the  Great  Room  in 
Spring  Gardens  was  on  the  point  of  opening.'' 

Of  these  opportunities  of  studying  the 
manners  and  customs  of  the  English 
M.  Grosley  made  a  good  use,  and  except 
■with  the  lower  classes  his  experiences  of  our 
country  were  not  unfavourable.  But  his 
eccentric  costume,  his  lean  and  bony  figure, 
the  unnatural  pallor  of  his  complexion,  and 
his  "visage  d'extreme  onction,"  as  he  calls 
it,  attracted  very  unpleasant  attention  from 
the  mob.  "  My  French  air,"  he  says,  "  drew 
upon  me,  at  every  corner  of  the  street,  a 
volley  of  abusive  litanies,  in  the  midst  of 
which  I  slipped  on,  thanking  my  stars  that 
I  did  not  understand  English." 

M.  Grosley  was  an  assiduous  attendant  at 
the  theatres,  where  he  admired  the  tragic 
pieces,  but  formed  a  poor  opinion  of  our 
comedies.  His  judgment,  he  tells  us,  was 
in  both  cases  due,  in  Lord  Chesterfield's 
opinion,  to  ignorance  of  our  language,  but 
this  touch  of  epigrammatic  wit  should 
probably  be  credited  to  the  witty  Frenchman 
himself.  At  Lord  Byron's  trial  M.  Grosley 
was  impressed  by  the  stately  ceremonial 
and  the  splendour  of  Westminster  Hall, 
but  his  attention  appears  to  have  been  a 
good  deal  taken  up  by  the  Westminster 
boys  seated  on  the  steps  of  the  throne, 
munching  apples,  and  throwing  the  strips 
of  peel  into  the  curls  of  the  Lord  High 
Steward's  periwig.  Mr.  Dobson  gives  the 
name  of  the  Lord  High  Steward  as  Robert 
Henley.  It  was  not,  however,  Lord  Henley 
but  the  Earl  of  Northerton  who  presided 
at  Lord  Byron's  trial.  Tho  intelligent 
tourist  was  of  course  taken  to  hear  the 
debates  in  Parliament,  and  he  thought 
the  speeches  of  the  peers  better  de- 
livered than  anything  he  had  heard  on 
our  stage.  In  the  Lower  House  he  was 
not  fortunate  enough  to  hear  Pitt,  and 
thought  little  of  the  eloquence  of  those 
members  who  spoko  when  he  was  present. 
"They  stood  up,"  he  says,  "  and  addressed 
them   to   the    Speaker's    chair    {bureau    du 


Spile),  with  legs  apart,  one  knee  bent,  and 
one  arm  extended,  as  if  they  were  going  to 
fence."  This  description  of  the  position 
assumed  by  our  parliamentary  orators  is 
extremely  happy,  and  it  may  be  added  that 
this  ungraceful  attitude  is  still  rigidly  ad- 
hered to  by  many  members  of  the  Commons 
in  our  own  day.  We  learn  from  Mr.  Dobson 
that  M.  Grosley  was  surprised 

"that  the  pious  salutation  of  any  one  who 
sneezed,  which  still  prevailed  in  his  own  country, 
had  been  abolished  in  England  by  the  use  of 
snuff.  He  was  given  to  understand  that  to 
salute  a  snuff-taker  in  these  circumstances  was 
like  complimenting  him  on  the  colour  of  the 
hair  of  his  wig.  That  colour,  by  the  way,  he 
announces  in  another  place,  was  usually  reddish 
brown,  being  chosen  as  least  affected  by  the 
mud  and  dirt  of  the  streets." 

Mr.  Dobson  gathers  from  this  ingenuous 
explanation  that  some  of  M.  Grosley's 
obliging  informants  must  occasionally,  in 
eighteenth  century  parlance,  have  treated 
him  to  a  bite.  We  do  not  quite  agree  with 
this  suggestion.  M.  Grosley's  remarks 
were  more  probably  inspired  by  his  own 
sense  of  humour. 

A  highly  readable  vignette  in  this  new 
series  contains  a  description  of  Puckle's '  Club, ' 
a  dull  book  in  itself,  which  has,  however, 
provided  Mr.  Dobson  with  an  opportunity 
of  imparting  some  amusing  gossip  to  his 
readers.  One  witty  aphorism  quoted  here 
from  Puckle,  but  taken  by  him,  it  maybe  sus- 
pected, from  some  earlier  source,  is  uttered 
by  "Pake,"  a  member  of  a  convivial  club 
assembled  at  the  Noah's  Ark.  He  inveighs 
against  matrimony,  which,  he  declares,  men 
praise  as  they  "do  good  mustard,  with 
tears  in  their  eyes."  Mr.  Dobson' s  own 
copy  of  Puckle  is  the  identical  little  12mo. 
deposited  on  April  29th,  1713,  at  Lincoln's 
Inn,  where,  according  to  a  MS.  inscription 
in  the  volume,  it  was  "Entered  &  Registered 
according  to  ye  Statute."  The  margins, 
moreover,  are  covered  witlx  additions  and 
corrections,  apparently  in  Puckle's  own 
handwriting.  By  consulting  various  out- 
of-the-way  sources  Mr.  Dobson  has  been 
able  to  frame  quite  a  connected  account  of 
Puckle's  career,  and  has  even  discovered  an 
advertisement  in  the  Spectator  of  June  25th, 
1712,  offering  a  reward  for  a  pearl  necklace 
lost  by  him,  "in  or  near"  Mr.  Edward 
Smith's  house  near  Uxbridge. 

Molly  Lepel  —  the  well-known  maid  of 
honour,  afterwards  the  wife  of  Lord  Hervey 
— forms  the  subject  of  another  vignette.  It 
opens  with  a  capital  story  of  one  of  the 
royal  coachmen  at  old  Leicester  House,  who 
bequeathed  3001.  to  his  son  on  condition 
that  he  should  never  marry  a  maid  of 
honour.  Lady  Hervey  was  one  of  the 
most  fascinating  women  of  her  time.  She 
knew  everybody  worth  knowing,  and  was 
liked  by  everybody  whom  she  knew ;  but 
the  records  of  her  life  are  too  devoid  of 
episodes  to  furnish  materials  for  a  lively 
sketch.  Mr.  Dobson  is  inaccurate  in  stating 
that  Pulteney  was  a  visitor  at  Lady  Hervey's 
house  in  St.  James's  Place,  both  beforo  and 
after  his  elevation  to  tho  peerage.  Pulteney 
was  created  Earl  of  Bath  in  17.42,  and  Lady 
Hervey's  name  does  not  appear  in  tho  rate- 
books as  occupier  of  the  houso  for  somo 
yoars  after  that  date.  But  this  is  a  trifling 
inaccuracy.  A  moro  serious  slip,  however, 
occurs    in   tho    samo   vignette,    whero   Mr. 


Dobson,  in  alluding  to  Hampton  Court, 
speaks  of  it  as  "Wren's  formal  palace  by 
the  Thames."  It  is  true  that  Wren  rebuilt 
two  of  the  courts,  but  what  remains  of  the 
old  building  is  a  fine  relic  of  the  great  car- 
dinal's magnificence,  and  one  of  the  best 
examples  extant  of  the  domestic  architec- 
ture of  the  early  Tudor  period. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  may  not  be  the 
last  series  of '  Eighteenth  Century  Vignettes,' 
and  when  three  or  four  more  volumes  are 
published  Mr.  Dobson  would  render  a  ser- 
vice to  those  interested  in  the  subject  if 
he  would  issue  a  general  index  to  the  whole 
work,  to  serve  as  a  sort  of  encyclopaedia 
of  eighteenth  century  lore. 


The  Devil  in  Britain  and  America.     By  John 
Ashton.     (Ward  &  Downey.) 

Althovgh  Mr.  Ashton  presents  a  formid- 
able list  of  books,  in  Latin,  French,  German, 
Dutch,  and  English,  "  consulted  and  used  in 
this  work,"  his  readers  may  be  inclined  to 
think  that  in  many  cases  the  use  and  con- 
sultation must  have  been  rather  perfunctory. 
The  works  are  supposed  to  be  set  forth  in 
order  of  their  publication.  At  the  end  of 
those  issued  in  the  sixteenth  century  we  come 
to  "Malleus  Maleficarum.  De  lamiis  et 
strigibus  et  sagis  aliisque  Magis  &  Demo- 
niacis  eorumque  arte  potestate  &  poena. 
2  torn.  Francofurti,  1600.  8vo."  —  in 
other  words,  Sprenger's  famous  work  with 
the  name  of  the  author  omitted,  and  rele- 
gated to  the  last  year  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  whereas  the  Grand  Inquisitor  of 
Germany  flourished  in  the  fifteenth.  This 
particular  edition  is,  indeed,  an  amplified 
reissue  of  Sprenger's  work.  He  who  does 
not  know  the  date  of  his  '  Malleus  Male- 
ficarum '  can  hardly  have  a  profound 
acquaintance  with  the  history  of  demono- 
logy  and  witchcraft.  And  what  is  to  bo 
thought  of  a  writer  on  the  subject  who 
appends  this  note  to  one  of  his  stories  ? 
"  The  writer  was  the  Rev.  Joseph  Glanville, 
M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Chaplain  in  Ordinary  to 
King  Charles  II.,  Rector  of  the  Abbey 
Church,  Bath,  and  a  Prebendary  of  Wor- 
cester." So  much  and  no  more.  In  truth, 
Mr.  Ashton' s  book  itself  makes  no  profession, 
or  nothing  beyond  a  profession,  to  knowledge 
of  this  wider  kind.  It  is  not  to  be  con- 
founded with  the  philosophical  chapters  on 
the  subject  in  Mr.  Lecky's  '  Rationalism  ' 
nor  with  Michelet's  wonderful  '  La  Sorcicre'; 
not  even  with  Mr.  Moncuro  Conway's  book 
on  the  devil ;  for  Mr.  Ashton's  titlo  itself  is 
a  little  misleading.  What  the  book  really 
is,  as  readers  of  the  author's  other  books 
might  expect,  is  not  a  history  of  the  belief 
in  Satan,  but  a  highly  interesting  collec- 
tion of  witch  trials  and  stories  of  pos- 
session in  England  and  America  from 
the  sixteenth  century  downwards,  drawn 
in  the  majority  of  cases  from  pamphlets 
and  chap-books,  and  illustrated  for  the  most 
part  by  reproductions  of  tho  small  wood- 
blocks with  which  such  chap-books  aro 
often  adorned.  The  bibliography  at  tho 
end  is  certainly  not  without  value,  so  far 
as  it  is  really  germane  to  the  matter  of  the 
volume  ;  but  half  a  dozen  books,  such  as 
Olaus  Magnus,  Bodin,  tho  '  Mallous  Male- 
ficarum,'  &c,  should  have  been  omitted. 
What,  for  instance,  can  be  the  use  of  going 
to  the   'llistoriado  Gentibus  Soptentriona- 


10 


T  II  E     A  Til  KXyEUM 


libus'  (in  translation)  for  nn  account  of  tho 
witches  in  Norway  during  the  Saga  era, 
and  making  no  mention  of  tho  many  delight- 
ful witch  atoriea  in  the  Icelandic  Sagas 
themseh 

"  Witchcraft,"  in  tho  modern  senso  of  tho 
word,  is  a  very  different  subject  for  study 
from  "demonology"  in  its  wider  acceptation. 
Mr.  Ashton  shows  a  sense  of  tho  diil'eronce. 
"At  what  date,"  he  says,  "  the  higher  cult 
of  sorcery  or  magic  became  tho  drivel  known 
as  witchcraft  is  uncertain."  But  this  implies 
an  exaggeration  on  the  other  side.  There 
is  no  dato,  because  there  is  no  clear  lino  of 
demarcation.  Superstitions  which  arc  con- 
temptible in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries  have  a  certain  impressiveness  and 
a  certain  grandeur  in  the  twelfth  or  thir- 
teenth. But  to  give  not  tho  devil  only  but 
his  judges  their  due,  the  Middle  Ages  were 
really  not  so  degradedly  superstitious  on 
these  matters  as  the  dawn— nay,  as  the  full 
day — of  the  Renaissance.  Mr.  Lecky's  well- 
known  history,  which  to  the  majority  of  Eng- 
lish readers  probably  represents  the  philo- 
sophy of  witchcraft,  is  a  little  misleading 
upon  this  point.  The  writer  had  a  proposition 
to  establish— the  steady  growth  of  rationalism 
out  of  the  belief  of  niedimval  Christianity. 
It  was,  too,  his  first  important  book,  and  it 
was  necessary  for  him  to  be  picturesque. 
Nobody  who  has  read  them  can  forget  the 
magnificent  passages  in  which  the  attitude 
of  the  mediaeval  mind  towards  miracle, 
and,  by  implication,  towards  witchcraft,  or, 
again,  the  effects  of  the  Black  Death  and 
the  dawn  of  scepticism,  are  described  in 
Mr.  Lecky's  work.  No  doubt,  to  give  a 
rotundity  to  this  proposition  and  to  this 
picturesque  narrative,  witchcraft  ought  to 
have  been  extremely  prevalent  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  But  as  a  fact  the  traces  of 
it  are  far  fewer  then  than  in  more  enlightened 
ages.  It  is  only  at  the  dawn  of  the  Re- 
formation that  enactments  against  it  appear 
in  our  statute-books.  Mr.  Lecky  places  the 
culmination  of  the  dread  of  witchcraft  in 
the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  The 
truth  is,  however,  that  there  is  not  very 
much  to  be  learnt  about  witchcraft,  even 
on  the  Continent,  prior  to  the  publication  of 
Sprenger's  book  towards  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century.  But,  after  all,  Mr.  Lecky 
has  only  been  following  the  lines  marked 
out  by  Michelet.  The  latter  traces  the 
career  of  the  witch  throughout  the  Middle 
Ages ;  but  his  documentary  evidence,  even 
for  the  "  Sabbat,"  is  not  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
English  witchcraft,  for  which  the  documents 
are  comparatively  modern,  has  little  to  say 
to  this  impressive  superstition  of 
Devil's  Sabbath,  which  in  origin 
character  is  undoubtedly  mediaeval. 

The  trial  for  witchcraft  of  Joan  of  . 
is  by  far  the  most  memorable  process  of  the 
kind  of  which  there  are  any  records.  Joan 
was  condemned  as  a  heretic,  and  burnt 
as  a  witch.  Tho  trial,  though  at  tho 
instance  of  the  English,  was  conducted  at 
Rouen  and  according  to  French  law.  It 
therefore  does  not  fall  within  the  scope 
of  Mr.  Ashton's  book.  A  short  account 
is  given  of  the  trial  of  Eleanor  Cobham, 
Duchess  of  Gloucester,  which  is  familiar 
enough  to  everybody.  Mr.  Ashton's  witch 
anddevilstones  are  not  arranged  in  anything 
approaching  to  chronological  order.  The 
history  of  the  Good  Devil  of  Woodstock, 


y*3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


the 
and 

Arc 


which  likewise  is  familiar  to  every  reader 
of  Scott,  appears  almost  at  the  beginning  of 

the  Look.  As  this  is  one  of  the  \.  iv  few 
which  are  not,  technically  speaking 
of  witchcraft,  Mr.  Ashton  probably  pk 
it  where  ho  does  to  justify  his  wide-reaching 
title;  for,  of  course,  tho  proceeding 
"  Funny  Joe"  date  from  near  the  end  of  tho 
heyday  of  witch  trials.  Nowadays,  as  little 
evidence  is  required  for  tho  commonplace 
source  of  extraordinary  phenomena  as  in  a 
more  superstitious  age  sufficed  for  their  super- 
natural origin ;  otherwise,  as  Mr.  Andrew 
Lang  not  long  since  pointed  out,  the  story  of 
"  Funny  Joe  "—first  presented  about  a  hun- 
dred years  after  the  occurrences  it  was  sup- 
posed to  explain— would  not  have  found  such 
ready  acceptance.  The  great  era  for  witch 
trials  was  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century 
and  the  first  half  of  the  sixteenth.  James  L, 
as  we  know,  had  a  special  nose  for  a  witch. 
One  wonders  if  Reginald  Scot's  courageous 
and  sensible  '  Discoverie  of  Witchcraft '  did 
anything  to  lessen  the  zeal  of  judges  and  jury, 
or  whether  the  lot  of  the  "  poor,  old,  lame, 
fowl  and  blear  eyed  women,"  who,  as  he 
says,  "  are  the  sort  of  such  as  are  said  to  be 
witches,"  would  have  been  even  worse  than  it 
was  during  that  miserable  century  if  he  had 
never  written.  What  a  satire  upon  the 
whole  theory  of  the  covenant  with  Satan  are 
these  sentences  of  his  ! — 

"These  miserable  wretches  are  so  odious 
unto  all  their  neighbours  and  so  feared  as  few 
dare  offend  them  or  deny  them  anie  thing  they 
aske  ;  whereby  they  take  upon  them  ;  yea  and 
some  times  thinke,  that  they  doo  such  things 
as  are  beyond  the  abilitie  of  humane  nature. 
These  go  from  house  to  house,  and  from  doore 
to  doore  for  a  pot  full  of  milke,  yest,  drink  or 
pottage  or  some  such  releefe  ;  without  the 
which  they  could  hardlie  hue:  neither  obtaining 
for  their  seruice  and  paines  nor  by  their  art,  nor 
yet  at  the  diuel's  hands  (with  whom  they  are 
said  to  make  a  perfect  and  visible  bargaine) 
either  beautie,  monie,  promotion,  welth,  wor- 
ship, pleasure,  honor,  knowledge,  learning  or 
anie  other  benefit  whatsoeuer." 

Mr.  Ashton  refers  only  incidentally  to 
that  infamous  scoundrel  Matthew  Hopkins, 
the  Suffolk  witch-finder.  And  when  we 
come  to  his  American  section  we  find  it 
sadly  summary.  The  celebrated  Salem  per- 
secution is  represented  by  only  part  of  the 
report  of  one  trial  and  by  a  list  of  names. 
These  are  the  last  executions  for  witchcraft 
among  tho  English-speaking  people,  and 
for  these  America,  Samuel  Farris,  of  Salem, 
Connecticut,  and  in  a  less  degree  Cotton 
Mather,  bear  tho  blame.  In  this  dying 
flicker  of  superstition  twenty-five  persons 
— mostly  women — were  hanged,  one  old 
••oman  died  in  gaol,  and  one  man  for  re- 
fusing to  plead  was  pressed  to  death. 

Mr.  Ashton's  book  cannot  be  described 
either  as  scholarly  or  exhaustive.  Its  use- 
fulness as  a  work  of  reference  is  largely 
diminished  by  the  loose  way  in  which  the 
materials  are  arranged  and  the  absence  of 
an  index.  There  is  no  list  of  illustrations. 
Tho  frontispiece,  '  Facsimile  of  the  only 
known  Specimen  of  the  Devil's  Writing,' 
gives  tho  book  a  touch  of  vulgarity.  But 
it  is  a  meritorious  compilation  ;  and  con- 
sidered as  a  book  written  essentially  for  the 
general  reader,  and  the  rather  indolent  one 
"  at  that,"  it  is  far  from  unacceptable. 


A    Calendar  of   the  Inner    Temple    J: 
Edited  by  I'.  A.  Enderwiok,  Q.O.— Vol.  I 
U   Hen.    I'll.   [1505)-  tf    Flit.    (Itfl 
Sotheran  &  Go 

This  volume  forms  the  first  of  a  series  to 
be  issued  by  tho  Society  of  the  Inner 
Temple  for  tho  purpose  of  making  known 
to  tho  general  public  the  valuable  records 
preserved  in  that  ancient  pi -co  of  learning. 
If  succeeding  volumes  are  as  well  edited 
this  one,  and  prove  to  possess  equal  intei 
a  hearty  welcome  is  assured  to  them.  In- 
deed, the  interest  of  further  instalments  of 
this  work  promises  to  be  greater  than  that 
which  we  find  here,  for  Mr.  Inderwick  has 
had  the  most  difficult  portion  of  his  labour 
at  the  outset,  many  of  tho  earlier  records 
haying  perished.  With  much  pains  and 
skill  he  has  surmounted  all  obstacles,  and, 
with  the  help  of  many  writers,  from  Chaucer 
to  those  of  the  present  day,  he  has  prepared 
an  introduction  to  this  volume  which  in  great 
measure  fills  up  the  gaps  just  alluded  to, 
and  has  presented  us  with  the  history  of  the 
Inner  Temple  from  its  earliest  days  to  the 
close  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 

That  "things  are  not  what  they  seem" 
may  be  illustrated  by  glancing  first  at  the 
list  of  Inner  Temple  records  and  then  by 
perusing  the  pages  of  this  volume.  Nothing 
could  well  be  more  uninviting  and  drier 
than  a  catalogue  of  Acts  of  Parliament, 
Admission  Books,  Bar  Bonds,  Bench  Table 
Orders,  Certificate  Books,  Account  Books, 
and  so  on,  but  an  examination  of  these 
records  throws  a  flood  of  light  on  matters 
of  importance,  not  only  to  legal  students, 
but  to  all  writers  on  the  ecclesiastical,  social, 
and  literary  history  of  our  country.  The 
calendar,  which  forms  the  body  of  this 
volume,  has  been  made,  with  all  his  cus- 
tomary carefulness  and  ability,  by  Mr.  W. 
Page,  F.S  A.,  and  he  has  also  prepared  an 
admirable  index  and  glossary  to  the  work. 

The  Inner  Temple  may  well  be  proud  of 
its  records,  which  go  further  back  than 
those  of  any  of  the  Inns  of  Court,  Lincoln's 
Inn  only  excepted.  Several  of  the  earlier 
records  were  destroyed  in  one  or  other  of 
the  numerous  fires  to  which  the  Temple  was 
subject  both  before  and  after  the  Great  Fire 
of  1G6G.  Wat  Tyler  and  his  followers,  in 
1381,  burnt,  as  Thomas  of  Walsingham 
tells  us,  "many  muniments  which  the 
lawyers  had  in  their  custody."  Mr.  Inder- 
wick has  much  to  say  of  the  various  Inns 
of  Chancery  and  of  the  four  great  Inns  of 
Court.  He  writes  pleasantly  of  the  ancient 
days  when  the  Society  of  the  Inner  Temple 
held  their  premises  by  agreement  with  the 
Knights  Hospitallers,  a  state  of  matters 
which  continued  until  the  dissolution  of  the 
latter  body  in  or  about  1540,  after  which 
date  the  Society  held  as  tenants  at  will  from 
the  Crown.  He  describes  the  various  build- 
ings of  the  Temple — the  Church,  the  Hall, 
the  Chambers ;  he  pictures  the  garden  and 
the  trees,  the  courts,  and  the  signs  over  the 
houses.  Shakspeare,  in  describing  the 
scene  between  Somerset  and  Flantagenet 
in  tho  Temple  Garden,  refers  to  the  sniall- 
ness  of  the  Hall  in  the  words  which  he 
assigns  to  Suffolk.  Mr.  Inderwick  dis- 
courses on  tho  advance  made  in  legal  train- 
ing at  his  Inn  during  the  century  covered 
by  his  volume.  The  shadowy  curriculum 
of  miscellaneous  study  that  Fortescue  speaks 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


11 


of  had  given  place  to  a  more  definite  system, 
initiated  by  Queen  Mary  and  regularized  by 
Coke  and  his  immediate  predecessors.  We 
have  full  accounts  of  the  Benchers,  Trea- 
surers, Governors,  Headers,  Auditors,  Pen- 
sioners, and  of  the  several  other  officers  of 
the  Society.  The  governing  body  sat  in 
"  Parliaments,"  and  their  Acts  fill  a  large 
number  of  volumes.  These  Acts  dealt  not 
only,  as  is  generally  supposed,  with  such 
matters  as  admissions  and  calls  and  the 
appointment  of  officers,  but  with  various 
ecclesiastical  and  social  questions  regarding 
the  tenants  of  the  Inner  Temple.  Of  bonds, 
and  deeds,  and  leases,  we  read  enough,  but 
the  picture  drawn  by  Mr.  Inderwick  has 
several  living  personalities,  and  festivity  is 
by  no  means  absent.  Take  William  Erme- 
sted,  who  was  Master  of  the  Temple  by 
deed  dated  March  2nd,  1542.  This  ecclesi- 
astic accepted  the  new  Prayer  Book  under 
Edward  VI.,  turned  round  again  under  Mary 
Tudor,  and  made  a  third  change  of  religion 
under  Elizabeth,  dying  in  1560,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Alvey.  Mr.  Inder- 
wick gives  a  very  fair  summary  of  the 
religious  ordinances  of  the  period  comprised 
in  his  book,  so  far  as  the  Inn  was  concerned, 
and  where  he  has  been  able  to  complete  his 
cases  by  drawing  on  the  documents  in  the 
Public  Eecord  Office,  he  has  wisely  filled  in 
his  characters.  Thus  certain  members  of 
the  Inn  were,  in  1569,  convicted  of  not 
resorting  to  the  church  at  the  accustomed 
times,  and  of  not  receiving  the  communion 
there.     One  of  them,  Robert  Atkinson, 

"  saith  that  in  the  vacation  times  he  hath 
usually  gone  to  the  church  in  the  country,  and 
saith  he  hath  not  gone  so  often  to  church  since 
he  hath  been  a  practitioner," 

an  excuse  not  unknown  in  the  present  day. 
Another  member,  Thomas  Greenwood, 

"  hath  seldom  gone  to  the  church  by  reason  of 
the  multitude  of  causes  since  he  was  a  practi- 
tioner, but  he  saith  his  prayers  privately  in 
his  chamber," 

which  excuse  may  also  apply  to  modern 
times.  In  the  records  of  the  Inner  Temple 
Mr.  Inderwick  has  made  an  interesting  dis- 
covery. It  is  that  on  January  28th,  1581/2, 
Sir  Francis  Drake  was  specially  admitted  a 
fellow  of  the  Society  "  upon  a  fine  at  the 
discretion  of  the  treasurer."  Drake  had 
recently  returned  from  his  voyage  round  the 
world,  and  his  ship,  the  Golden  Hind,  was 
lying  in  the  Thames,  an  object  of  universal 
admiration. 

There  is  much  in  this  volume  about  the 
banquets  and  revels  given  from  time  to 
time  in  the  Temple,  and  also  about  the  plays 
there  represented.  On  Twelfth  Night  of 
1560  or  1561  the  first  dramatic  performance 
of  one  of  the  earliest  English  tragedies, 
'  Gorboduc,'  took  place  in  the  Inner  Temple 
Hall.  One  of  its  authors  was  the  dis- 
tinguished jurist  Thomas  Norton,  a  Puritan, 
who  had  been  tutor  to  the  Protector  Somer- 
set's children,  and  had  translated  into 
English  Calvin's  '  Institutions  of  the  Chris- 
tian Peligion.'  In  1568  the  play  of 
'Tancred  and  Gismund'  was  produced, 
Elizabeth  herself  being  present.  Among 
the  miscellaneous  entries  in  these  Inner 
Temple  Records  are  orders  against  the 
wearing  of  cloaks,  hats,  &c,  in  the  church, 
buttery,  or  hall,  under  a  penalty  of  6*.  &d.  ; 
prohibitions  against  going  into  the  City 
with    hats,    boots,    and     spurs,    unless    the 


wearers  are  riding  out  of  the  town  ;  against 
playing  dice  or  cards  in  the  hall,  or  else- 
where in  the  house,  under  pain  of  fine  and 
expulsion;  against  "shooters  with  guns" 
within  the  Inn  ;  against  disclosing  the 
secrets  of  the  Parliament :  against  coming 
into  the  hall  with  any  weapon,  except  the 
dagger  and  the  knife,  under  penalty  of  51.  ; 
an  order  that  no  married  man  should  be 
eligible  as  a  butler  of  the  Societ}r,  and  that, 
if  a  butler  married  after  appointment,  he 
should  lose  his  post ;  an  order  regulating 
the  allowance  of  beef  and  beer  to  the  gar- 
dener, and  ordering  "all  broken  bread  and 
drink  with  the  chippings  "  to  be  distributed 
among  the  poor  ;  and  numerous  others. 

Enough  has  been  said  to  show  that,  while 
describing  the  studies  and  life  of  the  students 
and  lawyers  of  the  Inner  Temple,  these 
records  are  of  interest  to  others  besides 
members  of  the  compiler's  profession.  We 
can  cordially  commend  his  volume  (for  the 
printing  and  binding  of  which  a  word  of 
admiration  must  not  be  omitted),  and  we 
shall  look  forward  to  the  due  arrival  of  its 
successors. 


Introduction  to   the  History  of  Religion.     By 

F.  B.  Jevons,  M.A.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
Writers  of  "introductions"  to  scientific 
subjects  are  usually  expected  to  supply 
milk  for  babes.  Mr.  Jevons's  '  Introduc- 
tion to  the  History  of  Peligion '  is  by  no 
means  "very  popular  milk";  on  the  other 
hand,  it  is  uncommonly  strong  meat.  Mr. 
Jevons  belongs  to  the  anthropological 
school,  and  leaves  aside  the  speculations, 
for  example,  of  Prof.  Max  Midler.  He  has 
not  even  very  much  to  say  about  Mr.  E.  B. 
Tylor,  but  is  a  follower  of  Prof  Robertson 
Smith  and  Mr.  Frazer,  who  again  proceed 
directly  from  Mr.  McLennan,  though  they 
are  both  more  leaimed  and  more  critical 
than  that  brilliant  pioneer.  As  to  Mr. 
Herbert  Spencer,  Mr.  Jevons  reverses  his 
theory  that  ancestor  worship  is  the  origin 
of  religion  : — 

"  The  notion  that  gods  were  evolved  out  of 

ghosts  is  based  on  an  unproved  assumption 

The  fact  is  that  ancestors  known  to  be  human 
were  not  worshipped  as  gods,  and  that  ancestors 
worshipped  as  gods  were  not  believed  to  have 
been  human." 

Mr.  Jevons  begins  with  the  "calling 
forth  of  the  belief  in  supernatural  power  " 
— its  "  calling  forth,"  not  its  creation — by 
the  violation  of  "  laws  on  which  man  could 
count,  and  sequences  which  he  habitually 
initiated  and  controlled."  Such  events 
seemed  to  him  "  supernatural,"  caused  by 
"  a  mysterious  power."  With  that  power 
man,  to  servo  his  private  ends,  would  try 
to  enter  into  friendly  relations,  regarding 
the  power  as  exercised  by  "a  spirit  having 
affinity  to  his  own."  All  things  were,  of 
course,  animated  to  the  mind  of  this  early 
thinker,  but  were  not  necessarily  "  super- 
natural." "  The  spirits  were  not  in  them- 
selves supernatural  spirits,"  and  only 
became  so  when  man  believed  them  to 
exorcise  "  supernatural  power."  Ho  would 
endeavour  to  locate  the  power,  and  did  so  in 
animals,  or  in  a  common  ancestor  of  his 
and  of  a  given  species  of  animal.  When  he 
tried  to  control  and  direct  the  power,  as  by 
sympathetic  magic,  lie  was  doing  something, 
in  his  opinion,  rather  scientific  than  super- 
natural.    Thus    you   put  sharp  stones  in  an 


enemy's  foot  -  tracks  for  the  purpose  of 
laming  him  by  sympathy.  That  is,  in  your 
state  of  knowledge,  as  scientific,  and  as 
little  supernatural,  as  if  you  gave  your 
enemy  a  dose  of  arsenic.  Thus  magic  is 
not  the  root  of  religion,  for  religion 
is  offended  by  the  assumptions  of  the 
sorcerer.  Yet,  as  in  Chaldaoa  and  in  the 
very  mixed  faith  of  Iamblichus,  religion 
and  magic  may  find  a  modus  vivendi. 

Mr.  Jevons  next  asks  how  man  conceived 
of  the  environing  personalities,  not  himself. 
He  follows  Mr.  Tylor' s  theory  of  dreams  as 
the  source  of  the  savage's  mental  picture  of 
his  own  spirit.  The  spirit  is  detachable  in 
dream,  trance,  and  death ;  it  may  return  from 
the  grave,  and  receives  a  friendly  welcome 
if  it  does  so.  That  welcome  (which  is  not 
worship)  is  extended  to  "  supernatural 
spirits,"  and  then  is  worship.  That  wor- 
ship is  again  transferred  to  natural  spirits 
of  the  ancestral  dead. 

Mr.  Jevons  now  turns  to  taboo,  which, 
he  says,  is  not  derived  from  fear  of  evil 
spirits.  He  derives  it,  oddly  enough,  from 
a  feeling  that  "  some  things  must  never  be 
done,"  and  this  feeling  is  a  "'primitive' 
sentiment,  a  tendency  inherent  in  the  mind 
of  man ....  it  is  prior  to,  and  even  contra- 
dictory of,  experience."  "  The  sentiment  is 
neither  exclusively  moral,  religious,  nor 
social."  Against  this  opinion  the  argu- 
ments are  obvious.  Let  us  take  a  case  or 
two.  "You  must  not  eat  poison  berries," 
that  is  a  prohibition,  not  a  taboo.  But  "  you 
must  not  hear  the  crying  of  the  wild  fowl 
on  the  Loch  of  Tara  "  (if  you  are  an  Irish 
king),  that  is  a  taboo.  Why  must  you  not  ? 
Nobody  knows  ;  but  we  cannot  say  that  such 
senseless  prohibitions  are  devoid  of  a  (sup- 
posed) experimental  foundation.  Perhaps 
once  a  king  was  \mlucky  when  the  fowls 
were  crying  on  the  loch.  Therefore — post 
hoc  et  ergo  propter  hoc — no  king  must  run  tho 
risk  again.  Probably  all  taboos  are  based 
on  a  supposed  experience,  or  (as  many  are) 
on  some  real  though  remote  or  unavowable 
practical  reason.  The  reason  in  the  case 
of  not  eating  poison  berries  is  obvious, 
capable  of  being  tested,  and  so  needs  no 
"supernatural"  sanction,  or  taboo.  But 
when  the  prohibition  was  originally  based 
on  a  supposed  experience,  on  a  fantastic 
theory,  incapable  of  test,  or  was  not  con- 
venient to  be  divulged,  then  tho  super- 
natural sanction  of  taboo  was  called  in. 

This  theory  of  taboos  wo  prefer  to  a  mystic 
a  priori  "  tendency  inherent  in  the  mind  of 
man."  However,  taboo,  bringing  contagious 
punishment,  interested  all  the  community  in 
its  preservation,  and  produced  "the  concep- 
tion of  social  obligation."  The  time  came 
when  the  mechanical,  inevitable,  contagious 
action  of  taboo  was  taken  up  into  religion, 
and  regarded  as  the  prohibition  of  a  god 
who  had  a  reason  for  his  negative  command. 
The  more  religion  advanced,  the  more  rational 
becamo  tho  god,  and,  in  proportion,  tho 
irrational  taboos  died  out  under  the  intluenco 
of  individual  religious  reformers,  till  only 
rational  and  morai  prohibitions  remained  in 
force  (as  taboos)  by  a  process  of  "super- 
natural selection." 

Mr.  Jevons  now  turns  to  totemism  as  the 
first  effort  made  by  man  to  establish  friendly 
society  with  supernatural  forces.  Man  had 
no  associations  except  with  blood  kin  or 
persons   adopted   into   tin1  blood  kin  by  the 


12 


T  II  E     AT  II  EN  M  V  M 


N   3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


blood  covenant.  Ee  oonceiv  <!  that  all 
other  animated  things,  thai  Lb,  everything, 
existed  in  societies  similar  to  his  own.  Ee 
had  Mood  Feuds  villi  beasts,  and  ho  also 
made  covenants  with  species  of  beasts  and 
plants.  These  species  woro  of  his  totem  and 
hoof  theirs.  Ho  and  his  totem  had  a  common 
ancestor.  lie  may  not  kill  or  eat  his  totoin, 
and  now  at  last,  in  the  totem,  "  he  has  gained 
the  supernatural  ally  he  sought."  But  why 
should  he  think  a  hear  or  crane  supernatural 
at  all,  especially  if  he  adopted  the  attitude  of 
tho  Psychical  Society  (as  he  did,  ex  hypothesi), 
regarding  his  uncle's  ghost  as  perfectly 
"natural,"  and  no  more  "supernatural" 
than  his  living  aunt?  How  does  the 
friendly  hear,  quite  natural,  become  the 
"  totem  god"  or  "clan  god,"  who  is  super- 
natural? Why  is  "a  species  of  natural 
objects  conceived  of  as  superhuman  "  ? 
Apparently  Mr.  Jevons  thinks  that  the 
common  ancestor  (a  bear)  of  all  bears  and 
men  of  the  bear  totem  i~,  deified  somehow 
and  is  the  desired  "supernatural  ally."  It 
may  be  our  stupidity,  but  we  cannot  follow 
the  argument  nor  see  where  or  how  "the 
supernatural  "  comes  in. 

AVe  found  man  impressed  with  a  sense 
of  the  supernatural  by  "  the  cussedness  of 
things."  Wo  found  him  trying  to  "  locate" 
the  power  which  works  unlooked-for  phe- 
nomena. He  knew  of  spirits  galore,  and 
regarded  all  things  as  animated,  but  he 
did  not  "locate"  the  mysterious  power  in 
spirits.  He  made  alliance  with  a  species  of 
animals,  and  "located"  the  supernatural 
in  his  and  their  common  ancestor — perhaps 
a  lobster,  and  this  ancestral  lobster  evolved 
into  a  totem  god.  Now,  when  you  have 
once  got  a  totem  god  you  can  anthropo- 
morphize him,  and  then  deanthroponior- 
phize  him,  and  so  forth,  till  you  have  a 
spiritual  god.  But  we  do  not  accept,  or 
even  understand,  Mr.  Jevons's  theory  of 
how  this  totem  god  was  arrived  at  and 
regarded  as  "  supernatural." 

Space  does  not  permit  us  to  follow 
the  survivals  of  totemism,  the  doctrine 
(much  like  Eobertson  Smith's)  of  sacri- 
fice, the  essays  on  the  mysteries  and 
fetishism,  and  the  conclusion.  From 
this  we  learn  that  early  man  "  sought 
to  reconcile  his  internal  and  external 
experience  by  identifying  the  porsonal 
divine  will,  which  manifested  itself  to 
his  inner  consciousness,  with  one  of  the 
personal  agents  in  the  external  world  that 
exercised  an  influence  on  his  fortunes," 
and  these  agents  he  supposed  to  be 
animals,  hence  totems.  This  is 
rather  hazy.  Again,  Mr.  Jevons  writes, 
"In  tho  stage  of  totemism  the  clan 
has  but  one  totem,  one  tribal  god,"  which 
is  a  fallacy.  In  each  local  group  or  tribe, 
socially  united,  and  making  up  a  clan,  there 
are  several  totems  ;  hence  it  is  most  unlikely 
that  such  a  community  cherished  one 
animal  all  over  their  range  of  country,  and 
thus,  as  Mr.  Jovons  supposes,  introduced 
the  domestication  of  animals.  His  book  con- 
tains many  ingenious  apergus,  but  for  an 
introduction  it  is  too  involved,  and  in  our 
opinion  too  fantastic,  while  the  logic  in 
several  places  is  either  not  clear  or  not  con- 
vincing. For  an  introduction  also  it  is 
too  advanced,  and  in  its  theory  does  not 
seem  sufficiently  coherent  or  adequately 
bottomed  on  facts. 


But,  though  tho  volume  appears  rather  to 
miss  its  mark  as  an  introduction,  as  an 
essay  on  comparative  religion  it  is  a  work 
which  no  student  can  afford  to  neglect.  The 
author  is  no  blind  follower  of  any  ma 
and  differs  often  from  Mr.  Frazer.  The 
chapters  on  "Monotheism"  and  "The 
Evolution  of  Belief  "are  excellent  in  tone 
and  spirit,  suggest  ideas  new  to  many  con- 
fident prattlers,  and  are  far  removed  from 
tho  old  reproach  against  tho  irreverence  of 
anthropology. 


NEW   NOVELS. 
The   Betrayal  of  John   Fordham.     By  B.  L. 

Farjeon.  (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
Two-thirds  of  Mr.  Farjeon's  book  is  a  lurid 
temperance  tract.  John  Fordham  is  betrayed 
into  marriage  with  a  confirmed  dipsomaniac, 
and  the  rivalry  and  interested  hatred  of  his 
stepmother  and  half-brother  induce  them  to 
take  the  part  of  the  terrible  wife,  and  to  mis- 
represent the  frequent  scenes  of  noise  and 
riot  to  the  husband's  disadvantage.  So  far 
there  is  little  characterization,  the  principal 
impression  made  being  that  of  the  extreme 
weakness  of  the  husband's  conduct  in  face  of 
so  obvious  a  conspiracy.  The  other  third  is  a 
very  readable  detective  story.  A  good  deal 
of  skill  is  expended  on  the  murder  in  the 
lonely  house  at  Liverpool.  And  so  com- 
plicated are  the  circumstances  surrounding 
it  that  it  is  not  till  the  last  lines  of  the  last 
chapter  that  we  are  enabled,  by  the  aid  of  a 
model  detective,  to  trace  the  guilt  of  the 
crime  to  its  proper  authors.  The  revelations 
of  Jack  Skinner,  couched  in  a  dialect  savour- 
ing strongly  of  shilling  tickets  to  Kempton 
Park,  and  the  self-betrayal  of  Madame 
Loubert  through  the  comic  scene  in  Soho, 
are  the  "pick  of  the  basket"  in  a  literary 
sense.  The  position  of  Ellen  Cameron,  "a 
woman  who  did,"  will  be  variously  estimated. 
On  the  whole,  if  the  earlier  and  polemic 
portion  had  been  obliterated,  Mr.  Farjeon 
might  have  been  congratulated  on  a  success 
in  his  original  manner. 

The   Home   for   Failures.     By   Lady   Violet 

Greville.  (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
If  Lady  Violet  Greville  intended,  as  we 
must  suppose,  to  write  a  tragedy,  she 
should  have  chosen  some  other  title  than 
one  which  inevitably  conveys  tho  idea  of 
extravaganza.  Neither  do  the  opening 
chapters,  which  are  sufficiently  absurd, 
though  without  being  amusing,  prepare  us 
for  the  melancholy  conclusion  of  the  story. 
It  must,  however,  be  admitted  that  Oriza, 
at  all  events,  takes  herself  seriously  when 
she  offers  her  house  and  her  society  to  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  men  and  women 
scarcely  more  restless  and  discontented  with 
life  than  is  their  hostess.  The  results  of 
this  preposterous  scheme  show  a  certain 
insight  into  a  section  of  humanity  that  is 
morbidly  introspective  and  entirely  devoid 
of  humour  ;  but  the  author  has  neither  the 
stylo  nor  the  experience  to  cope  with  such  a 
difficult  subject,  and  the  "failures"  are 
for  the  most  part  unattractive  and  unin- 
teresting. Tho  Hon.  Eachel  Cator,  whose 
good  senso  has  unhappily  so  littlo  influence 
upon  her  friend,  is  the  one  person  in  the 
book  with  any  claim  to  vitality.  We  should 
have  been  glad  to  hear  more  of  her  and 
less  of    her   "  bike,"  which    latter   is  fast 


ming  a  tiresome  intrusion  in  a  class  of 
fiction  that  aspires  above  all  to  be  modern. 

The    Red  Scaur :    a  Novel    of   Manners.     By 

P.  Anderson  Graham.    (Longmans &  Co.) 

Tins    is    an    old-fashioned    leisurely   story 

which  will  afford  small  satisfaction  to  the 

reader  who  approaches  it  in  a  hasty  and 
inconsiderate  spirit.  Tho  "manners"  re- 
ferred to  are  those  of  a  remote  village  in 
Northumberland  some  fifty  and  more  years 
ago,  and  tho  perpetual  digressions  to  pic- 
tures of  local  customs  and  individuals  can 
be  the  readier  forgiven  in  one  who  has  such 
an  intimate  love  and  knowledge  of  country 
life,  and  such  a  charming  manner  of  portray- 
ing it,  as  Mr.  Graham.  The  reader  who  has 
any  sympathy  with  tho  subject  can  hardly 
fail  to  hear  the  rush  of  the  Skelter,  or  to 
feel  the  fresh  air  from  the  Cheviots  on  his 
face,  any  more  than  he  can  withhold  his 
affections  from  old  John  Harbottle,  the 
honest  shepherd  of  the  burn,  or  even  from 
the  reprobate  Billy  "White.  But  he  will 
have  to  wade  through  long-winded  chapters 
concerning  persons  of  a  previous  generation, 
and  follow  the  corrupt  ascent  of  Adam 
Harbottle  from  hind  to  farmer,  before  he  is 
allowed  to  proceed  to  the  main  plot  and 
the  main  persons.  These,  when  reached, 
with  pretty  Lil  and  her  lovers  (of  whom  the 
narrator  is  one)  as  central  figures,  provide 
some  very  stirring  incidents ;  but  owing  to 
the  absence  of  concentration,  or  rather  to 
the  author's  overmastering  passion  for  his 
own  subject,  the  general  impression  left  by 
the  book  is  one  of  a  series  of  delightful  open- 
air  scenes  rather  than  that  of  a  connected 
story. 

Gods    of  Gold.     By    Mrs.  Aylmer   Gowing. 

(White  &  Co.) 
We  will  do  Mrs.  Aylmer  Gowing  the  justice 
to  suppose  that  she  meant  to  give  her  story 
a  highly  moral  tone.  This,  however,  has  not  de- 
barred her  from  letting  her  readers  into  some 
astonishing  secrets,  from  the  dressing-room 
of  the  American  heiress  to  the  vestry  of  the 
Anglican  priest,  and  in  the  latter  case  these 
do  not  edify  as  they  were  obviously  in- 
tended to  do.  When  "  Society's  Belle,  the 
peerless  Ruby  Lynndale,"  is  jilted  by  her 
aristocratic  lover  in  favour  of  Yankee 
money-bags,  she  puts  on  a  black  dress,  and, 
at  "  Godma's  "  advice,  flies  from  her  creditors 
to  the  long-suffering  poor  in  the  East-End. 
Here,  as  was  easily  foreseen,  she  falls  in 
love  with  a  young  priest  of  saint  -  like 
appearance  and  ritualistic  views.  How  her 
affection  is  reciprocated,  and  how  the  poor 
young  man  flies,  like  his  predecessors  in 
history,  to  escape  the  temptress  in  the 
desert,  his  shocking  end,  and  the  melo- 
dramatic proceedings  of  the  sometime 
beauty,  wo  leave  the  author  to  tell  in  lan- 
guage which  is  quite  sufficiently  florid  to 
do  justice  to  such  matters. 

A   Venetian  Love  Story.     By  Blanche  Loftus 

Tottenham.  (Osgood,  Mcllvaine  &  Co.) 
The  theme  of  the  young  woman  who  is 
engaged  to  one  man,  and  on  his  removal — 
whether  accidentally  or  in  the  course  of  his 
vocation — to  a  distance,  goes  and  marries 
another,  has  done  duty  in  fiction  to  an 
extent  hardly  justified  by  the  frequency 
with  which  the  case  occurs  in  real  life. 
The    more  embarrassing  variety  in  which 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


13 


the    inconstant    lady  is    actually  the    wife 
of  the  missing  man  is   probably  far  more 
often  met  with,  but  is  certainly  less  popular 
with    novelists.     Miss  Tottenham  tells  the 
old  tale  once  more,  largely,  it  would  seem, 
as  an  excuse  for  descriptions  of  Venice,  in 
which  city,  we  may  presume,  she  has  re- 
cently made    some    stay.     So  have  others, 
and  some  of  them  have  also  described    it. 
The  practice  is  a  snare.     It  may  please  the 
writer,  but  it  bores  the  reader,  and  in  the 
present  case  rather  predisposes  him  to  take 
a   less    favourable  view    of    the  story  than 
it  deserves.     When  he  finds  the  walls  of 
Burano  shimmering  twice  in  one  chapter, 
and   the   tower    of    old   Torcello    standing 
lonely  and  dark  against  the  shadowy  blue 
outlines  of  the  Alps,  when  the  golden  light 
of  the  afternoon  was    deepening   over  the 
lagunes,  he  is  inclined  to  think  that  Mr. 
Euskin  has  done  all  this  once  for  all,  and 
to  turn  to  something  fresh.     Eeally,  how- 
ever, the  story  is  well  told,  and  if  it  could 
be  compressed  into  one-third  of  the  space 
it  now  occupies,  by  the  excision  of  Torcello, 
Burano,    and    other    accessories,    it    would 
doubtless  be  popular.     Of  course,  it  suffers 
from  the  objection  to  which  most  studies  on 
the  same  theme  are  open — that  the  second 
man  is  in  every  respect,  save  mere  physical 
development,  the  superior  of   his  unlucky 
predecessor  in  the  lady's  affections  ;  and  the 
reader  is  consequently  apt  to  condone  the 
infidelity  in    consideration    of    the  wisdom 
shown  by  the  fickle  damsel  in  getting  out 
of  a  bad  bargain.     The  author,  we  suspect, 
feels  this,  and  therefore  thinks  it  necessary 
to  counteract  any  sympathies  by  insisting 
on    her   heroine's    less    amiable    qualities, 
though     until      the     catastrophe     arrives, 
nothing  that  she  tells  us  of  her  is  incon- 
sistent with  the  career  of  a  well-conducted 
young  person  enough.     Hence    a  want  of 
*' convincingness "  which   rather   takes  the 
edge  off  the  tragedy. 


Mrs. 


Hungerford. 


A    Lonely     Girl.      By 

(Downey  &  Co.) 
The  author  of  this  story  is,  we  fear,  past 
repentance,  or  we  would  urge  her  to  con- 
sider how  much  her  often  touching  love 
stories  lose  by  the  rough  clowning  which 
passes  for  wit  among  her  young  men  and 
maidens.  In  the  present  case  we  have  a 
party  assembled  at  an  Irish  country  house, 
and  besides  the  horse-play,  which  wo  believe 
is  considered  humorous  in  circles  which  aim 
at  high  fashion,  there  is  the  clumsy  joker 
who  never  would  be  missed,  but  whom  we 
never  fail  to  meet  in  Mrs.  Hungerford's 
pages.  In  the  present  case  he  is  called 
Owen  Magrath,  and  his  banjo,  his  jests,  and 
himself  are  equally  intolerable.  We  also 
have  the  loud,  fat  Irish  matron,  whose  per- 
sonal defects  are  insisted  on  as  suggestive  of 
mirth.  Here  she  iscalled  Madam O' Flaherty, 
and  is  as  vulgar  as  usual.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  "lonely  girl"  herself  is  all  that  is 
desirable,  and  the  lover  who,  more  by  luck 
than  good  guidance,  relioves  her  solitary 
6tate,  is  a  passable jeune  premier.  SirLucicn, 
the  wicked  uncle,  is  too  unmitigated  in  his 
avarice  and  tyranny. 

A  Proctor's   Wooing.      By  Alan  St.  Aubyn. 

(White  &  Co.) 
'  A  Proctor's  Wooino  '  is  anothor  of  Alan 
8t.  Aubyn's  fictions  of  university  life,  and 


it  shows  all  the  qualities  and  defects  of  its 
precursors.  The  author  is  more  original  in 
some  of  his  (or  her)  statements  in  respect 
of  Cambridge  manners  and  customs,  and  in 
certain  points  of  Euglish  syntax,  than  in 
devising  names  for  the  characters  of  the 
story,  some  of  which  are  taken  in  full  from 
living  persons  not  unknown  to  fame.  As 
for  the  originality  of  statement  and  implica- 
tion, we  learn  for  the  first  time  that  young 
women  at  Newnham  are  undergraduates, 
and  that  they  expect  degrees — as  of  course 
they  would  if  they  were  really  undergra- 
duates. We  hear  of  frequent  visits  made 
by  men  to  Newnham  and  women  to  St. 
Crispin's,  of  a  duel  with  pistols  between 
undergraduates,  and  of  other  things  which 
would  have  been  exceedingly  improbable, 
if  not  absolutely  impossible,  at  any  rate 
in  the  undergraduate  days  of  the  present 
writer.  Clearly  the  author  would  not  be 
ill  advised  in  selecting  a  different  set  of 
surroundings  and  characteristics,  in  which 
slight  errors  of  detail  might  be  less  con- 
spicuous, wherewith  to  eke  out  a  very 
respectable  talent  for  romance. 

Stella's  Story.     By    Darley  Dale.     (Virtue 

&Co.) 
It  is  not  every  young  lady  whose  lover, 
having  married  some  one  else  from  motives 
of  duty,  finds  himself  within  a  few  months 
enabled,  owing  to  a  colliery  explosion,  to 
return  to  her  and  resume  with  a  more  for- 
tunate result  the  relations  temporarily  in- 
terrupted by  his  aberration  into  the  paths 
of  self-sacrifice.  On  the  other  hand,  it  may 
be  said  that  not  every  young  man  owns  a 
colliery  where  matters  are  conducted  in  the 
casual  fashion  that  seems  to  have  prevailed 
in  Mr.  Paul  Benson's  pit.  "Lying  on 
their  backs  in  all  directions,"  we  read, 
"  were  a  number  of  almost  naked  men  ;  in 
their  caps  they  wore  lighted  candles." 
Setting  aside  the  physical  difficulty  of  wear- 
ing a  lighted  candle  in  your  cap  when  you 
are  lying  on  your  back,  we  may  observe 
that,  with  this  easygoing  use  of  naked 
lights  at  the  "face,"  the  accident  which 
terminated  the  short  married  life  of  the  first 
Mrs.  Benson  was  bound  to  occur  early  and 
often,  and  further  that  somebody  would 
hardly  in  real  life  have  escaped  a  trial  for 
manslaughter.  Before  "Darley  Dale" 
makes  anothor  story  turn  on  the  chances 
of  coal-mining,  she  had  better  ascertain  a 
little  more  about  the  way  in  which  that 
industry  is  carried  on.  In  the  presence  of 
such  a  monstrous  bit  of  carelessness  as  that 
we  have  pointed  out,  it  is  hardly  worth 
while  to  remark  that  there  are  no  such 
places  in  Venice  as  the  "Eiva  de  Schiavone  " 
or  the  "  Scuola  di  San  Eocca,"  and  that  the 
student  of  architecture  does  not  look  for 
the  "Early  English"  style  in  France. 
Otherwise  the  book  is  commonplace,  and 
the  business  of  the  twin  sisters  and  their 
lovers  is  occasionally  a  trifle  vulgar. 


TWO  BOOKS  ABOUT  JAPAN. 

The  Hermit  Princes:  a  Tale  of  Adventure  in 
Japan,  by  Eleanor  Stredder  (Nelson  &  Sons), 
is  a  confused  story,  or  rather  a  scries  of 
scenes  in  which  an  English  boy  wrecked 
upon  the  coast  of  Ainuland  ;  a  ci-devant 
Daimio,  rejoicing  in  the  extraordinary  title  or 
namo  Go-lnkyo,  who  manages  to  keep  up  his 
train  of  "  yaconins  "  and  much  of  his  former 
state    under    the    new   regime ;    and   a    variety  ' 


of  anachronistic  Japanese,  play  their  several 
parts.  The  adventures  are  anything  but  thrill- 
ing, and  the  local  colour  and  properties  are 
taken  from  current  books  on  Japan,  which 
accounts  for  their  being  about  as  real  as  the 
trappings  of  Gilbert  and  Sullivan's  '  Mikado.' 
To  those  who  know  something  of  Japan 
such  names  as  "Ottena,"  "O  Ginka  San,"  and 
"Archikaga,"  such  expressions  as  "  nam  honto," 
mistakes  like  "Jesu  Sama "  for  Jizo  Sama, 
and  the  strange  reproduction  of  the  alphabet- 
quatrain  "Iroha,"  &c,  on  p.  252,  will  suffi- 
ciently indicate  the  competence  of  the  author 
to  execute  the  task  she  has  undertaken. 

Sunrise  Stories,    by   Roger    Riordan   and   T. 
Takayanagi   (Kegan    Paul   &    Co.),    is  a  book 
of  a  very   different    order   from    '  The    Hermit 
Princes.'      The    score    of    tales    and    sketches 
of    which    it    consists,     though    inferior    from 
a    literary    point    of    view   to     Mr.    Mitford's 
charming     'Tales    of    Old    Japan,'    are    more 
interesting   in   that    they  convey  a  much  more 
adequate  notion  of  Japanese  legend  and  fiction 
than  was  possible  twenty  years  ago.     Some  of 
the  prettier  myths   are  shortly  narrated  ;    ex- 
amples are  given  of  the  style  and  substance  of 
the  mediaeval  monogatari;  portions  of  the  well- 
known  TosaNikki(Tosa  Journal)  are  condensed  ; 
of  the  universally  popular  '  Chiushingura '  the  out- 
line is  told  ;  and  of  one  of  the  best,  perhaps  (but 
not  the  very  best),  of  the  novels  of  Bakin — "  the 
Japanese  Scott  " — a  brief  epitome  is  presented. 
The  best  of  these  stories  are  undoubtedly  the 
'Chiushingura,'  or   'Loyal  League,'  long  since 
translated   by  Mr.  Dickins,  and    Mistress  Ail's 
half-regretful  narrative,  told  in  early  Tokugawa 
days,     of     the    bloody    times     of     her     youth, 
when  the  great  Gongensama    extinguished  the 
rivalry    of    the    feudal    barons   and    closed    the 
long  struggle  that  began  with  the  wars  between 
Satsuma  and  Hideyoshi,  to  end  in  the  supremacy 
of  the  Tokugawa  house  that  was  to  endure  for 
nearly  two  centuries  and  a  half,  itself  to  cease 
with    the     re-enthronement    of     the     Mikado, 
heralded  by  the  cannon  of  Commodore  Perry. 
But   more    interesting   still    than    the   stories, 
which,  despite  a  certain  quaintness  of  concep- 
tion,  are    equally   wanting  in   point,    humour, 
pathos,  or  skill  in  narration — to  tell  the  truth, 
Japanese    literature,    with   rare   exceptions,   is 
insufferably   dull   and    prolix— are    Mr.    Taka- 
yanagi's    own    recollections    of    the    last  years 
of   old   Japan,  with  which   the   volume  closes. 
"  Each  day,"  to  make  one  quotation, 
"awakened  by  the  noise  of  a  universal  clapping  of 
hands— the  entire  population  of  the  city  greeting 
the    morning    sun— he    [the    present    writer,    Mr. 
Takayanagi]  has  risen    to  an  early  breakfast  of  tea 
and   salt  prunes,  intended  more  as  a  sort  of  sacra- 
ment to  purify  the  soul  than  as  food  to  nourish  the 
body.     After  the  daily  hot  hath  and  worship  at  the 
household  shrine  of  Buddha  came  a  more  substantial 
meal  of  bean  soup,  hoiled  rice,  and  pickled  radishes 
[the    famous    daikon,    of    which    the    odour,    Miss 
Bird  tells  us,  has  made  many  a  brave  man  lie,']  ;   and 
then  the  walk  to  school  through  the  walled  Samurai 
quarter,  a  belt  of  cultivated  ground  aud  scattered 
dwellings  drawn  close  around  the  castle,  ami  itself 
enclosed  on  all  sides  by  the  multitudinous  roofs  of 
the  city.     Bach   house  "stood   in  its  own   rice-fields 
and  vegetable  gardens,  irrigated  by  channels  drawn 
from  the  river,  which  here   came  out  to  the  light 
after  a  subterranean  course  through  the  lower  town 
[Saga  in  Hizen].    The  stream  circled  through  the 
castle    moat,  gay  in   summer    with    the   huge   pink 
blossoms  of  the  "lotus,  and  passed  out  again  in  dark- 
ness,  running    under    crowded    streets    and    close- 
packed    houses.       The  citizens    were    required    to 
show  their  wooden  paSB-ticketa  at  the  gates  before 
they  were  permitted  to   enter  the  castle   precincts. 
At  school  we  were  taught  to  read  and  write  Chinese 
as  well  as  Japanese,  and  on  cold  winter  nights,  in  a 
big  annex  to    the   school    building,   we    practised 
fencing  with    bamboo  swords   and    wooden   spears, 
and  also  wrestling  in  the  Japanese  manner,  calcu- 
lated   to    give    strength    and    suppleness    to    everv 
portion  Of  the  body.      In    summer   we   had    mimes  of 
polo,  and  were  taught  to  shoot  with  bow  and    arrow 

from  horseback,    in  fact  we  were  (mined  as  though 
we  were  still  in  the  Middle  Ages." 
It   is    to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Takayanagi    re- 
peats the  stupid  libel  on  the  murdered  English- 


11 


T  II  E     A  T  II  E  X  .!•:  0  M 


\  3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


man  Richardson,  whom  he  charges  with  tho  in- 
eredibly  silly  exploit  of  "spurring  his  hone  in 
a  spirit  of  bravado  [though  accompanied  byalady  | 
into  tlic  ninks  of  a  [Daimio's]  procession  "  num- 
bering Borne  thousands  of  retainers.  The  absolute 
groundlessness  of  this  accusation  is  sufficiently 
Bhown  in  tho  despatches  of  the  period,  and 
more  recently  in  tho  '  Life  of  Sir  Harry  Parkes.' 
Tho  authors,  who  see  in  Japan  a  country  that 
OOmeS  as  near  as  possible  in  this  imperfect 
world  to  the  ideal  condition  of  altruism,  regard 
its  literature  as  one  of  form  without  much  sub- 
stance. Korea,  China,  and  Formosa  may  have 
something  to  say  to  the  former  assertion  ;  with 
the  latter  we  agree,  but  the  form  is  "common 
form."  Of  Lieut.  Dickens's  translation  of  the 
'  Taketori  Btonogatari'  we  have  not  heard. 
We  have  seen  one  by  Mr.  Dickins,  who  trans- 
lated the  '  Chiushingura.'  The  versions  given 
of  some  of  the  curious  prefaces  to  the  '  Fugaku 
Hyakkei '  ('  Hundred  Views  of  Fuji ')  seem 
to  have  been  taken  from  the  translation  of 
Hokusai's  celebrated  work  published  some 
years  ago,  with  some  alterations,  but  no  ac- 
knowledgment —  a  proceeding  not  out  of 
keeping  with  the  American  origin  of  the  book 
before  us. 


BOOKS   FOR   THE    YOUNG. 

Flix  and  Flox,  by  Mrs.  Heathcote  Statham 
(Blackie  &  Son),  is  a  pretty  tale  of  a  tiny  brother 
and  sister  who,  in  their  beautiful  Cornish  home, 
learned  to  think  for  others  and  to  do  what  they 
could  for  the  little  children  pent  up  in  the 
slums  of  great  cities.  'Flix  and  Flox'  is  a 
very  small  book,  but  it  is  all  good,  and, 
moreover,  it  is  attractive. — Miss  E.  Everett- 
Green  in  Squib  and  his  Friends  (Nelson  & 
Sons)  furnishes  a  delightful  glimpse  into 
child  life.  Squib,  "  the  odd  one "  in  his 
family,  is  not  an  ordinary  lad.  He  is  one  who 
thinks  and  has  the  power  of  expressing  his 
thoughts.  He  is  a  brave  and  engaging  little 
fellow,  and  attracts  to  him  friends  worth  having, 
and  the  story  of  his  doings  with  his  friends  is 
worth  reading. 

When  readers  hear  that  Every  Inch  a  Sailor 
(Nelson  &  Sons)  is  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Gordon 
Stables,  they  will  know  what  to  expect.  Frederick 
Augustus  Norval  Gay  is  as  frank  and  as  brave 
and  as  capable  as  all  the  Doctor's  heroes,  and 
his  adventures  are  every  whit  as  marvellous  as 
those  over  which  boys  are  accustomed  to  pore. 
When  they  first  make  Fred's  acquaintance  he  is 
a  lad  of  twelve,  living  in  a  beautiful  and 
luxurious  home ;  but  the  spell  of  the  sea 
is  on  him,  and  he  breaks  away. — For  Duty's 
Sale  (Jarrold  &  Sons)  is  a  collection  of 
"stirring  stories  of  noble  lives  "  told  by  Miss 
Mary  Douglas,  who  begins  the  tale  with 
that  "friend  of  the  friendless,"  Lord  Shaftes- 
bury, harks  back  to  Nelson,  Sir  John  Franklin, 
and  John  Howard,  and  gives  also  the  strange 
and  wonderful  stories  of  Sister  Dora  and  of 
Father  Damien. 

The  "Fifty-two  Library  "  is  growing  ajiace. 
Some  of  its  volumes  are  excellent,  others  not  so 
good.  Fifty-two  Stories  of  Pluck,  Peril,  and 
Romance  for  Girls  (Hutchinson  &  Co.)  must  fall, 
we  are  afraid,  into  the  second  class.  Some  of 
the  tales  are  interesting  enough,  but  many  of 
them  are  trivial  and  hardly  worth  telling. — 
L.  T.  Meade  is  certainly  more  successful  when 
she  deals  with  children  than  when  she  attempts 
to  grapple  with  that  very  difficult  creature 
the  grown  -  up  girl.  A  Little  Mother  to  the 
Others  (White  &  Co.)  is  the  history  of  four 
fascinating  little  mortals,  who  surely  have  not 
merited  their  cruel  fate.  Their  mother  dies, 
their  father  goes  off  to  the  Himalayas,  and  they 
are  left  to  the  care  of  a  well  -  meaning, 
but  hard  -  hearted  aunt,  from  whom  they 
are  stolen  by  gipsies,  and  then  sold  to 
circus  folk.  In  spite  of  all  these  woes  the 
book  is  quite  charming,  and  will  certainly 
be  attractive  to  those  who  care  for  chil- 
dren,   if    not    to    the    children    themselves.  — 


.1/.  |  , ;/   QirU    Of   England,    by  the  same    author 

(Oaasell  &  Co.),  is  of  quite  a  different  type 
The  girl  heroines  —  who,  by  the  way,  are 
ii  .i   particularly  merry— being   bereft   of  their 

parents  and  guardians,  seek  in  divers  ways  to 
maintain  themselves.  The  best  of  them  take 
to  fanning,  but  the  least  interesting  goes  to 
London  to  write  for  a  livelihood.  We  heat  a 
good  deal  more  of  her  than  of  her  country  sish 
and  what  we  hear  we  do  not  much  like.  There 
is  a  good  deal  of  mysterious  and  involved  family 
history  in  'Merry  Girls  of  England';  the 
mystery  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  literary 
Barbara  and  her  farm  sisters.  Altogether  the 
story  does  not  hang  together  too  perfectly,  and 
we  much  prefer  the  tale  of  the  stolen  children 
with  all  its  cares  and  sorrows. 

Every  Girl's  Bool;,  edited  by  Mrs.  M.  Whitley 
(Routledge),  is  a  most  useful  and  attractive 
volume,  containing  information  and  advice  from 
writers  altogether  competent  to  instruct  and 
advise  on  "all  matters  connected  with  girlish 
sports,  occupations,  and  pastimes."  There  are 
articles  on  gardening,  on  golf,  on  cycling — the 
last  from  the  pen  of  Miss  Lillias  Campbell 
Davidson,  the  1'resident  of  the  Ladies'  Cycling 
Association — and  on  all  the  other  outdoor 
occupations  and  amusements  which  are  dear  to 
girls.  Lady  John  Hay,  who  writes  from  prac- 
tical experience,  gives  many  excellent  hints  as 
to  poultry  rearing  and  dairy  farming — two  de- 
lightful occupations,  which  can  be  developed  into 
paying  professions.  Home  studies  and  many 
forms  of  indoor  occupation  and  amusement 
occupy  due  space.  Mrs.  Conyers  Morrell,  an 
acknowledged  authority  on  needlework,  has 
revised  and  enlarged  the  section  devoted  to 
that  all-important  subject.  The  Duchess  of 
Teck  gives  a  most  interesting  account  of  "The 
Needlework  Guild,"  of  which  she  is  president  ; 
and  Lady  Jeune,  who  knows  more  than  most  of 
us  of  the  modern  training  of  girls,  and  has,  more- 
over, the  gift  of  bright  and  clear  exposition, 
contributes  some  valuable  articles  on  home 
studies,  on  the  duties  of  girls  in  the  way  of 
district  visiting,  teaching  poor  children,  and 
helping  to  bring  brightness  into  the  lives  of 
others  less  happily  situated  than  themselves. 
'Every  Girl's  Book,'  in  its  present  form,  ought 
to  be  widely  known  and  studied. 

The  reader  is  introduced  to  many  of  the  per- 
sonages in  The  Zankiwank  andthc  Blether witch,  by 
S.  J.  Adair  (Dent  &  Co.),  at  Charing  Cross  Station, 
whither  they  have  rushed  to  catch  the  train  for 
Fableland—  a  very  clever  illustration  shows  some 
of  them  in  the  act.  Such  a  set  of  passengers 
were  never  seen,  and  well  might  Willie  and 
Maud  think  that  they  themselves  were  dream- 
ing. They  sing,  they  dance,  they  rhyme,  and 
make  fun  all  through  the  book,  with  a  bewildering 
effect — thewholebook,  indeed,  instead  of  onepart, 
might  have  been  entitled  '  Topsy  Turvey  Land.' 
It  is  full  of  gaiety  and  cleverness,  and  yet  when 
we  shut  it  we  feel  that  "  the  indicative  mood 
has  been  disturbed."  To  undei-stand  this 
allusion  the  book  must  be  read,  and  somehow 
we  cannot  help  thinking  we  have  seen  the 
volume  before.  Many  of  the  "pictures"  by 
Mr.  Arthur  Rackham  are  good  and  amusing. 


SCOTTISH    STORIES. 

Kate  Carnegie,  and  those  Ministers.  By  Tan 
Maclaren.  (Hodder&  Stoughton.)— Dr. Watson's 
new  book  should  be  read  by  all  Southrons  who 
care  to  become  acquainted  with  the  inmost 
recesses  of  Scotch  character  of  the  better  sort. 
Some  of  the  personages  who  contribute  to  the 
life  of  these  sketches  and  serve  to  consolidate 
the  several  scenes  into  a  connected  story  are  of 
our  old  acquaintance.  The  saintly  Marget 
and  her  inappreciative  husband,  Drumsheugh, 
Burnbrae,  Hillocks,  and  Jamie  Soutar  are  "all 
members  of  the  society  we  wot  of.  Only  the 
brave  doctor  seems  missing  from  the  familiar 
company.  But  his  place  is  occupied  by  the 
striking     figure    of    "  Rabbi  "    Saunderson,    a 


Bingle  hearted  Calvinist  saint,  who,  if  any  one, 
combines    the    love    of    man    with    the    most 

slavish  dread  of  God.  Beyond  and  beneath 
his  superficial  eccentricities — his  unexhausted 
appetite  for  books,  his  indifference  and  absence 

of  mind  about  domestic  trifles,  his  indiscriminate 

charity,  his  habit  of  turning  his  back  to  the 
wind  for  the  convenience  of  taking  snuff,  and 
then  pursuing  the  direction  in  which  he  finds 
his  face  -there  is  suggested  a  spiritual  conflict,  of 
which  the  pure  soul  and  attenuated  frame  of  the 
Rabbi  are  the  proper  theatre.  It  is  characteristic 
of  our  author's  graver  mood.  The  ways  of  the 
Presbytery  and  its  clerk  ;  the  deft  formalism 
with  which  they  minimize  the  presentment  of 
John  Carmichael  for  heresy  which  has  caused  the 
Rabbi  so  many  a  pang,  and  indirectly  costs  him 
his  life  ;  the  admirable  description  of  the  "occa- 
sion," or  ministration  of  the  sacrament ;  the 
humours  of  beadles  and  the  housekeepers  of 
bachelor  ministers  —  all  these  are  the  fruit  of 
considerable  observation,  and  in  suitable  instances 
abound  in  quiet  humour.  Excellent,  too,  is  the 
account  —  founded,  as  the  present  writer  well 
remembers,  on  sad  fact — of  the  Glasgow  Bank 
convulsion,  a  catastrophe  foreseen  by  Dr.  David- 
son's beadle,  horrified  at  the  notion  that  his 
master  has  gone  "fey."  ("The  best  o's  tempts 
Providence  at  a  time,  and  when  a  man  like  the 
Doctor  tries  to  rin  aifter  his  dog,  jidgment  canna 
be  far  off.")  Many  readers  will  still  more 
appreciate  the  description  of  Perth  station  in 
August,  and  of  the  commanding  tactician  who 
brings  order  out  of  the  confusion  of  the  trains. 
We  know  not  whether  the  author  is  aware  of  that 
functionary's  wrath  on  one  of  such  occasions, 
when  a  malicious  traveller  got  the  train  stopped 
as  it  was  quitting  the  platform,  only  to  inquire 
sweetly,  "Is  this  Joppie  I" — a  comparison  of 
deadly  insolence.  For  one  of  his  good  things, 
the  absolution  of  the  claret  "after  three 
several  appearances,"  Dr.  Watson  should  have 
acknowledged  his  obligation  to  Dean  Ramsay. 
We  have  left  ourselves  no  space  to  deal  with  the 
story  ;  but,  indeed,  it  is  of  the  slightest.  We 
note  in  Janet  and  Donald  an  aptitude  for  the 
appreciation  of  Highland  character  not  very 
common  in  Scotch  novelists,  and,  on  the  whole, 
can  honestly  welcome  a  many-sided,  if  rather 
heterogeneous  collection  of  sketches  by  one  who 
knows  his  countrymen. 

George  Umber,  the  author  of  Ayrshire  Idylls 
of  other  Days  (A.  Gardner),  is,  as  he  says,  a  senti- 
mentalist. It  is  also  clear  that  he  is  a  lover  of 
our  eighteenth  century  classics,  and  that  he  has 
acquired  certain  mannerisms  from  Charles  Lamb. 
Apart  from  this,  the  even  flow  of  reflection  and 
reminiscence,  neither  striking  nor  profound, 
will  attract  few  readers,  although  for  persons 
completely  ignorant  of  Scotland  such  chapters 
as  'The  Old  Pew,'  'Between  the  Preachings,' 
Ac.,  may  possess  something  of  novelty.  It 
may  be  conceded  that  the  author's  descrip- 
tive style  is  fluent,  and  that  the  illus- 
trations of  Mr.  William  Findlay  are  passable. 
There  is  no  excess  of  vernacular  Scotch  in  the 
book,  and  not  a  grain  of  humour. 

The  title  of  Mr.  David  Lyall's  collection  of 
religious  stories,  The  Land  of  the  Leal  (Hodder  & 
Stoughton),  is  probably  used  in  its  proper  sense, 
not  that  unaccountably  adopted  by  Mr.  Glad- 
stone. But  the  series,  which  is  strung  together 
loosely  through  the  personality  of  'Lisbeth  Gray, 
the  pious  wife  of  "  Staneriggs  "  the  farmer,  has 
to  do  with  Scotland,  and  more  particularly  with 
South-Country  farmers,  miners,  and  "mer- 
chants." It  cannot  be  said  that  the  book  is 
particularly  exciting  or  shows  a  great  deal  of 
literary  power.  But  some  of  the  tales  are 
pathetic,  notably  that  entitled  'One  of  the 
Weak  Things  of  the  World,'  which  might,  the 
sardonic  will  say,  have  been  the  title  of  the  book. 
There  is  not  any  great  extravagance  in  vernacular 
spelling  or  diction,  though  the  author's  own 
narrative  is  amusingly  full  of  Scotticisms.  On 
the  whole,  the  work  should  be  popular  in  reli- 
gious circles. 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


15 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Bibliographica.  Parts  VII.  and  VIII.  (Kegan 
Paul  &  Co.)  — In  the  two  parts  of  Biblio- 
graphica, which  complete  the  second  volume  of 
this  sumptuous  publication,  the  embellishment 
of  both  the  interiors  and  the  exteriors  of  books 
occupies  the  greater  portion  of  the  space.  Half 
of  the  twelve  articles  to  be  found  in  the 
numbers  deal  solely  with  the  beautifying  of 
the  book,  the  remainder  with  the  making  of  the 
book,  special  books,  and  book-publishing.  Those 
beautiful  productions  of  the  Venetian  craftsmen 
of  the  late  fifteenth  and  early  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, the  "Ducali,"  form  the  subject  of 
an  excellent  article  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Bradley, 
who  points  at  the  outset  to  the  singular 
fact  that  at  this  period  there  is  an  almost 
entire  cessation  in  the  production  of  the 
sumptuous  liturgical  manuscripts  which  were  so 
marked  a  feature  of  the  immediately  preceding 
age.  This  was  not  due  to  the  absence  of  quali- 
fied craftsmen,  but,  it  would  seem,  to  a  lack  of 
interest  at  the  moment  in  the  production  of  such 
works,  and  perhaps  to  a  slight  accession  of 
austerity.  More  probably  still,  however,  it  may 
be  attributed  to  an  increased  civic  activity,  for 
we  find  that  a  company  of  craftsmen  was  formed 
whose  work  and  pride  it  was,  as  hnpressors, 
stampadors,  and  miniators,  to  produce  exquisite 
specimens  of  the  book-making  art.  To  the  zest 
kindled  by  the  inauguration  of  such  a  guild  we 
most  likely  owe  the  production  of  the  "Ducali," 
which  Mr.  Bradley  classifies  under  four  heads  : 
"Promissioni,"  i.e.,  the  oaths  taken  by  the 
Doges;  "  Comissioni,"  the  diplomas  granted  by 
them;  "  Capitolari,"  statutory  commissions; 
and  "Mariegole,"  statutes  and  regulations  of 
the  various  orders  and  guilds  of  the  province. 
The  number  of  these  documents  was  naturally 
considerable,  and  specimens  have  gradually 
found  their  way  into  various  great  libraries  of 
Europe.  Some  idea  of  their  character  may  be 
obtained  from  the  illustrations  given,  which 
indicate  a  rare  faculty  for  beauty  of  design. 

Although  the  decoration  of  religious  books  in 
Venice  during  the  period  referred  to  was  some- 
what in  abeyance,  such  work  had  been  prose- 
cuted with  great  energy  only  a  few  years  before. 
This  activity  is  much  in  evidence  in  the  article 
on  '  The  Grotesque  and  Humorous  in  the 
Illuminations  of  the  Middle  Ages,'  by  Sir  E. 
Maunde  Thompson.  He  accounts  for  the 
anachronism  which  is  so  patent  in  these 
productions  by  assuming  that  the  illumina- 
tions had  little  relevancy  to  the  matter  of 
the  manuscripts,  and  were  in  no  sense  illus- 
trations of  the  text.  He  assumes  that  such 
ornament  was  merely  a  matter  of  tradition  ;  and 
the  recurrence,  in  manuscripts  of  different 
schools,  of  varieties  of  ornamentation  distinctive 
of  each  school,  all  agreeing  in  their  irrele- 
vancy, seems  sufficient  proof  that  the  assump- 
tion is  correct.  The  illustrations  of  this  im- 
portant article  are  well  selected.  One  cannot 
but  be  struck  with  the  Japanese  or  Chinese 
aspect  of  some  of  these  grotesques,  that  on 
p.  313  being  the  most  notable  instance. 

Mr.  R.  K.  Douglas  deals  with  '  Chinese 
Illustrated  Books'  in  a  way  which  leaves  the 
reader  somewhat  undecided  whether  Chinese  or 
Japanese  artists  are  the  better.  The  examples 
which  he  selects  do  not  certainly  suggest  a  very 
exalted  opinion  of  the  former,  and,  although  they 
belong  to  different  periods,  exhibit  universally 
the  crudeness  without  beauty  of  line  which, 
in  this  department  at  any  rate,  puts  the  Chinese 
sadly  behind  most  other  nations  of  whoso  art  in 
bonk-  production  anything  is  known. 

Of  a  curious  and  intricate  subject  Mr.  A.  W. 
Pollard  furnishesan  excellent  account  in  his  article 
on  '  The  Transference  of  Woodcuts  in  the  Fif- 
teenth and  Sixteenth  Centuries.'  It  has  been 
found  that  some  of  the  illustrations  of  books 
printed  in  France,  Germany,  and  Italy  are 
also  to  be  found  in  books  printed  in  England, 
and  the  question  as  to  the  method  of  procedure 


is  interesting  enough  to  spur  on  the  inves- 
tigator to  fresh  efforts  with  every  new  find. 
Such  transferences  may  have  been  made  in 
various  ways  :  woodcuts  may  have  been  bought, 
borrowed,  or  stolen,  and  undoubtedly  each  of 
these  three  methods  was  adopted  in  various 
cases.  In  borrowing  or  buying,  the  original 
block  or  a  replica  of  it,  either  in  wood  or 
soft  metal,  would  be  transferred  ;  but  in  the 
stealing,  or,  as  copyright  was  in  those  days 
an  unknown  quantity,  we  should,  perhaps, 
say  the  appropriation  process,  the  design  only 
was  used,  either  entirely  or  in  part,  as  the 
basis  of  a  new  picture,  varying  more  or  less  in 
detail.  A  whole  series  of  such  variations  has 
been  traced  by  Mr.  Pollard,  and  one  of  the 
commonest  and  most  readily  observed  appro- 
priations occurs  in  the  frequent  renewals  of 
designs,  where  the  right  side  becomes  the  left 
and  contrariwise.  Such  reversals  were  made  in 
two  ways:  either  by  the  copyist  transferring  the 
design  to  his  block  by  pasting  it  on  and  cutting 
through  the  impression,  or  by  his  simply  copy- 
ino-  it°more  or  less  closely  from  the  print,  and 
then  cutting  in  the  usual  way.  Many  amusing 
instances  of  his  researches  are  given  by  the 
author  of  this  fruitful  paper. 

The  exterior  ornamentation  of  books  is 
dealt  with  in  an  article  on  'The  Decoration 
of  Book  Edges,'  in  which  Mr.  Cyril  Davenport 
gives  us  a  sketch  of  this  form  of  craft  work  from 
its  inception  in  the  fourteenth  century.  Dis- 
carding the  theory  that  the  original  germ  of 
such  decoration  is  to  be  found  in  the  practice 
sometimes  adopted  of  inscribing  the  title  on 
the  edges  instead  of  the  binding,  when  it  was 
customary  for  books  to  lie  on  their  sides,  Mr. 
Davenport  traces  it  back  to  the  period  when 
Byzantine  influence  in  European  art  was  still 
potent.  Such  decoration  resolves  itself  into 
three  divisions :  in  the  first  the  edges  were 
either  left  plain  or  painted  a  natural  colour, 
upon  which  the  design  was  drawn  ;  the  second, 
in  which  the  edges  were  gilded  and  then  worked 
upon  with  binders'  tools,  towards  the  end  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  entirely  superseded  the 
first  class;  and  the  third,  originating  in  the  latter 
half  of  the  seventeenth,  reappears  about  the  close 
of  the  eighteenth  century  in  England.  This  last 
class,  which  is  the  most  elaborate,  consists  of  paint- 
ings of  portraits,  landscapes,  and  conventional 
and  heraldic  designs,  which  are  generally  only 
visible  when  the  leaves  of  the  book  are  sloped. 
Examples  of  each  of  these  classes  are  described, 
and  the  descriptions  illustrated  with  some  beau- 
tiful colour  reproductions. 

In  'The  Book- plates  of  J.  Skinner  of  Bath,' 
Mr.  W.  J.  Hardy  provides  lovers  of  ex-libris 
with  a  subject  deserving  even  closer  study  than 
he  has  himself  been  able  at  present  to  give  to 
it.  He  has  discovered  a  few  more  particulars 
than  those  given  by  Lord  de  Tabley,  but  even 
now  the  information  about  this  excellent  de- 
signer and  friend  of  Gainsborough  is  but 
scanty.  The  high  character  of  his  work  may 
be  well  seen  in  the  numerous  reproductions  of 
book-plates  from  his  hand  which  accompany  the 
article. 

Two  special  books  are  dealt  with  in  these 
numbers  in  'Notes  on  the  Latin  Bible  of 
Forty-two  Lines,  1455,'  by  Mr.  Russell  Mar- 
tineau,  and  '  Puckle's  Club,'  by  Mr.  Austin 
Dobson.  The  former  is  a  careful  collation  of 
a  considerable  number  of  copies  of  the  Mainz 
Bible  ascribed  to  Gutenberg,  the  results  of 
which  are  somewhat  remarkable,  not  to  say 
confusing,  although  treated  by  Mr.  Martineau 
in  as  luminous  a  manner  as  was  possible 
where  so  much  that  seems  unmeaning  has  to 
be  accounted  for.  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  writes 
charmingly  of  .lames  Puckle,  notary,  inventor, 
speculator,  and  author,  who  in  1711  issued 
'The  Club  ;  or,  a  Dialogue  between  Father  and 
Son.'  As  we  have  spoken  of  him  in  noticing 'Eigh- 
teenth Century  Vignettea'  in  another  column,  we 
need  only  here  mention  the  biographical  details. 
'The   Club'  itself,  with  its  sub-title   'A   Grey 


Cap  for  a  Green  Head,'  as  it  first  appeared 
in  the  edition  of  1723,  is  bibliographically 
described  and  critically  appraised.  In  both 
aspects  it  has  a  very  considerable  interest, 
for  it  ran  through  several  editions,  one  of 
which  was  of  the  most  sumptuous  character,  and 
its  moral  maxims  are  by  no  means  inelegantly 
expressed  or  devoid  of  that  humour  which  is 
the  most  effective  ally  of  morality. 

The  history  of  printing  is  further  elucidated 
by  part  iii.  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Allnutt's  'English 
Provincial  Presses,'  in  which  he  treats  of  the 
private  press  of  Sir  Henry  Savile  at  Eton  ;  the 
King's  Printer  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne  in  1639  ; 
and  the  presses  of  the  Civil  War  and  the  Revo- 
lution. To  the  description  of  these  is  added  a 
valuable  chronology  of  the  provincial  presses 
from  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century  to  the 
close  of  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth.  Mr. 
Henry  R.  Plomer  deals  with  'John  Rastell 
and  his  Contemporaries  '  in  an  article  rendered 
possible  by  his  discovery  at  the  Record  Office 
of  an  important  document  relating  to  the 
famous  printing-house  the  "Mermaid  next 
Paul's  Gate."  This  find,  which  belongs  to 
the  years  1534-5,  enables  him  to  make  an 
interesting  and  valuable  contribution  to  the 
history  of  printing  and  publishing  in  London, 
for  the  details  of  it  indicate  many  intricate 
customs  as  to  the  relations  of  printer,  pub- 
lisher, and  bookseller,  which  certainly  will 
be  henceforth  much  more  easily  intelligible. 
Mr.  E.  D.  North  contributes  an  article  on 
'American  Book  Clubs,'  which  is  not  at  all 
interesting  on  account  of  the  paucity  of  the 
material  at  his  command  ;  and  Mr.  Falconer 
Madan  says  a  good  word  for  the  Bibliographical 
Society,  and  insists  very  rightly  upon  the  ab- 
surdity of  limiting  the  number  of  its  members. 

Transactions  of  the  Bibliographical  Society. 
Vol.  II.  Part  II.,  Vol.  III.  Part  I.  (The 
Society.)— These  Transactions,  although  less 
elaborately  printed  than  the  numbers  of 
Bibliographica,  are  intrinsically  no  less 
valuable,  for  some  of  the  papers  are  of 
the  most  useful  description  and  by  their 
nature  of  a  more  exhaustive  character  than  any 
to  be  found  elsewhere.  With  the  exception  of 
the  presidential  address,  which  deals  for  the 
most  part  with  disconnected  generalities,  the 
contributions  to  these  two  parts  are  complete 
studies  on  particular  and  erudite  points  in 
bibliography,  which  once  settled  are  not 
likely  to  be  dealt  with  again  for  many 
years  to  come.  Dr.  Copinger  contributes  a 
paper  of  this  kind,  which  is  added  to  his 
vague  presidential  utterance,  although  it  has 
but  the  faintest  connexion  with  it.  This 
is  his  'Incunabula  Virgiliana,'  which  consists 
of  a  list  of  editions  of  Virgil  printed  during 
the  fifteenth  century.  Mr.  G.  F.  Bar  wick  on 
'The  Lutheran  Press  at  Wittenberg'  throws 
into  relief  some  curious  literary  piracies  which 
would  hardly  be  likely  to  occur  to-day. 
Sermons  and  religious  tracts  formed  the  sub- 
ject of  such  proceedings  then.  Some  good 
illustrations  accompany  this  article  as  well  as 
that  by  Mr.  E.  F.  Strange  on  '  The  Writing- 
Books  of  the  Sixteenth  Century.'  Mr.  Strange's 
researches  into  the  history  of  alphabets  must 
have  led  him  into  this  by-path,  but  for  the 
excursion  we  cannot  be  too  grateful.  Mr.  (J.  R. 
Redgrave  deals  with  '  Some  Early  Book-Illus- 
trations of  the  Oppenheim  Press.'  in  which  his 
attention  is  very  largely  occupied  with  the  work 
of  Jacob  Kobel.  The  first  book  printed  at 
Oppenheim  was  in  1494,  but  there  does  not 
seem  to  exist  any  dated  book  of  Kobel  s  before 
1505  or  after  1524.  But  there  is  an  "  I.  K. 
signature  to  many  tine  wood-blocks  which  were 
used  in  books  printed  as  late  as  1545,  and 
Jacob  Kobel,  known  to  be  an  engraver  who 
used  to  write  prefaces  as  well  as  to  print 
them,  and  was  also  town  clerk,  may  possibly  be 
this  "  1.  K.,"  although  Mr.  Redgrave  is  unable 
to  establish  the  point  satisfactorily.  The  most 
practical    and     valuable    contribution    to    these 


10 


Til  E     AT  II  KWEUM 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


Tranaaetioru  is  tho  '  List  of  Books  and  Papera 
on  Printing  under  the  Countries  and  Towns 
to  which  They  Refer,'  which  was  begnn  by 
the  late    Talbot    Bainea   Reed    and   has   been 

i-  liliiiucil  and  edited  by  Mr.  A.  \Y.  Pol- 
lard. The  thanks  of  all  bibliographers  and 
librarians  are  duo  to  the  editor  of  this  list 
for  the  trouble  spent  over  his  task  and  for 
the  completeness  with  which  be  has  accom- 
plished it.  It  is  a  work  which  should  cer- 
t  mily  be  issued  separately  for  use  as  a 
handbook  for  all  cataloguers,  literary  students, 
librarians,  and  bibliographers,  and  we  hope 
short! yjo.see  it  in  this  form. 


OCR   LIBRARY   TABLE. 

The  second  instalment  of  the  magnificent 
edition  of  Mr.  Meredith's  complete  works 
which  Messrs.  Constable  are  publishing, 
Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  contains  Evan  Harrington. 
Those  who  enjoyed  its  perusal  when  it  appeared 
in  Once  a  Week  must  now  be  a  limited  circle  ; 
"  "but  the  book  is  as  delightful  reading  now  as  it 
was  then. 

All  lovers  of  the  country  and  the  "happy 
garden  state  "  will  welcome  the  new  edition  of 
The  Plant-lore  and  Garden- craft  of  Shakespeare, 
by  H.  N.  Ellacombe  (Arnold),  which  is  now 
pleasantly  illustrated  with  scenes  from  Shak- 
speare's  country  and  little  sketches  of  flowers. 
The  claims  of  the  marsh  marigold  to  be  the 
Elizabethan  flower  of  that  name  are  rightly 
rejected  ;  but  the  illustration  (p.  165)  clearly 
represents  Calthn  palustris,  though  simply 
labelled  "Marigold."  We  may  note  that  "keck  " 
or  "  kex  "  is  a  term  used  for  all  the  larger 
Umbellifene  in  their  growing  state.  It  is  a  pity 
that  in  this  new  edition  the  index,  which  is 
deficient,  has  not  been  improved.  Read  also 
Wither  for  "  Withers  "  twice  on  p.  167. 

Sir  Hknry  Cunningham's  excellent  mono- 
graph Lord  Bowen  :  a  Biographical  Sketch,  is 
no  doubt  already  known  to  several  of  our 
readers,  and  has  now  been  issued  for  the  general 
public  by  Mr.  Murray.  It  well  deserves  a  wide 
circulation,  for  it  is  an  eminently  readable 
memoir  of  a  remarkable  man.  The  frontispiece 
is  a  capital  likeness. 

Messrs.  Geddes,  of  Edinburgh,  have  pub- 
lished a  pretty  centenary  edition  of  The  Poems 
of  Ossian,  translated  by  James  Macpherson. 
The  handsome  volume  would  be  the  better  had 
the  publishers  dispensed  with  Mr.  W.  Sharp's 
injudicious  introduction.  Mr.  Sharp  is  not  to  our 
knowledge  a  Celtic  scholar,  and  even  if  he  were 
the  dogmatic  tone  in  which  he  writes  on  the 
Ossianic  question  would  be  out  of  place. — The 
two  newest  additions  to  the  "Canterbury  Poets  " 
(Scott)  contain  Browning's  'Pauline,'  'Para- 
celsus,' and  his  plays  from  1833  to  1850.  The 
volumes  sent  to  us  are  bound  in  art  linen,  and 
contain  a  great  deal  in  a  small  space.  The 
reading  public  will  doubtless  appreciate  in  this 
convenient  and  neat  form  A  Blot  in  the  'Scutcheon 
and  other  Poetic  Dramas  and  Pippa  Passes  and 
other  Poetic  Dramas.  Mr.  Binder's  prefatory 
notes  are  rather  verbose. 

We  are  glad  to  receive  again  such  a  practical 
and  convenient  volume  as  Dod's  Peerage, 
Baronetage,  and  Knightage  (Sampson  Low  &  Co. ). 
It  is  an  excellent  compilation,  still  disfigured  by 
an  advertisement  on  the  back  of  j^s  cloth  bind- 
ing.— The  useful  Almanacli  Hr^cKette  (Hachette) 
is  once  more  on  our  table.  It  is  a  marvel  of  in- 
genuity, and  contains  a  wonderful  quantity  of 
information  of  very  various  sorts.—  The  Cut  hoi  it- 
Directory  (Burns  &  Gates)  has  reached  the 
respectable  age  of  sixty.  It  is  a  useful  and 
well- arranged  handbook. 


Holme'i  (H  )  The  Oldest  Christian  Oburob,  er.  8vo.  3/0  cl. 

I.iil, Iuii'b  (II.  P.)   Bermoni   preached   on  Special   Occasions, 
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ft   (Rev.  A.     1*  )    The   Catholic     Revival,    and    other 

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Maodonald'a   (Rev.   M.)   The    Covenantors   of    Moray   and 

II.--.  cr,  Bvo.  •"■ ''  cl. 
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Mablllon,  translated  by  Kales,  \'"i».  8  and  i.  Bvo,  1-'  net, 
Vanghan't  (Ki^ia  Bev.  Mgr.  J.  b.)  Thoughts  for  all  Times, 

cr.  Bvo.  .'>,  cl. 

fine  Art. 
SinlgagMa's  (L.)  Climbing  Keminlsoences  of  the  Dolomites, 
Edition  de  Luxe,  8vo.  105/  net. 
Poetry. 
Poerr.6,  and  other  Verses,  by  H.  A.  R.  J.,  cr.  8vo.  67  net. 
Watson's  (W  )  The   Year  of  Shame,  with   Introduction    by 
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History  and  Biography . 
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Philology. 

Weekley'a  (E.)  Higher  French  Header,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Science. 

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tive Ovariotomies,  8vo.  6/6  cl. 

Edmonds  (H.)  and  Marloth's  (R.)  Elementary  Botany  for 
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Tirard's  (N.)  Diphtheria  and  Antitoxin,  8vo.  7/6  cl. 

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Crump's  (A.)  V\  ide  Asunder  as  the  Poles,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
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FOREIGN. 
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Corpus     Reformatorum  :    Vol.   84,   J.    Calviui    Opera  quse 

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u.  Bibliothekswesens,  6m. 
Stammhammer  (J.)  :  Bibliographie  der  Social-Politik,  13m. 

Philosophy. 
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Vol.  2,  Part  1,  8m. 
Ritschl  (O  ) :  Nietzsche's  Welt-  u.  Lebensanschauung,  lm. 

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Philology. 
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Miitzner  (E.)  u.  Bieling  (H.):  Altenglische  Spracbproben  : 

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l.thre,  3m.  60. 
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Zlminermann  (E.   It.)  :    Die    Geschichte    des   lateinischen 
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Vmgt-cinq  Ans  dc  R^publique,  lfr. 


LIST  OF  NEW   BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Ante-Nicene  Christian  Library,   Additional  Volume,  edited 

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Duggan's  (Bev.  J.)  Lile  of  Christ,  cr.  Svo.  6/  cl. 


THE  HEAD  MASTERS'  CONFERENCE. 

The  Head  Masters'  Conference  met  at  Rugby 
on  Tuesday,  December  22nd,  and  was  received 
with  the  usual  lavish  hospitality.  The  attend- 
ance, however,  was  disappointing,  quite  half 
the  members  being  absent.  The  meetings  were 
held  in  New  Big  School,  a  handsome  building, 
but  somewhat  defective  in  acoustic  properties, 
at  least  when  a  speaker  addresses  the  platform 
from  the  body  of  the  hall.  The  agenda  paper 
was  unusually  long,  but  many  of  the  motions 
were  merely  instructions  to  the  Committee 
which  did  not   require  much  discussion.     The 


moat  important  erenta  of  the  meeting  occupied 
only  a  few  minutes,  and  arc  barely  noticed  in 
any  report.  U  was  agreed  unanimously,  on 
the  motion  of  Mr.  Welldon  (Harrow),  that  the 
Committee  of  the  Conference  should  co-operate 
with  that  of  the  Head  Masters'  Association  to 
secure  the  creation  of  a  strong  central  Council  of 
Education  ;  and  it  was  agreed,  also  unanimously, 
on  t lie  motion  of  Dr.  Gray  (Bradfield),  that  the 
Conference  should  meet  every  alternate  year 
in  London.  Both  these  resolutions  are  likely  to 
have  serious  consequences  in  the  near  future. 

Proceedings  began  on  Tuesday   with  a  vote 
of  condolence  with  the  family  of  the  late  Arch- 
bishop of    Canterbury,     who    was    formerly    a 
master  at  Rugby.    Mr.  Keeling  (Bradford)  then 
moved   "That    the  organization    of    secondary 
education  is  a  matter  of  pressing  necessity,  and 
the  Government  should  be  urged  to  deal  with 
the  question  in  the  next  session  of  Parliament." 
Dr.  Gow  (Nottingham)  opposed  on  the  ground 
that  neither  the  country  nor  the  profession  was 
yet  ready  for  legislation.     He  called  attention 
to  several    topics   of  vital    interest  which,    he 
said,  had  not  been  discussed  at  all,  and  asserted 
that  the  apparent  unanimity  of  many  profes- 
sional   meetings    was    quite  illusory.     In   this 
opinion    he    was    supported    by    Mr.     Selwyn 
(Uppingham),  and  the  debate  threatened  to  last 
the  whole  two  days,  when  Mr.  Welldon  inter- 
vened    to     remind    members  that     the    Con- 
ference   had      passed      the      same     resolution 
last   year,   and    could      not     decently     refuse 
to    pass     it  again.     After    some    conversation 
and  a  few  disorderly  speeches,  the  motion  was 
carried  by  thirty-three  votes  to  nine.  Dr.  James 
(Rugby)  then  moved  "  That  the  new  regulations 
for  Woolwich  examinations  will  not    be  satis- 
factory unless  the  number  of  subjects  a  candi- 
date can  take  up  is  diminished  by  at  least  one, 
and    that    a    heavy    one,    below    the    present 
number."     Many  animated  complaints  followed 
from     Mr.     Furneaux     (Repton),    Mr.    Laffan 
(Cheltenham),   and  others  ;  but  ultimately  the 
Conference  preferred  a  resolution,  proposed  by 
Mr.  Bell  (Marlborough),  "  That  the  new  regula- 
tions   for   Woolwich    examinations    involve    a 
disastrous   increase  of    the  burden  of  a  curri- 
culum which  is  already  too  heavy  for  candidates 
of  the  required   age."      It   does   not    seem   to 
have  occurred  to  anybody  to  remark  that  this 
appeal  for  mercy  was  in  striking  contradiction 
to  the  "liberty,  variety,  and  elasticity"  which, 
as  we  were   informed   at  Cambridge,  are   cha- 
racteristic of  our  public  schools.     The  discus- 
sion of    private    business,   the    dinner   in  Old 
Big  School,  and  a  very  pleasant  conversazione 
in  the  Art  Museum  concluded  the  day. 

Business  on  Wednesday  was  so  brisk  that 
seven  motions  were  carried  in  little  more  than 
three  hours.  First,  the  Committee  was  in- 
structed to  continue  its  communications  with 
various  bodies  which  undertake  the  training  of 
teachers,  and  also  to  collect  information  in 
regard  to  the  dismissal  of  assistant  masters 
without  appeal.  Mr.  Lyttelton  (Haileybury) 
then  proposed  that  the  commanding  officers  of 
school  volunteer  corps  should  be  asked  to  form 
a  committee  to  report  "on  the  existing  con- 
dition of  the  school  volunteer  movement,  and 
the  means  of  increasing  its  efficiency."  Mr. 
Dunn  (Bath)  protested  against  militarism  in  the 
schools,  on  the  ground  that  it  fostered  the  vice 
of  unreasoning  obedience  ;  but  the  motion  was 
carried,  with  a  rider  that  the  War  Office  should 
be  invited  to  send  an  assessor  to  the  Committee. 
The  perennial  complaint  was  then  renewed 
against  the  dates  appointed  for  scholarship 
examinations  at  the  universities,  and  it  was  sug- 
gested by  Dr.  Gray  that  head  masters  should  not 
allow  boys  to  enter  for  any  scholarships  offered 
between  Michaelmas  and  Christmas.  This 
remedy  seemed  likely  to  produce  a  conflict  with 
parents,  and  was  not  approved  ;  but  it  was 
decided  to  make  the  usual  representations  to 
the  college  authorities.  Mr.  Moss  (Shrews- 
bury) proposed  that  representations  should  also 


N°  3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


17 


be  made  in  order  to  secure  better  supervision 
of  candidates  for  scholarships  and  matriculation. 
He  had  heard  that  some  boys  were  injured  by 
the  unwise  hospitality  of  their  old  school- 
fellows, that  candidates  under  examination  had 
been  disturbed  by  a  noise  in  the  college  kitchens, 
&c.  Other  head  masters  related  other  enor- 
mities, and  it  was  agreed  that  the  Committee 
should  institute  inquiries.  Mr.  Welldon  moved 
that  the  Committee  should  consult  with  the 
Committee  of  Head  Masters  of  Preparatory 
Schools,  in  order  "to  relieve  the  congestion  of 
subjects"  now  required  in  examinations  for 
scholarships  and  for  entrance  at  public  schools. 
Mr.  Dunn,  if  we  are  not  mistaken,  contended 
that  a  boy  should  learn  at  first  a  little  of  a  great 
many  subjects,  and  that  the  proposed  restric- 
tion might  operate  as  an  outrage  upon  the 
holiness  of  childhood.  These  opinions,  however, 
were  so  imperfectly  heard  that  they  did  not 
affect  the  debate.  Dr.  James,  with  the  concur- 
rence of  Dr.  Warre  (who  was  prevented  by 
illness  from  attending  the  Conference),  moved 
that,  whatever  else  was  dropped,  Greek  should 
still  be  required  ;  and  after  the  original  resolu- 
tion had  been  carried  unanimously,  this  rider 
was  also  carried  by  eighteen  votes  to  fourteen. 
Very  few  members  remained  to  hear  the  motion 
of  Mr.  Culley  (Monmouth)  in  favour  of  a 
decimal  system  of  weights  and  measures,  which 
was  carried  unanimously.  The  usual  votes  of 
thanks  to  Dr.  James  and  his  colleagues  were 
then  passed,  and  the  Conference  adjourned,  to 
meet  again  in  London  next  December. 


GENERAL  MEREDITH  READ,  F.S.A. 
The  death  of  General  Meredith  Read,  which 
occurred  after  a  brief  illness  at  his  residence  in 
Paris  on  Sunday  last,  will  be  heard  of  with  deep 
regret  by  the  large  circle  of  his  friends  in  Europe 
and  in  America.  There  is  something  almost 
tragic  in  this  event,  which  has  fallen  on  the 
moment  when  the  closing  chapters  of  a  work 
which  had  occupied  many  years  of  his  life  were 
under  revision. 

General  Meredith  Read  was  the  son  of  an 
eminent  jurist,  Chief  Justice  Read,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania (grandson  of  George  Read,  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence),  and  was  born  in 
1837.  He  was  educated  in  a  military  academy, 
and  afterwards  graduated  at  Brown  University, 
R.hode  Island.  He  graduated  at  the  Albany 
Law  School  in  1859,  studied  international  law  in 
Europe,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Phila- 
delphia. Having  removed  to  Albany,  he  was 
made  Adjutant-General  of  New  York  in  18G0, 
and  served  through  the  civil  war  with  distinc- 
tion. He  afterwards  became  interested  in  early 
American  history,  the  most  important  of  his 
contributions  being  an  '  Historical  Inquiry  con- 
cerning Heinrich  Hudson,  his  Friends,  Relatives, 
and  Early  Life,  his  Connexion  with  the  Muscovy 
Company,  and  Discovery  of  Delaware  Bay,' 
Albany,  1806 ;  reprinted  in  abridged  form 
among  the  Clarendon  Society's  Reports,  1882. 
In  1869  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul- 
General  for  France  and  Algeria,  and  in  1873 
Minister  in  Greece,  a  post  he  occupied  until 
1879,  and  it  was  mainly  through  his  endeavours 
that  restrictions  on  the  sale  of  the  Bible  in 
Greece  were  removed.  The  king  conferred  on 
him  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Order  of  the 
Redeemer.  General  Read  rendered  important 
services  to  eminent  Englishmen  during  that 
period,  and  his  friendship  for  this  country  was 
accompanied  by  extensive  studies  of  its  history. 
While  at  Athens  he  contributed  to  the  Archaeo- 
logical Society  of  Greece  a  memorial  letter  on 
'The  Death  of  Philip  Henry,  Fifth  Earl  of 
Stanhope.'  At  the  Gibbon  Exhibition  in 
London  his  loan  of  the  historian's  Bible  attracted 
much  attention. 

General  Read's  contributions  to  historical 
research,  though  valuable,  as  the  columns  of 
the  A  lh<  mi  am  attest,  have  not  been  voluminous, 
for  the  reason  that  for  many  years  he  devoted 


his  life  to  the  large  work  now  nearly  through 
the  press.  An  early  enthusiasm  for  Gibbon 
led  him,  on  his  retirement  from  public  life,  to 
make  a  pilgrimage  to  Lausanne,  with  the  result 
of  a  temporary  residence  there,  and  researches 
which  ultimately  filled  one  or  two  rooms  of  his 
house  in  Paris  with  historical  documents  and 
relics.  These  relate  not  merely  to  ancient 
Swiss  cities  and  celebrities,  but  to  those  of 
Savoy  and  other  regions,  and  include  many 
letters  of  eminent  men  which  have  never  seen 
the  light,  among  these  a  number  written  by 
Voltaire.  It  is  known  to  those  intimate  with 
General  Read  that  he  had  for  some  twenty 
years  been  working  on  these  materials,  while 
also  adding  to  them,  and  that  the  work  when  it 
appears  cannot  fail  to  be  a  monument  of  un- 
wearied research  and  labour. 

The  General  was  a  high-minded  generous 
gentleman,  who  through  his  military  and 
diplomatic  career  had  preserved  a  youthful 
simplicity,  frankness,  and  impulsiveness.  His 
beautiful  home  in  the  Rue  la  Boetie  was  a  centre 
of  hospitality,  and  he  numbered  among  his 
friends  many  French  men  of  letters  as  well  as 
statesmen,  whom  he  entertained  by  his  con- 
versation, always  rich  in  experience  and 
information.  His  decease  will  be  deeply  de- 
plored by  those  who  have  enjoyed  his  friend- 
ship, who  best  know  his  large  affectionate 
heart  and  his  perfect  integrity. 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  THE  WRITINGS   OF 
ROBERT  BROWNING. 

Part  VI. — Complete  Volumes  op  Biography 
and  Criticism. 

(9.) 
Robert  Browning  |  The  Thoughts  of  a  Poet 
on  Art  and  Faith.  |  A  Lecture  |  Delivered   to 
the  Birmingham  Central  Literary  Association, 
|  March  27th,  1885.  |  By  |  Howard  S.  Pearson. 
|  Price    Sixpence.  |  Published   for    the    Com- 
mittee   of    the    Birmingham  Central    Literary 
Association,    by  |  Cornish    Brothers,    37,   New 
Street. 

Collation  :— Demy  quarto,  pp.  27  :  consisting  of 
Title-page,  as  above  (with  imprint  in  centre  of 
reverse),  pp.  1-2  ;  and  Text,  pp.  3-27. 

Issued  in  drab-coloured  paper  wrapper?,  on  front 
page  of  which  is  a  reprint  of  the  title. 

(10.) 

A  Handbook  |  to  the  Works  of  |  Robert 
Browning  |  by  |  Mrs.  Sutherland  Orr.  |  "  No 
pause  i'  the  leading  and  the  light  !  "  |  '  The 
Ring  and  the  Book,'  vol.  iii.  p.  70.  |  London  : 
George  Bell  &  Sons,  |  York  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  |  1885.  |  [The  right  of  translation  is 
reserved.] 

Collation :— Foolscap  octavo,  pp.  xiii  and  332  :  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  i-ii; 
Title-page,  as  above  (with  imprint  at  bottom  of 
reverse),  pp.  iii-iv ;  Preface,  pp.  v-vi;  Errata  and 
Note  to  'Artemis  rrologuizes,'  p.  vii  ;  p.  viii  is 
blank;  Contents,  pp.  ix-xiii  ;  Text,  pp.  1-328;  and 
Index,  pp.  329-332. 

Issued  in  olive-green  cloth  boards,  lettered  iD  gilt 
across  the  back  "Handbook  |  to  |  Robert  |  Brown- 
ing's |  Works  |  Mrs.  S.  Orr  |  George  Bell  and  Sons." 

The  above  is  the  collation  of  the  iirst  edition  of 
this  work  ;  but  there  have  been  several  subsequent 
editions,  in  which  various  corrections,  &c,  have  been 
made. 

(11.) 

Miss  Alma  Murray's  |  Constance  |  in  |  Robert 
Browning's  '  In  a  Balcony. '  |  A  paper  by  |  B.  L. 
Mosely,  LL.  B.  |  Barrister-at-Law.  |  Read  to  the 
Browning  Society  |  on  the  27th  of  February, 
1885.  |  Reprinted  from  the  Theatre  for  May, 
1885.  j  For  private  distribution  only.  |  London, 
1885. 

Collation  :— Octavo,  pp.  8:  consisting  of  Title- 
page,  as  above  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  1-2;  and 
Text,  pp.  3-8. 

Issued  in  cream-tinted  wrapper,  on  the  first  page 
of  which  is  printed  "  Miss  Alma  Murray's  |  Constance 
|  in  |  Robert  Browning's  '  In  a  Balcony.'  |  A  paper 
by  |  B.  L.  Mosely,  LL.  P.  |  Barrister-; it-Law." 

(12.). 
Sordello's  Story  |  RetoldinPro.se  |  by  |  Annie 
Wall  |  [Publishers'   device.]     Boston   and  New 


York  |  Houghton,    Mifflin   and   Company  [  The 
Riverside  Press,  Cambridge  |  1886. 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  115  :  consisting 
of  Title-page,  as  above  (with  '"copyright"  in  centre 
and  imprint  at  foot  of  reverse),  pp.  1-2  ;  Dedication 
(with  blank  reverse),  pp.  3-1  ;  quotation  from  Dante 
(with  blank  reverse),  pp.  5-6  ;  aud  Text,  pp.  7-145. 

Issued  in  dark-yellow  cloth  boards,  gilt  lettered 
across  the  back  "  Sordello's    Story  |  Annie  Wall  I 
Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co." 

(13.) 

An  |  Introduction  |  to  the  Study  of  |  Robert 
Browning's  Poetry.  |  By  |  Hiram  Corson,  LL.D. 
|  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature 
in  the  |  Cornell  University.  |  "Subtlest  Assertor 
of  the  Soul  in  song."  |  Boston  :  |  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Co.,  Publishers.  |  1886. 

Collation  :—  Crown  octavo.pp.  x  and  338:  consisting 
of  Title-page,  as  above  (with  '*  copyright  "  in  centre, 
and  imprint  at  foot,  of  the  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  ;  Motto 
(with  blank  reverse),  pp  iii-iv  ;  Preface,  pp.  v-vii  -r 
p.  viii  is  blank  ;  Contents,  pp.  ix-x ;  and  Text, 
pp.  1-338. 

Issued  in  dark-blue  cloth  boards,  lettered  in  gilt 
across  the  back  "  Introduction  |  to  |  Browning  |' 
Corson  |  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co  |  Boston." 

(14.) 

Robert  Browning's   Poetry  |  "The   develop- 
ment of  a  soul ;   little  else  is  worth  study  "  | 
Outline    Studies  |  Published    for    the    Chicago- 
Browning  Society  |  Chicago  |  Charles   H.   Ker? 
&  Company  |  175  Dearborn  Street  |  1886. 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  50:  consisting  of 
Title-page  (with  "copyright"  in  centre  of  reverse), 
pp.  1-2  ;  Contents  (with  prefatory  note  on  reverse)., 
pp.  3-1  ;  and  Text,  pp.  5-50. 

Issued  in  light-yellow  paper  wrapper,  with  "Robert 
Browning's  Poetry  "  printed  across  centre. 

(15.) 

Sordello  :  |  A  History  and  a  Poem.  |  By 
Caroline  H.  Dall.  |  Boston  :  |  Roberts  Brothers. 
|  1886. 

Collation  :— Octavo,  pp.  3G  :  consisting  of  Title- 
page,  as  above  (with  reverse  containing  notice  of 
copyright,  and  imprint,  in  centre  and  at  foot  re- 
spectively), pp.  1-2  ;  Prefatory  "  Note,"  pp.  3-4  ;  and 
Text,  pp.  5-36. 

Issued  in  light-grey  wrapper,  on  front  page  of 
which  the  title  is  reprinted. 

(16.) 

An    |    Introduction    |    to  |   the    Study    of  | 
Browning  |   by  |  Arthur    Symons  |   Cassell     & 
Company,  Limited  |  London,  Paris,  New  York, 
&  Melbourne  |  1886  |  [All  rights  reserved.] 

Collation  : — Crown  octavo,  pp.  viii  and  216  :  con- 
sisting of  Title-page  (with  quotation  from  Landor 
on  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  ;  Dedication  to  George  Meredith 
(with  blank  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv  ;  Preface,  pp.  v-vi  ; 
Contents  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  vii-viii ;  and 
Text,  pp.  1-216. 

Issued  in  dark-green  bevelled  boards,  lettered  in 
gilt  across  the  back  "Introduction  |  to  |  Browning  | 
Symons." 

(17.) 

Studies  in  the  Poetry  |  of  |  Robert  Browning 

|  by  |  James     Fotheringham  |  London  |  Kegan 
Paul,   Trench  &  Co.,   1  Paternoster  Square  [ 
1887. 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  xii  and  382  :  con- 
sisting of  Title-page  (with  quotations  on  reverse), 
pp.  i-ii  ;  Preface,  pp.  iii-viii  :  Contents,  pp.  ix-x  •, 
Reference  List  of  Poems,  pp.  xi  -  xii  ;  aud  Text, 
pp.  1-382. 

Issued  in  dark-blue  cloth  boards,  lettered  across 
back  "  Studies  |  in  the  |  Poetry  |  of  |  Robert  \ 
Browning  |  Fotheringham  |  Kegan  Paul,  Trench  St 
Co."  The  front  page  of  cover  is  also  lettered 
"  Studies  in  the  Poetry  |  of  Robert  Browning." 

(18.) 

Robert  Browning  :  |  Chief  Poet  of  the  Age.  | 
An    Essay  |  Addressed  primarily  to  Beginners 
in  the  Study  of  |  Browning's  Poems  j  By  |  Wil- 
liam   (i.  Kingsland  |  London  |  J,    W.  .I.irvis  & 
Son  |  28  King  William  Street,  Strand  |  1887. 

Collation  : — Square  16ino,  pp.  17:  consisting  of 
Title- page  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  1-2  :  Dedicatory 
Sonnet  "  to  Robert  Browning  "  (with  blank  reverse), 
pp.  3-1  :  and  Text,  pp.  .'-  17.  The  imprint  is  in  centre 
of  reverse  of  last  page 

issued  in  drab-coloured  paper  boards  on  which 
the  title-page  was  reprinted.  A  portrait  ol  Mr. 
Browning  forms  the  frontispiece.  Thirty  copies  OH 
large  hand-made  paper  were  also  issued. 


18 


THE     ATIIENvEUM 


[Seoond  Edition.  | 
Roberl   Browning  .  |  Chief  Poet  of  t li. 
By    William  <;.    Kingaland  |  New    Edition, 
|  Wah    Biographical    and    other    Additioi 
London       .1.    w.    . fan-is    &    Bon,  |  28    King 
William  Street,  strand  |  1890. 

Collation  :— Small  octavo,  pp.  vi  and  136  oon> 
Bietingof  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  i-ii ; 
Title-page  (with  imprint  on  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv  • 
Preface,  pp.v-vii;  Dedicatory  Bonnet,  p.  viii ;  and 
Text,  pp.  1-136.     The  imprint  is  repeated  at  foot  of 

last  page. 

Issued  in  fawn-coloured  cloth  board?,  lettered 
across  hack  "  Browning  |  Kingsland  |  1890."  A  por- 
trait of  Mr.  Browning  forms  the  frontispiece.  Fifty 
copies  were  also  printed  on  large  baud-made  paper. 

(19.) 

Sordello  |  An  <  Outline  Analysis  of  |  Mr. 
Browning'sPoem  |  by  |  Jeanie  Morison  |  author 
of  |  'The  Purpose  of  the  Ages';  'Gordon:  an 
Our  Day  Idyll ';  |  '  Ane  Booke  of  Ballades  '  etc. 
|  Vi  illiara  Blackwood  and  Sons  |  Edinburgh 
and  London  |  mdccclxxxix.  |  All  Rights 
reserved. 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  vi  and  115  •  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp  i-ii  • 
Title-page  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv;  Dedica- 
tion to  the  Members  of  the  Edinburgh  Women- 
Students'  Browning  Club,  with  blank  reverse, 
pp.  v-vi  ;  and  Text,  pp.  1-115.  The  imprint  is  at  the 
foot  of  the  last  page. 

Issued  in  dark-red  cloth  boards,  with  trimmed 
edges,  and  lettered  in  gilt  across  back  "Analysis  I 
of  |  Sordello  |  Jeanie  |  Morison  J  Win.  Blackwood  I 
&  Sons. 

(20.) 

Robert  Browning.  |  Nineteenth  Century 
Authors.  |  Louise  Manning  Hodgkins.  I  D  C 
Heath  &  Co.,  Boston.     [1889.] 

Collation  :-Small  octavo,  pp.  ii  and  8  :  consisting 
of  litle-page,  as  above  (with  blank  reverse),  pp  i-ii  • 
Text,  pp.  1-4  ;  blank  pages  headed  "  Notes,"  pp  5-7  : 
and  notices  of  the  series  of  "Guides  to  the  Study  of 
Nineteenth  Century  Authors,"  p.  8. 

Issued  stitched,  without  wrappers. 

(21.) 
Robert  Browning  |  Personalia  |  by  |  Edmund 
Gosse  |  Boston     and     New     York  |  Houghton, 
Mifflin    and    Company  |  The    Riverside  Press' 
Cambridge  |  1890. 

Collation  : -Crown  octavo,  pp.  9G  :  consisting  of 
litle  (with  imprint  in  centre  of  reverse)  np  1-2- 
Preface,  pp.  3-9  (blank  reverse,  p.  10)  ;  Contents 
(with  blauk  reverse),  pp.  11-12;  Half-title  (with 
blank  reverse),  pp.  131  i  ;  Text,  pp.  15-96. 

Issued  in  Indian  red  cloth  boards,  with  gilt  top 
and  lettered  in  gilt  on  front  cover  "Robert 
Browning  |  Personalia  |  By  Edmund  |  Gosse";  also 
lettered  across  back  "Robert  |  Browning  |  Personalia 
|  Gosse  |  Houghton  |  Mifflin  &  Co."  There  is  a 
portrait  of  Eobert  Browning  as  frontispiece 

A  portion  of  the  impression  of  this  book  was 
purchased  by  f.  Iisher  Unwin,  who  issued  these 
copies  in  London  with  his  own  imprint  upon  the 
title-page  and  upon  the  cover,  in  place  of  that  of 
Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  as  detailed  above 
They  were  put  up  in  vellum  bevelled  boards,  gilt 
ettered.  There  were  also  ten  copies  printed  upon 
large  paper.  * 

(22.) 

Robert  Browning.  |  Read   before   the  I  Lite- 
rary and  Philosophical  Society  of  Liverpool    I 
April  28th,  1890.  |  By  |  Gerald  H.  Rendall.  '  ' 

Collation  :-Demy  octavo,  pp.  Hand  20  :  consisting 
of  litle-page,  as  above  (with  blauk  reverse? 
pp.  l-n  ;  and  Text,  pp.  1-20.  re\erse;, 

Issued  in  light  mottled-grey  wrapper,  the  front 
page  of  which  contains  a  reprint  of  the  title. 

(23.) 
Life  |  of  |    Robert    Browning   |   by  |  William 

?       P     ^aon  T/1*  ,^.a  ter    Sc0tt'    ^Warwick 
Lane.  |  1890.  |  (All  rights  reserved.) 


212;  Index,  pp.  213-219;  and  Bibliography, pp.  Uxxi\ 

Issued  in  dark-blue  cloth  hoards,  lettered  in  lilt 
across  the  back  "Life  of  I  Robert  Browning |W 

liam  Sharp  |  Walter  Scott."  ol  "" 

" Sl^w^E*8  JMUe?  as  0De  of  the  volumes  of  the 
Great  Writers"  series;  and   the  collation  Riven 
above  is  that  of  the  "  large-paper  "  edition 


N   3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


(24.) 
Browning's  |  Message  to  his  Time  :  j  His  l:. 
Iigion,  Philosophy,  and  Science  |  By  Edward 
Berdoe  |  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Sur- 
geons of  England  ;  |  Licentiate  of  the  Royal 
College  of  Physicians  (Edinburgh) ;  |  Member  of 
the   British    Medical   Association  ;  |  etc.,    etc.   | 

[Quotation  from  Emerson.]    London:  j  Swan 
Sonnenschein   &  Co.,  |  Paternoster   Square.  I 
1890.  '  ' 

Collation  :— Octavo,  pp.  ivand  222  :  consisting  of 
Title-page,  as  above  (with  imprint  in  centre  of 
reverse),  pp.  1-11 ;  Dedication  (with  contents  in  centre 
of  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv;  and  Text,  pp.  1-222 

toned  in  dark-red    bevelled  cloth    boards    eilt- 
,i"ei"5(1  across   hack    "  Brownings  |  Message  I  to  I 
Ins  lime  |  Berdoe  |  Sonnenschein." 

(25.) 
Life  and  Letters  |  of  |  Robert  Browning  |  by 
|  Mrs.  Sutherland  Orr  |  London  |  Smith,  Elder 
&  Co.,   15  Waterloo   Place  |  1891  |  [All    rights 
reserved.] 

Collation  :— Large  octavo,  pp.  xiii  and  451  :  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse), pp. i-ii : 
litle-page,  as  above  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv  ; 
Preface,  pp  v-vi ;  Contents,  pp.  vii-xiii ;  Text! 
pp.  1-436  ;  and  Index,  pp.  439-151. 

Issued  in  dark-yellow  cloth  boards,  gilt-lettered 

across   the    back  "Life  |  and  |  Letters  |  of  |  Robert 

I  Browning  |  Mrs.  Sutherland  Orr  |  Smith,  Elder  & 

Co. 

(26.) 

Robert    Browning  |  and    the    Drama  |  With 
Special  Reference  to  the  Point  of  View  afforded 
by  |  Miss  Alma  Murray's  |  Performances  of  his 
Heroines.    |    A    Note   |   by  |   Walter  Fairfax  | 
London  |  Reeves  and  Turner  196  Strand  |  1891. 

Collation  :— Octavo,  pp.  20  :  consisting  of  Title- 
page,  as  above  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  1-2;  and 
Text,  pp.  3-20.  The  imprint  occurs  at  the  foot  of 
the  last  page. 

Issued  in  light-grey  wrapper,  on  the  front  page  of 
which  the  title  is  reprinted,  and  on  the  reverse 
an  advertisement  of  a  forthcoming  work  of  the 
author's. 

(27.) 
A    Primer     on     Browning    |    By    F.     Mary 
Wilson  |  London  |  Macmillan    and     Co.  I  and 
New  York  |  1891  |  All  rights  reserved. 

Collation  :— Small  octavo,  pp.  viii  and  218-  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  publishers'  monogram 
upon  the  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  ;  Title-page,  as  above  (with 
blauk  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv;  Contents,  pp.  v-vii  • 
p.  vm  is  blank  ;  and  Text,  pp.  1-248.  The  imprint 
occurs  at  the  foot  of  the  last  page. 

Issued  in  bright-red  coloured  cloth   boards  with 
trimmed  edges,  lettered  in  silt  across  the  back  "A 
I  Primer  |  on  |  Browning  |  P.    Mary  |  Wilson  I  Mac- 
millan &  Co."    Also  lettered  in  black  upon  the  front 
cover. 

(28.) 

Browning's  |  Criticism  of  Life  |  By  |  William 
F.Revell  |  Author  of  'Ethical  Forecasts,' etc.  | 
With     a     Frontispiece  |   [Publishers'    device.] 
London    |   Swan    Sonnenschein    &    Co.  I  New- 
York  :  Macmillan  &  Co.  |  1892. 

Collation  :—  Postoctavo.pp.  xandll6:  consistingof 
Half-title  (with  advertisements  of  "The  Dilettante 
Library  ''  upon  the  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  ;  Title-page,  as 
above  (with  imprint  in  the  centre  of  the  reverse) 
pp.  ni-iv  ;  Dedication  ("To  my  Wife  "—with  blank 
reverse),  pp.  v-vi;  Preface,  pp.  vii-viii  ;  Contents 
(with  blank  reverse),  pp.  ix-x  ;  and  Text,  pp.  1-1  If,. 
Ihe  imprint  is  repeated  at  the  foot  of  the  last  page 

Issued  in  dark-brown  bevelled  cloth  boards  with 
trimmed  edges,  and  lettered  in  gilt  across  the  back 
•  Browning  s  |  Criticism  |  of  Life  |  Revell  |  Sonnen- 
schein. The  frontispiece  is  a  portrait  of  Robert 
Browning,  taken  after  death. 

(29.) 
Of  |  'Fifine   at  the   Fair'|  'Christmas    Eve 
and  Easter  Day'  |  and  |  other  of  Mr.  Browning's 
Poems  |  by  |  Jeanie   Morison  |  William   Black- 
wood   and    Sons  |  Edinburgh    and     London 

MDCCCXCII. 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  viii  and  99:  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  • 
Iitle-paee  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv ;  Dedica- 
tion to  Miss  Browning  (with  blank  reverse)  pp  v-vi : 
Contents  (with  quotation  from  'Easter  Day'  on 
reverse),  pp.  vii-viii;  and  Text,  pp.  1-99.  The 
imprint  is  at  foot  of  last  page. 

Issued  in  dark-red  cloth  boards,  with  trimmed 
edges,  and  lettered  in  gilt  across  the  back   "  Of 


!"'!"",'•    I  ■  Fair  |   Jeanie  |   Morison  I  Win. 

i  wood  |  ft  Song." 

(30.) 

The  !  Browning  Cyclopaedia  |  A  Guide  to  the 
Study  of  the  Works  |  of  j  Robert  Browning.  [ 
With  '  Copious  Explanatory  Notes  and  Refer- 
-  |  on  all  Diflicult  Passages.  By  Edward 
Berdoe,  |  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of 
Physicians,  Edinburgh  ;  Member  of  |  the  Royal 
College  of  Burgeons,  etc.,  etc.  |  Author  of 
'Browning's  M  ge  to  his  Time,'  'Browning 
as  a  Scientific  |  Poet, 'etc.,  etc.  |  London  :  Swan 
Sonnenschein  &  Co.  j  New  York  :  Macmillan 
&  Co.  |  1892. 

Collation:— Post  octavo,  pp.  xx  and  572:  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  advertisement  on  reverse), 
pp.  i-ii;  Title-page,  as  above  (with  imprint  at  foot 
of  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv;  Dedication  (with  blank 
reverse),  pp.  v-vi:  Preface,  pp.  vii  x  ;  '"Unsolved 
Difficulties,''  study-books,  &c,  pp.  xi-xx  ;  and 
Text,  pp.  1-572. 

Issued  in  red  cloth  boards,  silt-lettered  across 
back  "The  |  Browning  |  Cyclopedia  |  Berdoe  | 
Sonnenschein." 

(31.) 

Lrowning  Studies  |  being  |  Select  Papers  by 
Members  |  of  the  |  Browning  Society  |  Edited, 
with  an  Introduction  |  by  |  Edward  Berdoe, 
M.R.C.S.,  &c,  |  Author  of  'The  Browning 
Cyclopaedia,'  '  Browning's  Message  to  his  Time,"' 
&c,  &c.  |  London  |  George  Allen,  15<J,  Charing 
Cross  Road  |  1895  |  [All  rights  reserved.] 

Collation  :— Octavo,  pp.  xiv  and  331. 

Issued  in  cloth  boards,  lettered  in  gilt.  The  entire 
contents  of  this  volume  were  reprinted  for  the 
Browning  Society's  Papers. 

(32.) 
An  Introduction  |  to  j  Robert  Browning.  [  A 
Criticism  of  the  Purpose  and  |  Method  of  his 
Earlier  |  Works.  |  By  |  Bancroft  Cooke,  j 
London  :  Simpkin,  Marshall  &  Co.  |  Liverpool: 
Adam  Holden,  48,  Church  Street.  |  Price  one 
shilling. 

Collation  : -Demy  octavo,  pp.  ii  and  40:  consisting 
of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  i-ii  ;  Title- 
page,  as  above  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  1-2  ;  and 
Text,  pp.  3-40. 

Issued  in  light-grey  wrapper,  printed  across  front 
page  "An  Introduction  |  to  |  Robert  Browning." 
Ihere  is  no  date  given. 

(33.) 
Browning  |  and  the  Christian  Faith  |  The 
Evidences  of  Christianity  from  |  Browning's 
Point  of  View  |  By  |  Edward  Berdoe  |  Member 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England  ; 
Licentiate  of  the  |  Royal  College  of  Physicians 
(Edinburgh)  ;  |  Author  of  |  '  The  Browning 
Cycloptedia,'  '  Browning's  Message  to  his  Time,' 
|  Etc.  |  [Quotation  from  '  A  'Death  in  the 
Desert.']  |  London  |  George  Allen,  156,  Charing 
Cross  Road  |  1896  |  [All  rights  reserved.] 

Collation  :— Crown  octavo,  pp.  xx  and  233  :  con- 
sisting of  Half-title  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  i-ii ; 
Title-page,  as  above  (with  blauk  reverse),  pp.  iii-iv  : 
Dedication  (with  blank  reverse),  pp.  v-vi  :  Preface, 
pp.  vii-ix  :  p.  x  is  blauk  ;  Contents  (with  blank 
reverse),  pp.  xi-xii ;  Introduction,  pp.  xiii-xx  ;  and 
Text,  pp.  1-233.  The  imprint.  '•  Richard  Clay  & 
Sons,  Limited,  |  London  &  Bungay, "  is  placed  upon 
the  centre  of  the  reverse  of  the  last  page. 

Issued  in  dark -green  cloth  boards,  lettered  in 
gilt  across  the  back  "  Browniusr  |  and  the  |  Christian 
Faith  |  Dr.  Berdoe  |  George  Allen." 

Thomas  J.  Wise. 


THE  ENGLISH  TRANSLATION  OF  PROF.  MASPERO'S 
'  STRUGGLE   OK  THE  NATIONS.' 

The  second  volume  of  I'rof.  Maspero's  great 
work  'Histoire  Ancienne  des  Peuples  del'Orient 
Classique  '  has  just  appeared  in  an  English  trans- 
lation, issued  under  the  auspices  of  the  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  simul- 
taneously with  the  French  original.  The  object 
of  the  present  note  is  to  call  the  attention  of 
English  readers  to  the  manner  in  which  Prof. 
Maspero's  text  has,  in  certain  passages,  been 
surreptitiously  tampered  with  in  the  translation. 

Prof.  Maspero  in  his  survey  of  ancient  nations 
includes  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  Israel.  This 
history  Prof.  Maspero  view  s  throughout   from 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


19 


the  standpoint  of  modern  criticism.  In  his 
previous  smaller  work  on  the  ancient  history  of 
the  peoples  of  the  East  he  stated  explicitly  that 
he  adopted  the  historical  conclusions  of  Reuss 
and  Welihausen  (fourth  edition,  188G,  p.  301).  In 
his  present  work  he  adopts  them  equally,  with- 
out the  smallest  ambiguity,  and  frequently  in  his 
notes  refers  to  the  works  of  these  and  other 
critics  with  approval.  Such  an  endorsement,  on 
the  part  of  a  distinguished  archaeologist,  of  the 
conclusions  of  modern  criticism  could,  of  course, 
not  be  admitted  by  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge.  Accordingly,  without 
giving  his  readers  the  smallest  hint  of  the  fact, 
the  translator,  Mr.  McClure,  alters  in  his  trans- 
lation the  text  of  the  passages  in  question,  so  as 
to  make  Prof.  Maspero  appear  throughout  as  an 
orthodox  traditionalist.  The  method  principally 
adopted,  when  once  its  secret  has  been  discovered, 
is  sufficiently  simple.  In  the  text,  where  Prof. 
Maspero  wrote  "Tradition  related"  (or  some 
equivalent  phrase),  Mr.  McClure  substitutes 
"The  narrative  says."  In  the  notes,  views 
expressed  by  Prof.  Maspero  as  his  own  are 
transformed  into  those  held  by  "some  critics," 
without  any  indication  whatever  that  they  are  in 
reality  Prof.  Maspero's  as  well.  Occasionally, 
of  course,  alterations  of  a  different  kind  or 
omissions  are  also  to  be  met  with.  The  reader 
will  judge  best  of  the  process  which  has  been 
followed  by  a  few  illustrations  (the  italics  are 
in  all  cases  my  own). 


1.  "  Tbe  Biblical  narrative 
describes  at  length  their 
marches."  &c.  [in  the  wilder- 
ness].— P.  44n. 

"  Enough  can  still  be  made 
out  to  give  us  a  general  idea 
of  the  march  of  the  emi- 
grants."— P.  445,  n.  1. 

"  The  Israelites  did  not  act 
throughout  with  that,  unity 
of  purpose  and  energy  which. 
we  might  at  first  sight  have 
attributed  to  them." — P.  6»1. 

"  And  we  have  some  details 
of  his  [Samson's']  history."  — 
P.  70.3. 

"  Story  of  the  Levite  of 
Ephraim.  in  which  the  im- 
portant historical  event  is  the 
massacre  of  the  pillaging 
clan  by  its  neighbours." — 
P.  705,  n.  4. 

"  It  contained  the  two 
tables  of  the  Mosaic  law." — 
P.  706. 


"The  facts  given  in  Jos. 
xviii.  1  show  that,  tbe  date 
of  its  foundation  there  goes 
back,"  &c— P.  703,  n.  2. 

"  His  [Samuel's]  position 
as  judge  of  all  Israel  seems 
to  have  developed  at  a  later 
period." — P.  708,  n.  1. 


"  Les  traditions  recueillies 
dans  leurs  livres  sacres  de- 
crivaient  longuement,"  &c. 

"  II  en  reste  assez  sur  place 
pour  donner  une  idee  gene- 
rale  de  la  marche  que  Von  pre- 
tait  a  la  colonne  principale  des 
emigrants." 

"  Israel  n'agit  pas  avec 
autant  d'ensemble  et  de 
vigueur  qu'ils  [the  Hebrew 
chroniclers  in  the  book  of 
Joshua]  se  le  figure*  ent." 

"Mais  le  detail  de  Fes 
actions  veritables  av  nt  etc 
cublie  de  bonne  heure." 

"  Histoire  du  Levite  d'Eph- 
raim,  dont...  .  le  fond  ne 
renferme  qu'un  seul  element 
historique,  l'execution  du 
clan  piilard,"  &c. 

"  Elle  renfermait  deux 
pierres  sur  lesquelles  on  crut 
plus  tard  que  la  loi  avait  e'te 
grave'e  "  (with  idee  for  "  state- 
ment"  in  note  3). 

"  La  tradition  recueillie 
dans  Jos.  xviii.  1,  en  fnisait 
remonter  l'ctablissement,"  &c. 

"  Sa  transformation  en  juge 
de  tout,  Israel  date  de  I'epoque 
pmphe'tique,  comme  celle 
d'Eli." 

"Narrative"  or  "sacred  writings"  is  also 
substituted  for  tradition  (often  with  the  nast 
tense),  p.  679,  p.  696,  1.  4,  p.  709,  1.  1  ("une 
tradition  moins  rlatteuse  "),  p.  710,  1.  1,  p.  710, 
note  2,  and  elsewhere. 

In  p.  65,  note  2,  and  on  p.  70,  by  the  sub- 
stitution of  "  later  times"  for  I'epoque  royale, 
the  fact  is  concealed  that  Prof.  Maspero  holds 
the  narratives  of  Genesis  in  question  to  have 
been  composed  under  the  monarchy. 

2.  "For  Wellhausen's  "Sur  l'age  probable  de 
theory  of  the  probable  date    cette     tradition,     cf.     Well- 

of  this  episode  [(Jen.  xwii  ],     bausen " 

cf.  Welihausen."— P.  66,  n.  4. 

"The    episode  of    Othniel        " repose,    de    l'aveu 

and  Chushan-rishathaim general,    mr     une    tradition 

ii  by  many  critics  rejected  as    bans  valeur." 
spurious.' — P.  685,  n.  2. 

"  For  Stade's  view  as  to  the  "Sur  la  formation  de 
later  development  of  Judah,  Jndali,  ct  sur  I'epoque  far- 
see " — P.  702,  ii.  1.  dive  a  laquellc  il  se  constitua 

definitivemeiit  tons  son 
apparence  historique,  cf. 
Stade " 

"Budde endeavours    to         "Sur  ces   fails,  qui  <  nt   Hi 

show  that  these  events  were    attribute  phis  tard  ft  la  con- 
attributed  at  a  later  date  to    quetede  Josue,  cf.Budde " 

Joshua."— P.  703,  n.  2. 

"  Somecritics  think "—        "La  tradition  lul  ntlril.ua 

I'.  71-'.  plus  tard " 

"1  Sam.  xxiv.  thought  by  "  1  Sum.  xxiv.,  legende 
some  writers  to  have  been  of  populaire  dont  la  redaction 
much  later  date."— P.  717,  definitive  est  d'astez  basse 
n.  3.  i  poqae." 


Other  instances  in  which  opinions  expressed 
by  Prof.  Maspero  as  his  own  have  been  trans- 
formed similarly  into  those  of  "some  critics" 
will  be  found  on  p.  <>84,  p.  686,  notes  3  and  4, 
p.  693,  note  3,  p.  696,  note  4,  p.  702,  line  6, 
p.  704,  note  2,  p.  705,  note  4,  p.  706,  note  4, 
p.  712,  notes  3  and  4,  p.  714,  notes  5  and  7, 
p.  715,  note  1,  p.  720,  note  4,  and  elsewhere. 
P.  714,  note  5,  and  p.  718,  note  3,  "imagined" 
and  "pretend"  are  terms  of  disparagement  in- 
troduced gratuitously  by  the  translator  :  in  the 
original  the  views  expressed  in  these  notes  are 
those  of  the  author  himself. 

3.  Passages  in  which  I'rof.  Maspero's  recog- 
nition of  the  value  of  critical  studies  has  been 
suppressed  :  — 

"  Various  works  have  ap-  "  On  trouvera,  dans  l'un 
peared  of  late  dealing  with  quelc  nque  des  nombreux 
these  books  [Exodus  to  Deu-  manuels  publics  en  Al'e- 
teronomy]  Horn  a  critical  magne,  l'analyse  de  ces 
point  of  view." — P.  447,  n.  3.  livres  et  les  opinions  cour- 
antes  sur  l'age  des  documents 
qu'il  renferme." 

Here  are  two  notes  which  have   been  omitted 
in  the  English  translation  : — 

(On  the  critical  study  of  the  book  of  Joshua)  "  Je  me 
bornerai  a  prendre  les  re'sultats  acquis  par  le  travail  continu 
de  plusieurs  generations  et  a  les  exposer,  tout  en  m'excusant 
de  ne  pas  pouvoir,  faute  de  place,  rendre  a  chacun  la  part 
qui  lui  revient  dans  ce  travail  de  selection  et  de  reconsiitu- 
tion  historique." — P.  679,  n.3. 

"  Le  refus  qu'on  lui  pietedans  la  redaction  actuelle  du 
Livre  des  Juges  viii.  22,  23,  trahit,  comme  le  feront  par  la 
suite  les  declarations  de  Samuel  contre  la  royaute,  l'influ- 
ence  du  temps  oil  les  idees  prophetiques  predominaient." — 
P.  t92,  n.  1. 

A  translation  is  a  translation,  and  its  sole 
raison  d'etre  is  that  it  represents  faithfully  the 
text  of  the  author.  The  effect  of  the  alterations 
and  omissions  which  1  have  signalized  is  that 
in  the  account  which  the  volume  contains  of 
the  history  and  literature  of  Israel  the  entire 
perspective  of  the  author  is  changed  :  the 
reader  purchases  a  book  which  professes,  on 
this  as  on  other  subjects,  to  give  him  the 
opinions  and  conclusions  of  Prof.  Maspero  him- 
self, whereas  in  reality  it  gives  him  something 
altogether  different. 

It  is  surprising  that  the  Society  for  Promoting 
Christian  Knowledge  should  have  sanctioned 
this  piece  of  literary  bad  faith,  and  that  either 
Prof.  Sayce,  the  editor,  or  Mr.  McClurs,  the 
translator,  should  have  lent  his  hand  to  it.  If 
the  Society  undertook  to  present  Prof.  Mas- 
pero's work  to  the  English  public,  it  is  clear 
that  the  only  straightforward  course  for  them 
to  adopt  was  either  to  present  it  faithfully  in 
every  particular,  or  to  prefix  a  note  (which, 
however,  I  do  not  find)  stating  unambiguously 
that  Prof.  Maspero  in  the  original  work  treated 
the  Old  Testament  from  a  critical  standpoint, 
and  often  expressed  sympathy  with  critics  and 
their  work,  but  that,  as  they  felt  sure  that  their 
readers  would  be  justly  shocked  by  such  views, 
they  had  authorized  the  translator  to  do  his 
best  to  eliminate  them.  Veuax. 


Ht'tcrarrj  Cfiosstp. 

Mr.  Buxton  Forman  will  shortly  publish, 
a  work  entitled  '  The  Books  of  William 
Morris  :  an  Essay  in  Bibliography,'  some- 
what on  the  plan  of  his  volume  called  '  The 
Shelley  Library  '  —  that  is  to  say,  setting 
forth  in  a  connected  narrative  the  public 
appearances  of  the  author  in  a  way  calcu- 
lated to  give  the  student  and  collector  such 
exact  bibliographical  knowledge  of  the 
wholo  of  tho  printed  works  as  the  present 
age  requires  concerning  not  only  great 
men  like  Morris,  but,  many  minor  literati. 
It  is  intended  to  give  several  facsimiles  and 
Other  illustrations,  and  to  .add  information 
about  manuscripts.  Oommunieations  from 
tlie  possessors  of  any  of  Morris's  manu- 
scripts would  be  gratefully  received  ])y  Mr. 
Forman,  wli<>  would  be  glad  to  hear,  indeed, 
of  any  out-of-the-way  items  cognate  to  tho 


subject  of  a  work  at  once  narrative  and 
bibliographical.  His  address  is  46,  Marl- 
borough Hill,  St.  John's  Wood. 

Mr.  S.  B.  Gardiner  lately  discovered  in 
the  Vatican  archives  a  despatch  written  by 
Bossetti  early  in  1642,  when  he  was  nuncio 
at  Cologne,  and  describing  Charles  I.'s  plan 
for  the  rescue  of  Strafford  by  the  aid  of 
troops  from  Ireland  and  Holland.  This 
evidence,  which,  is  important  as  coming 
from  one  in  the  confidence  of  the  Court, 
will  be  published  in  the  January  number 
of  the  English  Historical  Review. 

In  the  same  number  Mr.  James  Gairdner 
will  continue  his  discussion  of  '  New  Lights 
on  the  Divorce  of  Henry  VIII.'  Mr.  J.  B. 
Tanner  writes  on  '  The  Administration  of 
the  Navy  from  the  Bestoration  to  the  Be- 
volution';  Mr.  J.  H.  Clapham  on  'A 
Boyalist  Spy  during  the  Beign  of  Terror'; 
and  Mr.  B.  Seymour  Long  on  '  Andrew 
Jackson  and  the  National  Bank.' 

The  Clarendon  Bress  will  publish  shortly 
the   Hebrew   original   of    ten    chapters   of 
Ecclesiasticus  (xxxix.  15  to  xlix.  11)  lately 
discovered   in   the  East.     It  was  generally 
supposed    that    St.    Jerome   was    the   last 
scholar  who  saw  or  possessed  it,  until  re- 
centl}r  a  Hebrew  treatise,  written  by  Saadiah 
Gaon  (about  920  a  r>.),  was  found,  in  which 
the  author  quotes  several  sentences  in  Hebrew 
from  Ecclesiasticus.    Thus  the  book  was  still 
extant  at  that  time  in  Bagdad,  where  Saadiah 
lived.     No  further  trace  of  the  Hebrew  text 
was  discovered  until  about  June,  1896,  when 
a  MS.   leaf   brought  to   England   by  Mrs. 
Lewis,    of   Cambridge,   was   recognized   by 
Mr.  S.  Schechter  as  a  portion   of  the  long- 
lost    original,   and  was    published    by  him 
in   the    Expositor.      Almost    simultaneously 
nine    leaves   of    the     same    MS.,    brought 
likewise  from  the  East,  were  identified  in 
the    Bodleian     Library.       The    Clarendon 
Bress  is    now  issuing  a  critical  edition  of 
all  ten   leaves,  consisting    of    the  Hebrew 
original,  accompanied  by  an  English  trans- 
lation and  the  Greek,  Syriac,  and  Old  Latin 
versions,  followed    by   a  glossary    of    new 
forms  found   in   the   Hebrew  text,   and  of 
words  used  in  new  senses.     A  list  is  added 
of  tho    proverbs    of   Jesus,    son   of  Sirach, 
genuine  and  spurious,  found  in   Talmudic 
and  Babbinic  literature,  arranged  according 
to   the   order   of   tho  Greek   version.     The 
preface   gives    full    literary  particulars   re- 
specting the  book.     One  main  result  of  the 
new  text  is  that  it  proves  Sirach   to  have 
written  classical  Hebrew  (with  the   excep- 
tion of  a  few  New-Hebrew  words).     Two 
facsimile  pages,   the  first    and   last  of   the 
Oxford   fragment,  are   appended,    showing 
marginal  notes  of  various  readings,  some- 
what  resembling   tho  Massora  to   the  Old 
Testament. 

Me.  Arthur  Dasent,  whose  forthcoming 
book  on  Mayfair  is  now  approaching  com- 
pletion, would  bo  grateful  for  tho  loan  of 
any  unpublished  letters,  especially  of  tho 
eighteenth  century,  referring  to  individual 
houses  in  Berkeley  Square,  Hill  Street, 
Charles  Street,  Curaon  Street,  and  tho 
neighbourhood  generally.  Communications 
intended  for  Mr.  Daaent  may  bo  addressed 
to  Messrs.  Macmillan. 

The  Queen  has  just  accepted  the  dedica- 
tion <>f  the  little  collection  oz  hymns  for  use 
at  tho  celebrations   of  the  sixtieth  year  of 


20 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN/EUM 


X  :JG10,  Jan.  2,  '97 


her  reign,  which  Messrs.  Bkeffington  ft  Bon 
will  publish  during  this  month.  Among 
the  writers  are  the  Bishop  of  Ripon,  the 
Rev-,  s.  J,  Stone,  Mr.  I  Ihattertoo  I >i\,  ''anon 
Twells,  Oanon  Rawnsley,  &c,  wliilo  special 
tunes  will  be  supplied  by  Sir  John  Stainer, 
Sir  Walter  Parratt,  Dr.  Bridge  (of  West- 
minster), Dr.  G.  Martiu  (of  St.  Paul's),  and 

others. 

The  authorship  of  Scottish  poetry  threatens 
to  supply  matter  of  controversy  as  ex- 
haustless  as  tho  battle  of  Hastings.  Another 
of  Prof.  Skeat's  verdicts  is  to  bo  attacked. 
Tho  metrical  '  Legends  of  the  Saints,'  ori- 
ginally attributed  by  the  late  Mr.  Bradshaw 
to  John  Barbour,  were  subsequently  edited 
as  his  by  Dr.  Horstmann.  Contrary  argu- 
ments of  German  birth  were  favoured  by 
Prof.  Skeat,  on  the  strength  of  which  the 
ascription  was  rejected  and  the  legends  re- 
edited  as  anonj-mous  by  Dr.  Metcalfe  for  the 
Scottish  Text  Society.  Mr.  George  Neilson 
is  reassailing  the  question  in  the  Scottish 
Antiquary  for  January.  He  disputes  the 
validity  of  the  rhyme-canon  of  Dr.  Buss,  and 
adduces  parallels  of  substance  and  diction 
between  '  The  Bruce '  and  the  St.  Ninian 
legend  conclusive,  in  his  opinion,  that  only 
one  pen  could  have  written  both.  As  the 
Ninian  legend  has  passages  found  verbatim 
also  in  another  of  the  legends,  it  is  in  a 
sense  the  key  of  the  collection,  and  the 
authorship  of  the  whole  will  almost  certainly 
depend  on  that  of  the  part. 

Messrs.  Lttzac  &  Co.  write  : — 

"We  were  much  surprised  to  see  in  last 
week's  issue  of  the  Athenwum  our  name  men- 
tioned as  publishers  of  a  work  by  Mr.  H.  W. 
Mengedott.  No  arrangement  whatever  was 
made  by  us  as  regards  this  or  any  other  work 
by  Mr.  H.  \V.  Mengedott." 

Ax  interesting  relic  of  Pope  and  Gay  has 
recently  been  unearthed  by  Mr.  Buxton 
Forman  in  his  peregrinations  among  the 
London  bookshops.  This  is  no  other  than 
the  copy  of  Gay's  '  Trivia '  presented  by 
the  author  to  Pope,  the  fact  being  authenti- 
cated by  a  bold  inscription  in  Pope's  hand- 
writing :  "Ex  dono  Authoris."  It  is  one 
of  the  exceedingly  few  copies  which  were 
produced  on  large  paper,  and  is  in  beautiful 
preservation.  These  large  -  paper  copies 
have  more  than  a  fancy  interest ;  for  in 
them  the  woodcut  scroll  ornaments  at  the 
headings  of  the  three  books  of  'Trivia' 
were  superseded  in  favour  of  three  charming 
oblong  copper-plates,  the  first  a  pretty  con- 
temporary view  of  London,  the  other  two 
the  Pegasus  and  lyre  engravings  which 
were  used  in  the  first  complete  or  five-canto 
edition  of  '  Tho  Eape  of  the  Lock,'  published 
in  1712,  the  year  before  Gay  wrote  his 
'  Trivia.'  It  was  of  course  natural  that,  if 
Gay  had  a  large-paper  copy  at  all,  he  should 
present  it  to  his  colleague  (with  Arbuthnot) 
in  the  production  of  'Three  Hours  after 
Marriage';  and  the  book  is  a  most  interest- 
ing find. 

The  Cambridge  Historical  Tripos  examina- 
tion is  henceforth  to  be  divided  into  two  parts, 
the  latter  including  comparative  and  deduc- 
tive politics,  and  a  select  subject  in  the  his- 
tory of  thought,  literature,  or  art.  At  Ox- 
ford tho  Christmas  examination  for  Mathe- 
matical Moderations  has  been  discontinued. 

Brsnoi*  Pearson  during  the  later  years 
of  his  life  compiled  a  commonplace  book  of 


remarkable  passages  and  striking  thoughts 
which  he  met  with  in  the  course  oi  reading. 

1 1  is  widow  has   placed  thoso  in  tho  hands  of 
Mr.    Elliot   Stock,    who    will    publish    them 

\ciy  shortly  in  a  vohnno,  with  a  preface  by 

tho  Bishop  of  Manchester. 

As  an  indication  of  tho  continued  pro- 
gress of  the  Finnish  language  as  a  literarj' 
\  ahicle,  we  note  that  tho  number  of  periodi- 
cals written  in  Finnish  and  published  in 
1896  was  111,  of  which  100  appeared  in 
Fiidand  and  11  abroad.  In  Finland  were 
also  published  72  periodicals  in  Swedish, 
and  -1  in  both  Finnish  and  Swedish. 

Folk-lorists  may  be  interested  to  hear 
that  the  Society  for  "  Bayerische  Volks- 
kundo  und  Muudart  -  Forschung,"  the 
foundation  of  which  we  announced  some 
time  ago,  will  shortly  issue  the  first  volume 
of  its  Mitteilungen. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  Reports  on  the  Charities  of  Four 
Yorkshire  Parishes  ;  and  a  Statistical  Ab- 
stract for  the  Colonial  and  other  Possessions 
of  the  United  Kingdom,  1881  to  1895 
(Is.  2d.). 

SCIENCE 


Problems  of  Biology.     By  George  Sandeman, 

M.A.  (Sonnenschein  &  Co.) 
Tnis  essay  has  just  missed  being  a  valuable 
contribution  to  a  very  interesting  discussion. 
It  gives  evidence  of  original  thought  and 
wide  reading,  but  its  style  is  such  that  the 
class  of  readers  to  whom  it  would  have 
been  really  useful  will  never  master  its 
contents. 

Shortly  stated,  Mr.  Sandeman's  object  is 
to  test  the  current  theories  of  life  and 
development  from  the  point  of  view  of 
philosophy.  It  was  high  time  some  one 
undertook  the  task,  for  the  biologist  who 
resents  any  intrusion  of  metaphysics  into 
what  he  is  pleased  to  consider  the  domain 
of  fact,  and  looks  upon  the  world  as  "  made 
in  compartments  answering  to  university 
lectureships,"  is  unfortunately  no  figment 
of  Mr.  Sandeman's  imagination.  It  is  pre- 
cisely to  him  that  '  Problems  of  Biology ' 
might  have  been  helpful,  perhaps  even  in- 
spiring, whereas  we  fear  that  it  will  be 
merely  unintelligible,  for  Mr.  Sandeman 
seems  to  have  road  German  until  he  has  lost 
the  power  of  writing  English. 

His  first  argument  is  that 
"the  doctrine  of  the  independence  of  science 
from  philosophy,  always  over-emphasized,  has, 

in  the  case  of  biology,  no  meaning  whatever 

the  problem  of  philosophy  as  regards  organisms 
is  the  problem  of  biology." 

This  is  rather  an  overstatement  of  the  case, 
but  it  is  pleasant  to  find  the  case  stated  at 
all.  Having  thus  defined  his  position,  Mr. 
Sandeman  proceeds  to  review  in  detail  tho 
chief  biological  hypotheses.  In  each  case 
tho  questions  asked  aro  tho  same  :  Firstly, 
in  what,  according  to  tho  hypothesis  under 
consideration,  does  the  unity  of  the  or- 
ganism— "the  very  category  of  biology," 
as  Mr.  Sandeman  calls  it — consist?  And 
secondly,  can  an  unassailable  theory  of 
tho  unity  —  of  identity  in  difference  —  bo 
built  up  upon  the  hypothesis?  We  agree 
with  him  that  satisfactory  answers  to 
these    questions    aro     not    given     by    any 


hypothesis  according  to  which  the  parts 
of  the  organism,  or  the  organism  and 
its  environment,  are  looked  upon  as  un- 
related particulars,  acting  independently  of 
one  another.  That  they  postulate  this 
"  independence  of  differences"  is  the  accu- 
sation which  he  brings  against  1:  '  ins 
of  Herbert  Spencer,  Weismann,  Naegeli, 
and  Lamarck.  Criticism  from  a  new  point 
of  view  is  always  interesting,  and  we  have 
seldom  read  a  closer  piece  of  reasoning  than 
Mr.  Sandeman's  account  of  these  hypotho 
as  interpreted  by  the  light  of  Hegel  and 
Hartinann  ;  only  it  requires  the  patience 
of  a  conscientious  reviewer  to  follow  him 
through  the  perplexing  phraseology  in 
which  he  clothes  his  argument. 

The  chapter  on  "Natural  Selection"  is 
quite  the  weakest  part  of  the  book.  Here, 
for  instance,  is  a  surprising  statement  : — 

"A  species  is  at  no  time,  in  fact,  more 
numerous  than  can  be  supported  by  its  means 
of  subsistence,  and  it  seems  probable  that  it 
never  comes  near  to  such  a  limit." 

"Wo  suppose  Mr.  Sandeman  means  the 
individuals  of  a  species,  in  which  case  the 
first  part  of  the  sentence  is  a  logical  quibble, 
untrue  "in  fact";  and  we  know  of  no 
reason  why  the  second  part  "seems  pro- 
bable," unless  it  is  that  Dr.  Hutchison 
Stirling  finds  no  reference  to  the  struggle 
for  existence  in  '  The  Voyage  of  the  Beagle,' 
a  reason  which  is  scarcely  convincing.  And 
this  section  is  worse  than  weak,  it  is  in  bad 
taste.  Only  a  very  young  man  could  be 
pardoned  for  writing  as  follows  : — 

"  And  the  achievement  of  the  method 
[natural  selection]  is  not  to  explain  anything 
which  is,  but  it  is  merely  to  afford  us  a  transi- 
tion from  the  really  unintelligible  of  accidental 
production,  to  the  formally  intelligible  of 
conditioned  existence.  It  enables  one  to  follow, 
hypothetically,  the  production  of  the  parts  of 
the  system  of  the  body,  or  of  the  organism  and 
environment,  as  unconditioned  by  the  other 
parts  of  those  systems.  Then,  at  a  certain 
point  which  cannot  be  shown  as  phenomenal, 
these  parts  come  into  collision  with  their  con- 
ditions, and  those  only  which  fit  the  latter  (that 
is,  all  those  which  exist)  come  to  be  selected. 
Thus  the  Darwinian  thunderclap  follows  upon 
its  proper  blaze  of  abstraction.  And  all  that  it 
succeeds  in  doing  is  to  offer  to  us  an  empty 
formula  of  explanation  which  enables  us  to 
explain  the  parts  as  essentially  unrelated  to  one 
another.  In  this  respect,  and  in  harmony  with 
the  first  postulate,  it  is  an  alogical  principle, 
and  is  necessarily,  as  in  fact,  without  interest  to 
research." 

The  average  biologist  is  as  little  given  to 
hero-worship  as  any  man,  but  the  above 
will  make  him  rail  against  "  ignorant 
philosophers,"  so  that,  on  yet  another 
ground  than  that  of  style,  the  barrier 
between  him  and  Mr.  Sandeman  seems 
impassable.  There  are,  however,  a  good 
many  psychologists  who  understand  the 
Gorman  of  the  philosophers,  though  they 
accept  unquestioningly  the  most  mechanical 
theories  of  life  from  their  teachers  of  phy- 
siology. To  them  we  recommend  Mr.  Sande- 
man's essay  ;  and  if  it  is  not  called  for  in 
too  great  a  hurry,  we  expect  to  see  his  new 
edition  largely  "  revised  and  amended." 


SOCIETIES. 

Geological.—  Dec.  lf>.— Dr.  H.  Hicks,  President* 

in  the  cliair.— Messrs.  W.  A.  Brend,  R    H.  Kitson, 

J.  C.  E.  Lawson,  H.  N.  Perrin    and  J.  Roberts  were 

elected    Fellows.— The    followiog    communications 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


21 


were  read  :  'On  the  Subdivisions  of  the  Carboni- 
ferous Series  in  Great  Britain,  and  the  True  Fosition 
of  the  Beds  mapped  as  the  Yoredale  Series,'  by  Dr. 
W.  Hind, -and  'Note  on  Volcanic  Bombs  in  the 
Schalsteins  of  Nassau,'  by  Prof.  E.  Kayser,  com- 
municated by  the  Secretary. 


Institution  op  Civil  Engineers—  Dec.  22.— 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  in  the  chair. — The  paper 
read  was 'On  Steel  Skeleton  Construction  in  Chicago,' 
by  Mr.  E.  C.  Shankland. 


Mo.v. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK 
London  Institution,  4. — 'Rays  of   Light,  New  and  Old,'  Prof. 
J.  A.  Fleming. 

—  Victoria  Institute,  4}  — '  The  Botany  of  Egvpt,'  Dr  Walker. 

—  Geographical.  83. — 'An  Expedition   to  the  Barotse  Country,' 

Capt   A  S.  Gibbons.  Mr  P.  C  Reid,  and  Capt  A   ltertrand. 
Tues.     Royal    Institution,   3.  — 'Light,    Visible    and    Invisible,'  Frof. 

S  F.  Thompson. 
Wed.      Society  of  Arts,  7— 'The  Growth  and  Demolition  of  Mountains,' 

Mr  C.  T,  Dent 

—  Geological,  8.  —  '  Structure  of  the  Skull  in  a  Pliosaur,'  Mr  C.  W. 

Andrews;    'On  the  Pembroke  Earthquakes  of  August.  1892, 

and  November.  189.'!,'  Mr.  C  Davison;  'Changes  of  Level  in 

the  Bermuda  Islands,'  Prof,  R  s  T'arr. 
Thurs.  Royal  Institution,    3.— 'Light,    Visible    and    Invisible,'    Frof. 

S.  P.  Thompson. 
Fri.       Astronomical,  8. 
6at.       Eoval    Institution,    3.— 'Light,  Visible    and   Invisible,'  Prof. 

S.  P.  Thompson. 


gthxttt  (&oni$. 

We  are  exceedingly  sorry  to  hear  of  the  de- 
cease, at  Berlin,  of  Prof.  E.  du  Bois-Reymond, 
after  a  brief  illness.  He  was  born  in  1818  at 
Berlin,  and  began  in  1837  studying  theology  in 
the  University  there.  After  a  year  of  this  he 
migrated  to  Bonn  and  devoted  his  time  to 
geology,  but  in  1839  the  influence  of  Johannes 
Muller  drew  him  back  to  his  native  city.  As 
early  as  1841  he  began  his  celebrated  researches 
into  the  electricity  of  nerve  and  muscle.  His 
striking  investigations  in  this  direction  attracted 
the  attention  of  Humboldt,  owing  to  whose 
encouragement  he  was  able  to  publish  his  cele- 
brated '  Untersuchungen  iiber  die  thierische 
Elektricitat,'  and  who  welcomed  him  on  his 
election  to  the  Prussian  Academy  of  Sciences  in 
1850.  In  1858  he  succeeded  Johannes  Muller 
in  his  chair.  In  1868  he  became  Permanent 
Secretary  of  the  Academy.  His  writings  on 
physiology  were,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say, 
numerous  and  important,  and  the  physiologists 
of  the  present  day  owe  him  a  deep  debt  of  grati- 
tude. His  lectures  'Ueber  die  Grenzen  des 
Naturerkennens,'  'Sieben  Weltratsel,'  and 
'Goethe  und  kein  Ende,'  were  known  to  all 
educated  men  in  his  own  country  and  to  many 
outside. 

The  planet  Mercury  will  be  at  greatest 
eastern  elongation  from  the  sun  on  the  evening 
of  the  6th  inst.,  and  will,  therefore,  be  visible 
after  sunset  during  the  first  half  of  the  month 
in  the  constellation  Capricornus.  Venus  is  in- 
creasing in  brilliancy  as  an  evening  star,  moving 
in  an  easterly  direction  through  Aquarius  into 
Pisces ;  she  will  be  in  conjunction  with  the 
crescent  moon  on  the  6th.  Mars  is  decreasing 
in  brightness  ;  he  is  almost  stationary  in  the 
heavens,  situated  in  the  north-eastern  part  of 
Taurus,  and  will  be  in  close  conjunction  with 
the  moon  not  long  before  setting  on  the  morning 
of  the  15th.  Jupiter  rises  now  about  10  o'clock 
in  the  evening,  in  the  constellation  Leo.  Saturn 
is  in  the  western  part  of  Scorpio,  and  does  not 
rise  until  past  4  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

TnK  elements  of  Mr.  Perrine's  new  comet 
(g,  1896)  to  which  reference  was  made  in  our 
"Notes"  last  week  were  calculated  by  Messrs. 
Hussey  and  Perrine  from  early  observations. 
Dr.  F.  Ristenpart,  of  Heidelberg,  has  made 
another  determination  of  the  orbit,  with  the 
result  that  the  perihelion  passage  took  place 
on  the  1st  ult.  The  brightness  continues  to 
decrease  ;  and  the  comet  is  now  situated  in  the 
constellation  Eridanus,  its  approximate  place 
for  to-night  (January  2nd)  being,  according  to 
Dr.  Ristenpart's  epheineris,  R.A.  3'"  33m, 
N.IM).  90°  57',  and  for  next  Wednesday  (the 
6th)  11.  A.  ::t,:v",  N.P.D.  91°  19'. 


FINE    ARTS 


The  Communion  Plate  of  the  Parish  Churches 
in  the  County  of  London.  By  Edwin 
Freshfield,  Jun.  (Privately  printed.) 
In  a  former  number  we  had  the  pleasure  of 
noticing  Mr.  Freshfield's  excellent  work  on 
'  The  Communion  Plate  of  the  Churches  in 
the  City  of  London.'  He  has  now  issued 
a  companion  volume  on  '  The  Communion 
Plate  of  the  Parish  Churches  in  the  County 
of  London,'  and  it  is  pleasant  to  find  it  is 
to  be  followed  by  a  monograph  on  '  The 
Church  Plate  of  the  County  of  Middlesex.' 
For  some  occult  reason  Mr.  Freshfield  has 
again  chosen  to  print  his  work  "privately." 
The  bulk  of  the  present  as  of  the  former 
volume  is  occupied  by  a  descriptive  inven- 
tory of  the  plate,  but  this  is  prefaced  by 
an  important  introduction,  divided  into  two 
sections.  The  first  begins  by  explaining 
what  churches  are  dealt  with  in  the  work 
and  what  are  omitted.  Out  of  upwards  of 
three  hundred  contained  within  the  eighteen 
rural  deaneries  in  the  county  of  London 
outside  the  City,  forty-two  only  are  parish 
churches,  the  rest  being  churches  of  eccle- 
siastical parishes  and  districts  of  modern 
origin,  and  possessing,  it  is  presumed,  no 
plate  of  any  archaeological  value.  All 
these  accordingly  are  omitted  from  the  work 
"excepting  those  built  under  the  Union  of 
Benefices  Act,"  &c. 

For    historical   purposes    Mr.    Freshfield 
divides  the  parish  churches  into  two  classes : 
(1)    those  of   ancient   parishes  which  have 
existed  from  time  immemorial,  and  (2)  those 
of  certain  statutory  parishes  separated  from 
the  ancient  parishes  by  legislation  during 
the   seventeenth   and   eighteenth  centuries. 
Of  these  a  table  is  appended,  mentioning 
the  parish  and  the  date  of  its  creation,  the 
dedication    and   date   of    the   church,    and 
the    name   of    its    architect   when   known. 
Some  interesting  details  are  also   supplied 
concerning  the   cost  of  the  later  churches. 
But  the  greater  part  of  the  section  is  taken  up 
by  an  account  of  the  working  of  the  Union 
of    Benefices    Act,  an   excuse   for  which  is 
found    in   the   scattering  of  plato   brought 
about     by    the     destruction    of    the    City 
churches.      On    this  subject  Mr.  Freshfield 
entered   at    length   in   his    former  volume, 
and  his  readers  will  cordially  agree  with  him 
that  "every  obstacle  should  be  put  in  the 
way  of  anything  like  wholesale  demolition." 
From  the  second  section  of  the  introduc- 
tion,   which    treats    of    the    general    cha- 
racteristics of  the  plate,  we  learn  that  in 
the  county  of  London  not  a  single  medueval 
piece  of  plato  has  survived.    In  the  City,  on 
the  contrary,   five  specimens  have  escaped 
destruction.     In  the  county,  too,  nearly  all 
the   Elizabethan    and    Jacobean    plate  has 
disappeared,  and   the   bulk   of   the  vessels 
are  post- Restoration,    eighteenth   century, 
or  modern.     The  last-named,  as  Mr.  Fresh- 
field points  out,  are  usually  copied  from  ono 
or  two  typical   pieces   of    pre-Reformation 
plate  still  preserved  in  this  country,  "and 
in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  where  the  artist 
has  tried  to  improvo  on  tho  old  model,  with 
design  or  detail  of  his  own  invention,  tho 
result  is  a  failure."     Almost  all  tho  plato  in 
tho  county  of  London  is  tho  work  of  London 
goldsmiths,  tho  exceptions  being  some  three 
or  four  pieces  of  provincial  make  and  about 


half  a  dozen  foreign  pieces.  Among  these 
last  are  cups  at  Bromley  and  Fulham,  and 
a  little  goblet  at  St.  Mary-le-Strand. 

Among  the  materials  used  are  a  number 
of  jugs,  flagons,  or  cruets  made  of  glass, 
no  doubt  because  they  are  cheap,  and 
anything  is  good  enough  for  a  church 
according  to  some  people  ;  but  the  use  of 
glass  for  chalices,  as  at  St.  James's,  Clerken- 
well,  is  contrary  to  all  ancient  custom  and 
should  be  avoided. 

Among  the  flagons  there  seems  to  be  much 
diversity  of  shape.  The  prevalent  pattern 
is  the  tankard,  both  of  the  tall  type  and  the 
shorter,  with  flat  lids,  but  in  later  examples 
the  lid  is  domed.  Most  of  the  examples  are 
quite  plain,  but  an  elaborate  set  of  three 
round-bellied  flagons  is  in  use  at  St.  James's, 
Piccadilly,  and  a  handsome  tall  tankard  not 
unlike  the  well-known  Norwich  and  Bristol 
examples  is  preserved  at  Kensington. 

Of  cups  only  one  of  the  Edwardian  type 
exists  (at  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster),  and 
of  the  Elizabethan  period  but  four  have 
survived.  Eleven  Stuart  examples,  six 
made  during  the  Commonwealth,  and  thir- 
teen later  are  all  there  are  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  There  are  in  addition  to 
the  cups  of  the  usual  type  several  others 
that  are  of  peculiar  form  or  of  secular 
origin.  At  Bromley  both  the  vessels  that 
serve  as  chalices  are  secular  and  foreign, 
one  being  a  tall  Nuremberg  cup,  the  other 
a  small  Augsburg  hanap.  Hampstead  is 
fortunate  in  the  possession  of  a  very  fine 
steepled  hanap,  made  in  1629,  and  presented 
to  the  church  in  1747,  and  Kensington  has  a 
cup  of  the  same  type,  but  without  a  cover ; 
it  is  also  earlier,  with  the  hall-marks  for 
1599.  At  Fulham  is  a  fine  steepled  cup 
with  characteristic  bulbed  bowl  and  cover,  of 
Nuremberg  make,  given  in  1689;  and  the 
same  church  has  also  a  very  pretty  pair  of 
English  cups,  made  in  1615,  with  steepled 
covers. 

The  paten-covers  with  which  many  cups 
are  provided,  and  patens  proper,  call  for  no 
general  remark.  They  conform  to  the  usual 
types  of  either  a  flat  circular  plate,  or  the 
same  mounted  on  a  short  foot  or  stem. 
Only  one  example  is  earlier  than  1624.  A 
pretty  lobed  dish  of  Liibeck  make  of  the 
sixteenth  century  serves  as  a  paten  at  St. 
Mary  Abbots,  Kensington,  and  two  Ham- 
burg basins  with  repousse,  work  on  the  rims 
are  in  use  at  St.  Mary-le-Strand.  A  paten 
almost  of  mediaeval  type  with  peculiar  raised 
ornament,  and  the  cup  to  which  it  belongs, 
also  with  like  ornament,  were  given  to  the 
latter  church  in  1712. 

The  almsdishes,  as  Mr.  Freshfield  points 
out,  are  in  general  extremely  poor.  The 
large  and  handsome  examplo  at  St.  James's, 
Piccadilly,  made  in  1683,  has  the  Last 
Supper  in  high  relief  in  tho  centre,  and  a 
repousse  border  with  fruit,  &c.  St.  Mar- 
garot's,  Westminster,  possesses  a  similar  ex- 
ample, though  not  so  good  and  a  few  years 
later  in  date.  Both  measure  nearly  two 
feet  iD  diameter. 

As  in  most  collections  of  plate,  that  in 
the  churches  of  the  county  of  London  in- 
cludes many  articles  of  a  miscellaneous 
character,  such  as  a  rose-water  ewer,  two 
baptismal  bowls,  snufTlirtxes,  chairmen's 
hammers,  and  tho  like.  Tho  most  remark' 
able  of  all  is  tho  famous  tobacco  -  box 
belonging  to  tho   parish  of   St.  Margaret, 


T  II  E     ATI!  KX.KUM 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


Westminster,    The  original  bos  is  a  Bmall 
one  oi  horn,  engraved  with  the  .-inns  of  tho  ] 
city  of  Westminster  and  a  bust  of  the  Duke 
of  Cumberland  within  a  "f  trophies, 

from  a  design  by  Hogarth.  It  was  given 
to  tin1  parish  in  1718,  but  has  since  been 
enclosed  in  sis  Bucoeesive  outer  (uses,  the 
surfaces  of  which  are  covered  with  names 
of  various  persons  and  with  engravings  of 
events  of  local  or  national  importance. 

Tho  beadles'  staves  in  the  county  of 
London  are  considered  by  Mr.  Freshfield  to 
bo  "quite  as  good  if  not  better  than  those 
in  tho  City"  (ate).  They  are  over  seventy  in 
number,  and  may  be  divided  into  (1)  those 
with  pear-shaped  knobs,  (2)  those  sur- 
mounted by  statuettes,  models,  or  other 
devices,  and  (3)  short  maces  or  wands.  By 
far  the  larger  number  belong  to  the  second 
class,  many  excellent  examples  of  which  are 
figured  in  the  work.  Although,  on  the 
whole,  the  church  plate  of  the  county 
cannot  be  compared  with  that  in  the  City 
as  regards  the  antiquity  of  individual 
pieces  or  in  general  artistic  interest,  there 
are,  as  we  have  seen,  many  articles  of 
unusual  excellence. 

Mr.  Freshfield's  inventories,  like  those  in 
his  former  volume,  appear  to  be  carefully 
and  thoroughly  done.  They  include  the 
measurements,  weights,  hall-marks  (where 
any),  and  short  descriptions  of  each  piece, 
and  are  not  overburdened  with  unnecessary 
notes  on  the  genealogy  of  the  donors.  A 
useful  classified  table  of  every  piece  of 
plate  (each  class  arranged  in  chronological 
order,  with  diagrams  of  the  makers'  marks), 
and  a  list  of  donors  of  plate,  conclude  the 
volume.  No  index  of  the  many  persons  and 
places  mentioned  in  it  is  vouchsafed,  but  on 
the  appearance  of  the  volume  on  the  church 
plate  of  Middlesex  we  are  promised  a  general 
index  to  the  three  volumes. 

The  twenty-four  plates  that  form  the  only 
illustrations  to  this  volume  are  collotype 
reproductions  of  large  photographs  taken 
for  the  purpose.  Several  of  them  —  such 
as  the  picture  of  the  great  almsdish  at 
St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  and  that  of  the 
curious  dish  at  St.  George's-in-the-East, 
and  the  groups  of  plate  at  Stepney,  Ken- 
sington (St.  Mary  Abbots),  and  St.  Mary- 
le-Strand — leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  The 
eleven  plates  devoted  to  the  beadles'  staves 
are  also  excellent.  We  should,  however, 
like  to  know  why  these  eleven  plates  alone 
are  numbered,  while  the  other  thirteen 
plates,  which  alternate  with  them,  are  not 
numbered  at  all.  The  finding  of  the  plates 
is  on  this  account  no  easy  matter,  and  the 
difficulty  is  increased  by  the  printer's  stupid 
habit  of  not  numbering  the  pages  that 
begin  with  a  new  parish.  Thus  out  of  the 
first  twenty,  only  9,  12,  14,  and  17  are 
paged,  and  of  tho  second  twenty,  only  21, 
23,  31,  35,37,  and  39.  Among  the  former 
six  plates  are  distributed,  and  another  six 
among  the  latter ;  but  as  the  index  of 
illustrations  refers  the  reader  in  the  case  of 
each  of  these  twelve  plates  to  unnumbered 
pages,  the  finding  of  them  is  rather  a  trial 
to  one's  patience  and  temper.  Perhaps  Mr. 
Freshfield  will  see  that  this  defect  does  not 
occur  in  his  third  volume. 

The  work  is  admirably  printed  and  illus- 
trated throughout,  and  bound  in  unglazed 
buckram  ;  but  wo  should  have  liked  a  label 
or  lettered  title  on  the  back. 


a  N  9  I   1 1 

77..     Art    Journal,    1896    (Virtue    &    Co.)i 

< ijiens  with  a  clear  and  linn,  but  rather  too 
light  version  of  Mr.  Stanhope  Forbes's  capital 
picture  'Forging  t he  Anchor.'  In  the  first 
article  thai  accomplished  writer  Mr.  Claud 
Phillips  describes  the  collection  of  pictures 
formed  l>y  Mr.  (I.  McCulloch,  and  rightly  dc- 
plores  the  breaking  up  of  certain  historic 
gatherings  of  works  of  art  which  were  intact 
when  Dr.  Waagen  took  his  very  imperfect  and 
too  often  perfunctory  census  of  the  art  treasures 
of  Great  Britain.  But  Mr.  Phillips  rather  over- 
estimates the  value  of  the  German  critic's 
labours,  and  he  somewhat  exaggerates  our  loss 
of  pictorial  wealth.  No  doubt,  however,  we 
have  parted  with  a  number  of  fine  things, 
and  it  is  probable  that  recent  social  changes, 
especially  the  gradual  impoverishment  of  the 
"once  landed  class,"  whose  forefathers  in  the 
last  century  had  knowledge,  taste,  and  wealth 
enough  to  collect  works  of  art,  will 
entail  still  greater  losses.  If  it  is  a  special 
function  and  duty  of  a  long- established  con- 
temporary to  extol  with  the  pencil  as  well  as  the 
pen  a  certain  number  of  painters  whose  reputa- 
tions have  yet  to  be  made,  and  others  who  are 
not  likely  to  establish  a  reputation  at  all,  then  we 
are  bound  to  say  that  the  Art  Journal  of  to-day 
is  at  once  conscientious  and  enterprising  in  act- 
ing up  to  its  honourable  principles,  so  that  we 
read  in  its  pages  of  several  of  the  illustrious 
obscure.  A  few  papers  enrich  the  present 
volume  whose  writers  aim  at  better  things  and 
endeavour  to  direct  popular  taste  to  design  of 
a  high  stamp.  Much  judgment  and  tact  are 
shown  in  the  engravings  from  some  of  the 
choicest  contributions  to  current  exhibitions, 
and  the  remarks  upon  them.  It  is  pleasant, 
too,  to  read  what  Mr.  George  Leslie  and  Mr. 
F.  Eaton  have  to  tell  us  about  'The  Royal 
Academy  in  the  Present  Century,'  and  there  are 
several  capital  illustrations  of  sculpture,  ancient 
and  modern,  British  as  well  as  foreign.  A 
great  proportion  of  the  larger  cuts  and  plates 
are  quite  up  to  the  standard  of  the  Art  Journal. 
The  articles  are,  as  a  rule,  well  written,  thought- 
ful, and  competent  ;  their  characteristic  defect 
is,  as  we  have  before  said,  their  brevity,  a 
defect  which  seldom  fails  to  damp  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  writers. 

The  Magazine  of  Art,  1S9G.     (Cassell  &  Co.) 
—  There    is    great    improvement   in   the   very 
numerous      page      cuts      and      plates      which 
add    much  to    the    attractions    of    this   portly 
and  handsomely   printed  volume.     Among  the 
best  of    the  plates    are   the    frontispiece  after 
M.  Aubert's  charming  'Country  Cousins,'  here 
so  called  ;  Mr.  M.  Raeburn's  etching  of  '  Green- 
wich Pensioners, '  after  Millais  ;  and  the  photo- 
graph of   W.   Hunt's   famous   drawing   in    Mr. 
Humphry   Roberts's    collection    entitled   '  Pre- 
paring for  the  Soire"e. '     A  special  feature  of  the 
volume  is  the  series  of  cuts  after  pictures  and 
drawings    by   Lord    Leighton    and    Sir    John 
Millais,  all  of  them  characteristic  and  excellent, 
and    employed  to  illustrate    an   elaborate    and 
sympathetic     set     of    essays    by    Mr.     Spiel- 
mann.       Similar     transcripts     accompany     the 
notices    of    Sir    E.    Burne  -  Jones's     studies. 
Among     the     most     satisfactory     portions     of 
the    letterpress    are    Mr.    J.    Guille    Millais's 
papers    on    'Sport    in     Art,'    a   well  -  treated 
and    ably    illustrated    theme    which     deserves 
developing    on   a    much   larger  scale   than  the 
Magazine  could  admit  of  ;  Mr.  W.  Crane's  dis- 
courses   on    '  The    Influence  of    Architectural 
Style  upon  Design,'  a  valuable  notice  of  an  in- 
teresting matter  ;  Mr.  J.  Ward's  'Reminiscences 
of  Leighton';  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Gardner's  'Iron- 
work   at    South    Kensington.'     One     or     two 
writers  betray  curious  ignorance  of  the  subjects 
they  have  written  upon  ;  the  most  conspicuous 
of  these   instances  is   afforded    by    the  anony- 
mous 'Was  Hogarth  a  Plagiarist?'     Another 
instance    is    Mr.    Burtchaell's    note    on    '  The 


Portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth  lately  discovered 

at    Siena,'    p.    419,    the    author    of    which    did 
not    know    ol    another    version  —  doubtless    the 
original  of  the  picture — which  lias  long  been  in 
a  renowned  English  gallery.     A  third  and  m 
flagrant  instance  is  Mr.  .1.  Pennell's  '  An  ! 
periment.1 

The  Pageant,  1891  (Hem  me 

respects  a  spasmodic  magazine,  replete  witli 
tales  of  hysterical  terrors  and  curious  legends 
curiously  told  and  wondrouslj  involved.  The 
'"Foreword,"  a  laudatory  note  on  the  con- 
tributors, is  hardly  justified  by  the  contents  of 
the  book,  certainly  not  by  its  illustrations,  the 
majority  of  which  are  very  poor — whatever  their 
originals   may  be.     The  best   of   tli •  are 

Mr.  E.  G<  -se's  '  Jules  Barbey  d'Aurevilly,' 
which,  though  a  little  cynical,  is  a  good  piece  of 
writing,  showing  humour  and  research,  and  Mr. 
A.  E.  Abbott's  'God  gave  my  Donkey  Wings.' 
'Virago,'  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Scull,  is  a  well-com- 
posed story.  Mr.  Austin  Dobson's  verses  '  I*' 
script  to  "Retaliation"'  deserve,  if  anything 
could,  a  place  by  Goldsmith's  genial  satire.  The 
best  of  the  cuts,  all  things  considered,  is  that 
which  reproduces  Rossetti's  very  fine  pen  draw- 
ing of  '  Hamlet  and  Ophelia.'  That  an  original 
so  crude  and  dull  as  Mr.  C.  H.  Shannon's  rough 
sketch  of  a  female  model  resuming  her  garments, 
which  is  rather  boldly  called  '  A  Wounded 
Amazon,'  should  be  copied  at  all  is  as  surprising 
as  the  reproduction  of  '  Le  Premier  Bal,'  by 
Mr.  C.  Conder,  of  which  it  is  dithcult  to  make 
anything.  On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  C.  Ricketts's 
'  Autumn  Muse '  is  a  very  pretty  design  indeed, 
suggesting  Rossetti. 

Vanity  Fair  Album.  Vol.  XXVIII.  ('Vanity 
Fair'  Office.) — No  personage  in  Vanity  Fairh&s 
been  more  interesting,  or,  we  may  say,  better 
drawn,  than  Li  Hung  Chang,  whose  face 
and  figure  by  "  Guth  "  are  really  good  and 
vigorous,  and  full  of  character  and  strength. 
Among  the  persons  of  whom  we  cannot 
speak  from  personal  knowledge  are  several 
whom  "Jehu  Junior"  describes  as  good- 
looking,  handsome,  and  so  forth.  One  would 
not  gather  this  from  their  portraits,  but  it 
would  be  invidious  to  name  in  this  connexion 
either  the  men  or  their  likenesses.  Fortunately 
perhaps,  vol.  xxviii.  contains  no  pictures, 
true  or  false,  of  ladies  ;  but  are  we  to  under- 
stand that  no  dames  or  damsels  have  made 
themselves  notorious  or  important  during  1896  ? 
It  is  impossible  Mr.  Alfred  Austin  can  be  the 
Poet  Laureate  and  resemble  the  feeble  per- 
sonage who  figures  as  No.  042  ;  Mr.  Hall 
Caine  certainly  does  not  look  the  fury  he 
is  represented  to  be  in  No.  G51  ;  Lord 
Yarborough's  friends  repudiate  No.  661  as 
a  likeness  of  that  peer  ;  but  No.  662  may  pass 
muster  as  a  crude  likeness  of  Mr.  H.  L.  B. 
McCalmont.  The  young  Marquis  of  Bath  need 
not  complain  very  bitterly  about  No.  668  ;  nor 
can  Viscount  Curzon  reasonably  object,  for 
his  portrait  is  faithful  and  sympathetic,  one 
of  "Spy's"  best  works;  we  may  say  the 
same  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  but  the  like- 
ness of  Mr.  \V.  Woodall  (679)  is  dull  ;  that 
of  Mr.  G.  Meredith  (650)  is  a  caricature  in  the 
tiresome  old  style  of  Vanity  Fair.  One  of  the 
best  likenesses  is  No.  641,  of  the  late  Mr. 
Du  Maurier,  by  '  Spy,"  who  maintains  his  re- 
putation in  masculine  likenesses  such  as  No.  660, 
'Sir  W.  MacCormac';  but  he  is  not  likely  to 
increase  it  by  performances  like  '  Sam  Loates  ' 
(602)  and  '  Mr.  C.  C.  Clarke  '  (664). 

The  Architectural  luvieu;  Vol.  I.  No.  1 
('  Architectural  Review  '  Office),  is  a  new  candi- 
date for  the  honours  of  circulation,  and,  so  far 
as  we  can  see,  appears  fully  to  deserve  them. 
The  part  before  us,  being  that  for  November, 
contains  a  well-studied  and  sympathetic  essay 
by  Mr.  J.  E.  Newberry  on  'The  Work  of  J.  L. 
Pearson,  R.A.,'  with  special  reference  to  Truro 
Cathedral,  illustrated  by  a  plan  and  numerous 
photographic  views  of  the   building  within  and 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


23 


without.  A  series  of  papers  on  the  City  halls 
of  London,  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Lowry,  is  accompanied 
by  clever,  though  flimsy  illustrations  by  Mr.  J. 
Pennell ;  and  a  competent  account  of  the  church 
of  St.  Bartholomew  the  Great,  Smithfield,  and 
its  restoration  by  Mr.  A.  Webb,  is  supplied  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  Mallow.  A  notice  of  certain  works 
in  metal  by  Mr.  N.  and  Mrs.  E.  Dawson  is 
lightened  by  cuts  after  a  number  of  excellent 
designs  by  the  former. 


PETERBOROUGH    CATHEDRAL. 

Sir  Wollaston  Franks,  President  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  has  asked  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Peterborough  to  allow  the  pro- 
fessional advisers  of  the  Society  to  make  some 
further  examination  of  the  west  front  of  the 
church,  and  has  received  a  point-blank  refusal. 

On  Tuesday  the  Chapter  met,  and  it  was 
resolved  : — 

"  The  Deau  and  Chapter  regret  that  they  are 
unable  to  accede  to  the  request  made  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  for  permission  to 
make  a  further  examination  of  the  west  front,  with 
a  view  to  the  preparation  of  a  specification  for  the 
repair  of  the  north  gable.  On  two  different  occa- 
sions during  the  present  year  they  have  given 
facilities  to  the  Society  for  the  Protection  of 
Ancient  Buildings  to  make  full  examinations  of  the 
west  front,  and  they  gave  the  deputation  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  access  to  every  part  of  it  on 
December  4th.  But  they  consider  that  to  grant  the 
present  request  would  have  a  siguilicance  which 
did  not  attach  to  any  of  the  former  occasions." 

This,  too,  has  a  significance.  It  signifies  that 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  have  at  last  learnt  that 
the  Society  of  Ant  quaries  are  very  much  in 
earnest,  are  well  advised,  and  know  quite  well 
what  they  are  about.  It  signifies  further  that  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  and  the  architects  behind 
them,  having  made  up  their  minds  to  pulldown, 
are  afraid  of  the  alternative  plan  of  repair 
advocated  by  the  Society,  and  hope  by  locking 
the  door  to  prevent  the  preparation  of  the 
Society's  specification.  There  is  a  charming 
simplicity  about  this  which  recalls  the  Dean 
and  Chapter's  first  act  in  the  discussion,  when 
they  proposed  to  consider  the  objections  to 
pulling  down  after  two  months,  and  to  pull 
down  meanwhile.  But  if  our  information  is 
correct,  as  we  believe  it  is,  this  has  been  thought 
of  too  late,  for  the  specification  is  nearly 
ready,  and  the  further  examination  of  the 
building  was  only  sought  for  the  verification  of 
a  few  points  of  secondary  importance. 

The  resolution  goes  on  : — 

"The  Dean  and  Chapter  were  ns  desirous  as  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  can  be  that  the  old  work 
should,  if  possible,  be  left  undisturbed,  and  it  was 
with  this  end  in  view  that  they  obtained  a  second 
professional  opinion.  They  are  now  assured,  not 
only  by  the  distinguished  architects  whom  they 
have  consulted,  but  also  by  practical  workers  of  the 
widest  experience  in  dealing  with  ancient  buildings. 
that  the  safety  of  the  fabric  is  involved,  and  that 
the  method  of  repair  suggested  by  the  Society  is 
neither  suitable  nor  possible  in  this  case.  They  feel, 
therefore,  that  they  would  only  be  misleading  the 
Society  if  they  consented  to  an  examination  pre- 
paratory to  a  course  of  action  which  they  have 
definitely  decided  not  to  adopt." 

This  has  ever  been  the  burden  of  their  song, 
but  the  desire  to  leave  undisturbed  which  is 
accompanied  by  an  obstinate  determination  to 
pull  down,  and  a  refusal  even  to  listen  to  those 
who  offer  at  their  own  cost  to  demonstrate  the 
possibility  of  repair  without  pulling  down,  is  of 
a  sort  which  requires  some  education  for  its 
proper  appreciation.  And  the  reference  of  the 
matter  to  Mr.  Pearson  and  Sir  Arthur  Blomfield 
is,  as  we  pointed  out  last  week,  no  real  reference 
at  all. 

The  thanks  of  every  Englishman  are  due  to 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  for  the  stand  they 
have  made  in  this  matter,  and  for  their  refusal 
to  accept  as  final  any  "ultimatum"  of  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  so  long  as  anything  remains 
to  be  saved.  They  are  fighting  the  cause  of 
every  old  church  in  the  land.  Some  nonsense 
has  been  written  by  ignorant  people,  as  there  I 


always  is  when  any  subject  is  discussed  in  the 
newspapers,  but  the  proportion  of  it  is  less  than 
usual,  and  the  controversy  has  opened  the  eyes 
of  thousands  to  the  mischief  which  is  being  done 
under  the  name  of  "restoration."  If  every 
stone  of  Peterborough  Cathedral  be  made  as 
new  as  the  front  of  St.  Alban's,  the  fight  will 
not  have  been  fought  in  vain.  But  we  are  not 
without  hope  even  yet  that  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  may  reconsider  their  position  and  may 
pause  before  entering  upon  a  work  the  cost  of 
which  they  have  not  now  the  funds  to  meet, 
and  the  public  are  not  in  the  humour  to 
find  for  them.  Again,  too,  there  are  beginning 
to  be  heard  ominous  mutterings  about  the  state 
of  things  which  leaves  a  priceless  national 
monument  in  the  uncontrolled  power  of  five 
clergymen  who  may  be  quite  unable  to  under- 
stand its  value  and  importance.  And  any 
flagrant  abuse  of  that  power  is  certain  to  be 
brought  under  notice  of  Parliament,  perhaps 
with  results  which  others  besides  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Peterborough  may  deplore. 

THE    RAEBURN    BYRON. 

Athenreum  Club. 
I  really  cannot  allow  Mr.  Ichenhiiuser  to 
shelter  himself  in  a  cloud  of  pointless  witticisms. 
Fortunately  the  matter  at  issue  is  extremely 
simple.  On  or  about  October  10th  that 
renowned  art  collector  informed  a  journalist — 
with  a  view  to  world-wide  trumpeting — that  he 
possessed  a  portrait  of  Byron  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  painted  by  the  great  Sir  Henry 
Raeburn.  Now  facts  are  stubborn  things,  and 
cannot  be  disposed  of  as  easily  as  so-called 
"Byron  relics."  In  my  letter  to  the  Athe- 
ncexim  (November  21st,  1896)  I  pointed  out  the 
inherent  improbability  of  any  such  portrait 
having  been  painted  by  Raeburn,  without,  of 
course,  presuming  to  criticize  the  merits  of  the 
painting  itself,  which  had  been  removed  to 
America  for  sale  purposes.  It  may  be  a  genuine 
Raeburn  for  all  I  know  or  care,  but  it  most  cer- 
tainly is  not  a  portrait  of  Byron  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  nor  at  any  other  age.  If  Mr.  Ichen- 
hiiuser has  himself  been  deceived,  I  am  very 
sorry  for  him,  although  it  is  difficult  to  imagine 
a  gentleman  of  his  attainments — an  art  collector 
of  such  eminence — being  bamboozled  by  a  mere 
frame  with  "endearing  inscriptions." 

Truth  told,  my  protest  was  kindly  meant. 
It  was  an  attempt  to  serve  the  public  and  Mr. 
Ichenhiiuser.  There  are  shoals  of  so-called 
Byron  portraits  in  the  market  at  the  present 
time.  They  do  not  all  claim  to  be  originals — 
some  are  modest  enough  to  pose  as  copies — but 
they,  one  and  all,  claim  to  be  veritable  like- 
nesses of  the  poet  at  one  period  or  another  of 
his  life.  Now,  in  point  of  fact,  there  are  very 
few  genuine  portraits  of  Byron  extant,  and 
those  portraits  are  well  and  widely  known. 
Mr.  John  Murray,  Lord  Lovelace,  Lord  Leigh, 
Mr.  Webb  of  Newstead,  the  Lady  Dorchester, 
the  Lady  Burdett-Coutts,  Mr.  Alfred  Morri- 
son, Mr.  Horace  Kent,  and  the  heirs  of 
the  Hon.  Mrs.  Leigh  are,  I  believe,  the  sole 
possessors  of  portraits  taken  from  the  life  in 
oils  and  in  water  colours.  If  any  other  por- 
traits exist,  their  habitation  should  be  made 
known.  Supposing,  for  the  sake  of  argument, 
that  we  admit  the  genuineness  of  Mr.  Ichen- 
hiiuser's  Raeburn  Byron,  I  marvel  that  it 
should  have  been  taken  to  America.  There 
are  many  persons  in  England  who  would  have 
given  a  great  deal  of  money  for  that  conjunction 
of  immortal  names.  But  a  pedigree  would  have 
to  be  produced,  and  many  little  statements 
sifted  before  the  sale.  Portraits  of  celebrated 
men,  by  painters  of  Raeburn \s  eminence,  do  not 
emerge  from  an  obscurity  of  ninety  years  with- 
out causing  something  like  a  "sensation."  For 
the  sake  of  Mr.  Ichenhauser's  professional  repu- 
tation as  a  connoisseur  it  would  be  well  for  him 
to  bring  his  precious  Byron  back  to  England, 
where  (if  genuine)  it  will  abide  for  ever. 

Richard  Edgcumbe. 


THE    NEW    GALLERY. — WINTER   EXHIBITION. 
MR.    WATTS'S    PICTURES. 

More  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  examples  of 
Mr.  Watts's  art,  sculptures  as  well  as  paintings, 
are  to  be  seen  in  the  New  Gallery  ;  neverthe- 
less, the  collection   does   not    begin   with   the 
beginning   of  his  career,  although  the  earliest 
work  on  the  walls  dates  from  1834,  and  it  was 
not  till  1837   that  he    sent  his    first  contribu- 
tions to  the  Royal  Academy,  which  were  hung  by 
that  body  when   it  held  its  first  exhibition   in 
Trafalgar  Square.     They  consisted  of  two  por- 
traits of  young  ladies  and  'The  Wounded  Heron,' 
No.  3  in    this   gallery.      The    earliest  finished 
picture  before  us  is  No.  7,  a  small  half-length 
figure    of   Mr.    James    Weale ;   it   was    painted 
somewhere  about  1835,  and  is  extremely  interest- 
ing   because,    despite    a    certain    timidity   and 
heaviness    of   handling,  it   displays   uncommon 
insight  into  the   character  of    the  sitter,   firm- 
ness in  the  modelling,  and  distinct  promise  that 
the    artist,  who  was    not   more    than   eighteen 
years  old    at  the    time,  would  become  a  good 
colourist    of    the    school    of    Titian.       No.    2, 
an  unfinished,   but,  to  our   taste,  a  far  better 
instance,    is   a   very   expressive   and   beautiful 
portrait    of    the     artist   himself    "at    the   age 
of  eighteen,"  the  Catalogue  says,  while  adding 
that  it  dates  from  1834.     The  discrepancies  of 
the  dates  are  not  so  important  as  the  differences 
of    the    works,  which   seem    to    indicate   that 
No.  7  is  an   older  example  than  No.  2,  for  the 
style  of  the  latter  is  broader    and  less  timid, 
and  is  certainly  symptomatic  of  a  freer  and  more 
confident  mood.     The  earliest  exhibited  paint- 
ing before  us  is  The  Wounded  Heron  (3),  a  group 
of    birds,  which    in    its    firmness  and    spirited 
touch  is  not  unworthy  of  a  long-practised  hand. 
From  the   time   it   was   at    the   Academy    the 
artist    has    never    been    long  absent   from  the 
public   eye,    having   exhibited,    all    told,    more 
than    270    pictures    in    London    alone.       The 
present,  too,  is    the    third    large    collection  of 
his  works  that  has  been  formed  in  the  metro- 
polis, and  there  was  also  a  numerous  one  some 
years  ego  made  in  Liverpool.    It  is  clear,  there- 
fore, that  not  only  does  our  painter  not  fear  the 
test  involved  in  submitting  to  the  public  a  large 
number  of  one  man's  works,  but  that  the  public 
appreciates  such  an  exhibition  of  the  works  of 
one  who,  despite  the  great  distinction  he  enjoys 
as  a  portraitist,   has  always  declared    that   he 
"  paints  ideas,  not  objects."     The  fact  is,  how- 
ever, that,  although  his  portraits  yield  to  none 
in  veracity  and  in  modesty  of  style  and  execu- 
tion, they  embody  ideas.     It  is  not  inconsistent 
with  this  that  a  certain  deficiency  in  what  may  be 
called  fibre  should  rarely  be  quite  absent  from 
even  the  best  of  Mr.  Watts's  likenesses  of  men  ; 
when  women  are  in  question  no  lack  of  senti- 
ment, beauty,  or  grace  is  felt.     None  of  the  old 
masters,  in  fact,  has  surpassed  him  in  depicting 
ladies. 

But  is  this  collection  complete,  and  therefore 
thoroughly  representative  I  It  is  not  to  be 
forgotten  that,  although  few  men  have  excelled 
Mr.  Watts  as  a  draughtsman,  none  of  his 
numerous  drawings  appears  in  it.  It  comprises 
what  is  relatively  but  a  small  part  of  his 
output,  either  in  portraits  or  in  those  painted 
ideas  which  he  takes  it  to  be  his  duty  to  pro- 
duce, although,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  the  public 
does  not  agree  with  him  in  so  thinking.  His 
sculptures,  which  include  equestrian  statues  of 
the  heroic  size  and  in  a  most  heroic  mood,  are 
represented  by  only  one  bust.  Even  among 
the  portraits  we  miss  the  likenesses  of  many 
famous  men  posterity  will  bo  grateful  for, 
among  them  being  the  best  portraits  ever 
painted  of  Browning,  of  Henry  Taylor,  of 
Guizot,      of     Mill,      Lord     Shaftesbury,      Lord 

Dufferin,  Lord  Lytton,  and  Lord  Sherbrooke, 

of  Mr.  Lecky,  of  Mr.  Calderon,  and  others 
still  living,  and,  among  women,  of  die  late 
Marchioness  of  Waterford  and  the  living  Mrs. 


Langtry. 


24 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


X  3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


\\  e  may  pass  on  to  notice  the  other  pic- 
tures which  en  technical  or  person*]  grounds 
deserve  attention.  To  tins  treatment  of  the 
subject,  the  arrangemenl  of  the  works,  which  is, 
on  the  whole,  mere  or  less  chronological,  lends 
itself  fairly  well.  No  work  in  the  South  Room 
is  mi  interesting  on  its  own  account  as  the 
before- mentioned  No.  2,  which  is  described  as 
a  likeness  of  the  artist,  for  it  is  treated  with 
rare  breadth,  and  a  silveriness  not  common  in 
his  later  days.  Its  softness  and  the  clearness 
of  the  shadow  through  which  the  refined  and 
thoughtful  features  are  seen,  are  quite  charm- 
ing, and  we  notice  a  strong  likeness  to 
Keats  when  a  few  years  older.  A  sincere  en- 
thusiasm pervades  the  expression,  and  adds 
greatly  to  the  attractions  of  the  picture.  Of  '  The 
Wounded  Heron's'  history  we  have  already 
spoken.  Technically  it  proves  that  the  painter's 
hand  had  in  the  three  years  that  had  elapsed 
between  its  execution  and  that  of  this  por- 
trait acquired  additional  firmness  and  pre- 
cision. The  Saxon  Sentinels  (4),  two  figures, 
larger  than  life,  may  technically  be  said  to 
herald  the  development  of  a  stately  sort  of  con- 
ventional art,  distinctly  academical,  and  akin 
rather  to  the  Bolognese  School  than  the  com- 
bination of  Venetian  and  Veronese  art  on  which 
the  repute  of  the  artist  now  rests.  The  colour 
of  this  work  glows,  and  its  style  is  grandiose, 
but  it  is  incapable  of  moving  us. 

The  draughtsmanship  shows  that  when  Mr. 
Watts  painted  the  very  striking,  but  un- 
finished portrait  of  Lady  Lilford  (8)  he  had 
not  studied  the  Elgin  Marbles  in  vain  ;  and  in 
its  painting  and  the  massiveness  of  its  model- 
ling, always  a  great  point  with  Mr.  Watts,  there 
is  not  a  little  which  reminds  us  of  Reynolds's 
manipulation.  The  lady's  head  and  the  fine 
moulding  of  her  features  must  have  been  in- 
structive to  an  artist  who  was  bent  on  develop- 
ing his  power  to  deal  with  style. 

In  design  and  coloration  the  whole-length, 
life-size  portrait  of  Mrs  Nassau  Senior  (11)  is, 
comparatively  speaking,  one  of  Mr.  Watts's 
weakest  works.  It  will  be  remembered  that  this 
lady  was  Millais's  model  for  the  fair  matron,  in 
the  famous  picture  of  'The  Rescue,'  who  kneels 
on  the  staircase  and  takes  her  two  half-clad 
children  from  the  fireman  who  had  saved  them. 
The  splendour  of  her  golden  tresses  attracted 
both  artists.  '  The  Rescue  '  and  this  portrait 
were  executed  at  about  the  same  time,  i.  e., 
in  1855  ;  but  Millais  improved  the  lady's  fea- 
tures, which  Mr.  Watts  did  not.  She  died  but 
a  few  years  since.  Lady  Holland  (12)  was  painted 
in  Italy,  while  the  artist  was  being  warmly  be- 
friended by  that  eminent  leader  of  society.  It  not 
only  suggests  the  effect  of  the  brilliant  sunlight 
of  the  Riviera,  but  is  the  Lady  Holland  of  1843 
to  the  life.  In  fact,  she  thought  so  much  of  her 
protege  s  work  that,  years  after,  she  bequeathed 
it  to  the  Prince  of  Wales.  The  three-quarters- 
length,  life-size  J.  Joachim  (14),  playing  a  violin, 
is  one  of  Mr.  Watts's  most  masculine  portraits, 
dark  and  somewhat  "sunken,"  as  artists  say 
(a  circumstance  most  easily  remedied),  but,  like 
the  better-known  contemporaneous  portrait  of 
Panizzi,  in  excellent  condition. 

No.  15  is  one  of  the  best,  if  not  the  very  best 
of  the  portraits  of  Tennyson.  It  was  executed 
in  1859,  and  is  a  masterpiece  of  flesh  painting 
as  well  as  a  perfect  likeness.  Una  and  the  lied 
Cross  Knight  (1G)  is  one  of  the  happiest  of  Mr. 
Watts's  romantij  pictures.  But  charming  as  its 
grace,  movement,  and  bright  colouring  are,  they 
rather  diminish  its  virility  and  spontaneity  ; 
in  these  respects  it  resembles  The  Childhood  of 
Jupiter  (00),  When  Poverty  comes  in  at  the 
Window  (70),  Britomart  and  Iter  Nurse  (98), 
and  one  or  two  more  of  his  illustrative  and 
anecdotic  pictures — not  of  the  allegories,  which 
belong  to  quite  a  different  category.  Miss  May 
Prinscp's  portrait  (21)  is  pearl-like  in  colour 
and  delightful  in  its  sweetness  and  purity  ; 
while,  painted  thirty  years  ago,  the  highly 
finished  and  thoroughly  natural  likeness  of  the 


present    Earl  of  Carlisle  (.'{.'<),  then  Mr.  Get 
Howard,  is  an  exceptionally  good    example  of 
a  manner  of  painting  .Mr.  Watts  seldom  adopts. 

It  has  not,  we  think,  been  exhibited  before. 

NOTES   PROM   ATHENS. 

AMONG  the  archaeological  excavations  of  the 
last    month    those  at  Corinth  and   the  islands  of 
Then  and  Melos  deserve  especial  notice.      Of  a 
city  like  Corinth,  well  known  for  its  riches  and 
brilliancy,    which    only    received    a    temporary 
check    by  its    destruction  at  the  hands  of  Murn- 
mius,  and  was  restored  by  .Julius  C;esar  to  new 
life  and  something  of  its  ancient  glory  as  Colonia 
Laus     Julia    Corinthus,    there    was,    it   is    ad- 
mitted, little  left.     The  existence  of  the  city  in 
the    Middle    Ages,    the    misery    and    repeated 
plundering,  which  culminated  in  the  disastrous 
domination  of  the  Turks,  and   finally  the  fre- 
quent earthquakes,  all  contributed  gradually  to 
destroy  the  relics  of  antiquity.     The  well-known 
ruins  of  an  old  Dorian  temple  with   monolith 
pillars  and  the    remains   of   the   amphitheatre 
outside  the  old  city  were  the  only  remnants  of 
early  date.     But  the  old  ruins  were  hardly  in 
better   preservation   at   the   end   of  the  seven- 
teenth   and   beginning  of   the  eighteenth    cen- 
tury,   as    we    gather    from    the   official    records 
of   the   Venetian   archives.      Only    the   amphi- 
theatre was    in  comparatively  better  preserva- 
tion than  at  present,  as  can  be  seen  from  the 
report  which  Francesco  Grimani,  "  Provveditor 
General  dell'  armi  in  Regno,"  sent  from  Corinth 
to   the   Senate   on    September   25th,    1700,    in 
which  he  proposed   to  employ  the  old  amphi- 
theatre as  a  lazaretto  for  the  plague  then  preva- 
lent   in    the    district.     This    report,     together 
with  the  accompanying  drawing,  was  published 
in   1877  in    the  Mittheilungen  des  ]:.   deutschen 
archdolog.   Inst.      Meanwhile,   as     the  newcity 
occupied  the  site  of  old  Corinth,  more  extended 
excavations,  with  the  view  of  bringing  to  light 
the  existing  relics,  were  not  to  be  thought  of. 
But  after  an  earthquake  in  1857  had  completely 
destroyed  old  Corinth,  new  Corinth  by  a  law  of 
May  22nd  in   the  same  year   was  built  6  kilo- 
metres  to  the  north-east  of   the  old  city,  and 
old  Corinth   was   gradually  transformed   into  a 
decaying  village,    which  at  the  last  census    in 
1889   only   numbered   883    inhabitants.       This 
desertion  gave  a  much  freer  hand  to  the  advo- 
cates of   systematic  excavation.     Such  investi- 
gations   have    now    been    undertaken    by    the 
American   School  here,  under  the  direction  of 
Prof.   Rufus  Richardson,    and   the   first  results 
were   important    enough    to    encourage    wider 
operations. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  Pausanias  here, 
as  in  all  such  cases,  is  the  best  guide  to  the 
scrutiny  of  the  old  ground,  although  his  topo- 
graphical description  is  not  sufficiently  clear. 
Pausanias  starts  from  Cenchrere,  the  harbour 
in  the  Saronic  Gulf,  proceeds  along  the  road  to 
Corinth,  glances  at  the  monuments  there,  and 
then  describes  the  groupof  temples  situated  in  the 
market.  Then  he  follows  the  street  which  leads 
to  the  other  harbour,  Lecha?um,  on  the  Corinthian 
Gulf,  and  mentions  also  other  monuments 
which  were  in  any  way  connected  with  those  to 
be  found  in  this  direction,  but  otherwise  scat- 
tered about  the  city.  Lastly,  he  gives  a  long 
description  of  the  extant  monuments,  following 
the  road  that  leads  from  the  market  to  Sicyon, 
and  passes  the  temple  of  Minerva  Chalinitis 
and  the  group  of  monuments  which  are  near  it 
on  his  way  to  the  Acro-corinthus.  Keeping 
this  route  of  Pausanias  properly  in  mind,  we 
see  clearly  that,  with  the  exception  of  the 
monuments  scattered  about  the  city,  which  our 
guide  oidy  mentions  casually  and  out  of  their 
place  in  his  walk  through  the  Leclueum  Street, 
all  the  rest  are  described  in  groups.  One  suc- 
ceeds another  ;  we  need  only  fix  the  chief 
directions  and  find  some  of  the  chief  remnants 
to  reconstruct  the  whole  plan  of  the  ground 
and  discover  all  the  monuments,  if  they  are 
still  in  existence.     When,  therefore,  the  Ameri- 


pade  hit  on  the  theatre  at  tin-  tirst  attempt 
the  discovery  was  important.  This  theatre  has 
1  to  the  depth  of  L'2ft.  The  dis- 
covery, of  which  there  are  at  present  only 
few  details  to  hand,  is  not  only  interesting  in 
itself,  but  will  serve  to  divulge  the  other  build- 
which  still  lie  underground  and  undis- 
covered. It  is  noticeable  that  merely  the  stone 
supports   of   the   rows    of     •  irvive    from 

Greek  times,  and  a  Roman  theatre  of  later  date 
has  been  built  on  the  same  site.  With  this 
discovery,  however,  are  connected  two  others, 
which  will  give  secure  indications  for  further 
excavation.  A  Greek  portico  100  ft.  long  has 
been  discovered,  and  at  a  depth  of  about 
7  metres  a  carefully  plastered  street  has  been 
laid  open  for  about  17  metres.  A  number  of 
very  deep  springs  were  discovered  at  the  same 
time.  Among  the  antiquities  of  importance  dis- 
covered is  a  large  vase  of  burnt  earth,  which 
has  been  put  together  out  of  several  pieces. 

The  results  up  to  now  belong  only  to  the 
excavations  which  have  been  made.  Negotia- 
tions between  the  American  School  and  the 
Greek  Government  have  ended  in  an  arrange- 
ment to  buy  the  fields  and  hand  them  over  to 
the  archreologists,  who  will  make  a  systematic  and 
regular  excavation.  The  agreement  as  to  the 
contents  will  be  that  of  the  French  Government 
concerning  Delphi.  In  accordance  with  the 
terms  of  this  convention  the  ground  will,  in 
a  short  time  from  the  present  day,  be  purchased, 
and  the  excavations  again  begun.  I  hope 
that  the  indefatigable  American  investigators, 
both  by  the  publication  of  their  present  results 
and  a  speedy  extension  of  the  range  of  their 
fortunate  finds,  will  increase  the  store  of  our 
knowledge  of  the  topography  and  monuments 
of  Corinth.  In  my  next  letter  I  shall  deal  with 
the  excavations  at  Thera  and  Melos. 

Spyr.  P.  Lambros. 


Jfi»f-^ri  (gtfssip. 

The  private  view  of  the  Winter  Exhibition 
of  the  Royal  Academy,  consisting  exclusively  of 
works  by  Lord  Leighton,  is  appointed  for  to-day 
(Saturday)  ;  the  public  will  be  admitted  on 
Monday  next. 

The  admirers  of  W.  J.  Miiller  and  others 
who,  though  displeased  by  the  mannerisms 
of  his  painting,  yet  enjoy  the  brightness 
of  his  effects,  the  sparkle  of  his  colora- 
tion, and  the  extreme  cleverness  of  his  com- 
position, to  say  nothing  of  his  distinction  as 
the  finest  of  the  scenic  landscapists  of  our  time, 
will  be  gratified  by  a  visit  or  two  to  the  Corpora- 
tion Art  Gallery  at  Birmingham,  in  which  nearly 
two  hundred  of  Midler's  productions  of  all  sorts 
and  subjects  have  been  collected.  They 
comprise,  with  hardly  an  exception,  the  most 
attractive,  characteristic,  and  popular  of  the 
painter's  works.  The  illustrated  catalogue  of 
them  is,  in  its  way,  a  desirable  possession. 

A  marble  bust  of  the  Very  Rev.  Joseph 
Hirst  is  to  be  placed,  as  a  memorial  of  that 
distinguished  archaeologist,  in  the  library  of 
Ratcliffe  College,  Leicester,  of  which  he  was 
president.  The  Ratclirfian  Association  has 
given  501.  towards  the  expense  ;  the  new  Bishop 
of  London,  Earl  Percy,  Lord  Arundellof  Wardour, 
Lord  Gerard,  Mr.  E.  Bellasis  (Lancaster  Herald), 
and  Mr.  Hellier  Gosselin  have  also  contributed. 
Subscriptions  may  be  sent  to  the  Rev.  A.  Emery 
at  the  College. 

The  Landscape  Exhibition  of  the  current 
season  in  the  Dudley  (iallery  comprises  works  by 
Messrs.  R.  W.  Allan,  J.  S.  Hill,  H.  McLach- 
1  an.  A.  D.  Peppercorn,  L.  Thomson,  and  E.  A. 
Waterlow. 

We  regret  to  learn  that  there  has  been  risk 
of  the  destruction  of  the  beauty  of  that  very  fine 
house,  the  British  Embassy  in  the  Faubourg 
St.  Honors,  Paris,  by  the  raising  of  the  roofs 
of  the  wings  en-avant-corps  on  either  side  of  the 
gate,  for  the  purpose  of  putting  an  additional 


N°  3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


25 


story  above  the  present  chancellerie,  and  one  to 
match  it  on  the  other  side  of  the  court.  More 
room  is  said  to  be  needed  ;  but,  if  so,  it  would 
be  wise  to  gain  it  by  boarding-out  the  consulate 
rather  than  by  adding  a  story  to  buildings  which 
will  not,  architecturally  speaking,  bear  an  in- 
crease of  height.  If  the  intention  to  spoil  the 
Embassy  be  not  abandoned,  attention  will  be 
called  to  the  matter  in  Parliament  on  the  vote 
for  diplomatic  buildings  and  on  that  for  the 
salary  of  the  Chief  Commissioner  of  Works. 

Numerous  and  urgent  complaints  having 
been  made  of  the  essay  which  precedes 
the  catalogue  of  the  current  exhibition  of  the 
Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours,  the  Com- 
mittee has  withdrawn  it  from  circulation. 

The  Swiss  papers  record  the  death  of  Prof. 
Ernst  Gladbach,  of  Zurich,  on  December  2Gth, 
in  his  eighty-fourth  year.  He  was  born  at 
Darmstadt,  and  was  Hessian  State  architect 
from  1840  to  1857,  when  he  was  called  to  the 
Chair  of  Architecture  in  Zurich,  which  he  held 
until  his  retirement  in  1890.  He  is  known  for 
his  writings  on  the  history  and  construction  of 
buildings  in  wood,  especially  by  his  '  Holzarchi- 
tektur  der  Schweiz,'  which  has  passed  through 
two  edition). 

La  Chronique  des  Arts  announces  that  the 
Paris  Salon  will  be  opened  this  year,  for  the 
last  time  in  the  Champs  Elyse'es,  on  April  20th 
instead  of  May  1st.  It  will  be  closed  on  June  8th. 
Pictures  intended  for  this  Salon  must  be  de- 
livered at  the  Palais  de  l'lndustrie  between 
March  5th  and  10th,  sculpture  between  the 
23rd  and  27th,  and  architectural  works  on  the 
28th  or  29th. 


MUSIC 


Life    and     Letters    of    Sir     Charles    Halle. 
(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.) 

This  extremely  interesting  volume  is  edited 
by  the  late  musician's  son  Mr.  C.  E.  Halle 
and  his  daughter  Miss  Marie  Halle,  these 
members  of  his  family  acknowledging  their 
indebtedness  to  Mr.  C.  L.  Graves  for  valu- 
able and  sympathetic  assistance.  It  may 
safely  be  said  that  Sir  Charles  Halle  and 
Mr.  August  Manns  have  done  more  for 
music  in  this  country  during  the  past 
thirty  or  forty  years  than  any  other 
foreigners  who  have  taken  up  their  residence 
in  England.  The  present  volume  begins 
with  an  autobiography,  which,  however,  ends 
with  1865,  after  which  the  son  takes  up  the 
record  of  the  father's  life,  and  ends  it  with 
tenderness  and  reverence.  Karl  Halle  was 
born  on  Easter  morning,  April  11th,  1819, 
and  he  says  that,  curiously  enough,  Easter 
Day  fell  every  eleven  years  on  April  11th 
until  he  was  fifty-five  years  old.  Halle  has 
much  to  say  concerning  the  eminent  musi- 
cians he  met  in  Paris  in  his  early  years, 
among  them  being  Spohr,  Chopin,  Liszt, 
Cherubini,  Thalberg,  Stephen  Heller,  Wag- 
ner, Berlioz,  and  many  others  of  lesser  note. 
Referring  to  Berlioz,  he  says  : — 

"There  never  lived  a  musician  who  adored 
his  art  more  than  did  Berlioz  ;  he  was,  indeed, 
enthusiasm  personified.  To  hear  him  speak 
about,  or  rave  about,  a  real  chef-d'cewore  such  as 
4  Ermida,'  'Iphigenia,'  or  the  c  minor  Symphony 
was  worth  any  performance  of  the  same.  And 
what  a  picture  he  was  at  the  head  of  his  orches- 
tra, with  his  eagle  face,  his  bushy  hair,  his  air 
of  command,  and  glowing  with  enthusiasm.  He 
was  the  most  perfect  conductor  that  I  ever  set 
eyes  upon,  one  who  held  absolute  sway  over 
his  troops,  and  played  upon  them  as  a  pianist 
upon  the  key-board." 


In  1839  Stephen  Heller  brought  to 
Halle's  rooms  in  Paris  a  young  musician 
named  Pichard  Wagner  :  — 

"  We  all  liked  him  as  a  frank,  amiable,  and 
lively  companion,  modest  and  full  of  enthu- 
siasm for  all  that  is  beautiful  in  art.  In  1876, 
when  I  met  him  at  Bayreuth,  his  first  words 
alluded  to  the  pleasant  evenings  with  Heller  at 
my  rooms  in  Paris  !  What  a  difference  there 
was  between  the  man  of  1839  and  the  man  of 
1876  !  " 

The  number  eleven  was  as  significant  for 
Halle  as  that  of  thirteen  was  for  Wagner, 
for  he  married  his  first  wife,  nee  Desiree 
Smith  de  Pilieu,  on  November  11th,  1841. 
In  1847  he  started  "concerts  de  musique 
de  chambre,"  never  before  attempted  in 
Paris ;  but  in  the  following  year  the  Revo- 
lution broke  out,  his  pupils,  save  one,  dis- 
appeared, and  the  master  had  to  think  what 
could  be  done  for  himself,  his  wife,  and  two 
small  children.  The  scene  is  described  briefly, 
but  graphically,  and  also  the  wrench  that 
he  endured  in  leaving  his  beloved  Paris  for 
Englandin  March,  1848.  Hesaysthathe  was 
far  from  anticipating  thathe  would  eventually 
feel  at  home  in  England,  and  be  proud  to 
become  one  of  her  citizens,  and  play  a 
humble,  but  not  unimportant  part  in  the 
development  of  her  musical  taste.  What 
great  benefit  Halle  showered  on  music  here 
there  is  no  need  to  insist  upon,  but  he  is  in 
error  in  saying  that  no  record  could  be 
found  of  the  complete  performance  of  a 
Beethoven  sonata  in  London  prior  to  1848. 
Mr.  Deakin,  of  Birmingham,  one  of  the 
most  erudite  of  musical  critics,  has  effec- 
tually refuted  this  statement,  though  it  may 
have  been  true  concerning  the  late  John 
Ella's  Musical  Union,  a  group  of  small 
pianoforte  pieces  being,  as  a  rule, 
placed  at  the  end  of  the  programmes.  At 
first  the  stranger's  pathway  was  hard,  but 
gradually  Halle  made  his  way,  and  his 
account  of  his  first  experiences  in  Man- 
chester, and  the  state  of  music  in  the  centre 
of  the  cotton  industry  when  he  went  there, 
is  very  amusing.  Eventually,  in  1858,  the 
celebrated  orchestral  concerts  were  started, 
and  though  the  outcome  at  first  was  very  dis- 
couraging, appreciation  gradually  increased, 
and  the  Halle  orchestra  came  into  request 
all  over  the  country,  except  in  London, 
where  efforts  to  establish  it  in  favour  did  not 
win  the  success  they  deserved.  This  may  have 
been  partly  because  the  conductor's  beat, 
though  by  no  means  wanting  in  vigour, 
was  too  firm  and  rigid,  so  that  his 
perfectly  drilled  force  gave  the  listener 
the  idea  of  military  precision  rather  than 
of  individual  force  and  energy.  His  en- 
deavours to  popularize  Beethoven's  sonatas 
met  with  no  want  of  encouragement.  Not 
only  were  recitals  of  the  entire  series  given 
year  after  year,  first  at  the  Hanover  Square 
Rooms,  and  subsequently  at  St.  James's 
Hall,  but  he  issued  an  edition  of  these 
immortal  works  superior  in  note  accuracy 
and  fingering  to  any  that  had  previously 
appeared  in  England,  and  his  chambor  con- 
certs were  also  of  the  highest  value  from  an 
educational  point  of  view.  Earnest  as  ho 
was  in  the  interest  of  what  he  thought  was 
right  in  musical  art,  ho  was  wonderfully 
genial  as  a  man,  abundant  testimony  as  to 
this  being  afforded  in  the  present  volume. 

Mr.  Charles  E.  Hallo  speaks  lovingly  of 
his  father's  enormous  capacity  for  work,  bia 


fondness  for  animals,  his  religion  as  a 
Roman  Catholic,  and  his  political  opinions  as 
a  staunch  Conservative,  though  he  had  a 
fixed  repugnance  for  the  polling  booth, 
which  he  associated  with  the  jury  box,  to 
which  he  was,  fortunately,  summoned  but 
once  in  his  life.  He  was  wont,  nevertheless, 
to  say — of  course  in  jest — that  nothing 
would  please  him  better  than  to  be  im- 
prisoned as  a  first-class  misdemeanant  with 
a  quantity  of  books  which  he  never  could 
find  time  to  study  while  at  large,  and  with 
access  to  a  piano.  More  than  two  hundred 
pages  are  occupied  by  the  letters,  which  are 
excellent  reading,  though  they  do  not  in- 
clude the  correspondence  with  Lady  Halle, 
as  this  is  to  form  the  subject  of  a  second 
volume. 


THE   INCORPORATED    SOCIETY    OF    MUSICIANS. 

The  Twelfth  Annual  Conference  of  this 
Association,  which  seems  to  be  steadily  growing 
in  influence  for  good  in  the  art,  was  held  at 
Cardiff  during  the  past  week,  in  the  Park  Hall. 
At  the  first  meeting  on  Tuesday  the  secretary, 
Mr.  E.  Chadfield,  read  the  report,  which  showed 
that  the  membership  had  undergone  a  steady 
increase,  and  that  the  income  was  considerably  in 
excess  of  the  expenditure.  Mr.  W.  H.  Cummings 
read  a  thoughtfully  written  paper  on  '  Musicial 
Ethics.'  He  contended  that  teachers  should,  if 
possible,  confine  themselves  to  one  speciality, 
though  in  rural  districts  this  was,  of  course, 
not  always  possible.  He  earnestly  advised 
young  musicians  to  avoid  bogus  and  shady  in- 
stitutions, of  which  there  were  unhappily  too 
many,  and  not  to  pay  for  sham  titles  and  degrees, 
whether  of  home  or  foreign  manufacture.  Mr. 
Cummings  also  advocated  general  mental  and 
physical  culture,  as  tending  to  add  immensely 
to  the  value  of  a  man's  musical  work.  In  the 
afternoon  Mr.  John  Thomas,  the  well-known 
harpist,  read  a  paper  on  Welsh  music. 

On  Wednesday  morning  the  Conference  was 
continued,  Dr.  Bunnett,  of  Norwich,  reading  a 
paper  entitled  '  Reminiscences  of  Cathedral  Life 
during  the  Last  Half  Century.'  He  confined 
himself  to  Norwich.  Some  amusement  was 
occasioned  by  the  narration  of  the  various 
methods  by  which,  in  past  times,  boys  were 
made  to  open  their  mouths  when  singing.  Nuts 
were  placed  between  their  teeth,  but,  as  the 
boys  promptly  cracked  and  ate  them,  marbles 
were  substituted.  Spohr  was  so  delighted  with 
the  solo  singing  in  1839  that  he  began  to  applaud, 
but  soon  discovered  his  mistake.  Everything 
was  done  to  make  the  lads  good  solo  singers, 
and  their  general  education  was  sadly  neglected, 
which,  of  course,  is  not  so  at  the  present  time. 
Dr.  Bunnett  maintained  that  the  cathedral 
school  was  a  fine  training  for  a  young  musician, 
and  gave  many  examples.  Dr.  C.  W.  Pearce 
subsequently  read  a  paper  on  'Free  Counter- 
point.' Of  the  remainder  of  the  business  pro- 
ceedings we  must  speak  next  week. 


gjusiral  ^osstjr. 
As  already  announced,  the  triennial  Handel 
Festival  at  the  Crystal  Palace  this  year  will  he 
held  somewhat  earlier  in  June  than  usual, 
namely,  on  the  11th,  14th,  16th,  and  18th  of 
that  month.  The  principal  artists  engaged  are 
Mesdames  Albani,  Ella  Russell,  Clara  Samuel], 
Nordica,  Marian  McKenzie,  and  Clara  Butt, 
and  Messrs.  Lloyd,  Santley,  and  Andrew  Black. 

The  concerts  at  the  Queen's  Hall  on  Christ- 
mas Day  and  last  Sunday  afford  eloquent 
testimony  to  the  rapidly  growing  taste  of  the 
general  public  for  good  music.     'The  Messiah1 

attracted  a  very  large  audience  on  Christmas 
afternoon,  and  in  the  evening  there  was  a  fairly 
large  assemblage  at  the  concert  of  sacred  music. 
The  afternoon  concert  on  Saturday  partook  more 


26 


T  II  E     ATIIKN^UM 


N°.f}010,  Jan.  2,  '97 


of  the  nature  of  s  balled  programme,  l>ut  there 

wore  several  items  in  the  programme  OOt  mi- 
worthy  of  the  attention  <>f  musical  amateurs; 
and  the  evening  Promenade  Concert  was  of  the 
same  oharaotez  as   usual,   including   Wagner's 

overtures   to    '  Tannhauser '    and    'Die    Meister- 

singer';  Grieg's  'Peer  *  «yiit '  Suite,  No.  1; 
<  rounod's  '  I  lymne  a  St.  Cecils,1  for  violin,  harp, 
and  organ  ;  and  Liszt's  '  Hungarian  '  Rhapsody, 
No.  4.  Such  musical  entertainments,  given  at 
a  time  when  the  art  in  its  loftiest  phases  was 
formerly  allowed  to  rest,  may  be  regarded  as  a 
sign  of  the  times. 

Wi:  are  much  pleased  to  learn  that  the 
directors  of  the  Royal  Carl  Rosa  Opera  Com- 
pany have  arranged  with  Mr.  H.  T.  Brickwell 
to  give  a  short  season  of  grand  opera  at  the 
Garrick  Theatre,  commencing  on  Monday,  the 
18th  inst. 

The  programme  of  the  first  Popular  Concert 
of  this  year,  that  on  Monday  next,  includes 
Tschaikowsky's  very  fine  Pianoforte  Trio  in 
a  minor,  inscribed  "To  the  Memory  of  a 
Hero."  This  work,  which  is  rarely  performed, 
is  worthy  to  compare  with  the  Russian  com- 
poser's '  Symphonie  Pathetique.' 

Mr.  Marci's  Alfred  Smythsox,  for  many 
years  chorus-master  of  the  Italian  opera  under 
Sir  Michael  Costa,  both  at  Her  Majesty's  and 
Covent  Garden  Theatres,  died  on  Christmas 
Day,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-nine.  He  ful- 
filled similar  duties  under  the  Pyneand  Harrison 
management,  and  for  a  time  under  the  Carl 
Rosa  Company.  The  deceased  musician  was  well 
qualified  for  his  task,  and  was  generally  esteemed 
in  the  profession. 

The  Weimar  Goethe-Gesellschaft  has  just 
presented  a  handsome  Christmas  gift  to  its 
members  in  the  shape  of  a  publication  entitled 
'  Gedichte  von  Goethe  in  Compositionen  seiner 
Zeitgenossen.'  The  collection,  undertaken  at 
the  suggestion  of  Prof.  Erich  Schmidt,  is  pre- 
faced by  a  short  introduction  from  the  pen  of 
Hofrath  Dr.  Suphan,  editor  of  the  '  Schriften 
der  Goethe-Gesellschaft,'  and  the  musical  part 
has  been  edited  with  preface  and  notes  by  the 
musical  writer  Dr.  Max  Friedlaender.  The 
volume,  issued  with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  C. 
Ruland,  contains  the  compositions  of  Beet- 
hoven, Mozart,  Reichardt,  Schubert,  Zelter, 
&c,  and  ought  to  be  more  widely  known  than 
among  the  limited  circle  of  the  members  of  the 
Goethe  Society. 


Mon. 
Sat. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT  WEEK. 
Orchestral  Concert,  3.30,  Queen's  Hall 
National  Sunday  League,  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Queen  s  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7.30.  Queen's  Small 

Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  8.  St  James's  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  3.  St.  James's  Hall. 
Orchestral  Concert,  8,  St.  James's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Olympic. — '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  a  Mystery  Play  in 
Four  Acts.  Founded  on  John  Bunyan's  Immortal  Allegory. 
By  G.  O.  Collingham. 

Adki.phi.— '  All  that  Glitters  is  not  Gold';  'Black-Eyed 
Susan.' 

Mr.  Collingham  might  have  spared  John 
Bunyan  the  humiliation  of  having  his  name 
associated  with  the  operatic  and  spectacular 
burlesque  given  under  the  title  of  '  The 
Pilgrim's  Progress.'  No  worse  fault  is  to 
be  found  with  the  play,  apart  from  the 
title  assigned  to  it,  than  that  it  is  inept 
and  dull.  With  a  widely  different  inter- 
pretation it  might  even  have  passed  muster, 
since  it  is  no  whit  sillier  than  a  score 
pieces  which,  have  done  much  of  late  to  fill 
managerial  pockets.  In  spite,  however,  of 
the  ecclesiastical  incense  in  which  a  not 
widely  dissimilar  production  has  recently 
been  steeped,  it  is  a  mistake  to  blend  re- 
ligious symbolism  with  terpsichorean  revels. 


Especially  unfair  and  disloyal  is  it  to  couple 

the  name  of  one  of  the  most  zealous  ot 

Puritans  with  a  species  of  entertainment 
that,  he  would  have  regarded  with  horror 
and  dismay.  What  greater  abomination 
could  Banyan  have  conceived  than  to  see 
his  own  allegorical  personages  masquerad- 
ing with  painted  faces  upon  a  booth  at 
Vanity  Fair  P  This  species  of  outrage  (for 
as  such  Bunyan  must  have  counted  it;  is  the 
more  regrettable  since  it  is  purely  gratuitous 
and  superfluous.  Except  that  the  names  of 
Bunj-an's  characters  are  preserved  there 
is  really  nothing  of  Bunyan  in  the  piece. 
With  a  view  possibly  of  placating  the  cen- 
sure, religious  phraseology  is  avoided,  and 
except  the  wearing  by  Christian  of  a  red 
cross  such  as  might  be  assigned  a  Crusader 
or  a  nurse,  there  is  nothing  to  tell  that  the 
pilgrimage  undertaken  is  from  the  City  of 
Destruction  to  the  Celestial  City.  With 
much  more  verisimilitude  might  the  whole 
be  treated  as  a  recovered  episode  of  the 
'  Morte  d' Arthur.'  Bunyan's  hero  is  a 
man  such  as  himself,  of  homely  condition, 
oppressed  with  the  burden  of  sin  and  flying 
from  the  wrath  to  come.  In  place  of  the 
City  of  Destruction  we  have  now  the  Castle 
Joyous,  in  which  Christian  is  a  prince 
ostentatious  and  lavish.  No  burden  of 
transgression  rests  on  his  shoulders.  He 
starts  in  rich  armour  to  go  on  what,  though 
beset  with  dangers,  is  a  pleasure  trip ;  and 
while  leaving  behind  him  a  mistress  fair 
and  princely,  he  indulges  in  all  sorts  of 
vulgar  orgies.  No  sooner  does  Apollyon  pre- 
sent himself  than  he  is  willing  to  take  service 
with  him,  and  the  fiend  has  to  be  indis- 
creetly confidential  concerning  his  occu- 
pations and  designs  to  prevent  him  from 
becoming  his  lieutenant.  The  sorceries  of 
Melusina  ensnare  at  once  his  senses.  The 
wine-cup  is  drained  so  soon  as  it  is  offered, 
and  the  painted  Jezebels  of  Vanity  Fair  find 
him  a  willing  captive.  He  is,  indeed,  as 
Byron  said  of  himself, 

as  helpless  as  the  devil  can  wish, 

And  not  a  whit  more  difficult  to  damn 
Than  is  to  bring  to  land  a  late-hooked  fish. 

This  may  do  for  Binaldo  in  the  garden  of 
Armida,  but  to  present  him  as  Bunyan's 
Christian  is  an  insult  to  common  sense  as 
well  as  literature.  That  Mr.  Collingham 
has  been  cramped  in  his  effort  by  the  fear 
of  employing  Biblical  language  is  conceiv- 
able enough.  He  had  better  have  left  alone 
a  theme  necessarily  and  obviously  intract- 
able and  employed  his  machinery  to  illus- 
trate some  tale  of  fairy  damsels  and  knights 
of  Logres  or  of  Lyonesso.  His  subordinate 
characters  are  of  no  more  vitality.  Death 
is  introduced  to  do  nothing  whatever  but 
confront  for  a  moment  Apollyon,  or  tell 
those  he  meets  that  he  has  no  immediate 
occasion  for  them.  Malignity,  a  species  of 
witch,  comes  on  for  the  purpose  of  scold- 
ing the  robbers  of  the  highway,  armed 
with  clubs,  to  pilfer  cheese  from  a  wench's 
market-basket.  Nothing  whatever  that  is 
done  has  either  interest  or  significance,  and 
the  whole  is  a  simple  spectacle  with  pleas- 
ing music  and  lovely  dresses  symbolical  of 
nothing  at  all.  Miss  Grace  Hawthorne,  who 
played  Christian,  mistook  her  powers.  She 
smiled  affably  at  the  personages,  human, 
celestial,  or  diabolical,  with  whom  she  came 
into  contact,  and  was  "  as  meek  and  patient 
as    a   gentle   stream."     Mr.   Abingdon   as- 


iome  character  to  Apollyon,  and 
Ms  Laura  Johnson  declaimed  with  pas- 
sionate v  hemenoe  as  Malignity.  The  whole, 
however,  claims  little  credit  except  as  a 
pageant. 

On  being  once  more  dragged  to  light  '  All 
that  Glitters  is  not  Gold,'  by  the  Mortons, 
proves  to  be  entirely  out  of  date.  The  same 
cannot  quite  be  said  of  Jerrold's  nautical 
drama,  now  compressed  into  two  acts.  It 
has  a  certain  breeziness  and  vivacity.  The 
acting  of  Mr.  Terriss  as  William  commended 
it  to  the  public.  It  obtained,  however,  little 
more  than  a  success  of  curiosity,  and  is  not 
likely  long  to  uphold  the  fortunes  of  the 
Adelphi. 

SQramaiic  (gossip. 

The  Drury  Lane  pantomime  of  '  Aladdin :  is  very 
pretty,  has  some  delightful  effects,  and  is  quite 
free  from  vulgarity.  It  will  shortly  be  humorous, 
but  was  not  so  at  the  outset.  Miss  Ada  Blanche 
as  Aladdin,  Miss  Decima  Moore  as  the  Princess, 
Mr.  Dan  Leno  as  Mrs.  Twankay,  and  Mr. 
Herbert  Campbell  as  Abanazar  had  the  most 
prominent  parts.  Some  conjuring  performances 
by  M.  Cinquevalli  were  quite  marvellous.  An 
aerial  troupe  constituted  a  very  attractive  feature. 
In  a  day  or  two  the  entertainment  will  probably 
repay  a  visit. 

The  improvement  in  the  condition  of  Sir 
Henry  Irving  reported  from  the  outset  is 
maintained,  but  no  date  for  the  actor's  re- 
appearance is  announced. 

'Cymbeline'  was  revived  on  Saturday  last 
at  the  Lyceum,  with  Miss  Julia  Arthur  as 
Imogen,  Mr.  Frank  Cooper  as  Posthumus, 
Mr.  H.  Cooper  Cliffe  as  Iachimo,  and  Miss 
Genevieve  Ward  as  the  Queen. 

'  The  Key  to  King  Solomon's  Riches 
(Limited),'  produced  on  Christmas  Eve  at  the 
Opera  Comique,  is  a  melodrama  of  the  most 
conventional  and  commonplace  kind,  to  which 
some  scenes  in  Matabeleland  fail  to  assign  any 
novelty  or  significance.  Miss  Abbey  St.  Ruth, 
the  author,  took  part  in  an  interpretation  no- 
wise more  remarkable  than  the  piece. 

On  Tuesday  'Betsy,'  Mr.  Burnand's  adapta- 
tion of  '  BebeV  by  MM.  Hennequin  and  de 
Najac,  first  produced  at  the  Criterion  in  August, 
1879,  was  revived  at  the  same  house,  with  Miss 
Annie  Hughes  in  place  of  Miss  Lottie  Venne  as 
the  seductive  heroine.  Mr.  Welch  is  now  the 
tutor. 

'Love  in  Idleness,'  originally  given  a  few 
weeks  ago  at  Terry's  Theatre,  has  now  been 
revived  as  an  afternoon  entertainment  at  the 
same  house,  with  Mr.  Terry  in  his  original  part 
of  Mortimer  Pendlebury,  and  with  Mr.  Far- 
quhar,  Mr.  Sydney  Brough,  Mr.  De  Lange, 
Miss  Beatrice  Ferrar,  and  Miss  Bella  Pateman 
still  in  the  cast. 

With  this  piece  is  given  '  Holly  Tree  Inn,'  an 
adaptation  by  Mrs.  Oscar  Beringer  of  Dickens's 
tale.  The  version  is  cleverly  made,  and  though 
the  proceedings  of  the  juvenile  lovers  who 
parody  the  ways  of  their  elders  and  elope 
to  Gretna  Green  with  their  pockets  stuffed 
with  lollipops  inspire  no  great  measure  of  ad- 
miration or  conviction,  the  whole  goes  with 
spirit,  and  constitutes  an  acceptable  holiday 
entertainment.  Miss  Beatrice  Ferrar,  Mr. 
Sydney  Brough,  and  Mr.  George  Belmore  take 
part  in  the  performance.  The  action  is  placed 
in  the  year  1820,  and  the  costume  of  the  time 
adds  to  the  attractions  of  the  play. 

A  new  comedy,  in  which  Mr.  Charles  Collette 
will  reappear  in  London,  is  promised  for  the 
18th  inst.  at  the  Strand  Theatre. 


To  Correspondents.—  F.  D.— J.  H.— P.  D.— E.  H 
L.  S.— T.  0.— H.  C.  B  —  K.  D.  O.— received. 
No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications 


B.- 


N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


27 


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The    EXECUTION    of 

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CHARLES     I.  : 
By  C.  H.  Firih. 


The  HOUSE  of  COMMONS. 

Birrell,  Q.C.,  M.P. 
The  LAGOON.     Bv  Joseph  Conrad. 
CONCERNING  TEA.    Bv  E.  V.  Lucas 
FAMOUS  TRIALS:  The  Road  Mystery. 

J.  B.  Atlay. 
"NEVER  the  LOTOS  CLOSES."    By  E.  and 

H    Heron. 
The  GREAT  GAME  of  CANADA. 
The  MAKING  of  a  "PARADISE."    By  C.  J.  !         Phillips-Wolley. 

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PARADISE."    By  C.  J. 


By  Augustine 


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PREHISTORIC  MAN  and  BEAST. 

Py  the  Rev.  H.  N.  HUTCHINSON,  Author  of 
'  Extinct  Monsters,'  '  Creatures  of  Other  Days  ' 
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The    MAMELUKE    or    SLAVE 

DYNASTY  of  EGYPT,  1260-1517  a.  d  By  Sir 
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The   GAMEKEEPER  at  HOME. 

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A  SHORT  HISTORY  of  the  RE- 

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THE     DICTIONARY     OF    NATIONAL    BIOGRAPHY. 

Edited  by  SIDNEY  LEE. 


Forty-nine  Volumes,  comprising  ABBADIE-RUSSELL  have  been  published, 
NOTE.—  A  full  Prospectus  of  •  The   Dictionary  of  National 


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W.  M.  THACKERAY'S  WORKS. 

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1    VANITY  PAIR. 

3.  The  HISTORY  of  PENDENNIS. 

3.  The  VIRGINIANS. 

I.  ESMOND  and  BARRY  LYNDON. 

5.  The  VIRGINIANS. 

6.  The  ADVENTURES  of  PHILIP,  to  which  is  pre- 

fixed A  Shabby  Genteel  Story. 
t.   PARIS,    IRISH      and    EASTERN    SKETCHES   — 
Parte  Sketch-Book  ;  Irish  Sketch-Book  ;  Cornhill 
to  Cairo. 

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The  Be  Iford  Row  Conspiracy  ;  A  Little  Dinner 
at  Timmins's. 

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IS.  MISCELLANEOUS  ESSAYS;    Sketches  and  Re- 
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Maria  Perrone,  Murderess 

and  Saint.  S.  R.  Crockett. 

Literary  Recollections.  II. 

Rt.  Hon.  F.  Max  Muller. 

The  Mountains  of  South 

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Aether  R  Walkley. 

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Henrik  Ibsen  en  France. 

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Die  Geschichte  vom  kleinen 

Eit  Theodor  Fontane, 

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VOin  3  November,  1896.     L.  Bamberger. 

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'•  Has,  we  are  glad  to  see.  reached  an  eighth  edition,  which  enables 
this  excellent  introduction  to  the  facts  of  astronomy  to  be  brought  up 
to  date  ' — Guardian. 

Edward  Stanford,  26  and  27,  Cockspur-street,  Charing  Cross,  S  \Y. 

Fourth  Edition,  price  Sixpence,  cloth, 

REMARKABLE    COMETS  :    a    Brief  Survey  of 
the  most  interesting  Facts  in  the  History  olCometary  Astronomy. 
lly  W.  T.  LYNN.  Ji  A    F  K  AS. 
"  Well  adapted  to  accomplish  their  purpose  " 

Dr.  li   A.  Gui  lij,  Editor  of  the  Astronomical  Journal. 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    BENJAMIN     DISRAELI, 

EARL  OF  BEACONSFIELD,  1S20  to  1-    _ 
"MOTES  and  QUERIES  for  April  29th,  May  13lh, 

-Li      27th,  JUNE  10th   2(th  and  Jl'I.Y'  Bth,189S  contains  a  lilBLIu- 
GRAPHY  of  the  EARL  of  BEACONRFIBLU     This  Includes  KEYS  to 
•  Y1YIAN   GREY.      CON1NGSHY,      LOTH  AIR  '  and  •  EN  DYMluN 
Price  of  the  Six  Numbers,  Is, ;  or  free  by  p09t,  2s.  3d. 
John  0.  Francis,  Notts  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's-buildings,  Chancery- 
lane.  E  C. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY     OF     THE 
RIGHT  HON.  \V.   E.  GLADSTONE. 

NOTES  and  QUERIES  for  DbCBMBBB   10th  and 
2ith,  1892,  and  JANUARY  7th  and  21st.  1S:i3,  contains  a  BIBLIO- 
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It  is  an  entirely  new  departure  in  Type-writer  mechanism. 
The  root  idea  in  its  construction  is  simplicity;  in  place  of 
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simplicity  we  have  a  machine  which  is 

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N°3610,  Jan.  2,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


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Is.  Gd.  JANUARY,  1897.  Is.  (Id. 

LEO  XIII.    The  Vicomte  E.  Melchior  de  Vogiie\ 

MIDDLE  GROUND  on  the  TARIFF.    O.  D.  Ashley. 

HOW  SHALL  the  CHILD  BE  TAUGHT? 

II.  The  Essentials  in  Elementary  Education.    Dr  J   M.  Rice. 

MO!,'fi?,L,COM,,'OSEKR   in  ,he    LIGHT  of  CONTEMPORARY  CRI- 
IICISM.    Alexander  Moszkowski. 

PRESIDENTIAL     ELECTIONS     PARALYZING    to    BUSINESS-     a 
Remedy.    Hon  Alonzo  B  Cornell. 

The  WANTON  DESTRUCTION  ol  AMERICAN  PROPERTY  in  CUB\ 
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TWO  NOTABLE  NEW  BOOKS  :— 

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AMERICAN  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  WORK  in  GREECE.    J.  Gennadius. 
The  PHILOSOPHY  of  MELIORISM.    Junius  Henri  Browne. 
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and  lennjson— "  Yade  '— Coincidence. 

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7^},  ;)ant,ed,  lhe  Giaour '-Saxon  Pedigree-Robin  and  Dead 
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of  Christmas  — Christmas  — Yule  in  York  — Morris  Dance-City 
lheatres  — Nathanael  — Duke  of  York's  Theatre-"  Resnlend  "— 
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—Longevity— Lady  A.  Carpenter- O'Biian  and  Rickttson-Song— 
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OCIETY    of    AUTHORS     (INCORPORATED). 


President-Mr.  GEORGE  MEREDITH. 
FIRST  LIST. 
The  ANNUAL  DINNER  of  the  Society  will  take  place  on 
WEDNESDAY,  February  10.  in  the  THRONE-ROOM  of  the  HOLBORN 
RESTAURANT,  at  7  for  7  30  p.m.  The  Chair  will  be  taken  by  the 
Right  Hon  Sir  JOHN  LUBBOCK,  M.P  F.R.S.  The  following  Members 
of  the  Society  have  accepted  the  post  of  Steward  of  the  Dinner  :  — 


The  Rev.  E.  A.  Abbott,  D.D. 

Grant  Allen. 

Herbert  W.  Allingham,  F.R.C.S. 

William  Archer. 

Sir  Edwin  Arnold,  K.C.I. E.,  &c. 

A.  VV.  a  Beckett. 

F.  E  Beddard.  F.R.8. 

The  Rev.  Canon  Bell,  D.D. 

O.  F  Moberley  Bell. 

Sir  Henry  Bergne,  K.C.M.G. 

Mrs.  Oscar  Bennger. 

Sir  Walter  Besant. 

The    Rev.    Prof.    T.    G.    Bonney, 

F.R.8..&C. 
Oscar  Browning. 
Lady  Colin  Campbell. 


The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Canter-     W.  E.  H.  Lecky 


B.  L.  Farjeon. 

Prof.  Michael  Foster,  F.R.S.  D.Sc. 

Lady  Violet  Greville. 

Richard  Garnett,  C.B.  LID. 

George  Gissing. 

"  Sarah  Grand." 

John  Hollingshead. 

H.  Rider  Haggard. 

Thomas  Hardy. 

"  John  Oliver  Hobbes." 

Anthony  Hope  Hawkins. 

Jerome  K  Jerome. 

The  Rev.  Prebendary  Harry  Jones. 

Mrs  Edward  Kennard. 

Prof.  E.  Ray  Lankester. 

Mrs.  E.  Lynn  Linton. 


bury. 

Rosa  Nouchette  Carey. 
Egerton  Castle.  F  S.A. 
Miss  cholmondeley. 
I\  W.  Clayden. 
Edward  Clodd 
W  Morris  oolles. 
The  Hon  John  Collier. 
Sir  W.  Martin  Conway. 
The  Hon  George  Curzon,  M.P. 
8.  R.  Crockett. 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Desart. 
Sir  George  Douglas,  Bart. 
Prof  E.  Dowden. 


Lady  William  Lennox. 

The  Rev.  w.  J.  Lottie. 

J.  M.  Lely. 

L  T  Meade 

Florence  Marryat. 

Justin  McCarthy,  MP. 

Prof  J.  M.  D  Meiklejohn. 

1  he  Rev.  O.  H.  Middleton-Wake. 

Phil  May. 

George  Meredith. 

Henry  Norman. 

The  Rt.  Hon  Lord  Pirbright,  PC. 

Prof.  J.  Burdon  Sanderson. 

Sir  Henry  Thompson,  F.R  C.S. 


OXFORD  B.A.,  Honours,  held  College  Exhibi- 
tions and  University  Scholarships,  Prizeman,  seek9  APPOINT- 
MENT where  Semitic  Languages  would  be  useful,  at  Home  or  Abroad. 
— Address  Ai.eph,  care  of  Messrs.  Short  &  Mason,  40,  Hatton-garden,  E.C. 

EXPERIENCED  GRADUATE  in  Classical 
Honours,  thorough  Modern  Linguist,  connected  with  London 
Educational  Institute  since  1884,  DESIRES  congenial  OCCUPATION : 
Literary,  Secretarial,  Tutorial. — B.,  45,  Loughborough-park,  S.W. 

GENTLEMAN  (30)  wants  SECRETARIAL  or 
other  WORK.  Expert  Stenographer  and  Typist.  Good  know- 
ledge of  Literature,  &c.  Fair  German  and  French.  Many  years' 
experience— X,  23,  Balfour-road,  Highbury,  N. 

TO  AUTHORS  and  PUBLISHERS.— MSS. 
REVISED  for  the  PRESS  by  a  PRACTICAL  PRINTER,  PROOF- 
READER, and  JOURNALIST.  Special  attention  to  Spelling.  Under- 
stands French. — Address  Press  B.,  Vernon's  Library,  Lamb's  Conduit- 
street,  W.C. 

rrO    PUBLISHERS.— A   well-known   Firm,  with 

J.  an  experienced  Traveller,  would  like  to  hear  from  a  good  house 
desirous  of  having  their  BOOKS  SHOWN  ON  COMMISSION.— Please 
address  E.  D.,  17,  Bramertonstreet,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

GENEALOGY  and  HERALDRY.— WANTED,  a 
competent  WRITER  to  EDIT  a  WORK  on  the  above  subjects  — 
Apply,  by  letter,  stating  qualifications,  to  B.  C  ,  care  of  Street  &  Co 
30,  Cornhill,  E.C. 

ANTED,    LIBRARIAN    for    the    BARRY 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY  —  Previous  experience  indispensable. 
Salary  90/.  Applications  must  be  sent  in  on  or  before  ^6th  inst  —Apply 
by  letter  stating  age  and  experience,  to  D.  W.  Roberts,  Esq  ,  Public 
Library,  Holton-road,  Barry. 

/  nVIL  SERVICE   COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

V7     Examination —JUNIOR  ASSISTANT    in    the    ART  BRANCH  Of 

the  SOUTH    KEN8INGTON    MUSEUM   (18-25),    JANUARY    28  —The 

peclfled  is  the  latest  at  which  applications  can  be  received.    They 

Ijo  made  on  forms  to   be  obtained,  with  particulars,  from  the 

miv,  civil  service  Commission,  London,  S.W. 


w 


M 


ERTHYR    TYDFIL     COUNTY     SCHOOL. 


WANTED,  in  JANUARY,  an  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS     Salary  120( 
Application,  stating  experience,  &c  ,  and  one  copy  of  testimonials  to 
be  sent  before  13th  inst.  to 

CHARLES  OWEN,  M  A.,  Head  Master. 


C 


AMBRIDGE    TRAINING    COLLEGE    for 

WOMEN  TEACHERS. 

The  Council  are  about  to  appoint  TWO  LECTURERS      (1)  SENIOR 

i    !  H      Residence  and  120(.  a  year.      (2)  JUNIOR  LECTURER 

Residence  and  901    a  year      The  Lecturers  muit  have  Degrees  (or  an 

ate  of  some  University),  ami   one   or   Umtii    ;i  com 

HI  knowledge  of  some  branch  of  Natural  Science     They  must  enter 

on  their  duties  in  SEPTEMBER,  1897 -Application  should  be  made  by 

1  BBRUARY  15th,  1MI7,  to  the  Phini.ii-ai.,  from  whom  the  particular's 

can  be  obtained. 


u 


PRIFYSGOL  CYMRTJ. 

NIVERSITY      of 


WALES. 


GILCHRIST  TRAVELLING  STUDENTSHIP  FOR  TEACHERS. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN,  that  in  JUNE,  1897,  the  University 
Court  will  proceed  to  the  ELECTION  of  a  GILCHRIST  TRAVELLING 
STUDENT. 

The  Studentship  is  of  the  gross  value  of  SOI  ,  and  is  open  to  Graduates 
of  the  University  and  to  former  Students  of  its  Constituent  Colleges, 
being  Graduates  of  Universities  in  the  United  Kingdom,  who  have 
been  engaged  for  two  years  in  Teaching  in  Public  Secondary  or  Ele- 
mentary Schools,  and  at  the  time  of  election  hold  appointments  in 
Public  Schools  in  Wales. 

The  condition  of  holding  the  Studentship  is  the  investigation  during 
not  less  than  three  months  of  an  educational  problem  proposed  or 
approved  by  the  University,  and  the  Candidate  will  be  elected  who,  in 
the  judgment  of  the  University,  is  most  highly  qualified  by  academic 
attainments  and  professional  standing  to  carry  out  the  purpose  of  the 
endowment. 

Further  particulars,  and  a  list  of  the  problems  proposed  by  the  Uni- 
versity, may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

IVOR  JAMES,  Registrar. 

Town  Hall  Chambers,  Newport,  Mon., 
December  28, 1896. 

ri^YPE-WRITING.— MSSM  Scientific,  and  of  all 

JL  Descriptions,  Copied.  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care. 
Dictation  Rooms  (Shorthand  or  Type-writing).  Usual  terms. — Misses 
E.  B.  &  I.  Farran,  Hastings  House.  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  London 
(for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

TYPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.   per  folio 
of  72  words     References  to  Authors. — Miss  Gladding,  23,  Lans- 
downe-gardens,  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

TYPE-WRITING.— Over  5,000  words  Is.  per  1,000. 
Special  terms  for  larger  quantities  MSS.  carefully  Revised. 
Testimonials,  Reports,  &o .,  duplicated.  Translations—  E.  Graham, 
Surrey  Chambers,  172.  Strand,  WO. 

TYPE- WRITING.— 1*.  per  1,000  words.  Large 
quantities  by  arrangement  Examination  Questions  Reduplicated. 
Dramatic  Work  advised  upon  (and  arranged)  by  experienced  S.M.— 
Fadcit  Darlison,  88,  Iverson-road,  West  Hampstead,  N.W. 

TYPE -WRITING.— MS.  copied  promptly  and 
accurately.     lOd.   per  1,000  words.     References  and  Samples.— 
Address  Miss  M.,  18,  Mortimer-crescent,  N.W. 


SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.— Confidential  Secre- 
tary, Miss  PETHERBRIDGE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  staff  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 
graphers, and  Typists.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters. 
Literary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU,  9.  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indexers     Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

nPYPE-WRITERS    and   CYCLES.— The   standard 

JL  makes  at  half  the  usual  prices.  Machines  lent  on  hire,  also  Bought 
and  Exchanged.  Sundries  and  Repairs  to  all  Machines.  Terms,  cash 
or  instalments.  MS.  copied  from  10<f  per  1,000  nords.— N.  Taylor, 
Manager,  National  Type-Writer  Exchange  Co.,  74,  Chancery-lane, 
London.  Established  1884.  Telephone  6690.  Telegrams,  Glossator, 
London." 

T'HE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.     Established  1879. 

JL  Proprietor.  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGHES,  1,  Paternoster-row.  The 
interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Proposed  Agreements, 
Estimates,  and  Accounts  examined  on  behalf  of  Authors.  MSS  placed 
with  Publishers.  Transfers  carefully  conducted.  Thirty  years'  practical 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Publishing  and  Book  Producing.  Consultation 
free  —Terms  and  testimonials  from  Leading  Authors  on  application  to 
Mr  A.  M  Borohes,  Authors'  Agent,  1,  Paternoster-row. 


AUTHORS  should  write  for  Prospectus  of  the 
LITERARY  AGENCY,  which  offers  special  facilities  for  Publish- 
ing the  Works  of  New  Authors  Conducted  by  Mr  A.  R.  Leash,  late 
Manager  of  Tower  Publishing  Co.,  St.  Paul's  Chambers,  19,  Ludgale- 
hill,  London,  EC. 

9,  Hart-street,  Bloomsbury,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Covent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench,  Triibner  &  Co  ,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  has 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBLISHER  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Books.    Address  as  above. 

MESSRS.       DIG  BY,       LONG      &      CO., 
PUBLISHERS, 
18,  Bouverie-street,  London,  E  C, 
Invite  AUTHORS  (Popular  or  otherwise)  to  submit  their  MSS.  (Fiction, 
Travel,  Poetry,  &c. )  for  prompt  consideration 

ryO     AUTHORS.  — The    ROXBURGHE    PRESS, 

JL  15,  Victoria-street,  Westminster,  nre  OPEN  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
in  all  Branches  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  a  view  to  Publish- 
ing in  Volume  Form     Every  facility  for  bringing  Works  before  the 

Trade,  the  Libraries,  and  the  Reading  Public.  Illustrated  Catalogue 
post  free  on  application. 

WILL  all  STUDENTS  and  ADMIRERS  of 
CHARLES  DICKENS'S  WORKS  kindly  send  their  Names  and 
Addresses  to  The  Mvnamr,  The  Roxburghe  Press,  15,  Victoria-street, 
Westminster? 

1)      ANDERSON    &    CO.,    Advertising  Agents, 

JLV.       14,  cockspi  1! -STREET,  CHARING  i  BOSS,  s  w. 

Insert  Advertisements  In  all  Papers,  Magazines,  &c  ,  at  the  lowest 
possible  prices  Special  terms  to  Institutions.  Schools,  Publishers, 
Manufacturers,  &c  ,  on  application. 


p     MITCHELL  fc  CO.,  Agents  for  the  Sale  and 

\jm  Purchase  of  Newspaper  Properties,  undertake  Valuations  for 
Probate  or  Purchase,  Investigations,  and  Audit  of  Accounts,  &c.  Card 
of  Terms  on  application. 

12  and  13,  Red  Lion  court,  Fleet  street,  B.C. 


FRANCE. —  The  ATHENiEUM  can  be 
obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMIENS.  ANTIBES,  BEAULIEU- SUR  -  MER.  BIARRITZ.  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.  CALAIS.  CANNES.  DIJON,  DUN- 
KIRK. HAVRE.  LILLE,  LYONS.  MARSEILLES.  MENTONE, 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS, 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoli,  Paris. 

EDITORS  in  SEARCH  of  good  FICTION  should 
write  for  J.  F.  SPRIGGS'S  LIST  of  OVER  ONE  HUNDRED 
WORKS  offered  for  SERIAL  PUBLICATION.  The  Authors  include 
the  most  Popular  Novelists  of  the  Day  — J.  F  Spriggs's  Newspaper 
Serial  Agency,  21,  Paternoster-square,  London,  E.C. 

FRANCE.— M.  LE  PASTEUR  JAUJARD  can 
RECEIVE  a  YOUNG  MAN  into  his  FAMILY  to  STUDY  FRENCH. 
Highly  recommended  by  Sir  Gerald  Fitzgerald  and  Edward  Pollock, 
Esq.— St.  Maixent,  Deux  Sevres. 

MISS  DREWRY'S  CLASS  for  the  CRITICAL 
STUDY  of  GREAT  WORKS  of  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  will 
RESUME  its  Meetings  in  JANUARY.  1897  MISS  DREWRY  will  give 
SIX  READINGS  in  ENGLISH  LITERATURE  during  the  coming 
Term.    Particulars  on  application. 

143,  King  Henrys-road,  South  Hampstead,  London,  N.W. 

MRS.     JOPLING'S     SCHOOL      of      ART, 
Logan-place,  Earl's-court,  W.,  and 
Water  End  Moor,  Hcmel  Hempstead,  Herts. 
For  particulars  apply  to  The    Secretary,  3,   Pembroke-road,  Ken- 
sington, W. 

pENTRAL   SCHOOL  of  FOREIGN  TONGUES. 

V7  —Psychological  Method—  Gouin  Series  perfected. —  MODERN 
and  CLASSIC  LANGUAGES.  Specimen  free.  Teachers  trained  and 
sent.  Children  at  New  School.  Bedford  Park,  W.— Apply  Howard 
House,  Arundel-street.  Strand  (Temple). 

MOUNT  VIEW,  HAMPSTEAD.  — The  NEXT 
TERM  will  BEGIN  on  THURSDAY.  January  21.  Reference 
kindly  allowed  to  Professor  Ruskin,  Brantwood,  Coniston;  Mrs.  Boyd 
Carpenter.  The  Palace,  hipon;  Professor  Carey  Foster,  18,  Daleham- 
gardens,  N.W. ;  and  others.— For  Prospectus  apply  to  Miss  Helen  E. 
Haines. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL.  —  An  EXAMINA- 
TION will  he  held  in  JANUARY,  1897,  TO  FILL  UP  not  less 
than  FOUR  QUEEN'S  SCHOLARSHIPS.— For  details  apply  to  Ths 
Head  Master,  Dean's-yard,  Westminster. 

CT,  PAUL'S  SCHOOL.— An  EXAMINATION  for 

O  filling  up  VACANCIES  on  the  FOUNDATION  will  be  held  on 
JANUARY*  12,  13,  14,  15,  and  18  next— For  information  apply  to  the 
Bursar,  St  Paul's  School,  West  Kensington,  W. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE.  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 
Principal— Miss  EMILY  PENROSE. 
SESSION  1896-7. 
The  LENT  TERM  will  BEGIN  on  THURSDAY.  January  14. 

LUCY  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorarj  Secretary. 

I)EDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 

JL)  York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 

DEPARTMENT  for  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING  in  TEACHING. 

(Recognized  by  the  Cambridge  Syndicate.) 

Head  of  the  Department-Miss  VIVIAN  THOMAS   B.A. 

Miss  HANNAH  ROBERTSON,  B.A. 

The  SESSION  1897  BEGINS  on  JANUARY  18. 

The  Course  includes  full  preparation  for  the  Examinations  for  the 
Teaching  Diplomas  granted  by  the  Universities  of  London  and  of  Cam- 
bridge held  annually  in  December  —Full  particulars  on  application  to 
Miss  Vivian  Thomas,  at  the  College. 

LUCY'  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 


ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  (a  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  ifor  Boys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad  —A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  R  J.  Heevor,  MA,  8,  Lancaster-place, 
Strand,  London,  W.C. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill,  Staines  —The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies  About 
4ii  students  will  be' admitted  In  September.  1897  The  secretary  of 
Btate  «'ii  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  a<  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department.— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretly,  at  the  College. 


QI-.t.lICIQUCS. 
Now  ready, 

pATALOGUE  of  FRENCH  ROOKS,  at  grcatlv 
\'  reduced  prices  l  PHILOSOPHY  n  RELIGION  LtI.HU- 
t,ik\      l\     POETRY,  DRAMA,  MUSIC     V.  BEAUX-ARTS 

Dl'LM     .*   CO    B7,  Soho  square,  London,  W. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  19)  now  ready.  Choice 
EngravlngR,  Drawings  and  Hooks— Constables  English  I. and 
scape  turner's  I.I  hoi  Studlorum  Drawing*  hv  Turner.  1'rout.  Hunt 
Column  fte  Works  by  Professor  Ruskin.  Post  lice.  Six  pence— W*. 
\s    i  i.  •  ■,  i  iitik  ii  terrace  Richmond,  Surrey, 


:;i 


THE     AT  II  KXJEUM 


N°  3(511,  Jan.  9,  '97 


w 


I  L  L   I  A    II    B       Ac       NOUGAT   E, 

IMPOIU1.K-.  ill     1  "ihs 

14.  Henri,  ttamrrct  Ooreal  garden   I. on. Inn     H,  South  Frederick- 
street.  Edinburgh  .  and  1,  Broad  street,  Oxford, 
i  \  I  M.i  ii.  I  Bag  application 

ELLIS  Sc  E      L      V      E      Y, 

Dealer*  in  Old  and  Hare  Books,  Manuscripts,  and  Engravings. 

NEW    CATALOGUE    of    CHOICE    BOOKS    and 

MANUSCRIPTS  (Ko  M     pott  free,  sixpence. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of  HAKE  PORTRAITS   and 

PRINTS      No     i      Including    a    large    COLLECTION    of 

Ml  BICA1   roll  I  UA  I  IS.  pott  free.  I  lircepcnce. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of  RARE  BOOKS  on  MUSIC 

(No  '.';  In  preparation 

29,  New  Bond-street,  London,  W. 


M 


NKW  CATALOGUE  NOW  HEADY. 

ESSRS.     KARSLAKE    will    exhibit    in 


their 

window  next  week  ;i  Series  of  Original  Drawings  by  l'aul 
Hraddon  Illustrating  the  HAUNTS  or  DICKENS.  Sec  Article  in 
Academy.  Januarv  2,  ■'  A  New  Trade  renin'  " 

61.  CHARING  CROSS-ROAD.  W.C. 


NOW  READY, 

/CATALOGUE     VII.    RARE     and    VALUABLE 

VV  HOOKS  and  MANU8CBIPT8— Americana— Sports—  Hlock-liooks 
— I.iturgv— Portraits—  Mu-ic — Pine  Bindings— Illuminated  Manuscripts 
—  Earlv  Printed  Bonks,  ,V.c  Prorusclv  illustrated.  To  be  had  post  free 
on  application.— Jvui  1-  Hoslmiiai..  Karl  Str.  10,  Munich.  Havaria. 

CHEAP  BOOKS.— THREEPENCE  DISCOUNT 
in  the  SHILLING  allowed  from  the  published  price  of  nearly 
all  New  Hooks,  Bibles,  Prayer-Books,  and  Annual  Volumes.  Orders 
>>y  post  executed  by  return  CATALOGUES  of  New  Books  and  Re- 
minders gratis  and  postage  free— Gilbebt  &  Field,  67,  Moorgate- 
s'.reet,  London,  B.C. 

ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  BOOKS  speedily  pro- 
cured.  Acknowledged  thenio&t  expert  Bookflnderextant.  Please 
«tate  wants  to  Hiker's  Great  Bookshop,  Birmingham.— Books  Bought, 
Lent,  or  Exchanged. 

I^HE      AUTHOR'S      HAIRLESS      PAPER-PAD. 
(The  LEADENRALL  PRESS,  Ltd.,  50,  Leadenhall-street, 
London.  E.C. ) 
Contains    hairless   paper,  over  which   the   pen  slips  with   perfect 
rcedom.    Sixpence  each.    5s.  per  dozen,  ruled  or  plain. 

LONDON         LIBRARY, 
ST.  JAMESS-SQUARE.  8.W. 
Patron— H.R.H.  THE  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  K.G. 
President— LESLIE  STEPHEN,  Esq. 
Vice-Presidents— Rt.  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean 
of  Llandaff,  Herbert  Spencer,  Esq.,  Sir  Henry  Barkly.  K.C  B. 

Trustees— Right  Hon  Sir  M.  Grant  Duff, 
Right  Hon  Sir  John  Lubbock.  Bart.  MP.,  Right  Hon.  Earl  of  Rosebery. 
The  Library  contains  about  170,000  Volumes  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
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-,  vola— Nlcolas's  Orders  of  Knighthood.  4    vols -Cbetham    Sot 
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Novels    25  vols'-   Ku-kins  Painters,  I  vols.-Kelmscott  Press   1- 
23  vols'-  Browning  -  Poems   IS  vols.-Apperley>  John  Mvtton-Casa- 
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Viable    3  vol- -Architectural   and   other   Engravirgs-l  liotographs- 
_-c  stamps-Book  Platcs-Outsidc  Rellecting  Lamps  and  Mandards, 

To  be  viewed  and  Catalogues  had. 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


35 


FRIDA  Y  NEXT.— Important  Sale. 
A  Steele  of  costly  Microscopes  and  Apparatus  from  a  West-End 
Optician,  uho  is  relinquishing  that  department ;  also  about 
UO  Lots  of  valuible  Surveying  Instruments  by  leading  makers, 
the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased :  Cameras,  a 
number  of  expensive  Lenses  in  various  sizes,  Stands,  and  other 
Photographic  Apparatus ;  and  the  usual  Miscellaneous  Pro- 
perty. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION    at   his    Great    Rooms,    3S.    King -street.    Cnvent- 
garden,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  January  15,  at  half-past  l-'o'clock  precisely. 
On  Yiew  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 

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Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On  WEDNESDAY,  January  13,  OLD  ENGLISH 

MEZZOTINTS  and  COLOURED  ENGRAVINGS. 

On    THDESDAY,  January  14,    OLD  ENGLISH 

SILVER,  the  Property  of  the  late  CHARLES  HALL.  Esq  ;  and  Silver 
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On    FRIDAY,     January    15.    COLLECTION    of 

FAIENCE  of  the  late  Dr.  A    G    M EDWIN;   Old  French  Decorative 
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On  SATURDAY,  January  lf>,  the  COLLECTIONS 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  the  late  E.  ESCOMBE, 
Esq.,  and  others. 

The  Collection  of  Armour  and  Arms  of  Her r  ZSCH1LLE. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
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Series  of  Swords  from  the  Thirteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Century — 
■choice  examples  of  Heavy  Fighting  Swords,  Foining  Estocs,  Landsrecht 
Swords,  Rapiers,  and  Dress  Swords  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  including  an  Italian  Sword  of  the  early  part  of  the 
Sixteenth  Century,  chiselled  and  gilt  Bronze  Hilt,  and  engraved  Calendar 
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and  damascened  with  Gold  and  Silver— Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Century 
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with  engiaved  and  gilt  Blade  and  Cuir  Bouilli  Scabbard,  by  Ercolo  da 
Fideli— Helmets  from  the  Fifteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Centuries— Close 
Helmets  —  Salades  —  Tournament  Helmets— Engraved  and  Embossed 
Morions— an  Embossed  Casque  of  Classical  Form,  damascened  and 
plated  with  Gold  and  Silver  — Breast  Plates  of  various  periods— 
Gauntlets  and  Tilting  Pieces— Pavis— Shields  and  Rondache— Painted 
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Swords— and  Two  Hunting  Horns  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Centuries.  Most  of  the  preceding  objects  have  been  purchased  from 
the  Londesborough,  MeyricU,  De  Cosson,  Gimpel,  and  other  celebrated 
Collections.  The  whole" of  the  Collection  was  exhibited  at  the  Chicago 
Exhibition,  and  part  of  the  Collection  at  the  Imperial  Institute. 

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The  PAPAL  BULL.    By  Sydney  F.  Smith,  8.  J. 
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The  COMMERCIAL  EXPANSION  of  JAPAN.    By  H.  Tennant. 
ETHICS  and  LITERATURE.    By  Julia  Wedgwood. 
RECENT  DISCOVERIES  in  BABYLONIA.    By  A.  H.  Sayce. 
The  SOLDIER  and  his  MASTERS. 

•CHARITY  ORGANISATION  :  a  Reply.    By  H.  and  B.  Bosanquet. 
F.RYTHREA     liy  W.  L  Alden. 
B  U  l  ERIA  and  BUTTER.    By  G.  Clarke  Nuttall. 

The  SYREAN  MASSACRES :  a  Parallel  and  a  Contrast.    By  William 

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The  BURIAL  SERVICE     By  Professor  St  George  Mivart. 

The  VERDICT  on  the  BARRACK  SCHOOLS.     By  Mrs  S.  A.  Barnett. 

The  FRENCH  in  MADAGASCAR.    By  the  Rct.  F.  A.  Gregory. 

A  NOTE  on  the  ETHICS   of  LITERARY   FORGERY.     By  the  Hon 
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ON  SOME  DEVELOPMENTS  of  STATISTICAL  RESEARCH  and 
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T  H  E     A  T  II  E  N  M  U  M 


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THE     ATHEN^UM 


39 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY  9,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

Lord  Roberts's  Autobiography 

Facsimile  of  a  Scottish  Gospel  Book  

Mr.  Laurence  Housman's  Pofms  

A  History  of  Dumfries  and  Galloway        

The  Life  of  Thomas  Hutchinson         

New  Novels  (Cursed  by  a  Fortune ;  The  Juggler  and 
the  Soul ;  Dorothy  Lucas  ;  The  Gleaming  Dawn  ; 
A  Tale  of  the  Thames  ;  A  Mere  Pug) 44 

Fairy  Talks       

African  Philology    

American  Fiction       

Law-Books  

Dictionaries      

Our  Library  Table — List  of  New  Books     ...         47 

Indian  Problems;  The  Book  Salfs  of  1896;  Prof. 
Maspero's  '  Struggle  of  the  Nations';  Byron's 
Letters;  Mr.  Robert  Harrison;  The  Biblio- 
graphical Society        43- 

Literary  Gossip         

Science— Prof.  Pritchard  ;  Sir  Joseph  Banks's 
Journal;  Meetings  ;  Gossip 51 

Fink  Arts— Two  Pamphlets;  The  Royal  Academy  ; 
Peterborough  Cathedral  ;  Gossip  ...         53 

Music— The  Week;  Library  Table;  Gossip;  Per- 
formances Next  Week  55 

Drama— Gossip 


PAGE 

39 

40 
41 
42 
43 


—45 
45 
45 
46 
46 
47 
18 


LITERATURE 


Forty-one  Tears  in  India :  from  Subaltern  to 
Commander-in-Chief.  By  Field-Marshal 
Lord  Eoberts  of  Kandahar,  Y.O.,  G.C.B. 
2  vols.     (Bentley  &  Son.) 

(First  Notice  ) 

Lord  Roberts  forestalls  and  disarms  criti- 
cism by  expressing  a  hope  in  his  modest 
preface  that  those  who  care  to  read  a  plain 
unvarnished  tale  of  Indian  life  and  adven- 
ture will  bear  in  mind  that  the  writer  is  a 
soldier  and  a  man  of  action.  But  all  due 
deductions  being  made  for  minor  blemishes 
of  style  and  language,  he  has  written  a 
book  which  will  be  read  with  eager  interest 
if  Englishmen  still  care  for  military  exploits. 
The  campaigns  are  related  with  a  breadth 
and  clearness  which,  in  these  days  of  lengthy 
despatches  and  cloudy  writing,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  praise  too  highly.  It  would  also 
be  difficult  to  overstate  the  service  which 
the  author  renders  to  the  British  nation 
by  reminding  it  of  the  true  temper  and 
trustworthiness  of  one  of  its  greatest  weapons 
of  security,  the  army.  He  makes  his  readers 
realize  the  worth  of  that  portion  which  is 
recruited  in  India,  and  of  the  services  it 
has  rendered  the  empire.  He  brings  home 
to  them  the  Sepoy's  patient  endurance  of 
privation  and  fatigue  in  the  swamps  of 
Burma  and  the  snows  of  Afghanistan,  and 
the  steady  valour  displayed  in  many  a  hard- 
fought  contest ;  and  in  our  military  annals 
there  is  no  finer  tale  of  devotion  and  courage 
than  the  story  related  by  Lord  Eoberts  of 
the  native  officer  Subadar  Euttun  Sing,  who 
fell  mortally  wounded  on  the  glacis  at  Delhi. 
The  peculiar  charm  of  the  book  is  the  modest 
and  generous  spirit  which  like  a  golden 
thread  runs  through  it.  The  gallant  author 
is  more  anxious  to  refresh  the  memory  (to  use 
Burke's  phrase)  of  his  old  comrades  at  Delhi 
and  Lucknow  than  to  relate  his  own  adven- 
tures, and  he  is  liberal  in  the  credit  which 
ho  bestows  on  all  who  rendered  him  services 
w  hen  he  commanded  in  the  field.  The  perusal 
of  the  book  enables  the  public  to  realize 
the  chivalrous  devotion  of  tho  soldier  for 
"Bobs."  All  who  have  ever  served  under 
him  have  seen  that  ho  loves  soldiers,  that 
he  respects  them,  and  that  he  thinks  each  of 
them  capable  of  being  a  hero.     Tho  story 


of  his  life  should  be  studied  by  every  young 
soldier,  for  from  it  he  will  gather  that  the 
secret  of  Lord  Roberts's  success  is  to  be 
found  in  the  care  and  thoroughness  -with 
which  he  has  mastered  the  details  and  ful- 
filled the  duties  of  a  profession  for  which 
he  has  a  profound  love. 

On  the  18th  of  April,  1852,  Frederick 
Eoberts,  having  been  appointed  to  the 
Bengal  Artillery,  arrived  at  Calcutta  and 
found  the  headquarters  of  his  regiment 
at  Dum-Dum.  The  pestilential  climate  of 
Bengal  and  want  of  society  and  active  work 
speedily  affected  his  spirits,  and  young 
Eoberts  came  to  the  conclusion  that  he 
could  never  be  happy  in  India.  Promotion 
seemed  hopeless  :  "  I  was  a  supernumerary 
Second  Lieutenant,  and  nearly  every  officer 
in  the  list  of  the  Bengal  Artillery  had 
served  over  fifteen  years  as  a  subaltern. 
This  stagnation  extended  to  every  branch 
of  the  Indian  Army."  Eoberts  wrote  to  his 
father,  a  gallant  officer  who  had  commanded 
a  brigade  in  the  first  Afghan  war,  begging 
him  to  use  his  influence  to  get  him  sent  to 
Burma.  He  replied  that  he  expected  soon  to 
get  the  command  of  the  Peshawar  Division, 
and  that  he  would  then  like  his  son  to  join 
him.  Four  months  after  young  Eoberts 
got  his  marching  orders,  and  great  was  his 
joy.  "Indeed,  the  idea  that  I  was  about 
to  proceed  to  that  grand  field  of  soldierly 
activity,  the  North-  West  Frontier,  and  there 
join  my  father  almost  reconciled  me  to  the 
disappointment  of  losing  my  chance  of  field 
service  in  Burma."  Early  in  August  Eoberts 
left  Dum-Dum  for  Peshawar.  The  journe}7, 
which  now  can  be  done  in  three  days  by 
rail,  occupied  three  months.  As  far  as 
Benares  he  "  travelled  in  a  barge  towed  by 
a  steamer — a  performance  which  took  the 
best  part  of  a  month  to  accomplish."  From 
Benares  to  Meerut  was  done  in  a  dak-ghary, 
a  vehicle  now  as  extinct  as  the  dodo.  At 
Meerut  Eoberts  came  across  for  the  first 
time  the  far-famed  Bengal  Horse  Artillery. 

"It  certainly  was  a  splendid  service  ;  the 
men  were  the  pick  of  those  recruited  by  the 
East  India  Company,  they  were  of  magnificent 
physique,  and  their  uniform  was  singularly 
handsome.  The  jacket  was  much  the  same  as 
that  now  worn  by  the  Royal  Horse  Artillery, 
but  instead  of  the  busby  they  had  a  brass 
helmet  covered  in  front  with  leopard  skin, 
surmounted  by  a  long  red  plume  which  drooped 
over  the  back  like  that  of  a  French  Cuirassier. 
This,  with  white  buckskin  breeches  and  long 
boots,  completed  a  uniform  which  was  one  of 
the  most  picturesque  and  effective  I  have  ever 
seen  on  a  parade-ground." 

At  Meerut  tho  metalled  highway  ended, 
and  the  remainder  of  the  journey,  about 
six  hundred  miles,  was  done  in  a  palanquin. 
Early  in  November  Eoberts  reached  Pesha- 
war. Born  at  Cawnpore  and  leaving  India 
as  an  infant,  he  had  enjoyed  but  little  inter- 
course with  his  father,  and  they  met  almost 
as  strangers. 

"We  did  not,  however,  long  remain  so;  his 
affectionate  greeting  soon  put  an  end  to  any  feel- 
ing of  shyness  on  my  part,  and  the  genial  and 
kindly  spirit  which  enabled  him  to  enter  into 
and  sympathize  with  the  feelings  and  aspirations 
of  men  younger  than  himself  rendered  the  year 
I  spent  with  him  at  Peshawar  one  of  the  brightest 
and  happiest  oi  my  early  life." 

Tho  son  bears  testimony  that  from  his 
father  he  learned  much  about  Afghanistan 
and  the  best  mode  of  dealing  with  its 
people,    thus     gaining    information    which 


proved  invaluable  to  him  when,  twenty- 
five  years  later,  he  found  himself  in  com- 
mand of  an  army  in  that  country.  From 
his  arrival  at  Peshawar  until  the  autumn 
of  1853,  Eoberts  acted  as  aide-de-camp  to 
his  father,  while  at  the  same  time  he  did 
duty  with  the  artillery.  In  November  he 
got  the  much  coveted  jacket,  but  his  joy  was 
somewhat  lessened  by  the  fact  of  the  troop 
to  which  he  was  posted  being  stationed  at 
Umballa.  Life  on  the  frontier  has  a  charm 
for  young  men  of  the  right  stuff,  and 
Eoberts  did  not  wish  to  quit  Peshawar.  A 
vacancy  opportunely  occurred  in  one  of  the 
troops  of  horse  artillery  at  the  station,  and 
it  was  given  to  him.  The  troop  to  which 
.he  was  posted 

"  was  composed  of  a  magnificent  body  of  men, 
nearly  all  Irishmen,  most  of  whom  could  have 
lifted  me  up  with  one  hand.  They  were  tine 
riders,  and  needed  to  be  so,  for  the  stud-horses 
used  for  Artillery  purposes  at  that  time  were 
not  the  quiet,  well-broken  animals  of  the 
present  day.  I  used  to  try  my  hand  at  riding 
them  all  in  turn,  and  thus  learnt  to  understand 
and  appreciate  the  amount  of  nerve,  patience, 
and  skill  necessary  to  the  making  of  a  good 
Horse  Artillery  'driver,'  with  the  additional 
advantage  that  I  was  brought  into  constant 
contact  with  the  men.  It  also  qualified  me  to 
ride  in  the  officers'  team  for  the  regimental 
brake.  The  brake,  it  must  be  understood,  was 
drawn  by  six  horses,  each  ridden  postilion 
fashion  by  an  officer." 

Fond  as  he  was  of  regimental  life,  Eoberts, 
like  all  ambitious  young  officers,  was 
anxious  to  join  one  of  the  principal  depart- 
ments of  the  army,  and  great  was  his  satis- 
faction when  he  was  appointed  to  act  as  a 
deputy  -  assistant  -  quartermaster  -  general. 
With  characteristic  earnestness  he  threw 
himself  into  his  new  work,  and  quickly  won 
the  confidence  of  his  chiefs.  John  Lawrence, 
a  shrewd  judge  of  character,  met  him  in 
camp  at  Eawal  Pindi,  and  after  an  inspec- 
tion offered  him  an  appointment  in  the 
Public  Works  Department.  In  the  chief 
spending  department  of  the  State  his  ideas 
would  havecaused  an  Indian  Finance  Minister 
to  sigh.  He  would  have  built  splendid  roads 
and  constructed  magnificent  bridges,  but 
the  vulgar  question  of  cost  would  not  have 
entered  into  his  calculation.  Happily  he 
refused  the  offer,  for  it  meant  forsaking 
soldiering,  and  towards  the  end  of  April, 
1857,  he  was  ordered  to  report  on  tho 
capabilities  of  Cherat,  a  hill  not  far  from 
Peshawar,  as  a  sanatorium  for  European 
soldiers.  Here  he  first  met  Nicholson,  who 
was  engaged  in  introducing  peace  and  order 
in  the  Peshawar  Valley  : — 

"Nicholson  impressed  me  more  profoundly 
than  any  man  I  had  ever  met  before,  or  have 
ever  met  since.  I  have  never  seen  any  one 
like  him.  He  was  the  beau-ideal  of  a  Boldier 
and  a  gentleman.  His  appearance  was  distin- 
guished and  commanding,  with  a  sense  of  power 
about  him  which  to  my  mind  was  the  result  of 
his  having  passed  so  much  of  his  life  amongst 
the  wild  and  lawless  tribesmen,  with  whom  his 
authority  was  supreme.  Intercourse  with  this 
man  amongst  men  made  me  more  eager  than 
ever  to  remain  on  the  frontier,  and  I  was  seiz  d 
with  ambition  to  follow  in  his  footsteps." 

But  the  young  soldier  was  not  destined 
to  remain  on  the  frontier.  Soon  after  bis 
return   to    Peshawar  tho   Mutiny  broke  out. 

On  May  l-tli  ho  was  summoned  to  record 
the  decisions  of  the  council  of  war  at 
which    Nicholson    suggested    the    idea  of 


10 


THE     AT  II  ENJS  D  M 


N°3G11,  Jan.  9,  '07 


organizing  a  movable  oolumn  to  suppress 

the    Mutiny    wliorevor   it   might   appear    in 
the  Punjab.    The  formation  of  the  oolumn 

was  heartily  approved  by  Sir  John  Law- 
renoe,  and  •  arried  into  execution  without 
delay.  Brigadiei  Neville  Chamberlain  was 
appointed  to  command  it,  and  he  chose 
the  future  Field-Marshal  for  his  staff 
offioer.  "When  Neville  Chamberlain  relin- 
quished the  command  on  proceeding  to 
Delhi  as  Adjutant  -  General,  Nicholson 
succeeded  him,  and  as  his  staff  officer 
Capt.  Koberte  had  opportunities  of 
observing  closely  his  splendid  soldierly 
qualities  and  the  workings  of  his  grand,  but 
simple  mind.  "  Nicholson  was  a  born  Com- 
mander," he  writes,  "and  this  was  felt  by 
every  officer  and  man  with  the  column  before 
ho  had  been  amongst  them  many  days." 
('apt.  Roberts  was  at  the  fort  of  Philour 
when  a  message  came  from  Sir  Henry 
Barnard,  who  commanded  at  Delhi,  begging 
that  all  artillery  ofiicers  not  doing  regi- 
mental duty  might  be  sent  to  Delhi,  where 
their  services  were  urgently  required. 
Roberts  at  once  felt  that  the  message 
applied  to  him.  Nicholson  was  loth  to 
part  with  him,  but  he  agreed  that  his  first 
duty  was  to  his  regiment.  At  dawn  nest 
morning  he  left  by  mail-cart  for  Delhi. 
He  proceeded  to  TJmballa  as  fast  as  horses 
could  carry  him,  but  here  a  difficulty  arose. 
He  had  to  change  mail-carts,  but  the  seats 
in  the  fresh  vehicle  had  been  engaged  some 
days  in  advance.  But  Roberts  determined 
to  get  on  "by  hook  or  by  crook,"  to  use  a 
classic  expression  from  '  The  Faery  Queen.' 
He  called  on  Douglas  Forsyth,  the  Deputy- 
Commissioner,  who  said  that  he  might  have 
a  seat  in  an  extra  cart  that  was  leaving  that 
night  laden  with  small  -  arm  ammunition. 
The  offer  was  gladly  accepted,  and  the 
journey  resumed.  On  the  evening  of  the 
29th  of  June  Roberts,  after  a  narrow  escape 
of  falling  into  the  enemy's  hands,  reached 
our  piquets  at  Delhi.  He  was  told  that 
the  Quartermaster-General  was  most  anxious 
to  keep  him  in  his  department,  but  a  diffi- 
culty had  arisen  on  account  of  the  need  of 
naming  some  one  to  help  the  Assistant- 
Adjutant- General  of  the  Delhi  Field  Force, 
and  Chamberlain  had  thought  of  him  for 
the  post : — 

"  I  was  waiting  outside  Sir  Henry  Barnard's 
tent,  anxious  to  hear  what  decision  had  been 
come  to,  when  two  men  rode  up,  both  looking 
greatly  fatigued  and  half  starved  ;  one  of  them 
being  Stewart.  He  told  me  they  had  had  a 
most  adventurous  ride  ;  but  before  waiting  to 
hear  his  story,  I  asked  Norman  to  suggest 
Stewart  for  the  new  appointment — a  case  of 
one  word  for  Stewart  and  two  for  myself,  I  am 
afraid,  for  I  had  set  my  heart  on  returning  to  the 
Quartermaster-General's  department.  And  so  it 
was  settled,  to  our  mutual  satisfaction,  Stewart 
becoming  the  D.  A.  A.G.  of  the  Delhi  Field  Force, 
and  I  the  D.A.Q.M.G.  with  the  Artillery." 

This  hazardous  ride  was  one  of  the  most 
gallant  feats  performed  during  the  Mutiny, 
and  the  account  of  it  printed  in  the  appen- 
dix should  bo  read. 

On  the  30th  of  June  the  future  winner 
of  the  Victoria  Cross  first  found  him- 
Kelf  under  fire,  and  in  the  hard-fought 
encounter  on  the  14th  of  July,  while  helping 
the  artillery  drivers  to  keep  the  horses  quiet 
under  an  incessant  fire,  ho  suddenly  felt 
"a  tremendous  blow  on  my  back  which  made 
me  faint  and  sick,  and  I  was  afraid  I  should  not 


b«  ftble  to  remain  on  mj  horse.    The  p 
feeling,  however,  passed  ott,  and  I  managed 
stick  on  until  1  got  hack  to  oamp.     1  had  been 

hit  close  to  the  spine  by  a  bullet,  and  the 
wound  would  probably  have  been  fatal  hut  for 
the  fact  that  a  leather  pouch  for  caps,  which 
I  usually  wore  in  front  near  my  pistol,  had 
somehow  slipped  round  to  the  hack  ;  the  bullet 
passed  through  this  before  entering  my  body, 
and  was  thus  prevented  from  penetrating  very 
deep." 

The  wound,  though  comparatively  slight, 
kept  him  on  the  sick  list  for  a  fortnight, 
and  for  more  than  a  month  he  could  not 
mount  a  horse  or  put  on  a  sword.  He,  how- 
ever, recovered  in  time  to  serve  in  No.  2 
Battery,  which  was  constructed  immediately 
in  front  of  Ludlow  Castle,  five  hundred 
yards  from  the  Cashmere  Bastion.  Here  he 
had  a  narrow  escape,  being  knocked  down 
by  a  round  shot  which  came  through  an 
embrasure.  On  the  morning  of  the  assault, 
being  no  longer  required  with  the  breaching 
battery,  he  was  ordered  to  return  to  staff 
duty,  and  accordingly  joined  the  General 
at  Ludlow  Castle.  Discouraging  reports 
were  received  as  to  the  progress  of  the 
assaulting  columns,  and  Roberts  was  sent 
to  find  out  how  far  they  were  true  : — 

"Just  after  starting  on  my  errand,  while 
riding  through  the  Kashmir  gate,  I  observed  by 
the  side  of  the  road  a  doolie,  without  bearers, 
and  with  evidently  a  wounded  man  inside.  I 
dismounted  to  see  if  I  could  be  of  any  use  to 
the  occupant,  when  I  found,  to  my  grief  and 
consternation,  that  it  was  John  Nicholson,  with 
death  written  on  his  face.  He  told  me  that 
the  bearers  had  put  the  doolie  down  and  gone 
off  to  plunder  ;  that  he  was  in  great  pain,  and 
wished  to  be  taken  to  the  hospital.  He  was 
lying  on  his  back,  no  wound  was  visible,  and 
but  for  the  pallor  of  his  face,  always  colourless, 
there  was  no  sign  of  the  agony  he  must  have 
been  enduring.  On  my  expressing  a  hope  that 
he  was  not  seriously  wounded,  he  said  :  '  I  am 
dying  ;  there  is  no  chance  for  me.'  The  sight 
of  that  great  man  lying  helpless  and  on  the 
point  of  death  was  almost  more  than  I  could 
bear.  Other  men  had  daily  died  around  me, 
friends  and  comrades  had  been  killed  beside 
me,  but  I  never  felt  as  I  felt  then— to  lose 
Nicholson  seemed  to  me  at  that  moment  to  lose 
everything." 

On  the  morning  of  the  24th  of  September, 
whilst  Nicholson's  funeral  was  taking  place, 
Roberts  marched  out  of  Delhi  with  the  column 
that  was  dispatched  to  Cawnpore. 

1 '  It  was  a  matter  of  regret  to  me  that  I  was 
unable  to  pay  a  last  tribute  of  respect  to  my 
loved  and  honoured  friend  and  Commander  by 
following  his  body  to  the  grave,  but  I  could  not 
leave  the  column." 

Six-and-thirty  years  after,  the  present 
writer  stood  at  the  gate  of  the  old  cemetery 
near  the  Cashmere  Gate,  not  far  from  the 
breach  through  which  Nicholson  had  led  his 
soldiers.  In  the  dusk  of  the  evening  he  saw 
a  figure  go  slowly  up  the  path  leading  to 
Nicholson's  grave.  The  man  placed  a  few 
flowers  on  the  tomb,  and  remained  for  some 
minutes  gazing  at  it.  Then  with  quick, 
active  steps  he  returned.  It  was  Lord 
Roberts,  who  had  come  to  pay  his  last 
tributo  to  his  loved  and  honoured  friend 
and  commander.  The  next  day  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  India  left  Delhi  for 
England. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  10th  of 
Octobor,  1857,  the  column  reached  Agra.  As 
the  local  authorities  said  that  the  enemy  were 
nowhere  in  the  neighbourhood,  the  Brigadier 


orders  for  the  camp  to  be  pitched  as 
soon  as  the  tents  should  arrive,  and  he  con- 
sidered (wrongly,  as  Lord  Roberts  frankly 
admits)  there  was  no  necessity  for  posting 
piquets  until  the  evening.  Roberts  and 
Norman  (now  General  Sir  Henry  Norman) 
with  a  tew  others  got  permission  to  break- 
fast in  the  fort.  They  had  scarcely  sat  down 
when  they  were  startled  by  the  report  of  a 
gun,  then  another  and  another.  Hurry- 
ing down  the  stairs,  they  jumped  on 
their  horses  and  galloped  out  of  the 
fort  and  along  the  road  in  the  dii 
tion  of  the  firing.  On  reaching  the  scene 
of  action  a  strange  sight  broke  upon  them. 
"  Independent  fights  were  going  on  all  over 
the  parade  -  ground.  Here,  a  couple  of 
Cavalry  soldiers  were  charging  each  other. 
There,  the  game  of  bayonet  versus  sword 
was  being  carried  on  in  real  earnest." 
Roberts  and  Norman  rode  off  in  different 
directions  to  search  for  the  Brigadier.  While 
thus  employed  the  former  was  stopped  by 
a  dismounted  sowar, 

"  who  danced  about  in  front  of  me,  waving  his 
paqri  before  the  eyes  of  my  horse  with  one 
hand,  and  brandishing  his  sword  with  the 
other.  I  could  not  get  the  frightened  animal 
near  enough  to  use  my  sword,  and  my  pistol 
(a  Deane  and  Adams  revolver),  with  which  I 
tried  to  shoot  my  opponent,  refused  to  go  off, 
so  I  felt  myself  pretty  well  at  his  mercy,  when, 
to  my  relief,  I  saw  him  fall,  having  been  run 
through  the  body  by  a  man  of  the  9th  Lancers 
who  had  come  to  my  rescue." 
Gradually  the  enemy  were  beaten  off,  hotly 
pursued,  and  their  camp  captured.  After 
a  halt  of  three  days  the  column  continued 
its  march,  and  reached  Cawnpore  on  the 
26th  of  October.  Here  we  must  leave  for 
the  present  the  story  of  Lord  Roberts's 
adventures.  Some  of  the  most  exciting  and 
interesting  pages  remain  to  be  noticed. 

The  Gospel  Book  of  Saint  Margaret.  Being 
a  Facsimile  Reproduction  of  St.  Margaret's 
Copy  of  the  Gospels  preserved  in  the 
Bodleian  Library,  Oxford.  Edited  by  W. 
Forbes-Leith,  S.J.,  F.S.A.Scot.  (Edin- 
burgh, Douglas.) 
The  preliminary  investigation  with  a  view 
to  the  canonization  of  St.  Margaret  may  be 
seen  in  Theiner's  '  Monumenta  Yaticana.' 
According  to  the  account  written  by  her 
confessor,  nearly  eight  hundred  years  ago, 
she  "had  a  book  of  the  Gospels  beautifully 
adorned  with  gold  and  precious  stones,  and 
ornamented  with  the  figures  of  the  four 
evangelists  painted  and  gilt."  The  author 
goes  on  to  say  that  the  book  was  accidentally 
dropped  by  the  bearer  as  he  was  crossing 
a  ford,  and,  after  having  been  long  sought 
for  in  vain,  was  at  length  discovered ;  but 
instead  of  being  completely  spoilt  by  the 
action  of  the  water,  it  was  taken  out  of  the 
middle  of  the  stream  as  free  from  damage  as 
if  the  water  had  not  touched  it.  Only  in 
the  outer  leaves  could  a  slight  mark  of  damp 
be  detected.  The  book  was  to  her  great 
joy  restored  to  the  queen,  and  the  chronicler 
attributes  its  preservation  to  a  miracle.  The 
nineteenth  century  may  be  pardoned  for 
preferring  to  assign  its  discovery  and  its 
state  of  preservation  to  natural  causes, 
especially  as  it  was  admitted  at  the  time 
that  the  outer  leaves  were  not  protected 
in  the  same  way  as  the  interior  was.  The 
writer's   concluding  words  in  the   original 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


41 


are  :  "  Quare  alii  videant  quid  inde  sentiant; 
ego  propter  Reginao  venerabilis  dilectionem 
hoc  signum  a  Domino  fuisse  opinor."  But 
though  many  will  demur  to  the  miraculous 
part  of  the  narrative,  there  is  no  possibility 
of  denying  the  truth  of  the  story,  which  is 
contemporaneous  with  the  event  itself,  and 
is  further  confirmed  by  the  present  appear- 
ance of  the  book  after  an  interval  of  nearly 
eight  hundred  years. 

What  became  of  the  book  during  this 
long  period  no  one  knows,  but  that  the 
identical  Gospel  book  of  St.  Margaret  is 
now  in  the  Bodleian  Library  admits  of  no 
question.  Its  discovery  was  made  known 
to  the  world  by  an  article  in  the  Academy 
of  August  6th,  1887,  by  Mr.  Falconer 
Madan,  Lecturer  on  Mediaeval  Palaeography 
at  Oxford.  It  was  removed  from  a  parish 
library  at  Brent  Ely,  in  Suffolk,  and  sold 
at  Sotheb3''s,  having  been  entered  in 
the  catalogue  as  "  The  Four  Gospels, 
a  manuscript  on  vellum  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  illuminated  in  gold  and 
colours,  from  the  Brent  Ely  Library." 
The  book  was  bought  for  the  Bodleian 
Library  for  6^.,  nobody  having  any  sus- 
picion of  its  real  value.  Of  course,  in  the 
hands  into  which  it  came,  it  was  easily 
detected,  and  only  a  few  days  elapsed  before 
it  was  proclaimed  to  be  the  identical  book 
of  the  Gospels  of  St.  Margaret  which  had 
previously  been  lost  and  found. 

There  are  three  or  four  internal  evidences 
of  its  ownership,  two  being  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  others  of  the  seventeenth  and 
eighteenth  centuries.  But  of  more  import- 
ance than  these  is  a  poem  of  twenty- three 
lines  in  hexameter  verse,  which  exists  on  a 
fly-leaf  before  the  beginning  of  the  text. 
Appearing  to  have  been  written  at  the 
end  of  the  eleventh  or  beginning  of  the 
twelfth  century,  it  describes  the  loss  and 
subsequent  discovery  of  the  book  very  much 
as  the  story  has  been  related.  The  verses 
may  have  been  composed  by  Turgot,  Bishop 
of  St.  Andrews,  the  queen's  confessor,  but 
were  certainly  not  transcribed  by  him,  for 
the  scribe  wrote  the  first  three  lines  as 
prose  before  he  discovered  that  they  were 
in  verse,  and  wrote  the  remaining  twenty 
lines  properly,  with  a  capital  letter  at  the 
beginning  of  each  line. 

The  editor  seems  to  us  somewhat  to  over- 
rate the  importance  of  this  document  when 
he  speaks  of  it  as  "a  beautiful  specimen  of 
the  style  and  ornamentation  of  the  Canute 
period"  (p.  7).  He  quotes  Prof.  Westwood 
also  as  saying,  "The  text  of  the  MS.  is 
written  in  a  beautiful  minuscule  hand."  Its 
chief  value  consists  in  its  being  the  earliest 
extant  specimen  of  a  pre  -  Reformation 
Scottish  service  book ;  but  the  writing  does 
not  bear  favourable  comparison  with  either 
that  of  the  Canterbury  Missal  or  of  the 
Missal  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  recently 
published  by  Mr.  Martin  Rule,  and  the 
Gospels  have  been  carelessly  transcribed, 
having  about  fifty  mistakes  of  spelling, 
or  omitting  or  supplying  words. 

It  may  be  described  generally  as  consist- 
ing of  a  selection  from  the  Gospels  of  the 
Missals  in  use  at  that  time,  most  of  the  pages 
being  more  or  less  illuminated  with  letters 
of  gold  and  other  colours.  It  is  written 
on  fine  vellum,  the  letters  on  the  leaf 
in  many  cases  being  faintly  visible  on  the 
other  side.     On  the  verso  of  tho  leaf  pre- 


ceding each  of  the  four  Gospels  is  a  picture 
of  each  evangelist  respectively,  and  in  the 
case  of  St.  Matthew  the  outline  of  the  pic- 
ture is  distinctly  shown  on  the  recto  of 
the  leaf,  owing  to  the  action  of  the  water, 
but,  strange  to  say,  the  colouring  seems 
to  have  been  hardly  affected  by  it.  The 
book  begins  with  the  first  twenty-one  verses 
of  the  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  prefaced  by 
the  words  "  Incipit  euangelium  secundum 
Mattheum "  in  vermilion  (the  first  words 
of  this,  as  well  as  of  the  other  evangelists, 
being  in  large  gold  letters),  and  then  pro- 
ceeds to  the  first  extract  from  the  Sarum 
Gospel,  beginning  with  "  Sequentia  Sancti 
Euangelii  secundum  Mattheum."  But  there 
is  no  other  instance  of  a  Gospel  being  pre- 
faced by  a  "  Sequentia,"  &c.  The  passages 
selected,  with  the  exception  of  the  first  from 
each  Gospel,  which  begins  with  the  initial 
words  of  the  Gospel,  are  all  prefaced  by  the 
usual  words,  "  In  illo  tempore."  All  the 
other  Gospels,  instead  of  having  the  words 
"  Sequentia,"  &c,  are  prefaced  simply  by 
the  words  "  Secundum  Marcum,"  &c,  in 
illuminated  letters. 

The  account  of  the  Passion  is  given  at 
full  length  from  all  the  four  Gospels,  headed 
in  gold  letters  "  Passio  Domini  nostri  Jesu 
Christi  secundum  Matheum,"  &c,  and  in 
St.  Matthew's  account  we  have  the  singular 
reading,  "  Vah,  qui  dcstruit  templum  dei  et 
in  tribus  diebus  illud  reaedificat  ? "  with 
the  same  mark  of  interrogation  which  is 
always  used  for  questions.  This  is  the 
reading  of  the  Codex  Aureus  in  St.  Matthew 
(though  not  that  in  St.  Mark)  as  well  as  of 
other  early  MSS.  of  the  Latin  Gospels,  and 
appears  in  the  Westminster  Missal  lately 
published  by  the  Henry  Bradshaw  Society. 
On  the  last  page  devoted  to  St.  Matthew  we 
have  the  singular  mode  of  writing  the  words 
"  Pra&imore,"  the  &  being  made  to  do  duty 
for  the  last  letter  of  Prae  and  the  first  of 
timore.  This  is  the  only  instance  of  the 
kind,  though  et  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end 
of  a  word  is  frequently  thus  represented. 

When  we  come  to  the  passages  selected 
from  St.  Mark,  in  the  illuminated  part  of 
the  first  page  we  find  in  large  gold  letters 
"Initium  Euangelium"  for  Initium  Euan- 
gelii; and  at  the  "Passio  Domini  Jesu 
Christi  secundum  Marcum,"  in  spite  of 
the  usual  commencement,  "  In  illo  tempore 
erat  pascha  et  azyma,"  the  superfluous  word 
"  autem "  is  inserted  from  the  Vulgate, 
where  liturgies  usually  omit  it.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  "Passio"  here  we  have 
again  the  reading,  "Yah,  qui  destruit 
templum  Dei  et  in  tribus  rliebus  aedificat?" 
and  this  reading  has  not  here  the  sanction 
of  the  Codex  Aureus,  but  was  once  adopted 
in  the  original  Douai  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  although  altered  in  subsequent 
editions. 

In  St.  Luke  again  we  have  the  samo 
insertion  of  "  autem "  after  "  In  illo 
tempore"  in  tho  "Passio."  There  is 
nothing  else  in  the  passages  selected  from 
St.  Luke  to  notice,  except  that  thero  are, 
perhaps,  fewer  mistakes  of  writing  than  in 
those  of  St.  Mark. 

When  we  come  to  St.  John,  tho  illu- 
minated picture  of  tho  ovangelist  is  added 
on  one  side  of  the  vellum,  with  nothing  on 
tho  other  side.  In  tho  second  Gospel  wo 
have  the  word  "  servet  "  written  by  mistake 
for  nerval  in  the  form  "  serv&,"  and  in  tho  ! 


next  page  the  curious  appearance  of  the 
word  "  aeternam,"  written  "a&'nam,"  whilst 
in  the  very  next  line  the  word  "  aeterna  " 
is  written  at  full  length.  The  mistakes  of 
the  scribe  in  the  whole  four  evangelists 
amount  to  about  fifty,  the  most  important, 
perhaps,  of  all  being  the  omission  of  the 
words,  in  a  Gospel  from  St.  Mark,  "  et 
Maria  Jacobi  minoris  et  Joseph  mater," 
which,  if  they  had  been  inserted,  would 
have  just  filled  one  line  of  the  manuscript, 
a  mistake  evidently  of  the  kind  of  "  homceo- 
teleuton."  Amongst  other  mistakes  there 
are  two  or  three  omissions  of  the  illu- 
minator to  supply  the  capital  letter  at  the 
beginning  of  a  line. 

The  liturgical  value  of  these  extracts  from 
the  Gospels  is,  of  course,  absolutely  nothing, 
yet  as  an  interesting  facsimile  of  an  ancient 
document  it  will  be  welcome  to  many  more 
than  those  who  may  be  fortunate  enough 
to  possess  one  of  the  110  copies  to  which 
the  impression  is  limited.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  years  it  will  probabty  fetch  a  con- 
siderable price. 

It  may,  perhaps,  be  permissible  to  ex- 
press regret  at  the  editor  having  omitted 
the  blank  pages,  fol.  1,  lv.,  2v.,  21,  30, 
37v.,  38,  and  38v.,  which  would  have 
given  a  complete  representation  of  the  ori- 
ginal book,  with  all  the  disfigurements  of 
800  years.  We  should  then  have  been 
able  to  judge  how  far  the  pictures  of  the 
other  evangelists  had  been  represented  on 
the  back  of  the  leaf,  as  that  of  St. 
Matthew  has  been. 

We  had  hoped  we  should  have  been  able 
to  throw  some  light  on  the  copy  of  the 
Gospels  from  which  these  excerpts  were 
translated ;  but  after  comparing  them  with 
the  corresponding  portions  of  the  Westminster 
Missal,  with  the  Vulgate,  and  other  pub- 
lished versions,  and  after  making  due 
allowance  for  what  certainly  are,  or  pro- 
bably may  be,  mistakes  of  the  scribe,  we 
cannot  find  that  this  manuscript  agrees  with 
any  known  copy.  The  readings  for  the  most 
part  follow  the  Vulgate,  but  there  are  several 
important  variations  from  that  text.  A  re- 
markable one  is  the  omission  of  the  last 
clause  of  the  thirty-fifth  verse  of  the  twenty- 
seventh  chapter  of  St.  Matthew,  whiehappears 
as  taken  from  the  Vulgate  in  nearly  every 
modern  version,  but  which  is  undoubtedly 
a  mere  interpolation  from  the  parallel 
passage  in  St.  John's  Gospel,  and  is 
absent  from  all  the  best  Greek  and  most 
of  the  early  Latin  manuscripts.  But  per- 
haps the  most  remarkable  omission  is  that 
of  the  name  of  the  prophet  Jeremy  in  tho 
ninth  verse  of  the  same  chapter,  space  being 
left  for  the  insertion  of  the  name.  It  looks 
as  if  the  writer  was  aware  of  the  mistaken 
reference,  but  was  unwilling  to  substitute 
the  name  of  Zechariah  for  that  of  the  other 
prophet.  It  must  have  been  a  well-educated 
scribe  who  in  the  eleventh  century  could 
have  detected  tho  error  in  the  reference. 


Green    Arras.       By    Laurence     Ilousman. 

(Lane.) 
The  circle  of  Mr.  Housman's  admirers 
widens  slowly  and  Bteadily.  And  to  them 
he  owes  a  duty — for  they  expect  much  of 
him,  and  cry  their  expectations  from  the 
very  housetops.  Much,  however,  as  they 
expect    from     him,    he     from    his    readers 


\! 


T  II  E     ATIIENJEUM 


N  3611,  Jan.  9, 


expects  much  more.  Ee  expects  them  to 
appreciate  and  follow  hie  i  rratio  evolu- 
tions, to  acquiesce  in  his  startling  con- 
clusions, and,  hardest  of  all,  to  assent  to 
his   Bomewhal    capricious  estimate  of   tho 

value   of  WOrds.       Words    arc    to    .Mr.   ECoUS- 

niaii  Bometimes  mere  sensuous  sound  values 
—  sometimes  symbols  deeply  weighted, 
myth-laden  —  and  often  he  uses  them  to 
express  ideas.  Tho  unsympathetic  reader 
.stumbles  blind  and  irritated  among  the 
wreckage  of  the  dictionary,  and  only  tho 
sympathetic  need  hope  for  treasure,  for  to 
know  which  of  the  three  values  attaches  to 
any  word  or  words  the  reader  must  be  inti- 
mately in  key  with  the  mood  of  the  moment. 
Mr.  Housman  would  seem  to  desire  recogni- 
tion in  tho  character  of  a  great  master  of 
words.  Taking  him  in  that  character,  and 
allotting  to  the  public  the  part  of  Alice, 
Lewis  Carroll's  dialogue  will  be  found  to 
sketch  accurately  the  relative  positions  :  — 

"  '  When  I  use  a  word,'  Humpty  Dumpty 
said,  '  it  means  just  what  I  choose  it  to  mean — 
neither  more  nor  less. '  'The  question  is,' said 
Alice,  'whether  you  "an  make  one  word  mean 
so  many  different  things.'  'The  question  is,' 
said  Humpty  Dumpty,  '  which  is  to  be  master, 

that's  all They've  a  temper  some  of  them — 

particularly  verbs,  they're  the  proudest ;  adjec- 
tives you  can  do  anything  with,  but  not  verbs — 
however,  1  can  manage  the  whole  lot  of  them  ! 
Impenetrability  !  That's  what  /  say.'  " 
This,  clearly,  is  what  Mr.  Housman  says, 
and  he,  alas  !  is  not  always  master ;  some- 
times after  one  of  his  struggles  with  his 
native  tongue  the  honours  remain  divided. 
Perhaps  one  of  the  less  pleasant  feelings 
inspired  by  a  book  which,  after  all,  has  in 
it  much  that  is  quite  remarkable,  is  the 
feeling  that  much  must  have  been  dropped 
between  the  lines  during  the  conflict  between 
the  author's  sense  of  style  and  his  contempt 
of  sense. 

"When  Mr.  Housman  writes,  as  he  often 
does,  a  poem  that  transports  us  into  the  world 
of  dreams,  he  seems  to  claim  that  the  words 
should  only  just  brush  the  senses  with  a 
surface  of  meanings,  plausibly  deep  or 
shallow  according  to  the  reader's  degree 
of  lassitude.  Thus  '  The  Stolen  Mermaid  ' 
and  '  The  Water  Ghosts '  have  phrases 
which  almost  seem,  for  the  sake  of  the 
author's  delight  in  mere  quaint  decorations, 
to  have  left  concrete  meaning  behind  them 
— or  is  this  betrayal  of  sense  by  sound 
merely  an  interesting  if  hazardous  experi- 
ment, an  attempt  to  pull  the  reader,  by  the 
ear,  into  the  mood  required  of  him  ?  Be 
this  as  it  may,  it  is  a  method  which  will 
try  even  the  sympathetic,  and  which  to  the 
unsympathetic  is  merely  exasperating.  We 
ourselves  claim  to  be  sympathetic.  Mr. 
Housman  has  produced  passages  —  some- 
times whole  poems  —  full  of  music  subtle 
and  rich,  full  of  thought,  always  fine,  and 
now  and  then  deep  and  high. 

The  temptation  of  comparing  Mr.  Hous- 
rnan's  work  with  the  work  of  Bossetti  may, 
for  many  a  good  year  yet,  be  set  aside.  But 
one  must  remember — being  forced  to  the 
remembrance  by  sterling  qualities  and 
strong  defects — that  here  is  work  from  a 
hand  trained  to  express  itself  in  two 
mediums,  and  borrowing  qualities  from  the 
one  for  the  other.  Every  poem  or  passage 
in  which  the  author  succeeds  has  the  power 
of  making  us  see  a  picture.  The  motaphor 
by  which   Antams   describes   to   his   blind 


mother  the  st.us  reflected  on  the  sea  is 
Striking  and  beautiful,  however  out  of  place 

in  a  mythological  Betting: — 

I 'liey  look,  and  Bee  my  Father'*  ]  dUi 

shine  in  blue  fathoms  underneath  the  bay; 
There  with  Long  wands  like  pilgrims  enter  they 
And  feast. 

'  The  Gazing  Faun  '  supplies  a  fine  couplet, 
where  tho  union  of  the  author's  two  arts 
shows  plainly : — 

The  jilaj-ing  of  waters  a  coronal  wourd 
Melodic  with  ripples  and  tendrils  of  sound. 

But  quotation  can  only  do  injustice  to  a 
book  full  of  mysterious  charm,  and  possessed 
by  a  pervading  atmosphere  of  beauty  none 
the  less  real  in  that  it  sometimes  evades 
analysis — a  book  of  strange  virtues  and 
defects.  It  reflects,  we  hope  with  the  same 
promise  of  ultimate  performance,  the  quali- 
ties which  in  his  other  art  have  won  recog- 
nition for  its  author  —  qualities,  perhaps, 
pointing  to  final  mastery,  but  meanwhile 
elusive  and  indocile,  and  only  very  reluc- 
tantly tending  to  put  off  their  waywardness. 
Outwardly  and  visibly  the  book  is  trium- 
phant in  its  own  type  of  beauty.  The 
illustrations  are  as  unequal  as  the  verse, 
Antams  being  an  insult  to  common  as  well 
as  to  aesthetic  sense,  and  '  The  Three  Kings  ' 
a  gem  of  true  beauty.  In  fine,  '  Green 
Arras,'  with  all  its  faults  and  shortcomings, 
is  the  work  of  a  poet.  We  cannot  yet  place 
him  among  the  great  ones,  but  his  genius 
and  our  justice  alike  forbid  us  to  class  him 
with  the  crowd  of  minor  poets  who  sing 
nowadays  in  thin  -  voiced,  many  -  throated, 
weariful  chorus,  and  to  whose  metric  ail- 
ments one  longs  to  offer  the  old  prescrip- 
tion :  "  Live  on  sixpence  a  day  and  earn  it." 


A  History  of  Dumfries  and  Galloway.  By 
Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  Bart.,  M.P.  "  The 
County  Histories  of  Scotland."  (Black- 
wood &  Sons.) 
Almost,  if  not  quite,  the  most  original 
effort  in  history  during  the  last  twenty 
years  was  a  twelfth  century  biographical 
study  in  which  the  value,  picturesque  and 
human,  of  charter  evidence  was  illustrated 
with  unmatched  force.  What  is  true  on  the 
high  scale  holds  equally  in  the  story  of  a 
parish  or  a  shire,  and  the  like  standards  of 
test  apply  in  the  criticism.  Sir  Herbert  Max- 
well's st3'le  is  so  direct,  clear,  and  natural 
that  with  a  stock  of  patience  he  could  have 
produced  a  model  county  histoiw  ;  he  has  all 
the  necessary  sympathies — the  pity  is  he  has 
not  the  patience.  Whoever  writes  South 
Scottish  annals  without  laborious  use  of  the 
Botuli  Scotia^,  the  Exchequer  Bolls,  and 
the  Great  Seal  Register  essays  a  perilous 
adventure.  History  without  charters  is  but 
writ  in  sand.  Sir  Herbert's  easy  chapters 
exemplify  what  can  be  done  by  leaving  the 
chief  printed  records  (except  Mr.  Bain's 
invaluable  calendars)  practically  out  of 
account.  Although  Dumfries  is  first  on 
the  title-page,  the  stress  is  on  Gallowa}'. 
Probably  the  publishers  are  answerable  for 
coupling  two  irreconcilables  with  little  ex- 
cept a  boundary  line  in  common.  The  author 
himself  is  responsible  for  a  much  heavier 
percentage  of  error  than  is  excusablo  in  one 
of  a  standard  series  so  important.  It  is  not 
merely  that  a  vast  body  of  necessaiT  infor- 
mation is  absent  which  ought  to  have  been 
compactly   summarized.     It  is  too  evident 


that  the  omissions  are  explained  by  a  hai  . 
word  than  "  f orgetf ulness."  For  instance,  it 

is  stated  that  Kirkcudbright,  the  capital  of 
ra    Qalloway,   first  became    a    royal 
burgh    in   1  loo.       It    was    a    ro}-al    burj 
under  David  II.     After   this  one  need  not 
wonder  that  the  charter  stories  of  Sanquhar 
and  Ann  an  have  no  mention  in  spite  of  the 
light  they  cast  on  tho  influence  of  war  and 
rebellion  on  burghal  fortunes.     The 
tutional  side  has  no  charm  for  a  writer  who 
perpetually  falls  out  of  his  line  of  march  to 
pick    up   some  Gaelic  etymology — worth  a 
pin's  fee  usually  or  less.    A  weighty  problem 
of  that  sort  ho  is  apt  to  ignore.     The  odds 
are  considerable  that  it  will  be  news  to  him 
that   Galloway   as   a    bishopric    contained 
three   deaneries :    the   Desnes,    the  Fames 
or  Farinnes,  and  the  Rhynns — all  names  in 
need  of  rational   definition.     The  fondness 
for  Gaelic  speculation   might   have   led   to 
conclusions   on   Celticism   in  Galloway;  on 
the  clan  system,  can,    caupes,  sorryn,  and 
fachalos;  on  "  the  office  of  Tochiadarroche 
inNiddisdale";  and  on  kindly  tenancy.  Such 
themes  are  unknown  here,  and  when  a  rare 
piece  of  racial  evidence  comes  up  it  passes 
unrecognized.     Thus  Amulliekyn,  a  seven- 
teenth  century   surname,    is    misconstrued 
into  Irish  0' Mulligan,  whereas  it  appears 
in  Galloway  as  Ap  Molegan  in  the  Bagman 
Boll,  and  is  of  prime  moment  as  a  Welsh 
or  Cymric  name-form  in  the  district  in  the 
thirteenth   century.     In  the   adaptation   of 
Skene's  'Celtic  Scotland'  to  Galloway  the 
conclusions    have    not   been    submitted   to 
adequate  local  test. 

Most  old  canons  change,  but  to  tell  the 
facts  remains  for  historians.  Here,  unfortu- 
nately, inaccuracy  is  everywhere.  Sulwath, 
not  "  Sulwe,"  is  the  typical  form  of  the 
primitive  Solway,  which  Sir  Herbert  has 
not  discovered  was  a  ford.  "Yry,  yry, 
Standard,"  was  not  an  English  war-cry  in 
1138;  it  was  a  taunt  to  Galwegians  after- 
wards. "  Flores'  History "  is  a  unique 
method  of  citing  a  Bolls  series  volume, 
and  one  that  tells  its  own  tale.  Skene 
wrote  '  Flores  Hist.,'  an  abbreviation  re- 
cognizable by  the  tyro  as  'Flores  His- 
toriarum.'  Sir  Herbert,  borrowing  as  his 
manner  is,  makes  the  reference  ostensibly 
his  own,  and  in  the  process  corrects  Skene 
by  deforming  the  transformed  "Flores" 
into  a  personal  name !  Two  invasions 
of  England  in  1173  and  1174  are 
rolled  into  one.  Gilbert  of  Galloway  did 
not  pay  his  1,000/.  indemnity.  The 
presence  of  Alan,  Constable  of  Scotland,  at 
Bunnymede  is  called  "an  example  how 
strangely  the  allegiance  of  the  Scottish 
magnates  was  divided."  Sir  Herbert  has 
forgotten  that  the  Scottish  king  himself 
actively  sided  with  the  barons,  and  that 
Magna  Charta  contained  a  clause  for  his 
benefit.  Bardonan,  said  to  have  been  in 
Qalloway,  was  according  to  the  Great 
Seal  Begister  in  (Dalton  parish)  Dum- 
friesshire. The  Scottish  hostages  of 
Edward  I.  in  1297  did  not  die  in  Loch- 
maben  Castle,  which  was  not  then  a  "ter- 
rible fortress  "  :  they  died  in  Carlisle.  Sir 
Herbert  has  not  considered  the  contemporary 
statement  that  Edward  took  Lochmaben 
Castle  in  1298.  Ho  has  devoted  some  space 
to  Edward's  Scottish  campaign  of  1300,  and 
says  that  Annandale  was  laid  waste  and 
Galloway  spared.     There  appears  to  have 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


43 


been  no  such  devastation.  Mr.  Bain's 
calendar  might  have  prevented  the  con- 
tinued suggestion  that  the  garrison  of  cap- 
tured Carlaverock  were  hanged.  Edward 
did  not  hang  the  constable  ;  it  is  not  likely 
he  would  hang  any  of  the  others.  Sir  Her- 
bert is  under  the  strange  impression  that 
the  elaborate  supplies  for  that  invasion  were 
of  local  production.  That  he  possesses  small 
acquaintance  with  the  Wardrobe  Accounts 
cited  is  seen  from  his  silence  about  the  for- 
tification of  Dumfries,  and  his  failure  to 
grasp  the  plan  of  the  expedition,  or  observe 
the  presence  of  an  English  fleet  in  Kirkcud- 
bright Bay.  Edward,  he  saj's,  after  the 
delivery  of  the  Pope's  bull  to  him  in  the 
last  days  of  August,  remained  in  Dumfries 
until  the  end  of  October.  In  fact,  he  was 
in  Cumberland  by  September  2nd,  army 
and  all. 

Independent  generalizations  scarcely  exist 
in  the  book ;  the  omissions  are  vital ;  wherever 
there  is  detail  there  is  blunder.  Palgrave 
would  have  yielded  a  valuable  list  of  for- 
feitures of  patriots  by  Edward  I.  The  grant 
of  so  great  a  fief  as  Annandale  to  the  De 
Bohun  family  is  amongst  the  things  about 
which  one  wonders  how  they  could  possibly 
have  been  left  out.  It  curiously  resulted  in  the 
concurrent  running  for  about  three  quarters 
of  a  century  of  an  English  and  a  Scottish 
title,  complicated  by  a  Balliol  grant  to 
Percy,  between  whom  and  De  Bohun  there 
was  litigation  over  the  right. 

Has  Sir  Herbert  devoted  ten  minutes' 
investigation  to  the  McKie,  Murdoch,  and 
McLurg  legend  about  a  hassock  of  land  in 
Minnigaff  granted  by  Bruce,  "so  'tis  said," 
and  divided  betwixt  the  three  heroes  of  the 
long  bow  ?  Is  it  rash  to  suggest  that,  after 
Bruce's  time,  before  the  Murdochs  in  Cum- 
loden  there  were  McKies,  and  that  before 
McLurgs  in  Kirouchtie  there  were  Herons  ? 
If  these  inferences  from  the  Great  Seal  be 
facts,  what  becomes  of  the  fair  tradition  of 
the  widow's  three  archer-sons  who  mys- 
teriously managed  to  acquire  three  separate 
surnames,  without  Christian  prefixes  ?  Such 
tales  ought  not  to  pass  for  ever  as  history, 
unsifted.  Perhaps  this  one  has  as  much 
verity  as  there  is  in  Sir  Herbert's  date  of 
1570  for  the  New  Wark  of  Dumfries,  a 
building  named  in  1506,  or  in  that  of  the 
battle  of  Annan  on  Christmas  Eve,  1332, 
which  actually  took  place  on  December  16th. 
Edward  III.  did  not  grant  a  manor  to  Sir 
Eustace  Maxwell  in  1335,  he  only  promised 
one,  and  Sir  Eustace  went  back  to  the 
Scottish  faith  soon  afterwards.  Sir  Herbert's 
entire  failure  to  catch  the  sense  of  the 
Balliol  period  is  seen  i  n  his  capital  omission 
to  observe  and  record  that  the  effective 
movement  to  throw  off  the  Balliol-English 
yoke  in  the  south  wa  s  native  to  Dumfries- 
shire, where  William  of  Carruthers  rose 
about  1335.  Not  lees  disastrous  is  the 
absence  of  references,  even  at  second  hand, 
to  the  great  body  of  documents  on  the 
occupancy  by  the  English  of  their  chief 
castle  of  Lochmaben,  and  their  minor  forts 
in  Dumfriesshire  and  Galloway.  When  Sir 
Hubert  finds  time  to  glance  at  the  Rotuli 
Scotia)  he  will  find  some  really  interesting 
things  there. 

Sir  James  Lindsay  could  not  have  been 
murdered  in  June,  1356;  at  any  rate,  ho 
was  alivo,  as  was  h's  murderer,  in  the 
autumn  of  1357.      Regarding  tho  Stewartry 


of  Kirkcudbright,  the  distinctive  title  of 
Galloway  on  this  side  Cree,  it  is  really 
amusing  to  see  that  Sir  Herbert  has  yet  to 
discover  that,  coeval  if  not  far  older,  there 
was  a  Stewartry  of  Annandale  as  well,  which 
lived  on  until  the  pi-esent  century.  We  are 
by  no  means  satisfied  with  Sir  Herbert's 
account  of  the  Gallovidian  Stewartry,  dating 
it  categorically  from  1372.  It  certainly  was 
called  a  bailiary  in  1426  and  a  constabulary 
in  1429,  although  the  bailie  of  1426  was 
steward  in  1429.  The  murder  of  the  Tutor 
of  Bomby  does  not  rest  on  Pitscottie's  autho- 
rity :  Buchanan  mentions  it.  The  story  of 
the  battle  of  Kirtle  in  1484  loses  immensely 
because  the  narrator  knows  nothing  of  the 
charters  behind,  which  so  dramatically 
illumine  the  last  stand  of  the  Douglases. 
In  1488  the  battle  of  Sauchie  is  unrecorded, 
although  the  long  spears  and  wild  shout 
of  the  Dumfriesshire  men  determined  the 
fate  of  James  III.  Relative  to  the  clan 
fight  of  Maxwell  and  Johnstone  in  1593, 
Sir  Herbert  has  a  startling  ascription, 
citing  the  '  Lads  of  Wamphray  '  as 
"Scott's  spirited  ballad."  He  says  no 
punishment  followed  on  Lord  Maxwell's 
burning  of  Dalfibble.  It  was  one  of  the 
two  charges  on  which  he  was  beheaded. 
The  other  was  the  murder  of  Sir  James 
Johnstone  in  1608,  the  last  atrocity  of  a 
long  feud.  The  late  Mr.  William  McDowall 
— whose  work  on  the  burgh  of  Dumfries  is 
one  of  the  half  dozen  really  first-class  per- 
formances in  local  Scottish  history,  and 
whose  labours  Sir  Herbert  has  often  used 
with  the  scantest  recognition  —  somehow 
overlooked  the  exact  scene  of  that  famous 
assassination,  effected  at  a  meeting  ostensibly 
for  a  reconciliation.  Sir  William  Fraser, 
writing  after  Mr.  McDowall,  has  the  same 
oversight.  Sir  Herbert — really  copying, 
though  professedly  quoting  original  autho- 
rity —  of  course  follows.  The  fatal  tryst 
was  held  on  the  slope  of  Auchnane,  in 
Tinwald  parish,  a  bold  ridge,  visible  from 
the  Caledonian  Railway,  six  miles  west  of 
Lockerbie.  The  Murder  Loch  near  by  pre- 
serves, no  doubt,  a  record  of  the  crime. 

The  list  of  errors  noted  on  a  single 
perusal  is  yet  far  from  ended,  but  Sir 
Herbert  must  be  weary  of  correction.  So 
are  we.  For  anybody  not  primarily  con- 
cerned to  obtain  authoritative  historical 
information  the  book  will  be  bright  and 
readable,  a  not  ineffective  general  survey  of 
a  long  period  of  provincial  history,  with 
many  biographical  characterizations  and 
stirring  episodes  vigorously  written.  Its 
utter  inadequacy  in  knowledge  of  records, 
however,  to  say  nothing  of  its  besetting  in- 
exactness, unfits  it  from  seriously  ranking 
as  a  standard  county  history.  The  biblio- 
graphy is  useful,  though  far  from  complete. 
The  old  maps  from  Blaeu's  atlas  and  the 
modern  one  by  Bartholomew  aro  most 
serviceable  and  excellent  in  their  several 
kinds. 


The  Life  "/  Thomas  Hutchinson.  By  James  K. 
Hosmer.  (Boston,  U.S.,  Houghton,  Milllin 
&Co.) 

The  last  royal  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  was  one  of  the  great  Americans  of  tin' 
old  colonial  days.  His  '  Diary  and  Letters,' 
of  which  the  first  volume  appeared  in  1883 

and  the  last  in  1886,  revealed  (lie  man  to  tho 


world  and  heightened  the  respect  entertained 
for  his  memory.  His  '  Life,'  as  now  written 
by  Mr.  Hosmer,  is  not  a  mere  compilation 
from  the  '  Diary.'  The  author  has  drawn 
upon  the  archives  of  Massachusetts  for  un- 
published letters  and  details, and  has  used 
his  material  in  a  judicial  spirit,  which 
some  of  his  countrymen  will  condemn  as 
unpatriotic,  but  which  entitles  him  to  the 
esteem  as  a  biographer  and  historian  which 
the  late  Francis  Parkman  earned  and 
received. 

Hutchinson's  education  was  begun  at  a 
grammar  school  in  Boston,  continued  at 
Harvard  University,  and  completed  after 
he  became  M.A.,  when  he  set  himself 
to  the  careful  study  of  Latin  and  French. 
His  bent  was  to  historical  writing,  and  he 
set  himself  in  early  life  to  collect  books  for 
that  history  of  Massachusetts  which  con- 
stitutes one  of  his  best  titles  to  honour  and 
remembrance.  His  father  was  a  merchant, 
and  he  learned  in  his  father's  counting  - 
house  the  details  of  business  and  the  means 
whereby  to  make  himself  independent  in 
fortune. 

Having  a  turn  for  public  life,  he  was 
elected  by  his  fellow  burgesses,  in  1737,  to 
represent  them  in  the  House  of  Assembly, 
and  his  first  duty  in  that  position  was  to  draw 
up  an  address  congratulating  George  II.  on 
having  returned  from  Germany  in  safet}r, 
despite  the  famous  storm  recorded  by  Lord 
Hervey.  He  inspired  confidence  in  his  finan- 
cial capacity.  A  boundary  dispute  between 
Massachusetts  Bay  and  New  Hampshire 
requiring  settlement  in  England,  he  was 
deputed  in  1740  to  cross  the  ocean,  and  he 
returned  home,  after  thirteen  months' 
absence,  as  the  successful  advocate  of  his 
native  colony.  In  1749  he  was  Speaker  of 
the  House.  The  colony  was  then  suffering 
from  a  paper  currency.  The  sound  sense 
and  tact  of  Hutchinson  were  exercised  to 
restore  specie  payments  and  prosperity. 
His  zeal  for  the  public  service  was  rewarded 
with  threats  to  burn  down  his  house. 
When  everything  worked  smoothly  he  was 
popular  ;  till  then,  however,  those  who  be- 
lieved that  the  shortest  cut  to  wealth  was  to 
issue  paper  money  had  opposed  and  reviled 
him.  Mr.  Hosmer  justly  remarks  that 
"democracies  never  appear  to  so  poor 
advantage  as  in  the  management  of  finances, 
and  no  more  conspicuous  instance  in  point 
can  be  cited  than  that  of  provincial  New 
England  throughout  the  first  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century."  His  statement  might 
be  illustrated  and  enforced  by  instances  of 
a  later  date  in  American  annals.  He  is 
not  unmindful,  indeed,  of  modern  history 
when  he  remarks  concerning  the  Writs  of 
Assistance,  against  which  Otis  thundered, 
that  "  freedom,  to  be  sure,  was  outraged 
when  a  customs  officer  invaded  a  man's 
house,  his  castle;  but  high  tariffs  cannot 
exist  without  outrages  on  freedom." 

Tho  passing  of  the  Stamp  Act  was  tho 
measure  which  led  to  the  independence  of 
the  United  States.  It  was  not  to  the  taste 
of  Hutchinson,  3-et  he  was  unprepared  or 
disinclined  to  oppose  in  an  official  capacity 
anything  which  had  received  legislative 
sanction.  Mr.  Hosmer  is  both  full  and 
candid    in    his    comments.      He    points    out 

thai  George  Grenville  was  most  conciliatory. 

The     outlay     for    the    American     civil    and 
military    establishments    had     risen     from 


1 1 


Til  E     A  Til  KN.KUM 


N  3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


rO,00(W.  to  850,000/.  a  year.  Ho  thought 
tliat  Amerioa  should  contribute  bouio- 
tliiuLT.  Ho  stated  tlio  caso  to  the  agents 
for  the  l  hiof  eolonios  and  oxprossod  liis 
readiness  to  adopt  an  alternative  scheme. 
Mr.  Hosmei  points  out  that  if  some  repro- 
ation  in  Parliament  had  been  allotted  to 
America,  no  dispute  about  taxation  would 
have  occurred.  Such  a  scheme  had  been 
suggested  by  Franklin  ;  Otis  had  favourod 
it  in  New  England ;  Adam  Smith  advo- 
oated  it,  and  Grenville  did  not  oppose  it. 
Two  men  in  America — Patrick  Henr}',  of 
Virginia,  and  Samuel  Adams,  of  Massa- 
chusetts— had  set  their  hearts  from  the  out- 
set upon  the  severance  of  the  colonies  from 
the  motherland,  and  their  voices  prevailed. 

The  position  of  Hutchinson  was  most  try- 
ing. He  objected  alike  to  revolution  and 
tyranny.  Perhaps  he  saw  too  clearly  that 
the  question  at  issue  had  two  sides.  A 
letter  written  to  Col.  "Williams  on  the  2Gth 
of  April,  1765,  reveals  his  character  : — 

"  As  for  those  men  you  talk  of  and  wish  for,  they 
are  only  to  be  found  in  Plato's  Commonwealth. 
We  that  fancy  we  are  most  like  them,  although 
we  durst  not  pursue  any  measure  which  appears 
to  us  to  be  against  the  public  good,  yet  we  see 
many  things  through  a  false  medium,  and  are 
balanced,  though  insensibly,  by  one  prejudice 
and  another.  Perhaps  the  case  is  the  same 
with  some  who  are  opposite  to  us  in  public 
affairs,  who  vote  quite  different  from  us,  and 
arc  under  insensible  bias  the  other  way.  This 
consideration  should  tend  to  keep  us  from  dis- 
content and  disturbance  in  our  minds  when 
measures  are  pursued  contrary  to  what  appears 
to  us  to  be  right.  Possibly  we  may  be  mis- 
taken." 

In  the  summer  of  this  same  year  Hut- 
chinson's house  at  Milton  was  attacked 
by  a  mob,  the  furniture  was  destroyed, 
the  manuscripts  which  he  had  been  col- 
lecting for  thirty  years  were  scattered 
or  destroyed,  and  he  narrowly  escaped 
with  his  life.  His  only  offence  was  to  doubt 
the  wisdom  of  those  who  were  openly  pre- 
paring the  way  for  rebellion  and  revolution. 
He  was  then  Chief  Justice ;  he  afterwards 
became  first  deputy  and  next  Governor  of 
Massachusetts  Bay.  In  May,  1774,  he 
embarked  for  England,  having  been  tem- 
porarily superseded  by  General  Gage.  The 
king  desired  to  learn  from  his  lips  the  story 
of  Boston.  He  died  in  London  on  the  3rd 
of  June,  1780,  at  a  time  when  a  mob 
ravaged  the  City  and  destroyed  the  dwelling 
and  papers  of  a  greater  Chief  Justice  than 
the  first  historian  and  last  royal  Governor 
of  New  England. 

Mr.  Hosmer  writes  with  a  moderation 
which  inspires  confidence  in  his  judgment. 
His  references  to  the  chief  points  in  dispute 
aro  in  very  good  taste.  The  policy  of  send- 
ing two  regiments  to  keep  the  peace  in 
Boston  was  entirely  mistaken ;  but  justice 
has  been  withheld  from  the  soldiers,  and  he 
adds  this  tribute  to  the  regiments  concerned, 
which  does  as  much  credit  to  himself  as  to 
thorn  :  — 

"  Few  organizations  of  the  British  army  have 
a  record  more  honourable.  The  14th  [now  the 
Yorkshire  Regiment]  was  with  William  III.  in 
Flanders  ;  it  formed,  too,  one  of  the  squares  at 
Waterloo,  breasting  for  hours  the  charge  of  the 
French  Cuirassiers  until  it  had  nearly  melted 
away.  The.  2!)th  [now  the  Worcestershire  Regi- 
ment] was  with  Marlborough  at  Ramilies  ;  with 
Wellington  in  the  Peninsula  it  bore  a  heavy 
part,  as   may  be   read  in   Napier,  in   wresting 


Spain  from  th<  of  Napoleon.     A  mistaken 

policy  had  put  the  regiments  into  a  position 
where  they  deserved  pity  ;  to  fight  it  out  with 
the  mob  do  doubt  would  have  been  far  easier 
and  pleasantor  than  to  yield.  For  brave  soldiers 
to  forbear  is  harder  than  to  charge,  and  one  may 
be  sure  that,  in  the  long  history  of  those  regi- 
ments, few  experiences  more  trying  came  to 
pass  than  those  of  the  Boston  streets." 

The  particulars  in  this  work  which  now 
appear  for  the  first  time  complete  the  picture 
of  tho  last  royal  Governor,  who  was  not 
tho  least  worthy  of  the  natives  of  New 
England.  Mr.  Hosmer  has  executed  his 
work  so  well  that  it  is  a  model  for  his 
countrymen  and  deserves  the  careful  study 
of  our  own. 


NEW  NOVELS. 


Cursed  by  a  Fortune.     By  G.  Manville  Fenn. 

(White  &  Co.) 
Since  the  days  of  the  ill-starred  Clarissa, 
few  heroines  have  had  to  undergo  a  per- 
secution so  audacious  as  Kate  Wilton,  the 
heiress  in  Mr.  Fenn's  last  novel.  First 
urged  by  an  impecunious  uncle,  a  so-called 
"  squire,"  and  his  wife  to  endow  with  her 
hand  their  oaf  of  a  son,  then  rescued 
through  her  bedroom  window  by  a  per- 
suasive middle-aged  attorney,  she  is  im- 
prisoned by  that  eminent  gentleman  in  his 
house  in  Bloomsbury,  and  finally  nearly 
loses  her  life  by  the  drugs  administered 
to  her  for  the  basest  of  purposes.  For- 
tunately the  oaf,  who  undergoes  a  Cymon- 
like  transformation  of  character  through 
his  attachment  to  another  maiden,  and 
a  gallant  young  doctor,  who  is  only  de- 
terred by  Kate's  wealth  from  declaring  his 
virtuous  passion,  arrive  in  the  nick  of  time 
for  her  rescue  and  the  physical  doubling-up 
of  the  limb  of  the  law.  The  dialogue  and 
characters  are,  for  the  most  part,  heartily 
vulgar,  and  of  psychological  interest  there 
is  little  or  none  ;  but  it  will  be  imagined 
that  in  the  author's  practised  hands  there 
is  no  lack  of  incident,  and  the  story  runs 
unflaggingly  from  start  to  finish.  We  much 
prefer  Mr.  Fenn  in  his  Christmas  vein,  but 
if  he  must  attempt  fiction  for  adults,  this  is 
not  the  worst  of  his  enterprises. 

The  Juggler  and  the  Soul.  By  Helen  Mathers. 

(Skeffington  &  Son.) 
"  To  be  the  little  wife  of  a  great  man"  was, 
in  the  opinion  of  Miss  Mathers's  heroine 
Ninga,  "infinitely  preferable  to  being  the 
great,  or  say  notorious,  wife  of  a  little  one." 
It  is  sad  that  a  young  lady  of  such 
admirable  sentiments  should  be  tortured 
through  her  innocent  affections  by  the  fate 
which  subjects  her  to  the  consequences  of 
an  unhappy  scientific  experiment.  Mr. 
Sabine  is  a  great  surgical  genius  and  dis- 
coverer, and  has  succeeded  in  reanimating 
the  actually  dead  by  transfusion  of  the 
blood  of  the  living.  It  is  to  his  caro  that 
Ninga  is  entrusted  by  her  father,  an 
absentee  in  India,  and  in  his  household 
she  soon  reigns  over  the  hearts  not  only 
of  its  master,  but  of  his  two  pupils,  the 
buoyant,  generous  Arthur  and  his  dark, 
saturnine  comrade  Jasper,  a  man  of  more 
years  and  strange  experience  of  the  magical 
systems  of  the  East.  When  readers  find,  as 
they  do  almost  at  the  outset,  that  tho  savant 
himself  is  the  secret  object  of  Ninga's  attach- 
ment, but  that  his  age  and  modosty  prevent 


bis  Understanding  her  heart,  they  are  pre- 
pared for  a  triangular  complication  that 
promises  not  too  smooth  a  course  for  youth- 
ful passion.  But  the  terrific  surgical  secret 
that  Sabine  shares  with  his  one  deaf-mute 
assistant  constitutes  an  element  in  the  case 
that  removes  it  from  all  ordinary  experience. 
Miss  Mathers  utilizes  this  unholy  power  in 
a  startling,  but  not  inconceivable  manner  in 
her  story,  to  which  we  refer  our  readers  not 
only  for  its  blood-curdbng  qualities,  but  for 
the  very  womanly  study  of  the  Anglo- 
Indian  maiden,  whose  final  happiness  will 
be  found  an  actual  relief. 


Dorothy  Lucas.      By  Edgar  D.  C.  Bolland. 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Mr.  Bolland's  story  belongs  to  a  fast 
vanishing  class  of  fiction,  in  which  there  is 
invariably  a  baronet,  and  he,  as  invariably, 
a  betrayer  of  j-outh  and  innocence.  In  this 
case  we  prefer  to  substitute  "ignorance"  for 
"innocence,"  since  we  cannot  admit  that  a 
young  lady  who  lies  to  her  parents,  and 
whose  instinct  does  not  warn  her  against 
meeting  a  man  of  doubtful  reputation  at  a 
restaurant,  is  possessed  of  the  latter  quality. 
In  fact,  we  consider  Dorothy  a  vain  and 
vulgar  little  person,  quite  on  a  level  with 
her  parentage.  The  jeune  pre mier  of  artistic 
temperament  is  another  familiar  type,  as  is 
the  Dissenting  minister  with  his  regrettable 
lack  of  principle.  Finally,  there  is  the 
deus  ex  machind,  John  Wilson,  who  rescues 
the  maiden  in  distress,  and  sets  everj'body 
right  without  apparent  effort.  From  these 
elements  the  author  has  produced  a  not 
very  well-written  story,  which  the  reader 
will  feel  might  have  been  less  readable 
had  it  also  been  less  commonplace. 


The    Gleaming   Dawn.      By    James    Baker. 

(Chapman  &  Hall.) 
A  novel  dealing  with  the  Hussite  (Mr. 
Baker  prefers  Husite)  wars  in  Bohemia  is 
indeed  a  novelty.  The  author  interests  his 
readers  deeply  in  Zizka,  Prokop,  Magister 
Payne,  and  other  Bohemians  who  took  pro- 
minent part  in  the  national  movement  follow- 
ing the  treacherous  execution  of  John  Hus 
at  Constance,  and  readers  of  Count  Liitzow's 
recently  published  monograph  on  Bohemian 
history,  noticed  by  us  on  September  19thj 
189G,  will  recognize  many  familiar  names 
both  of  people  and  places.  A  revival 
of  interest  in  the  history  of  the  Hussites 
is  appropriate.  As  Mr.  Baker  points 
out,  the  doctrines  of  Wj'clif  showed 
more  vitality  among  the  Hussites  of 
Bohemia  than  among  the  Lollards  of 
England.  So  in  his  excellent  and  interest- 
ing romance  '  The  Gleaming  Dawn '  the 
reader  is  introduced  to  a  little  body  of  Wy- 
clifites  in  England  and  at  Oxford,  and  soon 
accompanies  them  to  Bohemia  to  fight 
against  the  Papists  for  faith  and  freedom. 
It  will  strike  even  the  casual  reader  as 
extraordinary  that  this  novel  should  show 
not  only  exciting  scenes,  but  great 
accuracy  of  detail.  The  mere  mention  on 
p.  73  of  the  English  Bible  in  Prague  alone 
involves  no  little  historical  knowledge  and 
research.  The  reference  is  quite  exact 
and  chronological.  As  a  romance  of  the 
early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century,  Mr. 
Baker's  novel  deserves  to  rank  high.  He 
has  a  good  story  to  tell,  he  writes  well,  and 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


45 


there  is  no  cessation  of  the  reader's  in- 
terest in  the  events  narrated.  The  worst 
line  of  the  book  is  the  first,  which  is  a 
marvel  of  cacophony — "  Will  the  world 
ever  wot  aught  of  all  the  wild  fury,"  &c. 
Otherwise  the  book  is  essentially  good 
literature  throughout. 

A  Tale  of  the  Thames.     By  J.  Ashby-Sterry. 

(Bliss,  Sands  &  Co.) 
It  is  pleasant  in  winter  to  read  of  the  sunny 
days  of  July  on  the  Thames  and  of  the 
love-makings  of  two  young  couples,  "  illus- 
trated," as  the  author  expresses  it,  with 
lyrics  of  his  own  composition.  The  story 
and  its  incidents  are  cleverly  designed  as  a 
setting  to  Mr.  Ashby-Sterry's  bright  and 
graceful  verses.  One  of  his  dramatis  persona 
well  recalls  Mortimer  Collins's  poems  of  the 
Thames,  which  are  too  seldom  read  to-day. 
*  A  Tale  of  the  Thames,'  though  short 
and  slight,  is  eminently  pleasant  to  read, 
-and  not  a  page  of  it  is  disappointing.  Mr. 
W.  Hatherell's  drawings  in  black  and  white 
are  good,  and  form  an  agreeable  accom- 
paniment to  Mr.  Ashby-Sterry's  literature. 

A   Mere   Pug.    By  Nemo.      (Digby,  Long 

&Co.) 
It  is  possible  to  imagine  the  existence  of 
persons  who  can  enjoy  a  story  narrated  by 
a  pug  to  a  "  delicate  little  terrier."  The 
example  of  Ouida's  '  Puck '  does  not  suffice 
to  justify  an  unsuccessful  attempt  of  a  some- 
what similar  description.  The  writer  has  a 
story  to  tell  and  there  is  some  pathos  in  it ; 
but  in  the  case  of  '  A  Mere  Pug '  the  effort 
is  hopeless  from  the  start. 


FAIKY   TALES. 

There    is     something    pleasantly    novel     in 
Eileen's  Journey,  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Jelf  (Murray), 
for,  as  the  author  writes,  "  it  is  a  magic  journey, 
in  which  she  travels   through  the  centuries  as 
mortals   travel   through   space."     Her  progres- 
sion   is,    of  course,    backwards.     The    journey 
is  "  made  in  search  of   beauty  and  goodness," 
and  "the  thread  of  a  single  fairy  tale — with  a 
single  governing   idea— is  woven   through    the 
whole."     The  thread   is,    however,    very  thin, 
for,  though  Eileen  is   "personally  conducted" 
by  Queen  Titania  in   a  fairy  chariot  borne  by 
eaglets  to  a  magic  train  which   carries  her  into 
the  past,    there  is  no  fairy  tale  at    all.      We 
grieve  to  say,  too,  that  Mr.  Jelf  has  had  to  go 
back  all  but  forty  years    to    find  any  "  scene  " 
of  sufficient  beauty  or  goodness  to  justify  his 
heroine's  leaving  the  train  to  see  it.     She  then 
alights  at  Station  a.d.  1857,  and  witnesses  the 
siege  and   relief   of   Lucknow,   which   are  well 
described.     Of  course,  to  see  many  of  the  strik- 
ing   events     of     history     completely,    weeks, 
months,   and   sometimes  years,   were    required, 
and  while  Eileen  was  at  Lucknow  time  went  on  ; 
but  at  last  she  returned  to  Station  1857,  and 
once   more  sped  backward  in  the  century   till 
«he  reached  Station  1845,  when  she  alighted  in 
■the  frigid  zone  on  the  deck   of  the  Erebus  to 
bo   present  at  the  death  of  Sir  John  Franklin. 
To   make    the    balance    true,   she    visited    the 
torrid  zone  at  the  moment  when    Livingstone 
was  in  the  clutch  of  the  lion.     After  this  she 
was  at  the  Duchess  of  Richmond's  ball  before 
Quatre  Bras,  saw  the  beginning  of  the  War  of 
Tiul.  |i<ndenceandShakspeare  at  thcGlobe,  sailed 
with  Columbus,  and  was  present  at  the  martyr- 
dom of  the  Maid  of  Orleans  and  the  first  meeting 
of  Dante  and  Beatrice  ;  she  even  saw  Tell  shoot 
his  arrow,  though  the  legend  is  now  discredited. 
Mr.  Jelf'8  book  will  certainly  be  popular  with 
children,    and    will     stimulate    their    love    of 
reading. 


In  The  Garden  of  Peace,  by  Helen  Milman 
(Mrs.  Caldwell  Crof ton)  (Lane),  "Fortune  brings 
in  some  boats  that  are  not  steered."  Were  it 
otherwise  Mrs.  Crof  ton's  garden  of  peace  might 
have  caused  her  dire  distress,  for,  as  she  relates, 
she  and  her  husband  went  into  the  country  to 
try  to  find  a  house,  and  found  a  garden  which 
they  loved  and  a  sundial  which  sealed  their 
fate.     "  It  was  only  a  glance,"  she  writes, 

"  but  our  hearts  took  root  in  a  moment ADd  the 

house?  It  was  enough  that  it  was  trellised  and 
covered  with  creepers  ;  we  gave  it  hardly  a  glance, 
for  we  looked  into  the  garden,  and  beyond  the 
garden  down  into  the  valley,  and  to  the  fir  woods 
where  a  glint  of  pale  larch  green  and  rose-tints  told 
us  the  news  that  Spring  was  coming,  and  that  the 
earth  was  awakening  from  her  sleep.  We  listened 
to  the  birds,  and  they  gave  us  welcome." 
"  Nature,"  however,  as  we  know  on  high  autho- 
rity, "never  did  betray  the  heart  that  loved 
her,"  and  all  went  well.  No  lack  of  care  was 
shown  in  choosing  boxes  in  which  birds  of  all 
kinds  could  dwell  comfortably;  and  these  were 
soon  filled,  even  though  their  inmates  were 
subjected  daily  to  having  their  roofs  lifted  up. 
The  book  is  full  of  interesting  observations  on 
the  ways  of  birds  and  beasts,  which  would  have 
been  more  valuable  had  we  known  the  district 
in  which  they  were  made.  The  writing,  though 
sometimes  very  good,  is  unequal. 

We  own  to  a  preference  for  stories  which,  like 
The  Saga  of  the  iSea  Swallow,  by  Miss  (?)  Maidie 
Dickson  (Innes),  begin  with  "Once  upon  a 
time."  There  is  a  pleasant  sense  that  we 
are  going  to  hear  of  "Old,  forgotten,  far-off 
things  "  ;  and  though  "Saga"  is  rather  a  big  word 
to  use,  Miss  Dickson  by  no  means  disappoints 
this  expectation.  Seven  Vikings,  with  names 
often  heard  in  story,  are  on  their  way  back  to 
Norway  in  a  ship  laden  with  booty,  when,  some- 
where on  the  west  coast  of  Britain,  they  run  on 
a  rock  and  spring  a  leak  in  their  vessel.  They 
make  for  an  islet  which  is  little  more  than  a  great 
black  rock  with  a  castle  on  it  ;  but  in  this  castle 
is,  of  course,  a  beautiful  princess,  and  she  can 
change  herself  at  will  into  a  sea  swallow.  Her 
story  is  interesting,  and  a  number  of  well-kuown 
legends  have  contributed  to  its  existence.  In 
'  Greenfeather  the  Changeling  '  Miss  Dickson  is 
on  ground  with  which  she  is  more  familiar.  The 
scene  is  laid  in  a  village  within  easy  access  of 
fairyland.  Villagelife  in  Ireland  is  well  described, 
and  court  life  in  fairyland  is  picturesque. 

Holiday  Tasks  (Jarrold  &  Sons)  has  a 
business-like  sound,  but  Miss  M.  H.  Deben- 
ham's  title  is  misleading.  The  holiday 
folk  are  a  chance  group  of  health  seekers 
met  together  on  the  shores  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  the  task  which  they  set  each  other 
is  "to  make  up  a  real  good  fairy  tale  and  tell  it." 
They  all  have  wits,  and  they  all  succeed,  and  the 
result  is  a  charming  collection  of  wondrous  tales, 
which  is  sure  to  be  popular. 

The  Garden  of  Time  (Jarrold  &  Sons), 
by  Mrs.  G.  Davidson,  is  a  kind  of  fairy 
tale.  It  is  the  chronicle  of  the  adventures  of 
little  Daffodil,  who  sets  out  with  her  poodle 
Koko  to  pay  a  visit  to  Father  Time.  On  the 
way  she  makes  the  acquaintance  of  Jack  Frost, 
the  Tombscratcher,  the  Sundog,  the  Man  in  the 
Moon,  and  other  well-known  characters,  who 
say  and  do  appropriate  things  like  good  puppets. 
Time's  garden  being  reached,  Daffodil  "  passes 
through  the  veil  of  memory  into  the  vista  of 
years,"  and  then  awakes,  for  lo  !  it  was  a 
dream.  Children  have  strange  tastes  and  some 
may  like  this  strange  story,  which  is  adorned 
with  many  weird  pictures. 


AFRICAN  PHILOLOGY. 
The  S.P.C.K.  send  a  book  of  easy  reading 
lessons  {Masomo  Mepesi)  in  Swahili,  beginning 
with  short  sentences  and  gradually  progressing 
to  connected  stories.  From  the  same  pub- 
lishers comes  a  Swahili  version  (abbreviated 
and  adapted)  of  'Some  Chief  Truths  of  Be- 
ligion,'    by   the   Rev.  E.  L.    Cutts,    under   the  | 


title  Mambo  mangine  mangine  makuu  ya  dini. 
Both  these  little  books  are  printed  at  the  Uni- 
versities' Mission  Press,  Zanzibar,  and  should 
be  found  very  useful  in  the  schools  connected 
with  that  mission. 

We  have  also  received  from  the  S.P.C.K.  Kafa 
ka  Malen  ka  Atra  Temne,  a  book  of  hymns  in 
Temne,  compiled  by  J.  Manka  and  the  Rev. 
J.  A.  Alley,  who  are  the  authors  or  translators 
of  a  considerable  number  of  the  hymns.  The 
Temne  language  is  largely  spoken  in  the  "  Hin- 
terland "  of  Sierra  Leone,  and  is  the  one  most 
needed  by  C.M.S.  missionaries  working  there. 
Cust,  following  F.  Muller,  places  it  (along  with 
Bullom,  Mende,  Susu,  Mandingo,  Wolof,  and 
others)  in  the  northern  section  of  the  Atlantic 
sub-group  of  his  Negro  group.  This  group  must 
be  looked  on  as  merely  a  provisional  one  for  the 
reception  of  languages  whose  relations  to  one 
another  and  to  other  groups  have  yet  to  be  de- 
termined. Bleek  and  Lepsius  were  inclined  to 
think  that  the  "Negro"  languages  would  ulti- 
mately be  found  to  possess  Bantu  affinities. 
The  principal  authority  for  this  language  is  the 
German  missionary  Schlencker  (died  1880),  who 
published  a  Temne  grammar  and  dictionary, 
and  a  '  Collection  of  Temne  Fables,  Traditions, 
and  Proverbs '  (Triibner),  and  translated  the 
greater  part  of  the  Bible  into  Temne. 

The  Cambridge  University  Press  has  issued 
a  handsome  quarto — Specimens  of  Hansa  Litera- 
ture, by  Charles  Henry  Robinson,    of  Trinity 
College,    Student    of    the    Hausa    Association. 
This  book  is  the  outcome  of  a  movement  on  the 
part  of  the  University   which    will   be  warmly 
welcomed  by  all  students  of  language,  and  will, 
we  hope,  in  time  embrace  other  African  lan- 
guage -  groups.       The    MSS.    from    which    the 
"Specimens"   are    printed    were   collected    in 
Africa   by  Mr.   Robinson  and  his   brother,   the 
late  Rev.  J.  A.  Robinson.     The  text  is  printed 
in   Roman   characters,    with   a    literal   English 
translation  on  the  opposite  page,  and  followed 
(in  this   edition)  by  facsimiles  of  the  originals 
written  in   the  Arabic    character.     The  Hausa 
language  is  believed   to   be   spoken  by  fifteen 
millions  of  people,   and  is,   moreover,  the  lan- 
guage of  trade  throughout  the  Central  Soudan, 
i.e.,  the  region  surrounding  Lake  Tchad.     Per- 
haps Mr.  Robinson's  estimate  of  its  importance 
and  interest  is  excessive  ;  he  thinks  it  is  one 
of   the   four    languages   which   will    ultimately 
dominate  the  continent   of   Africa,   the   others 
being  English,  Swahili,  and  Arabic  ;  but  some- 
thing must  be  allowed  for  the  feeling  of  proprie- 
torship acquired  by  the  scholar  who    explores 
a  little  -  known   subject.     We    could   name   in- 
dividuals  who    would    probably    make    similar 
claims   on  behalf   of  Fiote,   Mang'anja,    or  any 
tongue  of  which  they  have  made  a  dictionary. 
Hausa   has   incorporated    a    large    number   of 
Arabic    words,    and,    apart   from    these,    shows 
certain  Semitic  affinities.     Mr.  Robinson,  how- 
ever, thinks  that  it  should  rather  be  classed  with 
the    Hamitic    group,    though   avowing    that  he 
does  not  know  enough  of  either  Coptic  or  Berber 
to  make   a  satisfactory  comparison   with  those 
languages.     He  does  not  mention  the  classifica- 
tion   of  F.    Muller,   who   places    it   among    the 
"Negro"  tongues.     Its  position  can  hardly  be 
determined  without  further  study,  to  which  end 
the  publication   of  these  specimens  and  of  the 
grammar  and  dictionary  promised  shortly  should 
be  of  great  assistance.    They  consist  of  six  poems 
of  a  gnomic  and  theological  character,   and  an 
historical    extract  translated    from    the  Arabic. 
Some  parts  of  the  poems  are    rhymed,   others 
seem   to  follow  no  recognizable  arrangement  of 
endings.  The  religion  depicted  is  of  the  fanatical 
type  exemplified  in  the  Soudan  dervishes  and  the 
Emir  Danfodio,  the  prophet  of  the  Niger.  A  great 
part  of  Poem  F  is  devoted  to  the  life  after  death, 
and  the  torments  allotted  to  unbelievers  and  evil- 
doers (for  t  he  poel  s  morality  is  of  an  exceedingly 
practical  character,  and  among  those  whom   he 
denounces    are    the    "  whisperers   of    evil,"   the 
"brokers  who  have  made  unjust  profits,"  and 


16 


THE     ATIIENjEUM 


N°3611,  .Tax.  9,  "07 


"they  who  regard  stealing  as  lawful ")  are  de- 
scribed in  ezeeediogly  il r.i^t  it-  language.  The 
author  of  this  and  the  preoeding  piece  is  <'iu- 

siieikli  Othman  of  s< >k<>t . ■,  who  died  in  L809, 

and  appears  t<>  have  been  the  apostle  of  [slam 

among  the  Rfannan    A  few  of  his  lines  will  servi 

as  a  specimen  of  the  general  tone  of  the  poems 

in  their  less  feiocious  mood  : — 

off  pride  and  evil-doing,  and  stealing  earnest-money  ; 
count  1 1 1 y  oowriei  full,  leave  aft  Falsehood. 
The  Mussulman  who  loves  his  brother  shall  share  the  abode 
hi  Mohammed,  son  of  Amina. 

I'.iy  attention  and  listen  to  my  WOndl,  ()  Mussulmans  ;  that 

w  hloh  has  been  said  is  true. 

If  then  you  refuse  to  repent  (or)  even  to  listen,  when  yon 

have   to  rise   (ami   leave   this   world),   there   will    be 

no  continuance  for  any  one. 
If  the  King  of  the  Mussulmans  goes  to  Mecca,  we  must  pray 

and  make  ready  our  goods  (to  go  with  him). 
Our  belief  is  to  us  in  the  place  of  riches  ;  we  cleanse  our 

hearts,  we  repent  well. 
We  pray  that  our  Lord  may  give  us  power  that  we  may  rise 

up  among  all  the  followers  of  Abd-el-Kadr. 


AMERICAN    FICTIOX. 

The  Story  of  Aaron.  By  Joel  Chandler  Harris. 
(Osgood,  Mcllvaine  it  Co.) — "The  story  of  how 
Buster  John,  Sweetest  Susan,  and  Drusilla 
found  their  way  into  Mr.  ThimbJefinger's  queer 
country  has,"  says  the  author  of  '  Uncie  Remus,' 
"  been  set  forth,"  but  this  is  the  story  of  Aaron, 
who  was  foreman  of  the  field  hands  on  their 
father's  plantation  in  Middle  Georgia.  What 
was  more  important  still,  he  was  acquainted 
with  the  language  of  birds  and  beasts,  and  with 
other  mightier  secrets.  "If  you  want  to  learn 
this  language,"  said  Mr.  Rabbit,  "go  to  Aaron, 
Son  of  Ben  AH,  take  him  by  his  left  hand,  bend 
the  thumb  back,  and  with  your  ri"ht  forefinger 
make  a  cross  mark  on  it.  Should  Aaron  pay  no 
attention  to  it,  repeat  the  sign.  The  third  time 
he  will  know  it."  At  that  time  the  children's 
minds  were  too  full  of  other  things  to  care  about 
Aaron  ;  but  after  a  while  they  remembered  what 
Mr.  Rabbit  had  said,  and  sought  Aaron,  and  the 
result  is  this  book.  But  what  magician  ever  yet 
yielded  to  the  first  attempt  to  win  his  secrets 
from  him  ?  As  North-Country  children  say, 
"the  third  time  is  catchy  time,"  and  on  the 
third  trial  Aaron  yielded,  and  taught  them  how 
to  converse  with  all  the  birds  of  the  air  and 
beasts  of  the  field.  Horses  black  and  grey 
begin  a  story  which  is  continued  by  the  "track 
dog  "  and  the  white  pig  ;  but  we  are  bound  to 
say  that  we  think  the  children  must  some- 
times have  found  it  a  little  tedious.  The  part 
we  like  best  is  that  which  tells  of  the  rescue  of 
the  Teacher,  and  of  his  reappearance  when 
"the  army  marches  by."  That  is  very  good. 
The  illustrations  are  good,  too. 

Chumley's  Post:  a  Story  of  the  Paivnee  Trail, 
by  Mr.  William  O.  Stoddard  (Nimmo),  may  be 
described  as  an  American  version  of  '  Robbery 
under  Arms,'  minus  the  literary  flavour  and 
go-ahead  vigour  of  that  spirited  romance. 
Jerry  M'Cord,  alias  Mortimer  Herries,  is  its 
"  Captain  Starlight,"  for  the  astute  black-fellow 
we  have  the  wily  Pawnee,  and  horses  instead 
of  oxen  are  the  object  of  their  joint  depreda- 
tions. It  is  a  faithful  enough  presentment  of 
the  wild  drama  of  the  Western  frontier,  so  far 
as  its  actors  and  incidents  are  concerned  ;  the 
noble  red  man  appears  in  his  proper  guise  of  a 
thief  and  an  assassin,  with  none  of  the  glamour 
that  used  formerly  to  be  thrown  around  his 
proceedings  ;  and  the  different  types  of  pioneer 
settlers  are  evidently  sketched  from  life.  Yet 
the  whole  is  lacking  in  the  touch  of  genius  with 
which  "Rolf  Boldrewood  "  handled  these  well- 
worn  materials  ;  the  action  drags,  and  the 
reader's  attention  is  diverted  by  unnecessary 
details,  which  weary  without  convincing  him. 
Chumley,  who  disguises  the  more  aristocratic 
form  of  his  patronymic  as  above,  is  a  fine  figure 
of  a  man,  and  is  worthy  of  so  plucky  and 
winsome  a  mate  as  Jessie  Munro  ;  but  the 
development  of  their  love-affair  is  a  desperately 
long  business,  and  it  requires  the  dogged  per- 
sistence of  the  British  schoolboy  to  travel  to 
the  conclusion  thereof  along  the  Pawnee  trail. 


A  wi  ril  of  praise    must   be   given    to  Mr.  0.  11. 

Stephens's  capital  illustrations. 

/', ,    Freedom' &  Sake.     By  Arthur  Peterson. 

■ml,  Mcllvaine  A  Co.)— Mr.  Peterson  has, 

when  he  pleases,  a  stirring  enough   manner  of 

telling  an  adventurous  tale.     'For  Freedom's 

Sake'  is  good,  though  the  author  may  not  be 
quite  so  much  in  vein  as  he  has  been  at  other 
times,  and  doubtless  will  be  again.  His  present 
story  is  of  the  Abolitionist  troubles  in  \W>  and 
the  attitude  assumed  by  some  of  the  men  of 
Kansas  versus  Missourians,  who  sought  in  too 
practical  a  way  to  enforce  their  views  on  the 
slave  question.  The  scene  is  laid  in  a  small 
frontier  town  called  Santone.  Saving  the  pre- 
sence of  Mr.  Paterson's  hero,  it  is  old  John 
Brown  himself  who  is  the  hero  of  the  hour. 
The  doings  of  himself,  his  stalwart  sons  and 
followers,  make  a  good  background  for  Robert 
Holdenough,  and  are,  indeed,  the  principal  in- 
terest. Side  issues  and  complications  of  various 
sorts  set  in  at  Santone.  There  is  a  moderate 
or  peace  party,  who  count  their  own  safety  and 
interest  above  the  great  principles  involved  in 
the  skirmishes  between  the  Missourians  and  the 
men  of  the  North.  The  Southerners  are  many 
of  them  bullies  and  desperadoes  working  in 
the  interest  of  their  cotton  lords.  On  the  top 
of  these  undercurrents  and  confused  elements 
arrives  Robert  Holdenough,  of  Boston,  to  take 
up  land,  but  still  more  to  uphold  the  cause  of 
freedom.  At  this  point  the  story  opens.  He 
identifies  himself  with  John  Brown's  cause, 
which  produces  friction  with  peace-loving  rela- 
tives of  the  girl  of  his  heart.  There  are  many 
ups  and  downs  and  some  exciting  episodes. 
Mr.  Paterson  by  no  means  wallows  in  American- 
isms. He  only  introduces  what  is  necessary  for 
the  sake  of  local  reality  and  vividness  of  im- 
pression. 

The  Maker  of  Moons,  by  Mr.  Robert  W. 
Chambers  (Putnam's  Sons),  and  the  other  stories 
contained  in  this  volume,  show  the  hand  of  a 
clever  and  practised  writer,  of  more  repute  in 
the  United  States  than  in  Europe.  Mr.  Chambers 
collects  eight  stories  (the  first  of  which  supplies 
the  title)  abounding  in  adventure,  excitement, 
tragedy,  and  horrors.  For  those  who  like  such 
disturbing  elements  in  combination  these  tales 
should  have  considerable  attraction.  There  is 
hardly  a  restful  page  in  the  book.  Nevertheless 
the  writer's  skill  is  undeniable.  Everything  in 
these  stories  is  American,  including  humour, 
pathos,  phraseology,  and  spelling.  The  author 
is  no  doubt  a  keen  sportsman,  and  his  expe- 
riences as  a  fisherman  are  among  the  best 
passages  in  the  book.  We  will  give  no  account 
of  the  plots  of  his  eight  short  stories,  beyond 
saying  that  they  are  never  dull  and  always 
original  and  varied. 

The  Daughter  of  Alouette.  By  Mary  A.  Owen. 
(Methuen  &  Co. )— The  North  American  Indians 
of  the  Missouri  district  and  the  white  settlers  in 
that  inclement  region  have  provided  Miss  Owen 
with  material  for  apicturesqueanddramatictreat- 
ment  of  the  contrast  between  wild  and  civilized 
life  existing  almost  side  by  side  in  the  Far  West. 
The  story  is  full  of  incident  and  vivid  colour  ; 
whether  it  is  locally  accurate  or  not  cannot  be 
pronounced  by,  nor  need  it  signify  to,  the  Eng- 
lish reader. 

"  Readers  who  knew  their  New  York  City  in 
the  days  of  Irish  liberators  and  before  the 
Tammany  gang  was  broken  up  will  understand 
what  in  The  Dragon  Slayer,  by  Mr.  Roger 
Pocock  (Chapman  &  Hall),  may  seem  to  others 
obscure.  In  any  case  it  is  a  curious  story  ;  it  is 
curiously  expressed,  and  is,  besides,  a  quaint 
mixture  of  actuality  and  allegory.  If  it  please 
him,  the  reader  may  set  the  symbolism  on  one 
side  and  "go"  for  the  story  itself.  Even  then 
he  will  think  it  a  somewhat  strange  production, 
full  of  surprising  people  and  startling  events. 
Brand,  the  hero,  an  honest  journalist  (this  is 
not  a  contradiction  in  terms,  as  it  appears  to  be), 
represents  the  spirit  of  truth  and  unselfishness 


irarring  with  the  elements  <<f  ■  corrupt  civiliza- 
tion  and   national  dishonour  manifested  in  the 
on  of  a  great  financier.     Hilda,  the  her' 
ids    for    ideal    humanity    rescued    from 
perils  of  gigantic  self-interest  and  unscrupulous 
scheming.      The  world's  great  frauds,  started  in 
high  places  by  notable  personages,  are  shown  up, 
and  their  mysterious  emissaries  tracked  out  and 
unmasked  by  the  powers  of  righteousness  and 
_the  courage  of  a  trio  of  social  reformers. 


LAW-BOOKS. 


Guide  to  the  Mining  Laws  of  the  World. 
By  Oswald  Walmesley,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  (Eyre 
&  Spottiswoode.) — The  idea  of  this  book  is  a 
good  one,  and  not  so  quixotic  as  some  might 
imagine,  for  note  the  author's  statement  at 
p.  15  that  nearly  every  country,  except  our 
own,  has  a  mining  code  of  some  sort  or  other. 
To  give  some  idea  of  the  codes  of  other  coun- 
tries, and  of  the  codeless  condition  of  our  free 
and  happy  England,  is  the  task  which  Mr. 
Walmesley  has  taken  upon  himself,  and,  as 
far  as  we  can  judge  without  a  personal  investi- 
gation of  all  the  mines  of  the  world,  he 
has  produced  a  very  useful  and  instructive 
manual.  The  number  of  countries,  divisions  of 
countries,  colonies,  and  other  political  units  of 
which  he  treats  is  nearly  one  hundred,  begin- 
ning very  properly  with  his  native  country,  and 
ending  with  Japan.  The  plan  of  the  work,  as 
described  in  the  introduction,  may  be  thus 
stated  in  a  greatly  abridged  form  :  the  author 
gives,  first,  in  the  case  of  each  country  or  other 
division,  the  legislative  features  and  history  of 
the  law  ;  secondly,  the  classification  of  minerals; 
thirdly,  the  rights  of  search  for  mines ;  fourthly, 
the  rules  as  to  concessions;  fifthly,  the  rules  as 
to  acquirement  of  easements  of  way  and  water, 
&c.  ;  sixthly,  the  rules  as  to  inspection  ; 
seventhly,  the  arrangements  for  relief  in  case 
of  accidents  ;  eighthly,  the  constitution  of  the 
mining  authority  where  such  authority  exists  ; 
ninthly,  general  observations  where  required. 
To  collect  and  digest  such  a  mass  of  informa- 
tion must  have  been  a  work  of  great  labour, 
and  it  may  be  hoped  that  the  wide  scope  of  the 
book  will  ensure  its  circulation  and  secure  for 
the  author  his  due  reward.  It  is  impossible, 
within  our  limited  space,  to  give  any  general  idea 
of  so  many-sided  a  subject,  and  we  must  be 
content  to  notice  one  or  two  interesting  points 
here  and  there.  A  curious  contrast  is  drawn 
between  codeless  England,  "  with  her  annual 
production  of  nearly  200,000,000  tons  of  coal, 
and  huge  quantities  of  other  minerals,"  and 
little  Lucca,  with  only  one  mine  of  silver  lead 
and  one  of  lignite,  and  an  elaborate  mining  code 
of  115  articles  !  It  may  be  noted,  however, 
that  while  the  author,  quite  correctly,  calls 
Lucca  "a  small  province  within  a  state,"  it  is  not 
so  very  long  since  she  lost  her  independence. 
A  remarkable  instance  of  excessive  codification 
is  afforded  by  the  Argentine  Republic,  where, 
we  are  told,  the  premature  efforts  of  the  legisla- 
ture have  caused  "much  confusion  and  impedi- 
ment to  a  proper  development  of  the  mines." 
It  seems  clear  that  China  and  Japan  have  a 
great  mining  future  before  them,  and  that  both 
countries  have  laid  down  rules  of  law  on  the 
subject  of  minerals.  The  vast  extent  of  China 
involves  too  great  a  variety  of  law  and  custom 
for  collection  and  treatment  in  detail  in  the 
small  work  under  notice,  but  Mr.  Walmesley 
states  the  general  principles,  extracted  from 
a  native  treatise  with  the  marvellous  title  of 
'Kin-Ting  Ta-Tsing  Hoy-tien  Tze-ri.'  The 
mineral  wealth  of  Japan  is  said  to  be  "some- 
thing enormous,"  the  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron, 
and  coal,  in  certain  parts,  appearing  to  be 
"  almost  inexhaustible,"  while  manganese, 
sulphur,  and  petroleum  are  also  produced.  An 
excellent  set  of  rules  seems  to  have  been  laid 
down,  but  it  is  only  of  recent  origin,  for,  in  the 
words  of  Mr.  Walmesley,  the  history  of  the  written 
mining  law  of  Japan  may  be  said  to  date  from 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


47 


the  "Restoration"  in  1868.  As  regards  our 
own  benighted  land,  the  book  contains  some 
very  interesting  particulars.  Although  (as  men- 
tioned before)  there  is  no  general  code  for  the 
•country,  there  are  bodies  of  law  or  custom  which 
regulate  mining  in  particular  parts,  notably  in 
the  Forest  of  Dean,  and  the  "  Peak"  and  some 
other  parts  of  Derbyshire.  These  are  summarized 
in  the  "Great  Britain"  chapter  of  the  work; 
it  is  impossible  to  go  into  such  matters 
here,  though  the  quaint  terms  "free  miner," 
"gaveller,"  "meer,"  "freeing  dish,"  "lot," 
"  cope,"  "  bar-master,"  &c,  are  enough  to  whet 
the  curiosity  even  of  a  moderately  inquisitive 
person.  For  these  and  other  matters  we  must 
refer  to  the  book  itself,  which,  apart  from  its 
qualities  as  a  law-book,  must  necessarily  have 
attractions  for  all  who  are  interested  in  any 
way  in  the  progress  of  mining  industry.  The 
index  is  excellent. 

The  Magistrate's  Annual  Practice  fur  1895. 
By  Charles  Milner  Atkinson.  (Stevens  &,  Sons.) 
— The  great  success  of  the  Chancery  '  Annual 
Practice  '  must  naturally  have  suggested  the 
publication  of  similar  works  dealing  with  other 
jurisdictions  ;  and  the  duties  and  powers  of  a 
magistrate  are  so  multifarious  that  Mr.  Atkin- 
son's book  must  be  most  acceptable,  not  only  to 
that  class,  but  also  to  the  many  solicitors  and 
the  sprinkling  of  barristers  who  practise  before 
them.  From  the  date  of  the  preface,  "October, 
1895,"  and  from  the  fact  that  the  appendix  in- 
cludes portions  of  several  Acts  passed  in  1895, 
we  conclude  that  the  work  was  prepared  during 
the  session  of  Parliament  which  terminated 
in  that  year,  and  that  the  words  "last  session 
of  Parliament"  in  the  preface  apply  to  that  of 
1894-5.  That  being  so,  and  many  decisions  of 
the  courts  during  the  year  1895  being  cited,  the 
practitioner  will  be  fully  armed  for  legal  conflict 
accordingtorecentjudicialandlegislative  declara- 
tions of  law.  The  author  regrets  that  he  has  felt 
himself  compelled,  by  considerations  of  space, 
to  omit  some  important  subjects,  such  as  the 
Factory  and  Merchant  Shipping  Acts,  and  we 
share  his  feeling  ;  but  the  book  is  so  ponderous, 
even  without  them,  that  we  can  easily  understand 
his  having  decided  to  exclude  them.  We  may, 
perhaps,  suggest  that  a  second  appendix,  con- 
taining alphabetical  tables  of  the  penalties 
under  those  and  some  other  Acts  (e.g.,  the  Shop 
Hours  Act),  with  references  to  Act  and  section 
in  each  case,  would  assist  the  many  who  will 
use  the  book,  and  could  not  increase  its  bulk 
very  much. 

A  Manual  of  the  Principles  of  Equity.  By 
John  Indermaur.  Third  Edition.  (Barber.) — 
This  useful  and  compendious  treatise,  originally 
published  in  1886,  is  too  well  known,  now  that 
it  has  fought  its  way  to  a  third  edition,  to 
require  a  lengthy  notice  at  our  hands.  The 
appearance  of  the  second  edition  about  four 
years  ago  constituted  in  itself  a  survival  of  the 
fit  which  proved  that  Mr.  Indermaur  had 
found  an  appreciative  audience.  The  present 
edition  has  its  raison  d'etre  prill  ipally  in  the 
necessity  of  incorporating  in  all  works  on  equity 
the  provisions  of  the  Trustee  Aci,  1893,  56  & 
57  Vict.,  c.  53.  This  enactment  now  consti- 
tutes the  statute  law  as  to  trustees.  Many  of 
its  sections  are  mere  re-enactments  of  those  of 
earlier  Acts,  which  it  so  far  repeals  ;  but  even 
where  it  exactly  copies  its  predecessors  it  neces- 
sarily vitiates  the  references  given  in  previous 
editions  of  the  work  ;  and  it  is  probable  that  it 
may  have  introduced  new  rules  here  and  there, 
notwithstanding  that  it  is  simply  called  "an 
Act  to  consolidate."  On  comparing  Mr.  Inder- 
maur's  statements  of  the  various  sections  with 
the  sections  themselves  in  the  0"een's  printers' 
copy  we  find  that  the  reproduction  is  generally 
very  accurate,  but  one  or  two  little  .slips  may 
be  pointed  out.  The  statement  of  the  section 
as  to  appointment  of  new  trustees  (p.  58)  fails 
t"  include  absence  from  the  United  Kingdom 
for  more  than  twelve  months  as  one  of  the  cir- 
cumstances  which    may   justify   such  appoint- 


ment.    This  is  a  rather  serious  omission  ;  the 
Conveyancing  and  Law  of  Property  Act,  1881, 
introduced  the  provision  as  to  such  absence  for 
very  good  reasons,  and  a  practical  lawyer  must 
know    that    the    remedy    thus    provided    may 
obviate  grave  inconvenience.     At  p.  59  the  fact 
that  the    consent  of    co-trustees,    &c,   to    the 
discharge  of  a  trustee  (when  no  new  trustee  is 
appointed)    must    be    by   deed   is    not    noticed, 
though  it  is  correctly  stated  that  the  declaration 
of  a  desire  to  be  discharged,  and  the  actual  dis- 
charge itself,  must  be  by  deed.     At  p.  61  the 
statement,  "A  trustee  has  now  full  power  to 
give  proper  receipts  for  all  trust  moneys  and 
property  of  every  description,"  is  so  general  as 
to  be  scarcely  intelligible  ;  the  section  referred 
to  (s.  20)  deals  with  a  "receipt  in  writing"  of 
a  trustee    "for  any  money,  securities,  or  other 
personal  property  or  effects  payable,  transfer- 
able, or  deliverable  to  him  under  any  trust  or 
power."      In   the   same   page   s.    21   is   rather 
loosely  set  forth,  and  it  would  have  been  better 
to  give  the  actual  words  of  the  legislature.     In 
extenuation  of  such  defects  as  these,  Mr.  Inder- 
maur may,  perhaps,  urge  that  no  sensible  and 
lawyerlike  reader  wouh;  rely  on  the  mere  state- 
ment of  a  sect  on  in  a  text-book  without  look- 
ing at  the  section  itself.  That  is  very  true  ;  but, 
then,    why  does  Mr.  Indermaur  himself  often 
refer   to  other  works  (e.g.,  Underbill,  '  Law  of 
Trusts  and  Trustees']  instead  of  finding  out  and 
referring  to  the  decisions  or  statutes  on  which 
the  authors  of  those  works  rely  ?    In  the  case  of 
Roman  law  we  are  obliged  very  often  to  treat 
the  views  of  individual   authors  as  our  ultima 
ratio,  because  we  find  little  else  to  go  upon  ;  in 
English   law,  where   every   result   is   recorded, 
there  is  no  excuse  for  quoting  Mr.  A.  or  Mr.  B. 
without  finding  out  whether  he  relies  on  autho- 
rity or  merely  states  his  own  opinion.     But  we 
have    now    "growled"   enough.      A    carefully 
prepared  corrigenda  sheet  might  sweep  away  all 
defects.      We  may  conscientiously  recommend 
the  work,  e^en  as  it  stands,  both  to  students, 
for   whom    it    is    primarily   intended,    and    to 
barristers  and  solicitors  who  desire  to  make  a 
preliminary  survey  before  sinking  shafts  in  the 
rich  ore-bearing  strata  of  deep  legal  investiga- 
tion. 


DICTIONARIES. 

FluoEl  is  a  familiar  name  to  most  Englishmen 
who  have  taken  up  the  study  of  German,  and 
therefore  we  thank  Messrs.  Asher  for  having 
brought  out  in  two  handsome  volumes  a  new 
Dictionary  of  the  English  and  German  Languages, 
founded  on  Fliigel  by  Dr.  I.  Schmidt  and  Dr.  G. 
Tanger.  Of  course,  as  in  all  dictionaries  "  made 
in  Germany,"  the  aim  is  rather  to  help  the  in- 
dustrious Teuton  to  learn  English  than  the  less 
persevering  Englishman  to  master  German  ;  but 
the  German-English  part  of  the  work  seems  to 
us  useful  and  well  arranged,  although  a  little 
more  consideration  might  have  been  paid  to  the 
fact  that  many  English  still  study  German  not 
with  a  view  to  trade,  but  to  be  able  to  read 
German  literature.  However,  it  is  a  decided 
advance  upon  Flvigel,  and  the  handsome  pages 
and  clear  type  reflect  much  credit  on  the  pub- 
lishers. 

We  have  received  several  more  parts  (ten  in 
all)  of  the  Nuovo  Dizionario  Ttaliano-Tedesco  e 
Tedesco  -  Italiano  of  Messrs.  Rigutini  and  Bulle 
(Leipzig,  Tauchnitz).  The  Italian-German  por- 
tion of  this  lexicon  is  finished,  and  the  German- 
Italian  has  begun.  The  former  seems  to  be 
excellent  so  far  as  it  goes.  The  particles 
especially,  to  which  ordinary  dictionaries  pay 
too  little  attention,  are  well  and  clearly  ex- 
plained. The  tenses  of  defective  verbs  are 
also  plainly  stated,  and  this,  again,  is  a  decided 
advantage.  This  is  a  dictionary  much  to  be 
recommended. 

The  fifth  edition  of  Meyer's  Konveraations- 
Lexikon  (Leipzig,  Bibliographischea  Ens ti tut) 
proceeds  prosperously  on  its  way.  The  thir- 
teenth   volume    begins    with    the    North    Sfi  I 


(Noordzee)  Canal,  and  reaches  as  far  as  "  Poli- 
tesse."  An  excelient  plan  of  Nuremberg  occurs 
early  in  the  volume  ;  and  admirable  geological 
and  agricultural  plans,  as  well  as  a  territorial 
map  and  a  series  of  historical  maps,  and  a  plate 
of  "  Landerwappen,"  illustrate  the  article  on 
Austria.  When  would  a  London  publisher  think 
of  introducing  so  many  useful  illustrations  in  an 
encyclopaedia  ?  Photography  is  also  capitally 
elucidated,  and  the  short  articles  on  palaeography 
and  Palestine  deserve  praise  ;  and  there  is  a  good 
sketch  of  the  history  of  Poland,  with  maps 
illustrating  the  boundaries  of  that  unfoitunate 
kingdom  before  its  unscrupulous  neighbours  par- 
celled it  out  among  them.  The  little  history  of 
philology  on  pp.  850-52  is  exceedingly  well 
done.  Conington  has,  we  may  remark,  been 
turned  into  "Cunington,"  but  that  is  a  solitary 
misprint.  The  article  "  Pferd  "  is  also  a  careful 
piece  of  work. 

OUR    LIBRARY    TABLE. 
The  title  of  Alone  in  China,  and  other  Stories 
(Osgood,  Mcllvaine  &  Co.),  is  a  little  puzzling. 
Mr.  Julian  Ralph  travelled  in  China,  but  not 
alone,  and  it  is  impossible  to  find  in  the  stories 
which  he  appends  to  his  personal   adventures 
any  one  so  solitary  as  to  answer  the  description 
on  the  title-page.     But  the  nearest  approach  is 
probably  the  heroine  of  the  first  story.     This 
lady  was  an  American  heiress  who  fell  in  love 
with   a   member   of    the    Chinese    Legation   at 
Washington,  and,  in  spite  of  her  father's  pro- 
tests, insisted  on  marrying  the  wily  Oriental. 
The  story  is  not  a  pleasant  one,  and  the  author 
describes  the  bride  as  submitting  to  indignities 
which   it  is   difficult  o  imagine  any  American 
lady  would  endure  for  a  moment.    On  the  voyage 
out  she  discovered  that  her  husband  was  bring- 
ing with  him  a    Frenchwoman    as    his    second 
wife,  and  though  holding  aloof  from  this  very 
inconvenient  fellow  traveller,  she  failed  to  make 
the  protests  which  might  have  been  expected 
of  her.     The  same  relations  between  the  three 
were  continued  in  China,  and  after  many  vicissi- 
tudes and  one  attempt  to  run  away,  the  Ame- 
rican wife  settled  down  in  her  Chinese  home, 
and  became  essentially  Chinese.     There   is   an 
unreality  about  the  story  which  detracts  from 
its  interest,  and  it  is  humiliating  even  to  be  told 
of  a  Western  lady  submitting  to  form  one  of 
such  a  conglomerate  household  as  that  of  Mr. 
Tieh.     The  first  portion  of  the  work  contains 
an  interesting  and  well-written  account  of  the 
author's  experiences  in  China.     Together  with 
Mr.  Weldon  he  engaged  a  houseboat,  and  made 
a  number  of   expeditions  on  the  rivers  of  the 
central   provinces.       He   was    evidently   deter- 
mined to  look  on  the  bright  side  of  everything 
in  China  ;    the  scenery  of  the  plains  was  in  his 
eyes  delightful,  the  villages  were  charming,  the 
people    good-natured    and    obliging,    and    the 
dinners   cooked   for   him   by   his   Chinese   chef 
were  equal  to  anything  to  be  got  at  the  Trois 
Frercs.     This   is  the  spirit   in  which    he    took 
up  his  pen  ;   but  the  stern   realities  interfered 
considerably  with    these   roseate     ,'iews.      He 
found    that    the    people    everywhere     "either 
frowned  or  grinned  at "  him,  that  the  beggars 
were    supreme    in   their   impudence,    that  most 
people    tried    to  cheat   him,   and   that   he    was 
unable  to  believe  a  single  word  spoken  by  his 
attendant.    But  in  spite  of  these  inconsistencies, 
his  account  of  his  voyages  is  pleasantly  written, 
and  with  the   exception  of   some  Transatlantic 
expressions,  the  literary  style  is  all   that   could 
be  desired.      His  description  of  Mr.   Weldon, 
after  having  stumbled  on  a  dead  man,  as  going 
"about    all    the    rest     of     the    day     with     his 
entire  complexion  turned  inside  out,"  is  neither 
graphic    nor  amusing  :    and  the   use   of   such    a 

word  as  "brainiest*'  for  cleverest  is  certainly 
not  to  be  commended.  The  stories  in  the  later 
pari  of  the  volume,  more  especially  the  fairy 

tales,  are  characteristic  and  well  told,  and  the 
work  throughout  is  admirably  illustrated  by 
Mr.  Weldon. 


IS 


tup:   athenaeum 


N°3G11,  Jan.  9,  '97 


Wit,  U'istlcm,  and  Fully (Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
lias  l)o»n  sint  to  us  in  two  bindings.  The  title 
of  Mr.  J.  V.  Marmery's  volume  had  rather  led 
us  to  expect  some  brilliant  latter-day  epigram! 
or  another  Nietzsche  ;  but  the  author  has  merely 
collected  a  series  of  ana,  many  of  which  are 
good  reading,  and  retold  them  with  local  colour 
(warranted  to  be  wholesome) or  a  reflective  back- 
ground. This  rather  spoils  their  point,  and 
gives  the  book  the  tone  of  'The  World  of  Moral 
and  Religious  Anecdote.' 

The  OivMscti ion  of  our  Day  (Sampson  Low), 
edited  by  J.  Samuelson,  is  a  series  of  essays  by 
"expert  writers"  on  the  great  advances  in  culture 
of  all  sorts  achieved  by  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  subject  is  a  very  large  one,  and  the  present 
volume,  although  writers  of  undoubted  authority 
contribute  to  it,  suffers  from  compression  of 
space.  Some  of  the  unsigned  articles  seem 
hardly  up  to  the  standard  of  expert  knowledge  ; 
others  of  considerable  interest  scarcely  cover  the 
proposed  subject ;  e.  g.,  the  essay  entitled  '  The 
Dawn  of  Reason  in  Religion  '  is  chiefly  occupied 
by  the  story  of  the  publication  of  the  Vedas 
and  the  Parliament  of  Religions  at  Chicago. 
The  maps  and  statistics  appended  are  striking. 

Messrs.  Kegan  Paul  &  Co.  have  published 
a  new  edition  of  The  Silence  of  Dean  Maitland, 
with  illustrations  by  Mr.  Hamilton  Jackson. 
— Miss  Edgeworth's  Belinda  has  been  added 
by  Messrs.  Macmillan  to  their  "  Illustrated 
Standard  Novels."  The  brief  introduction  by 
Mrs.  Thackeray  Ritchie  is  pleasant  reading,  and 
Miss  Chris  Hammond's  illustrationsareexcellent. 
— Messrs.  Routledge  have  issued  yet  another 
volume  of  their  edition  of  Marryat's  novels,  con- 
taining The  Pirate  and  Tlxe  Three  Cutters.  Mr. 
Courtney  supplies  a  sensible  introduction. 

Messrs.  Gibbings  &  Co.  have  reissued  The 
Pilgrims  Progress,  with  C.  H.  Bennett's  illus- 
trations. —  Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  have 
certainly  done  a  marvellous  feat  in  publishing 
The  Pickivick  Papers  and  Martin  Chuzzlewit, 
well  bound  in  cloth,  at  a  shilling  each. 

That  excellent  periodical  the  Journal  of 
Education  (Rice)  has  reached  its  eighteenth 
volume,  and  does  Mr.  Storr  credit  by  the  know- 
ledge and  good  sense  it  displays. 

Messrs.  McCorquodale  &  Co.  have  sent  us 
The  Railway  Diary  for  1897. 

We  have  received  the  catalogues  of  Mr. 
Baker  (ecclesiastical),  Mr.  Higham,  and  Mr. 
Hollings  (good).  We  have  also  a  catalogue 
from  Mr.  Downing  and  Mr.  Thistlewood  of 
Birmingham,  Messrs.  Bright  of  Bournemouth, 
Messrs.  Deighton  &  Bell  of  Cambridge  (good), 
two  catalogues  from  Mr.  Clay  (general  and 
chemical  works)  and  one  from  Mr.  Thin  of 
Edinburgh,  Mr.  Milligan  of  Leeds,  and  Mr. 
Ward  of  Richmond  (engravings  and  books, 
good).  Mr.  Rosenthal  has  sent  us  a  catalogue 
of  rare  books  from  Munich,  and  Mr.  Hoepli  of 
Milan  an  elaborate  book-catalogue  of  his  pub- 
lications. 

We  have  on  our  table  A  Hero  of  the  Dark 
Continent,  Memoir  of  Rev.  William  Affleck  Scott, 
by  \V.  H.  Rankine  (Blackwood), — The  Golden 
Readers,  Standard  1.  (Moffatt  <fc  Paige), — 
Elementary  Solid  Geometry  a>ul  Mensuration, 
by  H.  D.  Thompson  (Macmillan),— The  X  Ray, 
or  Photography  of  the  Invisible,  by  W.  J.  Morton 
and  E.  W.  Hammer  (Simpkin), — Auto-Cars,  by 
D.  Farman,  translated  from  the  French  by  L. 
Serraillier(Whittaker), — The  Earth  and  its  Story, 
by  A.  Heilprin  (Gay  &  Bird),  — "  Carriages 
without  Horses  Shall  Go,"  by  A.  R.  Sennett 
(Whittaker),  —  Transactions  oj  the  Royal  His- 
torical  Society,  New  Series,  Vol.  X.  (Longmans), 
— A  Text-Book  of  Nursing,  by  C.  S.  Weeks- 
Shaw,  edited  by  W.  J.  Radford  (Arnold),  —  The 
Crystal  City  under  the  Sea,  translated  from  the 
French  of  A.  Laurie  by  L.  A.  Smith  (Low), — 
When  Arnold  Comes  Home,  by  Mary  E.  Mann 
(Henry), — The  Piebald  Horse,  and  other  Stories, 
by  A.  Burrell  (Fisher  L'nwin), — Immensee,  from 


the  German   of  T.  Storm  (Glasgow,  GowanR  & 
(!ray),  —  The  Haunted   Manor  House,  and  oilier 
Tahs,    by    Author    of     'A    Plight    to    Florida' 
(Skt -llington), —  King    for    a    Summer,     by     K. 
Pickering    (Hutchinson),  —  Her    Foreign     Con- 
quest, by  R.  II.  Savage  (Routledge), — A    Croon 
of     Gold,     by    A.    Hardy    (Digby    &    Long), — 
When    Hearts   are    Young,    by    Deas   Cromarty 
(Bowden),  —  The     1'irate     Junk,     by     J.     C. 
Hutcheson     (F.     V.      White),  —  The      Farrell 
Dishonour,  or  Fabian's  Folly,  by  E.  M.  Pledge 
(Jarrold), —  The  Children's  Hour,  edited  by  May 
Bateman  (Simpkin),  —  Through  their  Spectacles, 
by  C.  Lockhart-Gordon  (Jarrold), —  The  Luckiest 
Man  in  the  World,  by  Mary  Albert  (Simpkin), 
— Daisies  of  the  Dawn,   by  L.   Cranmer-Byng 
(Roxburghe  Press), — Margaret  and  Margarites, 
by  C.  S.  Dickins  (Low),— The  Perfect  Whole,  by 
H.  W.  Dresser  (Gay  &  Bird),  —  Three  Dialogues 
on  Pulpit  Eloquence,  by  M.  Fenelon,  translated 
by  the  late  S.  J.  Eales  (Baker), — Die  Grabschrift 
des  Aberkios  erkldrt,   by  A.  Dieter ich  (Leipzig, 
Teubner), — and  Histoire  de  la  Litterature  Ita- 
lienne:  les  Premiers  Siecles:  Dante  et  ses  Precnr- 
seurs,  by  T.  Zanardelli   (Saint  Gilles,  Brussels, 
Dekonink).     Among    New   Editions    we    have 
Comedies  of  Courtship,  by  Anthony  Hope(Innes), 
— The  Adventures  of  Three  Englishmen  and  Three 
Russians  in  South  Africa,  by  Jules  Verne  (Low), 
— Fables  and  Fabulists,  Ancient  and  Modern,  by 
T.  Newbigging  (Stock), — The  Tyrants  of  Kool- 
Sim,   by   J.    M.   Cobban   (Henry), — The    Castle 
Builders,  by  C.  M.  Yonge  (Innes), — The  Power 
of  Silence,  by  H.  W.  Dresser  (Gay  &  Bird), — 
and  The  Attitude  of  the  Church  to  some  of  the 
Social  Problems  of  Town  Life,  by  the  Rev.  W. 
Moore  Ede  (Cambridge,  University  Press). 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Frere's  (W.  H.)  The  Marian  Reaction  in  its  Relation  to  the 

English  Clergy,  12mo.  3/6  cl. 
Mortimer's  (Rev.  A.  G.)  Catholic  Faith  and  Practice,  7/6  cl. 
Sacramentarium  Leonianum,  edited,  with  Notes,  by  Rev. 

C.  L.  Feltoe,  8vo.  12/6  net. 

Law. 
Annual  County  Courts  Practice,  edited  by  W.  C.  Smyly, 

2  vols.  8vo.  25/  cl. 

Fine  Art. 
Brown's  (C.)  The  Horse  in  Art  and  Nature,  Part  2,  2/6  cl. 
Nude    in    Art,    45  Photogravures,    with    Introduction    by 

C.  Lausing,  folio,  84/ net. 
South   Kensington    Museum    Art  Handbooks :    Ironwork, 

Part  2,  by  J.  S.  Gardner,  cr.  8vo.  3/  cl. 
Swanne!l'8  (M.)  Black-Board  Drawing,  4to.  3/6  swd. 

Poetry. 
Arnold's  (Matthew)  Poems,  selected  by  G.  C.  Macaulay.  2/6 
Austin's  (A.)    The  Conversion  of  Winckelmann,  and  other 

Poems,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Smith's  (F.)  A  Chest  of  Viols,  and  other  Verses,  3/6  net. 

History  and  Biography. 
Bewe's  (\V.  A.)  jChureb  Briefs,  or  Royal  Warrants  for  Col- 
lections for  Charitable  Objects,  8vo.  18/  net. 
Braithwaite,  Martha,  Record  of  the  Life  of  (Loving  Service), 

by  E.  B.  Emmott,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Curtis's  (W.)  A  Short  History  and  Description  of  the  Town 

of  Alton,  hvo.  6/  net. 
Fenelon's  Life,  History  of,  by  A.  M.  Ramsay,  trans,   from 
French  Edition  of  1723  by  D.  Cuthbert6on,  ljmo.  7/6  cl. 
Holm's  (A.)  History  of  Greece,  Vol.  3,  8vo.  6/  net. 
Lang's   (A.)   Pickle,  the  Spy,   or  the  Incognito  of  Prince 

Charles,  8vo   18/  cl. 
Larchey's  (L  )  Narrative  of  Capt.  Coignet,  Soldier  of  the 

Empire,  trans,  by  Mrs.  M.  Carey,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Roberts's  (Field-Marshal  Lord)    Forty-one  Years  in  India, 

2  vols.  Kvo.  36/  cl. 
Soldene's  (E  )  My  Theatrical  and  Musical  Recollections,  10/6 
Tha^ker'a  ( A.)  Narrative  of  my  Experience  as  a  Volunteer 
Nurse  in  the  Franco-German  War,  8vo.  3/6  Cl. 
Geography  and  Travel. 
Historical  Atlas  of  Modern  Europe,  Part  3,  folio,  3/6  net. 

Science. 
O'Donahue's  (T.  A  )  Colliery  Surveying,  a  Primer  for  Use  of 

Si  udents,  cr.  8vo.  2,6  cl. 
Perkin(W.  H.)  and  Lean's  (B.)  Introduction  to  the  Study 

of  *  hemistry,  12mo.  2/6  cl. 
Scholey's  (H.)  Electric  Tramways  and  Railways  Popularly 

Explained,  8vo.  2/ swd. 
SeyfiVi   lis  (A.)  The  Sheep,  its   External  and  Internal   Or- 
ganisation, 4lo.  3,6  bds. 

Thilology. 
Cambridge  Milton  for  Schools  :  Paradise.  lost.  Books  0-10, 

wilh   Introduction.  &.C.,  by  A.  W.  Verity.  K'mo.  2/cl. 
Lessing's  Minna  von  Barnhelra,  edited  by  Rev.  C.  Meek,  2  6 
Malory's    I.e   Morte  d'Arthur,   Selections   from,   edited   by 
A.  T.  Martin,  cr.  8vo.  2  6  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Cross's  (M.  B.)  Blind  Bats,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Devlin's  (T.  C  )  Municipal  Reform  in  the  United  States,  3/6 
Emerson's  (P.  H.)  Oadba,  the  Guerilla  Chief,  a  Real  Romauce 
ol  the  Cuban  Rebellion,  cr.  8vo.  6/ cl. 


Harland  (M  )  nnd  Herrlck's  (C.  T.j  The  National  Cook  Book. 

IT.    ■ 

.Morrison's    (W.    D.)    Juvenile    Offenders,    cr.    8vo.    6/   c*. 

(Criminology  Series.) 
Mortimer's  (Sim.)  Olijt-ct  L<-s»on  Notes  for  Infants  and  tbo 

Lower  Standards,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Peel's  (8ft  K)  A  Bit  of  a  Pool,  cr.  Mo.  6/  cl. 
Hoy's  (K.)  Tales  of  an  Engineer,  being  r'acls  and  Fancies  of 

Railway  Life,  cr.  8TO.  2  6  cl. 
Siz«r's  (K.T.)  Alvs  of  Lutterworth,  cr.  8vo.  2/cl. 
Smith's  (E.  B  ;  My  Village,  cr.  8vo.  6,  cl. 

FOREIGN. 
hrama. 
Meilhac  (H.)  :  Ma  Cousine,  2fr. 

Hxitory  and  Biography. 
Journal  du  Marechal  de  Castellane.  Vol.  5,  18.S3-62,  7fr.  50. 
Li  v.  off  (G.)  :  Michel  Katkoff  et  son  Epoque.  3fr.  50. 

General  Literature. 
Content  (V.)  :  Une  Spoliation.  3fr.  60. 
France  (A.) :  Ditcours  de  Reception,  lfr.;  L'Orme  du  Mail, 

.iir.  CO. 
Not  (M.)  :  L'Assaut,  3fr.  50. 


INDIAN   PROBLEMS. 

Ashcroft,  Petertfield.  Dec.  28,  1896. 

Will  you  allow  me  to  point  out  that  in  your 
review  of  my  third  Indian  problem  '  Backwards 
or  Forwards?'  you  misstate  my  views  with 
regard  to  India's  real  scientific  frontier  ?  The 
three  problems  must  be  taken  as  a  whole,  and 
in  the  first  I  have  laid  down  a  plan  for  the 
defence  of  the  North-West  Frontier  which  in- 
cludes all  the  places  which  you  accuse  me  of 
wishing  to  abandon. 

I  must  also  ask  leave  to  support  my  opinion 
that  Russia  would  not  dare  to  weaken  her  hold 
on  the  Caucasus  in  time  of  war,  in  opposition  to 
your  view  that  that  province  must  be  regarded 
as  a  bulwark  of  her  empire,  by  reminding  you 
that,  in  consequence  of  its  disturbed  state,  its 
garrison  has  quite  recently  been  increased  by 
over  18,000  men. 

Neither  can  I  be  shaken  in  my  belief  that 
Tiflis  is  the  natural  base  of  an  expedition  having 
India  for  its  object  by  your  remark  that  it 
would  have  the  Caspian  between  it  and  India, 
for  this  is  equally  true  of  Astrakhan  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Volga,  where  troops  and  stores 
would  have  to  be  transhipped  into  sea-going 
vessels,  the  Volga  itself  being  always  closed  in 
winter  by  ice.  That  the  Caucasus  has  been  the 
base  of  all  expeditions  into  Transcaspia,  and 
that  the  latter  province  is  garrisoned  from  the 
former,  is  in  itself  a  proof  that  the  Caucasus  is 
the  true  base  for  a  force  advancing  through 
Transcaspia  on  Afghanistan  and  India. 

Neither  am  I  childishly  ill  -  informed  as  to 
the  recent  increase  in  the  military  strength  of 
Russia,  and  if  I  laid  no  stress  upon  it,  that  was 
because  it  has  no  bearing  on  the  invasion  of 
India,  since  so  long  as  it  is  impossible  to  move 
and  feed  more  than  30,000  or  40,000  men  in 
Transcaspia  or  Afghanistan,  it  can  be  of  no  con- 
sequence to  India  whether  the  whole  Russian 
army  numbers  one  million  or  two  million  men  ; 
and  until  the  climate  and  general  character  of 
those  countries  are  transformed,  that  limit  will 
remain  unchanged  and  unchangeable.  Had  you 
consulted  any  military  man  of  experience,  he 
would  have  told  you  that  if  the  Indian  army 
had  been  doubled  in  1878-80,  the  Government 
could  not  have  put  a  larger  force  into  Afghan- 
istan than  the  60,000  men  which,  for  a  short 
time,  it  succeeded  in  maintaining  in  that 
country,  where  Russia's  difficulties  in  the 
matter  of  transport  and  supply  would  far 
exceed  ours. 

Finally,  I  must  dissent  in  the  strongest 
manner  from  your  contention  that  "  if  our  com- 
mand of  the  sea  is  complete,  the  whole  of  the 
regular  troops  of  the  country  could  probably  be 
employed  to  greater  advantage  in  India  than 
elsewhere."  Do  you  really  believe  that  the 
superiority  of  the  British  fleet  to  that  of  all 
antagonists  could  ever  be  rendered  so  pro- 
nounced, so  raised  above  the  influence  of 
chance  and  change,  that  a  British  Government 
would  dare  to  propose  to  a  British  Commander- 
in-Chief  to  trust  entirely  to  the  navy  and  the 
reserve  forces  for  the  security  of  these  islands  1 
If  this  be  so,  then  the  last  word  of  the  forward 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


49 


policy  has  been  spoken.  I  knew  that  there 
were  men  in  India  who  contemplated  locating 
the  whole  Indian  army  beyond  the  Indus,  but 
I  never  dreamed  that  there  were  men  at  home 
who  were  anxious  to  transport  the  whole  British 
army  to  India.  The  discovery,  however,  is  not 
altogether  unpleasant  to  me,  since  I  cannot  help 
hoping  that  this  latest  revelation  of  the  lengths 
to  which  the  supporters  of  the  forward  policy 
are  prepared  to  carry  it  will  help  to  open  men's 
eyes  to  its  inherent  and  dangerous  folly. 

H.  B.  Hanna,  Colonel. 

*».*  We  fear  that  Col.  Hanna  is  even  more 
prehistoric  in  his  opinions  than  we  supposed ; 
but  we  should  have  to  repeat  our  long  review 
in  order  to  prove  our  case  point  by  point,  and 
even  then  he  would  not  be  convinced. 


THE   BOOK  SALES   OF   1896. 
I. 
The  usual    method    of  ascertaining  the  pre- 
sumed state  of  the  book  market  at  any  period 
of  time  has,  for  some  years  past,  been  to  com- 
pile statistics  and  strike  a  series  of   averages, 
and  though  this  system  is  open  to  serious  objec- 
tion,  it  has,    on    the    whole,    a  preponderance 
of   convenience  in  its  favour.      That   it  is  not 
wholly    satisfactory    becomes,    however,    clear 
enough  when    the  principle  is  brought  to  its 
logical  conclusion  ;  for  the  real  object  in  these 
cases  should  not  be  so  much   to  ascertain  the 
value   in  pounds,  shillings,   and   pence  of    the 
books  sold,  as  to  estimate  their  intrinsic  im- 
portance,  and  it  unfortunately  often   happens 
that  large  and  scholarly  collections  are  sold  for 
sums  which  tend  to  reduce  the  average  rather 
than    to    increase  it.     For  instance,   let  it  be 
granted  that  the  portion  of  the  library  of  Mr. 
William  Stuart  dispersed  on  March  6th,  1895, 
shows  the  highest  recorded    average,  which    I 
believe  to  be  the  case ;  it  must  also  be  admitted 
that  the  215  books,  though  they   did   sell    for 
4,2972.,  or  about  202.  per  volume,  were  not   as 
a  whole  of   the   same   importance   as,    for  ex- 
ample,   those   belonging   to    the    Syston  Park 
Library,     where      the      average      works      out 
at     about     142.,     or     as     those    forming     the 
Beckford    Collection,    where    it    reached    less 
than    82.       The    Stuart    Sale    was     altogether 
exceptional  in  that  four    manuscripts    realized 
1,7002.,  and    six   printed   volumes    more    than 
1,0002.,  thus  accounting  for  more  than  half  the 
total  sum  obtained,  and  raising  the  average  of 
the   whole    year  to    the  extent  of    nearly  two 
shillings.     The  result  of  the  sales  of  1896  also 
illustrates  the  unsoundness  of  the  doctrine  of 
averages  in  a  remarkable    manner.     We    find 
that   during    the   year    47,268    lots    of    books 
yielded  80,1112.  and  some  odd   shillings,  giving 
an  altogether  unusual  average  of  12.  13s.  10c/., 
the  figures  for  1893  being  12.  6s.  7c2.,  for  1894 
12.  8s.  bd.,  and  for  1895  12.  lis.  U.     In  1895, 
as  we    have    seen,  a  small  sale  increased  the 
average  on    more  than  47,000  lots    by  nearly 
two  shillings,  and  in    1896  two  volumes  only 
raised  it  by  as  much  as  Is.  2c2.  on  about  the 
same  numerical  basis.    These  volumes  consisted 
of    copies    of    the    first    edition   of    Chaucer's 
'Canterbury    Tales,'  which,    though    more    or 
less     imperfect     in    each     instance,    produced 
2,9002.,  thus  utterly  upsetting  any  calculation 
that  can  be  made  from  the  reports  of  the  year's 
sales.     Perhaps  if  a  series  of  fifty  years  were 
taken  and  calculations  made  from    the   results 
obtained  during  that  period  the  outcome  might 
bo  more  satisfactory,  though  even  this  may  well 
bo  doubted,  for  some  books  are  worth  more  at 
one  time  than  another,  and  half  a  century  will 
make  or  mar  the  reputation  of  all  authors  save 
the  very  few.     I  still  hold  to  the  old-fashioned 
belief  that  the  author  makes  the  book,  and  that, 
irrespective  altogether  of  the  nature  of  the  con- 
tents, he  and   it  together  will  be  tried  not  by 
contemporary  critics,  whose  praise  or  blame  is 
worthless  except  for  the  hour,  but  by  time.    For 
this  reason  alone  (and  there  are  others)  a  lengthy 


calculation  is  as  unsatisfactory  as  a  short  one, 
and  the  only  conclusion  that  can  be  arrived  at  is 
that  it  is  just  as  possible  to  ascertain  the  present 
state  of  the  book  market  by  an  appeal  to  past 
traditions  as  it  is  to  prophesy  what  position  it 
will  hold  in  the  future.  Statistics  are  worth 
what  any  individual  chooses  or  is  able  to 
make  of  them,  and  the  tendency  is  to  "argue 
round  about,"  and  to  end  in  committing  one- 
self to  nothing  except  the  approximate  accuracy 
of  the  figures.  These,  as  gathered  from  four 
years'  records,  are  thus  tabulated  in  the  new 
volume  of  '  Book-Prices  Current' : — 

Lots  of  Books.  Realized.  Average. 

1893...     49,671     ...     66,4702.     ...  12.    6s.    Id. 
1894...     51,108     ...     72,4722.     ...  12.    8s.    5d. 
1895...     45,431     ...     71,2292.     ...12.11s.    4d. 
1896...     47,268     ...     80,1112.     ...  12.  13s.  IOcZ. 
The   year  1896  was   productive  of  sixty-one 
first-class   sales.      During    the    earlier  months 
prices  ruled  low,  and  it  was  not  until  the  open- 
ing of  the  season  in  October  that  they  really  re- 
covered themselves,  a  circumstance  very  difficult 
to  account  for,  since  books  seem  to  sell,  as  a  rule, 
best  in  June  and  July.     Another,  and  far  more 
important  fact,  has    reference   to    the   marked 
change  in  fashion  which  many  of  these  sales  dis- 
close.    Some  books  are  completely  beyond  the 
influence  of  this  capricious  mistress,  but  others 
are  not,  and  it  is  melancholy  to  have  to  relate 
that  early  editions  of  the  works  of  those  com- 
paratively modern  authors  who   once  appealed 
so  successfully  for  popular  favour  are  obviously 
in     a    decline.      Dickens,    Thackeray,    Lever, 
Albert    Smith,   Jefferies,    and    the    rest    have 
ceased  in  a  marked  degree,  not  to  interest,  for 
they  will  always  do  that,  but    to    excite  com- 
petition.    Should  any   work   by   one   of   these 
authors  belong  to  the  original  or  an  early  edi- 
tion, and  be  in  the  finest  possible  state,  then 
it  will,  as  heretofore,  command   its  full  price  ; 
but  the  ordinary  volume,  good  in  its  way,  but 
not  good  enough  to  excite  the  interest  of  fasti- 
dious and  rich  collectors,  has  fallen  on  evil  days. 
Now,  perhaps,  is  the  time  to  buy,  for  in  any 
case  books  of  this  class  must,  from  their  very 
nature,   eventually    rise    again.     The  "limited 
editions  "of  a  number  of  contemporary  poets 
and  essayists,  published  to  compete  with  those 
fashionable  books  which  only  a  comparatively 
few   collectors   could   afford    to    buy,   are   now 
ignored,    and    need   not    be    considered.     The 
favourite  and  ever-living  books  are  still  those 
time  -  tried    classics    of     our    own    and    other 
countries,   past  and  present,   which  celebrated 
printers  sent  forth  from  presses  that  creak  in 
their   primitive    way    no   more,  yet   did    their 
work    so  well  that  comparison    with    some    of 
our  modern    productions   were    odious    in    the 
extreme  ;  literature,  in  all  its  branches,  from 
the  hands  of  masters  living  and  dead  ;  books  of 
travel   which   opened    up    continents  we   have 
since  inherited  ;  books  which  describe  the  first 
gropings  in  the  dark  after  great  secrets,  now  as 
open    as    the   day  ;    works    of  artistic   or  anti- 
quarian   interest    of    acknowledged    position  ; 
books  of  history  compiled  from  documents  and 
other  sources  of   information,   which   are   now 
either  lost  to  us  or  could  not  be  traced  without 
extreme   labour  —  all   these   classes    of   books 
and  many  others  of    the  same  high  rank  may 
certainly  be  thought  even  more  of  in  the  days 
to  come  than  they  are  now,  but  can  never  be 
esteemed  less. 

The  first  sale  of  the  year  1896  was  held  by 
Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  on  January  8th. 
It  was  not  a  particularly  noticeable  dispersion, 
and  the  prices  realized  were,  on  the  whole, 
below  the  average.  A  complete  set  of  Be  A  van's 
'  Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Rolls  Court,'  36  vols., 
8vo.,  1837-66,  brought  20/.  10s.,  and  Dickens's 
'Memoirs  of  ( Jrimaldi,'  first  edition,  2  vols., 8 TO., 
1838,  32.  4s.  This  is  specially  mentioned  because 
it  illustrates  very  fairly  the  fall  that  has  taken 
place  in  the  case  of  books  of  the  kind.  The 
copy  was  in  the  original  cloth  and  clean,  and 
the  plate  of  '  The  Last  Song '  had  Crowquill's 


pantomimic  border.     A  couple  of  years  ago  it 
would  have  produced  about  52.  5s.,  and  might 
have  sold  for  more.     This  shows  a^  loss  of  about 
two-fifths   of   the   value,    which   on   other   and 
abundant  evidence  I  take  to  be  about  the  extent 
of  the  injury  inflicted  by  the  recent  change  in 
fashion  with  regard  to  all  books  of  this  kind 
which  have   not  something  highly  exceptional 
about     them.      On     January     14th      Messrs. 
Sotheby   sold   a   few   books    belonging   to   the 
late  Rev.  T.  R.  O'Flahertie,   among  them  Dr. 
Donne's  'LXXX.   Sermons,'  1640,  folio,  which 
once   belonged   to   Isaac  Walton,  and   had   his 
donative  incription  on  the  title,  "  For  my  de- 
serving and   moste   deare   Ante  Mrs.   Susanna 
Cranmer  from  her  dutifull  and  most  affectionate 
nephew."     This    sold   for   172.     On    the   same 
occasion  Ben  Jonson's  '  The  Masque  of  Queenes,' 
1609,  4to.,   brought  202.,  and  Morley's  'Plaine 
and  Easie  Introduction  to  Practical  Musicke,' 
1608,  was  sold  with  Douland's  '  Andreas  Orni- 
thoparcus,'  1609,  for   232.   10s.     Later    in    the 
same    month    130    volumes    of    the    Chetham 
Society's      publications      (first     series       com- 
plete,    with      index,     1844-86  ;     new      series, 
vols,     i.-xv.,     1883-88)     brought     172.      10s.- 
Dresser  and  Sharpe's  'Birds  of  Europe,' sixty 
parts  (should  be  one  hundred),  1871-77,  4to.r 
122.    15s.  ;    Dugdale's  '  Warwickshire,' 2  vols., 
folio,  1730,  152.  5s.  (old  calf)  ;  Milton's  '  Para- 
dise Lost,'  1667,  4to  ,  first  title-page,  with  the 
author's  name  in  italic  capitals,  902. ;    Smith 's- 
'  Catalogue    Raisonne','  9   parts,  1829-42,  8vo., 
202.    15s.  ;    and    an  imperfect   copy    of    Eliot's 
Indian  Bible,  printed  at  Cambridge  (Mass.)  in 
1685,   202.     Twenty  copies   of  this  work  were 
published  with  a  dedication  to  Charles  [I.,  and 
sent  to  England  as  presents.     One  of  these,  in 
its  contemporary  morocco  binding  with  rough 
leaves,  sold  for  5802.  on  the  dispersal  of   Lord 
Chancellor  Hardwicke's  library  in  June,  1888. 
The   scarcity  consists  in  the  dedication,  copies 
without  it  being  comparatively  common.     One 
of  these,  in  the  original  old  calf  binding,  sold 
for  822.   on  June  18th  last,    being    the  second 
and  last  that  appeared  in  the  sale-rooms  during 
the  year.  J.  H.  Slater. 


PROF.   MASPBRO'S   'STRUGGLE   OF  THE  NATIONS.' 

My  attention  has  just  been  drawn  to  the 
letter  of  Verax  in  your  issue  of  the  2nd  inst. 
As  the  translator,  Mrs.  McClure,  is  at  present 
in  the  south  of  France,  may  I  be  allowed,  in 
her  absence,  to  make  a  few  remarks  in  answer 
to  the  charges  of  Verax  ? 

1.  I  must  say  at  the  outset  that  the  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge  had  no- 
thing whatever  to  do  with  the  modification  of 
Prof.  Maspero's  diction  in  the  cases  cited  by 
Verax. 

2.  Mrs.  McClure,  who  is  alone  responsible 
for  the  modification  of  the  few  words  in  the 
original,  was  throughout  in  communication  with 
Prof.  Maspero,  without  whose  consent  she  did 
not  venture  to  qualify  any  expression  in  the 
text. 

3.  The  passages  cited  by  Verax  show  the 
nature  of  these  qualified  expressions.  The  chief 
charge  of  Verax  is  that  in  the  English  transla- 
tion "  the  narrative  says  "  is  substituted  for 
"tradition  related"  of  the  original,  or  that 
"  sacred  writings "  (a  term  used  by  Prof. 
Maspero  himself  elsewhere  in  the  volume)  is- 
used  for  "tradition"  pure  and  simple.  A 
further  point  is  the  cast  of  doubt  thrown  upon 
the  views  of  the  higher  critics  by  such  words  as 
"  some  critics  think  "  or  "  endeavour  to  show." 
Reuss,  Wellhausen,  Stade,  and  Budde  are  not 
yet,  even  in  the  eyes  of  theil  most  ardent 
admirers,  infallible,  and  the  qualification  of 
their  absolute  statements  by  such  words  as 
"think"  or  "endeavour  to  show"  is  neither 
treason  to  them  nor  to  Prof.  Maspero  who 
quotes  them.  At  any  rate,  the  translator  had 
Prof.  Maspero's  permission  to  make  these  quali- 
fications,  which  were  so   few  and   trifling  that 


50 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.K  r  M 


N  :;i;il.  Jaw  9,  ?97 


the  translator  did  not  think  it  oven  necessary  to 
mention  them  in  t  ho  preface. 

4.  Wli.it  then  are  we  to  think  of  Verax'a  rash 
assumption  that  Prof.  Masperos  text  has  in 
oertainpa  igee  bwnil  surreptitiously  tampered 
with  "  in  tlic  translation,  or  his  charge  of  "lite- 
rary bad  faith"  without  knowing  more  about 
the  circumstances  I  Is  this  assumption  in  keep- 
ing with  an  unprejudiced  mind,  and  in  har- 
mony with  I  lie  attitude  of  "the  higher  critie  "  i 

Edmund  McClueb,  Sec.  S.P.O.K. 


IJYRON  S  LETTERS. 

Muswell  Hill,  Jan.  4,  1897. 

Permit  me  to  protest  against  some  two  or 
three  inferences  in  your  review  of  the  first 
volume  of  that  edition  of  Byron  which  I  am 
preparing  for  Mr.  Heinemann. 

1.  To  begin  with,  there  is  "Mr.  Henley's 
obvious  hero-worship  for  Byron."  But  on  what 
in  this  first  volume  does  your  reviewer  ground 
his  assumption  that  I  "  hero-worship  "  any- 
body ?  In  Byron's  case  I  have  simply  recalled 
and  revived  certain  circumstances,  forgotten 
or  ignored,  which  tell  in  his  favour.  Your 
reviewer  may  call  this  "hero-worship."  Would 
not  it  be  better  described  as  "common 
honesty  "  ? 

2.  Again,  my  "Byron  worship  is  somewhat 
of  that  curious  strain  which  excludes  not  only 
Byron's  enemies,  but  his  opposites— as  Shelley." 
How  doss  your  reviewer  know  I  I  have  said 
no  word  in  this  first  volume  to  show  that  my 
"Byron  worship"  (supposing  it  to  exist)  "  ex- 
cludes Shelley."  When  I  come  to  deal  with 
that  master  lyrist  your  reviewer  may,  or  may 
not,  have  occasion  to  prefer  his  charge.  Till 
then  he  is  himself  his  sole  authority  ;  and  his 
assurance,  besides  being  distasteful  to  me,  is 
calculated  to  mislead  the  public. 

3.  Lastly,  my  quotation  of  Moore's  pasquil 
against  '  The  Living  Dog '  from  a  copy  in  the 
handwriting  of  Mrs.  Leigh  has  "tempted  Mr. 
Henley  into  the  inaccurate  subheading  '  Thomas 
Moore  to  Leigh  Hunt.'"  It  has  done  nothing 
of  the  kind.  The  "inaccurate  subheading"  is 
Mrs.  Leigh's,  not  mine.  It  seemed  to  me  sig- 
nificant that  this  gentle,  kindly,  charitable  lady 
should  be  at  the  pains,  not  only  of  transcribing 
so  savage  a  piece  of  satire  as  this  of  Moore's, 
but  also  of  adding  a  kind  of  commentary.  And 
I  thought  to  interest  readers  by  printing  it  as 
it  left  her  hand.  W.  E.  Henley. 

***  "  Hero-worship  "  expresses  our  meaning 
more  accurately  than  "  common  honesty  "  would 
have  done  ;  indeed,  the  latter  term  would  not 
have  been  apposite  ;  but  we  are  sorry  our  choice 
of  terms  is  distasteful  to  Mr.  Henley.  Shelley 
we  shall  be  delighted  to  see  dealt  with  in  some 
future  brilliant  vignette.  Of  course  the  in- 
accurate subheading  is  Mrs.  Leigh's,  and  we 
thought  that  its  caustic  quality  tempted  Mr. 
Henley  to  use  it,  inaccuracy  and  all.  It  seems 
that  was  the  case  ;  and  we  still  think  he  was 
hardly  well  advised. 


thi  Crimean  War  broke  out  he  returned  to  this 
country,  and  in  L866  be  published  '  Notes  of  a 
Nine  Years'  Residence  in  Russia,  i-ii  to  L863. 

He  was  for  a  .short  time  Librarian  of  the  Leeds 

Library,  and  was  appointed  in  1*.~>7  Secretary  and 
Librarian  of  the  London  Library,  in  succession 

to  Mr.  Bodham  Donne,  and  here  he  remained 
until  his  resignation  in  lH'.Ki. 

One  of  the  effects  of  the  Crimean  War  was 
to  injure  institutions  subscription  to  which 
was  considered  as  a  luxury,  and  the  London 
Library  suffered  among  others.  Mr.  Harrison 
found  it  much  crippled,  but  he  left  it  prosperous. 
He  had  a  liberal  share  of  the  many  qualities 
that  go  to  make  a  good  librarian.  He  was 
always  accessible,  and,  however  busy,  ready  to 
attend  to  the  inquiries  of  the  members.  To 
those  who  required  it  he  showed  pleasure  in 
supplying  help,  which  he  was  well  able  to  do,  as 
he  possessed  a  wide  knowledge  of  the  contents 
of  books,  and  an  extensive  acquaintance  with 
several  literatures.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Library  Association,  and  its 
treasurer  for  ten  years ;  he  was  a  constant 
attendant  at  the  meetings,  which  he  helped 
to  make  a  success  by  his  genial  temper 
and  ready  and  agreeable  speech.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  President,  and  he  presided  at  the 
Nottingham  meeting. 

He  was  a  fairly  strong  man,  but  he  suffered 
from  gout,  and  his  health  was  much  broken 
when  he  retired  from  the  office  he  had  filled  so 
long  with  honour  to  himself  and  advantage  to 
the  institution  he  served.  Besides  the  work 
already  noted  he  wrote  with  Mr.  Joseph  Gost- 
wick  '  Outlines  of  German  Literature,'  first  pub- 
lished in  1873  (second  edition,  1883).  He  edited 
Mackenzie's  '  Dictionary  of  Universal  Bio- 
graphy,' and  assisted  Capt.  Hozier  in  his 
account  of  the  Franco-Prussian  War.  Among 
much  other  literary  work  may  be  mentioned 
his  contributions  to  the  '  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography. ' 

His  long  service  at  the  London  Library 
brought  him  into  constant  association  with  most 
of  the  leading  literary  men  of  the  last  forty 
years,  and  his  experiences  would  have  furnished 
material  for  an  interesting  volume  of  reminis- 
cences, which  he  always  had  in  his  mind  to  com- 
pile. When,  however,  the  leisure  came  to  him 
his  strength  was  no  longer  equal  to  the  task. 
His  work  was  completed  before  he  passed  peace- 
ably away,  but  his  loss  will  long  be  felt  by 
numerous  friends,  who  will  cherish  his  memory 
with  feelings  of  affection  and  esteem. 


MR.  ROBERT  HARKISON. 
We  regret  to  announce  the  death  on  Monday, 
the  4th  inst.,  of  Mr.  Robert  Harrison,  late  Secre- 
tary and  Librarian  of  the  London  Library.  Mr. 
Harrison  was  born  in  Liverpool,  November  26th, 
1820.  His  father,  William  Harrison,  was  a 
member  of  a  good  Lancashire  family,  and  his 
mother  a  water-colour  painter  of  repute.  She 
was  an  original  member  of  the  New  Water- 
Colour  Society  (now  the  Royal  Institute  of 
Painters  in  Water  Colours),  and  two  of  his 
brothers  were  followers  of  the  same  art. 

He  began  life  as  an  assistant  to  the  Lite  Mr. 
Newman,  the  well-known  parliamentary  book- 
seller of  High  Holborn.  He  then  settled  for  a 
time  in  Russia,  where  he  acted  as  tutor  in 
Prince  Demidoff's  family  and  as  a  lecturer  in 
the  St.  Anne's  School  at  St.  Petersburg.  There, 
in  184G,  he  married  his  wife,  who  survives  him, 
and  who  went  out  from  England  to  him.    When 


the  end  of  each  year  than  when  we  had  only  L60 

members.     We  have  the  further  advantage  of 

a  fixed  income,  to  which  we  can  adjust  the 
expenses  of  our  publications,  and  our  balance 
sheet,  in  consequence,  is  always  satisfactory. 
To  meet  the  case  of  any  especially  desirable 
candidate  presenting  himself  when  there  is  no 
vacancy,  the  Council  is  empowered  to  elect  not 
more  than  16  candidate-members,  who  have  all 
the  rights  of  membership  except  that  of  holding 
office.  No  effort  is  made  to  fill  these  vacancies, 
and  one  of  them  is  therefore  always  available 
when  needed.  I  think  that  a  system  which 
secures  these  results  cannot  reasonably  be 
charged  with  "  absurdity,"  but  that,  on  the 
contrary,  it  is  one  which  other  societies  mi 
perhaps  do  well  to  consider. 

Alfred  W.  Pollard,  Hon.  Sec. 


THE   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  SOCIETY. 

13,  Cheniston  Gardens. 
Your  last  week's   issue,   which   contained   a 
very  kindly  notice  of  the  Transactions  of   the 
Bibliographical     Society,     contained     also,    in 
another  review,  an  allusion  to  the  "absurdity" 
committed  by  the  Society  in  limiting  the  number 
of  its  members.     As  I  was  mainly  responsible 
for  the  resolution  by  which  this  step  was  taken, 
may  I  say  two  words  in  its  defence  l     Every  one 
familiar  with  the  history  of  societies  knows  how 
greatly  they  sutler  from  the  person  of  transient 
enthusiasm,    who   becomes   a    member   only    to 
retire  at  the  end  of  a   twelvemonth,   thereby 
breaking   into   a   set   of   publications,   his    odd 
volumes  of  which  promptly  figure  in  a  dealer's 
catalogue  at  a  price  which  does  not  enhance  the 
Society's  credit.     The  only  safeguards  against 
this   nuisance   are   the   imposition   of  a   heavy 
entrance  fee,  which  would  exclude  many  highly 
desirable  members  along  with  the  undesirable 
ones,  or  else  the  adoption  of  some  such  rule  as 
our  own,  which  makes  readmission  sufficiently 
ditlicult  to  cause   members   to   hesitate   before 
lightly   resigning    their    privileges.       The    first 
effect  of  our  notice,  that  bookmen  must  make 
up  their  minds  whether  they  wished  to  join  us 
or  not,  was  nearly  to  double  our  numbers,  and 
now  that  the  roll  of  the  Society  is  permanently 
fixed  at  300,  we  have  far  fewer  vacancies  to  fill  at 


Uucran}  Gossip. 

The  second  volume  of  Mr.  S.  E.  Gardiner's 
history  of  the  Commonwealth  and  Protec- 
torate is  now  in  the  press  ;  it  will  bri'ig  the 
story  down  to  the  summer  of  16.34.  Mr. 
Gardiner  is  also  preparing  for  publication  a 
monograph,  on  '  Cromwell's  Place  in  His- 
tory,' giving  the  substance  of  six  lectures  de- 
livered at  Oxford  as  Ford's  Lecturer,  1896. 

The  Committee  of  the  London  Library 
propose  to  pay  o if  the  debentures  of  12,500?. 
now  due,  and  to  carry  into  effect  the  scheme 
of  reconstruction  of  the  society's  premises 
authorized  by  the  general  meetings  held  in 
1895  and  1896.  For  this  purpose  they  in- 
tend to  issue  debenture  stock,  bearing  in- 
terest at  the  rate  of  3k  per  cent,  per  annum, 
and  redeemable  by  annual  drawings,  com- 
mencing in  thej-ear  1899.  Proposals  to  this 
effect  will  be  submitted  to  the  general  meet- 
ing to  be  held  on  the  afternoon  of  Thursday 
next. 

Mr.  Coventry  Patmore  died  just  six 
weeks  ago — namely,  on  Thursday,  the  26th 
of  November.  In  illustration  of  the  small 
interest  which  colonial  society  takes  in  con- 
temporary literary  annals,  a  correspondent 
sends  us  an  extract  from  a  private  letter 
received  last  Monday  from  Cape  Town  :  — 

"I  am  very  sorry  to  hear  of  Mr.  Patmore's 
death.  Your  letter  was  the  first  intimation  we 
received  out  here.  The  Agencies  will  cable  if 
some  moneyed  Jew  buys  a  house  in  Park  Lane 
— but — phew  !  " 

Yet  one  would  have  thought  the  death  of 
him  who  wrote  'The  Angel  in  the  House' 
would  have  been  telegraphed  to  the  colonial 
capitals  of  the  Empire. 

Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  will  publish 
immediately  in  this  country  a  collection  of 
the  outdoor  papers  of  Mr.  John  Burroughs, 
a  writer  who  has  a  high  reputation  in  the 
United  States,  entitled  'A  Year  in  the 
Fields.'  The  essays  are  illustrated  by 
twenty  half-tone  pictures  by  Mr.  Clifton 
Johnson,  who  made  several  visits  to  Mr. 
Burroughs' s  home  on  the  Hudson  and  to 
the  home  of  his  boyhood  in  the  Catskills 
to  obtain  them. 

The  Lord  Mayor  has  consented  to  preside 
at  the  next  anniversary  dinner  of  the  Printers' 
Pension,  Almshouse,  and  Orphan  Asylum 
Corporation,  which  has  been  fixed  to  take 
place  on  Tuesday,  April  6th,  at  the  Hotel 
Metropole. 

Mr.  George  Gissixg's  new  novel  '  The 
Whirlpool '  will  be  published  in  the  spring 
by  Messrs.  Lawrence  &  Bullen. 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


51 


The  Duke  of  Norfolk  has  given  the  wags 
a  chance  to  bring  out  once  more  the  well- 
worn  joke  about  "men  of  letters"  in  the 
Post  Office.  In  choosing  from  his  staff  the 
members  of  the  British  delegation  to  attend 
the  Congress  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union 
to  be  held  next  May  at  "Washington,  he  has 
fixed  upon  three  Post  Office  men  who  are  in 
both  senses  "men  of  letters."  These  are 
Mr.  Spencer  Walpole,  who,  besides  being 
Secretary  of  the  Post  Office,  has  a  well- 
recognized  place  as  an  historian,  biographer, 
and  critic ;  Mr.  Buxton  Forman,  Assistant 
Secretary  and  Controller  of  Packet  Services, 
who  has  edited  the  works  of  Shelley  and 
Keats  in  season  and  out  of  season ;  and 
Mr.  A.  B.  Walkley,  whose  contributions  to 
dramatic  criticism  are  well  known.  It  is 
no  secret  that  there  are  many  voluminous 
files  of  papers  in  the  archives  of  the  Post 
Office  in  which  the  student  of  the  future 
may  find  his  dry-as-dust  task  considerably 
lightened  by  the  results  of  Mr.  Walkley's 
application  of  his  talents  to  some  of  the 
higher  work  connected  with  postal  ad- 
ministration. 

"With  reference  to  the  statement  recently 
made  in  a  daily  paper,  that  the  offer  of  the 
Committee  of  the  Gibbon  Commemoration 
(1894)  to  defray  the  cost  of  a  memorial 
tablet  to  the  historian  in  the  chapel  of 
Magdalen  College  had  been  finally  declined 
by  the  President  and  Fellows,  we  are  autho- 
rized to  state  that  the  Committee  have  re- 
solved to  expend  the  subscriptions  remain- 
ing in  their  hands  by  presenting  to  each  of 
the  subscribers  a  copy  of  the  historian's 
'  Autobiography  '  (which  will  shortly  be 
edited  and  published  by  Mr.  John  Murray) 
as  a  memento  of  the  commemoration. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Keaxe  writes  : — 

"In  your  notice  of  Mr.  Theal's  book  on 
'  The  Portuguese  in  South  Africa  '  (Athemetim, 
December  26th,  181)6)  reference  is  made  to  the 
author's  statement  that  Monomotapa  is  the  name, 
not  of  a  country,  but  of  a  paramount  chief. 
Would  you  kindly  allow  me  to  point  out  that 
five  years  before  the  appearance  of  this  work 
I  was  able  to  show,  on  documentary  evidence, 
that  '  Monomotapa  was  not  a  principality,  but 
a  prince — not  an  empire,  but  an  emperor,'  &c.  ? 
(Monograph  on  '  The  Portuguese  in  South 
Africa'  in  Mr.  R.  W.  Murray's  'South  Africa,' 
Stanford,  1891.)" 

The  knighthood  conferred  on  Dr.  J.  T. 
Gilbert  has  been  well  bestowed,  as  no  one  else 
among  living  antiquaries  has  done  so  much 
to  elucidate  the  annals  of  Ireland  from  the 
Norman  Conquest  down  to  the  Restoration. 
Among  his  contributions  to  historical 
research  are  his  '  History  of  the  City  of 
Dublin,'  in  three  volumes ;  his  '  History 
of  the  Viceroys  of  Ireland,  1 172-1509  ' ;  the 
'  Historical  and  Municipal  Documents  of 
Ireland,  1172-1320,'  and  'National  Manu- 
scripts of  Ireland,'  5  vols.,  large  folio 
(coloured  plates) ;  his  '  History  of  Affairs 
in  Ireland,  1641-52,'  six  parts,  1879-81  ;  and 
his  '  History  of  the  Irish  Confederation  and 
the  War  in  Ireland,  1641-49.'  Besides  he 
has  edited  the  chartularies  of  St.  Mary's 
Abbey  at  Dublin  and  Dunbrody ;  the  re- 
gister of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Thomas,  Dublin  ; 
and  the  Calendar  of  Ancient  Records  of 
Dublin. 

A  DECLARATION  identical  in  most  or  all 
respects  with  that  which  was  signed  by  the 
Irish  Roman  Catholic  laity,  demanding  the 


establishment  by  the  State  of  a  new  uni- 
versity on  denominational  lines,  has  been 
prepared  for  presentation  to  the  Govern- 
ment. It  is  signed  by  about  twelve  peers, 
three  judges  of  the  High  Court,  seventy- 
two  members  of  Parliament,  and  consider- 
ably more  than  a  thousand  others.  We 
have  already  placed  on  record  the  signing 
of  a  similar  memorial  by  the  Roman 
Catholic  bishops. 

We  mentioned  some  time  ago  the  notable 
increase  of  endowments  at  Cambridge  during 
the  previous  twelve  months.  It  seems  that 
the  University  of  Edinburgh  was  enriched 
in  1896  by  gifts  amounting  to  close  upon 
25,000/.  The  annual  value  of  university 
scholarships,  bursaries,  and  prizes  is  15,630/. 

An  appeal  is  made  for  a  small  fund  in 
order  to  add  to  the  buildings  of  the 
Walthamstow  Grammar  School,  founded 
by  Sir  George  Monoux. 

Mr.  Jackson,  of  Leeds,  is  preparing  a 
volume  of  Sedbergh  School  songs  collected 
by  Mr.  R.  Ainslie,  one  of  the  masters  of  the 
school.  The  author  illustrates  it  with  sketches 
of  the  scenery  of  the  district. 

We  regret  to  hear  of  the  death  of  Miss 
Blackwood,  the  clever  daughter  of  "  Old 
Ebony,"  who  preserved  for  later  generations 
the  traditions  of  the  days  when  Wilson  and 
Lockhart  were  warring  against  the  world  in 
general,  and  the  Edinburgh  Whigs  in  par- 
ticular. 

TnE  decease  is  announced  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Guille,  the  founder  of  the  Guille  Library  at 
Guernsey. 

We  have  also  to  record  the  decease  of  the 
learned  Count  Mas-Latrie  at  an  advanced 
age.  He  published  his  '  Chronique  des 
Papes,  des  Conciles  Generaux,  et  des  Conciles 
de  France'  as  long  ago  as  1837,  and  he 
brought  out  his  valuable  '  Tresor  de  Chrono- 
logic, d'Histoire,  et  de  Geographie  du 
Moyen-;ige'  as  late  as  1889.  He  wrote  a 
history  of  Cyprus  under  the  house  of 
Lusignan  ;  he  published  a  continuation  down 
to  1837  of  Anquetil's  history  of  France,  a 
work  on  the  treaties  of  peace  between  the 
Mohammedans  of  Northern  Africa  and 
Christian  powers,  &c. 


SCIENCE 

Charles  Pritehard,  D.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Savilian 
Professor  of  Astronomy  in  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Memoirs  of  his  Life  compiled  by 
his  Daughter.  (Seeley  &  Co.) 
Prof.  Pritchard  was  a  unique  and  many- 
sided  man,  and  it  is  not  remarkable  that 
several  pens  have  shared  in  the  production 
of  this  memorial  of  his  life  and  work.  Only 
the  last  chapter  of  this  memoir  was  written 
by  Miss  Ada  Pritehard,  though  she  is  respon- 
sible for  tho  arrangement  of  the  rest,  and 
the  preface  is  from  her  own  pen.  In  it  she 
remarks  that  whilst  the  method  adopted  in 
the  joint  work  has  of  necessity  interfered 
somewhat  with  the  chronological  sequence 
of  the  chapters,  it  has  this  advantage,  that 
each  part  of  the  life  "has  been  dealt  with 
by  the  writer  best  qualified  to  form  a  just 
estimate  of  it." 

Into  the  details  of  the  biography  wo  do 
not  proposo  to  enter.  Tho  first  chapter, 
containing  reminiscences  of  Prof.  Pritehard'a 


early  life,  was  contributed  by  his  niece,  Mrs. 
Ward.     The  family,  she  tells  us,  had  been 
settled  for  three  generations  in  Shropshire  ; 
but  the  father  of  the  late  Professor  removed 
to  Brixton,   where  Charles  (the  subject  of 
this   notice,   who  was   his   youngest   child) 
was  born  on  February  28th,  1808.     He  lost 
his  mother  when  only  twelve  years  old,  and 
after  his  eldest  sister's  marriage  in  1822  his 
father  returned  to  Shrewsbury  and  married 
a  second  time,  surviving  till  1859.     Charles 
was  left  to  the  care  of  other  relatives,  and  it 
was  chiefly  at  the  instance  of  his  brother-in- 
law,  Mr.  Allan  (Mrs.  Ward's  father),  that 
means  were  found  for  sending  him  as  a  sizar 
to  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  in  1830  as  Fourth  Wrangler,  and 
became   Fellow   of   his   College   two   years 
afterwards,  having  already  been  the  author 
of  a  treatise  on  the  theory  of  statical  couples 
and  of  papers  communicated  to  the  Cam- 
bridge Philosophical  Society.     For  a  short 
time   he   was   head  master   of   a  school  at 
Stockwell,  and  for  twenty-eight  years  of  a 
newly  founded  grammar  school  at  Clapham. 
Here  he  pursued  astronomy  as  a  parergon 
(to   use   his   own   favourite  phrase),  being 
elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society  in  1849;  and  after  making  various 
contributions  to  its  Proceedings,  and  taking 
part  in  the  Himalaya  expedition  sent  to  Spain 
for  the  purpose  of  observing  there  the  total 
eclipse  of  July  18th,   1860,  he  was  elected 
President   of   the   Society  in  1866,  holding 
that  office  for  the  usual  term  of  two  years, 
and  delivering  very  able  addresses  in  pre- 
senting  the    Gold   Medal  to   Dr.   Huggins 
and  to  the  late  M.  Le  Verrier  respectively. 
He   was   ordained   when   he   first  went   to 
Clapham,  and  resigned  his  mastership  there 
in  1862,  for  reasons  not  necessary  to  mention. 
From  that  time  he  resided  during  eight 
years  in  retirement  at  Freshwater,  in  the 
Isle  of   Wight  (where   the   present   writer 
found   him   one    summer's    afternoon   dili- 
gently assisting  in  harvesting  a  hay  crop  in 
his  own  field),  from   time   to  time   taking 
part  in  Church  Congresses  and  in  meetings 
of  the  British  Association  (before  which  he 
repeatedly  preached),  being  also  appointed 
Hulsean   Lecturer   at   Cambridge  in   1867. 
But   in    1870    he   was    elected    to    succeed 
Donkin  as  Savilian  Professor  of  Astronomy 
at  Oxford.     The  energy  with  which,  at  the 
age   of   sixty-two,    he   threw   himself    into 
the  work  was  admirable  ;    the  new  observa- 
tory  for   the   special   cultivation   of    astro- 
nomical physics  was  founded  under  his  eye, 
being  greatly  helped  by  the  late  Dr.  De  La 
Rue's  presentation  of   instruments,   and   it 
was   completed    in    1875.      His    successor, 
Prof.  Turner,  gives  in  the  work  before  us  a 
most  interesting  and  discriminating  account 
of  his  labours  there,  which  wcro  chiefly  in 
the   departments    of    photometry    and    tho 
application    of    photography    to    tho    deter- 
mination of  stellar  parallax.     In  tho  former 
he  invented  a  new  instrument,   called  tho 
wedge-photometer,    with    which    he    super- 
intended tho  measurement  of   the  relative 
brightnesses  of   2,7Sl    stars;    and  in  order 
to  determino  as  nearly  as  possible  tho  true 
value  of  atmospheric  absorption  for  forma- 
tion of  his  scale,  ho  undertook  a  journey  to 
Egypt  in   1883.     For  his  photometric  work 
and    the    catalogue  formed  from    it  (called 
'  Uranometria  Nova  Oxoniensis')  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society  awarded  him  in  1886 


T  II  E     A  Til  IONIUM 


N  3611,  Jan.  0,  '97 


their  Gold   Medal,  uniting  with  it  one  to 
Prof.   E.   Pickering,   of   Elarvard   College, 

Mass.,  for  similar  researches  conducted   by 
a  different  method. 

We  baveleft  littlo  space  to  speak  of  Prof. 
Pritchard'fl  theological  work,  which  chiefly 
bore  ou  the  relations  between  science  and 
Scripture.  The  portion  of  the  present 
volume  which  relates  to  this  subject  is  from 
tho  pen  of  the  Bishop  of  Worcester  (Ur. 
IVrowne).  Prof.  Pritcharddiodon  May  28th, 
1893,  and  the  composito  memoir  before  us 
will    be    appreciated    by  many  readers    as 


giving    an  interesting 
remarkable  personality. 


account    of    a   very 


unlikely  that    lie   had    seen    it  ;   but  at   any   i 

his  own  paper,  calculating  the  circumstances  of 

the  transit  of  17<>!*,  is  evidently  quite  original, 
and  BUggestfl  various  islands  from  which  he 
thinks  it  might  be  observed.  Of  course  this 
was  before  the  voyage  of  Wallis  in  which  he 
visited  Tahiti  and  called  it  King  (Jeorge's 
Island  ;  whether  it  was  the  same  which  had 
been  discovered  many  years  before  by  the 
Spanish  navigator  De  Quiros  must  always 
remain  uncertain.  It  seems  to  me  then  that 
Hornsby's  paper,  not  Lalande's,  was  what  first 
gave  occasion  to  the  discussion  which  led  to  the 
application  resulting  in  Cook's  voyage. 

W.  T.  Lynx. 


SIR   JOSEPH    BANKS  S   JOURNAL. 
21,  Cautley  Avenue,  Clapham  Common,  Dec.  2i5,  1896. 

Referring  to  the  review  of  Sir  Joseph 
Banks's  'Journal'  which  appears  in  your  issue 
of  to-day's  date  (pp.  908-909),  there  are  one  or 
two  points  touched  upon  which  may  be  deemed 
worthy  of  further  elucidation.  A  comparison 
of  the  translation  by  M.  de  Freville  with  the 
anonymous  publication  of  Becket  &  De  Hondt 
shows  that  the  French  book  was  translated 
directly  from  that  work,  with  a  very  few  addi- 
tional amplifications  by  the  translator.  The 
suggestion  that  it  was  the  work  of  the  clerk 
Richard  Orton  is  probable  ;  we  find  such  errors 
as  "Captain  Cooke"  for  Lieut.  Cook,  Fuego 
is  always  misspelled  "Feugo,"  details  of  the 
character  of  each  anchorage  are  given,  and  the 
bearings  also  ;  but  it  is  silent  as  to  the  death  of 
the  two  negroes,  Banks's  servants,  when  absent 
from  the  vessel  in  Patagonia.  The  first  person 
is  used  in  describing  the  visits  paid  to  the  con- 
vent in  Madeira,  as  though  Cook  were  the  nar- 
rator, when  not  even  his  name  is  correctly  cited. 
Possibly  some  of  these  slips  are  due  to  the 
haste  in  issuing  the  work,  of  which  the  intro- 
duction is  dated  September  28th,  1771. 

Poor  as  it  was,  Banks  seems  to  have  sent  a 
copy  to  the  Academie  des  Sciences,  for  in  the 
Journal  des  Sgavans,  Juin,  1772,  pp.  344-351, 
we  find  an  abstract  of  it,  with  a  quotation  from 
his  accompanying  letter :  "  C'est  ainsi  que 
M.  Banks  nous  a  donne  un  extrait  sommaire  de 
son  dernier  voyage,  dont  il  espere  que  la  rela- 
tion paroitra  en  1773"  (I.  c,  p.  350).  Sir 
Joseph  Banks  was  ready  enough  to  spend  money 
lavishly  in  acquiring  material  in  any  shape  of 
natural  history,  but  shrank  from  the  drudgery 
of  working  out  his  results.  He  was  content  to 
amass  stores  for  others  to  elaborate,  but  could 
not  in  his  own  person  undertake  the  labour  of 
reducing  his  observations  to  scientific  order. 
In  some  departments  he  was  admirably  served. 
Solander,  apart  from  his  constitutional  indolence 
and  love  for  society,  was  an  ideal  naturalist, 
and  his  successor  Dryander  was  even  more 
remarkable  for  his  concentration  on  matters 
connected  with  the  vast  and  rich  collections 
which  it  was  the  delight  of  his  employer  to 
bring  together.  B.  Daydon  Jackson. 


Blackheatb,  Dec.  30,  189r>. 
In  a  notice  of  the  'Journal  of  Sir  Joseph 
Hanks'  which  is  given  in  the  Atfienaum  of  the 
20th  inst.,  the  writer  says  that  he  does  not 
remember  to  have  seen,  in  the  many  accounts 
of  Cook's  voyages,  reference  to  the  true  origin 
of  his  first  visit  to  the  Society  Islands,  which 
he  takes  to  be  the  publication  of  a  '  Me'moire ' 
by  Lalande  in  1704  on  the  forthcoming  transit 
of  Venus  in  170!),  pointing  out  the  desirability 
of  having  it  observed  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean.  Now  Prof.  Hornsby  contributed  a 
much  more  elaborate  paper  to  the  Pliilosophical 
Transactions  for  1705,  which,  according  to 
Thomson  in  his  '  History  of  the  Royal  Society,' 
was  what  led  to  tho  Society's  application  to 
the  king  to  send  out  an  expedition  to  the  Pacific 
for  observation  of  the  transit.  Hornsby  does 
not  refer  to  Lalande's  'Me'moire,'  and  it  seems 


***  We    are    pleased    to    find   Mr.    Daydon 
Jackson  in  agreement  with  our  suggestion  as  to 
the  origin  of  the  first  anonymous  journal  of  the 
Endeavour's  voyage.     This  publication,  it  may 
be  remarked,  is  dedicated  to  the  Lords  of  the 
Admiralty,  to  Mr.   Banks    and    Dr.   Solander  ; 
whilst  on  p.  2  one  of  the  publishers,  Mr.  Becket, 
states  that  he  is  convinced  "it  is  the  production 
of  a  gentleman  and  a  scholar  who    made  the 
voyage."     Now  Richard  Orton  was    neither  a 
gentleman   nor  a   scholar,  but   we   venture   to 
adhere  to  our  opinion  that  it  was  he  who  sup- 
plied the  material — indeed,  the  use  of  the  first 
person  in  certain  portions  of  the  narrative  indi- 
cates direct  appropriation  of    parts    of  Cook's 
official  journal,  which  was  actually  transcribed 
by  Orton  as  amanuensis  of    that  commander. 
Whoever  it  was,  it  must   have  been  some  cne 
who  remained  on   board    the  Endeavour  after 
Cook  and  Banks  had    landed    at  Deal  on  the 
12th-13th    July  ;    for    the    anonymous   writer 
states  he  landed  on  the  15th.     Now  there  was 
one  individual  who  must  have  been  particularly 
interested,  beyond  all  others,  in  obtaining  the 
earliest   possible   information  regarding  Cook's 
expedition.     This     was    Alexander   Dalrymple. 
It    is    not    impossible    that    this    eminent  geo- 
grapher— who  had  so  earnestly  desired  to  com- 
mand the  expedition  to  discover  a  great  southern 
continent — might  have  preconcerted  an  arrange- 
ment with  some  person  on  board  the  Endeavour 
to   supply   him   with   news   of   the    discoveries 
accomplished  by  Cook  in  advance  of  the  official 
publication.  Dalrymple's  jealousy  of  Cook  and  his 
animosity  towards  Dr.  Hawkesworth  are  exem- 
plified in  his  later  publications.     Mr.  Jackson 
rightly  conjectures  that  Banks  sent  a  copy  of  this 
journal,   when  published,    to   the  French  Aca- 
demy ;  and  as  M.  de  Fre'ville  describes  it,  in 
his  translation,   as   the  journal  of  a    "Voyage 
autour    du    monde,    fait   par   MM.    Banks     et 
Solander,"  it  may  well  be  supposed   that  Dr. 
Solander    prepared    the    abstract,    notes,    and 
emendations  which    subsequently    appeared    in 
the  Journal  des   Scavayis.     Altogether,   it   is  a 
curious    complication,   which    perhaps    may    be 
unravelled  by  further  research. 

Mr.    Lynn's   proposition   can   hardly  be  sus- 
tained by   his  arguments.     For,  indeed,  it  was 
even  before   the   previous  transit  of  1701  that 
Lalande  had  prepared  a  geographical  chart,  on 
which  he  laid  down   the  times  of  ingress  and 
egress  of  the  planet  on  the  sun's  disc,  calculated 
for  the  most  favourable  places  on  the  globe  for 
observations  to  be   made  by  Delisle's  method. 
And,  as   Mr.  Lynn  rightly  observes,  although 
Tahiti  had  not  been  discovered,  there  was  good 
reason  for  supposing  there  were  lands — islands, 
if  not  a  continent — in  the  South  Pacific  suitable 
for  the  purpose.     A  '  Me'moire  '  containing  this 
chart  was  published  in   1704,   by  which  time, 
however,    the    French  astronomer  had  already 
put  himself  in  communication  with  sovereigns, 
ministers,  and  learned  societies  all  over  Europe, 
urging    expeditions  for   carrying  out  these  im- 
portant observations  for  ascertaining  the  sun's 
parallax.     In  this  same  year  Lalande  came  over 
to  London  to  confer  with  Maskelyne  — who,  it 
will   be  remembered,   was  to  succeed    Bliss  as 
Astronomer  Royal  the  following  year.     More- 
over,  Lalande's   intimate   friend,   Bougainville, 


had  ten  years  previously  been  elected  a  Fellow 
of  the  Royal  Society,  so  that  we  cannot  doubt 
that  when  this  society  memorialized  the   British 

Government  in  17<i">  Lalande's  'Me'moire1  must 

have  produced  as  great  an  effect  and  had  as 
much  weight  with  the  authorities  at  the  Ad- 
miralty as  the  paper  of  the  Savilian  Professor. 
However  original  Hornsby's  elaborate  memoir 
may  have  been,  it  seems  incredible  that  the 
author  can  have  been  unaware  of  Lalande's 
publications,  which  had  been  circulated  through- 
out Europe.  However,  apart  from  the  above 
considerations,  in  our  notice  of  Banks's 
'  Journal  '  we  were  actually  led  to  trace  the 
origin  of  the  Endeavour's  voyage  by  consulting 
M.  de  Freville's  introduction  to  his  translation 
of  the  anonymous  pamphlet  purporting  to  be 
Dr.  Solander's  journal.  We  hope  Mr.  Lynn 
may  be  induced  to  unearth  from  the  archives 
at  Greenwich  Observatory  some  records  of 
Lalande's  conferences  with  Maskelyne  which 
may  elucidate  this  interesting  subject. 


Mo.v 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE   ENSUING   WEEK. 
London    Institution,    5.  —  '  William    Hogarth,    Historian   and 
Satirist  '  Mr   W.  H.  S.  Aubrey. 

—  Surveyors'  Institution.  8— '  Ihe   Future   Development  of  the 

Surveyors'  Institution. '  Mr.  H.  Martin 

—  Aristotelian.  8 -Symposium       In  what  Sense,  U  any.  do  Past 

and  Future  Time  F.xist '."  The  President,  Messrs.  6.  H.  Hodg- 
son and  G.  E.  Moore. 
Tl'es.     Awiatic,  4— 'The  Story  of  Vmm  Haram,  translated  from  the 
Original  Turkish,'  Mr.  C   1)  Cobham. 

—  Civil  Engineers,  8—  Ballot  for  Members,   'Superheated-Steam 

Engine  Trials.' Prof.  W.  Hipper. 

—  Biblical  Archaeology.  8  — Anniversarv  Meeting. 

Wkd.     Society  of  Arts,  7.— "The  Growth  and" Demolition  of  Mountains, 

Mr   C.  I.  Dent 
Tiit-Rs.  London    Institution,  6— 'The  History  of  the   Dance  and  its 

Mu-.ic,' Dr  F  J.  Sawyer 

—  Electrical  Engineers.  8  —Inaugural  Address  of  the  President 

—  Mathematical,  8  —Supplementary  Note  on  'Matrices,'  Mr.  1. 

Brill 
Civil  Engineers.  8— "Monier"  Girders  and  Arches,'  Mr.  W. 
Beer.    (Students' Meeting  i 


Fai 


£cimct  (gxrssijx. 

It  is  understood  that  Mr.  H.  Goss  and  Canon 
Fowler,  who  for  the  last  eleven  years  have  been 
joint  secretaries  of  the  Entomological  Society, 
do  not  propose  to  seek  re-election  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Society  on  the  20th  inst. 

The  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  which 
attained  its  seventy-ninth  anniversary  on  the 
2nd  inst.,  consists,  according  to  a  list  corrected 
to  date,  of  1,903  members,  3,833  associate 
members,  331  associates,  21  honorary  members, 
and  884  students — together  0,972  of  all  classes, 
and  representing  an  increase  during  the  past 
year  of  nearly  3  per  cent. 

The  French  papers  say  that  the  widow  of 
Baron  Hirsch  is  going  to  present  two  millions 
of  francs  to  the  Pasteur  Institute,  and  is  con- 
sulting the  managers  as  to  the  allotment  of  the 
funds. 

The  death  is  announced  of  General  Walker, 
the  American  statistician  and  writer  on  finance. 
M.  Nobel's  bequest  of  his  whole  property 
for  the  promotion  of  science  is  magnificent,  but 
it  may  be  doubted  whether  there  are  not  already 
enough  prizes  in  the  scientific  world,  and 
whether  research  would  not  have  been  more 
effectually  aided  by  a  different  application  of 
the  money. 

By  the  death  of  Louis  Vivien  de  Saint- 
Martin,  France  has  lost  the  oldest  and  in  some 
respects  the  most  distinguished  of  her  geo- 
graphers. Born  at  St.  Martin-de-Fontenoy, 
Calvados,  on  May  22nd,  1802,  young  Vivien  first 
went  to  Paris  in  1814,  and  lived  there  or 
at  Versailles  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  not  a  great  traveller  like  Ritter,  still  less 
an  explorer,  and  won  distinction  solely  as  a 
savant  and  student.  His  first  works  were  an 
elementary  atlas  and  a  georama  (1820),  the  first 
globe  of  the  kind  seen  in  Paris.  Since  1840  he  had 
devoted  his  attention  solely  to  geographical  sub- 
jects. For  a  period  of  fourteen  years  (1842-50) 
he  edited  the  Annates  des  Voyages.  In  1845 
he  commenced  the  publication  of  a  '  Histoire 
Cniverselle  des  De'couvertes  G^ographiques,' 
planned  on  a  gigantic  scale,  of  which  only  three 
volumes,  dealing  with  Asia  Minor,  have  ever 
seen   the  light.      Many   years  of  his  life  were 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


53 


devoted  to  the  study  of  the  ancient  geography 
of  Asia  and  Northern  Africa,  his  principal  works 
dealing  with  this  vast  subject  being  '  Etudes 
sur  la  Geographie  et  les  Populations  Primitives 
du  Nord-ouest  de  l'lnde  d'apres  les  Hymnes 
Ve'diques'  (1860),  'Etude  sur  la  Ge'ographie 
Grecque  et  Latine  de  l'lnde'  (1858-60),  and 
*Le  Nord  de  1'Afrique  dans  l'Antiquite  Grecque 
et  Romaine  '  (1863).  Between  1863  and  1875 
he  published  'L'Annee  Ge'ographique,'  a  mas- 
terly survey  of  geographical  progress.  This 
useful  work  was  carried  on  for  a  few  years 
longer  by  M.  Maunoir  and  M.  Duveyrier,  but 
has  since  been  discontinued.  His  '  Histoire  de 
Geographie '  (1873)  is  a  work  of  authority.  In 
1874  he  planned  a  'Nouveau  Dictionnaire  de 
Geographie  Universelle,'  and  brought  out  the 
first  volume,  but  allowed  this  monumental  work 
to  be  completed  by  his  friend  Rousselet.  His 
'Atlas  Universel  de  Geographie'  in  eighty- 
four  maps,  the  first  of  which  appeared  in  1877, 
Is  being  slowly  completed  by  M.  F.  Schrader. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  engaged  upon  a 
'Dictionnaire  de  Ge'ographie  Historique,'  the 
MS.  of  which  has  been  bequeathed  by  him  to 
the  Acadernie  des  Inscriptions.  Vivien  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Paris  Geographical  Society 
(1822),  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  one 
of  its  honorary  presidents.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Berlin  Academy,  an  honorary  fellow  of 
numerous  learned  societies,  and  a  Chevalier  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour. 

A  small  planet,  probably  to  be  reckoned  as 
No.  426,  was  discovered  by  M.  Charlois  at  Nice 
on  the  28th  ult. 

The  editorship  of  the  Astronomical  Journal 
(which  is  henceforth  to  have  the  words  "Founded 
byB.  A.  Gould"  under  the  title  on  each  number) 
has  devolved  upon  Dr.  S.  C.  Chandler,  who  has 
made  many  valuable  contributions  toits  columns  ; 
at  his  own  request  Profs.  Asaph  Hall  and  Lewis 
Boss  are  to  collaborate  with  him  in  it. 

M.  Poincar^  has  been  appointed  Professor  of 
Mathematical  Astronomy  and  Celestial  Mechanics 
at  Paris,  in  the  room  of  the  late  M.  Tisserand. 


FINE    ARTS 


TWO    PAMPHLETS. 

Notes  on  the  Cross  of  Cong.  By  M.  Stokes. 
(Privately  printed.) — The  elaborate  and  delicate 
relic  to  which  Miss  Stokes  has  devoted  this 
monograph  is  one  of  the  finest  works 
of  its  kind.  It  is  the  more  interesting 
because  it  is  dated  1123,  that  is,  three  years 
after  the  wreck  of  the  Blanche  Nef,  and  bears 
the  sole  record  of  the  maker  in  his  name,  which, 
in  full,  was  Maelisu  (Maeljesu)  MacBratdair 
O'Echan,  together  with  the  names  of  Therdel- 
buch  U  Chonchobair  (Turlough  O'Conor),  King 
of  Erin,  who  employed  that  goldsmith,  and 
Domnall  Mac  Flannacan  U  Dubthaig  (O'Duffy), 
Bishop  of  Connaught,  who  "superintended  its 
execution."  Whatever  the  last  phrase  may  mean, 
it  is  an  awkward  one  for  those  who  persist  in 
thinking  that  to  the  mediaeval  workman,  and  to 
the  workman  alone,  i.e.,  in  this  case  O'Echan, 
is  the  credit  due  for  what  is  nowadays  so 
very  oddly  called  "applied  art."  The  cross 
itself  is  a  singularly  fine  specimen  of  that  late 
offdhoot  of  the  Romano-Byzantine  school  of 
decorative  design  which  under  various,  but  not 
very  different  forms,  flourished  in  Ireland, 
England,  and  Scandinavia,  and  used  to  be 
called  Hibernian.  It  is  of  the  same  epoch 
as  the  noble  chalice  of  St.  Remi  and  the 
analogous  shrine  of  St.  Patrick's  Bell  (which 
dates  from  1100),  and,  though  resembling 
them  in  style,  it  is  more  refined  and  elaborate. 
Like  other  similar  works,  it  was  made  to 
contain  a  fragment  of  the  True  Cross, 
which,  in  the  Chronicle  of  Inisfallen,  is  said 
to  have  been  sent  to  Ireland  in  1123,  but 
more  probably  at  a  later  date.  It  is  of  the 
Latin  form.     The  shaft  is  2  ft.  6  in.  high  ;  the 


arms  extend   1  ft.    6|  in. ;  the    material    of    the 
body    is    oak.      Encrusted    with   plates  of   gilt 
copper  and  brass,  at  the  intersection  is  a  circular 
crystal,  like  a  lens,  covering  an  orifice  intended 
to  contain  the  relic.  Prof.  MacCullagh  observing 
that  the  fragment  now  under  the  lens  is  of  oak, 
which   the   True  Cross   was  not,    doubted    the 
genuineness  of  the  existing  fragment.  Miss  Stokes, 
as  in  duty  bound,  sees  no  reason  for  hesitation 
on  this  account,  other  fragments  alleged  to  be 
genuine  being  of  the  same  sort  of  wood.     Be- 
sides the  metal  plates  and  crystal,  the  Cross  of 
Cong  is  enriched  with  red  and  green  stones  cut 
en    caboclwn,    and,    in    the   Romano-Byzantine 
manner,  set    as    studs,   so    as   to   protect   the 
fine    interlaced    filigree    gold    work,    which   is 
fastened  by  rivets  to  the  copper  plates  beneath. 
The  studs  were  originally  eighteen  in  number, 
arranged  at  regular  intervals  along  the  edges, 
and  on  the  face  of  the  shaft  and  arms  of  the 
cross  spaces  remain  for  nine  others,  which  were 
placed  at  intervals  down  the  centre.  The  filigree 
work    is    so    exceptionally   well    designed  and 
choicely  executed  as  to  excite  the  wonder  of  all 
who  have  studied  it.     On  this  point  we  should 
like  to  call  attention  to  a  circumstance  which 
has  never,  so  far  as  we  know,  been  mentioned  in 
connexion  with  Irish,  Anglo-Saxon,  or  Scandi- 
navian filigree   work,  and  which  may  serve  to 
mitigate  the  wonder  of  amateurs.     We  refer  to 
the  manifest  fact  that  in  countries  where  cloisonnes 
enamels  were   designed  and  made,  the  elabora- 
tion  of  filigree  work   would  of  necessity  come 
naturally  to  those  who  were  accustomed  to  de- 
sign   and  execute    cloisonnes  enamels,    as   many 
were  in  Western  Europe.    What  is  filigree  work 
but  extremely  intricate  cloisonne  work  without 
its    enamels  1     Miss   Stokes   rightly    says   that 
the    reliquary  which   may  with    most  profit  be 
compared  with  the  Cross  of  Cong  is  the  Anglo- 
Saxon    cross    in   the    treasury    of    the   church 
of   SS.   Gudule  et   Michel   at   Brussels,  which 
is  also   believed  to  have  been  made  to  contain 
a  fragment  of  the  True  Cross.     The  custom  of 
shaping  reliquaries  in  accordance  with  the  relics 
they  were  to  contain  is  observable  in  innumerable 
cases  before  monstrances  came  into  use.    Several 
instances  of  alleged  fragments  of  the  True  Cross 
being  enshrined  in  cruciform  cases  are  mentioned 
by   Miss  Stokes  ;     but  all  shrines  of  this  sort 
were  not   cruciform.     Zoomorphic  types   occur 
in  the  interlacements  of  the  filigree  in  the  Cross 
of  Cong  ;  these  and  the  other  details  of  Maelisu 
O'Echan's   masterpiece   are  well  shown  in  the 
plates  before  us. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  R.  Inwards  for  a 
copy  of  his  contribution  to  the  Quarterly  Journal 
of  the  Meteorological  Society,  No.  98,  April, 
1896,  which,  with  two  diagrams,  deals  with 
Turners  Representations  of  Lightning.  To 
explain  them  we  cannot  do  better  than  quote 
the  opening  passages,  which  the  diagrams  (1)  of 
'Turner's  Lightning,'  as  represented  in  his  pic- 
ture of  the  'Bass  Rock,' and  (2)  of  a  'Photo- 
graph of  Lightning,'  as  taken  instantaneously 
from  nature,  distinctly  affirm.  Mr.  Inwards 
writes  : — 

"  The  truth  to  nature  of  Turner's  representa- 
tions of  lightning  has  been  several  times  men- 
tioned before  the  Society,  but  I  thought  it  would 
be  interesting  to  bring  before  the  Fellows  an  actual 
example  of  Turner's  work,  placed  side  by  side  with 
a  photograph  of  a  real  flash  of  lightning,  presenting 
the  same  general  character,  and  perhaps  coming 
uuder  the  head  of  meandering  lightning;  at  all  events, 
it  is  a  flash  of  that  kind  which  seems  to  attempt  to 
double  back  upon  itself,  and  which  makes  many 
sudden  turns  before  getting  finally  on  its  earthward 
course.  Collated  with  this  view  is  a  photograph 
from  the  Society's  collection,  and  which,  of  course, 
was  taken  direct  from  nature.  It  will  be  Been  that 
Turner  has  caught  the  general  form  and  character 
of  the  rapid  contortions  and  abrupt  curves  of  the 
lightning  with  a  most  amazing  fidelity,  and  he 
baa  even  drawn  the  flash  in  several  places  by  a 
doubled  line,  just  as  wr  often  see  in  photographs 
from  nature.  In  fact,  there  is  a  doubled  pari 
in  the  photograph.  If  the  picture  had  been  by 
anyone  but  Turner  1  should  have  put  this  down 
to  a  mere  careless  stroke  of  the  brush,  but  being 


from  the  hand  of  so  consummate  a  master,  I  can 
have  no  doubt  that  his  keen  eye  saw  the  effect, 
which  his  swift  hand  almost  as  quickly  committed 
to  paper." 

And  Mr.  Inwards  concludes  his  observations  on 
additional  instances,  all  equally  interesting  and 
conclusive,  as  follows  :  "One  is  inclined  to  take 
literally  the  eulogium  passed  by  John  Ruskin 
on  this  great  master  :  '  Unfathomable  in  know- 
ledge, solitary  in  power sent  as  a  prophet  to 

reveal  to  men  the  mysteries  of  the  universe.'  " 


THE  ROYAL  ACADEMY. — WINTER  EXHIBITION. 
LORD  LEIGHTON'S  PICTURES. 
(First  Notice.) 
From  this  collection  of  more  than  two  hundred 
works  in  oil  none  of  the  most  important  of 
the  late  President's  pictures  that  are  removable 
from  the  walls  they  decorate  is  absent,  with 
the  exception  of  the  beautiful  'Wedded,'  the 
gaily  coloured  'Odalisque,'  'Jezebel  and  Ahab,' 
'  Clytemnestra  watching  for  the  Return  of 
Agamemnon,'  '  Phryne  at  Eleusis,'  and 
1  Antigone.'  A  large  number,  too,  of  his  drawings 
and  designs  made  to  illustrate  '  Romola  '  and 
other  books,  very  many  exercises  in  pencil  and 
silver-point — some  of  them  most  exquisite — 
and  a  few  models  in  the  round  and  relief  are 
included  in  a  comprehensive  gathering  which 
more  than  adequately  represents  the  astonishing 
industry  and  skill  of  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished artists  England  has  produced  in  this 
century.  In  presence  of  such  an  exhibition  the 
student  will  be  more  than  ever  impressed  by 
Leighton's  ample  endowment  of  the  indomitable 
"power  of  taking  pains  "  which  is  said  to  cha- 
racterize the  great  masters  of  every  art  and 
science.  The  collection  is  more  truly  representa- 
tive of  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  painter  than 
any  that  has  been  seen  before,  inasmuch  as  it 
includes  works  not  till  now  seen  in  London, 
the  most  interesting  being  Cimabue  finding 
Giotto  in  the  Fields  of  Florence  (No.  177),  which 
was  the  first  work  he  finished,  and  which  was 
shown  at  Brussels  in  1850.  It  is  an  astonish- 
ing fact  that  the  works  Leighton  exhibited  in 
London  amounted  to  255.  Nevertheless,  his 
total  output,  studies  of  importance  included, 
far  exceeds  this  number,  while  some  of  the 
most  ambitious,  such  as  the  lunettes  at  South 
Kensington  and  the  fresco  at  Lyndhurst,  are 
not  reckoned  in  the  total  we  have  named. 

All  the  world  knows  that  Leighton's  reputa- 
tion was  established  by  Cimabue's  ' Madonna' 
carried  through  Florence,  which,  as  No.  65, 
occupies  a  leading  position  in  Gallery  III.,  and 
is  a  loan  from  the  Queen.  This  work  is  the 
only  purchase,  we  believe,  Her  Majesty  ever 
made  of  the  first  contribution  sent  by  a  young 
and,  until  then,  unknown  artist  to  a  public 
exhibition.  It  took  the  art  world  by  storm  in 
1855,  and  has  since  then  more  than  maintained 
its  reputation,  and  more  than  justified  the 
Queen's  judgment.  It  clearly  indicated  that, 
given  health  and  years  enough,  its  author 
would  achieve  a  conspicuous  position  among 
the  painters  of  the  century.  Great  as  was 
the  distinction  won  by  him  at  the  Academy 
he  was  afterwards  to  head,  there  came  a  cold 
shadow  over  his  fortunes  when  '  The  Triumph 
of  Music'  (not  'Orpheus  and  Eurydice,' 
which,  as  No.  61,  illustrates  Browning  in  Gal- 
lery III.)  followed  'Cimabue'  in  1856,  and, 
greatly  to  the  chagrin  of  the  artist,  was  con- 
demned by  some  of  the  critics  of  the  day. 
Much  nonsense  was  written  about  that  unlucky 
work,  which  we  remember  quite  well,  and 
which  deserved  respectful  treatment,  even  if  it 
did  not  merit  the  admiration  awarded  to  its 
forerunner.  '  Tho  Triumph  of  Music  '  is  not 
here. 

It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  in  Leighton's  history 
that,  while  most  men  of  his  calibre  and  energy 
secure  no  small  part  of  their  reputation  by  the 
time  they  are  of  age,  he  was  more  than 
twenty-five  years  old  when  'Cimabue'  proved 
beyond  mistake  that  he  had  attained  a  very  high 


54 


tii  !•:    a  t  ii  i-:  n  .1:  r  m 


N   3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


degree  of  technical  skill  before  the  general 
public  knew  anything  about  him.  It  ia  owing 
t.>  this  unusual  circumstance  that  we  have  n<> 
experimental  paintings  here  to  comment  upon, 
nor,  for  thai  matter,  any  considerable  develop- 
ment, nor  any  distinctly  important  change  in 

his  methods  and  style  to  record.  And  when 
once  what  may  be  called  the  tentative,  but  DOl 
immature  group  of  Leighton's  works  is  disposed 
of,  the  rest  ot  his  paintings  stand  nearly  on 
the  same  level.  They  differ,  of  course,  in  the 
happiness  of  their  inspiration,  in  physical 
and  technical  beauty,  in  the  splendour  of 
their  lighting,  and  the  charm  of  coloration, 
which,  none  strove  more  ardently  than  he  to 
secure;  but,  except  in  degree,  the  characteristic 
qualities  of  Michael  Angelo  nursing  his  Dying 
s.  rvani  (2)  and  The  Star  of  B«  thlehem  (28),  both 
of  which  belong  to  18G2,  are  much  the  same 
as  those  of  Flaming  June  (75)  of  1895  and  Clytie 
(GO),  which,  left  hardly  finished  in  1896,  is 
practically  the  last  work  Leighton  touched. 

Accordingly  we   intend   to   begin   by  calling 
attention  to  the  tentative  works,  and  afterwards 
proceed  to  say  something  about  the  best  of  the 
other   pictures   in    the   order   they   occupy   on 
the   walls   of   the  Academy.      Cimabue  finding 
Giotto  (177)    needs  no   further   comment   than 
that     it     bears     testimony    to     the     industry 
and    success   of    the    studies   of    the   youthful 
Leighton  in  Rome,  Berlin,  Frankfort,  and  Paris. 
The  names  of    the  schools    he  frequented  are 
enough  to  convince  us  that  nothing  but  eclec- 
ticism could  result  from  training  so  multifarious 
and  models  so  dissimilar.     In  fact,  the  wonder 
is  that   anything  like  original  genius   survived 
so  much   teaching,  and  splendid  as  the  results 
of  his  schooling  were,  there  cannot  be  a  doubt 
that  it  would   have  been  much  better  for  him 
if   he   had  had    a    good    deal    less    education. 
No.  177  exhibits  his  inborn  sense  of  colour.  His 
training  had  given  him  a   profound  knowledge 
of   form,  and  that    strong  scientific  feeling  of 
which    he    had    so     much     ensured    a    logical 
attention  to  the  veracities  of  light  and  shade; 
while  his  liking  for  an  artistic   anecdote  made 
the  designing  of  such  a  theme  as  that  he  selected 
for  No.  177  very  easy  to  him.     A  Persian  Pedlar 
(182)  shows  the  colourist  at  work,  and  the  man 
of  taste  diligently  studying  those  harmonies  of 
line    which   the   draperies  and   posture  of   the 
figure  and  the  masses  of  its  accessories  permit. 
Its  date  is  1852. 

Cimabue's  '  Madonna  '  carried  through  Florence 
(G5)   was    finished    in    1855    (it    was    the   out- 
come   of   long    previous    labour),  and    sent    to 
the   Academy,  with   results  of  which  we   have 
already    spoken.     It    at   present    faces   Daph- 
nephoria      (81),     finished      just      twenty  -  one 
years   later,    which     marked    the    culminating 
point  of  his  art.     These  works  show  plainly  how 
Leighton  delighted  in  painting  processions.  The 
continuity  of  Mowing  lines,    the    repetitions  of 
similar    elements,    and    the    abundant    oppor- 
tunities for  introducing  graceful  attitudes  among 
figures   actuated  by  a  common    motive,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  stateliness  appertaining  to  such 
subjects,  had  a  singular  fascination  for  him.   As 
a  designer  of  compositions  of  this  nature,  not 
even  Sir  John  Gilbert — who  loves  a  procession, 
especially  when   it  involves   rapid   movements 
and    furious    gestures — has   excelled   Leighton 
when  he  had  to  deal  with  regular  and  gradual 
movements,    more    particularly    if    they    were 
accompanied  and  directed  by  music.     Owing  to 
this,     '  Cimabue  '     and     '  Daphnephoria '    were 
subjects  after  his  own  heart,  and  he  threw  him- 
self into  the  painting  of  them  without  the  least 
regard  to  the  rewards  of  the  future,  for  he  knew 
that  few  could  buy  or  house  the  latter,  and   it 
is    understood  he  got  much  less  that  500L  for 
the  former  picture.     No  doubt,  too,  the  enthu- 
siasm of  Leighton,  always  a  genuine  lover  of 
his  art,  was  fed  and  heightened  by  the  idea  that 
in  some  such  picture  as  this  he  might  worthily 
illustrate  an  event  so  momentous  in  the  history 
of     painting    as    the    carrying     of     the    great 


Bgures    or    parts 

they    belong,   and 
to     some    extent 


Madonna'    from    the   /«//<</"   of    Cimabue   t" 

the  church  which  it  was  destined  to  adorn, 
lie  was  perfectly  aware  that  since  the  fall  of 
Koine  no  such  honour  had  been  vouchsafed  to 
art  or  an  artist 

There  is  a  certain    local  disconnexion,   not    to 
say    harshness,    in    the     coloration,    lights,    and 
shadows     of     this     noble    work,    and     even    the 
of     the      groups    to     which 
the    groups    themselves  are 
isolated     (a    defect    Leigh- 
ton avoided    in    later  works),    but    they  are  on 
the    other    hand    remarkable    for    the    softness, 
breadth,     and     fusion    of    their   detail.       This 
softening  was   carried   so    far    that   many    who 
objected  to  the  artist's  methods  founded  their 
complaints  upon   it,    and    compared   the  carna- 
tions    of     his     figures     to     the    paintings     on 
plum-boxes.     The  carnations  of  nearly  all  the 
figures     in     '  Cimabue  '    are,     besides,     rather 
opaque,  the  roses  in  their  cheeks  are   reddish 
and  spotty,  while  in  the  Mesh  generally  there 
is  an  excess  of  yellow  and  a  lack  of  greyness. 
The  local  colours,  too,  are  "cut  up"  to   some 
extent,  even    more,  perhaps,  than  the  artist's 
desire  to  represent  the  brightness  of  Florentine 
daylight  warranted.     The   chiaroscuro  not  less 
than  the  coloration  and  general    treatment  of 
this   picture   go   far    to    prove    that   Leighton, 
before  he   painted  it,   had  saturated   his  mind 
with  the  study  of  the  frescoes  which  were  daily 
before  him  in  Tuscany  and  Rome.     If  we  want 
to  be  sure   of  this  we  need  only  observe  how 
brilliant  is  the  tonality  of  the  picture,  how  light 
is  its  background  of  architecture  and  draperies, 
and  how  distinctly  all  the   figures  stand  upon 
that  background.     It  is  a  striking  merit  in  his 
picture  that  the   figures   really  seem  to  move 
rhythmically   to   the   music,    and    this    is   one 
of    many    proofs    of    his    profound    sympathy 
with  his  subject,  and  with  the  manner  in  which 
one  of  the  quattrocentisti  would  have  attempted 
this  momentous  theme  if  he  had  enjoyed  those 
technical     facilities     later     centuries    gave    to 
Leighton.     Besides,  the  air  of  constraint  which 
characterizes    all    the  figures   in   '  Cimabue '   is 
yet  another  symptom  of  the  influence  of  early 
Florentine  design  upon  its  artist  in  1854-5.  The 
composition,  like  the  composition  of  the  early  fif- 
teenth century,  resembles  that  of  a  bas-relief,  and 
is  without  the  vigour  Signorelli  introduced,  while 
it  is  qui  te  in  harmony  with  this  sculpture-like  effect 
that  the  draperies,  ornaments,  and  even  some  of 
the  attitudes  of  their  wearers  remind  usof  thestyle 
of  Ghiberti,  as  developed  in  the  later  gates  of 
the  Baptistery,  not  the  earlier  ones  which  recall 
the  stiffness  of  Masolino.     Indeed,  if  Leighton 
had  had  constantly  before  him  a  picture  by  Pesel- 
lino,  he  could  not  have  approached  more  closely 
the  middle  Florentine  manner  of  designing  and 
paintingdraperies.  Finally, let  us  say  of  'Cimabue' 
that  its  draughtsmanship  evinces  the  painter's 
close  study  of  form,  and  the   mastery  he   had 
already  attained  in  the  use  of  the  brush.     That 
he  was  an  eclectic  by  nature  not  less  than  by 
what  were  really  cosmopolitan  studies  is  obvious 
to  those  who  carefully  examine  this  masterpiece 
of   his  youth,  and,  as  at  present,  have  before 
them  the  outcome  of  his  life's  work. 

Salome,  the  Daughter  of  Hcrodias  (12),  which 
in  chronological  order  is  the  next  picture  here, 
clearly  shows  that  while  working  upon  it  Leighton 
had  to  a  large  extent  freed  his  style  from  the 
trammels  that  timidity  rather  than  lack  of  skill 
imposed  upon  him  in  '  Cimabue.'  In  '  Salome  ' 
and  in  The  Mermaid  (.20),  which  followed  it,  the 
movements,  expressions,  and  draperies,  not  less 
than  the  painting  of  the  carnations,  are  more 
lifelike  than  before,  the  tonality  is  at  once  richer 
and  more  massive.  In  these  respects  the  in- 
ihunce  of  Venice  as  well  as  the  technical 
development  of  the  artist  himself  are  plainly 
perceptible.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  Titiancsque 
handling  in  the  flesh  of  the  mermaid,  and  her 
exuberant  forms  would  have  been  distasteful 
to  Leighton  when  he  was  at  work  on  '  Cimabue.' 
Similar  qualities,  but  a  very  distinctly  inferior 


a     picture,    the 

deserved     great 

massiveness     of 

points,    are    also 


coloration,  were  to  be  found  in  'The  Triumph  of 
Music'   and    the    '  l'aolo   and    1  ■      which 

Leighton  produced  at  this  epoch.  The  passioi. 
grace  of  the  mermaid  before  us  indicates  the 
.  ;h  of  freedom  and  voluptuous  feeling  in 
the  painter's  mind.  Tin;  breadth,  strength,  and 
richness,  for  example,  in  the  blue  drapery, 
which  is  an  important  part  of  the  scheme  of  the 
colour,  far  surpass  whit  seemed  possible  to 
the  Leighton  of  earlier  years.  As  the  lightness 
of  No.  G5  has  much  of  the  brilliance  of  Florence's 
frescoes  and  temperas,  so  the  limpid  depth 
and  lucent  gloom  of  •  The  Mermaid '  belong  to 
Venice,  and  to  Venice  alone.  Anything  like 
over-definition  had  vanished  from  Leighton's 
art  by  the  time  this  picture  was  painted. 

Count    J'n ris,    coming   to   the    house    of   the 
Capulets,    and    finding   Juliet   apparently  dead 
(G2),    although   a   somewhat   later    work,    does 
not  mark  so  much  progress  as  'The  Mermaid.' 
Representing    a    theatrical    performance,  it  is 
infected    with    some  of  the  vices  of    theatrical 
representation  ;  there  is  a  good  deal  of  exaggera- 
tion in  the  attitudes  the  expressions  (especially 
those  of   Count   Paris   and   his   friend,   a  male 
model  to  the  life)  are  crude,  and  the  influence 
of    the    lamp    degrades    the    chiaroscuro   and 
the      light     and      shade      of 
painting     proper     of     which 
praise.       The     breadth      and 
touch,    which     are    its    best 
seen  to  advantage  in  a  half-length  figure  of  a 
Roman  Lady   (59),    painted  in   1859,  which  is 
really    a    masculine    and    solid   portrait  -  study 
of    a     magnificent   Roman    model.     Originally 
it     was     exhibited     as     a     study    and     called 
'La  Nanna.'     That    opacity   of   the  carnations 
which  has    offended  many    in  Leighton's  later 
work  is  almost  as  marked  in  this  model's  face 
as  in  the  somewhat  affected  portrait  of  Mrs.  .s'. 
Orr  (24)  painted  in  1861.     On  the  other  hand, 
the   bonnet  and  pose  of  her  head  are  distinct 
evidence    of    Leighton's    dainty     taste.      18G2 
witnessed     the     painting     of     Michael    Angelo 
nursing  his   Dying  Servant  (2),   by   no   means 
a  happy  nor  a  spontaneous  picture,   of  which 
the  moribund  Urbino  is  the  least  good  part.   It 
exhibits  the  defects  of  No.  24  in  technique  and 
sentiment,  but  hardly  any  of  its  better  qualities. 
The  Star  of  Bethlehem  (28),  1862,  may  be  grouped 
with    No.  2.     Together   they    affirm  a    period 
when   Leighton   was  occupied   upon   some  im- 
portant task,    or  was   otherwise   engaged  than 
in  painting.      This  stationary  period  continued, 
as  it  seems  to  us,  until  1864,  when  Orpheus  and 
Furvdice  (61)    indicated    the    beginning    of  a 
stronger    style.      The    "fragment"    of     verse 
which  Browning  wrote  to  accompany  the  title 
of  the  picture  in  the  Catalogue  shows  how  the 
poet  had  been  interested  by  the  passion  of  the 
group.     The  face  of  Eurydice  fascinated  him  as 
it  does  us,  but  that  of  Orpheus  is  less  attractive, 
while  the  painting— vigorous  and  solid  as  it  is 
—  lacks  much  the  artist  was  soon  to  gain. 


rt/TERBOROVGH    CATHEDRAL. 

A  protest  against  the  needless  pulling  down 
of  the  west  front  has  received  a  great  many 
signatures,  and  as  to  it  a  quaint  story  reaches 
us  from  Peterborough.  It  is  said  that  a  visitor, 
talking  to  one  of  the  officials  there,  asked  whether 
a  protest  bearing  so  many  well-known  names 
was  not  entitled  to  some  consideration,  and 
received  for  answer  that  it  really  was  of  very 
little  consequence,  for  in  all  the  list  there  was 
the  name  of  only  one  subscriber  to  the  restora- 
tion fund.  This  is  a  very  pretty  echo  of  the 
Dean  and  Chapter's  own  answer  to  the  Society 
for  the  Protection  of  Ancient  Buildings  early 
in  the  controversy,  that  the  Society,  not  being 
subscribers  to  the  work,  had  no  claim  to  be  heard 
about  it. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  came  forward  with 
a  thousand  pounds  in  their  hands,  but  made  con- 
ditions  as  to  the  way  in  which  it  was  to  be  spent ; 
and  they,  too,  are  refused  a  hearing.  Who  then 
will  be  listened  to  >.     Apparently,  they  who  will 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


55 


meekly  lay  money  at  the  feet  of  the  five  wise 
men  of  Peterborough  for  them  and  their  archi- 
tects to  do  what  they  like  with.  And  yet 
subscribers  do  not  seem  to  be  crowding  in. 

The  general  position  remains  much  as  it  was 
last  week.  The  Dean  and  Chapter  still  assert 
their  intention  to  pull  down  the  north  gable, 
but  at  the  time  of  our  writing  have  not  begun 
to  do  so.  It  is  said  that  orders  to  begin  were 
sent  down  from  London  by  Mr.  Pearson  last 
week,  but  were  countermanded  by  the  authori- 
ties on  the  spot.  If  this  be  so,  we  hope  that  it 
may  be  a  sign  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter  are 
feeling  their  way  to  a  less  uncompromising 
attitude,  and  that  even  yet  some  means  may  be 
found  whereby  they  may  be  relieved  from  the 
very  difficult  position  in  which  they  now  are, 
and  the  old  front  of  the  Cathedral  may  be  saved. 
The  specification  prepared  for  the  two  defending 
societies  will  soon  be  printed  and  circulated. 
If  the  other  side  will  accept  it  in  the  spirit  in 
which  it  is  offered,  it  may  prove  an  eirenicon. 

Mr.  Walter  Rye  writes  :  — 

'•  Will  not  the  simplest  and  most  effective  way  to 
stop  the  proposed  vandalism  be  for  all  interested  in 
the  preservation  of  the  old  work  to  issue  a  signed 
manifesto  undertaking  not  to  subscribe  a  penny 
towards  the  rebuilding,  and  for  those  who  have 
already  subscribed  under  a  misapprehension  to 
write  at  once  and  withdraw  their  subscriptions  and 
send  them  to  Dr.  Freshfield's  fund  ?  " 


We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  Royal  Aca- 
demicians intend  that  the  Winter  Exhibition  of 
next  year,  1898,  shall  consist  entirely  of  Millais's 
works. 

Messrs.  Clifford  &  Co.  exhibit  at  21,  Hay- 
market,  until  the  30th  inst.,  a  collection  of 
water-colour  drawings  and  oil  paintings  by  the 
Misses  C.  E.Hughes  and  B.  E.Lewis.— At  "The 
25  Gallery,"  25,  Soho  Square,  there  is  an  ex- 
hibition of  pictures  by,  or  attributed  to,  MM. 
Menzel,  Toulouse  -  Lautrec,  L.  Legrand,  and 
others. 

The  following  pictures,  the  acquisition  of  which 
by  the  National  Gallery  we  have  already  men- 
tioned, have  now  been  hung  in  their  places.  The 
portrait  of  Gainsborough's  daughter,  by  him,  is 
numbered  1482  ;  his  picture  of  Tristram  and 
Fox  is  1483,  and  his  two  small  landscapes,  1485 
and  1486  respectively.  The  above  have  been 
judiciously  placed  on  either  side  of  Zoftany's 
portrait  of  Gainsborough,  No.  1487.  All  these, 
parts  of  the  Lane  gift,  are  in  Room  XVI.  In 
the  Octagon  Room  the  visitor  will  find  the 
two  drawings  by  Gainsborough,  '  Rustics  and 
Donkey  '  and  '  Study  of  an  Old  Horse. '  With 
the  Lewis  Fund  Sir  E.  Poynter  has  pur- 
chased a  portrait  of  Gilbert  Stuart,  by 
himself,  No.  1480,  and  'A  Winter  Scene,' 
by  H.  van  Avercamp,  No.  1479.  The 
latter  is  somewhat  larger  than  that  other  ex- 
ample of  the  same  hand  which  was  already  in 
Trafalgar  Square.  No.  1481  is  a  gift,  and  re- 
presents 'A  Philosopher,'  by  C.  P.  Bega.  It  is  a 
fairly  good  specimen  of  his  work.  As  to  Gilbert 
Stuart,  the  reader  will  recollect  a  life-size,  full- 
length  portrait  by  him  of  Mr.  W.  Grant  skating 
in  St.  James's  Park,  which  attracted  much 
attention  when  Lord  Charles  Pelham-Clinton 
lent  it  as  No.  128  to  the  Academy  in  1878.  It 
was  at  first  attributed  to  Gainsborough. 

At  Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods's  on 
the  6th  inst.  '  Partie  Perdue,'  by  F.  Bracque- 
mond,  after  J.  L.  E.  Meissonier,  brought  28/.; 
and  '1806  (Jena),'  by  J.  Jacquet,  after  the 
same,  311. 

A  Correspondent  writes  : — 

"A  life-sized  marble  bust  of  the  lain  Master  of 
Balliol,  the  gift  of  the  Jowett  Memorial  Committee, 
was  recently  placed  in  the  picture  gallery  of  the 
Bodleian  Library.  The  bust  has  great  merits :  there 
is  a  lifelike  subtlety  in  the  modelling  of  the  face, 
the  rendering  of  textures  is  excellent,  and  the  hair, 
iu  particular,  is  treated  with  a  mo8t  effective  sim- 


plicity. Regarded  as  portraiture,  however,  the  work 
is  not  without  weaknesses.  The  contrast  between 
the  fragile  form  and  the  massive  head,  which  jet 
was  iu  perfect  harmony  with  it,  coul.1  perhaps 
hardly  have  been  indicated  by  the  sculptor  here. 
More  to  the  point  is  a  certain  want  of  that  fineness, 
that  distinction,  which  above  all  characterized  '  the 
Master's '  face,  and  of  the  habitual  look  of  power  in 
repose.  The  personality  suggested  by  the  bust  is 
that  of  a  more  ordinary  man,  alert,  acute,  bold, 
perhaps  masterful ;  and  the  pose,  like  the  expres- 
sion, is  full  of  self-confidence.  But  the  artist,  Mr. 
Hope  Pinker,  had  to  deal  with  a  subject  of  more 
than  ordinary  difficulty,  and  it  is  perhaps  ungracious 
to  lay  stress  upon  defects— or  what  have  seemed 
to  be  so— where  a  faithful  and  minute  record  of  so 
much  is  given.  The  carefully  studied  pedestal,  of 
yellow  Sienese  marble,  is  most  graceful,  and  well 
deserves  notice.  Unfortunately  its  effect,  like  that 
of  the  bust,  is  in  some  degree  impaired  by  its  present 
position  and  surroundings." 

The  Pope  has,  by  convention  with  the  Italian 
Government,  become  possessed  of  all  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Convent  of  St.  Francis  at  Assisi, 
and  the  schoolboys  of  the  Collegio  "  Principe 
di  Napoli,"  who,  by  the  noise  they  made,  used 
to  disturb  the  monks,  are  to  be,  it  seems, 
removed  to  another  building  in  Assisi. 

The  excavations  of  the  Athenian  Archaeo- 
logical Society  near  the  Dipylon,  after  the 
discovery  of  the  ancient  road  leading  to  the 
Academy,  have  brought  to  light  the  remains  of 
a  building  which  is  supposed  to  be  the  temple 
of  Artemis  Calliste.  The  inscriptions  found  on 
the  place  contain  some  decrees  relating  to  the 
priest  of  this  goddess. 

From  Patras  the  discovery  is  announced  of  a 
headless  marble  statue  of  Minerva  which  is  a 
copy  of  the  '  Athena  '  of  Pheidias. 

M.  Homolle  has  been  appointed  Director  of 
the  French  School  of  Athens  for  another  period 
of  six  years. 

The  owner  of  the  Sciarra  Collection  has 
bought  from  the  Italian  Government  freedom 
to  deal  with  the  rest  of  his  property  by  sur- 
rendering the  following  works,  of  which  more 
than  one  incorrect  list  has  been  published  :  '  A 
Magdalen,'  by  Guido  ;  '  The  Life  of  Christ,'  by 
Giotti ;  '  Peasants  of  Arcady,'  by  B.  Schidone  ; 
'The  Virgin,  St.  Joseph,  and  St.  Peter,  Martyr,' 
by  A.  del  Sarto  ;  '  Picus  changed  to  a  Wood- 
pecker,' by  G.  da  Carpi,  and,  by  the  same, 
'  A  Vestal  bearing  the  Statue  of  Cybele '  ; 
'  Church  of  the  Jesuits,'  drawing  by  Gagliardi, 
figures  by  A.  Sacchi  ;  '  The  Virgin  with  the 
Sleeping  Christ,'  by  G.  Bellini  ;  'The  Vision  of 
Fra  Francis  da  Celano,'  by  an  unknown  painter  ; 
and  a  portrait  of  Stefano  Colonna  by  Bronzino. 
To  this  ransom  some  sculptures  in  marble  and 
terra  cotta  are  added. 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

Queen's  Hall. — Promenade  Concerts. 
St.  James's  Hall. — Popular  Concerts. 

The  prodigious  Wagnerian  programme 
provided  by  Mr.  Robert  Newman  last  Satur- 
day evening  attracted  an  immense  audience, 
and  we  can  congratulate  Mr.  Henry  J. 
Wood  upon  the  steady  progress  made  by 
his  large  and  well-equipped  orchestra. 
Several  of  the  dozen  selections  from  the  Bay- 
reuth  master  were  very  finely  pla3red, 
notably  the  Prelude  and  Death  Song  from 
'Tristan  und  Isolde,'  tho  "  Charfreitags- 
zauber  "  from  'Parsifal,'  the  Overture  to 
'  Die  Meistersingor,'  and  the  '  Walkiiren- 
ritt.'  Other  items  well  played  were  tho 
Overture  to  '  Der  Fliegende  Hollander/ 
the  new  Vcnusberg  music  from  '  Tann- 
hiiuser,'  and  the  "  Trauermarsch "  from 
'  Gotterdammerung.'  Vocal  excerpts  wen* 
excellently  rendered  by  Miss  Lucile  Hill 
and  Mr.  William  Ludwig.     The  first  of  tho 


Saturday  afternoon  Symphony  Concerts  at 
the  Queen's  Hall  is  to  be  given  on  the 
30th  inst.,  when  a  symphony  by  the  Russian 
composer  Glazanow  will  be  performed  for 
the  first  time  in  London. 

Tschaikowsky's  Pianoforte  Trio  in  a 
minor,  Op.  50,  bids  fair,  as  it  deserves,  to 
rank  with  the  '  Symphonie  Pathetique  '  alike 
in  its  elegiac  character  and  in  the  beauty 
and  individuality  of  the  music.  The  work 
was  first  performed  in  London  at  one  of  the 
late  Sir  Charles  Halle's  chamber  concerts, 
and  was  added  to  the  repertory  of  the 
Popular  Concerts  on  January  6th  last  year. 
On  that  occasion  the  pianist,  HerrReisenauer, 
seemed  to  think  that  the  trio  was  a  work  for 
the  key-board  with  string  accompaniment,  but 
Mr.  Leonard  Borwick  last  Monday  evening 
was  more  reticent,  and  therefore  secured  a 
much  better  ensemble.  The  other  performers 
were  Lady  Halle  and  Signor  Piatti,  and  a 
finer  performance  of  a  work  that  improves 
greatly  on  acquaintance  could  not  be 
desired.  The  programme  commenced  with 
Beethoven's  Quartet  in  f  minor,  Op.  95, 
and  Mr.  Leonard  Borwick  contributed 
pianoforte  pieces  by  Chopin  and  Brahms. 
Miss  Evangeline  Florence  sang  in  very 
pleasant  fashion  an  air,  "Care  selve,"  from 
Handel's  '  Atalanta,'  arranged  by  A.  L. 


The  Literature  of  Music.  By  James  E. 
Matthew.  (Stock.) — This  little  volume  is  neces- 
sarily sketchy,  but  not  by  any  means  trivial  in 
matter.  The  author  commences  with  the  litera- 
ture of  ancient  music,  and  passes  on  to  medueval 
writers,  and  then  to  works  produced  during  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  correcting 
various  errors  that  have  found  their  way  into 
books  of  acknowledged  authority.  Concerning 
the  two  celebrated  histories  of  music  by  Burney 
and  Hawkins,  Mr.  Matthew  rightly  records  his 
verdict  in  favour  of  the  latter,  though  Hawkins 
was  an  amateur  and  Burney  a  professional 
musician.  He  says  Hawkins's  style  is  not  so 
polished,  and  the  work  possibly  not  such 
amusing  reading  as  that  of  his  rival,  but 
in  research  and  accuracy  it  need  fear  no 
comparison.  Burney  has  never  been  re- 
printed, while  Hawkins  has  been  issued 
in  a  convenient  form,  with  notes  which  more 
recent  knowledge  has  rendered  necessary,  by 
Messrs.  Novello,  Ewer  &  Co.  ;  in  this  form 
it  is  still  obtainable,  and  will  be  found  most 
useful.  Other  chapters  follow,  on  dictionaries 
of  music,  on  the  literature  of  sacred  music,  of 
opera,  musical  instruments,  and  the  biblio- 
graphy of  the  art.  Of  Fe'tis  he  says  that, 
although  very  far  from  being  a  safe  guide, 
those  who,  like  himself,  have  constantly  con- 
sulted it  for  years,  "  must  be  lost  in  admiration 
at  the  depth  and  extent  of  knowledge  that  it  dis- 
plays." The  author  is  rather  severe  on  Grove's 
'  Dictionary,'  though  he  admits  that  the  work 
contains  much  that  is  useful  and  meritorious. 
The  little  volume  is  supplied  with  a  copious 
index. 

We  have  on  our  table  The  Lute  of  Apollo,  an 
essay  on  music,  by  CI i fiord  Harrison  (limes  & 
Co.).;  Part  I.  of  the  Plainsong  if  the  Mass, 
adapted  from  the  Sarum  Gradual  (published 
for  the  Plainsong  and  Mediaeval  Music  Society), 
and  containing  the  principal  numbers  of  the 
Mass  in  the  Gregorian  notation  and  the  four- 
line  staff;  and  Le  Cycle  Berlioz,  the  first 
volume  of  a  series  of  monographs  upon  the  work 
of  the  gifted  if  eccentric  French  composer,  by 
J.  G.  Prod'hoiinno  (Paris,  Bibliotheque  de 
['Association).  The  List  is  an  essay  on  'La 
Damnation  do  Faust,'  interesting  and  instruc- 
tive, though  it  may  not   be  possible  to  agree 

invariably  with  the  author's  opinions. 


56 


THE     ATIIENjEUM 


N°  3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


Jjflusiral  (gossip. 

The  Crystal  Palace  Saturday  Concerts  will  be 
resumed  on  February  27th  and  will  conclude  on 
April  17th,  Mr.  August  Manns's  benefit  concert 

being  fixed  fur  the  following  Saturday.     Among 

the  features  of  the  Beoond  division  of  the  s< 
will  ho  the  interesting  Schubert  programme  on 
February  27th,  the  appearance  of  Herr  Joachim 
on  March  LStfa  and  M.  Paderewski  on  the 
following  Saturday,  and  the  performance  of 
Gounod's  'Redemption'  on  March  27th  and 
Mr.  Edward  Elgar's  '  King  Olaf  '  on  April  3rd. 
Tiik  Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians  vir- 
tually concluded  its  semi-public  proceedings  at 
the  Cardiff  Conference  last  week  on  Thursday. 
Dr.  C.  Vincent  read  a  paper  on  the  advantages 
of  sight-singing  from  the  staff,  with  an  appeal 
to  musicians  to  use  the  movable  Doh  system  in 
combination  therewith.  In  the  afternoon  Mrs. 
Roeckel  addressed  the  meeting  on  "some  of 
the  advantages  of  membership  "  of  the  asso- 
ciation, proving  her  case  eloquently  and  without 
difficulty.  The  Conference  was  one  of  the  most 
successful  held  by  the  Society,  which,  it  is  plea- 
sant to  say,  is  doing  much  service  in  the  interests 
of  professional  and  amateur  musicians. 

Two  new  overtures  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Herbert  Bunning  will  be  heard  in  London 
during  the  spring.  A  '  Dramatic  Overture  '  will 
be  introduced  at  Mr.  Manns's  benefit  concert 
at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  the  other,  entitled 
4  Spring  and  Youth,'  will  be  performed  at  one 
of  the  Philharmonic  Concerts. 

Concerts  were  few  and  unimportant  last  week 
until  New  Year's  Day.  Theafternoon  performance 
of  '  Elijah  '  by  the  Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society 
was  very  largely  attended,  and  in  some  respects 
artistically  successful.  Miss  Ella  Russell  was 
scarcely  at  her  best  in  the  soprano  airs,  and  Mr. 
Santley  was  obviously  out  of  voice  at  first,  but 
he  improved  with  his  work.  Miss  Ada  Crossley 
made  a  very  favourable  impression  as  an  ad- 
vancing contralto  oratorio  singer,  and  Mr.  Ben 
Davies  was  admirable  in  the  principal  tenor 
music.  Mr.  Randegger  conducted  with  much 
spirit,  but,  we  venture  to  think,  took  some  of 
the  choruses  at  excessive  speed. 

In  the  evening  'The  Messiah'  was  given,  as 
usual,  by  the  Royal  Choral  Society  in  the 
Albert  Hall.  Miss  Anna  Williams,  Miss  Marian 
McKenzie,  Mr.  Ben  Davies,  and  Mr.  Watkin 
Mills  were  the  principal  vocalists,  and  Prof. 
Bridge  conducted  the  curtailed  version  of 
Handel's  oratorio  in  a  commendable  manner. 
It  may  be  noted  that  in  'Israel  in  Egypt,' 
which  is  underlined  for  the  21st  inst. ,  the  duet 
"The  Lord  is  a  man  of  war"  will  be  given  by 
two  bass  soloists,  and  not  by  the  entire  con- 
tingent of  tenors  and  basses  in  the  choir. 

Messrs.  Plunket  Greene  and  Leonard 
Borwick  will  give  three  song  and  pianoforte 
recitals  at  St.  James's  Hall  on  February  5th 
and  19th  and  March  5th,  the  first  programme 
being  devoted  to  the  music  of  Schubert. 

M.  Saint-Saens's  Biblical  opera  '  Samson  et 
Dalila  '  seems  to  be  coming  rapidly  into  favour 
in  oratorio  form.  It  was  given  for  the  third 
time  at  Sir  Charles  Halle's  Manchester  Concerts 
on  Wednesday  last  week,  and,  as  already  an- 
nounced, it  will  be  repeated  by  the  Queen's  Hall 
Choral  Society  on  Saturday  afternoon  next. 

Dvorak's  charming  overture  'In  der  Nat.ur  ' 
was  performed  for  the  first  time  in  Edinburgh 
by  the  Scottish  Orchestra  at  Messrs.  Paterson's 
sixth  orchestral  concert  on  Monday  last.  The 
programme-book  contained  well-executed  por- 
traits of  M.  Sapellnikoff  and  Herr  Goldmark. 

We  believe  that,  for  the  first  time  since  its 
institution,  the  Bristol  Festival  has  yielded  a 
profit.  The  accounts  for  the  meeting  held  in 
October  last  show  a  balance  on  the  right  side 
of  nearly  4'Sl. — not  a  large  sum,  it  is  true,  but  it 
is  better  than  a  loss,  and  it  is,  of  course,  quite 
independent  of  the  142i.  collected  for  the  local 
charities. 


The  recently  formed  Manchester  Royal  Col- 
lide of  Music  seems  to  be  already  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  List  year  1,8212.  was  subscribed 
towards  the  funds  of  the  institution,  and  the 
number  of  students  rose  to  161. 

Mr.  Frederick  Lamond,  who  has  recently 
won  much  favour  as  a  pianist  in  Warsaw  and 
Moscow,  will  give  the  first  of  a  series  of  recitals 
at  St.  James's  Hall  on  January  19th. 

The  new  opera  'Messidor,'  by  MM.  Zola  and 
Bruneau,  is  now  in  rehearsal  at  the  Paris  Ope"ra, 
and  will  probably  be  produced  early  in  February. 

TnERE  seems  to  be  irrefragable  evidence  that 
Beethoven's  great  Mass  in  D  was  tirst  performed 
not  in  Vienna,  but  by  the  members  of  the 
St.  Petersburg  Philharmonic  Society  on  March 
24th,  1824.  The  Vienna  performance  took  place 
six  weeks  later. 

Three  cycles  of  '  Der  Ring  des  Nibelungen 
were  given  last  month  at  Berlin  in  response  to 
the  Kaiser's  command,  and  the  Hoftheater  was 
crowded  on  every  evening.  The  Bayreuth 
traditions  were  observed  as  nearly  as  possible, 
and  among  the  artists  were  Frau  Sucher, 
Madame  Gulbranson,  Herr  Griming,  Herr  Vogl, 
and  Herr  Lieban.  Herr  Weingartner  is  said 
to  have  conducted  the  performances  with  the 
utmost  skill. 

Ibsen's  unpleasant  play  '  Rosmersholm '  has 
inspired  a  young  German  composer,  Herr 
Gustav  Brecher,  to  write  a  symphonic  poem, 
which  was  recently  produced  at  a  concert  of  the 
Liszt  Verein  at  Leipzig,  it  is  said  with  much 
success. 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT  WEEK. 

Orchestral  Concert,  3.30,  Queen'B  Hall. 

National  Sunday  League  Concert.  7.  Queen's  Hall. 

Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7 .30,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 

Popular  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 

London  Ballad  Concert.  8,  Queen's  Hall. 
Thurs.  Mr  Henschel's  Symphony  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Fri.       Madame  Antoinette  Sterling  s  Concert,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 

Popular  Concert,  3.  St  James's  Hall 

Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society.  '  Samson  and  Delilah,'  3. 

Orchestral  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 

Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


St'N. 


Mon 
Wed 


Sat. 


$ramaiir  $0ssig. 

'A  Man  abodt  Town,'  a  musical  farce, 
produced  on  Saturday  last  at  the  Avenue, 
was  punningly  announced  as  by  Huan  Mee. 
Trivial  almost  beyond  precedent  is  this  piece, 
which  the  spirited  acting  of  Miss  May  Edouin 
and  the  dancing  of  Miss  Alice  Lethbridge  failed 
to  commend. 

'A  Pierrot's  Life,' a  play  without  words, 
after  the  fashion  of  '  L'Enfant  Prodigue,' 
was  given  on  Friday  afternoon  at  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  by  a  French  company.  It 
is  curious  to  notice  that  while  Pierrot,  long 
popular  in  France,  has  obtained  from  the 
designs  of  M.  Willette  further  recognition,  and 
is  now  treated  sentimentally,  the  character  in 
England  remains  practically  unknown  outside 
the  masked  ball. 

A  new  play  by  Mr.  Justin  Huntly  McCarthy 
will  be  the  next  dramatic  novelty  at  the  Garrick. 
Its  performance  will,  however,  be  preceded  by 
three  weeks  of  Carl  Rosa  opera. 

The  title  of  the  piece  with  which  the  Strand 
Theatre  (now  closed)  will  reopen,  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  John  S.  Clarke,  is  to  be 
'A  Prodigal  Father,'  which  is  suggestive  of 
4  Un  Pere  Prodigue,'  dramatized  by  Charles 
Mathews  as  '  My  Awful  Dad,'  and  produced  at 
the  Oaiety  in  September,  1875.  Mr.  Paulton 
and  Miss  May  Palfrey,  as  well  as  Mr.  Collette, 
will  be  in  the  cast.  It  is  to  be  prefaced  by  a 
one-act  piece  entitled  '  Home,  Sweet  Home,'  in 
which  Miss  Florence  Gerard  (Mrs.  Abbey)  will 
reappear. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Wills's  adaptation  of  'Esmond,' 
written  for  the  Lyceum,  has  long  been  in 
existence,  and  has,  we  believe,  been  finished 
by  Mr.  Freeman  Wills,  his  brother.     It  has  not 


yet  been  acted.  Renderings  of  that  not  too 
tractable  novel  are  now  promised  in  both  Eng- 
land and  America.  That  to  be  given  in  England 
is  by  Mr.  Edgar  I'emberton,  and  is  designed  for 
Mr.  Edward  Compton. 

Mr.  Geok<;e  Alexander  has  secured  the 
rights  of  the  adaptation  by  M.  Armand  d'Artois 
of  Musset's  '  Lorenzaccio,'  in  which  Madame 
Bernhardt  has  been  seen  in  Paris.  The 
English  version  will  be  executed  by  Mr.  Herman 
Bli  11  vale. 

To  night  is  to  witness  the  long  promised  pro- 
duction at  the  Shaftesbury  of  'The  Sorrows  of 
Satan  '  as  adapted  by  Messrs.  Herbert  Wood- 
gate  and  Paul  Berton,  with  Mr.  Lewis  Waller 
in  what  we  suppose  we  must  call  the  epony- 
mous hero.  It  i8a  curious  coincidence  that  just 
at  the  time  when  'The  Sign  of  the  Cross  '  is  dis- 
appearing from  one  part  of  Shaftesbury  Avenue 
the  latest  transfiguration  or  metempsychosis 
of  the  Prince  of  Darkness  should  be  given  at 
another. 

'The  Devil's  Disciple,'  the  scene  of  which 
is  laid  in  the  time  of  the  American  War 
of  Independence,  is  the  title  of  a  new  play  by 
Mr.  George  Bernard  Shaw,  intended,  it  is  to 
be  supposed,  for  a  West-End  theatre. 

Mr.  William  Yocnge,  known  as  an  actor 
and  a  dramatist,  died  of  pneumonia  on  Sunday 
last  at  Charing  Cross  Hospital.  He  wrote 
several  small  pieces,  and  played  in  various 
London  theatres,  being  last  seen  at  the  Strand 
in  'Playing  the  Game,'  a  piece  by  himself  and 
Mr.  Arthur  Flaxman. 

Mr.  A.  F.  Robbins  writes  to  point  out  that 
the  run  of  '  Our  Boys  '  was  longer  than  that  of 
1  Charley's  Aunt,' which  was  noted  a  week  or 
two  ago  as  unparalleled. 

Writing  in  the  Fortnightly  on  the  '  Blight  of 
the  Drama,'  Mr.  William  Archer  denies  that 
anything  more  than  chance  is  responsible  for 
the  fact  that  the  fair  promise  of  little  more 
than  a  year  ago  is  unfulfilled.  In  the  plays 
by  serious  dramatists  which  failed  to  please 
the  public  he  finds  reasons  for  want  of  suc- 
cess in  the  works  themselves,  or  in  the 
circumstances  that  attended  their  production, 
such  as  the  sudden  and  perplexing  withdrawal 
of  'Michael  and  his  Lost  Angel.'  The  triumph 
of  the  musical  comedy  he  contemplates  with 
equanimity,  regarding  it  as  transient,  and  finding 
in  '  The  Sign  of  the  Cross  '  a  far  more  depressing 
portent  than  in  'My  Girl 'and  'Monte  Carlo.' 
To  this  we  would  only  add  that  there  is  no 
evidence  of  change  of  taste  on  the  part  of  the 
public.  It  is  not  the  drama  that  '  My  Girl,' 
'The  Circus  Girl,'  or  any  other  girl  supplants. 
It  is  the  burlesque,  the  opera-bouffe,  the  ex- 
travaganza, which  it  replaces.  The  very  oldest 
playgoer  still  recalls  the  sparkling  entertain- 
ments of  Planche-,  given  at  the  Olympic 
or  the  Lyceum  ;  the  man  in  late  middle 
life  talks  more  frequently  of  Marie  Wilton 
than  of  Phelps.  Patty  Oliver  in  the 
'  Black  -  Eyed  Susan '  burlesque  and  Lydia 
Thompson  in  'Magic  Toys'  prepared  the  way 
for  the  Lettie  Linds  and  other  singers  and 
dancers  of  to-day,  of  whom  we  claim  no  very 
close  knowledge.  Such  reasons  as  exist  for  the 
decline  of  the  serious  drama  spring  rather  from 
the  class  of  subject  treated  than  from  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  musical  comedy,  which  from  the 
Gaiety,  always  its  home,  has  put  out  its  feelers 
and  seized  for  a  while  on  the  Garrick,  the 
Prince  of  Wales's,  the  Shaftesbury,  and  one  or 
two  other  houses. 


To  CouKEspoMir.NTS— W.  H— R.  B.  B.— W.  J—  E.  P.  H. 
-U.  11.  P.— B.  C.  S.— received. 


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N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


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57 


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62 


T  11  E     A  T  H  EN  M  D  M 


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POPULAR  and  PROVERBIAL  SAYINGS, 

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on  our  Old  Poets. 

GENEALOGY  AND  HERALDRY, 

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MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES,  QUERIES, 
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A  LITERARY   CHRONICLE   OF 
HALF  A  CENTURY. 

By    JOHN    C.    FRANCIS. 

— ♦ — 

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Illustrated  London  A  em. 

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years   a  biographical   sketch  of  the   life   of  John 

Francis As  we  glance  through  the  contents  there 

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and  read  about  the  men  and  eveuts  that  are  sum- 
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chronicle  of  the  period  with  which  it  deals,  and  a 
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and  discrimination.     The   information  given  about 
notable  people  of  the  past  is  always  interesting  and 
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ture, and  referring  to  every  person  of  distinction  in 
science  or  letters,  is  a  record  of  such  magnitude  that 
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historian  the  volumes  will  bo  of  incalculable  service. 

Bookseller. 

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Ma  nchester  Lxa  m  i  n<-r. 

London :  RICHARD  BENTLEY  Sc  SON, 

New  Burlington-street,  W., 
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N°  3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


MESSRS.    LONGMANS    &    CO.'S    LIST. 

NEW    BOOK    BY    MR.    ANDREW    LANG. 

PICKLE      THE      SPY; 

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..„,.,     t.  With  6  Portraits.     8vo.  18,.  [Early  next  n-ech 

m    This  book  .snot  a  novel,  though  it  contains  the  materials  of  romance.     The  -ul-iect  is  th*  «.«*     i        a- 
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63 


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64 


Til  E     AT  II  KNJET  M 


N°3611,  Jan.  9,  '97 


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TUESDAY  NEXT  (January  19).  at  3  o'clock.  Professor  A.  D.  WALLER. 
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T 


HE  DAVY-FARADAY   RESEARCH  LABORA- 
TORY or  the  ROYAL  INSTITUTION. 

Directors. 

The  Right  Hon.  LORD  RAYLEIGH,  MA.  DC  L.  LL  D.  F.RS. 

Professor  DEWAR,  MA.  LL.D.  F.R.S. 

Superintendent  of  the  Laboratory. 
Dr.   ALEXANDER    SCOTT,   MA.   D.Sc. 
This   Laboratory,  which  has  been  founded  by    Dr.  Ludwig  Mond, 
F.RS.,  as  a  Memorial  of  Davy  and  Faraday,  "  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
moting original  research   in  Pure  and  Physical  Chemistry,"  will  be 
OPEN   on  JANUARY  IS 

"Under  the  Deed  of  Trust  workers  in  the  Laboratory  are  entitled, 
free  of  charge,  to  Gas.  Electricity,  and  Water,  as  far  as  available,  and, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Directors,  to  the  use  of  the  apparatus  belonging 
to  the  Laboratory,  together  with  such  materials  and  chemicals  as  may 
be  authorized. 

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KOYAL       HISTORICAL       SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter.) 
Patron— HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN. 
President— The  Right  Hon.  Sir  M.  E.  GRANT-DUFF,  G.C  8  I. 
THURSDAY,    January    21,    5    p.m.,    at    the    Museum    of    Practical 
Geology,  Jermyn-street.  S. W.,  the  following  Paper  will  be  read  :  - 

'Some  Survivors  of  the  Armada,'  by  Major  MARTIN  A.  S.  HUME, 
F.H.HistS. 

HUItERT  HALL,  Director  and  Hon  Secretary. 
115,  St.  Martin's-lane,  W.C. 

THE       FOLK-LORE       SOCIETY. 


The  ANNUAL  MEETING  of  the  Society  will  be  held  at  22.  ALBE- 
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Origin  and  Nature.'  F.  A    MILNE,  Secretary. 

11.  Old-square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  January,  1897. 

PRINTERS'  PENSION,  ALMSHOUSE,  and 
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Hy  order,         J    8.  HODSON,  F.R.8.L.,  Secretary. 
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c 


CAMBRIDGE    TRAINING    COLLEGE    for 

WOMEN  TEACHERS. 
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equivalent  Certificate  of  some  University),  and  one  of  them  a  com- 
petent knowledge  of  some  branch  of  Natural  Science  They  must  enter 
on  their  duties  in  SEPTEMBER,  1897  —Application  should  be  made  by 
FEBRUARY'  15th,  1S97,  to  the  Principal,  from  whom  the  particulars 
can  be  obtained. 

IMRKBNHEAD  SCHOOL.— A   HEAD    MASTER 

I  *  will  be  REQUIRED  at  EASTER.  He  must  be  a  Member  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  a  Graduate  in  Honours  of  Oxford  or  Cambridge 
University.  Salary  300/  a  year,  with  Capitation  Fees  and  Residence, 
with  Boarding  House  attached  for  Forty  Boys.  The  School  Buildings 
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I 


OUGHBOROUGH    ENDOWED    SCHOOLS. 


GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

The  Governors  will  require,  after  the  Easter  Vacation,  a  HEAD 
MISTRESS  for  this  School. 

The  emoluments  of  the  Head  Mistress  will  be  a  fixed  salary  of  100!.  a 
year  and  a  Capitation  Fee  of  30s.  per  head,  together  with  a  good  House, 
and  she  will  have  the  appointment  of  the  Assistant  Mistresses,  subject 
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The  present  number  of  Scholars  is  110, 

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signed. 

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Rectory  Place,  Loughborough.  Leicestershire. 
January  12,  1897. 


c 


CENTRAL   WELSH   BOARD 

FOR 

INTERMEDIATE    EDUCATION. 


The  Executive   Committee  of  the  Board  are  prepared  to 
receive  applications  for  the  post  of 

CHIEF  INSPECTOR. 

Commencing     salary     600?.     per     annum,     exclusive    of 
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Applications  must  be  received  on  or  before  the  9th  day 

of    February     next    by    the     undersigned,    from     whom 

full    particulars,    with    copies    of    the    Scheme,    may    be 

obtained. 

A.  C.  HUMPHREYS-OWEN, 

Chairman, 

Qlansevern,  Berriew, 

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should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  K    J    Bekvor,  M  A  ,  8,  Lancaster-place, 

Strand    London.  W  0. 


I?DUOATION.— Thoroughly  l.KI, I  AHLE  ADVICE 
J      can    bfl   ObMnod    (free    of    charge ,    from    Messr*     OARHITAS 

'i  him  no  <*  00  .  irho,  from  their  MtenttTt.  and  portonal  knowledge  of 
the  boil  Bohooll  for  Hots  and  Girls,  and  •tuoeessful  Tutors  in  Kngland 
and  abroad,  will  f.itni«li  careful  ftelcctiom  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements  — ,tr>.  Sackville  irtreet,  W. 


GO 


THE     ATIIEN^UM 


N   3612,  Jan.  16, '97 


MOUNT    VIEW,    HAMP8TBAD.  — The   NEXT 
i  i  km  will  i  i  i. in  on  THURSDAY    Janoan  :  i      Reference 
kindly  allowed  la  Professor  Hu.uin   Brentwood  Conlston      Mrs   >*■  ^ <l 

<  irn  BU  I     i  I  i    i         -     HI]  dd      i  '  ofi    lor  Oars]   I  '•  ham 

gardens,  n  \\      and  others     i  "i   Prospectus  nppl)  (a  ■ 

i  

TREBOVIR      HOUSE      SCHOOL, 
_L  i  TreboTtr-MMd,  South  Knctogton,  B.T4 

Principal    Mi-  w    it  CULH 

Spei  -  ll  I  ■•in-.<  of  I.e>t.ons,  on  original  lines,  ll  Freehand  Draw  ink-. 
Designing  and  Brush  Wort  will  be  |lYen  by  Mi  I  DWIN  COOKE 
Also  I'lassc*  Inr  colour  Caal  and  Figure  Drawing,  and Bketohlog  from 
Katuri-,  bv  Mr   AH  rill  It  niiiidi  III  IIHE8. 

i>  BBDAY8  and   I  mi  KBDAYS  throughout  the  Term 

♦.•  Tho.M'.M   TERM  will  COMMENCE  MONDAY,  January  18. 


l)OYAL    INDIAN'    ENGINEERING    COLLEGE, 

JsV  Cooper's  Hill.  Staines  —The  Course  of  Study  In  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  In  BUTOpe,  1  ndia,  and  the  Colonies  About 
4ii  students  will  be  admitted  lu  September,  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twc-lvo  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Englncci  s  |n  lite  Public  WortB  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  St<  am  wiy,  at  the  College 

BEDFORD  COM  KGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  \v. 

Frincipal-M  ss  EMILY  PENROSE. 
SESSION  1896-7. 
The  LENT  TERM  will  HBOIN  on  THURSDAY,  January  14     Courses 
in  preparation  for  all  the  Examinations  in  the  Faculties  of  Arts  and 
Science  held   by  the  University  of  London,    Special  Course  of  Scientific 
Instruction  in  Hygiene  and  Puhlic  Health. 
Lectures  in  all  ltranches  of  Higher  Education. 

Six  Laboratories  open  to  Students  for  Practical  Work.  Art  School 
open  from  10  to  1.     Students  can  reside  in  the  College. 

LUCY'  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 
DEPARTMENT  for  PROFESSIONAL  TRAINING  in  TEACHING. 
(Recognized  by  the  Cambridge  Syndicate.) 
Head  of  the  Department-Miss  VIVIAN  THOMAS,  B.A. 
Miss  HANNAH  ROBERTSON,  B.A. 
The  SESSION  1897  BEGINS  on  JANUARY  18. 

The  Course  includes  full  preparation  for  the  Examinations  for  the 
Teaching  Diplomas  granted  by  the  Universities  of  London  and  of  Cam- 
bridge held  annually  in  December. — Full  particulars  on  application  to 
Miss  Vivian  Thomas,  at  the  College. 

LUCY  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

GOVERNESSES  for  PRIVATE  FAMIL1ES.- 
Miss  LOUISA  BROUGH  can  RECOMMEND  several  highly 
qualified  English  and  Foreign  GOVERNESSES  for  Resident  and  Daily 
Engagements.  —  Central  Registry  for  Teachers,  25,  Craven-street, 
Charing  Cross,  W.C. 


Catalonuts. 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  MODERN  AUTHORS, 
including  Dickens,  Thackeray,  Lever,  Ainsworth  ;  Books  illus- 
trated by  G  and  R.  Cruikshank,  Phiz,  Howlandson,  Leech,  &c.  The 
largest  and  choicest  Collection  offered  for  Sale  in  the  World.  Cata- 
logues issued  and  sent  post  free  on  application.  Books  bought. — 
Walter  T.  Spfncer,  27,  New  Oxford-street,  London,  W.C. 


w 


ILLIAMS      &      NORGATE, 

IMPORTERS  OF  FOREIGN  BOOKS, 
14,  Henrietta-street,  Covent-garden,  London ;  20,  South  Frederick- 
street,  Edinburgh  ;  and  7.  Broad-street,  Oxford. 
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ELLIS  &  ELVEY, 

Dealers  in  Old  and  Rare  Books,  Manuscripts,  and  Engravings. 

NEW    CATALOGUE    of    CHOICE    BOOKS    and 

MANUSCRIPTS  (No.  84),  post  free,  Sixpence. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of  RARE  PORTRAITS   and 

PRINTS    (No    4),  including    a    large    COLLECTION    of 
MUSICAL  PORTRAITS,  post  free,  Threepence. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  of  RARE  BOOKS  on  MUSIC 

(No.  2)  in  preparation. 

29,  New  Bond-street,  London,  W. 

1UEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  19)  now  ready.    Choice 

-L  1  Engravings,  Drawings,  and  Books— Constable's  English  Land- 
scape—Turner's Liber  Studiorum— Drawings  by  Turner,  i'rout,  Hunt, 
Cotman.  Ac  —  Works  by  Professor  Ruskin.  Post  free,  Sixpence.— Wm. 
Wahu,  2,  Church-terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

FOREIGN     BOOKS     and     PERIODICALS 
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/CLASSICAL  BOOKS,  Works  of  Reference,  Sets, 

V_^  and  Standard  Works.  CATALOGUE  of,  just  ready,  post  free  — 
E.  6.  Fowi.Kit,  Bookseller,  Eastbourne 

MESSRS.  KARSLAKE'S  CATALOGUE  now 
ready  —Next  week  a  Series  of  Drawings  of  the  HAUNTS  of 
GEORGE  ELIOT  will  be  exhibited  in  their  window  at  01,  Charing 
Cross-road 

NEW  CATALOG TE  of  OLD  and  CURIOUS 
BOOKS  —  Original  Drawings  by  Rowlandson  —  Antiquarian 
Sketches  by  celebrated  Artists  — and  Miscellaneous  Items  — CATA- 
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("tHEAP  BOOKS.— THREEPENCE  DISCOUNT 
J  In  the  SHILLING  allowed  from  the  published  price  of  nearly 
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ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  BOOKS  speedily  pro- 
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'T  H  K        AUTOTYPE 

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for  the  reproduction  In  permanent  pigments  of  Oil  Paintings, 
Drawings  in  Water  Colour,  Pencil,  Crayon,  Indian  Ink,  Ac 

AUTO-GRAVURE.     The  Autotype  Company's  Pro- 

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The  Company  has  successfully  reproduced  several  important  Works 
by  this  process,  Including  Portraits  by  Sir  J  E.  MOWS,  P.R.A  ,  J. 
Pettle.  It. A  ,  W  W.  Oulets.  It  A  ,  F.  Roll,  R  A  ,  the  Hon  Jno  Collier, 
Sir  G.  Reid,  P.RS.A  ;  also  Examples  of  Gainsborough,  Turner,  Con- 
stable, Schmalz,  Douglas,  Draper,  Ac. 

The    AUTOTYPE     MECHANICAL     PROCESS 

(Sawyer's  Collotype)  for  Book  Illustrations  of  the  highest  class. 
Adopted  by  the  Trustees  of  the  British  Museum,  many  of  the 
Learned  Societies,  and  the  Leading  Publishers. 


Examples  of  Work  may  be  seen,  and  terms  and  prices  obtained,  at 

THE  AUTOTYPE  FINE- ART  GALLERY, 

74,  NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  LONDON. 


rHE     HANFSTAENGL     GALLERIES, 

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directly  after  the  Original  Paintings. 

Published  during  1897  in  Ten  Parts  at  6?.  6s.  each. 

8  RAPHAELS.  I      15   MURILLOS. 

21  TITIANS.  I      39  VELASQUEZES. 

8  RUBENSES. 

This  Work  is  the  Companion  to  that  Superb  Publication 

THE  IMPERIAL  HERMITAGE,  ST.  PETERSBURG, 

which  contains,  according  to  eminent  critics,  the  most 
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Prospectus,  giving  full  particulars,  will  be  sent  upon  application  to 
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prising a  fine  Collection  of  Mezzotint  Portraits— Fancy  Subjects  by 
Rartolozzi,  Singleton,  Angelica  Kauffman  Cosway.  Cipriani.  Ac. — 
Scarce  Caricatures  after  Bunbury.  Gillray  Ac —Old  English  and  Conti- 
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Bnelleh  Counties— Modern  Engravings  after  Pott,  Partnn.  Teend  King. 
Hollier,  Aittiur  levies,  strutt.  Cox.  .Sic.  ;  also  a  Collection  of  Sporting 
Subjects  after  Herring.  C.  C.  Henderson.  Barber.  Shaver.  Gill.  Lorraine 
Smith,  Bateman.  Ac— and  WaterColour  Drawings  and  Paintings,  both 
Ancient  and  Modern,  including  many  Mne  Examples 
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offered  by  order  of  the  Master  in  Lunacy. 

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Ac  —and  Antique  Furniture,  including  a  fine  Set  of  Chippendale  Chairs, 
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Musical  Instruments. 

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Violoncellos,  Including  a  genuine  instrument  bv  restore— Guitars, 
Mandolines,  and  Banjos  Also  the  RETAIL  STOCK  of  Mr  E  SNELL, 
of  Bavswater 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


67 


Collection  of  Ex-Libris. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
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THURSDAY,  January  28.  at  2  o'clock  precisely,  a  valuable  COLLEC- 
TION of  EX-LIBRIS,  both  English  and  Foreign,  comprising  many  fine 
examples  of  Plates  in  the  Chippendale,  Sheraton,  Pictorial. and  Armorial 
Styles,  including  such  Specimens  as  the  Earl  of  Essex,  1701— Earl  of 
Winchelsea,  1704— Earl  of  Leicester,  1704— Thomas  Parker,  1704— Francis 
Columbine,  170S-Carolo  VI.,  P  de  Ludewig,  1719-Baron  Wolckhen- 
stain,  1595— Thomas  Penn,  of  Stoke  Poges,  First  Proprietor  of  Pennsil- 
■vania— Scott  of  Balcomie— Henry  Hoare,  Goldsmith  in  London.  1704— 
T.  Wright,  of  Downham,  Suffolk,  1707— Earl  of  Egmont.  1736-R  Hassell, 
of  Lincolnes  Inne,  1745-David  Garrick— W.  Hogarth— John  Marshall. 
A.M.,  Chief  Justice  of  United  States  —  George  I.  Gift  Plates  —  Lord 
Halifax.  1702— Walpole  Family,  7  Plates— Sir  Francis  Fust— Sir  F.  Cun- 
liffe.  by  Bartolozzi,  &c— Scotch  and  Welsh  Plates,  some  fine  and  scarce 
— and  many  others. 

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Miscellaneous  Books. 

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1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of  MISCELLANEOUS  BOOKS, 
English  and  Foreign,  in  all  Branches  of  Literature,  and  including 
Chronicles  and  Memorials  of  Great  Britain.  75  vols  —Lodge's  Portraits. 
12  vols.— Burton's  Arabian  Nights  and  Supplement,  16  vols.— Surtees 
Society— Proceedings  of  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers— Borlase's  Cornwall, 

2  vols.— Marjoux.  Architecture  Communale.  2  vols  —The  Ibis— Harleian 
Society— Walton's  Angler,  Pickering's  Edition,  on  Large  Paper— Scott's 
Novels,  Abbotsford  Edition— Biblia  Sacra,  Venet  1470-Books  relating 
to  Northumberland.  Durham.  Yorkshire,  and  the  North  of  England 
generally— First  and  Esteemed  Editions  of  Standard  Authors,  &c. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

SECOND  PORTION  of  the  well-known  Biblical  and  Litur- 
gical Library  of  HENRY  JOHN  FARMER  ATKINSON, 
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Sussex. 

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LITURGICAL  LIBRARY  of  H.  J  FARMER  ATKINSON,  Esq  , 
comprising  examples  of  many  Rare  Editions  of  the  Bible.  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  New  Testament,  &c,  in  English  and  Foreign  Lan- 
guages—Manuscripts on  vellum,  with  Miniatures — service  Books  on 
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Library  of  a  Gentleman. 

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standard  and  Valuable  Works  in  all  Branches,  including  First  Editions 
of  Dickens— Henry  Irving  Shakespeare,  on  Large  Paper— Thackeray's 
Works,  Edition  de  Luxe— Blake's  Works,  by  Ellis  and  Yeats— Scott's 
Waverley  Novels— Bronte's  Works,  Collected  Edition— various  Editions 
of  Shakespeare— Persian  Books— Works  relating  to  Napoleon,  &c. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 

FRIDAY  NEXT. — Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King-street,  Covent- garden,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  January  22,  at  half-past  '2  o'clock  preciselv.  about 
400  lots  of  PHOTOGRAPHIC  and  SCIENTIFIC  APPARATUS,  and 
Miscellaneous  Property  from  various  private  sources. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 

MONDA  Y,  January  25. 

A  General  Collection  of  Natural.  History  Specimens,  Curiosities, 

Heads  and  Horns  of  Animals,  S;c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at   his    Great    Rooms,    38,    King -street.   Covent- 
garden,  on  MONDAY,  January  25,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  4  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues bad. 

PALL  MALL. — The  remaining  Drawings  of  M 'iss  MATILDA 
E.  WRA  TISLA  W,  deceased  ;  77,0  Sketches  from  the  Studio 
of  T.  B.  HARDY;  and  choice  Artists'  Proof  Engravings. 

MESSRS.  FOSTER  respectfully  announce  for 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  the  Gallery,  54.  Pall  Mall,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY NEXT,  the  20th  inst ,  at  1  o'clock  precisely  (by  direction  of  the 
Executors  of  the  late  Miss  WKAITSLAW).  the  remaining  DRAWINGS, 
principally  Views  in  Venice  and  Rome  ;  140  Sketches  by  T.  IS  Hardy, 
Coast  and  Marine  Views;  and  50  Artists' Proof  Engravings,  to  be  sold 
without  reserve  to  close  an  account. 

May  be  viewed  Monday  and  Tuesday  next,  when  Catalogues  may  be 
bad. 
64,  Pall  Mall. 


M 


The  Collection  of  Armour  and  Arms  of  Her r  ZSCH1LLE. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  PELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Great  Rooms,  King-street.  St.  James's-square.  on  MONDAY. 
Januarv  25,  and  Four  Following  Days,  and  on  MONDAY,  February  1.  at 
1  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable  COLLECTION  of  ARMOUR,  ARMS, 
and  EQUIPMENTS  of  Herr  ZSCHILLE,  comprising  a  very  complete 
Series  of  Swords  from  the  Thirteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Century- 
choice  examples  of  Heavy  Fighting  Swords.  Foiling  Estocs,  Landsrecht 
Swords,  Rapiers,  and  Dress  Swords  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  including  an  Italian  Sword  of  the  early  part  of  the 
Sixteenth  Century,  chiselled  and  gilt  Bronze  Hilt,  and  engraved  Calendar 
Blade— a  very  fine  Rapier  of  the  end  of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  chiselled 
and  damascened  with  Gold  and  Silver— Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Century 
Daggers— Stilettos— Venetian  Cinquedeas,  includingavery  fine  example 
with  engraved  and  gilt  Blade  and  Cuir  Bouilli  Scabbard,  by  Ercolo  da 
Fideli— Helmets  from  the  Fifteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Centuries— Close 
Helmets  — Salades —  Tournament  Helmets— Engraved  and  Embossed 
Morions  —  an  Embossed  Casque  of  Classical  Form,  damascened  and 
plated  with  Gold  and  Silver  — Breast  Plates  of  various  periods- 
Gauntlets  and  Tilting  Pieces— Pavis— Shields  and  Rondache— Painted 
Tournament  and  Arches  Shields— a  Circular  Rondache  of  Blued  Steel, 
damascened  with  Allegorical  Subjects  in  Gold  and  Silver— Fifteenth 
and  Sixteenth  Century  Halberds,  Guisarmes,  Spetums  Voulges,  and 
Glaves,  many  finely  engraved  with  Family  Arms —  Crossbows  and 
Arbalests  of  fine  quality— Guns,  Rifles,  and  Pistols  by  Celebrated  Makers 
— Horse  Armour,  Bits,  and  Saddles,  including  a  Carved  Stag's  Horn 
Saddle  of  the  end  of  the  Fourteenth  Century— Boar  Spears— Hunting 
Swords— and  Two  Hunting  Horns  of  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth 
Centuries.  Most  of  the  preceding  objects  have  been  purchased  from 
the  Londesborough,  Meyrick,  De  Cosson,  Gimpel,  and  other  celebrated 
Collections.  The  whole  of  the  Collection  was  exhibited  at  the  Chicago 
Exhibition,  and  part  of  the  Collection  at  the  Imperial  Institute. 

Catalogues  may  be  had,  price  Sixpence;  Illustrated  Catalogues,  price 
Haifa-Guinea. 

The  late  BARON  DE  HIRSCH'S  Collection  of  Pictures 
from  Bath  House* 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Great  Rooms.  King-street,  St.  James's-square.  on  SATURDAY, 
February  6.  at  1  o'clock  preciselv  (by  order  of  the  Executrix),  the  valu- 
able COLLECTION  of  ANCIENT  and  MODERN  PICTURES  of  the 
BARON  DE  HIRSCH.  deceased,  removed  from  Bath  House,  comprising 
a  Portrait  of  La  Fontaine  and  Ten  Panels  illustrating  La  Fontaine's 
Fables,  by  Philip  Rousseau— Portrait  of  Lord  Mulgrave,  whole  length, 
by  T  Gainsborough,  R.A.— The  Love  Token,  by  G  H  Roughton,  R.A.— 
Fishing  Boats  Ashore,  by  E.  W.  Cooke,  R  A —View  of  Constantinople, 
by  F  Ziem— and  others  by  R  Fleury,  De  Keyser,  J.  L.  David,  De  Noter, 
and  T.  Stevens,  also  An  Interior,  by  G.  Terburg,  engraved  by  Wille, 
described  in  Smith's  Catalogue— Two  grand  Gallery  Works  of  F.  Snyders 
—and  good  Examples  of 

Berchem  Kauffman  Ruysdael 

Both  Largilliere  Schalcken 

Boucher  Van  Loo  J .  Steen 

Casanova  F  Mieris  Tocque 

Coello  Mytens  V.  Dyck 

Cuyp  Nollekins  Velasquez 

Drouais  A.  Ostade  Van  de  Velde 

Hobbema  Le  Prince  Verheijen. 

Pictures  by  Old  Masters,  the  Property  of  a  Gentleman. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's-square,  on  SATURDAY, 
February  6  (after  the  Sale  of  the  Pictures  of  the  late  Baron  Hirsch),  the 
COLLECTION  of  PICTURES  by  OLD  MASTERS,  the  Properly  of  a 
GENTLEMAN,  including  Works  by  the  following  Artists,  among 
others : — 


THE  CONDUIT-STREET  AUCTION  GALLERIES. 

MESSRS.   KNIGHT,  FRANK   &    RUTLEY   will 
SELL    by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Galleries,  as  above,  on 
WEDNESDAY   NEXT,   January  20.  and   Following  Dav.  at  1  o'clock 

Srecisely.  GOLD.  SILVER,  and  BRONZB  COINS  — War  Medals- 
ledalllons— Gold  Broad  of  Cromwell— William  III.  Five-Guinea  Piece 
—a  Collection  of  rare  Postage  stamps— Lewis's  Topographical  Dic- 
tionary, 10  vols— Two  One  Violins— Ivory  Carvings — choice  Bronzes 
and  China— Louis  Seize  Drawing-Room  Suite  of  Furniture  and  Furni- 
ture de  Chemim'e-Pietra  Dura  Cabinets— Carved  Oak  Library  Table— 
Bartolozzi  and  other  Engravings— Paintings  by  Herring,  Bromley,  and 
others— Service ol  Sliver  Spoonsand  Fork*,  415  ox.— Silver  Cake  Basket, 
date  1700-ran-  Specimen  Pieces  of  Old  Italian.  Flemish,  and  other  Lace 
—Fur  TravellingCoats— a  superb  Snow  Tiger  ting— a  fen  Havana  Cigars 
—Forty-six  Dozen  Champagne,  Sandeman's  Port,  Beaune,  and  Claret— 
and  a  Quantity  of  other  valuable  Effects. 

On  view  two  days  prior     Catalogues  free. 
Offices  and  Galleries-0,  Conduit-street,  W.  |  28a,  Maddox-street,  W. 

ESSRS.     CHRISTIE,    MANSON    &    WOODS 

respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following  SALES 
by  AUCTION  at  their  Great  Booms,  King-street,  St.  James's-square,  the 
Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On  MONDAY,  January  18,  the  COLLECTION 

of   MODERN    PICTUHB8  and    DRAWINGS  of  P.   MICHAUD,   Esq  , 
deceased. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  January  20,  the  COLLEC- 
TION of  ENGRAVINGS  after  MKISSONIERof  Mr.  JAMES  1 1  \  <, 

On    THURSDAY,   January  21,  ENGRAVINGS 

after  Sir  E.  LANDSEKR,  the  Property  of  a  Gentleman. 

On  FRIDAY,  January  22,  DECORATIVE  FUR- 

NITURE  and  OBJECT8  of  ART 

On   SATURDAY,   January  23,  MODERN    Pic- 
tures and  DRAWINGS  of  J   W.  LBACH  ASHE,  Esq.,  deceased. 


A.  Cuyp 

J.  Crdme 

J.  Le  Due 

J.  Fyt 

T.  Gainsborough 

F.  Guardi 


M.  Hondecoeter 
P.  De  Hooch 
N.  Maes 
G.  Morland 
A.  Van  der  Neer 


A.  Van  de  Velde 
Sir  D.  Wilkie 
R   Wilson,  R  A. 
Wouverman 
J.  Wynants. 


VOL.  XV  JUST  PUBLISHED. 

STANDARD   EDITION 

OF   THE 

WAVERLEY 

NOVELS. 

In  25  MONTHLY  VOLUMES. 

Each  Volume  containing  a  Photo- 
gravure Frontispiece  printed  on 
Japanese  Vellum  Paper. 

Crown  8vo.  bound  in  art  canvas, 
gilt  top,  price  2s.  6<i. ; 

Or  in  full  limp  leather,  gilt  edges, 
price  3s.  6d. 


Important  Sale  of  a  comprehensive  Library. —  YORK. 

MESSRS.  RICHARDSON  &  TROTTER  have 
received  instructions  from  H.  B.  FTRMAN.  Esq  .  to  SELL  bv 
AUCTION,  at  BOAVMAN'S  REPOSITORY,  PEARHOLME  -GREEN, 
YORK,  on  WEDNESDAY,  January  20.  1897,  at  11  a  m  precisely,  the 
valuable  LIBRARY  removed  from  «iateforth  Hall,  about  5,000  volumes, 
including  ancient  and  modern  Standard  Works  in  all  Branches  of 
Literature,  many  embellished  with  superb  illustrations  and  plates  by 
the  most  eminent  Artists. 

Catalogues,  3d.  each,  can  be  obtained  from  the  Auctioneers,  14,  Coney- 
street,  York. 


THE    JEWISH     QUARTERLY     REVIEW. 

Edited  by  I.  ABRAHAMS  and  C.  G.  MONTEFIORE. 

Vol.  IX.    JANUARY.    No.  34. 

Price  3s.  Gd.    Annual  Subscription,  post  Iree,  lis. 

Contents. 

"The  MISSION  of  JI'DAISM."  Recapitulation:  by  Oswald  J  Simon. 
Opinions:  (1)  The  Rev.  Dr.  ADLER,  Chief  Rabbi;  (2)  Miss 
Sylvie  d'Avigdor;  (H)  The  Rev.  J.  Estlin  Carpenter;  (It  Mrs. 
Nathaniel  Cohen;  (5)  Fred.  C.  Conybeare;  (6)  The  Rev  Dr.  Druni- 
niond  ;  (7,  8)  The  Editors ;  (9)  The  Rev.  S.  Friedeberg;  (10)  Colonel 
A  B.  Goldsmld;  111)  Tin'  Rev  Morris  Joseph  ;  (12)  H  8.  Lewis; 
( 13)  Lady  Magnus  ;  (141  The  Rev.  Prof.  I).  W.  Marks  ;  (1.1)  The  Rev. 
Dr.  James  Martincau  ;  (16)  The  Rev.  L  M.  Simmons  ;  (17)  The  Rev. 
S  Singer,  (IS)  Miss  Anna  Swanwick  ;  (19) The  Rev.  Charles  Voysey  ; 
(20)  Lucien  Wolf  ;  (21)  I   Zangwill. 

An  INTRODUCTION  to  the  ARABIC  LITERATURE  of  the  JEWS. 
I.  By  Dr.  M  Stcinschneider— UNITARIANI8M  and  JUDAISM. 
in  their  RELATIONS  to  EACH  OTHER.  By  C.  G.  Monteflore  — 
ART  in  the  SYNAGOGUE  By  Prof  D.  Kaufmann  — The  TREATISE 
on  ETERNAL  BLISS  ATTRIBUTED  to  MOSES  MAIMUNI  By 
Prof.  VV.  Bacher.—  TRANSLATIONS  of  HEBREW  POEMS.  Trans- 
lated by  Miss  Nina  Davis  —ANOTHER  WORD  on  the  DIETARY 
LAWS.  By  the  Rev.  M.  Hyamson.— The  SOURCES  of  JOSEPHUS 
for  the  HISTORY  of  SYRIA.  By  ProL  Adolf  Buchler.— CRITICAL 
NOTICE— MISCELLANEA. 
Macmillan  &  Co.,  Limited,  London.    New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

DECORATION  of  a  ROOM  in  GRAFFITO; 
also  Interiors  of  new  Technical  School.  Liverpool;  Peter- 
borough Cathedral;  Use  of  Geometry  in  Designing  Buildings  with 
I  Hugramg) ;  Tests  of  Steel  and  Concrete  Floors,  &c. 

Sec  the  BUILDER  of  January  10  (4.f. ;  by  post,  4J<f.). 
Publisher  of  the  nuilder.  46.  Catherine-street,  London,  W.C. 

Now  ready  (RSth  Year  of  Publication), 

THE    BRITISH     IMPERIAL    CALENDAR   and 
CIVIL    SERVICE    LIST    for    1K'>7       Prion  .1.  ;     with    Index    of 
Names.  7<  ;  with  Index  and  Companion  to  the  Calendar.  Da 

Warrington  *  Co    2.1.  Oarrlck-stroot ;   Longman  &  Co.;   Slmpkln  & 
Co  ;  Peacock,  Mansfield  &  Co.  ;  and  all  Booksellers. 

Just  published,  gvo  cloth,  2s.  6,1  ,  postage  ;w. 

NATURE  and  the  ROOK.     Village  Lectures  by 
the  EARL  of  MOUNT  l.DOCUMBE      With  Diagrams. 
London  i    Edward    Stanford,    20   and   27,  CockBpur-strcct,  Charing 
Cross,  s  \V 


VOL.  IV.  JUST  PUBLISHED. 

STANDARD    EDITION 

OF    THE 

COLLECTED 
WRITINGS 

OF 

THOMAS 
DE    QUINCE  Y. 

In  14  MONTHLY   VOLUMES. 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top, 
price  2s.  Gc/. 


A.  &;  C.  BLACK,  Soho-square,  London. 


G8 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


N°  3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


CHATTO&WINDUS'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


Mr.  G.  A.  IIENTY'S  New  Novel, 
THE  QUEENS  CUP, 

is  now  ready,  and  can   be  sup- 
plied in  3  vols,  at  every  Library. 

A  NEW  "TIMES  NOVEL." 
Mrs.  CROKER'S  New  Novel, 

BEYOND  THE  PALE: 

An  Irish  Romance, 
mil  be  ready  at  all  Booksellers' 
on    January   28.     Crown    8vo. 
buckram,  6s. 


New 


Mrs.   HUNGERFORD'S 

Volume  of  Stories, 

AN  ANXIOUS  MOMENT, 

is  now  ready  at  all  Booksellers' . 
Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d. 

WILLIAM   WE  ST  ALL'S  New 

Novel, 
WITH  THE   RED  EAGLE: 
A  Romance  of  the  Tyrol, 

is  now  ready  at  all  Booksellers' . 

Crown  8vo.  cloth  gilt,  6s. 


The   NARRATIVE    of    CAPTAIN 

COIGNET,  Soldier  of  the  Empire,  1776-1850- 
Edited    from    the    Original    MS.   by    LORE- 
DAN    LARCHEY,  and    Translated    by   Mrs. 
M.  CAREY.  With  100  Illustrations,  crown  8vo. 
cloth  extra,  3s.  6d. 
"A  good,  sound,  rattling  tale  of  thrilling  adven- 
ture  Like  'The  Red  Badge  of  Courage,'  'Cap- 
tain Coignet '  yields  a  richer  fund  of  entertainment 
than  the  mere  glory  of  romance.     The  actors  in 
their  habit  as  they  lived  play  out  their  parts  before 

us All   these  matters,   and    a    thousand   more 

equally  torrible,  and  related  with  equal  vividness, 
we  find  in  the  pages  of  this  incomparable  French 
narrative." — Morning  Lead?*. 


The  CRUSADE  of  the  "  EXCELSIOR." 

By  BRET  HARTE.  With  a  Frontispiece  by 
J.  Bernard  Partridge.  New  Edition,  crown  8vo. 
cloth,  3s.  Gd. 


MARK  TWAIN'S    LIBRARY    of 

HUMOUR.  With  197  Illustrations  by  E.  W. 
Kemble.  On  January  21,  a  New  Edition, 
crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  Gd. 

On  JANUARY  21,  a  NEW  EDITION, 

MRS.    TREGASKISS:    a    Novel    of 

Anglo-Auhtralian  Life.  By  Mrs.  CAMPBELL 
PRAED.  With  8  Full-Page  Illustrations  by 
Robert  Sauber.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  Gd. 


MESSRS.    LONGMANSJfc    CO.'S    LIST. 

NEW    BOOK    BY    MR.    ANDREW    LANG 


PICKLE      T 

Or,    the    Incognito    of 
By     ANDREW 


HE      SPY; 

Prince    Charles. 


LANG. 

With  6  Portraits.  8vo.  18«. 
V  Thi.  book  is  not  a  novel.  though  it  contain,  the  material,  of  romance.  The  .ubject  i.  the  m*'**°U' ?'""^n~ 
of  Prince  Charles  from  February  28,  1749.  practically  till  hi.  father",  death  in  1766.  These  ye*r.  e.pecUl.y  174,-  ,56  wer. 
occupied  in  European  hide-and-.eek.  The  Ambassador,  and  Court,  of  Europe,  and  the  .pie.  of  England.  w  re  Wp^tffl 
in  1750  a  Highland  chief  of  the  bighe.t  rank  .old  himself  to  the  English  Government.  The  book  contain,  hi.  ™P«J'»** 
letters  and  information,  with  those  of  another  spy.  James  Mobr  Macgregor.  Bob  Roy's  son  These,  wmbmedw.thtjhe 
Stuart  Papers  in  Her  Majesty's  Library  at  Windsor,  the  Letter,  from  English  Ambassador.  in  the  SUU  Paper.,  tl  Pol.U«l 
Correspondence  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and  the  French  Archive.,  illuminate  a  chapter  .n  Secret  History  1 he  ..ngular 
story  of  Macalle.ter  the  spy  also  yield,  some  fact.,  and  the  whole  exhibit,  the  last  romance  of  the  Stuart.,  and  the  extreme, 
of  loyalty  and  treason.  

GOVERNMENTS  and  PARTIES  in  CONTINENTAL  EUROPE. 

By  A.  LAWRENCE  LOWELL.    2  vol..  8vo.  21s.  hri.ft_ 

<■  Mr.  Lawrence  Lowell  has  rendered  a  service  to  the  student  of  European  politics.  His; aim fa**  teen  *  "P™^™?^ 
the  relation  between  the  development  of  political  parties  and  the  mechanism  of  modern  government  in  the  principal 
European  SUU..--IW  SECOND     EDITION. 

The  GIRLHOOD  of  MARIA  JOSEPHA   H0LR0YD   (LADY 

STANLEY  of  ALDERLEY),  a.  told  in  Letters  of  a  Hundred  Years  Ago,  from  1776  to  1796.     With  6  Portrait.. 
"  We  strongly  recommend  this  work  to  those  who  love  a  racy  picture  of  their  grandparent.'  lives  ."-Spectator. 

DISEASES  of  PLANTS  INDUCED  by  CRYPTOGAMIC  PARA- 

B^c.  Ph.D  ,  Lecturer  on  Plant  Physiology.  University  of  Edinburgh.    With  330  Illustrat.on..     8vo.  18*.  net. 

HAND-IN-HAND  FIGURE  SKATING.  ByNorcliffe  G.  Thompson 

and  F.  LAURA  CANNAN,  Members  of  the  Skating  Club.  With  an  In^ctJon  by  < PX*b°  tte^toWedon  Ikati^g 
Member  of  the  Figure  Committee  of  the  National  Skating  Association,  the  Skating  Club,  the  Wimoieaon  ohaung 
Club,  &c.     With  Illustrations.     16mo.  6s. 

SERMONS  PREACHED  on  SPECIAL  OCCASIONS,  1858-1889. 

By  the  Rev.  HENRY  PARRY  LIDDON,  D.D.  D.C.L.  LL.D  ,  late  Canon  and  Chancellor  of  St.  Paul'..    Crown  8vo.  5s. 

A  BOOK  for  EVERY  WOMAN.    Part  II.  Woman  in  Health  and 

out  of  HEALTH.  By  JANE  H.  WALKER,  L.R.C.P.I.  L  R.C.S.  M.D.  (Brux.),  Physician  to  the  New  Hospital  for 
Women,  &c.    Crown  8vo.  2s.  $d. 

The  PRINCESS  DESIREE :  a  Romance.    By  Clementina  Black. 

With  8  Illustrations  by  John  Williamson.    Crown  8vo.  6s. 

"The  reader  who  begins  this  very  fascinating  tale  will  feel  bound  to  finish  it .The : story ■runt  natural* '.  m  e^ushly 

romantic  vein.    It  is,  however,  so  brightly  and  choicely  written,  and  is  so  interesting  throughout,  as  to  be  to  the  reader  a 
source  of  real  delight."— Aberdeen  Daily  Free  Press. 

The  MATCHMAKER :  a  Story.     By  L.  B.  Walford.    New  and 

Cheaper  Edition.    Crown  8vo.  2s.  6rf.  

THE    SILVER    LI BRARY-^ew  volumes. 
The   PEOPLE    of  the  MIST.     By  H.  Rider  Haggard.     With 

16  Illustrations.    Crown  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

The  JEWEL   of  YNYS   GALON:  being  a  hitherto  unprinted 

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THE     EDINBURGH     REVIEW. 

1897.     8vo.  price  6s. 

7    The    PROGRESS    and    PROCEDURE    of   the    CIVIL 
COURTS  of  ENGLAND. 

8.  WHAT  WAS  the  GUNPOWDER  PLOT  ? 

9.  ROOKS  and  their  WAYS. 

10.  NEWSPAPERS,  STATESMBN,  and  the  PUBLIC. 
11    FINANCIAL   RELATIONS  of   GREAT   BRITAIN  and 

IKELAND. 


No.  379.      JANUARY 

1.  FORTY-ONE  YEARS  in  INDIA. 

2.  ULSTER  BEFORE  the  UNION. 

3.  WILLIAM  MORRIS,  POET  and  CRAFTSMAN. 

4.  SIR  GEORGE  TRESSADY. 

5.  ALGERIA. 

6.  The  '  PHARSALIA '  of  LUCAN. 


London:  CHATTO  &  WINDUS.  Ill  St.  Martin's-lane,  W.C. 


THE     ENGLISH     HISTORICAL     REVIEW. 

Edited  by  S.  R.  GARDINER.  D.C.L.  LL.D.,  and  REGINALD  L.  POOLE,  M.A.  Ph.D. 
No  45.    JANUARY,  1897.    Price  5s. 

NEwlfoHTs"  on  the  DIVORCE  of  HENRY  VIII.     Part  II.    By  I™"0^'     WH     „    j,  R,  Tmut, 
The  ADMINISTRATION  of  the  NAVY  from  the  RESTORATION  to  the  REVOLUTION.    By      k. 
A  ROYALIST  SPY  during  the  REIGN  of  TERROR.    By  J.  H.  Clapham 

ANDREW  JACKSON  and  the  NATIONAL  BANK.    By  R.  Seymour  Long.  periodicaU.     S.-List  of  Becent 

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73 


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FOUR    GENERATIONS    OF    A   LITERARY    FAMILY. 

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minister  (1764)— His  marriage  to  Grace  Loftus  (17(16)— Connexion 
between  the  Families  of  Loftus  and  Pentlow  of  Oxfordshire— Removal 
of  the  Rev.  W.  Hazlitt  to  various  places— Settlement  at  Maidstone — 
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per?ons — Mr.  Hazlitt  takes  charge  of  a  congregation  at  Bandon,  in 
Ireland  (1780;— Intellectual  value  of  the  alliance  with  the  l.oftuses — 
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behalf— His  representations  to  the  Government,  and  change  of  the 
garrison— His  untenable  position — Determination  to  emigrate— Arrival 
at  New  York  (July  26,  1783)— Immediate  invitation  to  preach  before 
the  Jersey  Assembly— The  family  proceeds  to  Philadelphia— Account 
of  the  City — Mr.  Hazlitt  declines  the  presidency  of  the  New  College 
at  Carlisle  —  Acquisition  of  Friends  —  Family  sorrows — Mr.  Hazlitt 
goes  to  Maryland  —  His  serious  illness  —  Excessive  kindness  of  his 
American  friends  —  Heroic  conduct  of  his  eldest  son  —  Delivery  of 
lectures  at  Philadelphia  — Refusal  of  otters  to  settle  at  Charlestown 
and  Pittsburg— Mr.  Hazlitt  goes  to  Boston  to  preach  (June,  1784) — 
The  family  quits  Philadelphia  (August.  1784)  —  Description  of  the 
journey  to  Boston— Perth  Ainboy— An  American  breakfast  more  than 
one  hundred  years  since — Burlington— Mr.  Shakespeare— Rhode  Island 
—New  York — Providence— Jamaica  Plains— Miss  Hazlitt's  Narrative — 
Weymouth— Agreeable  Acquaintances  made  there— Captain  Whitman — 
The  Johnny  cakes— General  Lovell— Pictures  by  Copley  and  West— 
Glimpses  of  "little  William  "—Description  of  humming  and  other 
birds— Lectures  at  Boston— Severity  of  the  winter  of  1784— Hingham— 
Ebenezer  Gay — Anecdotes  of  him — Visits  to  Salem  and  Cape  Cod— Mr. 
Hazlitt  prepares  a  liturgy  lor  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  Weymouth — 
He  reprints  some  of  Dr.  Priestley's  tracts  and  his  own—  Visit  to  Hallo- 
well  on  the  Kennebec— Wild  country — Wolves  troublesome — Removal 
to  Upper  Dorchester— Some  account  of  New  England — A  cat-a-mount 
(puma;— Rattlesnakes— Return  of  Mr.  Hazlitt  to  England,  leaving  his 
family  behind— His  kind  reception  by  Mr.  David  Lewis— John  Hazlitt 
executes  a  pastel  of  Mr  Ebenezer  Gay— And  a  crayon  of  his  sister,  the 
diarist,  a  farewell  gift  to  a  girl  friend— Preparation  for  departure — 
Great  tire  at  Koston  (April  10,  1787)— Att'ectionate  leave-taking— Otters  of 
pecuniary  aid  declined  — Embarkation  at  Boston  (July 4, 1787)— A  fellow- 
passenger's  story— Arrival  at  Portsmouth— Lodgings  taken  at  Walworth 
— The  Montpelier  Tea-gardens— The  London  print-shops— Settlement  at 
Weni,  in  Shropshire— Fondness  of  William  for  the  place— Remarks  on 
the  American  experiment  — The  Rev.  Mr.  Hazlitt's  character  and 
straitened  opportunities  —  His  letter  on  Sterne— Germs  of  mental 
development  in  him— A  letter  from  William  to  his  mother  (1790) — 
Reason  for  its  insertion — The  writer's  gradual  abandonment  of  the 
ministry  as  a  calling— His  intellectual  progress. 


THE  SECOND  GENERA  T/ON. 

William  Hazlitt  still  at  Wem— His  studies— Obscurity  of  the  period- 
Meeting  with  Coleridge— Note  to  his  father  on  the  subject— The  '  Essay 
on  Human  Action'  on  the  stocks — Crabb  Robinson's  extraordinary 
testimony  to  his  genius— Sir  James  Mackintosh's  lectures  in  1799— Visit 
to  the  Louvre  in  1802— On  his  return  Hazlitt  paints  portraits  of  Samuel 
Taylor  Coleridge  and  his  son  Hartley,  of  Wordsworth,  of  his  own  father, 
of  Mr  shepherd  of  Oateacre,  and  of  Charles  Lamb  (1803-5)— His  obliga- 
tions to  his  brother  John— His  dissatisfaction  with  himself-Relinquish- 
ment  of  art— Early  literary  work— Slender  practial  results— The  '  Essay 
on  Human  Action  '  completed  and  published  (1805)— Godwin  and  Hazlitt 
meet  again— Hazlitt's  obligations  to  the  former— Letters  from  Hazlitt  to 
his  father  and  others  (1806-8)— The  theatres  visiied— Settlement  in 
London— Engagement  on  the  press-The  Gallery,  past  and  present— 
Glimpses  ol  the  third  William  Hazlitt— John  Hazitt's  set— Attacks  upon 
Hazlitt  by  the  lories— 'Memoirs  of  Holcroft'  published— ■  Characters  of 
shakespcar  s  Plays  '— Ciicumstances  leading  to  the  enterprise— Efforts 
of  the  Tories  to  crush  it— Hazlitt's  increasing  work— Letter  to  Charles 
Oilier  (1815)— Lectures  at  the  Surrey  Institution  (1818-20)— Thackeray 
and  his  'English  Humourists '—The  '  Political  Essays'  (1819)— Last  days 
of  the  Kev.  W  Hazlitt— His  death  (1820)— His  works— A  letter  from  him 
to  a  friend  (1814)— Notices  of  his  family— Hazlitt's  Lectures  on  poetry 
and  the  drama— The  audience— Keats,  the  Landseers.  Crabb  Robinson, 
Talfourd.  &c  —An  anecdote— The  rupture  with  Leigh  Hunt— Difficulties 
of  Hazlitt's  position  — Letter  to  Hunt— The  London  Magazine  —  John 
Scott— His  estimate  of  Hazlitt— Friction  between  the  London  Magazine 
and  HUickwoud  (1818)— Successful  action  by  Hazlitt  against  Htackwood— 
Keats 's  account— Letter  to  Scott- Hazlitt  s  Influential  position  on  the 
iAmdmi  MugaztM  alter  Scott's  death— The  second  Blackpool  affair  (18»3) 

I  i iter  of  Hazlitt  to  Cadell— Professor  Wilson  and  Leigh  Hunt— 
Ha/litts  literary  and  other  associates— Some  of  his  personal  and 
political  drawbacks— Ili9  brother's  influence  on  the  formation  of  his 
circle— The  Southampton  Arms— Mouncey,  Wells,  and  other  visitors— 
His  more  habitual  and  Intimate  acquaintances  —  Godwin,  Holcroft 
Fawoett.  Lamb,  toe  Montagus,  the  Procters.  Patmore.  Knowles,  and 
the  HcynellB— Peculiar  Importance  of  the  Reynells  and  the  Lambs— 
Northcnte  and  the  Iloswell  Kedivivus '-Godwin-Wells— Some  account 
of  his  last  dais  at  Marseilles-Home  — Wainewrlght— Joseph  Parkes 
and  "The  Fight "— Patmore  —  Anecdotes  of  him— The  good  service 
performed  by  Knowles  and  him  to  Hazlitt  in  1822  .T— Henry  Colburn 
-ihe  art  of  putting— Colburn  and  Northcote— An  anecdote  of  Leigh 
Hunt- 1  he  Court  Journal  and  Literary  Gazette— William  Jerdan  and  the 
paper-knife  school  of  criticism-  Murke's  ■  Peerage  '-Hum  &  Blackelt 
—  lhackeray's  Jenkins— Mouncey  —  Cowden  Clarkc-Hissey  the  pub- 
lisher—The  Liber  Amoris  —Sheridan  Knowles -Dedication  to  Hazlitt 
of  bis  play  of  Alfred  '— Ihe  first  Mrs.  Hazlitt  and  her  relatives— Anec- 
dotes of  her  and  them  -Sir  John  stoddart— Archbishop  Sumner-  My 
father  and  I— The  second  marrlage-Hazlit  t  s  tour  abroad— Meeting  with 
Leigh  Hunt,  Landor,  Medwln,  &c  —Letters  to  I  andor  and  to  his  own 
son— The  union  with  the  second  Mrs.  Hazlitt  determined— The  '  Life  of 
Napoleon'— Letters  on  the  subject  to  Hunt  and  Clarke— The  parallel 
Lives  br  Hazlitt  and  Scott— Lamb's  estimate  of  the  former-A  plea  for 
the  book— The  author  as  a  man  of  business— Some  unpublished  corre- 
spondence-Hazlitt's  last  days  and  death-Jeffrey's  kindness-  Hazlitt 
and  Scott—  Umb,  Scott,  and  Godwin  8oho  a  fashionable  address— 
Home  takes  the  plaster  cast  of  Hazlitt- Lines  on  the  latter  by  an 
American  lady  -Remarks  on  my  grandfather's  character  and  writings 
-Alexander  Ireland  and  his  publications  on  him— Some  particulars 
of  John  Hazlitt  the  miniaturist 


7  HE  THIRD  GENERATION. 

HazlIU')  son  His  exertions  to  obtain  employment- nulwrr-I.ytton— 
I  he  'Literary  ltemalnB '-Difficulties  In  procuring  material  for  a 
biography  of  his  father-Engagement  on  the  Morning  U v  Mar- 
riage to  Miss  Keynell-The  Free  List-Charles  Keinble-  testimonies 


CONTENTS. 

from  literary  correspondents— Wordsworth— Haydon— The  Procters — 
Anecdotes  of  Procter,  Haydon.  and  Hood— Robert  Chambers  — My 
father's  careeras  a  journalist  and  man  of  letters— His  contact  with  Lord 
Palmerston— A  curious  contretemps— My  co-operation  in  literary  work— 
My  father  edits  a  book  for  the  Duke  of  Wellington  through  Murray- 
How  the  terms  were  fixed  —  Dinner-hour  in  those  days  —  Tennyson 
referred  to— My  father  at  Chelsea— The  German  Beeds— Carlyle— His 
wife— Carlyle's  reference  to  my  grandfather— His  position  as  a  historian 
— Anecdote  of  him  and  Tennyson— Turner  at  Chelsea— Buskin's  opinion 
of  him— Hazlitt's  judgment  of  Turner's  later  style— Cremorne  Gardens 
—John  Martin  the  artist— His  work  on  Metropolitan  drainage- 
Changes  in  Chelsea— The  Chelsea  Bun  House— The  river  and  my  rowing 
experiences— I  join  the  Merchant  Taylors'  eight— Gordon  Cumming— 
The  Keynells— Their  descent  and  connexions— The  house  in  Piccadilly 
—Some  account  of  the  old  printing-office,  its  staff,  and  its  surroundings 
— The  Mating  Calendar  and  the  '  Hellman's  Verses'  printed  there — The 
'Lounger's  Commonplace  Book'  and  its  author— George  Frederick 
Cooke,  the  tragedian,  a  journeyman  at  Mr,  Reynell's— Origin  of  swan 
&  Edgar's  —  Tattersall's  —  Bullock's  Museum  —  Many  of  Byron  s, 
Shelley's,  and  Keats's  books  produced  by  my  grandfather  Reynell — 
Benjamin  West,  R  A.— My  mother— Charles  Kemble's  idea  about  her — 
The  Examiner— My  recollections  of  the  early  staff— Professor  Morley — 
My  uncle  Reynell's  youthful  associations— Keats— His  'Endymion* — 
Lamb  and  the  *  delect  British  Poets  '—John  Forster—  'I  heir  acquaintance 
with  the  Mulreadys— its  source— S.  W.  Reynolds,  the  engraver- Glimpse 
of  Westbourne  Grove— The  two  Coulsons— John  Black— His  connexion 
with  the  Morning  Chronicle— How  he  lost  it— Jeremy  Bentham—  His 
habits  and  his  visitors— Voelber's  Gymnasium— The  Reynells  meet  Lord 
Clarendon  and  his  brother  there— Place,  the  tailor  and  pamphlet-col- 
lector, who  married  Mrs.  Chatierton — The  Westminster  .Renew— Robert- 
son—Henry  Cole— Cole  and  the  Exhibition  of  1851— Joseph  Cundall— 
Neal  (Krother  Jonathan)— sir  John  Bowring— Lord  Brougham— His  first 
brief— Leigh  Hunt— Account  of  his  last  days  and  his  death  at  my  uncle 
Reynell's  house— Anecdotes  of  him— His  story  about  Sheridan  Knowles 
—His  family— Thomag  Scott  of  Rams  gate— Particulars  of  his  personal 
history— His  connexion  with  Bishop  Colenso— The  Court  of  Bankruptcy 
— My  father's  legal  experiences  and  friends— Baron  Grant— Vice-chan- 
cellor Bacon— Mr.  Commissioner  Goul burn— Hazlitt  Road,  West  Ken- 
sington— Lord  Kenyon— Lord  Brougham— Lord  Chancellor  Westbury— 
Lord  Coleridge— Mr.  Justice  Hawkins— Serjeant  Wilkins— Street  and 
the  Law  Courts— Baxter  and  the  Tichborne  case— Sir  Charles  Lewis, 
M.  P. —Illiteracy  of  Lawyers—  My  father  and  George  Henry  Lewes— John 
Payne  Collier— The  Second  Shakespear  Folio— The  Club  founded  by 
Jerrold  and  his  friends  — Its  distinguished  members  and  guests — 
Thackeray— The  melodists  and  other  entertainers— Charles  Dickens  the 
younger,  my  father.  Holl,  and  Dillon  Croker— Hazlitt's  Wiltshire  songs 
— 'The  Wiltshire  Convict's  Farewell '—A  general  favourite— Anecdotes 
of  Jerrold— sir  B  W.  Richardson— Dr.  Diamond— Farther  glimpses  of 
John  Hazlitt  the  painter— Sundays  at  Twickenham  House— Account  of 
the  house,  ics  contents  and  its  visitors— Sir  Frederick  Pollock— Hep- 
worth  Dixon— Dr.  Doran— The  Fasti  of  Our  Club—*  shakespear  at  Our 
Club,'  18(30— Evans's. 


THE  FOURTH  GENERATION. 

Childhood  of  the  writer— Merchant  Taylor's  School— The  old-fashioned 
regime—  What  I  learned  there,  and  did  not  learn —  Anecdotes  of  the 
place  and  the  masters— Bemarks  on  University  Education— The  treat- 
ment of  the  classical  writers- Dr.  Bellamy— The  Rev  John  Bathurst 
Deane— The  Merchant  Taylors'  Company— The  War  ufhee  in  1864— Sir 
Robert  Hamilton— My  intimacy  with  him  and  his  famiy— Abuses  in  the 
service  and  mismanagement  of  our  military  affairs — Recollections  of 
two  years'  stay  in  the  War  Office— My  Irish  programme— Hamilton's 
tale  of  second-sight — My  Venetian  studies— Macaulay  and  Ruskin — The 
librarian  at  St.  Mark's— A  little  incident  on  the  Piazetto— My  maiden 
literary  publication-Murray's  proposed  'Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy '—My  '  Early  Popular  Poetry  '—The  '  Letters  '  of  Charles  Lamb — 
The  two  concurrent  editions  by  Canon  Ainger  and  the  wiiter— Observa- 
tions on  the  Canon's  treatment  of  the  subject,  and  attitude  toward  me 
—Mischief  arising  from  imperfect  and  unfaithful  texts— The  Canon's 
lost  opportunity— His  want  of  care,  knowledge,  and  experience— Tal- 
fourd and  the  'Letters'— My  other  literary  efforts— Bibliographical 
labours— Samples  <xf  my  correspondents — The  western  sunurbs  of 
London— Their  aspect  half  a  century  since— The  made  ground  in 
Knightsbridge,  Battel  sea,  Westminster,  and  elsewhere  —  Delahaye 
Street  and  the  chief  pastrycook  of  Charles  II.— Long  Ditch— Gradual 
formation  of  highways  and  growth  of  buildings— The  ancient  water- 
ways in  Knightsbridge  and  old  Brompton— Carriers'  carts,  waggons,  and 
coaches— Some  account  of  the  system  and  its  incidence — Suggestion  as 
to  Shakespear — The  primitive  omnibus — That  which  ran  to  Edmonton 
in  Charles  Lamb's  time— Loneliness  and  insecurity  of  the  suburban  roads 
—Anecdote  of  Hazlitt— Precautions  against  highwaymen  and  footpads 
— Notting  or  Nutting  Hill— Waggon-houses  at  Knightsbridge.  and  on 
the  Oxford  and  Uxoridge  Roads— Changes  on  the  northern  side  of  the 
Metropolis— The  scattered  markets— Their  value— That  at  Knights- 
bridge—Snipe  in  Tutlull  Fields  and  at  Millbank— Partridges,  snipe,  and 
rabbits  on  Barnes  Common— The  turnpikes — Those  at  Hyde  Park  Corner 
and  Tyburn,  &c  — The  Farmer  of  the  Gates— Knightsbridge— Original 
levels  and  boundaries— Traces  of  it  in  1371  and  15-6— Knightsbridge 
Green— The  old  watch-house— Old  Brompton— Brompton  Row—  Some  of 
its  early  inhabitants — Count  Rumford— Anecdote  of  the  Duchess  of  Kent 
—Mrs,  Lloyd  of  Crown  Court— Grove  House— William  Wilberforce — 
Elliot's  Fine  Pits— John  Hunt— Some  account  of  Faulkner  the  historian 

—  Bell  and  Horns  Lane— Pollard's  School  Gore  Lane— Charles  Mathews 
—Robert  Cruikshank  —Sir  John  Fleming's  daughters— Cromwell  House 
—Brompton  Vale— Chelsea  Pound— Curious  discovery  there—  Vestiges 
of  Chelsea  Common  — Brompton  nurseries— Walnut-tree  Walk— The 
Bull— Gunter  the  pastrycook— Krompton  Heath— Thistle  Grove— Little 
Chelsea— Purser's  Cross— Anecdotes  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Duke  of 
Wellington— Thomas  \\  right,  F  8  A  ,  and  Madame  Wright— The  Carter 
Halls  at  the  Rosery— Anecdote  about  Tennyson—  Guizot  at  Old  Bromp- 
ton—An  original  letter  from  him  to  my  father— Gloucester  Lodge- 
George  Canning  — Don  Carlos—  Braham  the  singer—  Brompton  "  parlia- 
ment "—A  mysterious  resident  in  BiomptonVale — The  Spagnolettis — 
The  Holls— Henry  Holl  the  actor— His  circle— O.  V.  Brooke—  Holl  as  a 
mimic  and  storyteller  Dickens  and  Forster— Some  ascount  of  the  latter 
—Frank  Holl,  it. a.-  Dr.  Duplex-  The  Hymns— H.  J  Byron  and  his 
family—  Early  development  of  a  dramatic  taste— As  a  medical  student— 
My  peculiar  Intimacy  with  blm  Our  evenings  together— People  I  met 
at  his  home  story  Ol  him  and  Arthur  Kketchley—  Byron'*  earliest 
love  affair  — The  Bancrofts- Mary  Wilton  at  the  strand— Robertson 
—Anecdotes  of  Byron  one  of  his  last  sayings— * BoblDSOU  Crust. e  ' 
and    Mis«    lArkin  — '  (  upid   and   Psyche'— The  old  actors  at  Brompton 

-  John  Reeve— Llston  The  KeelejB  Mrs  Cbatterton-Some  account 
of  Mr  and  Mrs  Keelcy  —  The  barrens  Characters  playd  iy  old 
Mr    1  arren     Contretemps  at,  a  dinner  parly  at  Thnrloe   l'laco— Durrant 

Cooper,  .?  s  \.    jhs  oanartU— One  about  Lhe  Queen  end  Prince  albeti 

William  Fanen  the  younger  sir  Henry  Irving— Webster  and  Harley 
Anecdote*  of  both  Buckttone  ■  As  an  actor— 'I  he  short-  petti  coat,  move- 
ment— Madame  Vestrls  and  Miss  Prisellle  Korton— Menkln'i  Maseppa— 
Mrs,  Fit/u  Lilian]     i  he  Bpsnlsh  i  tanoan    Behind  the  Rcones  at  fatrold*! 


benefit— Charles  Mathews  and  his  second  wife  — Edward  Wright  — 
Paul  Bedford— The  Adelphl  melodrama — The  more  modern  pantomime— 
A  daily  incident  at  Old  Brompton— The  French  Plays  and  the  Ethiopian 
serenaders  at  the  St.  James  s— The  Kenneys— The  Baron  de  Merger — 
His  father  and  Napoleon  I.— My  visit  to  the  Chateau  of  Plessis-Barbe, 
near  'lours— De  Merger  and  the  Third  Empire— My  first  acquaintance 
with  the  illustrated  French  literature— Dumas— Henri  Miirger's  '  Sc6nes 
de  la  Vie  Boheme ' —  Compared  with  Du  Maurier's  '  Trilby  *  — Saxe 
Bannister— His  Life  of  Paterson,  founder  of  the  Bank  of  England— Mrs. 
AstoratOld  Brompton— Her  relationship  to  the  Reynells— John  Jacob 
Astor—  Origin  of  his  fortune— Kensington— A  relic  of  St.  Mary  Abbot's 
—Norland  House  and  its  spring— Former  solitariness  of  the  neighbour- 
hood—General Fox— Carl  Engel — The  Bowmans  —  Fulham  — Walham 
Green  and  the  vicinity— Prima'val  forest — State  of  the  roads  between 

Fulham  and  the  adjacent  places— C Cottage— Captain    Webb,  the 

highwayman— Specimens  of  the  caxtseries  with  A  at  C Cottage- 
Anecdotes  related  by  both  of  us  of  our  professional  and  other  acquaint- 
ances—Lock— Sir  Matthew  Thompson— Brunei— cockburn— George  and 
Robert  Stephenson— Thomas  Brassey— Lord  Grimthorpe— Some  of  ray 
tales— Earnshaw  the  chronometer-maker — Tom  Sayers  the  pugilist — 
Watch-house  in  Marylebone  Lane— Glyn  the  banker— Laura  Bell — 
Skittles— The  Leicestershire  set— The  Bell  at  Leicester— Captain  Haymes 
—  Story  of  a  Bishop  at  Harrogate— An  adventure  at  York— George 
Tomline— Some  account  of  him  and  his  father— The  Paston  Letters— 
Harrington  the  pickpocket— A  curious  shop  in  Seven  Dials— Hammer- 
smith—Turnham  Green— Linden  House— Its  association  with  a  cause 
c^lt-bre—Dr.  Griffiths  andhis  distinguished  friends— Origin  of  lis  fortune 
— Thomas  Griffiths  Wainewright,  the  poisoner— Putney — Ladies'  Schools 
—The  Trimmers — Fairfax  House— Madame  Darau da's— Alterations  in 
the  High  Street— Remains  of  an  ancient  building — The  rivulet  down  tbe 
street— Tokenhouse  Yard— Morris  and  his  father— Anecdote  of  them 
relative  to  the  occupation  of  Paris  in  1815— Edward  Gibbon's  birthplace 
— Roehampton  —  Wandsworth  —  The  "Black  Sea "  — Beauties  ol  the 
neighbourhood — Wimbledon  Common— Its  historical  interest  and  im 
pottance— Barnes— Explanation  of  the  discovery  of  Roman  coins  there— 
The  Royal  Family— The  library  given  by  George  IV  to  the  nation— The 
Duke  of  Sussex— The  Queen— The  "  Jubilee  "  coinage— Our  obligations 
to  Her  Majesty— Orders  of  Merit  for  civilians— Penalty  of  along  reign— 
The  Queen  thinks  a  book  too  dear— The  offer  of  Her  Majesty  to  pay 
income-tax — A  cuiious  disillusionizing  glimpse — The  Royal  Family  as 
people  of  business— The  Prince  Consort— The  Albert  Memorial— A  few 
particulars  and  anecdotes  —  Princess  Beatrice  at  Darmstadt  —  The 
Battenbergs  and  Eatenborgs— The  Duke  of  Cambridge— The  Kaiser — 
"l.e  Grand  Monarque  " — Caroline  Bonaparte — Louis  XVIII. — Nicholas 
of  Russia  and  his  son— Sir  Roderick  Murchison— Napoleon  III  and  my 
fatht-r— The  Emperor  s  alleged  parentage— Sir  Robert  Peel  in  1817— Mr. 
Gladstone— My  pamphlet  on  public  affairs  (18S0) — General  Gordon — 
Illustrations  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  acquaintance  with  Ireland  and  its 
events — Sir  Henry  Taylor— General  Cunningham— Lord  Rosebery — Tbe 
Primroses  of  Adelaide,  .-outh  Australia— A  Scottish  friend's  recollections 
of  them  and  other  early  colonists— Draper,  the  chaplain  of  the  London 
—Instances  of  Longevity— The  Tollemaches— Our  great  families— Mr. 
Evelyn,  of  Wootton— A  visit  to  the  house-  The  library — Martin  Tupper 
—Charles  Mackay  —  Literary  jottings— Shakespear  — The  Shakespear 
Papers  — Shakespear  and  Bacon— The  *  Sonnets'— Yorick— Tennyson — 
Some  new  particulars  of  him  and  his  father— Longfellow— Browning— 
The  poet  and  Lord  Coleridge— The  Browning  Society—The  arrange- 
ments for  his  interment — Amusing  anecdote — The  Trinity  College  MS. 
of  Chaucer—  Halliwclls  '  Shakespeariana '— A  curious  episode  at  his 
daughter's  wedding— Dr.  Ingleby— The  'Hatless  Headman'— G.  A.  Sala 
—Alexander  Ireland  —  Literary  acquaintances  —  1  he  Rev.  Thomas 
Corser — UlS  early  knowledge  of  our  family  at  Wem  —  Mr.  James 
Crossley— A  Milton  anecdote — The  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce— My  personal 
contact  with  him— The  Rev  John  Mitford  —  Henry  Bradshaw— My 
obligations  to  him— His  peculiarities— Henry  Huth— Sketch  of  his  Life 
My  long  and  intimate  acquaintance  with  him— His  earliest  experiences 
as  a  collector— His  library  catalogue— Mrs.  Huth— Huth's  indifferent 
health— Circumstances  of  his  death  — My  conversations  with  him  on 
various  subjects— Herbert  Spencer— The  Leigh  Hunt  memorial— Huth's 
liberality  ol  character  and  feeling— I he  Tyssens— F  W.  Cosens—  what 
he  said  to  me  about  himself— His  taste  for  Spanish  literature  and  early 
English  books— His  generous  contribution  to  the  Stratford-on-Avoh 
Fund— A  strange  mistake  by  a  noble  lord— The  first  book  printed  at 
New  York— Mr.  E.  P.  Shirley— Value  of  pamphlets  illustrated— David 
Laing— His  varied  acquirements  and  disinterested  character— A  member 
of  the  old  Scottish  school— His  literary  performances— What  they  cost 
him  and  what  he  gained  by  them— Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Dear  George  "— 
Relics  of  Sir  Walter— The  Britwell  Library— Its  origin  and  fortunes- 
Samuel  Christie-Miller  — His  criticisms  on  the  books  — Indebtedness 
of  the  library  to  the  Heber  sale  —  Frederic  Locker-  Lampson  —  His 
advantages  as  a  man  of  fortune -Comparison  of  himself  with  Henry 
Huth— His  vers  de  soctM  —  As  a  man  —  As  a  buyer  — Locker's  father 
and  brother  — The  Mutual  Admiration  Society  —  Robert  Hcrrick 
and  the  Perry -Herricks  of  Beaumanor  Park,  Loughborough  —  My 
visit  to  the  house  —  'Cherry  Ripe '  —  Dorothy  King—  To  keep  a 
tiue  Lent '—Other  book-collectors  of  my  time— R  S  Turner— K  H 
Lawrence  —  story  of  Ruskin  and  the  Oypriot  antiquities  of 
Cesnola— The  Freres  of  Roydon  Hall— Their  literary  associations— A 
portion  of  the  'Paston  Letters'  sold  with  the  library— My  Cornish 
acquaintances—  Llanhydrock — Mr.  and  Mrs  Agar-Robartcs  —  Thomas 
Couch  of  Bodmin  and  Jonathan  Couch  of  Polperro—  Henry  Bewell 
Stokes,  the  poet— My  conversation  with  him  about  I  ennyson— The 
pack-horse  road  and  the  British  huts  near  Bodmin  Mr  Aldrich  of 
Iowa,  a  friend  of  Jefferson  Davis  and  an  autograph-collector,  at  Barnes 

—  The  auction-rooms— Development  and  machinery  ol  salefl  by  auction 
—The  cataloguer-Inlluence  of  sale-catalogues  on  prices  origin  of  my 
career  as  a  bibliographer— Sotheby's— Account  of  some  of  the  early 
sales  there  — strange  personality  of  "  Mister  "  Sothoby—  I'he  WoUkOBtoa 
sale  In  1856— How  it  came  about— Persons  whom  l  have  met  at  Sotheby's 
—A  recollection  of  1858— George  Daniel  of  Cationbury  Some  account 
of  him  and  his  books— His  visit  to  Charles  Mathews  the  elder  at  High- 
gate— He  tells  me  a  story  of  Charles  lamb  Samuel  Addington—  His 
extraordinary  character  as  a  collector— His  method  of  buying-Com 
pared  with  Quarltch-  The  Sixpenny  Solicitor-  Booksellers  ai  Sotheby's 
■  Curious  methods  ol  bidding— The  bundle-hunter,  past  and  present  — 
His  fallen  fortunes— The  smaller  room  at  sothoby  s  Anecdote  of  a 
Bristol  Teapot— One  or  two  coin-collectors — Lord  Ashburnham-  How- 
he  lost  his  first  collection  Edward  Wigan  —  1  Must  i  at  inn  of  his 
enthusiasm-  The  Blenheim  sale  I  be  Mat  Ibornugh  gem S -The  Althorp 
Librarv-'l  ho  House  in  Leicester  Square     Us  history  and  development 

—  Beniarkable  sales  which  have  been  held  by  Messrs  Puttick  & 
Simpson  Honks  Mnnu-enpln  -  Aulogmphs  My  obligation*  to  the 
bouse      Tbe    Soniei  s    Traits      I  he    British    Mii-eimi      My    recollection   of 

tbe  old  building  and  beading  Room  Members  "i  the  itafl  whom  I  have 
known  Panisn  and  the  New  General  Catalogue  Sir  Henry  F.I  lis— 
George  Bulleo  Granville  Collection  Mr  Granville  and  my  father— 
The  ftcqucntcrs  of  the  Beading   Boom-  Mr.  Oladstonel  flews  about 

the  Museum  Btafl  Proposed  Insulation  of  the  national  collections— 
Publishers  Dlflerenl  schooli  oi  t]  pes  George  RonUedfn  -  Henry 
George  Bohn  GeonrewUHi  I  llterari  sdrenture  some  other  bnok- 
sellen  The  Laadennall  and CornhlU  schools  of  painting— The  ettttums 
dr  (im    i  be  illustrated  Copy, 


GEORGE  REDWAY,  Hart-street,  Bloomsbury. 


74 


Til  E     AT  II  ENJSUM 


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N°  3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


75 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY  16,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

Lord  Roberts's  Autobiography 

Mountaineering  in  the  Dolomites      

The  Great  Public  Bchools  

Mr.  Plummer's  Bede  

New  Novels  (A  Marriage  Mystery ;  Tracked  by  a 
Tattoo;  Half  round  the  World  for  a  Husband; 
The  Sign  of  the  Spider;  Tomalyn's  Quest;  The 
Squire  of  Wandales ;  The  Story  of  Bell ;  The  Evo- 
lution of  a  Wife ;  Merlin)  80 

johnsoniana       

Scottish  Literature  

Our  Library  Table — List  of  New  Books     ...         83 

Prof.  Maspero's  'Struggle  of  the  Nations';  Mr. 
C.  E.  Wilbour  ;  The  Book  Sales  of  1896 ;  Cole- 
ridge's Notes  on  Comic  Literature       ...         84 

Literary  Gossip         

Science— Societies;  Meetings;  Gossip  

Fine  Arts  —  Raphael's  Tapestries  ;  The  New 
Gallery;  Gossip 

Music— The  Week;  Gossip;  Performances  Next 
Week 

Drama— The  Week;  Gossip  91 


PAGE 

75 

77 
78 
79 


-86 


88—90 


LITERATURE 


Forty -one  Tears  in  India :  from  Subaltern  to 
Commander-in-  Chief.  By  Field-Marshal 
Lord  Roberts  of  Kandahar,  V.C.,  G.C.B. 
2  vols.     (Bentley  &  Son.) 

(Second  Notice.) 

On  the  26th  of  October,  1857,  the  movable 
column  arrived  at  Cawnpore,  and  for  the  first 
time  Lord  Roberts  heard  the  details  of  that 
great  tragedy,  and  saw  the  sights  which  had 
driven  our  soldiers  mad.  But  the  day  after  the 
arrival  of  the  Delhi  column  orders  reached 
Hope  Grant  from  Sir  Colin  Campbell  to  get 
into  communication  with  the  Alambagh,  a 
garden  house  surrounded  by  a  lofty  wall, 
where  Havelock  and  Outram  had  left  their 
sick  and  wounded  and  spare  stores.  On  the 
31st  of  October  Hope  Grant  left  Cawnpore 
and  crossed  the  Ganges,  but  the  next  day  the 
Brigadier  was  bidden  to  halt  until  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief should  arrive.  On  the  9th  of 
November  Sir  Colin  joined  the  column  accom- 
panied by  his  chief  of  the  staff,  Brigadier- 
General  Mansfield.  The  following  morning 
arrived  Kavanagh,  the  brave  Irishman,  who, 
disguised  as  a  native,  had  passed  through 
the  enemy's  lines.  He  brought  a  letter 
from  Outram  stating  his  views  with  re- 
gard to  the  route  that  should  be  fol- 
lowed by  Sir  Colin  Campbell,  in  which 
the  line  proposed  was  clearly  marked. 
Sir  Colin  readily  accepted  Outram's  plan 
of  advance,  and  strictly  adhered  to  it. 
On  the  morning  of  the  12th  the  column 
began  its  march  to  the  Alambagh,  and  after 
halting  there  for  two  days  to  perfect  the 
smallest  detail,  Sir  Colin  Campbell  set 
forth  for  the  relief  of  the  Residency.  By 
noon  on  the  14th  he  had  occupied  the 
Dilkusha  and  Martiniere,  where  he  fixed 
his  headquarters.  The  next  day  was  de- 
voted to  making  preparations  for  a  further 
advance.  In  the  evening  Roberts  was  told 
that  the  Commander-in-Chief  desired  his 
presence  at  the  Martiniere.  On  reporting 
himself  to  his  Excellency,  Sir  Colin  Camp- 
bell informed  him  that  he  was  not  satisfied 
that  a  sufficient  reserve  of  small  -  arm 
ammunition  had  been  brought  with  the 
force,  and  that  the  only  chance  of  getting 
more  in  time  was  to  send  back  to  the  Alam- 


bagh for  it  that  night.  Sir  Colin  asked 
Roberts  if  he  thought  he  could  find  his  way 
back  in  the  dark.  "I  answered,  'I  am 
sure  I  can.'"  The  Commander-in-Chief 
impressed  upon  him  strongly  the  necessity 
for  caution,  told  him  that  he  might  take 
what  escort  he  thought  necessary,  but  that 
whatever  happened  he  must  be  back  by 
daybreak,  as  he  had  signalled  to  Outram 
that  the  force  would  advance  on  the  morrow. 
The  old  Scotsman  grimly  desired  that 
the  ordnance  officer  whose  fault  it  was 
that  sufficient  ammunition  had  not  been 
brought  should  go  back  with  Roberts  and 
be  left  at  the  Alambagh.  Accompanied 
by  the  unfortunate  ordnance  officer,  Young- 
husband,  Gough,  two  squadrons  of  cavalry, 
and  150  camels,  Roberts  started  at  9  p.m. 
for  the  Alambagh.  After  an  adventu- 
rous ride  in  the  dark,  the  Alambagh  was 
reached,  and  at  dawn  he  returned  with  the 
ammunition,  and  as  he  rode  up  to  the 
Martiniere  he  could  see  old  Sir  Colin,  only 
partially  dressed,  standing  on  the  steps  in 
evident  anxiety  at  his  not  having  arrived. 
He  congratulated  him  on  the  success  of  the 
expedition,  and  told  him  to  get  something  to 
eat  as  quickly  as  possible,  for  they  were  to 
start  directly  the  men  had  breakfasted  : — 

"I  went  off  to  the  Artillery  camp,  and 
refreshed  the  inner  man  with  a  steak  cut  off  a 
gun  bullock  which  had  been  killed  by  a  round 
shot  on  the  14th." 

As  soon  as  the  men  had  breakfasted  on 
the  16th  the  force  advanced.  Roberts  was 
ordered  to  accompany  the  advance  guard, 
behind  which  rode  Sir  Colin,  who  had 
Kavanagh  with  him,  as  his  general  know- 
ledge of  the  locality  proved  of  great  service. 
As  the  force  was  feeling  its  way  along 
a  narrow  and  tortuous  lane  it  reached 
a  corner  which  turns  sharply  to  the  left, 
and  winding  round  it  the  British  were 
suddenly  deluged  by  a  storm  of  bullets 
from  the  Secundar  Bagh.  The  bank  was 
so  steep  that  it  seemed  impossible  for 
artillery  to  ascend  it.  But  men  and 
horses  did  manage  to  clamber  up  it, 
the  guns  opened  fire,  and  in  an  hour  a 
breach  was  made.  The  bugle  sounded  for 
the  assault  : — 

"  It  was  a  magnificent  sight,  a  sight  never  to 
be  forgotten — that  glorious  struggle  to  be  the 
first  to  enter  the  deadly  breach,  the  prize  to  the 
winner  of  the  race  being  certain  death  !  High- 
landers and  Sikhs,  Punjabi  Mahomedans, 
Dogras  and  Pathans,  all  vied  with  each  other 
in  the  generous  competition.  A  Highlander  was 
the  first  to  reach  the  goal,  and  was  shot  dead  as 
he  jumped  into  the  enclosure  ;  a  man  of  the 
4th  Punjab  Infantry  came  next,  and  met  the 
same  fate.  Then  followed  Lieutenant  Cooper, 
of  the  93rd,  and  immediately  behind  him  his 
Colonel  (Ewart),  Captain  Lumsden,  of  the 
30th  Bengal  Infantry,  and  a  number  of  Sikhs 
and  Highlanders  as  fast  as  they  could  scramble 
through  the  opening.  A  drummer-boy  of  the 
93rd  must  have  been  one  of  the  first  to  pass 
that  grim  boundary  between  life  and  death,  for 
when  I  got  in  1  found  him  just  inside  the 
breach,  lying  on  his  back  quite  dead — a  pretty, 
innocent-looking,  fair-haired  lad,  not  more  than 
fourteen  years  of  age." 

A  party  made  a  rush  for  the  gateway,  the 
doors  of  which  wore  on  tho  point  of  being 
closed,  when  a  Mohammedan  (Mukarrab 
K  han  by  name) 

"  pushed  Inn  loft  arm,  on  which  he  carried  a 
shield,  between  them,  thus  preventing  their 
being  shut  ;  on  his  hand  being  badly  wounded 


by  a  sword-cut,  he  drew  it  out,  instantly  thrust- 
ing in  the  other  arm,  when  the  right  hand  was 
all  but  severed  from  the  wrist.  But  he  gained 
his  object — the  doors  could  not  be  closed,  and 
were  soon  forced  open  altogether,  upon  which 
the  4th  Punjab  Infantry,  the  53rd,  93rd,  and 
some  of  the  Detachments,  swarmed  in." 

Roberts  entered  immediately  behind  the 
storming  party,  and  the  scene  that  ensued, 
he  states,  "  requires  the  pen  of  a  Zola  to 
depict."  The  pen  of  Tolstoi  would  do  it 
more  justice  : — 

"The  rebels,  never  dreaming  that  we  should 
stop  to  attack  such  a  formidable  position,  had 
collected  in  the  Sikandarbagh  to  the  number  of 
upwards  of  2,000,  with  the  intention  of  falling 
upon  our  right  flank  as  soon  as  we  should 
become  entangled  amongst  the  streets  and 
houses  of  the  Hazratganj.  They  were  now  com- 
pletely caught  in  a  trap,  the  only  outlets  being 
by  the  gateway  and  the  breach,  through  which 
our  troops  continued  to  pour.  There  could 
therefore  be  no  thought  of  escape,  and  they 
fought  with  the  desperation  of  men  without  hope 
of  mercy,  and  determined  to  sell  their  lives  as 
dearly  as  they  could.  Inch  by  inch  they  were 
forced  back  to  the  pavilion,  and  into  the  space 
between  it  and  the  north  wall,  where  they  were 
all  shot  or  bayoneted.  There  they  lay  in  a  heap 
as  high  as  my  head,  a  heaving,  surging  mass  of 
dead  and  dying  inextricably  entangled.  It  was 
a  sickening  sight,  one  of  those  which  even  in 
the  excitement  of  battle  and  the  flush  of  victory 
make  one  feel  strongly  what  a  horrible  side 
there  is  to  war.  The  wretched  wounded  men 
could  n^t  get  clear  of  their  dead  comrades, 
however  great  their  struggles,  and  those  near 
the  top  of  this  ghastly  pile  of  writhing  humanity 
vented  their  rage  and  disappointment  on  every 
British  officer  who  approached  by  showering 
upon  him  abuse  of  the  grossest  description." 

After  the  capture  of  the  Secundar  Bagh  the 
troops,  fighting  for  every  inch  of  the  ground, 
proceeded  to  the  Shah  Najaf  mausoleum, 
enclosed  by  high  masonry  loopholed  walls, 
and  reached  it  as  the  afternoon  was  waning. 
Sir  Colin  Campbell  desired  to  carry  it 
before  nightfall,  and  Barnston  was  in- 
structed to  bring  up  his  battalion  of  de- 
tachments under  cover  of  the  guns.  As  the 
troops  advanced  in  skirmishing  order  their 
leader  fell,  and  it  was  seen  that  the  men 
were  wavering : — 

"Norman  [General  Sir  Henry  Norman]  was 
the  first  to  grasp  the  situation.  Putting  spurs 
to  his  horse,  he  galloped  into  their  midst,  and 
called  on  them  to  pull  themselves  together  ;  the 
men  rallied  at  once,  and  advanced  into  the 
cover  from  which  they  had  for  the  moment 
retreated.  I  had  many  opportunities  for  noting 
Norman's  coolness  and  presence  of  mind  under 
fire.  On  this  particular  occasion  these  qualities 
were  most  marked,  and  his  action  was  most 
timely." 

More  infantry  were  brought  up  without 
avail.  The  afternoon  was  passing  away, 
and  it  seemed  essential  to  carry  the  Shah 
Najaf.  The  old  chief  placed  himself  at 
the  head  of  the  93rd,  and  under  a  heavy  fire 
led  them  to  some  cover  in  close  proximity  to 
the  walls.  Tho  naval  guns  woro  dragged 
by  the  soamon  and  tho  Madras  Fusiliers 
close  to  tho  walls,  and  commenced  to  breach. 
The  enemy  at  length  lost  heart,  and  fled 
out  the  other  side,  so  that  an  entrance  was 
effected  without  difficulty. 

Night  came  on,  and  the  troops  lav 
down  in  linos  with  their  arms.  Next 
morning  tho  contest  was  renewed.  Eire 
was  opened  on  tho  moss-houso,  and  in  tho 
afternoon  it  wns  captured.  As  from  (hence 
the  advancing  troops  could  seo  tho  British 


70 


T  II  E     A  Til  KN  JKUM 


N   3612,  .Ian.  16,  '97 


flag  flying  on  the  positions  captured  by  Sir 
J.  Outram  the  previom  day,  Lord  Roberta 
states  Sir  Colin  Campbell  ordered  him  to 
procure  a  regimental  colour  and  place  it  on 
ono  of  the  turrets  of  tho  building  : — 

"I  rode  oil*  accordingly  to  the  2nd  Punjab 
Infantry,  standing  close  by,  and  requested  the 
Commandant,  Captain  Green,  to  let  me  have 
one  of  his  colours.  He  at  once  complied,  and  I 
galloped  with  it  to  tho  mess-house.  As  I  entered, 
I  was  met  by  Sir  David  Band  (one  of  Sir  Colin's 
Aides-de-camp),  and  Captain  Hopkins,  of  the 
53rd  Foot,  by  both  of  whom  I  was  assisted  in 
getting  the  flag  with  its  long  staff*  up  the  incon- 
veniently narrow  staircase,  and  in  planting  it  on 
the  turret  nearest  the  Kaiserbagh,  which  was 
about  850  yards  off.  No  sooner  did  the  enemy 
perceive  what  we  were  about,  than  shot  after 
shot  was  aimed  at  the  colour,  and  in  a  very  few 
minutes  it  was  knocked  over,  falling  into  the 
ditch  below.  I  ran  down,  picked  it  up,  and 
again  placed  it  in  position,  only  for  it  to  be 
once  more  shot  down  and  hurled  into  the  ditch, 
just  as  Norman  and  Lennox  (who  had  been  sent 
by  Sir  Colin  to  report  what  was  going  on  in  the 
interior  of  the  Kaiserbagh)  appeared  on  the  roof. 
Once  more  I  picked  up  the  colour,  and  found 
that  this  time  the  staff  had  been  broken  in  two. 
Notwithstanding,  I  managed  to  prop  it  up  a 
third  time  on  the  turret,  and  it  was  not  again 
hit,  though  the  enemy  continued  to  tire  at  it 
for  some  time." 

Norman  and  Roberts  obtained  permission 
to  accompany    Havelock  to  the  Residency, 
and    the    autobiography    gives    a   graphic 
account   of   the    sight   which   they   saw  as 
they  entered  it.     When  the  news  of  General 
Windham's  reverse    reached    the    retiring 
army,   Sir  Colin   Campbell,   becoming    im- 
patient to  learn  the  exact  state  of  the  case, 
desired  Roberts  to  ride  on  as  far  as  he  could 
to  the  river,  and  if  he    found  the    bridge 
broken    to   return   at   once,  but  if  it  were 
■still   in    existence    to    cross    over,    try    to 
see  the  general,  and  bring  back  all  the  in- 
formation he  could  obtain.    Roberts  started, 
took  two  sowars,  found  the  bridge  intact, 
pushed  across,  and  got  into  the  entrench- 
ments.    He  was  about  to  return  to   head- 
quarters, when  loud  cheers  broke  from  the 
men,  caused  by  the  appearance  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief. Sir  Colin  Campbell,  having 
grown  impatient,  had  pushed  on  with  his 
staff.      An   excellent    description    of    their 
ride  is  to  be  found  in  General  Sir  Henry 
^Norman's    able  lecture  on   '  The  Relief  of 
Lucknow.'       Sir    Colin    Campbell,  having 
dispatched     the     women,     children,     and 
wounded     to     Allahabad,     attacked     and 
defeated  the  Gwalior  contingent.     Roberts 
watched     the     advance     as     one    of     the 
chief's   staff,   and   took   part   in  the  chase 
after  the  flying  enemy,  which  the  old  chief 
himself  headed. 

On  the  23rd  of  December  Sir  Colin 
•Campbell  commenced  his  march  towards 
Fatehgarh  ;  and  on  the  morning  of  the  2nd 
of  January,  1858,  a  strong  force  of  the  rebels 
were  found  posted  at  the  village  of 
Khudaganj.  As  our  troops  advanced 
the  enemy  hastily  limbered  up  their  guns 
and  retired.     A  hot  pursuit  followed  :  — 

"The  chase  continued  for  nearly  five  miles, 
until  daylight  began  to  fail  and  we  appeared  to 
have  got  to  the  end  of  the  fugitives,  when  the 
order  was  given  to  wheel  to  the  right  and  form 
up  on  the  road.  Before,  however,  this  move- 
ment could  be  carried  out,  we  overtook  a  batch 
of  mutineers,  who  faced  about  and  fired  into  the 
squadron  at  close  quarters.  I  saw  Younghusband 
fall,  but  I  c  ;uld  not  go  to  his  assistance,  as  at 


that  moment  ono  of  Ins  BOWUTt  was  in  dire  peril 
from  a  sepoy  who  was  attacking  him  with  his 
fixed  bayonet,  and  had  I  not  helped  the  man 
and  disposed  of  his  opponent,  he  must  have 
been  killed.  The  next  moment  I  descried  in 
tho  distance  two  sepoys  making  off  with  a 
standard,  which  I  determined  must  be  captured, 
so  I  rodo  after  the  rebels  and  overtook  them, 
and  while  wrenching  the  staff  out  of  the  hands 
of  one  of  them,  whom  I  cut  down,  the  other  put 
his  musket  close  to  my  body  and  fired  ;  for- 
tunately for  me  it  missed  fire,  and  I  carried  off 
tho  standard." 

acts 


A  briof  note  states:   "For  these  two 
I  was  awarded  the  Victoria  Cross." 

When  it  was  decided  that  the  siege  of 
Lucknow  was  to  be  undertaken  at  once, 
Sir  Colin  Campbell  issued  a  general  order 
detailing  the  regiments,  staff,  and  com- 
manders who  were  to  take  part  in  it.  Major- 
General  Hope  Grant  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  cavalry  division,  and  Roberts 
remained  with  him  as  Deputy-Assistant- 
Quartermaster-General.  He  commends  the 
scientific  manner  in  which  the  siege  opera- 
tions were  carried  out  by  Robert  Napier, 
and  also  the  good  use  which  Sir  Colin 
Campbell  made  of  his  powerful  force  of 
artillery.  He,  however,  blames  Sir  Colin 
for  checking  Outram' s  proposed  advance 
across  the  iron  bridge,  which  would  have 
rendered  the  defeat  of  the  enemy  more 
complete.  The  capture  of  Lucknow  found 
Roberts  feeling  the  ill  effects  of  exposure 
to  the  climate  and  hard  work,  and  the 
doctors  insisted  on  a  trip  to  England  : — 

"  On  the  1st  April,  the  sixth  anniversary  of 
my  arrival  in  India,  I  made  over  my  office 
to  Wolseley,  who  succeeded  me  as  Deputy- 
Assistant  -  Quartermaster  -  General  on  Hope 
Grant's  staff,  and  towards  the  middle  of  the 
month  I  left  Lucknow." 

The  well-earned  rest  was  enjoyed  in  the 
county  of  Waterford,  where  his  father  was 
at  the  time  residing.  On  the  17th  of  May, 
1859,  he  was  married  to  her  "  without 
whose  loving  help  my  '  Forty-one  Years  in 
India '  could  not  be  the  happy  retrospect  it 
is."  On  the  30th  of  July,  1859,  Roberts 
and  his  wife  returned  to  India.  In  1863 
he  was  again  employed  on  active  service 
in  the  Umbeyla  expedition,  of  which 
he  gives  an  interesting  account.  The 
Commander  -  in  -  Chief  sent  in  his  name 
for  a  brevet,  "  but  the  Viceroy  refused  to 
forward  the  recommendation,  for  the  reason 


that  I  was  '  too  junior  to  be  made  a 
lieutenant-colonel.'  I  was  then  thirty- 
two  ! "  During  the  Abyssinian  expedition 
Major  Roberts  served  as  senior  staff  officer 
at  Zula,  and  after  Magdala  was  taken,  Sir 
Robert  Napier  made  him  the  bearer  of  his 
final  despatches.  On  reaching  London  he 
took  them  to  Sir  Stafford  Nortkcote,  then 
Secretary  of  State  for  India,  who,  after  read- 
ing them,  asked  him  to  take  them  without 
delay  to  the  Commander-in-Chief  : — 

"There  was  a  dinner-party,  however,  that 
night  at  Gloucester  House,  and  the  servant  told 
me  it  was  quite  impossible  to  disturb  His  Royal 
Highness  ;  so,  placing  my  card  on  the  top  of 
tho  despatches,  I  told  the  man  to  deliver  them 
at  once,  and  went  back  to  my  club.  I  had 
scarcely  reached  it,  when  the  Duke's  Aide-de- 
camp made  his  appearance  and  told  me  that  he 
had  been  ordered  to  find  me  and  take  me  back 
with  him.  The  Commander-in-Chief  received 
me  very  kindly,  expressing  regret  that  I  had  been 
sent  away  in  the  first  instance  ;  and  Their  Royal 
Highnesses  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales, 


who  were  present,  were  most  gracious,  and 
asked  many  questions  about  the  Abyssinian 
Expedition." 

Towards  the  end  of  February,  18G9, 
Roberta  returned  to  Simla,  and  two  years 
after  he  took  part  in  the  Lushai  expedition, 
and  a  OB.  was  conferred  on  him  for  his 
services.  In  1875  Lord  Napier  nominated 
him  to  the  coveted  post  of  Quarter- 
master -  General.  The  next  year  he  accom- 
panied the  Commander-in-Chief  to  Bombay 
on  the  eve  of  his  departure,  and  while  he 
was  bidding  Lord  Napier  farewell,  the 
Orontes  steamed  into  the  harbour  with  Lord 
Lytton  on  board  : — 

"  Little  did  I  imagine  when  making  Lord 
Lytton's  acquaintance  how  much  he  would  have 
to  say  to  my  future  career.  His  Excellency 
received  me  very  kindly,  telling  me  he  felt  that 
I  was  not  altogether  a  stranger,  as  he  had  been 
reading  during  the  voyage  a  paper  I  had  written 
for  Lord  Napier,  a  year  or  two  before,  on  our 
military  position  in  India,  and  the  arrangements 
that  would  be  necessary  in  the  event  of  Russia 
attempting  to  continue  her  advance  south  of  the 
Oxus.  Lord  Napier  had  sent  a  copy  of  this 
memorandum  to  Lord  Beaconsfield,  by  whom  it 
had  been  given  to  Lord  Lytton." 

Lord  Roberts  maintains,  as  most  men  who 
have  studied  the  subject  maintain,  that  Lord 
Lytton's  frontier  policy,  though  at  the  time 
much  misunderstood  and  criticized,  was  in 
essentials    sound.     But   these   are   matters 
which  must  be  left  for  final  settlement  in 
the    calm     court    of    history.      When   the 
second      Afghan      war      began       General 
Roberts,  on   account  of  the  ability  he  had 
shown     as      Quartermaster  -  General,    was 
appointed    to    command   the    Kuram   field 
force,   taking  its   name    from    one    of   the 
passes    through  which  our   forces   invaded 
Afghanistan.     To    take   a    man   from    the 
desk  to  command  an  army  in  the   field   is 
a  hazardous  experiment,  but  in  this  case  it 
was    fully    justified    by   success.     On    the 
21st  of  November,  1878,  he  made  his  first 
advance    into   Afghanistan,  and  nine  days 
afterwards   he   found   the    enemy  in   large 
numbers  well  posted  in  tho  Peiwar  Kotal. 
"It  was  indeed  a  formidable  position,"  and 
General  Roberts  determined  to  turn  it  by  a 
flank  movement.     After  considerable  diffi- 
culty this  was  done  with  success,  and  General 
Roberts  found  no  enemy  up  to  the  Shutar 
Gardan  Pass  to  oppose  his  advance  to  Kabul. 
The    Ameer,    hearing     of     the     successful 
advance   of   the    English   columns,    quitted 
Kabul  for  Turkistan.  On  January  21st,  1879, 
death  put  an  end  to  the  troubles  of  Shere 
Ali,   and    Yakub,  his   son,   reigned  in    his 
stead.     On  the  2Gth  of  May,  at  Gandamak, 
a  treaty  was  signed  in  the  British  camp  by 
the   Ameer   and    by   Major   Cavagnari   on 
behalf  of  the  British  Government.     Roberts 
returned    to   Simla,    and   he   was    deep  in 
the  work   of  the  Army   Commission  when 
news  came  of  the  massacre  of   our  envoy 
at    Kabul.      Immediate   steps    were   taken 
to  retrieve   the    disaster.      General    Massy 
was    ordered    to    seize    again   the    Shutar 
Gardan    Pass,    and    General    Stewart  was 
told    to    reoccupy    Kandahar,     which    had 
been   almost   entirely  evacuated.      On   the 
29th  of  September  General  Roberts  again 
took  command  of  the  Kuram  force,  which 
advanced  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  on  the 
evening  of  October  5th  the  village  of  Char- 
asiab,  eleven  miles  from  Kabul,  was  reached, 
and  a  stirring  narrative  of  the  fight  which 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


77 


ensued  fills  several  pages.  At  Charasiab,  as 
in  every  battle  of  the  campaign,  there  were 
some  fine  examples  of  individual  heroism. 
Private  MacMahon,  of  the  72nd  Highlanders 
— who  bore  the  brunt  of  the  fighting  almost 
single-handed — scaled  a  hill,  on  the  crest  of 
which  was  a  sungur  filled  with  men.  Major 
White  (now  General  Sir  George  White, 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Indian  Army), 
of  the  same  regiment,  not  caring  to  expose 
his  men  on  a  particularly  steep  bit  of  ground 
which  was  enfiladed  by  a  few  Afghans, 
posted  in  rear  of  some  rocks,  took  a  rifle 
from  one  of  his  men,  and  stalked  the 
enemy  single-handed.  Both  men  received 
the  Victoria  Cross. 

After  Charasiab  the  enemy  made  no 
further  stand,  and  General  Roberts  took 
possession  of  Kabul  one  month  after  the 
murder  of  Cavagnari,  and  for  two  months 
after  the  entry  of  the  English  into  the 
Afghan  capital  no  apprehension  was  enter- 
tained of  any  organized  resistance  to  the 
occupation.  Men  are  apt  to  forget  that  no 
one  decisive  battle  ever  subdued  a  brave 
and  warlike  nation.  The  work  of  the 
Normans  only  began  after  Senlac.  In 
December  tidings  of  general  disaffection 
among  the  tribes  began  to  reach  the  in- 
vaders, and  to  check  the  growing  discontent 
a  grand  review  of  all  the  troops  at  Kabul 
was  held  on  the  9th.  The  same  afternoon 
a  brigade  was  sent  due  west  to  Arghandeh 
to  drive  back  the  Afghan  general,  Mahomed 
•Jan,  who  was  reported  to  be  attempting  a 
junction  with  the  Kohistanis  from  the  north. 
On  the  next  day  General  Baker's  brigade 
marched  south  to  Charasiab.  General 
Massy  was  told 

*' that  he  was  to  advance  cautiously  and  quietly 
by  the  road  leading  directly  from  the  city  of 
Kabul  towards  Arghandeh,  feeling  for  the 
•enemy  ;  that  he  was  to  communicate  with  Mac- 
pherson  and  act  in  conformity  with  that  officer's 
movements  ;  and  I  impressed  upon  him  that  he 
■was  on  no  account  to  commit  himself  to  an  action 
until  Macpherson  had  engaged  the  enemy." 

General  Massy,  Lord  Eoberts  states,  did  not 
follow  the  route  he  was  told  to  take,  and 
marching  straight  across  the  country  he 
found  himself  face  to  face  with  the  enemy 
before  he  could  join  Macpherson.  General 
Roberts,  warned  by  the  firing  that  an  en- 
gagement was  taking  place,  galloped  across 
the  Chardeh  valley,  and  on  gaining  the  open 
ground  beyond  the  village  of  Bhagwana,  he 
flaw  that 

•"an  unbroken  line,  extending  for  about  two 
miles,  and  formed  of  not  less  than  between  9,000 
and  10,000  men,  was  moving  rapidly  towards 
me,  all  on  foot  save  a  small  body  of  Cavalry  on 
their  left  flank— in  fact,  the  greater  part  of 
Mahomed  Jan's  army.  To  meet  this  formidable 
array,  instead  of  Macpherson 's  and  Massy 's 
forces,  which  I  hoped  I  should  have  found  com- 
bined, there  were  but  4  guns,  198  of  the  9th 
Lancers  under  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cleknd,  40 
of  the  14th  Bengal  Lancers  under  Captain 
Philip  ^  Neville,  and  at  some  little  distance 
Cough's  troop  of  the  9th  Lancers,  who  were 
•engaged  in  watching  the  enemy's  Cavalry." 

The  fight  went  on  the  whole  day,  and  at 
dusk  the  little  force  had  foiled  the  enemy's 
attempt  to  reach  Kabul.  But  their  standards 
.floated  on  the  hills  around,  and  next  day 
attacks  were  made  in  order  to  dislodge  the 
enemy  from  them.  The  Afghans  were  im- 
mensely superior  in  numbers  and  fought  woll, 
while  nothing  could  be  finer  than  tho  pluck 


displayed  by  our  men  ;   they  were,  however, 
called  on  to  carry  positions  which  they  had  to 
give  up  immediately  afterwards  on  account 
of  the  overwhelming  force  brought  against 
them,  as  was  the  case  at  the  conical  hill  of 
which  Lord  Roberts  supplies  a  vivid  descrip- 
tion.    After  three  days  of  combat  he  had 
to  retire  to  his  cantonments  at  Sherpur,  two 
miles  north  of  the  city,  and  was  compelled 
with  five  thousand  men  to  defend  a  position 
nearly  five  miles  long,  some  two  miles  of 
which  had   no   further   protection    than   a 
slight  shallow  trench,  hastily  constructed  at 
a  critical  moment.     On  the  23rd  of  Decem- 
ber the  enemy  made  a  desperate  effort  to 
take  the  entrenchment  by  assault,  but  were 
repulsed    by    the    steady    fire    of   the    de- 
fenders.    Then  news   reached  them  of  the 
approach    of  Gough's  reinforcing    column, 
and  they  dispersed,  and  our  troops  were  once 
more  in  Kabul.     During  the  winter  months 
General  Roberts  strengthened  his  position. 
In   May,    1880,    Ayub   Khan,    the   brother 
of   Yakub,  marched  on  Kandahar,  and  at 
the    end  of  July  news   reached  Kabul    of 
the     Maiwand   disaster.      On    the    6th    of 
August    the    Kabul-Kandahar    field    force 
began  its  famous  march.     On  August  31st 
Sir  Frederick  Roberts    reached  Kandahar, 
and  on  September    1st   he   defeated   Ayub 
outside    the   walls.      In    order    to    relieve 
the  garrison  General  Roberts  had  given  up 
all   reliance  on  a  base   of  operations,  and 
with  a  force  of  ten  thousand  men  marched 
through   the    heart    of    a   hostile    country 
three  hundred  and  eighteen  miles  in  twenty- 
three  days.      Such  a  feat  will  always    be 
remembered.       Its      accomplishment     was 
greatly  facilitated  by  the   previous   daring 
march  of  Sir  D.  Stewart  from  Kandahar  to 
Kabul,  and  the  generous  manner  in  which  he 
handed  over  his  tried  troops  to  Sir  Frederick 
Roberts.     President   Lincoln,  on  hearing  a 
discussion  as    to    the    respective  merits  of 
Sherman  and  Grant,  remarked,  "I   should 
have  thought  there  was  sufficient  glory  to 
cover  both."     There  is  quite  sufficient  glory 
to  cover  both  Sir  Donald  Stewart  and  Lord 
Roberts. 

At  the  close  of  the  Afghan  campaign  Sir 
Frederick  Roberts  returned  to  England,  and 
"  was  feted  and  feasted  to  almost  an  alarm- 
ing extent."  In  1881  he  went  to  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  having  been  nominated  by 
Mr.  Gladstone's  Government  Governor  of 
Natal  and  Commander  of  the  Forces  in 
South  Africa  on  the  death  of  Sir  George 
Colley  and  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  the 
disaster  at  Majuba  Hill : — 

"  While  I  was  on  my  way  out  to  take  up  my 
command,  peace  was  made  with  the  Boers  in 
the  most  marvellously  rapid  and  unexpected 
manner.  A  peace,  alas!  'without  honour,' to 
which  may  be  attributed  the  recent  regrettable 
state  of  affairs  in  the  Transvaal— a  state  of 
affairs  which  was  foreseen  and  predicted  by 
many  at  the  time.  My  stay  at  Cape  Town  was 
limited  to  twenty-four  hours,  the  Government 
being  apparently  as  anxious  to  get  me  away  from 
Africa  as  they  had  been  to  hurry  me  out  there." 

On  the  27th  of  November,  1881,  he 
roturned  to  India  as  Oommander-in-Ohiof 
of  the  Madras  Arm}',  having  refused  the 
appointment  of  Quartermaster-General  at 
the  Horse  Guards.  Two  years  after  he 
succeeded  Sir  Donald  Stewart  as  Com- 
mander -  in  -  Chief  in  India.  During  the 
eight  years  he  held  that  responsible  offico 


he  laboured  strenuously  to  make  the  army 
he  commanded  as  perfect  a  fighting  machine 
as  possible,  and  to  improve  the  con- 
dition of  the  British  soldier  and  the 
Sepoy.  As  head  of  the  executive 
he  never  let  any  petty  jealousy  ob- 
struct the  difficult  and  delicate  path  of 
army  reform ;  but  in  conjunction  with 
General  Chesney,  a  great  administrator  and 
man  of  genius,  he,  with  characteristic 
loyalty,  materially  helped  to  carry  out  those 
military  reforms  which  marked  the  adminis- 
tration of  Lord  Lansdowne.  In  1893  Lord 
Roberts's  splendid  career  of  forty-one  years 
in  India  came  to  a  close,  and  he  left  the 
land  in  which  he  had  worked  so  long,  having 
won  the  love  of  the  soldier  and  Sepoy,  the 
attachment  of  the  native  chiefs,  and  the 
admiration  and  confidence  of  the  European 
community. 


Climbing  Reminiscences  of  the  Dolomites.  By 
Leone  Sinigaglia.  With  Introduction  by 
Edward  J.  Garwood.  Translated  by  M.  A. 
Vialls.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
To  judge  by  the  issue  of  volumes  dealing 
not  with  mountains,  but  with  "mountaineer- 
ing" (the  distinction  is  real  and  deep),  it 
would  almost  seem  that  mountaineers  were 
becoming  as  numerous  as  verse- writers,  and 
that,  like  minor  poets,  they  bought  one 
another's  works.  Their  case  is  the  more 
remarkable,  for  the  purchase  must  involve 
a  far  heavier  charge  both  on  their  purses 
and  their  bookshelves.  The  last  of  the 
portly  volumes  dedicated  to  modern  moun- 
taineering is  a  translation  from  the  Italian. 
Signor  Sinigaglia  is  an  ardent  climber,  and 
he  has  written  what  is  purely  a  climber's 
book.  He  is  clear,  accurate,  and  modest  in 
his  account  of  his  own  doings,  and  he  knows 
all  about  his  predecessors'  ascents.  His 
chapters  might  rank  as  excellent  articles  in 
any  Alpine  club  journal,  or  would  serve  as 
first-rate  material  for  a  '  Climber's  Guide.' 

Within  the  limits  he  sets  himself  his  work 
is  well  done.  These  limits  are,  however, 
narrow  in  more  senses  than  one.  His 
climbs  were  all  in  the  Cortina  and  Sexten 
districts,  and  his  descriptions  are  confined  to 
his  climbs.  He  tells  his  readers,  it  is  true,  of 
"visions  of  magnificent  valleys  rich  with  lofty 
aged  pines,  of  deep  emerald-green  lakes,  of  white 
villages  with  stately  campaniles  and  shining  roof 
tops,  of  the  distant  clear  Dolomite  spires  in  a 
thousand  shapes,  with  bold  pinnacles,  indented 
crests,  irregular  towers,  needles,  and  precipitous 
walls,  all  of  the  strangest  form  and  colour,  out- 
lined on  the  transparent  sky  of  Tyrol." 
But  this  is  the  only  distant  or  general  view 
the  reader  gets  of  the  region,  and  it  is  on 
the  last  page.  His  interest  is  elsewhere 
claimed  for  the  solution  of 
"new  problems  in  steep,  often  appallingly 
steep,  walls,  aerial  crests,  strange  chimneys, 
and  dizzy  traverses,  that  need  serious,  intense, 
and  energetic  application  to  overcome." 
Here  is  a  specimen  problem  :  — 

"Dimai,  alone  and  unroped,  as  is  his  invari- 
able way  when  climbing,  attacks  this  slab  of 
rock.  We  note  from  the  beginning  that  our 
brave  guide  is  obliged  to  make  violent  efforts 
to  drag  himself  up,  working  with  finger-nails, 
elbows,  and  knees  sticking  close  to  the  rock, 
making  extraordinary  exertions,  ami  yet  gaining 

ground  with  unusual  slowness I  go  up  in  my 

turn.  Following  the  example  of  the  guides,  I 
have  put  on  the  '  Kletterschuho  '  [string  shoes], 
but  (uidooked-for  mischance  !)  there  is  nothing 


78 


THE     A  T  II  E  N  M  U  M 


N°3G12,  Jan.  10,  '97 


then  i. ui  stick  to  from  the  base  upwards  of  the 
rook  slab,  so  smooth  its  surface.  By  dint  of 
frantic  working  of  knees  and  elbows,  with  linger 

tips  fixed  in  the  limited  and  awkward  holds, 
I  succeed  in  making  way,  though  slowly,  up  this 
terrible  rock-face,  and  after  much  hard  work, 
Crawling  penitent-wise,  I  get  near  the  guides. 
Oragamen  should  arrange  to  climb  this  toilsome 
rock- face — fortunately  not  a  dizzy  one,  otherwise 
it  would  be  very  bad — without  shoes.     At  any 

rate  it   could  easily  be  avoided But  every 

good  climber  will  look  upon  it  as  a  duty  to 
attempt  it." 

Surely  this  is  the  very  midsummer  madness 
of  climbing,  mountaineering  in  extremis ! 
Yet  the  reader  is  told  that  such  delights 
have  moved  the  hearts  of  at  least  five  ladies, 
one  of  them  an  Italian  duchess,  "to  figure 
wonderfully  as  impromptu  climbers."  Pos- 
sibly the  perils  were  chiefly  for  their  leaders, 
for  in  much  Dolomite  climbing  it  is  on  the 
leader  that  the  strain  chiefly  falls. 

Those  who  care  for  the  conscientious 
record  of  a  cragsman's  adventures  will  find 
plenty  of  excitement  in  the  two  hundred 
pages  of  Signor  Sinigaglia's  volume.  By 
way  of  contrast  they  may  turn  to  the  topo- 
graphical description  of  the  noble  Pelmo, 
which  has  no  charms  for  the  new  school, 
and  is  libelled  in  a  most  unfortunate  plate. 
The  famous  corner  described  by  Mr.  Ball 
and  in  Mr.  Douglas  Freshfield's  '  Italian 
Alps '  has  been  "  simplified  for  the  benefit 
of  families  and  young  people,"  and  the 
mountain,  we  are  told,  is  now,  "from  a 
climber's  point  of  view,  devoid  of  interest, 
the  ascent  being  in  fact  nothing  more  than 
an  ordinary  constitutional." 

The  views,  copiously  supplied,  have  been 
well  selected  as  illustrations  of  the  text ; 
but  they  have  been  chosen  without  any  eye 
to  composition  or  artistic  effect,  which  may 
be  Btudied  even  in  dealing  with  photographs. 
They  miss  the  characteristic  beauty  of  the 
region  and  the  grandeur  of  its  loftier 
summits,  though  some  of  them  do  partial 
justice  to  the  quaintness  of  outline  of  the 
"Little  Dolomites,"  amongst  which  the 
author  finds  his  most  fascinating  problems. 
The  frontispiece  is  a  fine  photogravure,  but 
the  process  employed  for  the  rest  of  the 
plates  has  in  no  case  produced  pleasing 
results,  and  in  many  has  entirely  failed. 
An  adequate  and  intelligible  district  map 
has  been  supplied,  and  the  translation  is 
readable,  spirited,  and  as  a  whole  gram- 
matical. "Monaco"  on  p.  19  should 
obviously  be  Munich. 

The  volume  is  introduced  to  English 
readers — perhaps  needlessly — by  Mr.  Gar- 
wood in  a  somewhat  lengthy  preface,  dated 
from  Advent  Bay,  Spitzbergen.  Owing, 
possibly,  to  his  temporary  distance  from  a 
library,  Mr.  Garwood  has  hazarded  some 
statements  which  a  further  consideration  of 
facts  and  dates  might  have  led  him  to 
modify.  His  opening  sentence,  if  not  abso- 
lutely inaccurate,  will  certainly  convey  an 
erroneous  impression  to  most  readers. 
Seventeen  years  ago,  he  says,  "the  list  of 
Dolomite  peaks  of  which  the  ascent  had 
been  authentically  recorded  was  not  an  ex- 
tensive one,  and  comprised  for  the  most 
part  the  loftiest  summits  only  in  each  group 
of  the  district."  Any  one  who  cares  to 
count  up  the  peaks  ascended  before  1880 
and  the  "Little  Dolomites"  climbed  since 
will  recognize  the  injustice  Mr.  Garwood 
has  done  to  the  work  of  his  predecessors. 


Mr.  (larwood  is,  it  would  appear,  but  im- 
porfectly  acquainted  not  only  with  the 
recorded  foats,  but  also  with  the  "  ex- 
pressed opinions,"  of  some  of  the  older 
generation  of  mountaineers.  Ho  fancies 
that  they  maintain  that  "to  the  enjoyment 
of  mountain  climbing  as  a  sport  difficulties 
of  ascent,  such,  that  is  to  say,  as  are  due  to 
steepness  of  inclination  or  absence  of  hand 
and  foot  hold,  aro  not  essential";  that  such 
difficulties  "are  to  be  condemned  as  requiring 
gymnastic  exercises  degrading  to  the  dig- 
nity of  the  true  mountaineer."  Mr.  Garwood 
may  be  reminded  of  a  passage  in  an  Alpine 
classic — the  late  Mr.  J.  Ball's  '  Eastern  Alps  ' 
(edition  1868,  p.  511):— 

"  It  must  be  owned  that  the  chief  inducement 
to  the  ascents  of  the  peaks  of  this  region  [the 
Cortina  Dolomites]  is  in  the  climb  itself.  When 
the  cragsman  has  acquired  a  little  familiarity 
with  the  rock,  so  as  not  to  feel  uneasy  in  places 
where  the  surface  is  rotten  and  pieces  are 
detached  by  the  hand,  he  gets  to  prefer  dolo- 
mite climbing  to  all  other  rock  work,  finding  it 
provide  far  more  of  excitement  and  variety  than 
the  crystalline  slates  or  even  granite." 

The  old  mountaineer  can  enjoy,  and  has 
enjoyed,  the  "sport"  of  a  hard  wrestle 
either  with  rocks,  or  with  iceslopes,  or 
with  storm  and  wind.  He  is  not  as 
a  rule  encumbered  with  any  morbid 
feelings  about  his  own  or  his  comrades' 
dignity.  If  Mr.  Garwood  will  include  in 
his  definition  of  difficulties  those  of  snow 
and  ice  and  weather,  the  old  mountaineer 
will  certainly  agree  with  him  that  there  is 
no  "sport"  in  pounding  up  Mont  Blanc  or 
the  Ortler  on  a  fine  day.  But  to  their  true 
lovers  (and  herein  is  the  root  of  the  difference) 
the  mountains  are  more  than  a  gymnasium, 
and  mountaineering  is  more  than  a  sport :  it 
is  a  branch  of  travel,  and  a  gate  to  new  forms 
of  natural  beauty.  And  in  the  recent 
specialization  of  mountaineering — in  the 
tendency  to  look  on  proficiency  in  rock 
scrambling  as  constituting  a  qualification 
for  any  mountain  ascent  or  exploration,  and 
in  the  consequent  decay  in  icecraft  among 
both  guides  and  mountaineers — the  pioneers 
of  the  Alps  recognize  not  only  a  danger  in 
the  future,  but  the  cause  of  several  recent 
and  most  lamentable  catastrophes.  A  crags- 
man is  not  necessarily  a  mountaineer,  and 
is  often  without  many  of  the  most  essential 
qualities  of  an  explorer. 


Great  Public  Schools.     By  Various  Authors. 

(Arnold.) 
Ten  public  schools,  their  history,  their 
sports,  and  their  normal  life,  are  described 
in  this  volume  with  varying  degrees  of 
fulness.  The  ten  selected  are  Eton,  Harrow, 
Charterhouse,  Cheltenham,  Rugby,  Clifton, 
Westminster,  Marlborough,  Haileybury, 
Winchester.  Most  readers,  we  think,  will 
wonder,  not  without  reason,  that  no  place 
has  been  found  in  such  a  hierarchy  for 
St.  Paul's  and  Shrewsbury.  Chronologically 
also  the  order  seems  fantastic  :  to  begin 
with  Eton,  to  put  Clifton  before  West- 
minster, to  end  with  Winchester,  is  to  make 
a  mere  tangle  of  history ;  if  the  list  does 
not  begin  at  the  end,  it  certainly  ends  at  the 
beginning.  Neither  is  the  book  properly 
brought  up  to  date.  Whatever  may  have 
been  the  case  when  Mr.  Maxwell  Lyte  wrote 
the  first  paper,  on  '  Eton  College :  Historical 
and    Descriptive,'  he  would   not   now  pro- 


claim that  the  venerable  Fellow,  Mr.  Wilder, 
"  still  survives"  (p.  24).  In  the  third  paper 
Mr.  Alfred  Lyttelton  will  shudder  at  finding 
himself  responsible  for  calling  a  well-known 
institution  at  Eton  "  the  parliament  of 
'Fop'  "  (p.  40),  though  he  almost  deserves 
his  disaster  for  completely  misunderstanding 
Matthew  Arnold's  joke  about  "the  young 
barbarians,"  and  protesting  that  Eton  boys 
are  civilized,  whatever  Ox  nians  may  be  I 
Mr.  Arnold  by  "  barbarians  "  meant  aris- 
tocrats, as  distinguished  from  "  philistines" 
and  "  populace."  Etonians  with  a  sense  of 
humour  may  well  pray  to  be  saved  from 
their  friends. 

Nevertheless,  a  book  which  contains  the 
excellent  paper  on  'Rugby  School,  1567- 
1842  a.d.,'  by  "Tom  Brown"  (an  excellent 
portrait  of  whom  forms  the  frontispiece  of 
the  volume) ;  the  pleasant  sketch,  all  too 
short,  of  'Harrow  School,  1829-1889,'  by 
the  present  Master  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge (pp.  77-86) ;  the  introduction  by  tho 
late  Lord.  Selborne  to  Mr.  Gale's  account  of 
Winchester — in  which,  by  a  strange  slip 
(p.  309),  the  numbers  of  the  school  are 
exaggerated  by  nearly  one  hundred ;  and 
the  vivid  account  of  Westminster,  by  Mr. 
Russell  Barker,  beautifully  illustrated  by 
Mr.  Railton — such  a  book,  we  say,  is  in- 
teresting to  any  public-school  man.  If  there 
is  a  fault  common  more  or  less  to  all  these 
papers,  it  is  one  which  is,  perhaps,  akin  to 
a  virtue.  They  are  written  by  enthusiasts, 
who  touch  too  gently,  or  not  at  all,  on 
the  seamy  side  of  public  -  school  life  and 
the  historic  scandals  of  old  institutions. 
Mr.  Mowbray  Morris,  for  instance,  on  p.  53, 
dismisses  the  darker  side  of  his  subject  by 
murmuring,  "We  have  changed  all  that 
now,  and  no  one  and  nothing  is  served  by 
raking  together  these 

Portions  and  parcels  of  the  dreadful  past." 
This  natural  mood  of  retrospective  tolera- 
tion has  given  a  long  lease  to  barbaric 
survivals  :  few  places  have  suffered  so 
much  as  public  schools  from  the  want  of  a 
healthy  breeze  of  outside  opinion.  Their 
reform  has  been  tardy  and  partial,  through 
the  want  of  humour  and  the  rigid  oppres- 
siveness that  always  characterize  an  athletic 
regime. 

Few  non-Etonians,  we  suspect,  know  how 
narrowly  Eton  on  several  occasions  escaped 
the  wrath  or  greed  of  the  monarchy. 
Edward  IV.  —  regarding  it  as  "a  Lan- 
castrian foundation  "  —  was  within  an  ace 
of  suppressing  it ;  Henry  YIII.  and  his 
successor  both  meditated  its  plunder,  but 
stayed  their  hands ;  Queen  Elizabeth  was 
contented  to  impose  upon  it  "  a  layman  and 
an  alien" — Henry  Savile,  of  Merton  Col- 
lege— as  Provost,  and,  as  it  turned  out,  a 
right  good  one  ;  later  on,  Bacon  was  nearly 
elected,  but  Sir  Henry  Wotton  was  pre- 
ferred. But  no  monarch  or  Protector  did 
Eton  such  disservice  as  her  own  collegiate 
Fellows.  Generous  as  individual  Fellows 
were,  the  collective  body  was  sordidly 
rapacious.  Less  than  sixty  years  ago,  "  the 
interests  of  the  scholars  were  sacrificed  to 
those  of  the  Provost,  Fellows,  and  head 
master"  to  such  a  degree  that  the  life  of 
a  colleger  was  "almost  intolerable."  In 
1 84 1  matters  had  reached  such  a  pass  that, 
notwithstanding  the  prospective  advantages 
of  being  on  the  foundation,  there  were 
thirty-five  vacancies  and  only  two  candidates'. 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHEN.EUM 


79 


The  older  foundation  of  Winchester  suffered 
in  precisely  the  same  way,  to  a  more  recent 
date  still,  from  the  absorption  of  its  revenues 
by  a  handful  of  non-resident  Fellows,  and 
the  consequent  squalor  of  the  life  in  college 
and  the  crippling  of  the  educational  re- 
sources of  the  school.  The  moral  of  these 
things  is  plain — a  foundation  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  youth  cannot  prosper  on  the  leavings 
of  a  body  of  Fellows  without  duties.  If 
these  older  and  richer  foundations  seem  only 
just  to  have  held  their  own  against  more 
modern  and  less  richly  endowed  rivals,  it  is 
fair  to  remember  how  their  resources  were 
absorbed,  and  what  sorry  examples  were  set 
before  them. 

Mr.  Thornton  writes  pompously  on  the 
■early  history  of  Harrow.  To  the  defects  of 
his  style  let  this  specimen  testify.  A  certain 
Dr.  Snape 

"took  part  in  what  is  known  as  the  Bangorian 
controversy,  wherein  the  right  of  the  clergy  to 
transfer  allegiance  from  their  legitimate  rulers 
to  those  who  reigned  by  national  choice,  rather 
than  hereditary  position,  was,  if  nominally 
on  grounds  purely  ecclesiastical,  practically 
challenged  by  Hoadly,  Bishop  of  Bangor." 

If  only  the  Master  of  Trinity  had  corrected 
the  style  of  this  paper,  as  well  as  supple- 
mented it  by  his  interesting  sketch  of  recent 
Harrow ! 

In  the  case  of  four  schools  —  Eton, 
Harrow,  Cheltenham,  and  Rugby — special 
chapters  on  athletics  have  been  contributed, 
by  the  Rev.  S.  James,  Mr.  P.  H.  Marti- 
neau,  Mr.  E.  Skirving,  and  Mr.  Lees 
Knowles,  M.P.,  respectively ;  they  are 
pleasant  and  genial  records,  but  mono- 
tonous in  their  character.  Mr.  Knowles, 
perhaps,  hits  off  the  style  suitable  to  such 
things  best;  the  story  with  which  he  con- 
cludes, of  the  interview  between  his  head 

master  and  a  certain  H ,  is  amusingly 

laconic:     "H ,  I  think.      H ,   you 

run ;  so  did  I.     You  hold  the  school-bags, 

H ;  so  did  I.    You  don't  work,  H ; 

I  did.  You  must.  Good  morning."  Mr. 
Lee  Warner  writes  a  pleasant  paper  on  the 
last  fifty  years  of  Rugby  ;  but  to  describe  a 
certain  period  of  the  school  as  one  in  which 
"  by  its  very  successes  it  had  somewhat 
spent  its  strength  "is  an  unwise  euphem- 
ism. All  schools  have  had  such  periods; 
but  they  will  do  well  to  think  of  them,  and 
speak  of  them  by  the  right  name.  Mr.  L. 
Huxley  describes  Charterhouse  and  its  his- 
toric removal  to  the  Surrey  hills,  its  life 
and  its  admirable  library,  very  agreeably 
and  without  prolixity. 

Educationally  speaking,  the  most  in- 
teresting feature  of  the  volume  is  the  testi- 
mony it  bears  to  the  modern  or  Victorian 
public  schools.  The  chapters  on  Chelten- 
ham, Clifton,  Haileybury,  and  Marlborough 
—why  has  Wellington  no  place  here  ? — 
will  remind  people  of  a  most  remarkable 
development.  None  of  these  schools  is 
sixty  years  old,  yet  they  are  already  level  in 
the  race — to  say  no  more— with  the  oldor 
foundations  in  many  essential  respects.  The 
fact  is  that  neither  a  wealthy  foundation 
nor  oven  an  historic  background  can  be 
regarded  as  an  unmixed  advantage  to  insti- 
tutions which  are  naturally  tempted  to  indo- 
lence and  pride.  Even  of  these  papers, 
written  for  the  most  part  in  a  sensible 
though  enthusiastic  tono,  a  foreign  Matthew 
Arnold  would  be  tempted  to  say,  We  see 


your  public  schools,  but  are  they  always  at 
play  ?  We  see  beautiful  pictures  of  their 
buildings — have  you  nothing  to  tell  us  of 
their  aspirations  and  ideas  ? 


Yencrabilis  Baedae  Historiam  JEcclesiasticam 
Gcntis  Anglorum,  Historiam  Abbatum,  JEpis- 
tolam  ad  Ecgbertum,  una  cum  Historia 
Abbatum  Auctore  Anonymo  ad  fidem  Codi- 
cum  Manuscriptorum  denuo  recognovit,  Com- 
mentario  tarn  critico  quam  historico  instruxit 
Carolus  Plummer,  A.M.  2  vols.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

In  the  interval  between  publishing  the  text 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  and  preparing 
a  full  commentary  upon   it,  Mr.  Plummer 
has  applied  himself  to  the  historical  works 
of  Bede,  deeming,  not  without  reason,  that 
a   critical    edition   of    them    forms   an   in- 
dispensable   preliminary   to    a   proper    in- 
vestigation  of    the   sources   of   the    earlier 
portions  of  the  Chronicle.     Such  an  edition 
he  has  now  produced,  and  for  it  he  deserves 
the  hearty  gratitude  of  all  students  of  the 
origines  of  English  history.     To  say,  as  he 
says,  that  it  is  the  first  critical  edition  since 
Smith  published  his  in   1722  is  to  under- 
state its  merits.  Mr.  Plummer  has  examined 
no  fewer  than  forty-five  manuscripts,  while 
Smith  contented  himself  with  four.     He  has 
found  that  these  forty-five  arrange   them- 
selves  in   three   classes,  according  as  they 
follow  the  pattern  of  the  Moore  MS.  at  Cam- 
bridge (Kk.  v.  16)  or  that  of  the  Cottonian 
MS.  Tiberius   C.  ii.,  or    contain  a  conflate 
text.     The  result  of  this  examination  is  to 
prove,  as   the   late   Father   Stevenson   had 
independently  discovered,  that  the  first  class, 
headed  by  M,  offers  the  text  of  a  first  edition 
of  the  '  Historia  Ecclesiastica,'  finished  in 
731,  while  the  second  class,  that  of  C,  repre- 
sents  a  second   edition   completed   in   734. 
Mr.  Plummer  has  furnished  a  full  and  careful 
description  of   the  manuscripts  he  has  in- 
spected, and  our  only  complaint  about  this 
part   of  his  work  is  that  he  has  thought  it 
desirable  to  indicate  them  in  most  cases  by 
a  single  initial,  denoting  the  place   or  the 
collection  in  which  they  are  now  preserved, 
and   to    distinguish    different    manuscripts 
in  the  same  place  or  collection  by  inferior 
numerals.       Now    inferior     numerals     are 
not  only  difficult  to  read  and  to  remember, 
but  are  extremely  liable  to  be  misprinted. 
Nor  was  it  at  all  necessary  thus  to  reduce 
the   symbols  to  their  smallest  dimensions, 
since  Mr.   Plummer  has  collated  only   the 
four  leading  manuscripts.  It  is  confusing  to 
have    twenty- one   Oxford    manuscripts    all 
denoted  by  0  (01?  0.,,  &c),   when  most  of 
them  might  have  been  more  clearly  repre- 
sented    by    abbreviations     like     "  Hatt.," 
"Dou.,"  "Fairf."  (for  the  Hatton,  Douce, 
and  Fairfax  MSS.),  and   "Ball.,"  "Line," 
"  Mert.,"    &c.    (for     the     various     college 
MSS.). 

Since,  however,  Mr.  Plummer  has  done 
so  much,  it  is,  perhaps,  hypercritical  to 
object  to  small  details ;  nor  do  we  at  all 
think  ho  has  erred  in  collating  through- 
out only  a  small  number  of  manuscripts. 
Modern  editors  aro  too  apt  to  suppose  that 
a  complete  collation  of  everything  obtain- 
able is  absolutely  essential  to  the  production 
of  a  critical  text ;  whereas  a  trained  scholar 
who  has  four  manuscripts  before  him  of  the 
very  century  in  which  his  author  wrote  is 


perfectly  able  after  scrupulous  examination 
to  relegate  all  the  remainder  to  the  category 
of  transcripts  taken    directly  or    indirectly 
from  these   four.     We   may  illustrate   this 
fact  by  some  remarks  concerning  one  manu- 
script which  stands  probably  next  in  date 
to  the  four  here    collated,  but  which  Mr. 
Plummer   has    not    inspected,    though    by 
means  of  a  catalogue  he  has  been  enabled 
to  judge  its  general  affinity  correctly  (see 
his  introduction,  p.  xcix,  n.  3).     We  refer 
to  the  Berne  MS.  49,  a  volume  written  in 
the    ninth   century,    and    formerly  belong- 
ing to    the    famous   monastery  of  Fleury. 
Mr.   Plummer  sets    out   five  leading  tests 
whereby    to    distinguish    the    earlier    (M) 
edition   from   the   later   (C).     In  all  these 
the    Berne  MS.  agrees  with  M.     Now  the 
Harleian    MS.   4978    is   believed    by   Mr. 
Plummer    to  be  "unquestionably  a  direct 
transcript    from   M."     It   contains   at    the 
end  of   the   '  Historia  Ecclesiastica '   pieces 
from    Isidore     and    Gregory    II.,    and    it 
was,    in     Mr.    Plummer' s      opinion,      the 
scribe    of    the    Harleian    manuscript   (H„) 
who  inserted  the  same  extracts  at  the  end 
of   M.     They  are  also  found,  in  the  same 
position,   in    the  Berne   MS.      "The  most 
decisive    evidence    of   copying,"    says    Mr. 
Plummer,  "is  given  by  those  instances  in 
which   the  scribe  of  Hi  has  misinterpreted 
the  reading  of  M."      He  gives  two  speci- 
mens, in  which  exactly  the  same  mistakes 
appear  in  the  Berne  MS.     All  three  manu- 
scripts agree    in    abbreviating    quotations 
from  the  Bible,  and  they  abbreviate  in  the 
same  manner.      The   two   younger    manu- 
scripts, moreover,    agree    in    incorporating 
in  the  text  additions  which  M  has  in  the 
margin  {e.g.,  lib.  ii.   10,  p.  102,  n.  4).     Mr. 
Plummer  cites  also  nine  cases  in  which  the 
clerical  blunders  of  M  are  repeated  in  Hx. 
In  every  one  of  these  the  Berne  MS.  origin- 
ally presented  the  same  reading ;  only  in 
three   of   them  the   error   has    since    been 
found  out  and  corrected.     There  are  other 
readings   which    seem    to    show   that    the 
Berne  MS.  stands  midway  between  M  and 
Hi — in  other  words,  that  Hx  was    actually 
transcribed   from  it.     How  else  are  we  to 
account  for   the  fact  that  both   Berne  and 
Hi  have  written  in  lib.  iii.  11  (p.  149,  n.  6) 
"  ille  "  instead  of  illo,  and  that  both  have 
corrected  the  word  into  ilia,  except  on  the 
supposition  that  the  scribe  of  H,  was  copy- 
ing the  text  of  Berne,  and  did  not  notice  the 
correction  until  he  had  written   the   blun- 
dered  word?     Again,    in  the   same    page, 
"  the  scribe  of  M  at  first  wrote  sanitati"  for 
sa)iati  (n.  9)  ;  so  did  the  Berne  scribe,  but 
he  erased  the  letters    it,  and  the   mistake 
does  not  appear  elsewhere.     In  lib.  ii.    17 
(p.  120,  n.   1)  M  has  "  spatia "   instead  of 
spatiis;  Berne  likewise  has  "  spatia,"  which 
has     been     corrected     into     spatiis    by    a 
later     hand;     and     Hi   has     spatiis     over 
an   erasure.      In  lib.  v.    8   (p.    295,  n.  2) 
Berno    alone   follows    M    in     the    reading 
"sacerdos,"  but  it  has  the  last  three  letters 
erased.     Two  other  instances  may  be  added 
which  cannot  bo  verified  in  Mr.  Plummer's 
edition,  since  ho  does  not  profess  to  have 
collated  Hi  throughout.    First,  in  lib.  iv.  13 
the  Berne   MS.  by  an  accidental  confusion 
roads  "  coiberi  haec  que  post  Cantuariua  ad 
austor  "    instead   of    "  cohiberi ;     siquidem 
divertous       ad       provinciam       Australiuui 
Saxonum,   quae  post   Cantuarios   ad    aus- 


so 


THE     A  TH  I-IX^UM 


N*3612,  Jan.  10,  '07 


trum."     II,  lias  tried  to  rnako  sonse  of  the 
Berno  words  by  writing  "  oohiberi  sic  quo 

{)08t  cantuarios  ad  austor."  Secondly,  in 
ib.  ii.  18  Berne  and  II,  alone,  so  far 
as  wo  know,  make  a  now  chapter  begin 
with  tho  letter  of  Honorius,  "  Diloctissimo 
fratri." 

Ono  single  reading  that  wo  have  noticed 
may  seem  opposed  to  our  hypothesis,  which 
is  that  H,,  which  comes  undoubtedly  from 
a  French  monastery,  is  a  direct  transcript, 
not  of  M,  but  of  tho  Floury  book  now  pre- 
served at  Berno.  In  lib.  iii.  20  M  has  "menses 
uii"  corrected  into  "  iiii,"  and  Berne  has 
"  ui,"  while  II,,  according  to  Mr.  Plummer, 
has  "scptem"  written  in  full.  But  no 
data  are  so  insecure  for  establishing  the 
relations  of  manuscripts  as  those  offered  by 
numerals.  It  is  a  curious  illustration  of  the 
difficulty  presented  even  by  the  simplest 
figures  that  not  only  Mr.  Flummer  but 
also  Profs.  Mayor  and  Lumby  comment  on 
the  passage  to  which  we  have  referred  on 
the  assumption  that  Bede  says  "  seven " 
when  the  text  they  print  says  "  four." 

The  facts  that  have  been  brought  out  may 
serve  to  show  that  there  is  still  something 
left  for  gleaners  after  Mr.  Plummer  ;  and 
yet  all  that  we  have  elicited  affects  nothing 
of  the  real  words  of  Bede,  but  merely  the 
precise  relation  of  one  derivative  of  M  to 
another.  It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  add 
that  the  other  Berne  MS.  (No.  363)  cited  as 
one  of  the  '  Historia  Ecclesiastica '  cannot 
claim  that  character.  Six  leaves  of  that 
volume  (ff.  188b  to  19-la)  contain  a  mere 
epitome  of  part  of  lib.  i.,  and  end  abruptly 
at  the  words  "in  membris  meis "  in  the 
middle  of  ch.  xxvii.  (p.  61,  1.  5  from  foot,  in 
Mr.  Plummer' s  edition).  The  only  point  of 
interest  about  the  fragment  is  that  it  was 
written  in  the  eighth  century,  and  shows 
how  quickly  Bede's  history  won  its  way  as 
a  text- book  which  might  be  summarized  for 
educational  purposes. 

In  printing  his  text  Mr.  Plummer 
has  introduced  the  convenient  innovation 
(familiar  from  an  analogous  practice  in  the 
'  Monumenta  Germaniae  '  and  in  the  Polls 
Series)  of  using  italic  type  "to  indicate 
those  parts  of  Bede's  work  which  are  derived 
from  previously  existing  materials,  so  far  as 
these  have  come  down  to  us."  It  was  un- 
lucky, however,  that  he  was  not  made  aware 
of  one  important  and  highly  interesting 
source  until  it  was  too  late  to  embody  its 
results  except  in  the  form  of  addenda  to 
vol.  i.  and  of  an  appendix  to  vol.  ii.  We 
refer  to  the  oldest  life  of  Gregory  the  Great, 
written  by  a  monk  of  Whitby,  which  was 
published  by  Taul  Ewald  from  a  St.  Gall 
manuscript  in  1886,  and  from  which  Bede 
obtained  a  great  part  of  his  information 
about  the  Popo.  It  is  heie,  for  instanca, 
that  we  find  for  the  first  time  the  famous 
story  of  Gregory  and  the  English  boys  at 
Pome : — 

"  Cumque  responderent,  Anguli  dicuut.nr  illi, 
de  quibus  sumiis,  ille  dixit  Angeli  Dei.  Deimle 
dixit,  Hex  gent-is  illius  quomodo  iiominatur  f  Et 
dixerunt  Aelli.  Et  ille  ait,  Alleluia!  lans  cnim 
Dei  esse  debet  illic.  Tribus  quoque  illius  nomen 
de  qua  erant  proprie  requisivit.  Et  dixerunt 
Deire.  Et  ille  dixit,  De  ira  Dei  covfugieutes  ad 
/idem." 

What  is  strange  is  that  Mr.  Plummer  has 
not  yet  discovered  that  tho  relevant  portions 
of  Ewald's  publication  were  all  printed  by 


Sir  John    Sooley  in    tho    English  Jlmtorical 
J!,n,u-  for  INS*  (vol.  iii.  805-810). 

Tho  text  of  Bedo  is  provided  with  mar- 
ginal headings  of  contents,  and  so  are — 
which  is  a  very  convenient  innovation — tho 
notes  in  the  second  volume.  Perhaps  tho 
editor  adopted  tho  idea  from  Profs.  Mayor 
and  Lumby,  who,  however,  made  use  of  the 
loss  practical  method  of  indicating  tho  lead- 
ing point  in  a  number  of  notes  on  a  given 
page  by  means  of  the  headline.  From  their 
edition  of  books  iii.  and  iv.  Mr.  Plummer 
has  naturally  derived  great  assistance  ;  but 
there  is  no  sign  of  servile  copying,  and  he 
has  wisely  abstained  from  repeating  a  large 
part  of  the  endless  references,  many  of  which 
are  only  remotely  connected  with  the  subject 
in  hand.  Still,  it  is  only  fair  to  add  that 
the  commentary  of  the  Cambridge  scholars, 
with  its  helpful  prefatory  notices  to  each 
chapter,  is  by  no  means  superseded  by  the 
briefer  and  more  business-like  exposition 
which  we  owe  to  Oxford.  Nor  is  Mr. 
Plummer  himself  exempt  from  the  tendency 
to  digression  and  unnecessary  illustration. 
It  is  impossible  not  to  regret  that  the  notes 
are  put  in  a  separate  volume,  as  though  Bede 
were  a  class-book  for  schools.  Had  the  work 
appeared  in  demy  octavo,  there  would  have 
been  plenty  of  room  for  the  notes  at  the 
foot  of  the  page  in  a  single  volume,  and 
the  editor  would  have  been  compelled  to 
exercise  more  self -repression  ;  he  would, 
moreover,  have  saved  himself  the  labour 
of  compiling  a  distinct  index  for  each 
volume,  where  both  from  the  nature  of  the 
case  to  a  great  extent  repeat  one  another. 

It  is  impossible  here  to  linger  over  the 
innumerable  points  of  interest  that  arise 
out  of  the  commentary.  We  must  content 
ourselves  with  a  couple  of  examples.  Since 
Loofs  wrote  his  remarkable  dissertation  on 
the  ancient  British  and  Scottish  churches, 
scholars  have  been  gradually  coming  to 
acquiesce  in  the  view  that  St.  Patrick  is  in 
reality  the  Palladius  of  Bede,  i.  13.  But 
Mr.  Plummer,  unless  we  are  mistaken,  has 
the  credit  of  discovering  the  origin  of  the 
name  Patricius,  which  first  appears  in 
Tirechan.  "It  is  quite  possible" — so  the 
editor  modestly  puts  forward  a  brilliant 
hypothesis — 

"  that  the  statement  of  Tirechan,  'Paladius 

qui  Patricius  alio  nomine  appelabatur,'  may 
ultimately  rest  on  some  confused  reminiscence 
of  the  present  chapter  of  Bede,  and  that  the 
words  'qui  et  patricius  fuit,' which  belong  to 
Aetius,  have  got  attached  to  Palladius,  and  this 
may  be  the  starting-point  of  later  developments. 
Saints  have  been  created  out  of  less.  We  have 
seen  the  origin  of  St.  Amphibalus  from 
St.  Alban's  cloak  (c.  7)  ;  and  a  St.  Pontiolus  has 
been  evolved  from  a  false  reading  of  ttovtioXm 
for  7toti6\u>v  (=Puteoli)  in  the  Antiochene 
Acts  of  St.  Ignatius." 

A  quotation  from  the  chapter  of  Bede  in 
question  will  enable  the  reader  to  judge 
the  character  of  this  conjecture  :  — 

"Cuius  anno  imperii  VIII.  Palladius  ad 
Scottos  in  Christum  credentes  a  pontifice 
Romanae  ecclesiao  Celestino  primus  mittitur 
episcopus.  Anno  autem  regni  eius  XXIII., 
Aetius  vir  inlustris,  qui  et  patricius  fuit, 
tertium  cum  Simmacho  gessit  consulatum." 

To  those  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
style  of  writing  of  the  age  and  with  the 
perverse  practices  of  transcribers  the  sug- 
gestion will,  we  think,  appear  to  possess  a 
high  degree   of    probability.     But   it    does 


not  involve,  as  Mr.  Plummer  seems  to  say, 
a   doubt  as  to  "  the  rerj  existence  of 

Patrick."  It  onlj'  denies  the  existence  of 
a  1'atrick,  the  "Patricius  eecundus"  of 
Tirechan,  distinct  from  Palladium 

Mr.  Plummer  has  some  valuable  remarks 
on  tho  question  whether  the  Upper  Thames 
valley  belonged  to  Wessex  or  Mercia.     Mr. 
James    Parker    in    his  '  Early    History   of 
Oxford'   maintained  that  when    the  West- 
Saxon  king  Cwichelm  made  a  treaty  with 
Penda  of  Mercia  in  628  "  there  is  not  much 
doubt  that  the  Thames  was  the  stipulated 
southern    boundary    of    Mercia,"    so    that 
Birinus,    the    first    bishop     of     the    West 
Saxons,    established   his    see    on     Mercian 
territory.     It  does  not   need    much    know- 
ledge  of  our  early  ecclesiastical  system  to» 
perceive   that   such   an    hypothesis    is   in- 
credible.    But  when  was  the  strip  of  land 
north  of  the  Thames  lost  by  Wessex  ?     The 
usual  opinion  is  that  this  did  not  happen* 
until  the  battle  of  Bensington  in  777.     On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  certain  that  Wulfhere- 
invaded   Wessex   in    661,    and     a    Bishop 
Aetla  is  found  at  Dorchester  in  Oxfordshire- 
notlong  afterwards,  at  a  date  when  the  West- 
Saxon  see  is  known  to  have  been  placed  at  Win- 
chester.    Consequently  this  Aetla  is  usually 
regarded  as  the  same  person  as  Haedde  of 
Winchester.      Mr.  Plummer,  however,  un- 
willing to  charge  Bede  with  this  confusion 
of   names,  suggests  (on    book  iv.  23)  that 
Ethelred  of  Mercia  "may  well  have  con- 
tinued    Wulfhere's     policy    of     curtailing 
Wessex  .  .  .  and  gained  possession  of  Dor- 
chester "  not  long  after  his  accession  in  675 y 
so  that  Aetla's  establishment  as  bishop  was 
a  direct  sequel  to  this  (supposed)  victory. 
Mr.  Plummer  thinks  it  probable  that  Caed- 
walla  of   Wessex,    after    he    came    to   the- 
throne    in  686,    "recovered  this   and  other 
districts  belonging  to  Wessex,"  and  "that 
consequently  the  Mercian  bishopric  of  Dor- 
chester disappeared  after  a  very  few  years- 
of  existence."  The  theory  certainly  deserves- 
consideration ;     it    has    the    advantage    of 
removing  all  the  difficulties  in  our  data,  but 
it  has  also  the  disadvantage  of  postulating 
an  unrecorded  conquest  and  reconquest. 

The  book  is  exceedingly  well  and  accu- 
rately printed,  and  the  errata  we  have 
observed  are  hardly  worth  drawing  attention 
to.  It  may,  however,  be  noted  that  in  the- 
introduction  (p.  civ,  n.  1,  2)  Lupus  of  Fer- 
rieres  is  twice  called  Lupus  of  Ferrara  ;  and 
readers  will  be  surprised  to  find  the  famous* 
Codex  Laudianus  of  the  Acts  and  Epistles 
obscurely  referred  to  (p.  liv)  as  "a  MS-, 
now  existing  in  the  Bodleian  Library,"  with 
a  foot-note,  "Laud.  Greek,  No.  35."  The- 
introduction  as  a  whole  is  an  important  con- 
tribution both  to  the  life  of  Bede  and  to* 
the  criticism  of  his  writings. 


NEW  NOVELS. 


A    Marriage   Mystery.      By  Fergus    Hume. 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Tracked  by  a  Tattoo.     By  the  same  author. 

(Warne&  Co.) 
Mi:.  Fergus  Hume  has  undoubtedly  been 
endowed  with  a  talent  for  stories  of  crime, 
and  he  shows  wisdom  in  devoting  himself  to- 
this  class  of  fiction.  It  must  be  enough  to 
say,  without  revealing  the  bold  solution  of 
it,  that  'A  Marriage  Mystery  '  is  ingeniously 
put  together.     The  mystery  is  of  course  a 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


81 


murder.  In  the  working  out  of  the  plot 
the  author  cleverly  tries  to  make  the  reader 
fix  the  crime  first  upon  one  character  and 
then  upon  another,  but  there  is  one  detail 
which  seems  weak.  Much  depends  on  the 
exact  time  at  which  the  murder  was  com- 
mitted. This  is  supposed  to  be  made  certain 
by  a  doctor's  opinion.  A  doctor  would 
hardly  pretend  to  be  certain  from  the 
appearance  of  a  corpse  that  death  took 
place  at  a  moment  which  could  be  made 
precise  within  half  an  hour,  and  even  if  he 
were  prepared  to  come  to  such  a  decision, 
a  court  of  justice  would  certainly  not  accept 
his  opinion  as  conclusive.  A  thoroughly 
good  detective  story  should  not  leave  ragged 
ends  like  this.  There  is,  however,  another 
point  in  which  Mr.  Hume  is  not  quite  suc- 
cessful. To  make  a  satisfactory  novel  of 
this  kind  it  is  necessary  to  rouse  strong 
interest  in  some  direction.  One  wants  the 
characters,  or  some  of  them,  to  be  fasci- 
nating or  at  least  strikingly  lifelike,  but 
Mr.  Hume  does  not  succeed  in  enlisting  the 
reader's  sympathy  for  any  character.  He 
makes  one  say,  "  I  certainly  should  like  to 
know,  but  really  I  don't  much  care  which 
of  them  did  it." 

Madaline  Garry  substituted  her  own  child 
for  the  legitimate  son  of  Sir  Francis  Fel- 
lenger.  But  that  baronet  before  his  death 
had  had  the  rightful  heir  tattooed  with  a 
cross  on  the  left  arm,  and  wrote  an  account 
of  the  transaction  and  his  suspicions  of 
Madaline's  designs.  To  make  things  all 
right,  he  naturally  concealed  the  document 
in  a  secret  drawer  in  a  cabinet,  where  it  was 
a  million  to  one  against  its  ever  being  dis- 
covered. On  this  common-sense  foundation 
Mr.  Hume  has  built  yet  another  detective 
story.  The  murder  in  Tooley's  Alley  is  suf- 
ficiently mysterious,  and  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  multiplicity  of  the  characters,  and 
the  reasons  which  involve  almost  all  of  them, 
one  after  the  other,  in  suspicion  of  a  guilty 
connexion  with  the  crime,  are  most  plausibly 
and  artfully  adduced.  Not  until  the  fall  of 
the  curtain  does  the  reader  discover  that  a 
doubt  he  had  of  the  young  solicitor,  princi- 
pally on  the  ground  that  there  is  no  sufficient 
reason  for  his  introduction  otherwise,  is  justi- 
fied by  the  event.  Mr.  Hume's  new  book  is 
good  of  its  kind,  but  we  wish  even  Mr.  Fauks 
would  talk  a  little  better.  "I'm  agree- 
able "  may  do  for  him  in  his  professional 
capacity,  but  Ilixton  is  supposed  to  speak 
like  a  gentleman. 

Half  round  the    World  for  a  Husband.     By 

May  Crommelin.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
Like  Bessie  Bell  and  Mary  Gray,  Ann  and 
Anita  were  two  bonny  lasses.  They  were 
also  much  alike  ;  and  when  Anita  was  to 
leave  her  English  school  and  return  to  Chili 
to  bo  married  to  a  man  she  had  never  seen, 
it  occurred  to  her  as  a  happy  thought  to 
send  her  bosom  friend  instead,  first  to  the 
betrothal  by  proxy  and  then  upon  the 
voyage.  How  this  meritorious  scheme  suc- 
ceeds is  the  topic  of  the  story,  which  con- 
sists principally  of  descriptions  of  West 
Indian  and  South  American  life  and 
scenery — descriptions  which  we  are  bound 
to  say  are  graphic  and  interesting.  If  the 
absurdity  of  tho  plot  can  be  condoned,  we 
l  add  that  Ann  Montague  is  a  very  nice 
girl,   and  deserves  the  fortunate    result   of 

Also  the  vulgar 


her  travels  and  troubles. 


Lothario  of  her  outward  voyage  seems 
likely  to  be  appropriately  punished  by 
the  stout  lady  of  colour  who  "  owns  him." 

The  Sign  of  the  Spider.  By  Bertram  Mitford. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 
This  is  a  story  of  South  African  adventure 
of  a  very  blood-curdling  order.  It  matters 
little  that  the  character  who  occupies  the 
position  of  hero  is  a  rather  blackguardly 
class  of  man.  Adventures  are,  of  course,  to 
the  adventurous,  and  among  the  adventurous 
there  is  a  fair  proportion  of  such  heroes. 
Nor  is  it  an  outrage  to  probability  that  our 
hero,  though  a  married  man,  should  make 
love  with  more  or  less  success  to  girls  civi- 
lized and  uncivilized,  nor  that  he  should  in 
the  end  come  to  wealth  and  happiness. 
But  in  the  most  terrible  of  his  adventures 
the  power  of  shuddering  horror  demanded 
of  the  reader  is  a  little  overtaxed.  This  is 
when  a  savage  tribe  puts  the  hero  into  a 
pit  with  a  cavern  conveniently  attached, 
where  dwells  a  nasty  creature,  nasty  and 
awful  beyond  all  things — a  spider  larger 
than  life,  as  big  in  fact  as  a  bear  and  as 
shaggy,  with  "the  head  of  a  devil,  the 
body  and  legs  of  a  spider,"  flail  -  like 
tentacle  or  tentacles,  and  nippers.  One 
readily  agrees  with  the  author  when  he 
says,  rather  tamely,  "  No,  it  was  no  ordinary 
thing  this  fearsome  monster."  The  hero  is 
of  course  saved,  partly  by  his  own  vigour 
and  power  of  will,  and  partly  by  the  help 
of  a  lady,  a  sort  of  dusky  princess,  with 
"shapely  shoulders  which  glistened  light 
bronze  in  the  moonlight."  Still,  with  all 
its  absurdities  of  detail  and  of  style,  Mr. 
Mitford' s  story  is  in  its  way  exciting. 

Tomahjrts  Quest.    By  G.  B.  Burgin.     (Innes 

&  Co.) 
Mr.  Burgin's  sprightly  and  vivacious  style 
would  make  almost  any  story  readable.  The 
present  one  is  sufficiently  exciting  in  itself 
to  meet  the  most  exacting  demands ;  in- 
deed, something  less  reminiscent  of  the  fairy 
stories  of  one's  youth  would  have  preserved 
the  denoument  from  a  strong  suspicion  of 
extravagance.  Tomalyn  Crane  is  a  manly 
and  altogether  delightful  youth  who  goes 
out  to  Turkey  in  search  of  adventures  as 
the  private  secretary  of  Tomkins  Pasha. 
His  desires  are  amply  fulfilled,  and 
his  loves,  his  daring  exploits,  and  per- 
petual hairbreadth  escapes  from  Russian 
and  Armenian  intrigues  are  all  related  in 
the  breeziest  fashion,  with  plentiful  touches 
of  genial  humour,  and  provide  the  plea- 
santest  pastime  for  a  couple  of  leisure  hours. 
So  real  and  vivid  is  the  character-drawing 
of  the  principal  personages,  and  so  skilfully 
are  the  episodes  introduced,  that  it  is  quite  a 
disagreeable  shock  to  find  so  childish  a  device 
resorted  to  for  the  dinou'ment  as  the  species 
of  conjuring  trick  which  transforms  an 
admirable  but  plain  girl  into  a  beauty  at 
the  expense  of  her  wicked  but  lovely  rival, 
in  order  that  Tomalyn  may  live  happily 
ever  afterwards.  Even  this  lapso  into  extra- 
vagance, however,  cannot  materially  injure 
a  tale  so  witty,  wholesome,  and  well  written. 

The    Squire   of    Wandalcs.      By    A.    Shield. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 
I  >ri:  old  friend  Bluebeard  in  tho  dress  of  a 
modern    young  man   is   a   truly  astounding 
apparition.      Mr.  Ninian    Scrope,  however, 


plays  the  part  with  great  spirit — so  much  so 
that  the  nursery  hero's  matrimonial  exploits 
grow  pale  and  insignificant  when  compared 
with  those  of  his  successor.  The  reader 
who  can  keep  count  of  his  wives  and 
victims  must  have  a  strong  head  and  an 
appetite  for  forcible-feeble  sensationalism 
beyond  the  ordinary  capacity.  Personally 
we  prefer  the  original  Bluebeard ;  he  was- 
a  great  deal  more  amusing  than  the  Squire* 
of  Wandales,  and  there  was  not  so  much, 
of  him. 

TJie    Story  of  Bell.      By  L.  Beith  DalzieL 

(Ward  &  Downey.) 
Little  is  exacted  of  the  average  domestic 
story,  except  that  it  should  supply  plenty 
of  sentimental  romance  of  the  sound,  whole- 
some, and  legitimate  order.  '  The  Story  of 
Bell,'  while  full  of  the  necessary  exuberant 
sentimentality  and  highflown  aspirations, 
has  egregiously  strayed  from  its  proper 
track  in  the  matter  of  plot.  A  mild  touch 
of  fin-de-siccle  freedom  is  nauseously  out  of 
place  in  this  order  of  novel,  which  is  certainly 
little  if  it  is  not  strictly  wholesome.  That 
the  heroine  should  continue  to  cherish  an, 
unlawful  attachment  for  her  cousin's  hus- 
band after  his  marriage,  and  that  her  senti- 
ments should  be  reciprocated,  is  sad  indeed. 
Moreover,  there  is  absolutely  a  mutual  con- 
fession of  the  same,  and  heroics  run  wild 
over  a  situation  which  a  young  girl  might 
consider  doubtful  reading  for  her  mother. 
Of  course  little  harm  is  done,  beyond  an? 
inevitable  death,  or  rather  suicide ;  but 
strong  matters  need  strong  handling,  and 
Bell — for  all  the  adjectives  lavished  upon 
her — has  not  received  it. 


The   Evolution    of   a    Wife.      By   Elizabeth 

Holland.  (Milne.) 
This  "romance  in  six  parts"  appears  to  be- 
the  first  novel  published  by  its  author.  She- 
would  have  been  better  advised  to  have 
reduced  it  to  one-third  of  its  present  lengthy 
when  it  might  have  had  some  chance  of 
success.  As  it  is,  the  book  presents  itself 
as  a  lengthy  task.  It  requires  resolution 
and  much  perseverance  to  follow  the 
fortunes  of  the  heroine  throughout  nearly 
four  hundred  large  and  closely  printed 
pages  of  diffuse  and  wandering  narration,, 
interspersed  with  an  unconscionable  propor- 
tion of  English-French  schoolroom  jargon. 
"Madame  a  l'air  si  fatigue,"  observes 
the  heroine's  maid,  to  which  her  mistress- 
replies,  "Et  tu  aussi."  It  is  to  be  hoped 
the  Grey  Sisters  who  kept  the  convent 
school  at  Altenbourg  were  not  responsible 
for  their  ex-pupils'  conversational  exploits. 
The  English  in  which  the  book  is  written 
is  decidedly  slipshod,  and  the  whole  is 
ill  arranged  and  involved.  Some  of  tho 
domestic  scenes  in  the  old  Swiss  town  are- 
pretty  and  lifelike ;  the  same  can  scarcely 
be  said  for  the  feudal  lair  of  the  Austrian 
counts  and  the  heroine's  experiences  there. 

Merlin :    a   Piratical  Lore   Stud//.      By  Mr. 

M .     (Beeman.) 

For  lovers  of  adventuro  who  are  not  par- 
ticular as  to  tho  form  in  which  it  is  con- 
voyed to  thorn,  '  Merlin '  will  provide  an 
entrancing  hour.  There  is  a  variety  and 
ingenuity  in  tho  oxporionces  which  befall 
Mr.  Smith  and  a  lady,  during  their  flight  in 
a  canoe  across   tho  ocean,  well   calculated 


82 


Til  E     AT  II  KN'.K  I.:  M 


X  3612,  .Ian.  Hi.  »9? 


to  take  the  reader'a  breath  away.     As  for 

the  "  lovo  study,"  that  Bido  of  tho  Btorj 
resembles  rather  tho  ravings  of  delirium 
than  any  connected  romance.  This  is  no 
doubt  intentional,  ainoe  Merlin,  alius  Mr. 
Smith,  whether  millionaire,  pauper,  pirate, 
adventurer,  or  meohanioal  gonius  (and  it  is 
difficult  to  classify  him),  is  certainly  mad. 
And  his  madness  would  be  permissible, 
even  interesting,  were  his  frenzies  expressed 
in  bettor  and  less  inflated  English.  In  this 
particular  tho  narrator  and  heroine  of  the 
tale  is,  unfortunately,  his  equal.  Indeed, 
her  vanity  and  egotism  go  far  to  spoil  the 
effect  at  some  of  the  most  thrilling  points 
in  their  adventures,  when  the  action  is 
arrested  to  make  way  for  her  own  unlikely 

emotions.     Mr.  M has   undoubtedly   a 

vivid  imagination  and  an  intimate  know- 
ledge of  those  enchanted  Southern  seas ; 
besides  which  he  is  an  authority  upon  ships. 
Had  he  confined  himself  to  these  matters, 
and  omitted  the  melodrama  on  land,  his 
book  would  have  had  greater  merits. 


JOHNSONIANA. 

Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets.  A  New  Edition, 
with  Notes  and  Introduction  by  Arthur  YVaugh. 
Vols.  III.-VI.  (Kegan  Paul  &  Co.)— When 
this  edition  originally  made  its  appearance,  we 
reviewed  its  first  and  second  volumes  at  length. 
All  we  have  now  to  do  is  to  announce  its  com- 
pletion. The  sixth  and  last  volume  has  a  "note 
on  the  portraits,"  which  was  much  needed,  and 
an  excellent  index.  Mr.  Waugh  seems  to  have 
adopted  one  of  our  suggestions,  in  so  far  as  he 
has  moderated  the  zeal  of  his  notes  without 
curtailing  their  usefulness.  To  certain  of  the 
obscurer  authors  his  annotations  supply  matter 
of  positive  bibliographical  novelty.  The  ex- 
tremely rare  1714  edition  of  Oldisworth's  'Life 
of  Edmund  Smith '  has  probably  never  before 
been  collated  with  Johnson's  account,  and  the 
notes  to  Congreve  are  luminous.  In  writing  of 
Prior  and  Gay,  Mr.  Waugh  adopts  the  latest 
discoveries  of  Mr.  Austin  Dobson  and  others. 
We  notice  a  bad  misprint  in  the  sixth  of  Pope's 
Epitaphs.  This  edition  is,  however,  a  highly 
creditable  performance,  and  it  is  not  too  much 
to  say  that  it  presents  the  most  useful  as  well 
as  the  most  agreeable  form  in  which  Johnson's 
?  Lives  of  the  Poets  '  now  lies  upon  the  market. 

Boswell's  Life  of  Johnson.     Edited  by  Augus- 
tine Birrell.     6  vols.     (Constable  &  Co.)— This 
also  is  a  pretty  book,  light  to  handle,  clear  to 
read,  bound  in  scarlet  and  gold,  with  an   un- 
usually happy  design  upon  the  back.     But  from 
the  editorial  point  of  view  there  is  little  to  be 
said  for  it.     Mr.  Birrell's  idea  of  editing  a  book 
is  to  write  a  short  entertaining   essay  and  let 
the  text  take  care  of  itself.    It  is  to  be  feared  that 
this  agreeable  essayist  is  too  deeply  occupied 
with   his  other  numerous  avocations  to  bestow 
much  thought  on  his  literary  undertakings.     If 
he  had  had  time  to  read  his  proofs,  would  he 
have  opened  his  essay  by  the  cryptic  remark 
that   "Carlyle  observed  in  that  manner  of  his 
which  has  now  become  part  of  our  incorporate 
existence  "  1     There   are  too  many  instances   of 
similar  carelessness  in  writing.     We  know  not 
what  there  is  in  Mr.  Birrell's  lazy,  happy-go- 
lucky  attitude   to  literature   which  annoys  us. 
He  confesses  that  he  has  no  appetite  for  any 
serious  form  of  study  or  research,  and  yet  he 
pushes  in  to  do  the  very  work  which  requires 
the  labour  of  the   scholar.      He  should  go  on 
writing  his  pleasant  little  essays,  and  leave  the 
English  classics  alone.     His  notes  are  extremely 
few,  and  add  little  or  nothing  to  the  usefulness 
of  the  text.     But  although  Mr.  Birrell  might 
have  been  better  occupied  elsewhere,  his  pub- 
lishers have  produced  a  really  pretty  and  handy 
edition  of  Boswell's  'Life.' 


il    ll    llihl:\n  UK. 
OPUfXOHa   will    vary  as  to   the   taste  of  a  work 
like    Margaret    Oguvy,  l>y    Mr.    J.    M.    li.irrie 
(Hodder  a    Stoughton),    which   deals   without 

scruple    with    relations    so   intimate  and   tender 
as     those     between     a     mother    and    her    son; 
but    there    is    no    doubt  that,    if    so    delicate  a 
task   should    ever  be   publicly  undertaken,  Mr. 
Bailie's    treatment    of    it    is     marked    by    that 
appreciation  of    wise  simplicity   and    that    sym- 
pathetic   grasp  of  domestic  details  which  have 
distinguished  the  series  of  books  he  has  devoted 
to  the  setting  forth  of  the  humours  and  virtues  of 
his  humbler  countrymen.     This  book  has  much 
of  the  charm  of  its  predecessors,  and   has  the 
added  virtue  of  being  entirely  and  obviously  a 
sincere  study  from  the  life.     The  motives  which 
have  urged  him  to  a  task  at  first  sight  so  incon- 
sistent with  the  reticence  in  matters  of  feeling 
which  is  at  least  as  salient  a  characteristic  of  his 
countrymen  as  their  essential  tenderness  appear 
to   be  various :    first,    a    praiseworthy  zeal    for 
the  due  recording  of  a  character  which  seems 
singular    in    its    combination    of     shrewdness, 
mirthfulness,  and  piety  ;   next,  the  acknowledg- 
ment  of  a   debt   to   one  who  was  at  once  his 
stimulus  and    his   model ;    thirdly,    perhaps,    a 
desire  for  the  commemoration  of  a  distinctively 
Scottish  virtue,  which  to  some  extent  is  suffer- 
ing eclipse  from  the  modern  tendency  to  pub- 
licity  and   gregariousness   in    the    life   of    the 
craftsman  : — 


"With  so  many  of  the  family,  young  mothers 
among  them,  working  in  the  factories,  home  life  is 
not  so  beautiful  as  it  was.  8o  much  of  what  is  great 
in  Scotland  has  sprung  from  the  closeness  of  the 
family  ties  ;  it  is  there  I  sometimes  fear  my  country 
is  being  struck." 

Certainly   this    memoir   of   the   gentle   peasant 
woman    Margaret    Ogilvy    (Mr.    Barrie    sticks 
to    the     old     Scots     style     in     retaining     his 
mother's  maiden  name),  whose  counterfeit  pre- 
sentment looks  demurely  at  us  from  the  frontis- 
piece,  from  the  days  when    the    little    girl    of 
six  in  a  pinafore  carried  her  mason  father  his 
dinner  in  a  "flagon"  to  those  last  ones  when, 
with  the  old  christening  robe  in  view,  she  passed 
away  in  the  ripeness  of  old  age,  is  eloquent  of 
family   love   and    filial   devotion    and    respect. 
Even  a  more  interesting  figure  is  that  of  the 
pious     daughter     who     predeceased     by     only 
three    days     the    mother    to    whom    she    had 
consecrated    her   life   and   strength.       To    his 
mother  it  is  clear  Mr.   Barrie   owed  not  only 
inspiration,   but  information  and  correction  in 
producing  the  marvellous  miniatures  of  cottage 
life  which  have  made  his  genius  known.     Her 
aspirations  and  fears  for  him,  her  dread  of  the 
seductions  of   town    life,    her    fierce    maternal 
jealousy  of  the  greater  fame  of  Stevenson  (whose 
works  she  averred  were  worthless  until  she  was 
detected  reading  them  in  secret),  her  conviction 
that   "those  weary  books"  were   undermining 
her  son's  health,  and  her  alternations  of  intense 
pride   in   his   achievements,    make   up    a   very 
pleasant  picture  of  devoted  motherhood.     Yet 
it   is  notable  that   her   influence   in   a  literary 
sense  was  not  that  of  hereditary  culture— it  was 
her  tenacious  memory,  her  intuition  of  character, 
that  rendered  her  more  inspiring  than  many  an 
instructed  authority.     Without  these  gifts  her 
faculty   of   rapid    reading   (though    "  with    ten 
minutes  to  spare  before  the  starch  was  ready 
she  would  begin  the    '  Decline  and   Fall ' — and 
finish  it,  too,  that  winter")  would   have   little 
availed  the  future  novelist.      Incidental  scenes 
of  family  life  give  scope  at  times  to  humour  of 
the   usual   flavour.      When   our  author   is   en- 
trusted, like  the  henpecked  "goodman"  in  the 
old  song,  with  the  housework  of  the  day,  and 
distinguishes  himself  by  polishing  the   kitchen 
grate  with  one  of  the  new  table-napkins,   the 
duologue  between  mother  and  sister  is  charac- 
teristic : — 

" '  Woe 's  me  1  that  is  what  comes  of  his  not  letting 
me  budge  from  this  room.  O,  it  is  a  watery  Sabbath 
when  men  take  to  doing  women's  work  1'  'It 
defies  the  face  of  day,    mother,  to  fathom  what 


makei  bfm    to  leneeless.'     '  Obj  it's   that  weary 

v  tiling. '  " 

•  domestic  critics,  however,  were  proud  of 
their  hero,  and  soon  became  more  appreciative 
than  the  "devout  lady"  who,  when  asked  how 
she  was  getting  on  with  one  of  Mr.  Barries 
books,  replied  :  — 

"Sal,   it's  dreary,  weary,  uphill   work,    but    1    I 
wrestled  through  with  tougher  jobs  in  my  time, and, 

!.  I  II  wrestle  through  with  this  on 
Into  the  more  sacred  penetralia  of  this  remark- 
able piece  of  family  history  we  forbear  to  follow 
the  biographer. 

The   Romance   «f   a   King's    Life,   by  J.   J. 
Jusserand,     translated     from     the    French    by 
M.    R.,    revised    and    enlarged    by    the   author 
(Fisher    Unwin),    has   a    fitting    frontispiece    in 
Pinturicchio's  picture  of  ^Eneas  Sylvius  before 
King  James  I.     The  background,  meant  to  re- 
present Scotland,  is  far  too  beautiful  for  that 
country   as  seen    by   telescope    from   Paris — a 
desperate    land    of    boundless    moor,    songless 
except  for  the  cawing  of  crows,  with  its  houses 
built   of    irregular    stone   without   mortar  and 
roofed   with    heather,    a    land,    indeed,    where 
heather  is  the  great  friend,  without  which  human 
life  would   cease.     Besides   heather,   there  was 
but  one  friend,  "  one  single  ally,  distant  France. " 
M.  Jusserand  himself  is  the  pleasantest  of  proofs 
that  distant  France  has  not  yet  ceased  to  furnish 
allies  to  a  Stuart  king.     It  was  kind  of  him  to 
relieve   his   sombre   Scottish   landscape  with  a 
quotation  from  Bartholomew  Anglicus,  who  was 
complimentary  enough  to  think  that  the  people 
were  extremely  handsome  in  body  and  visage, 
though  they  did  wear  a  garb  that  did  not  set 
them  off  to  advantage.     There  is,  notwithstand- 
ing, some  geographical  injustice  in  shifting  the 
Highland  border-line  about  fifty  miles  too  far 
north    and    deporting    the   Wall   of    Antonine 
bodily  into  North  England.     The  substance  of 
this   sketch   of   the   energetic   career   of    King 
James  is  a  paraphrase  of  the   '  Kingis  Quair  ' 
combined  with   an    account   of   the   mission  of 
Regnault  Girard  to  Scotland  in  1435-1436  for 
the   purpose   of    taking    back    to    France    the 
Princess      Margaret,     who     was     to     become 
Dauphiness.     The  sober  student  who  has  read 
the  admirable  article  which  M.  Jusserand  con- 
tributed some  time  ago  to  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury  will  greatly  regret  that  he  did  not  transcribe 
much  more  of  the  text  of  the  Parisian  MS.  on 
Girard's  mission  for  the  present  booklet,  which, 
though  bright  and  eloquent,  is  somewhat  lacking 
in  substance.  Half  idyl,  half  tragedy,  James's  life 
was  too  eventful  to  compass  within  a  hundred  very 
small  pages  and  not  be  inadequate  in  every  aspect. 
The  protracted  correspondence  in  our  columns 
last   summer    naturally    left   some   expectancy 
when  it  closed  with  the  announcement  that  the 
forthcoming  translation  of  '  Le  Roman  d'un  Roi 
d'Ecosse '  would  contain  a  definite  deliverance 
on  the  vexed  question  of  King  James  as  author. 
It  is  therefore  not  without  surprise  that  we  read 
in  the  appendix  a  mere  reference  to  that  corre- 
spondence,  repeating    the    author's    view   that 
Mr.  J.   T.  T.   Brown's  negative  thesis,  though 
very  cleverly  maintained,    is   untenable.     Dif- 
ferences between  French  and  English,  however, 
show  a  frank  recognition  that  some  things  have 
happened  since  1895.     Alterations  in  detail  are 
made   full  of   quiet    significance.     The  French 
book    contained    many    allusions    to    Windsor, 
which    in    1895    was    the    accepted    scene     of 
the  romance  of   James.     In  English  these  dis- 
appear :     for     "  le    poete    de    Windsor"    the 
translation     has     "the    poet    of  the    'Kingis 
Quair.'  "    The   revised   list  of  James's  prisons 
also   illustrates    the   change.    His   capture   the 
French  original  assigned  to  April  12th,   1405  ; 
so  does  the  English  version  ;   but  the  French 
stated  that  previously  Hotspur's  son  had  been 
a    playfellow  of    the   prince   at    St.    Andrews. 
This  the  translator  drops,  no  doubt  because  of 
the  awkward  bearing  of  the  known  fact    that 
Percy  arrived  in  Scotland  in  June,  1405.    As  re- 
gards the  year  of  capture  M.  Jusserand  appears  to 


N°  3612,  Jan.  16,  ?97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


83 


be  making  a  futile  though  gallant  stand  against 
the  best  chronological  authority.  Exception 
must  assuredly  be  taken  also  to  his  ranking 
John  Major  as  the  best  informed  of  the  old 
historians  of  Scotland.  Certainly  his  being  a 
first-rate  witness  against  Mr.  Brown  is  enough 
to  merit  the  tribute  of  M.  Jusserand's 
admiration,  but  with  the  dispassionate  critic 
that  will  scarcely  be  enough.  Considered  in 
its  application  to  him  as  historian,  Buchanan's 
cruel  epigram — solo  cognomine  Major— was  not 
so  very  far  from  the  truth  about  his  former 
master,  who,  he  said  too  sweepingly,  had  not  a 
sound  page  in  a  whole  book.  The  question 
whether  or  not  there  was  peace  at  the  time  of 
James's  capture  is  in  a  measure  involved  in  the 
dispute  about  the  date.  There  might,  if  not 
with  material  profit,  at  any  rate  without 
irrelevance,  have  been  cited  the  odd  French 
tale  that  King  Henry  IV.,  in  spite  of  a  special 
safe-conduct  granted,  detained  the  prince  after 
his  father  King  Robert's  death,  on  the  ground 
that  the  safe-conduct  was  in  the  name  not  of  the 
King  of  Scotland,  but  of  the  King  of  Scotland's 
son  !  This  subterfuge  of  state,  though  not 
historic,  was  worthy  enough  of  the  crafty 
Bolingbroke.  A  line  might  have  been  spared 
to  show  that  King  James's  daughter  narrowly 
escaped  in  1436  a  repetition  of  her  father's 
experience  of  capture  by  English  ships.  They 
lay  in  wait  in  the  Channel  to  intercept  her 
convoy  off  the  "Rase  de  la  Bretaign "  (the 
"  raiss"  of  Brittany  named  in  Barbour's 'Bruce'), 
but  the  princess,  defying  for  once  the  ill  luck 
of  her  house,  completed  her  voyage.  In  the 
poetical-prose  rendering  of  the  '  Kingis  Quair  ' 
is  plainly  to  be  found  the  reason  why  the 
author  elected  not  to  discuss  at  length  within 
the  same  covers  the  problem  of  authorship. 
Rhetorical  periods,  graceful  in  themselves,  can 
ill  brook  to  be  punctuated  with  the  deadly  com- 
ment of  a  doubt.  Probably  it  was  wiser  to 
leave  the  reader  to  wrestle  with  it  for  himself 
with  such  valuable  antecedent  aids  as  our  own 
columns  have  furnished,  and  in  the  hope  that 
some  day  soon  a  decisive  grammarian  may 
arrive. 


OUR   LIBRARY   TABLE. 

The  lives  of  eccentric  noblemen  have  for 
some  time  been  a  favourite  subject  with  Mr. 
J.  R.  Robinson,  who  must  have  found  the 
task  of  writing  on  Philip,  Duke  of  Wharton, 
1608-1731  (Sampson  Low  &  Co.),  congenial. 
No  biography  of  this  strange  individual  has 
appeared  since  the  brief  memoir  published 
shortly  after  his  death.  There  is,  in  fact, 
nothing  of  much  importance  to  be  told  of  this 
brief  record  of  folly  and  vice.  Owing  to  the 
services  of  his  father,  Thomas,  Marquis  of 
Wharton,  the  reputed  author  of  'Lillibullero,' 
the  future  duke's  career  began  under  favourable 
auspices.  The  highest  rank  in  the  peerage  was 
conferred  on  him  while  still  under  age,  and 
before  he  had  been  able  to  render  any  services 
deserving  such  an  honour.  He  was  said,  how- 
ever, to  be  an  orator,  and  this  reputation  is  to 
some  extent  confirmed  by  the  published  version 
of  his  speech  in  the  House  of  Lords  during 
the  debate  on  Atterbury's  attainder.  With  the 
prestige  of  his  rank,  and  with  the  advantages 
which  ho  possessed  for  public  life,  Wharton 
might  have  been  highly  distinguished  in  par- 
liamentary life  ;  but  the  career  of  an  English 
statesman  was  not  suited  to  his  reckless  cha- 
racter. He  soon  plunged  into  a  life  of  profligacy, 
became  President  of  the  Hell  Fire  Club,  and 
in  his  more  serious  moments  wrote  bitter 
attacks  in  Mist's  Journal  on  the  king  and 
Walpole.  This,  however,  did  not  satisfy  his 
craving  for  notoriety,  and  after  running  through 
the  greater  part  of  his  fortune,  he  went  to  the 
Continent  to  offer  his  services  to  the  Pretender. 
To  show  that  ho  was  really  in  earnest,  ho  joined 
the  Spanish  army  as  a  volunteer,  and  served 
against     his    own     countrymen    at    the    siege 


of  Gibraltar.  Notwithstanding  this  outrageous 
conduct,  he  was  treated  with  great  lenity  by  the 
English  Government,  and  it  was  intimated  to 
him  that  if  he  sued  for  the  royal  clemency,  he 
might  still  hope  for  forgiveness.  Nothing,  how- 
ever, could  persuade  him  to  abandon  his  mad 
projects,  which  constantly  involved  him  in  debts 
and  difficulties.  It  was  at  one  time  even  reported 
that  he  was  obliged  to  earn  his  livelihood  by  keep- 
ing a  school  at  Rouen,  where  his  friend  Mist 
was  supporting  himself  by  driving  a  hackney 
coach.  Ill  health  was  before  long  added  to 
Wharton's  other  troubles,  and  on  May  31st, 
1731,  he  died  in  his  thirty-third  year,  without 
a  friend  by  his  side,  at  a  Benedictine  monastery 
in  Catalonia.  Mr.  Robinson  has  shown  conspicu- 
ous industry  in  searching  for  information  for  his 
work,  but  it  must  have  been  rather  a  hopeless 
task.  The  one  romantic  episode  in  Wharton's 
life  was  his  marriage  at  Madrid.  He  had  fallen 
in  love  with  a  maid  of  honour  at  the  Spanish 
Court,  but  for  some  time  he  could  not  obtain 
permission  to  make  her  his  wife,  and  he  showed 
such  deep  sorrow  at  his  disappointment  that 
the  queen  at  last  relented  and  gave  her  consent 
to  the  marriage.  It  was  not,  however,  a  happy 
one,  and  Wharton,  after  neglecting  his  wife 
for  a  few  years,  left  her  a  widow  in  the  most 
abject  poverty.  Mr.  Robinson  writes  that  after 
Wharton's  death  the  duchess  came  to  London, 
"for  what  purpose  it  is  difficult  to  say." 
Her  object  was,  of  course,  to  obtain  a  portion 
of  her  husband's  property.  Apparently  she 
was  not  successful,  and  if  the  newspapers  of 
that  day  are  to  be  trusted,  the  estate  forfeited 
by  the  duke's  attainder  was  restored  by  the  king 
to  his  two  sisters.  Mr.  Robinson  has  managed  to 
produce  a  fairly  readable  volume,  and  in  his 
own  peculiar  style  he  has  enlivened  it  with 
many  allusions  to  Wharton's  distinguished  con- 
temporaries. 

Mr.  Craik  has  brought  his  English  Prose 
Selections  (Macmillan)  to  a  close  with  a  fifth 
volume  of  extracts  from  writers  of  the  present 
century.  The  selections  are  very  well  chosen, 
and  include  writers  so  recently  dead  as  Steven- 
son and  Pater.  The  introductions  to  the  authors 
are  luminous,  considering  their  brevity,  and 
many  of  them  (such  as  Mr.  Beeching's  on  New- 
man and  Prof.  Raleigh's  on  Stevenson)  distinctly 
felicitous.  It  is  surprising  to  read  that  Dickens 
has  "  left  behind  him  no  special  congregation  of 
admirers,"  and  Froude  (in  spite  of  Mr.  Dodds) 
is  certainly  "a  master  of  style"  in  the  best 
sense.  A  proper  sense  of  proportion  in  such  a 
book  is  difficult  to  realize,  but  Beaconsfield  ought 
certainly  not  to  have  more  space  allotted  to  him 
than  Thackeray  and  Lamb,  and  twice  as  much 
as  Froude  and  Stevenson  !  The  admirable  if 
unequal  Hazlitt  deserves  to  furnish  more  select 
English  prose  than  the  stilted  Milman  or 
Harriet  Martineau. 

The  Niigcc,  Litterarice  of  Mr.  William 
Mathews  (Sampson  Low  &  Co.)  are  exceed- 
ingly well  intentioned,  but  essentially  common- 
place. A  writer  who  talks  of  "  Rome's 
charming  lyrist,  Horace,"  was  evidently  well 
fitted  to  be  "librarian  of  the  Young  Men's 
Library  Association  in  Chicago,  some  thirty 
years  ago,"  but  he  need  not  have  printed  a 
volume  of  nearly  350  pages  on  '  The  Credulity 
of  Scepticism,'  'The  Pleasures  of  the  Table,' 
'  Revivals  of  Religion,'  and  other  novel  topics. 

Messrs.  Putnam's  Sons  publish  a  handsome 
volume  by  Dr.  Keasbey,  The  Nicaragua  Canal 
and  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  which  is  really  a 
history  of  the  Clayton  -  Bulwer  Treaty  and 
an  American  view  of  its  present  position.  The 
surrender  to  the  United  States  with  regard  to 
Venezuela  is  a  sign  that  we  are  now  far  from 
the  days  when  Liberal  and  Conservative  Govern- 
ments alike— Lord  Granville,  Mr.  Gladstone, 
and  Sir   William   Harcourt  as  strongly  as  Lord 

Salisbury — repudiated  the  intervention  of  the 

States  in  the  affairs  of  Central  and  South  Ame- 
rica.    The  author  of  the  work  before  us  elabo- 


rately defends  the  somewhat  Punic  position 
that  the  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty  should  be  let 
alone  by  the  United  States  for  the  present,  with 
the  certainty  that  when  the  time  comes  for 
action  on  the  completion  of  the  canal  it  can  be 
denounced  with  impunity ;  and  his  conclusion  is 
that  "the  United  States,  by  constructing  the 
Nicaragua  Canal,  and  by  establishing  their 
prestige  along  the  course  of  the  westerly  route, 
may,  despite  the  present  integrity  of  the 
Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty,  well  hope  to  force  the 
ultimate  recognition  of  their  Monroe  doctrine 
and  control  the  western  gateway  to  the  Pacific." 

There  is  no  sufficient  ground  for  the  appear- 
ance of  Alexis  de  Tocqxieville  et  la  Democratic 
Liberate,  a  study  from  the  pen  of  M.  Eugene 
d'Eichthal,  published  by  M.  Calmann  Levy. 
The  book  is  partly  made  up  out  of  works  of 
Tocqueville  which  are  easily  accessible  to  the 
reader,  and  mainly  out  of  the  conversations 
with  Nassau  Senior.  The  manner  in  which 
the  extracts  are  strung  together,  and  the  notes, 
are  both  of  them  fair  and  intelligent ;  but  the 
whole  volume  does  not  add  to  our  knowledge 
of  Tocqueville,  and  there  is  no  original  matter 
in  it  except  a  few  extracts  from  a  not  particularly 
important  series  of  letters  which  has  not  yet 
seen  the  light,  and  which  the  author  has, 
apparently,  not  been  allowed  to  use  except  to 
a  very  limited  extent. 

Under  the  title  of  L'Enferme,  M.  Gustave 
Geoffroy  has'  written  a  volume,  published  by 
the  Bibliotheque  Charpentier,  which  forms  a 
life  of  the  well-known  revolutionist  Blanqui. 

Jack  is  the  last  addition  to  Mrs.  (?)  Ensor's 
translations  of  Daudet's  novels  published  by 
Messrs.  J.  M.  Dent  &  Co.  This  edition,  which 
fills  two  volumes,  has  Myrbach's  illustrations. 

A  second  edition  has  appeared  of  Ferdinand 
Lotheissen's  excellent  Geschichte  derfranzosischen 
Litteratur  im  XVII.  Jahrhundert  (Vienna, 
Gerold's  Sohn),  a  work  well  known  as  a  most 
conscientious  and  trustworthy  handbook  to  the 
Augustan  age  of  French  literature.  A  brief 
biography  accompanies  this  reprint,  from  which 
we  learn  that  Lotheissen's  father  was  a  judge 
in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  that  the  future  bio- 
grapher of  Moliere  acquired  a  taste  for  the  stage 
by  attending  the  performances  in  the  grand- 
ducal  theatre  of  his  native  town. 

The  "Gadshill"  edition  of  Dickens's  works 
of  course  begins  with  the  Pickwick  Papers,  and 
reflects  credit  on  Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall. 
The  type  is  excellent,  the  paper  good,  the  illus- 
trations are  the  original  ones.  Mr.  Lang's 
introduction  is  piquant  and  shrewd,  but  perhaps 
the  allusions  to  Sir  Walter  are  a  little  too 
numerous,  and  the  same  pleasant  writer's  notes 
are  worth  looking  at.  Altogether  in  these  two 
volumes  this  new  edition  has  made  an  excellent 
start. 

Burke's  Peerage,  Baronetage,  and  Knightage 
(Harrison)  is  once  more  on  our  table.  Sir 
Bernard's  son  is  now  the  editor  of  this  standard 
work.  We  hope  it  will  prosper  under  his 
supervision  as  it  did  under  his  father's.  The 
part  relating  to  the  present  century  is  admir- 
able. Some  of  the  genealogies  are  in  need  of 
the  new  broom's  attention. 

An  old  friend  has  revisited  us  this  season 
in  the  shape  of  Oliver  <(•  Boyd's  Edinburgh 
Almanac  (Simpkin  &  Marshall;,  one  of  the  best 
books  of  the  kind  published  anywhere.  It  does 
credit  to  the  old-established  firm  whose  name  it 
bears.  —  The  British  Imperial  Calendar  (War- 
rington &  Co.)— it  used  to  be  called  "Royal" 
—  is  another  representative  of  the  old  school  of 
almanacs  which  deserves  favourable  notice. — 
Mr.  Howe's  Classified  Directory  to  (he  Metro- 
politan Charities  (Longmans  &  Co.),  an  excel- 
lent compilation,  has  reached  its  twenty  second 
year.— 2ne  Baptist  Handbook  for  1891  (Veale, 
Chifferiel  &  Co.)  is  another  well-compiled  annual. 
We  cannot  say  much  for  the  architectural  merits 
of  the  new  chapels  of  which  views  are  given. 
Only  one  or  two  appear  to  be  successful. 


8i 


Til  E     A  Til  KN^EUM 


N°3012,  Jan.  16,  '97 


W  ■  have  (jii  diir    table  Australian    JVriten, 
by  J.   F.  Desmond    Byrne  (Bentley), — Nui>o- 
leon's  Opera-Glass,  <tn  Histrionic  Study,  by  Low 
Rosen  (Mathews),     Tht  Story  of  Extinct  Civili- 
ns  of  the  East,  by  EL  E.  Anderson  (Nswnes), 
— The  H'risli  I. unit  Commission:  a  Digest  <>f  its 
Report,   by   D.    Lleufer  Thomas  (Whittaker  & 
Co.),— Stories  from   WaveHey  fa*   Children,  by 
H.  Gassiot,  .Second  Series  (Black), —  The  World 
Beautiful,    by    Lilian    Whiting,   Second    Series 
(Low),— A    Mixed  World,  by   A.  Pohl  (Stock), 
—  The  American  Heiress,  by  the  Princess  deBourg 
<Digby  &  Long),-  Belial's  Burdens,  by  J.  F.  Sul- 
livan (Dent), — Quo   Vadis,  by   H.  Sienkiewicz, 
translated  from   the  Polish  by  J.  Curtin  (Dent), 
— Bhymes  from  a  Rhyming  Forge,   by  Evanus 
the  Song  Smith  (Birmingham,  Cornish  Brothers), 
— A  Lover's  Breast-Knot,  by  Katharine  Tynan 
(Mathews), — Echoes    from    the    Mountain,    by 
C.  E.  D.  Phelps  (Putnam), — The  Supremacy  and 
Sufficiency  of  Jesus  Christ,  by  Ignotus  (Black- 
wood),— The  Gospel  for    an    Age   of  Doubt,  by 
Henry  Van  Dyke  ( Macmillan), — and  Laureates 
of  the  Ci'oss,  Six  Sermons,  by  the  Rev.  Aubrey 
N.   St.   John  Mildmay   (Stock).     Among   New 
Editions  we   have   A    History    of  Nottingham- 
shire, by  C.   Brown  (Stock), — The  Invasion  of 
India   by   Alexander  the  Great,  with  an  Intro- 
duction    by    J.    W.   M'Crindle    (Constable), — 
Fancy  Dresses  Described,   by  A.   Holt    (Deben- 
ham   &    Freebody), — Le  Probleme  de  la    Mort, 
by  L.  Bourdeau  (Paris,  Alcan), — and  There  was 
<swice  a  Prince,  by  Mary  E.  Mann  (Henry). 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

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Headings  for  Lent,  cr.  8vo.  4/6  cl. 
Gibson's  (E.  C.  S.)  The  Thirty-nine  Articles  of  the  Church 

of  England,  Vol.  2,  8vo  7/6  cl. 
Hort's  (F.  J.  A.)  Village  Sermons,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Johnson,  Wm.  and  Lucy,  Missionary  Life  of,  Faithful  unto 

Death,  edited  by  P.  Doncaster,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Mantle's  (J.  G.  i  Better  Things,  a  Series  of  Bible  Readings  on 

the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Our  Christian  Year,  Lessons  for  Elder  Scholars,  by  a  Teacher, 

cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Pulpit  Commentary  :  Vol.  1.  Genesis,  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Sacred  Books  of  East. :  Vol.  42,  Hymns  of  the  Atharva-Veda, 
translated  by  M.  Bloomfield,  8vo.  21/  cl.  ;  Vol  46,  Vedic 
Hymns,  translated  by  H.  Oldenberg,  Part  2,  8vo.  14/  cl. 
Young's  (Kev.  W.  H.)  How  to  Preach  with  Power,  6/  cl. 

Fine  Art  and  Archceology . 
Bax's  (P.  B.  I  )  The  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Asaph,  5/  net. 
Colls's  (W.   L.)   Pictorial    Photographs,  a    Record    of   the 

Photographic  Salon  of  1896.  63/  net. 
Descriptive    Catalogue    of     the   Maiolica    and    Enamelled 

Earthenware  of  Italy  in  Ashmolean  Museum,  10/6  net. 
Du  Maurier's  (G.)  English  Society,  4to.  12/6  cl. 
Gardner's  (E  A)  A  Handbook  of  Greek  Sculpture,  Part  2, 

cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Sparkes  (J.  C.  L.)  and  Gandy's  (W.)  Potters,  their  Arts  and 

Crafts,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Tarbett'a  (P.  B.)  A  History  of  Greek  Art,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Gilbert's  (W.  S.)  Original  Comic  Operas,  Second  Series,  2/6 
Ibsen's  (H.)  John  Gabriel  Borkman,  a  Play  in  Four  Acts, 

translated  by  W.  Archer,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Watch  Song  of  Heabane  the  Witness,  a  Poem,  10/6  cl. 

Bibliography. 
Putnam's    (G.   H.)    Books    and    their  Makers  during  the 
Middle  Ages,  Vol.  2,  8vo.  10/6  cl. 

Political  Economy. 
Higgs's  (II.)  The  Physiocrats,  Six  Lectures  on  the  French 
Economists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net. 
Leevy's  (E.)  Scheme  for  Regulation  of  the  Output  of  Coal, 
8vo.  2/  swd. 

History  and  liiography. 
bonder's  (Lieut.-Col.  C.  R.)  The  Latin   Kingdom  of  Jeru- 
salem, 1099-1291,  cr.  8vo   7/6  net. 
Gibbon,    Edward,    Unpublished   Works   of:   Vol.    1.   Auto- 
biographies, ed.  by  J.  Murray,  8vo.  12,'  cl.;  Vols.  2  and  3, 
Private  Letters,  edited  by  R.  E.  Prothero.  8vo.  24/  cl 
ilazlitt's  (W.  C.)   Four  Generations  of  a  Literary  Family 

1725-1896,  2  vols.  8vo.  31/6  net. 
Hunter's  (Sir  W.  W.)  The  Thackerays  in  India,  royal  16mo. 

2/6  net. 
Wheeler's  (W.  H.)  History  of  the  Fens  of  South  Lincoln- 
shire, 8vo.  21/  net. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
-Harper's  (A.  P.)  Pioneer  Work  in  the  Alps  of  New  Zealand, 

8vo.  21/  net ;  Edition  de  Luxe,  105/  net. 
Jleawood's  (E  )  Geography  of  Africa,  I3mo.  2/6  cl. 
Kingsley's  (M.  H.)  Travel's  in  West  Africa,  4c.  8vo.  21/  net. 

Philology. 
Moliere's   L'Avare.     edited,     with     Introduction,    &c  ,    by 

E.  G.  W.  Braunholtz.  12mo.  2/6  cl. 
Spicer's  (E.  M.)  Useful  Extracts  of  Kvery-day  French,  2/cl. 

Science. 
Cornish's  (V.)  Short  Studies  in  Physical  Science,  Mineraloev 

4c,  or.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Holt's  (L.  E.)    The    Diseases   of    Infancy  and   Childhood, 
royal  8vo.  25/  net. 


KIrbr't(W.  F.)  Handbook  t-  tbe  Order  Lepldoptera  i  Viol. 3. 

Hwtterllies  and  Moths,  Part  1,  6/  cl.   (Aliens  Naturalist's 
Library  ) 
Ljuagdon'l  (W.  1C.)  The  Application  of  Electricity  to  Railway 

Working,  Svn.  10/Bcl. 
lt.u  rn  s  (Kev.  J.J.)  Mathematics  Made  Easy,  cr   8vo.  2/  cl. 
Tubeuf'a  (Dr.  K.  Preiherr  von)  Diseases  of  Plants  induced  by 

CryptoKa,n,c  Parasites,  royal  8vo.  18    | 
Walker's  (J.  H.)  Book  for  Every  Woman  i  Part  2.  Woman  in 

Health  and  Out  of  Health,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Weilbacb  (Dr.  J  )  and   Hermann's  (Prof.)  The  Mechanics  of 

Pumping   Machinery,  trans.  K.  P.  Dahlstrom,  1316  net. 
Willis's  (J.  C.)  Manual   and   Dictionary  of  the   Flowering 

Plants  and  Ferns,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  10,6  cl. 
General  Literature. 
Benson's  (E.  F.)  The  Babe  B.A.,   Uneventful  History  of  a 

Young  Gentleman  at  Cambridge,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Burroughs's  (J.)  A  Year  in  the  Fields,  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
Davidson's  (J.)  Ninian  Jamieson  and  a  Practical  Novelist,  3/6 
Dawkiu's  (G.  H.)  Present-Day  Sires  and  the  Figure  System, 

160  Pedigrees  of  Horses,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
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Westall's  (W.)  With  the  Red  Eagle,  an  Historical  Romance, 

cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 
Analecta  Hymnica  Medii  JEvi :  Historian  Rhythmical,  Part  4, 

9m. 
Concilium  Basiliense:  Vol.  2,  Die  Protokolle  'des   Concils 

1431-1433,  24m. 
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zur   Geschichte   der  altchristlichen  Literatur,  Vol.  10, 

Part  5,  6m.  50. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 
Daudet  (A.)  :  Le  Tresor  d'Arlatan,  3fr.  50. 
Handbuch  der  klassischen  Altertums- Wissenschaft :    Atlas 

to  Vol.  6,  Archaologie  der  Kunst,  by  K   Sittl,  13m.  50. 
Liotard  (J.  6.),  La  Vie  et  le3  ffiuvres  de,  lOfr. 
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Poetry. 
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Wiilker  (R.  P ) :    Bibliothek    der   angelsaohsischen  Poesie, 
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History  and  Biography . 
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PROF.  MASPERO'S  'STRUGGLE  OF  THE  NATIONS.' 
Mr.  McClure  does  not,  I  am  glad  to  see, 
dispute  the  facts  of  my  allegation,  though  he 
not  unnaturally  seeks  to  minimize  their  im- 
portance. It  is  not  difficult  to  show  that  his 
excuses  are  inadequate. 

1.  I  made  no  assumption  as  to  the  truth 
of  the  critical  opinions  referred  to  ;  they 
may  be  as  mistaken  as  it  pleases  Mr. 
McClure  to  believe.  Prof.  Maspero,  how- 
ever, accepts  them  as  true,  and  in  his 
original  work  makes  it  manifest  to  all  that 
he  adopts  them  as  the  basis  of  his  entire 
representation  of  Israelitish  history.  This  is 
I  what  I  contend  should  have  been  clearly  and 


truthfully  indicated  to  the  reader  in  the  trans- 
lation. If  I  were  to  translate  a  work  on,  bay, 
geology,  and  on  certain  controverted  points 
were  to  alter  systematically  the  author's  text, 
for  the  purpose  of  concealing  his  opinions,  and 
making  it  express  or  accord  with  opinions  of 
my  own,  and  were  then  to  publish  rny  trans- 
lation under  the  author's  name,  without  any 
indication  of  what  I  had  done,  I  should  clearly 
be  acting  disingenuously  towards  the  public. 
And  this  is  what  has  been  done  in  the  case  of 
the  S.P.C.K.'s  translation  of  Prof.  Maspero. 
In  the  case  of  the  former  volume  (the  '  Dawn 
of  Civilization  '),  with  some  historical  conclu- 
sions in  which  the  editor  did  not  agree,  the 
author's  text  was  left  unaltered  ;  but  the  editor 
signified  his  dissent  in  the  preface.  This  was  a 
simple  and  straightforward  course  ;  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  understand  why,  if  there  were  parts 
of  the  present  volume  with  which  the  editor 
disagreed,  the  same  course  was  not  adopted 
again. 

2.  The  alterations  were  not  "few  and 
trivial,"  but  numerous  and  important  ;  they 
were  made  systematically,  and  their  effect  is 
completely  to  alter  Prof.  Maspero's  presenta- 
tion of  the  history.  Indeed,  if  they  had  not 
been  deemed  important  by  those  who  desired 
them,  we  may  feel  quite  sure  that  they  would 
not  have  been  introduced. 

3.  My  use  of  the  word  "surreptitious" 
implied  no  "rash  assumption";  I  was  speak- 
ing, of  course,  from  the  point  of  view  of 
the  English  public,  who  will  naturally  sup- 
pose that  "the  history  of  the  Hebrews  to 
the  eighth  century  B.C.,"  which  the  Society's 
advertisement  of  the  volume  states  that  it 
contains,  is  the  history  as  written  by 
Prof.  Maspero,  whereas  it  is  in  reality, 
in  many  important  particulars,  a  different 
history,  which  has  been  substituted  for  his 
history  without  the  reader's  knowledge.  The 
fact  that  Prof.  Maspero  gave  permission  for 
the  alterations  to  be  made  does  not  affect  the 
question.  No  doubt  he  did  not  foresee  the 
inconsistencies  in  which  this  permission  would 
land  him.  As  it  is,  he  is  teaching  in  France 
and  England  two  contradictory  things  at  the 
same  time  :  in  France,  for  instance,  he  says 
that  the  real  details  of  Samson's  history 
were  early  forgotten,  in  England  he  says  that 
we  possess  some  details  of  them  ;  in  France 
various  narratives  are  described  as  "legends" 
or  "  traditions,"  which  in  England  are  related 
as  sober  history.  A  better  reductio  ad  absurdum 
of  the  position  in  which  Mr.  McClure's  excuse 
places  the  Society  could  not  be  imagined.  The 
fact  of  the  permission  having  been  granted 
ought,  of  course,  to  have  been  mentioned 
openly. 

As  I  said,  my  argument  implied  no  assump- 
tion as  to  the  correctness  of  the  critical  con- 
clusions in  question.  As,  however,  Mr.  McClure 
has  made  some  remarks  upon  them  in  this 
regard,  I  may  be  permitted  to  do  the  same. 
It  seems  to  me,  then,  that  their  adoption  by  a 
man  of  the  acknowledged  historical  power  and 
insight  possessed  by  Prof.  Maspero  is  an  in- 
dication that  they  contain,  to  say  the  least,  a 
larger  element  of  truth  than  Mr.  McClure  is 
disposed  to  concede  to  them.  And  there  are 
some  who  will  be  surprised  that  if  (as  the 
advertisement  quoted  above  states)  Prof.  Mas- 
pero can  treat  the  mention  of  the  Israelites  by 
Merenphtah  with  his  "usual  acumen,"  this 
acumen  should  desert  him  in  his  treatment  of 
other  periods  of  their  history,  and  that  the  con- 
clusions to  which  it  has  there  led  him  should 
bo  the  one  part  of  the  volume  withheld  from 
the  English  public.  Yerax. 

P.S. — Mr.  McClure  seeks  to  throw  the 
responsibility  for  the  alterations  upon  the  trans- 
lator. But  the  Society  is,  I  presume,  respon- 
sible for  the  acts  of  its  accredited  agents,  and  it 
argues  a  strange  laxity  of  method  if,  in  a  book 
published  by  it,  changes  of  this  kind  could  be 
introduced  without  its  knowledge  and  sanction. 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


85 


MR.  CHARLES  B.  WILBOUR. 
The  death  of  one  who  was  so  well  known  a 
figure  in  Egypt  will  be  felt  beyond  the  large 
circle  of  his  attached  friends,  but  by  none  more 
than  by  those  friends  who  profited  by  his 
accurate  learning,  and  by  the  large  generosity 
with  which  he  dispensed  it  to  all  who  sought 
his  advice.  Mr.  Wilbour  was  a  citizen  of 
Rhode  Island,  but  for  some  time  past  had 
spent  part  of  the  year  in  Paris,  and  part  in  his 
hospitable  dahabiyeh,  the  Seven  Hathors,  on 
the  Nile.  There  he  had  collected  a  choice 
library  of  Egyptological  books,  together  with 
many  inscriptions,  Greek  and  Egyptian.  Not  only 
did  he  read  hieroglyphics  with  unusual  facility, 
but  he  had  made  a  special  study  of  the  Ptolemaic 
epoch  of  that  script,  which  is  well  known  to  be 
the  most  complicated  and  difficult  of  compre- 
hension. On  these  matters  it  was  my  privilege 
to  ask  his  aid,  and  never  did  he  fail  me  in  his 
learning  and  his  kindness.  It  is  but  recently  that 
he  sent  me  the  news,  so  strange  and  important 
to  Ptolemaic  history,  that  Arsinoe  II.  had  died 
in  the  fifteenth  year  of  her  husband's  reign, 
and  not  at  some  much  later  date.  This  he  had 
found,  and  read  beyond  question,  in  a  newly 
discovered  fragment  of  the  Mendes  stele.  This 
is  but  one  specimen  of  his  value  as  a  student 
of  Greek  Egyptology.  But  his  gentle  and 
genial  nature  attracted  all  who  met  him,  espe- 
cially the  natives,  who  were  much  impressed 
by  his  venerable  appearance,  and  who  familiarly 
called  him  Abu  Duggan  (the  Father  of  the 
Beard).  Three  years  ago  I  spent  some  weeks 
with  him  in  Nubia,  and  have  now  before  my 
mind's  eye  the  quiet  and  deliberate  humour 
wherewith  he  tempered  the  rash  enthusiasm  of 
his  ardent  companions.  Like  most  Americans, 
he  was  a  Home  Ruler  on  principle,  and  there- 
fore opposed  to  the  English  domination  in 
Egypt,  but  I  never  heard  him  speak  in  favour 
of  the  French  as  an  alternative.  He  seemed  to 
believe  in  the  possibility  of  native  self-manage- 
ment. Modesty  and  want  of  ambition  pre- 
vented him  from  giving  to  the  world  under  his 
own  name  the  stores  of  knowledge  he  had 
acquired.  He  is,  therefore,  only  known, 
beyond  his  circle  of  friends,  by  the  select  few 
through  whom  some  of  that  knowledge  filtered 
into  books.     To  these  his  loss  is  irreparable. 

J.  P.  Mahaffy. 


TUB   BOOK  SALES   OF  1896. 


II. 


Very  few  really  important  books  are  notice- 
able until  the  Tudor  Frere  Sale,  held  by 
Messrs.  Sotheby  on  February  14th  and  three 
subsequent  days.  On  that  occasion  1,074 
lots  of  books  sold  for  3,748/.,  among  them  an 
additionally  illustrated  copy  of  Ames's  '  Typo- 
graphical Antiquities,'  which  Mr.  Quaritch 
secured  for  248L;  Blomefield's  'Norfolk,' 
6  vols.,  folio,  1739-75,  361.  (old  calf)  ;  first  edi- 
tions of  'Eastward  Hoe,'  'Westward  Hoe,' 
and  'Northward  Hoe,'  three  fine  copies 
of  plays  by  George  Chapman,  Ben  .Tonson, 
and  John  Marston  respectively,  251.  ;  a 
quarto  volume  of  rare  tracts,  including  Naun- 
ton's  '  Fragmenta  Regalia,' first  edition,  1642, 
Blount's  'Hospital  for  Incurable  Fooles,'  1600, 
and  Nicholas  Breton's  '  A  Poste  with  a  Madde 
Packet/  1602,  77L  ;  Herrick's  '  Hesperides,' 
first  edition,  1648,  with  the  engraved  frontis- 
piece by  Marshall,  441.  (old  calf)  ;  Ben  Jonson's 
'  His  Case  is  Altered,'  1609,  and  the  same 
author's  'The  Alchemist,'  1612,  both  first 
editions,  stitched  in  one  volume,  vellum, 
31/.  ;  more  rare  tracts  in  one  volume,  4to., 
including  Jhone's  '  Booke  of  Honor  and 
Arni.s,'  1690,  Robin  Greene's  '  Groatsworth 
of  Wit,'  first  edition,  1592,  and  the  Bam 6 
author's  '  (J host  -  Haunting  Coney  Catchers,' 
1626,  80/.  ;  Orme's  'Oriental  Field  Sports,"  in 
the  twenty  original  numbers,  1807,  oblong 
folio,  17/.  (one  plate  missing)  ;  Ovid's  '  Meta- 
morphoses,' "  mythologized  and  represented  in 


figures  by  G.  Sandys,"  Oxford,  1632,  folio,  31/. 
(large  copy,  old  English  ornamented  calf)  ;  and 
Adrian  Poyntz's  '  New  and  Singular  Patternes 
and  Workes  of  Lumen,'  1591,  4to.,  an  un- 
bound copy  with  the  original  stitching,  12/. 
At  this  same  sale  an  original  copy  of  '  Pericles,' 
imprinted  at  London  for  Henry  Gosson,  1609, 
4to.,  sold  for  171/.  Daniel's  copy  of  'Pericles  ' 
sold  for  841.  ;  and  by  way  of  contrast  it  may 
be  mentioned  that  at  the  Roxburghe  Sale  in 
1812  a  good  and  perfect  example,  dated  1608, 
realized  but  11.  15s.  This  was  the  only  acknow- 
ledged Shakspearean  quarto  that  came  to  the 
hammer  during  the  year,  though  mention  may 
be  made  of  'The  Two  Noble  Kinsmen,' 1634, 
4to.,  9/.  5s.,  and  'The  Merry  Divel  of  Ed- 
monton,' 1617,  4to.,  which  are  sometimes 
associated  with  the  name  of  the  great  dramatist. 
This  last-named  piece  was  bound  up  with  a 
number  of  extremely  scarce  tracts  by  Thomas 
Middleton,  Rowley,  Nat.  Field,  and  other  play- 
wrights of  the  age,  which  realized  altogether  the 
substantial  sum  of  1221. 

The  last  days  of  February  saw  a  large  copy 
(8j  in.  by  5  in.)  of  Burns's  'Poems,'  Kilmarnock, 
1786,  which  sold  for  121?.  In  the  following 
June  another  copy  (8£  in.  by  4§  in.)  only 
brought  70/.  ;  but  some  of  the  leaves  had  been 
torn  and  soiled.  This  latter,  however,  was  a 
book  with  a  pedigree,  for  it  had  once  belonged  to 
Miss  Cream,  who  was  the  daughter  of  the  land- 
lord of  the  Gardenston  Arms  Inn,  where  Burns 
slept  in  the  September  of  1787.  Very  probably 
the  poet  had  given  it  to  her,  for  her  name  was 
on  the  title-page  in  a  hand  very  like  his  own. 
Other  important  books  sold  about  this  time  com- 
prise 'The  Humourist,'  4  vols.,  12mo.,  1819-20, 
55/.  (original  pictorial  boards,  unopened);  a 
complete  set  of  Cruikshank's  '  Comic  Almanac,' 
nineteen  parts,  1835-53,  20/.  10s.  ;  an  inflated 
copy  of  Forster's  'Life  of  Dickens,'  with  many 
hundred  autograph  letters  (thirty-six  of  Dickens 
himself)  and  views  inserted,  252/.  ;  and  Gold- 
smith's 'The  Traveller,'  first  edition,  1764,  8vo., 
96/.  (morocco  extra  by  Riviere).  This  edition 
of  '  The  Traveller '  is  in  its  way  a  curiosity,  for 
until  quite  recently  the  edition  dated  1765  was 
considered  to  be  the  first.  The  only  other  copy 
of  the  1764  edition  known  is  in  the  collection  of 
the  late  Mr.  Locker-Lampson,  who  described  it 
in  his  catalogue  as  "unique."  Thackeray's 
'  Second  Funeral  of  Napoleon '  has  now  dropped 
to  something  less  than  201.,  but  the  Snob  and 
the  Goumsman  still  continue  to  flourish.  The 
first-named  periodical  is  complete  in  eleven 
numbers,  printed  on  papers  of  various  colours, 
and  the  Gownsman  in  seventeen  numbers. 
A  set  of  the  two  in  the  original  wrappers  has 
sold  by  auction  for  as  much  as  125/.,  which, 
curiously  enough,  was  the  precise  amount  realized 
on  this  occasion  for  the  twenty-eight  numbers, 
bound  up  in  contemporary  boards.  Then  comes 
one  of  the  imperfect  'Canterbury  Tales,'  first 
edition,  1478 (?),  to  which  reference  has  already 
been  made,  1,020/.  Blades  gives  the  collation 
as  372  leaves,  and  several  were  missing  from 
this  copy.  In  the  face  of  such  a  price  as  this 
Nathaniel  Morton's  'New England's  Memoriall,' 
1669,  4to.,  501.  (original  sheep),  passes  almost 
unnoticed.  The  previous  occasion  on  which  a 
copy  of  this  scarce  book  had  been  sold  by  auction 
was  in  December,  1893,  when  it  realized  47/. 
(half  morocco). 

The  Biblical  and  liturgical  library  of  Mr. 
H.  J.  F.  Atkinson  contained  a  very  extensive 
assortment  of  Bibles  in  English,  Latin,  German, 
and  other  languages,  but  unfortunately  many  of 
them  were  sadly  imperfect.  A  copy  of  Cover- 
dale's  Bible  of  1535  brought  165/.,  though 
several  leaves  were  missing  and  a  con- 
siderable number,  including  the  title,  in 
facsimile.  Only  one  or  two  perfect  copies 
of  this  Bible  are  known.  A  complete  copy  of 
"  the  Wicked  Bible"  (1631),  as  it  was  christened 
by  the  late  Mr.  Stevens,  sold  for  10'.  10a. 
About  six  other  copies  have  been  unearthed 
since  Mr.  Lenox,  of  New  York,  acquired  what 


was  at  the  time  supposed  to  be  a  unique  speci- 
men. This  Bible  obtained  its  name  from  the 
circumstance  of  its  being  filled  with  gross  and 
scandalous  typographical  errors,  not  the  least 
reprehensible  of  which  is  the  omission  of  the 
word  "  not "  in  the  Seventh  Commandment. 
The  whole  edition  of  1,000  copies  was  ordered 
by  the  Star  Chamber  to  be  destroyed.  One  of 
the  two  block-books  sold  during  the  year  ap- 
peared in  this  sale.  It  was  a  very  early  German 
Dance  of  Death  in  folio,  but  not  being  of  the 
first  importance,  and  being  sold  "  with  all 
faults,"  only  produced  101.  10s.  The  other  block- 
book  went  for  3201.  on  November  28th.  It 
was  catalogued  as  '  Historia  Conceptionis  B. 
Mariae,  seu  de  Generatione  Christi,'  1471,  small 
folio.  A  question  was  raised  in  the  room 
whether  one  leaf  was  not  in  facsimile,  and  this 
example  was  also  sold  "with  all  faults." 
Among  the  New  Testaments  dispersed  at  the 
Atkinson  Sale  were  imperfect  copies  of  Tyndale's 
version  of  1536,  small  4to.,  23/.,  and  Coverdale's 
version  of  1538,  printed  at  Paris  by  Regnault, 
24/.  10s.  A  very  imperfect  copy  of  the  '  Golden 
Legende,'  1527,  small  folio,  Wynkyn  de  Worde, 
realized  14/.  This  library  contained  much  that 
was  exceptionally  interesting  and — mutilated. 

On  March  19th  and  following  days  a  library 
of  considerable  importance  came  into  the  market. 
It  was  described  as  belonging  to  a  "collector,  ' 
who,  judging  from  the  varied  nature  of  the  books 
sold,  must  have  been  a  man  of  immense  ver- 
satility. A  good  copy  of  "  Joy  full  Newes  out  of 
the  New- found  Worlde,  Englished  by  John 
Frampton,"  1596,  4to.,  realized  10/.  ;  Higden's 
'Polychronicon,'  printed  by  Caxton  in  1482, 
folio,  but  wanting  all  after  folio  343,  166/.  ; 
Chaucer's  'Canterbury  Tales,'  fifth  edition, 
printed  in  folio  by  Pynson  in  1493  (?),  200*.  Of 
this  edition  the  Althorp  copy  is  the  only 
perfect  one  known.  Of  the  first  edition  of 
1478  (?)  one  perfect  copy  is  in  the  library  of 
George  III.,  British  Museum,  and  another  at 
Merton  College.  Of  the  second  edition,  folio, 
1481,  but  one  perfect  copy  is  known.  Other 
books  worthy  of  special  notice  disposed  of  on 
this  occasion  included  Folengo's  '  Histoire 
Macaronique,'  2  vols.,  1734,  8vo.,  281.  (morocco 
extra  by  Boyet) ;  the  first  edition  of  Goldsmith's 
'Deserted  Village,' 1770,  4to.,  451.  (calf  extra 
by  Bedford);  De  Maumont's  Works  of  St.  Justin 
in  French,  Paris,  1559,  folio,  bound  by  Nicholas 
Eve  and  decorated  with  scroll  tooling,  interlaced 
and  bearing  the  motto  of  Grolier,  "Portiomea 
Domine  sit  in  Terra  viventium,"  921.  ;  the 
'  Epistolte  '  of  St.  Jerome,  printed  at  Mayence 
in  1470,  with  the  arms  of  Fust  and  Schoiffer  in 
red,  801.  ;  a  fine  copy  (128|  mill.)  of  the  rarest 
of  the  Elzevir  editions  of  the  'Imitatio  Christi,' 
Leyden,  no  date,  10/.  ;  the  romance  of 
chivalry  called  after  Lancelot  du  Lac,  3  vols, 
in  1,  Paris,  1533,  folio,  171.  10s.  (morocco  extra) ; 
'Paradise  Lost,'  1667,  4to.,  having  on  the  first 
fly-leaf  "  For  my  loving  ffriend  Mr.  Francis  Rea 
Booke  binder  in  Worcestershire,"  and  on  the 
next  fly-leaf  "  Presented  unto  me  by  the  Author 
to  whom  I  gave  2  doubl  Souveranges,"  851.  ;  a 
copy  of  the  first  edition  of  Florio's  '  Essayes 
of  Montaigno,  1603,  folio,  23/.  10s.  ;  and  an  ex- 
tremely important  collection  of  statutes  printed 
by  Machlinia  in  1480,  folio,  2751.  In  1893  a 
copy  of  this  book,  with  all  faults,  brought  85/. 

The  portion  of  the  library  of  the  late  Prof. 
Huxley  which  had  been  bequeathed  to  him  by 
Mr.  Anthony  Rich  contained  nothing  of  in- 
terest, and  the  same  must  be  said  of  several 
other  collections  dispersed  in  the  last  days  of 
March  and  beginning  of  April.  At  the  Duke 
of  Leeds  Sale,  held  on  April  15th,  a  copy  of 
the  first  English  translation  (by  Shelton)  of 
'Don  Quixote,' 2  vols.,  1612-20,  4to.,  brought 
351.;  and  Wycherley'a  '  Miscellany  Poems  '  on 
largo  paper,  1704,  folio,  46'.  (old  morocco  extra). 
Later  in  the  same  month  a  scries  of  58  vols,  of 
the  "  Auctores  Classici  Or.-vci,"  Paris,  Didot, 
1842  51,  realized  161.  10s.  (half  calf);  and 
175  vols,  on  large  paper  of  Valpy's  "  Delphin  " 


SG 


Til  K     ATHKN^UM 


N*3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


and  "  Variorum  Classics,"  1819  90,  251.  (russia 
eztra,a  fine  Bet).  Each  of  Valpy's  "  Delphin 
Clasaiofl  '  was  published  at  12.  lOa.  (large  paper), 
and  a  set  numbers  ill  vols.,  a  state  of  things 
which  disoloses  a  dreadful  fall.  .Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds's  'Graphic  Works,' 3  vols.,  1820  .'!<;, 

original  edition,  brought  54/.;  but  it  would  not 
seem  to  have  been  a  complete  copy,  as  it  is 
described  as  containing  only  308  plates  (should 
be  356,  exclusive  of  engraved  titles). 

The  late  Lord  Coleridge's  library,  which  was 
dispersed     by    Messrs.   Sotheby    on    May  4th 
and  four  following  days,  was  of  a  very  interest- 
ing and  scholarly   character,  though  it  did  not 
contain   much  of  value    in  a  pecuniary  sense. 
There     was     a     long     series     of     Browning's 
works,    mostly    presentation    copies ;    a    good 
specimen  of  the  '  Nuremberg  Chronicle,'  1493, 
folio,  202. ;  a  nearly  perfect  series  of  publications 
issued    by   the    Early    English    Text    Society, 
1864-94,  382.  10s. ;  Gould's  '  Monograph  of  the 
Trochilidie,'  with  Sharpe's  supplement,  1861-87, 
372.   10s.;  'Purchas  his  Pilgrimes,'  a  fine  and 
perfect   copy,    in   5   vols.,    1625-26,  folio,  672. 
(morocco  extra  by  Riviere) ;    Wilkins's   '  Con- 
cilia    Magnse     Britannia?,'  4  vols.,   1737,   231. 
(morocco  extra)  ;   and   many  of    the   works  of 
Ruskin  and  other  art  critics,  poets,  and  essay- 
ists   of    the    present    century.     On    May    4th 
Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  sold  '  The  Byble  in 
Englishe,'    printed     by    Whitchurche    on    the 
29th  of  December,  1549,  folio,  for  251. ;  a  good 
copy  of  'Sunday  under  Three  Heads,'  in  the 
original   wrapper,  for   8'.    15s. ;   and  a   slightly 
imperfect  copy  of  a  Book  of  Hours,  1529,  4to., 
Paris,  Regnault,  for  392.  10s.     Every  one  will 
naturally   remember  the   Crampton    Sale,  held 
at  the  commencement  of  June.     This  was  one 
of   those  modern  libraries  which    are  founded 
mainly  on  the  scarcest  editions  of  the  scarcest 
books  by  English  authors  of  the  present  cen- 
tury, and  some  of  the  prices  realized  were  very 
remarkable.     '  Pauline  '  went  for  1452. ;  Byron's 
'Poems     on      Various     Occasions,'     Newark, 
1807,     for    452.;     the      'Hours     of    Idleness,' 
1807,    large   paper,  original    boards,    for   201. ; 
and    'English    Bards   and   Scotch    Reviewers,' 
1811,  8vo.,  291.  (morocco  extra).     This,  though 
described  as  the  fourth  edition,  was  perhaps  the 
fifth,  a  very  important  point,  because  according 
to   some   bibliographers   the   fourth   edition  of 
1811  and  a  fifth  of  1812  (as  they  say)  are  quite 
distinct,  and  it  was   the   latter  which   was   so 
effectually  suppressed  that  only  a  single  copy 
escaped  destruction.    I  cannot  pretend  to  argue 
this  point,   especially  as  the  subject  was  very 
comprehensively   dealt    with    recently   in    the 
Athenceum,  (May  5th,  19th,  and  26th,  and  June  2nd, 
1894).     'The   Waltz,' 1813,  4to.,   sold  for  55Z. 
(half    calf)  ;   Coleridge's    '  Poems    on    Various 
Subjects,'  first  edition,  1796,  201.  (calf,  original 
receipt  for  thirty  guineas  inserted)  ;  '  Robinson 
Crusoe,'  1719,  'Farther  Adventures,'  1719,  and 
'Serious  Reflections,'   1720,   3  vols.,  8vro.,  751. 
(calf  extra);  'The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,' Salisbury, 
1766,  652.   (morocco  extra) ;   and  another  copy 
of  Milton's  '  Paradise  Lost,'  1667  (the  third  and 
last  sold  during  the  year),  902.  (morocco  extra). 
Perhaps  the  most  noticeable  book  in  the  whole 
collection  was  Shelley's  '  QEdipus  Tyrannus  ;  or, 
Swellfootthe  Tyrant,'  first  edition,  1820,  a  most 
rare  book,  only  two  or  three  copies  being  known, 
and  no  other  sale  being  recorded  during  the  past 
ten  years.     The  price  realized  was  1302.,  and 
for  this  the  purchaser  must  thank  the  Society 
for  the  Suppression  of  Vice,  which  frightened  the 
author   into    burning  his   tragedy.     Tennyson's 
'Window,'  1867,   and  'The  Victim,'  1867,  both 
appeared  at  this  remarkable   sale,  and  realized 
522.  and  752.  respectively  ;  while  Wordsworth's 
'  Grace  Darling,'  which  was  privately  printed  at 
Carlisle  in  1838,  brought  322. 

On  June  18th  the  second  copy  of  Burns's 
'Poems,'  Kilmarnock,  1786,  came  to  the 
hammer  as  stated  ;  and  Grafton's  Bible, 
"fynisshed  in  Apryll,"  1539,  brought  702. 
(rough  calf,   some  leaves   torn).     Then    comes 


Chaucer's  '  Canterbury  Talcs,'  1478(7),  to  which 

referenoe  has  already  been  made,  1,8802.     This 

is  the  identical  hook  which  it  was  proposed  to 
present  to  Mr.  Bayard,  and  which  by  this  time 
In-  would  have  received  had  the  fates  been  pro- 
pitious. At  the  same  sale  (the  best  of  the  whole 
year  from  a  monetary  standpoint,  1,699  lots 
having  realized  more  than  8,5002.)  the  copy  of 
Eliot's  Bible  which  brought  822.  was  sold,  and  also 
a  number  of  important  Books  of  Hours.  Then 
we  must  note  Holinshed's  'Chronicles,'  1577, 
folio,  362.  ;  Hubbard's  'Narrative  of  the  Troubles 
with  the  Indians,'  1077,  4to.,  1112.;  'The  Boke 
of  Common  Praier,'  printed  by  Whitchurche  in 
1552,  242.  (some  leaves  mended,  others  in  fac- 
simile) ;  a  Second  Folio  Shakspeare,  1632,  752.; 
a  Third  Folio,  1664,432.  (six  leaves  in  facsimile); 
and  a  Fourth  Folio,  1685,  342.  During  the  year 
the  First  Folio  has  sold  but  once,  and  the  copy 
was  imperfect,  1702. ;  the  Second  Folio  appeared 
on  eight  occasions,  the  Third  on  one,  and  the 
Fourth  on  eight.  Fifteen  pounds  seems  a  large 
sum  of  money  to  pay  for  Stevenson's  '  The 
Charity  Bazaar';  but  the  particular  copy  was 
one  of  a  very  small  number  which  the  author 
signed  when  resident  in  Samoa. 

Nearly  all  the  books  in  the  library  of  Sir 
Thomas  Lauder  were  remarkable  primarily  for 
their  bindings,  the  names  of  Clovis  Eve  and  Le 
Gascon  being  frequently  met  with.  So  also  the 
Bunbury  Sale  in  July  contained  several  very  fine 
specimens  of  bibliopegy.  Cowley's  '  Works,' 
1681,  folio,  in  contemporary  English  morocco 
covered  with  a  blaze  of  gilt  tooling  in  panels, 
sold  for  1262.,  and  there  were  several  specimens 
of  the  skill  of  Roger  Payne.  The  season  closed 
with  prices  which,  on  the  whole,  were  low,  but 
some  exceptional  books  must  be  noticed.  These 
include  a  special  copy  of  Hanmer's  '  Shake- 
speare,' 6  vols.,  4to.,  1744,  1602.  ;  Smith's 
'  Historie  of  Virginia,'  1625,  folio,  2042.  (the 
four  maps  genuine  and  in  a  fine  state)  ;  Saxton's 
maps,  1579,  folio,  202.  5s.  (slightly  mended,  but 
complete) ;  Lafontaine's  '  Contes  et  Nouvelles 
en  Vers,'  2  vols.,  1762,  8vo.,  2002.  (first  proofs 
before  all  letters,  Pixerecourt's  copy  of  the 
celebrated  "  Fermiers  Ge'neraux"  edition); 
Laudonnier's  '  L'Histoire  Notable,' 1586,  8vo., 
562.  ;  '  The  Acts  and  Laws  of  the  Province  of 
the  Massachusetts  Bay,'  1726,  folio,  642.  ;  and 
a  complete  copy  of  Reeve's  'Conchologia 
Iconica,'  20  vols.,  1843-78,  872.,  half  russia. 

Possibly,  on  a  very  minute  survey  of  the  year's 
book  sales,  a  survey  which  should  omit  no  single 
volume  of  the  least  importance,  there  would  be 
one  book  which  would  even  then  stand  out  above 
the  rest  in  the  estimation  of  the  majority  of 
Englishmen,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there 
are  many  others  which  brought  larger  amounts. 
This  is  the  first  edition  of  Walton's  '  Complete 
Angler,'  a  copy  of  which,  in  the  original  sheep 
binding  as  issued,  recently  sold  for  the  very 
large  sum  of  4152.,  being  an  advance  of  100 
guineas  on  the  price  previously  obtained  for  a 
copy  in  a  similar  state  (3102.,  March  4th,  1891). 
Just  now  a  great  deal  of  attention  appears  to 
be  directed  to  the  angler's  Bible,  and  the 
number  of  contemplative  men  anxious  to  possess 
it  in  the  original  is  so  great  that  it  would  be 
highly  indiscreet  to  assert  that  the  high-water 
mark  of  enthusiasm  has  yet  been  reached. 
In  conclusion,  attention  must  necessarily  be 
directed  to  two  separate  collections  of  works 
relating  to  the  languages,  history,  and  topo- 
graphy of  Spanish  America,  one  of  which  was 
dispersed  on  January  29th,  and  the  other  on 
November  5th.  The  two  together  only  con- 
sisted of  472  lots,  producing  6361.,  and  no  sensa- 
tional prices  were  obtained  on  either  occasion. 
The  books  were,  however,  highly  unusual,  and 
in  several  instances  unique  or  nearly  so,  and 
for  that  reason  merit  a  special  word  of  recog- 
nition in  the  interests  of  those  who  affect  this 
class  of  literature. 

A  general  survey  of  the  book  sales  of  1896 
does  not  disclose  much  of  superlative  interest 
and  importance,  and  no  great  ancestral  library, 


such  as  we  may  expect  U>  see  in  the  market 
this  year,  has  been  dispersed  for  a  long  time. 
To  be  in  a  position  to  form  an  extensive  collec- 
tion of  books,  or,  indeed,  anything  else,  should 
be  a  matter  for  congratulation,  and  if  the 
ancient  form  of  the  law  of  entail  could  be 
applied  to  goods  and  chattels  and  enforced,  it 
would  perhaps,  under  those  circumstances,  be 
possible  to  found  an  everlasting  library  which 
would  pass  religiously  en  bloc  from  one  genera- 
tion to  ai. other.  Nothing  short  of  this  will, 
apparently,  be  sufficient  to  protect  any  library, 
be  it  extensive  or  the  reverse,  a  single  moment 
after  the  founder  of  it  has  passed  away.  There 
are,  of  course,  exceptions,  but  they  are  ex- 
tremely few  in  number — so  few  that  the  private 
collections  now  existing  in  this  country  which 
have  seen  even  three  generations  of  owners 
can  be  counted  upon  the  fingers  and  are  so 
insecure  that  any  day  may  be  their  last.  In- 
deed, the  vast  majority  of  those  sold  by  auction 
carry  with  them  patent  evidence  that  they  are 
not  fifty  years  old  ;  and  so  the  wheel  goes 
round.  J.  H.  Slater. 


SAMUEL  TAYLOR  COLERIDGE'S  NOTES   ON   COMIC 
LITERATURE:    A  FIND. 

Helen's  Bay,  Co.  Down.  Jan.  1,  1897. 

Referring  to  the  interesting  article  in  the 
Atheweum  of  December  26th,  p.  906,  under 
the  above  heading,  I  would,  with  permission, 
beg  leave  to  say  that  I  have  a  book  anno- 
tated in  a  very  similar  manner,  also  by  Cole- 
ridge. It  is  a  folio  copy  of  Raleigh's  '  History 
of  the  World,'  1614,  in  fine  condition.  Appa- 
rently it  was  once  owned  by  Thos.  Poole,  of 
Nether  Stowey,  Coleridge's  friend,  as  it  bears 
his  signature  on  one  of  the  fly-leaves. 

The  ink  in  which  the  notes  are  written  has 
faded  to  a  reddish  brown,  but  the  writing  is 
easily  read.  Some  of  the  notes  are  of  only  a 
line  or  two,  others  extend  nearly  the  whole 
length  of  the  margin,  as  you  describe. 

The  book  has  been  rebound,  but  the  binder 
was  merciful  and  spared  the  margins,  leaving 
the  notes  untouched.  There  are  also  a  few 
pencil  marks  thus  X. 

La  yens  Mathewson. 


Ht'tcrari}  (Gossip. 

An  article  from  the  pen  of  Canon  MacColl 
on  '  The  Musulmans  of  India  and  the 
Sultan '  -will  appear  in  the  next  number  of 
the  Contemporary  Review.  The  article  aims 
at  showing  that  the  Mussulmans  of  India 
are  no  more  interested  in  the  Sultan  than  in 
any  other  Mussulman  sovereign  ;  that  the 
Sultan  is  in  no  sense  Khalif  or  Commander 
of  the  Faithful,  and  was  never  acknow- 
ledged as  such  in  India ;  that  in  fact  the 
Khalifat  has  been  extinct  for  centuries ; 
and  that  to  admit  the  doctrine  that  the 
Sultan  of  Stamboul  possesses  any  claim 
on  the  allegiance  of  Indian  Mussulmans 
would  be  a  most  dangerous  poHcy,  and  has 
never  been  countenanced  by  any  of  our 
responsible  statesmen. 

The  first  annual  volume  of  '  Sale  Prices  ' 
will  be  published  by  Mr.  Henry  Grant  at 
the  end  of  the  present  month  under  the  title 
of  '  The  Sale  Prices  of  1896.'  The  work,  of 
which  three  quarterly  parts  are  already  in 
the  hands  of  subscribers,  gives  a  report  of 
nearly  a  hundred  sales  by  auction  of  auto- 
graphs, manuscripts,  coins,  drawings,  pic- 
tures, prints,  war  medals,  relics,  tapestry,  and 
a  large  variety  of  general  objects  of  artistic 
and  antiquarian  interest,  with  the  amounts 
realized  and  the  purchasers'  names.  The  index 
is,  it  is  promised,  to  be  full,  and  the  work 
is  to  be  extensively  annotated  throughout. 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


87 


The  book  is  produced  under  the  editorship 
of  Mr.  J.  H.  Slater,  the  editor  of  'Book- 
Prices  Current.' 

Madame  Belloc,  whose  volume  called  '  In 
a  Walled  Garden '  was  much  liked  last 
summer,  is  going  to  issue  a  similar  book 
next  spring.  Its  title  is  '  The  Passing 
World.' 

The  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press 
have  asked  the  Rev.  Henry  A.  Eedpath, 
Dr.  Hatch's  fellow  labourer  in  preparing 
the  concordance  to  the  Septuagint  which  is 
just  finished,  to  add  to  it  a  complete  ono- 
masticon. 

Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  purpose  in- 
augurating a  new  departure  in  auctions  by 
holding  a  sale  exclusively  composed  of 
book-plates  on  January  28th.  Although 
the  collecting  of  "ex-libris"  has  long 
been  in  vogue,  they  have  hitherto  oc- 
curred in  the  sale-room  merely  in  small 
quantities,  intei'poiated  amongst  property 
of  a  different  character.  The  present  sale, 
therefore,  has  the  interest  of  being  one  by 
which  in  many  cases  a  standard  of  price 
will  be  fixed,  and  the  auctioneers  are 
hopeful  that  it  may  attract,  appealing 
as  it  does  not  merely  to  the  herald  or 
genealogist,  but  also  to  the  county  historian, 
the  student  of  design,  and  the  lover  of 
engravings. 

Mr.  A.  J.  Butler  writes  : — 

"Without  wishing  in  any  way  to  impair  the 
value  of  the  documentary  evidence  on  which 
Prof.  A.  H.  Keane  was  able  live  years  ago  to 
show  that '  Monomotapa  was  not  a  principality, 
but  a  prince  ;  not  an  empire,  but  an  emperor,' 
I  would  venture  to  quote  in  this  connexion  a 
passage  written  not  five,  but  forty  years  ago. 
'  In  reference  to  the  name  Monomotapa, '  says 
Livingstone,  '  it  is  to  be  remembered  tliat 
Mono,  Moene mean  simply  chief,  and  con- 
siderable confusion  has  arisen  from  naming  dif- 
ferent people  by  making  a  plural  of  the  chief's 

name the  same,' he  adds,  'as  if  we  should 

call  the  Scotch  the  Lord  Douglases '  ('  Mis- 
sionary Travels,'  ed.  1857,  p.  617).  Of  course, 
1  do  not  know  what  evidence  experts  want,  but 
to  the  plain  man  Livingstone's  statement,  based, 
I  presume,  on  some  knowledge,  seems  fairly 
'documentary.' " 

Messrs.  Smitii,  Elder  &  Co.  will  shortly 
publish  a  first  novel  by  Mr.  Archie  Arm- 
strong, entitled  '  Under  the  Circumstances.' 
Its  author  has  hitherto  been  chiefly  known 
through  his  short  stories  and  verse  con- 
tributed to  the  magazines  and  newspapers, 
and  he  has  had  some  experience  in  journal- 
ism. He  wrote  the  libretto  of  '  Dan'l's 
Delight,'  which  was  acted  not  long  ago  at 
the  St.  George's  Hall  by  the  German  Reed 
Company. 

Messrs.  Jones  &  Evans,  booksellers,  of 
Queen  Street,  Cheapside,  inform  us  that  they 
have  had  stolen  from  their  shop  two  of  the 
scarcest  of  the  Kelmscott  Press  books,  viz., 
'  King  Florus  '  on  vellum,  and  the  same  on 
paper.  The  vellum  issue  was  but  twelve 
copies  in  all,  and  both  disappearing  together 
shows  that  the  thief  was  educated  enough 
to  know  the  value  of  his  bag.  Both  copies 
bore  identifiable  private  marks. 

The  death  is  announced  of  Mr.  Maunsell, 
proprietor  and  editor  of  tho  Dublin  Daily 
Express.  —  We  have  also  to  record  the 
decease  of  Mr.  James  Gowans,  the  well- 
known  second-hand  bookseller  in  St.  John's 
Wood.     Mr.  Gowans  was   born  near  Edin- 


burgh, and  was  for  some  years  sub-editor  of 
the  Courant,  and  contributed,  says  the  Scots- 
man, to  Blackivood'' s  Magazine.  He  was  for 
many  years  Secretary  of  the  Mechanics' 
Library  in  Edinburgh,  and  subsequently 
became  a  bookseller  in  London.  He  was  a 
man  of  considerable  reading,  and  wrote  a 
volume  on  '  Edinburgh  in  the  Days  of  our 
Grandfathers.' 

Mr.  Parker's  translation  of  '  The  Works 
of  Dionysius  the  Areopagite,'  which  we 
have  already  announced,  is  to  appear  before 
long. 

The  indefatigable  Mr.  W.  B.  Hutton,  of 
St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  is  going  to  pub- 
lish a  monograph,  through  Messrs.  Long- 
man, on  '  The  Church  of  the  Sixth  Century.' 
The  same  publishers  promise  '  Joy  :  a  Frag- 
ment,' by  the  late  Mrs.  Sidney  Lear.  A 
short  memoir  of  the  lamented  author  is  to 
accompany  it. 

The  County  Council  of  Carmarthenshire 
is  anxious  to  turn  Llandovery  School,  which 
celebrated  its  jubilee  the  other  day.  into  an 
intermediate  school.  This  would  mean  a 
total  change  in  the  system  of  education 
pursued.  There  are  now  many  intermediate 
schools  in  Wales,  but  there  are  only  three 
or  four  schools  that,  like  Llandovery,  send 
any  number  of  boys  to  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge, and  this  Llandovery  does  with 
signal  success.  It  would  be  a  retrograde 
step  to  interrupt  the  successful  career  of  so 
well-managed  a  school. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder  did  quite  rightly 
in  raising  the  question,  as  they  did  the  other 
day  with  regard  to  the  Review  of  Reviews,  of 
the  right  of  a  reviewer  to  make  inordinately 
lengthy  extracts.  If  a  book  is  readable,  there 
is  no  doubt  that  a  certain  amount  of  quota- 
tion helps  the  sale.  Sometimes,  perhaps, 
the  passages  quoted  are  the  only  lively  ones 
to  be  found  in  the  work  noticed ;  but  even 
if  the  critic  says  so,  the  public  does  not 
realize  it,  and  feels  a  wish  to  see  the 
volumes.  But  the  habit  of  excessive  quota- 
tion, which  has  been  on  the  increase  for 
some  years  past,  is  certainly  detrimental  to 
publishers,  as  it  tends  to  exhaust  the  reader's 
curiosity,  and  encourages  the  growing  habit 
of  contenting  oneself  with  glancing  at  the 
reviews  of  new  literature.  We  are  glad  the 
Publishers'  Association  took  a  part  in  the 
matter.    Possibly  it  may  be  of  use  after  all. 

Mr.  S.  J.  Adair  Fitz-Gerald  tells  us  we  are 
in  error  in  thinking  that  we  have  seen  '  The 
Zankiwank  and  the  Bletherwitch '  before. 
It  is  quite  new.  "Perhaps,"  he  adds, 
"your  reviewer  remembers  a  previous  fairy 
tale  of  mine  in  a  similar  vein  ;  I  refer  to  my 
'  Wonders  of  tho  Secret  Cavern.'  " 

Dr.  Wiliielm  Deecke,  of  the  German 
Gymnasium  at  Mulhouse,  who  died  at 
Strasbourg  on  January  3rd  after  a  dan- 
gerous surgical  operation,  was  one  of  the  fore- 
most authorities  upon  ancient  Etruria  and 
the  Etruscans.  He  was  born  at  Lubeck  in 
1831,  where  his  father  was  public  librarian. 
In  1877  he  edited  the  second  edition  of 
X.  0.  Midler's  '  Dio  Etrusker.'  His  own 
series  of  '  Etruskische  Forschungen  '  were 
issued  at  intervals  from  1875  to  1880.  From 
1881  to  1884  he  collaborated  with  Pauli  in 
tho  publication  of  tho  successive  parts  of  tho 
'  Etruskische  Studion.'  In  1871,  when  tho 
Germans  annexed  Alsaco,  he  was  appointed 


co -rector  of  the  Lj'ceum  at  Strasbourg, 
where  he  stayed  for  ten  years  and  did 
valuable  service  in  the  matter  of  school 
reform.  His  extremely  independent  criti- 
cism of  the  educational  plans  of  Manteuffel, 
the  imperial  viceroy,  was  the  cause  of  his 
leaving  Strasbourg. 

The  Leyden  Society  for  the  Reproduction 
of  Ancient  Manuscripts  is  about  to  issue  a 
photographic  copy  of  the  oldest  known 
manuscript  of  Horace,  the  Berne  MS.  363. 
Prof.  Hagen,  of  Berne,  is  at  work  upon  an 
essay  dealing  with  the  scientific  importance 
of  the  MS.  for  the  criticism  of  Horace  and 
its  special  palreographical  value. 

The  stamp  duty  on  newspapers,  which  in 
Austria  has  greatly  impeded  the  development 
of  the  press,  is  to  be  abolished  at  the  beginning 
of  next  year.  Those  papers  which  are  not 
published  more  frequently  than  thrice  a  week 
will  be  exempt  from  stamp  duty  next  March. 

The  inhabitants  of  Sackingen,  in  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  intend  erecting  a 
monument  in  honour  of  Victor  Scheffel,  who 
made  their  town  famous. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Pope  thinks  of 
founding  an  international  university  at 
Assisi  (Universita,  internazionale  Cattolica). 
We  should  think  this  most  unlikely.  The 
little  Umbrian  town  is  not  suited  for  such  a 
purpose. 

The  Frankfurter  Zeitung  records  the 
astounding  news  that  Heinrich  Heine  has, 
after  all,  a  monument  in  Germany.  It  is 
near  the  manufacturing  town  of  Elberfeld, 
but  we  regret  to  say  that  it  consists  of  a 
heap  of  stones  only,  from  the  midst  of 
which  rises  a  bare  flagstaff.  One  of  the 
larger  stones  bears  the  inscription,  "  Dem 
Andenken  Heinrich  Hemes,"  and  another 
contains  the  first  four  lines  of  a  poem  from 
the  '  Harzreise,'  beginning  with  the  words  : 

Auf  die  Berge  will  ich  steigen. 
On  a  third  stone  are  carved  the  letters 
"  S.  v.  d.  H.,"  which  are  the  initials  of 
Freifrau  Selma  von  der  Heydt,  who  had 
the  moral  courage  to  brave  her  countrymen 
by  erecting  a  monument,  though  a  primitive 
one,  to  the  greatest  lyric  poet  of  modern 
times. 

We  are  glad  to  learn,  from  reports  received 
from  Bangkok,  that  the  Siamese  Government 
is  breaking  with  old  traditions  in  assisting 
in  the  preparation  of  a  semi-official  yearly 
publication  in  English,  in  which  tho  new 
laws  passed  since  the  opening  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council  in  January,  1895,  are  to  be 
given  in  an  English  translation,  together 
with  statistics  regarding  agriculture,  trade, 
and  population.  The  first  short  introduc- 
tory volume,  resuming  previous  legislation 
up  to  1895,  is  to  appear  in  the  Siamese  new 
year,  April,  1897. 

The  Parliamentary  Tapers  of  the  week 
include  a  Return  giving  a  List  of  those 
Buildings  of  Architectural  and  Historic 
Interest  in  the  United  Kingdom  of  which 
the  Structure  and  Fabric  are  maintained 
by  the  War  Office  (lrf.)j  Report  of  the 
Departmental  Committee  on  Reformatory 
and  Industrial  Bchools,  Vol.  II.  Evidence 
and  Index  (8*.  9d.)  ;  and  two  further  reports 
on  Yorkshire  charities. 


88 


THE    A  Til  ENJEUM 


N°3612,  Jan.  1C,  '97 


SCIENCE 


SOCIKTIBS. 
QBOLOOK  M..—./tut.  »'>.—  Dr.  II.  Hicks,  President, 
in  the  obair. —  Messrs.  B.  Bonthrone,  II.  a.  Pringle, 
and  T.  P.  Prout,  and  the  Ix.-v.  J.  N.  vanstone  were 
elected  Fellows,  If.  B.  Dapont,  of  Brussels  :  I»r.  A. 
Frit-cli,  of  Prague  ;  Prof.  A.  de  Lapparenr,  of  Paris: 
nnd  Dr.  II.  Reusob,  of  Cbristiania,  were  elected 
Foreign  Member!-  ;  and  Prof.  A.  Hyatt,  of  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  a  Foreign  Correspondent  of  the 
Society. — The  following  communications  were  read  : 
'On  the  Structure  of  the  Skull  of  a  Plioeaur,'  by  Mr. 
0.  W.  Andrews,— '  On  the  Pembroke  Earthquakes 
of  August,  18'J2,  and  November,  1893,'  by  Mr.  C. 
Davison, — and  '  Changes  of  Level  in  the  Bermuda 
Islands,'  by  Prof.  It.  8.  Tarr,  commuuicated  by  the 
Secretary. 

I.ixnean.— -D<c  17.— Dr.  A.  Giinther,  President, 
in  the  chair. — Mr.  F.  Roner  was  admitted,  and  Sir 
W.  Roberts  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Burrage  were  elected 
Fellows- — Messrs.  J.  Green  and  J.  H.  Gardiner  ex- 
hibited a  series  of  sciagraphs  of  British  batrachians 
and  reptiles  in  which  the  details  of  the  skeleton  were 
very  sharply  defined,  and  its  relation  to  the  external 
outline  well  shown.  These  sciagraphs.as  well  as  those 
of  a  series  of  mollusca  also  exhibited,  were  taken 
with  a  Crookes's  tube  of  the  ordinary  focus  pattern, 
actuated  by  a  powerful  induction-coil  giving  Sin. 
sparks,  and  the  prints  were  made  from  untouched 
negatives. —  Prof.  Howes  offered  remarks  on  the 
series  of  batrachians  and  reptiles,  and  Mr.  B.  B. 
Woodward  commented  upon  the  details  of  struc- 
ture made  apparent  in  the  sciagraphs  of  mollusca. 
— Mr.  J.  E.  Harting  exhibited  a  supposed  hybrid 
between  the  common  brown  hare  (Lepiis  timidvs) 
and  the  Irish  hare  iLepttt  variabilis)  recently 
obtained  in  Carnarvonshire,  where  the  latter  species 
bad  been  introduced  in  1878.  He  compared  it  with 
examples  of  both  the  above-named  species,  and  con- 
trasted their  distinguishing  peculiarities,  pointing 
out  the  intermediate  characters  exhibited  by  the 
hybrid.  —  The  President  thought  that  too  much 
stress  should  not  be  laid  upon  external  appearance 
and  colour ;  that  the  question  of  hybridity  should 
rather  be  determined  by  comparing  the  relative 
measurements  of  the  leg-bones  ;  and  that  the  Irish 
hare  should  be  compared  in  detail  with  the  bare  of 
Southern  Europe  (Z.  vieridionalis  or  mediter- 
raneiix). — Prof.  Howes  drew  attention  to  Nathusius's 
observations  upon  the  Peyer's  patches  of  the  lepo- 
rines,  and  pointed  to  the  necessity  for  examination 
of  the  viscera.— Mr.  B.  Hamilton  was  inclined  to 
regard  the  supposed  hybrid  as  an  example  of  the 
ordinary  brown  hare  turning  white  in  winter, 
hitherto  unnoticed  in  this  country.  —  Mr.  T. 
Christy  inquired  what  position  the  so  -  called 
Belgian  bare  or  leporine  occupied  in  relation  to  the 
question  of  hjbridity,  and  was  answered  that  the 
popular  notion  of  that  animal  being  a  hybrid 
betweeu  hare  and  rabbit  was  fallacious,  since  it 
was  nothing  more  than  an  overgrown  tame  rabbit 
coloured  like  a  hare. — Mr.  B.  B.  Woodward  gave  a 
demonstration,  illustrated  with  lantern-slides,  of 
M.  F.  Bernard's  researches  into  the  development 
of  the  binge  of  bivalve  shells.— On  behalf  of  Dr. 
A.  J.  Ewart,  a  paper  was  read  in  continuation  of 
one  previously  communicated  by  him  and  entitled 
'Further  Observations  on  Assimilatory  Inhibition.' 
— Mr.  W.  C.  Worsdell  gave  the  chief  facts  of  a 
paper  dealing  with  the  'Development  of  the  Ovule 
of  Christisonia,  a  Genus  of  the  Orobancbea;.'  Re- 
ferring to  Prof.  Koch's  detailed  account  of  the 
development  of  the  ovule  of  Orobanche,  he  re- 
marked that  Christisonia  as  a  parasitic  plant  was 
of  such  interest,  and  differed  so  much  in  its  vegeta- 
tive structure  from  Orobanche,  that  it  seemed  to 
be  worth  while  to  record  the  facts  of  its  embryo- 
logical  development.  A  brief  description  of  the 
vegetative  parts  of  the  plant  was  then  given  ;  these 
were  the  rhizome-like,  anastomosing  network  of 
roots  bearing  tubers  at  intervals,  from  which  latter 
the  exogenously-formed  baustoria  are  produced. 
The  haustoria  penetrate  the  roots  of  the  bamboo 
or  Btrobilanth,  upon  which  the  plant  is  parasitic. 
The  lateral  roots  and  the  stems  are  derived  endo- 
genously  ;  the  latter  grow  rapidly,  and  after  pro- 
ducing the  flowers  die  at  the  end  of  the  season. 
The  flower  resembles,  in  its  main  features,  that  of 
Orobanche.  The  ovary  in  one  species  is  unilocular 
throughout,  in  another  species  it  is  bilocular  below  and 
unilocular  above  ;  the  placenta:  are  two  in  number. 
By  the  aid  of  blackboard  drawings  the  author  then 
described  the  development  of  the  embryo-sac  and 
the  embryo.  This  was  shown  to  follow  essentially 
the  same  lines  as  in  Orobanche.  Its  main  features 
were  :  the  origin  of  the  archesporium  from  a  h\  po- 
dermal  cell ;  the  casual  occurrence  of  a  double  arclie- 
sporium  ;  the  absence  of  tapetal  cells  ;  the  division 
of  the  archesporium  into  four  cells,  the  lowest  of 
which  subsequently  grew  into  the   embryo-sac  (an 


anomaly  was  observed  in  one  ovule,  in  which  two 

of    the    uppermost  cells    persisted    as    rudimentary 

in  one  of  which   the  nucleus  had  divided  into 

four)  ;  the  large  sice  of  th>-  lynergidis,  as  compared 

with  that  of  the  coir'  -ponding  cells  at  the  antipodal 
end  ;  the  outgrowth  of  the  embryo  from  the  ovum 
as  an  elongated  unicellular  structure;  the  fuion 
of  the  polar  nuclei  ;  the  early  stages  in  the 
formation  of  the  endosperm  ;  the  sequence  of 
cell-divisions  in  the  developing  of  embryo  and 
the  irregularity  of  these  ;  the  extremely  rudi- 
mentary character  of  the  embryo  as  compared  with 
ordinary  dicotyledonous  plants,  this  being  perhapt 
even  more  pronounced  than  in  Orobanche.  Finally, 
it  was  pointed  out  that  in  a  great  many  plants  the 
vegetative  aud  the  reproductive  organs  have  not 
always,  by  any  means,  a  parallel  development.  A 
striking  instance  of  this  was  to  be  seen  in  Christi- 
sonia. In  this  plant  the  vegetative  structure  was 
of  an  abnormal  and  reduced  type,  and  remarkably 
different  from  that  of  other  phanerogams;  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  structure  and  developmentof 
the  embryo-sac  bad  remained  essentially  of  the  same 
normal  type  as  in  the  majority  of  dicotyledons. — 
The  paper  was  criticized  by  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott.  — On 
behalf  of  Dr.  L.  0.  Howard,  entomologist  to  the 
U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  a  paper  was  read 
'On  the  Chalcididic  of  the  Island  of  Grenada,  West 
Indies,'  dealing  with  the  Chaleidids  collected  by 
Mr.  H.  H.  Smith,  under  the  auspices  of  the  British 
Association  Committee  for  investigating  the  fauna 
and  flora  of  the  West  Indian  islands.  The  collec- 
tion consisted  of  from  COO  to  700  specimens,  and 
comprised  six  new  genera  and  seventy-two  new 
species,  which  were  described.  The  geographical 
relationships  of  the  group  were  discussed. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers—  Jan.  12.— 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  iu  the  chair.— It  was 
announced  that  seventeen  Associate  Members  had 
been  transferred  to  the  class  of  Members,  and  that 
seventeen  candidates  had  been  admitted  as  students. 
—The  monthly  ballot  resulted  in  the  election  of  nine 
Members  and  of  thirty-seven  Associate  Members. — 
The  paper  read  was  '  On  Superheated- Steam  Engine 
Trials,'  by  Prof.  William  Ripper. 


Tin  us.  Chemical,  8— 'Studies  of  the  Properties  of  Highly  Purified 
Mihslanre* ,'  Mr  W  A  Shenstorie  .  '  Ac-lion  of  lna*U.M-  on 
starch  Part  III  ,'  Messrs  A  K  Ling  nnd  I  I.  Inker.  The 
solution  llenhllr  and  (  uv>  if  lUs!u<  kik  Power  of  Ixitro**-, 
I-  .uIomv  and  InYert-SagAi  Meeeri  Jl  J  Brow  a  Q  H 
Morris,  and  J    H    Millar,     1«  1 1 » ii'.i  ■  ■■»  ol  Maolunu,  fait  1 1  ,' 

Mr  a  o  PerUn 

—  Linncan   »—  'Origin  of   the  Corpu$  eaUotum,'  Dr    (J    V.    Smith ; 

'  Minnie  structure  of  the  >er,ou»  sjtletu  of  the  Mollusca,' 
lir  J    Oilchrlbl 
Far       Physical.  S  -An   Kihlbition  of  tome  Simple  Apparatus'  Mr. 
W    l<  Croft,  •  I  he  Passage  of  hlectricit)  ihrougij  C,a*es,' Mr. 
B  C.  Half 

—  Imyal  Institution.  9  —  •  Properties  of    Liquid    Oxjgcu,    Prof. 

lie  war. 
lloyal  Institution.   3  —' Neglected  Italian  and   French    Com 
posers,'  Mr  0.  Armbrueter 


Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology.— Jan.  12. 
— Anniversary  Meeting.— Sir  P.  le  Page  Renouf, 
President,  in  the  chair.— The  Secretary's  Report  for 
the  year  1896  was  read.— The  following  officers  and 
Council  for  the  current  year  were  elected  :  Presi- 
dent, Sir  P.  le  Page  Renouf  ;  Vice-Presidents,  the 
Lord  Archbishop  of  York,  the  Marquess  of  Bute, 
Lord  Amherst  of  Hackney,  Lord  Halsbury,  W.  E. 
Gladstone,  A.  Cates,  F.  D.  Mocatta,  W.  Morrison,  Sir 
C.  Nicholson,  A.  Peckover,  and  Rev.  G.  Rawlinson  ; 
Council,  Rev.  C.  J.  Ball,  Rev.  Prof.  T.  K.  Chevne, 
T.  Christy,  Dr.  J.  H.  Gladstone,  C.  Harrison,  G.  Hill, 
Prof.  T.  H.  Lewis,  Rev.  A.  Lowy,  Rev.  J.  Marshall, 
C.  G.  Montefiore,  W.  L.  Nash,  Prof.  E.  Naville, 
J.  Pollard,  E.  B.  Tylor,  and  E.  T.  Whyte  ;  Hon. 
Treasurer,  B.  T.  Bosanquet  ;  Secretary,  W.  H. 
Rylands  ;  Hon.  Secretary  for  Foreign  Correspon- 
dence, Rev.  R.  Gwynne  ;  Hon.  Librarian,  VV.  Simp- 
son. 

Aristotelian.  —  Dec.  14. —  Mr.  B.  Bosanquet, 
President,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  E.  Thurtell  and  Miss 
Dawson  were  elected  Members. — Mr.  J.  E.  McTag- 
gart  read  a  paper  'On  Hegel's  Treatment  of  the 
Categories  of  the  Subjective  Notion.' 

Jan.  11.— The  President  iu  the  chair.— Papers  were 
read  by  the  President  and  Messrs.  S.  H.  Hodgson 
and  G.  E.  Moore  on  the  question,  'In  what  Sense, 
if  any,  do  Past  and  Future  Time  Exist  ? ' 


MEETINGS   FOR  THE   ENSUING   WFKK 
Mon.      Victoria  Institute,  4J.-On  the  Assouan  Embankment,'  Prof 
Hull 

—  London  Institution,  5  — '  Experiences    at  the  Afghan  Courts, 

Mr  J.  A  Gray. 

—  Society    of    Aim,    8   —  '  Material     and     Design    in    Pottery, 

Lecture  I..  Mr   W   Burton      (Cantor  Lecture  ) 

—  Instituto    of    British    Architects,    s.  —  President's    Address  to 

Students 
Tits,     ltoyal  Institution,  3  -'Animal  Electricity,   Prof  AD  Waller 

—  Statistical.  5J.  — '  Local  Death-Kales  in  England  and  Wales  in  the 

Ten  Years  lusl-tni.'  Mr    1    A    Welton 

—  Civil  Engineers,  8 —Discussion  on  ' Superheated  Steam  Engine 

Trials.' 

—  Folk-lore,  8  -Annual  Meeting  ;  Presidential  Address 

—  Zoological,  8}.-'Kevi?ion  ol  the  West-Indian  MJcrolepldoptem, 

with  Description  of  New  Species.'  Lord  Walsinghaiu  ,  •  Points 
In  the  Anatomy  of  the  Manatee  lately  living  in  the  SocletJ  a 
Gardens,'  Mr  v.  v.  Beddard;  ' classification  of  the  Primates 
from  the  Ophthalmoscopic  Appearance  of  the  Fundus  oculi,' 
Dr  (J  L  Johnson. 
Wxd.  Meteorological.  7j  —Annual  General  Meeting;  Presidents 
Address  on  '  shade  Temperature.' 

—  Entomological.  8  —Annual  Meeting 

—  Society  ol  Arts,  8  — '  The  Holler  ltoatof  M.  Begin.1  M  E.Gauticr. 

—  Microscopical, 8.— Annual  Meeting;  Preeldents Address 

—  Geological.   8  —Glacial    Phenomena  of  Pjl.ro,  on-  Age  in  Hie 

Varanger  Fjord,' and  'The  liaised  Reaches  and  Glacial  Deposits 
of  the  Varanger   Fjord,'  Mr    a    strahan;   -The  Subgenera 
Pctaiogiaptus and cephalogreptua,   MlasG    I.  Ellei 
Tiuus  ltoval    Institution,  3. -'Some  Secrets  of  Crystals,' Prof.  H.  A. 
Miers 

—  It  oval   4  J 

—  Historical.  5 —'Some  Surylvors  of  the  Armada,' Major  M   A   S 

Hume 

—  London  Institution,  O.-'llie  Aitand  Craft   ol  Glass-Making,' 

Mr  H  J.  Powell. 

—  Numismatic,  7. 


£tiintt  (gossip. 

The  fiftieth  annual  general  meeting  of  the 
Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers  will  be 
held  on  the  evenings  of  the  4th  and  5th  of 
February,  at  25,  Great  George  Street.  The 
annual  report  of  the  Council  will  be  presented, 
and  the  annual  election  of  the  President,  Vice- 
Presidents,  and  members  of  Council,  and  the 
ordinary  election  of  new  members  will  take 
place  on  Thursday.  The  papers  to  be  read  and 
discussed,  as  far  as  time  permits,  are  :  '  Fourth 
Report  to  the  Alloys  Research  Committee,'  by 
Prof.  Roberts  -  Austen  ;  '  Partially  Immersed 
Screw-Propellers  for  Canal  Boats  ;  and  the 
Influence  of  Section  of  Waterway,'  by  Mr.  H. 
Barcroft ;  and  '  Mechanical  Propulsion  on 
Canals,'  by  Mr.  L.  S.  Robinson. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  which  has  been 
inquiring  into  the  expenditure  of  the  Central 
College  of  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Insti- 
tute, as  compared  with  the  results  obtained, 
has  now  been  presented  to  the  Governors  of 
the  Institute,  by  whom  the  Committee  was 
nominated.  The  report  is  regarded  as  decidedly 
favourable,  and  is  not  expected  to  lead  to  any 
significant  changes. 

The  Professor  of  Rural  Economy  at  Oxford 
invites  support  outside  the  University  for  & 
scheme  which  would  have  the  effect  of  making 
agricultural  science  one  of  the  subjects  of  ex- 
amination for  the  University  degree. 

The  Geological  Society  will  this  year  award 
its  medals  and  funds  as  follows  :  the  Wollaston 
Medal  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Hudleston  ;  the  Murchison 
Medal  and  part  of  the  fund  to  Mr.  H.  B. 
Woodward  ;  the  Lyell  Medal  and  part  of  the 
fund  to  Dr.  G.  J.  Hinde  ;  the  Bigsby  Medal 
to  Mr.  Clement  Reid  ;  the  proceeds  of  the  Wol- 
laston  Fund  to  Mr.  F.  A.  Bather  ;  the  balance 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  Murchison  Fund  to  Mr. 
S.  S.  Buckman  ;  and  the  balance  of  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  Lyell  Fund  to  Mr.  W.  J.  Lewis 
Abbott  and  Mr.  J.  Lomas. 

Ox  January  5th  a  monument  in  honour  of 
the  geologist  Jaccard  was  unveiled  in  the  Eng- 
lish garden  at  Locle,  in  Canton  Neuchatel. 

Three  small  planets  were  discovered  by  M. 
Charlois  at  Nice  on  the  night  of  the  31st  ult. 
If  all  recent  announcements  prove  to  be  really 
new,  these  will  raise  the  number  found  in  189& 
to  20,  and  the  whole  number  known  to  420. 

Although  but  little  has  been  seen  of  the  sun 
lately,  a  rather  remarkable  group  of  spots  was 
noticed  on  his  disc  at  the  end  of  last  week. 
Wc  are  now  nearly  half  way  between  epochs  of 
maximum  and  minimum  abundance. 


FINE    ARTS 

Les  Tapisseries  de  Raphael  an  Vatican  et  dans 
les    Principalis   Jlusces    ou    Collections    d« 
V  Europe  :    Etuds   Ifistorique    et    Critique. 
Par  Eugene  Miintz.     (Paris,  Eothschild.) 
Fkom  its  very  handsome  form  and  appear- 
ing at  the  present  time,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  publisher  of  M.  Eugene  Miintz's 
new  work,   '  Les  Tapisseries    de  Raphael,' 
intended   it   to  obtain   some    share    of   the 
patronage  bestowed  on  that  class  of  litera- 
ture, the  primary  aim  of  which  is  to  serve 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


for  New  Year's  gifts.  As  the  mention  of 
the  gift-book,  with  its  usually  smart  and 
frequently  gaudy  cover,  its  illustrations  to 
match,  suggests  the  proverbial  apples  of 
the  Dead  Sea,  it  is  only  fair  to  say  that  M. 
Eothschild's  volume  is  not  of  this  calibre. 
The  cover  is,  indeed,  ornamental,  but  it  is 
the  masculine  ornament  of  the  Italian  Re- 
naissance, of  the  period  of  its  matured 
practice,  and  before  it  had  lost  its  original 
restrained  grace  of  design.  And  when  on 
turning  over  the  pages  the  wealth  of 
Raphaelesque  invention  stands  revealed, 
there  is  then  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing 
to  what  category  the  work  belongs.  M. 
Rothschild  is  generally  credited  with  a 
tolerably  accurate  knowledge  of  the  artistic 
leanings  of  the  book  -  purchasing  public. 
That  he  should  place  this  one  in  the  market 
at  this  season  may  be  accepted  as  denoting 
the  existence  of  a  class  which  still  retains  a 
high  standard  of  taste. 

The  chief  interest  of  the  present  work,  of 
course,  centres  on  the  Cartoons  of  Raphael. 
Hence  it  is  with  more  than  ordinary  autho- 
rity that  M.   Miintz    discusses    his  theme. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  '  Life  of  Raphael ' 
which    stands   in   the    front    rank    of   the 
numerous  biographies  of   the  painter;    he 
has  written  a  history  of  tapestry  which  is 
accepted  as  a  text-book ;  and  he  is  further 
as    familiar    with    the   Vatican    as    he    is 
with  the  palace,  of  the  collections  of  which 
he  is  the  keeper.     Readers  of  '  Raphael,  sa 
Vie,  son  CEuvre,  et  son  Temps,'  will  remember 
the  admirable  description  and  criticism  of 
the  Cartoons  contained   in  that  work.     So 
also  will  those  who  know  '  La  Tapisserie ' 
recall   the    reference    to    the    tapestry   for 
which  the  Cartoons  were  painted  ;  this  series 
is  known  as  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  there 
being  also  two  other  series  of  the  Raphael 
cycle   at  the  Vatican,  the  Scenes  from  the 
Life   of  Christ  and    the  Children   at  Play 
(the  Giuochi  di  Putti),  the  two  latter  copied 
from   designs   by   the   pupils   of  Raphael. 
The    '  Tapisserie,'   however,    is    a    general 
history  of  tapestry,  consequently  the  notices 
of  these  particular  examples  are  naturally 
condensed,    while    in    the   present  volume, 
besides  being  discussed  in  detail,  the  designs 
are  reproduced  in  text  illustrations.     When 
stating  the  end  and  aim  of  his  work,  M. 
Miintz  claims  with  pardonable  pride  : 

"C'est  la  premiere  fois  que  Ton  verra  reunis, 
en  reproductions  impeccables,  obtenues  a  l'aide 
des  proce"des  les  plus  perfectionne's,  les  cartons 
de  Londres  et  les  tapisseries  du  Vatican,  avec 
leurs  incomparables  bordures,  ainsi  que  les 
nombreuses  esquisses  originales  qui  ont  servi 
a  preparer  ces  chefs-d'oeuvre.  Mais  la  ne  se 
borne  pas  l'ambition  de  l'auteur  et  de  l'editeur  : 
lis  ont  groupe'autour  des  Actes  des  Apotres,  non 
seulement  tous  les  documents  graphiques  de 
nature  a  en  Judder  ou  a  en  completer  1'histoire, 
mais  encore  les  differentes  suites  qui  se  re'clament 
du  nom  de  Raphael  :  les  Scenes  de  la  Vie  du 
Christ,  les  Enfanta  jouant,  et  plusieurs  autres 
tentures  peu  connues  ou  meme  incites.  C'est 
(lone  un  veritable  corpvs  qui  est  offertau  lecteur. 
Raphael,  comnie  tout  ce  qui  est  grand  et  beau 
a  trouve"  des  de'tractcurs  en  cette  fin  de  sieclc! 
Leurs  attaques  ne  meritent  pas  do  nous  arreter 
(en  quoi  importent-elles  a  la  gloire  du  maitre  ?), 
mais  elles  ont  fourni  l'occasion  de  reprendre  a 
nouveau  l'analyse  du  cycle  pathe-fique  entre 
tous  qui  sappelle  les  Actes  des  Apotres.  !>,■ 
nombreux  documents,  ignores  jusqu'ici,  out 
I"' mis   de   rajeunir    un   theme   qui    paraissait 


89 


Students  of  the   art  of  Raphael  will  re- 
member that  the  known  drawings  and  studies 
from  his  hand  belonging  to  his  latest  period 
are  relatively  few,  especially  when  compared 
with  those  of  his  earlier  years.     The  few, 
however,  that  we  do   possess  exhibit   con- 
summate  mastery  of   drawing.     He   coidd 
still,  when  occasion  required,  by  the  flow  of 
that  exquisitely  delicate  line,  design  figures 
infused    with    a    refinement   of    sentiment 
recalling  the  virginal  purity  of    his    early 
Madonnas.     Or  when  the  motive  required 
the  displayof   energetic  action  we  see  at 
once  that  with  unerring  stroke  precisely  the 
right  point  is  reached.     He   never   missed 
his  grip,  or  weakened  its  hold  by  overstrain. 
Reproductions  of  a  few  of  the  drawings  of 
this  class  from  various  collections  are  given 
by  M.  Miintz,  and,  needless  to  say,  they  are 
of  infinite  service  in  studying  the  finished 
compositions.  In  the  same  way  the  insertion 
in   the   text   illustrations   of    ancient   work 
which   had   been   assimilated   by  Raphael, 
like  the  '  St.  Paul  visiting  Peter  in  Prison,' 
from   the    Brancacci    Chapel,    enables    the 
reader  at  a  glance  to  estimate  its  relation 
to    the   figures    in    the   Cartoons;    in   this 
instance  it  is,  of  course,  the  Apostle  in  the 
'Paul    preaching   at    Athens.'     The    same 
system  is  continued  in  the  examination  of 
the  Scenes  from  the  Life  of  Christ  and  the 
amorini    at   play.     Of    the    latter   series  a 
reproduction  of  eight  charming  panels  of 
tapestry  in  the   possession  of  the  Princess 
Mathilde  adds  considerably  to  the  interest 
of  the  volume. 

Respecting  the  reproductions  of  the  Car- 
toons themselves,  which  are  in  photogravure 
from  negatives  taken  at  South  Kensington 
Museum,  it  is  evident  that  no  pains  have 
been  spared  in  their  execution.  In  some 
qualities  of  the  design  a  degree  of 
accuracy  is  arrived  at  which  could  be 
obtained  by  no  other  method.  Certain 
qualities,  as  those  of  air  and  light  and 
colour,  can  never  be  attained  by  the  means 
of  printer's  ink,  although  they  may, 
perhaps,  be  suggested  by  the  hand  of  a 
skilful  engraver.  However,  in  whatever  form 
they  are  presented,  they  will  always  remain 
the  most  valued  and,  in  the  best  sense  of  the 
word,the  most  popular  productions  of  pictorial 
art.  Protestants  and  Catholics  alike  accept 
them  as  the  highest  representation  of  typical 
events  in  the  New  Testament  history.  They 
express  the  deepest  convictions  of  the  Chris- 
tian faith.  Their  appeal  to  the  heart  is 
more  simple  and  direct  than  any  words 
uttered  since  those  which  fell  from  the  lips 
of  the  Divine  Teacher. 

M.  Miintz  quotes  a  fine  appreciation  of 
the  Cartoons  from  the  pen  of  H.R.H.  tho 
Duke  d'Aumale  :  — 

"Les  cartons  qui  sont,  avec  les  marbres  du 
Parthenon,  ce  que  l'Angleterre  possede  de  plus 
beau  en  fait  d'art,  et  qui,  dans  l'ceuvre  de 
Raphael,  n'ont  peut-etre  de  supe'rieur  que  les 
'  Stances  '  du  Vatican." 


It  might,  perhaps,  be  advanced  that  in  some 
respects  they  touch  a  higher  point  than  the 
frescoes  of  tho  Stanze.  The  latter  scarcely 
reach  their  breadth  of  treatment  or  noblo 
simplicity  of  form,  nor  do  thoy  always 
display  the  dramatic  directness  of  inven- 
tion, nor,  surely,  their  sublime  pathos  of 
expression. 


THE    NEW   GALLERY. — WINTER   EXHIBITION. 

MR.    WATTS's   PICTURES. 

(Second  and  Concluding  Notice.) 

Resuming  our  notes,  we  may  start  from  the 
exquisitely  toned  portrait  of  Miss  May  Prinsep 
(No.  21);  and  passing  the  impressive  and  original 
Rider  on   the    White    Horse  (24),  Eider  on  the 
Bed  Horse  (28),  a  second  Rider  on  the    White 
Horse  (31),  and  The  Rider  on  the  Black  Horse 
(32),  a  fine  series  of  illustrations  of  the  Apoca- 
lypse, which  ends  with  the  Rider  on  the  Pale 
Horse  (36),  hardly  so  successful  a  work  as  its 
fellows,  and  yet  by  no  means  without  poetical 
feeling,  we   come   to   the  brilliant  and  solidly 
painted  portrait  (life-size,  half-length)  of  Blanche, 
Dowager  Countess  of  Airlie  (34),  which  illustrates 
the  influence  on  Mr.  Watts  of  the  art  of  other 
masters  than  Titian  and  Tintoret,  who  are  more 
especially  his  models.     In  No.  34  the  firmness 
and  crisp  modelling,  the  brightness  of  the  colora- 
tion, and  the  strength  of  the  local  colours  remind 
the  connoisseur  of  Bronzino's  polished  flesh  paint- 
ing, and  there  is  also  present  a  slight  infusion 
of  Bordone's  wealth  of  tone.     Very  natural  and 
lifelike  is  the  three-quarters-length  figure  (38) 
of    Miss   R.    Gurney  when  a  girl,    in   a   black 
dress,    leaning    with    one    shoulder    against    a 
wall  ;    and     Miss    Violet   Lindsay    (41)     is    a 
characteristic   portrait   of    a    lady  who  is  now 
known  as  the  Marchioness  of   Granby  and   is 
herself  an  accomplished  artist.     Except  for  a 
certain  weakness  in  the  expression,  suggestive 
of  a  less  strenuous  and  masculine  character  than 
his   ever   was,   the   profile,   life-size   Sir  J.  E. 
Millais  (42),  painted  in  1871,  is  one  of  the  best 
likenesses  extant  of  the  great  artist  we  lately 
lost.     Comparing  it  with  a  photograph  taken  in 
the  same  year  of  Sir  John,  which  now  lies  before 
us,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  assert  that,  in  spite  of 
the  deficiency  mentioned  above,  nowhere  in  the 
exhibition  is  there   a  more   faithful  and   sym- 
pathetic picture  than  No.  42.     The  painting  of 
the  flesh  is  not  unlike  Millais 's  own  method  of 
treating  the  carnations ;  certainly  it  could  not  be 
fresher  or  more  lifelike.    Altogether  less  success- 
ful, on  the  other  hand,  is  the  portrait  of  Millais's 
forerunner    in  the  Presidency,  Lord   Leighton 
(45),  a  work  of   1890,  in  which  the  surface  is 
rougher  and   the    flesh    painting   is    decidedly 
more  opaque.      The   picture   is   less   luminous 
than    Mr.     Watts's    usually   are,    but    it   is    a 
faithful     likeness     of     Leighton     as     he     was 
six    years    ago  ;     it    shows    how    deeply    time 
and    suffering    had    even  then    told   upon  the 
handsome    and  once   robust  man.      Somewhat 
austere  and  imperious,  the   expression  of   the 
face  and  attitude  is  quite  in  harmony  with  the 
dignity  of  the  doctor's  robe  of  red,  and  may, 
under  the  circumstances,   be  true  to  the  life  ; 
but  it  does  not  express  the  Leighton  of    the 
Academy,  of  society,  and  of    his   own  studio. 
The  look  of  reverie  on  the  face  of  Mr.  Glad- 
stone is   less   manifest  than   usual  in  No.   44, 
which  shows  him  in  a  genial  and  placable  mood. 
Passing,   for  the  moment,   a  group   of   alle- 
gories, landscapes,  portraits,  and  two  or  three 
fanciful  themes,  we  come  to    the    capital  like- 
ness in  profile  to  our  left,  painted  in  18(50,  of 
the  Duke  of  Argyll  (75),   which  is   not   to  be 
overlooked,  although  close  to  it  hangs  the  still 
more  vigorous  portrait  of  Mr.  William  Morris 
(78),   which  could   hardly  be  finer,  and,  being 
pointed  in  1880,  depicts  the  poet  at  his    best. 
Equally    happy    as    a    likeness   and   as   a    pic- 
ture, more  subtle,  as  it   must  needs  be,  being  a 
rendering  of  a    character   more    complex    and 
therefore  more  difficult  to  paint,  is  Sir  K.  Bume- 
Jones  (80),  which   is  certainly  one  of  its  artist's 
masterpieces.     Mr.  Watts  lias  not  done  justice 
to  himself  in  No.  83,  a  work  of  1804.     No.  80, 
Algernon   0.  Swinburne,  also  fails,  to  a  certain 
extent,  as  a  likeness,  because  it  gives  the  idea  of 

a  more  robust  physique  as  well  as  a  less  highly- 
strung  temperament  than  that  of  the  author  of 
'  Atalanta  in  Calydon.' 
One  of  tho  most  important  of  Mr.   Watts's 


00 


T  II  E     A  Til  KNjEUM 


N°3G12,  Jan.  16/97 


portraits  <'f  ladies  is  the  life-size,  full-lengtb, 
iding  figure  of  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Percy  n  ynd- 
ham  ('.»•'>),  in  a  bronae  green  dress brocaded  with 
Bunflowere  in  dead  gold.  Tainted  in  1877, 
this    Lb  a  noble  example  of  the  artist's  most 

powerful     mood;    his    masterly     troatmont    of 
the    masses    of    colour  and    tone    is    especially 
conspicuous,     and     the    style    of    the     portrait 
cannot  bo  better  described  than  as  sumptuous, 
broad,  and  simple.     The  painting  of  the  flesh  is 
remarkable  for  its  solidity,  force,  and  the  fineness 
of  its  morbidezza.     One  of  the  most  celebrated 
beauties  Mr.    Watts   has  painted  is  admirably, 
if  not  quite  adequately  represented  in  the  bril- 
liant whole-length,  seated,  and   life-size   figure 
of  The  Countess  Somen  (103),  the  '  Virginia  'of 
other    fine    portraits  of    his.      Wearing  a    silk 
dress  of    a  bright  strong  blue,  and  holding  a 
peacock  fan  in  its  left  hand,  this  figure  excels 
most    even    of    those   of    the   painter's   works 
which  owe  much  to  the  unusual  brilliance  and 
gaiety  of  their  colours.     One   of  his  beautiful 
fife-size  portraits   in   chalk  (none    of    which  is 
exhibited    here)     represents    the    countess    in 
the    very    prime    of    her  beauty.     A    faithful 
likeness    and    almost    perfect     piece    of    flesh 
painting     is     the     half-length,     life-size     por- 
trait of  Mr.    Walter  Crane  (110),   executed  in 
1891,  which  proves  how  wonderfully  the  artist 
then  retained  those  powers  which  were  at  their 
acme  a  quarter  of  a  century  before.     Such  long- 
enduring  vigour  is  an  astonishing   fact  in  the 
history  °oi  our  painter.     It  can  be  said  of  no 
other   master,    except    Titian,    that    his    hand 
preserved  its  firmness  and  felicity  of  painting  so 
late  in  life.     Mr.  Watts  has  not  subsequently 
surpassed   this  fine  picture  of  his   friend.     Of 
course,    he    has,    even    since    1891,    exhibited 
some  noteworthy  pictures,  but  none  better. 

An  interesting  and  good  portrait  in  the 
North  Room,  painted  in  1874,  and  best  known 
from  Rajon's  fine  etching,  represents  the 
Rev.  James  Martineau  (125)  in  a  sympathetic 
manner.  A  much  later  picture,  the  character- 
reading  and  art  of  which  justify  what  we 
have  said  about  the  unabated  powers  of  the 
artist,  is  the  capital  likeness  of  the  Marquess 
of  Dufferin  (128)  in  a  fur  coat.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  see  side  by  side  No.  132, 
an  unfinished  portrait  of  Sir  R.  Burton,  and 
Leighton's  likeness  of  the  same  great  traveller, 
the°  latest  addition  to  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery,  which  is  now  (No.  48)  in  Burling- 
ton House.  This  is  the  last  of  the  painted 
portraits  in  this  exhibition.  In  the  Balcony 
may  be  seen  a  large  number  of  excellent 
photographs  by  Mr.  Hollyer  from  many  of  the 
pictures  which  are  here  and  some  which  are 
not. 

It  would  be  unjust  to  Mr.  Watts  if  we  con- 
fined    our    attention    to    his    portraits    while 
there    is    before  us   a   considerable  proportion 
of  those   allegories    to   which    his    "prefatory 
note"    in    the    Catalogue    refers    the    visitor. 
Nor  would  it  be  right  to  omit  the  praise  due 
to  the  charming  exhibition  of  playful  fancy  in 
the  illustrations  of  poetic  legends  and  historic 
incidents  which   adorn  these  galleries.     There 
are  also  on  these  walls  some  fine  landscapes, 
conceived   not   in   the   realistic  manner   which 
has     obtained    favour     in     this     country    and 
France     since     the    time    of    Constable,    but 
according   to  the   eclectic    mode  which   agrees 
best  with  the  artist's  mind  and  taste.     Of  the 
playful  fancies,  the  earliest  is  the  animated  and 
pretty   "  JIow  should  J  your  true  love  know?" 
(10)  which  dates  from  1841.      Una  and  the  Red 
Cross  Knight   (16)  possesses   Spenserian   grace 
and    the   true    romantic    spirit.     Indeed,   it  is 
the  best  of    Mr.  Watts's  illustrations  of  'The 
Faery  Qucene.'     The  colouring  of  the  picture 
enhances  its  charm.     Britomart  and  her  Nurse 
(98),  a  life-size  group  placed  before  the  magic 
mirror,    though   a    more  complex   subject  and 
not    so    direct    a    rendering,    is    as  a    picture 
finer  than  No.   10,  and  it  tells  its  story  with 
still   more  power,  although,  to   our  taste,  the 


martial   virgin's  face    lacks    resolution    and    that 

expression  of  enthusiasm  is  absent  which  we 

expect   in  her.     The  fact  is,    few  of    us   realize 

Bntomart  in  love. 

Uldra  (27)  and  The  Nixies'  Foster  Daughter 
(35)  are  examples  of  the  painter's  way  of  look- 
ing at  Scandinavian  legends  and  of  his  habit  of 
treating  them  in  an  eclectic  manner.  I  Mia 
is  the  spirit  of  the  iris  that  spans  the 
waterfall,  and  the  subject  afforded  the  artist 
an  opportunity  for  contrasting  the  vivid  hues 
of  the  rainbow  itself,  the  whiteness  of  the 
rushing  stream,  and  the  gloom  of  the  storm 
clouds  behind  the  half-naked  spirit. 

Rain  Passing  Away  (58)  possesses  grandeur 
such  as  few  would  look  for  in  so  simple  a  land- 
scape. It  depicts  a  plateau  so  wide  that,  as 
Patmore  wrote, 

The  rainbow  wholly  stands  within  its  lordly  bounds. 
Under  this  prodigious  arch  of  light  and  colour 
we  have  a  view  which  suggests  the  hand  of 
Ruysdael  or  De  Koningh.  The  telling  effect  and 
dignity  of  the  whole  is  greatly  aided  by  the 
majestic  conception  embodied  in  the  mass  of 
white  cumuli  behind  the  bow.  Neptune's 
Horses  (59)  is  another  and  much  more  recent 
attempt  to  use  natural  means  for  the  expression 
of  abstract  ideas,  without  absolutely  repro- 
ducing the  colours  and  forms  of  nature,  or,  at 
the  sa°me  time,  completely  departing  from  them. 
Upon  the  whole  this  picture  is  a  most  impressive 
and  weird  example  of  what  a  painter  who  is 
also  something  of  a  poet  can  produce  with 
materials  which  to  most  men  seem  prosaic 
enough,  if  not  commonplace.  Of  course, 
nothing  is  more  common  than  to  liken  breaking 
waves  to  the  horses  of  Neptune  ;  but  it  is  the 
mysterious  wizardry  of  the  moonlight,  the  half- 
veiled  sky,  the  formless  mist,  and  the  in- 
scrutable darkness  of  the  vast  ocean  that  com- 
bine to  exalt  eclectic  landscape,  when  painted 
by  one  whose  watchword  is,  "I  paint  ideas 
rather  than  facts."  _ 

The  Childhood  of  Jupiter  (60),  practically  the 
latest    of    Mr.   Watts's    exhibited    pictures— it 
was  painted  only  last  year— is  already  familiar 
to  our  readers.     Suffice  it  to  say  that  it  is  a 
fine  piece  of  colour  which  reminds  us  of  Rey- 
nolds, but  that  the  drawing  is  less  perfect  than 
usual.       Olympus  on   Ida  (68)   gave  our  artist 
opportunities    for     displaying    the    power    he 
has   often   exercised  of  treating  such  subjects. 
Truly   classical    in    a    sense    more    applicable 
to  art  of  the  later  Renaissance  than  to  that  of 
antiquity,  this   fine,   but   hardly    finished  pic- 
ture   is  conceived    in  Mr.   Watts's   least    con- 
ventional  strain.     In   this   respect   it   may   be 
classed   with   The  Birth  of  Eve  (87)  ;  the  beau- 
tiful and  tenderly   dreaming  Psyche  (88)  ;  the 
passionate  and  masterly  Orpheus  and  Eurydice 
(92)  ;  the  Daphne  (93),  fading  away  in  deathly 
pallors,  a  wonder  of  refined  and  graceful  execu- 
tion ;   and  the  sculpturesque  face  of  The  TI  ife 
of    Pygmalion    (77),    a     piece    of     solid     and 
splendid    flesh    painting.     No   piece   here  is  a 
choicer  example  of    this   mood    than  the  very 
fine  Diana  and  Endymion  (101),  of  which  there 
is,  by  the  way,  a  fine  print.     Here  the  dark 
and    fluttering   robes    of    the   goddess   hover- 
ing, before    she    kisses   him,  above   her   lover 
sleeping  on  the  ground,  the  exquisite  ivory  of 
her  flesh  in  which  some  roses  are  latent,  the 
sweetness  and  ardour    of   her   expression,   the 
grace  and  naturalness  of  her  attitude,  not  less 
than  the  comeliness  and  strength  of  the  sleeper, 
are  admirable  points.     Europa  (104)  reminds  us 
throughout  of  Titian.     Ariadne  in  Naxos  (113) 
is  a  thoroughly  characteristic  example  of  a  great 
painter   heroically   striving   against   the   sordid 
influences  of  his  time. 

That  enthusiasm  which  has  never  failed  to  spur 
Mr.  Watts  to  noble  efforts  is  also  manifest  in 
a  few  pictures  of  a  nondescript  kind,  the  most 
striking  of  which  is  a  large  work  of  1849,  an 
apologue  rather  than  an  allegory,  which  he  calls 
Life  s Illusions  (64).  It  represents  Beauty,  Hope, 
Ambition,  and  other  types  of  human  aims  in  life 


Boating  before  a  cavalier  in  armour  who  chases 
B    "  rainbow  -  tinted    bubble    of     gl'-ry/'       As 
Clitics,  we  are  most  concerned  with  the  wealth 
of  colour,  the  strength  of   chiaroscuro,  and   the 
noble  sense  of  style  for  which  this  striking  work 
is  remarkable.     Most  of  all,  technically  sn 
Log,  do  we  admire  the  masterly  painting  of  the 
life-size,  naked    figure  of   the  genius  of   Beauty. 
Mr.  Watts  knew  his  subject  too  well  to  fall  into 
the  common  error  of   representing  as  a  spectre 
that  which  was  solid  in  the  eyes  of  his  cavalier. 
As   to  the    large  allegories   which    occupy  so 
considerable  a   portion    of    the   walls   of    these 
galleries,  it  is  not  necessary  that  we  should  do 
more  than  refer  the  reader  to  the  interesting 
apologia  offered  by  the  artist    in  the  prefatory 
note     to     the     Catalogue.      It     contains    his 
explanation   of    his  devotion  to  them  of  much 
of    his   life    and    powers.       To    add    anything 
further,    whether   we    agree    with    him    or   not 
on    the    subject,    would   be   quite   superfluous. 
Suffice     it,    then,    to     name    those    allegories 
which,     on    technical    grounds,    deserve    most 
of     the     visitor's    attention  :      Mischief    (79), 
which,  as  a  picture,  allies   itself    with   '  Life's 
Illusions,'  and  the  almost  as  noteworthy  Fata 
Morgana  (84),  Lore  and  Death  (126),  The  Cmirt 
of  Death  (135),  The  Spirit  of  Christianity  (136), 
and  Time,  Death,  and  Judgment  (144). 

gMt-Qxi  gossip. 
The  Burlington  Club  has  formed  a  numerous 
and  representative  collection  of  the  water 
colours  of  A.  W.  Hunt,  to  which  any  one 
fortunate  enough  to  obtain  a  member's  ticket 
will  be  admitted.— Today  (Saturday)  has  been 
appointed  by  the  Fine-Art  Society  for  the 
private  view  of  an  exhibition  of  water-colour 
drawings  of  English  landscape  by  Mr.  Thome 
Waite,  to  see  which  the  public  will  be  admitted 
on  Monday  next. 

Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woons  sold  on 
the  9th  and  13th  inst.  the  following  :  T.  Barker, 
'  Woody  Landscapes,'  with  figures,  a  pair.  189?. 
Engravings  :  '  The  Hoppner  Children  '  and  J  The 
Douglas  Children,'  after  Hoppner,  by  J.  Ward, 
Sol  ;  '  Duchess  of  Devonshire,'  after  Downman, 
in  colours,  311. ;  '  Mrs.  Siddons,'  after  Downman, 
in  colours,  291.  ;  'St.  James's  Park  andTea 
Gardens,'  after  Morland,  in  colours,  o4Z.  ; 
'Party  Angling,'  and  'The  Anglers'  Repast, 
461  •  '  Almeida,'  by  W.  Ward,  and  '  St.  James's 
Beauty,'  after  J.  H.  Ben  well,  by  F.  Bartolozzi, 
in  colours,  25L 

All  lovers  of  the  toreutic  art,  as  well  as  all 
English  admirers  of  Benvenuto  Cellini,  will  be 
alad  to  hear  that  Mrs.  George  Simonds  has  just 
finished  her  translation  of  Benvenuto's  two 
treatises  on  goldsmithery  and  bronze-found- 
in"-.  The  text  she  has  used  for  this  pur- 
pose is  that  published  in  Florence,  1568  ;  in 
the  technicalities  of  her  subject  the  lady  has 
had  the  advantage  of  her  husband's  artistic 
ability  and  practical  knowledge.  These  treatises 
have  not  been  translated  before  into  English, 
and  they  acquire  an  additional  charm  because 
they  serve  as  a  sort  of  supplement  to  Cellini's 
own  delectable  account  of  the  casting  of  his 
'Perseus.' 

We  have  it  on  the  best  authority  that  not 
500/  or  less— as  we  have  always  understood, 
and  stated  last  week— but  600L  was  the  price 
Lord  Leighton  received  from  Her  Majesty  for 
'Cimabue's  Madonna  carried  through  Florence. 
Mr.  Bella  writes  from  25,  Soho  Square,  W. : 
"  Might  1  ask  you  to  be  so  kind  as  to  rectify  in 
vour  next  issue  the  statement  in  the  current  one 
that  the  pictures  exhibited  at  'The 23 'Gallery  are 
attributed  to  MM.  Menzel  (Hon.  R.A),  Toulouse- 
Lautrec,  and  L.  Legrand  ?  As  they  are  originals  in 
each  case,  the  present  statement  is  calculated  to 
impair  the  artistic  value  of  the  exhibition.' 
We  should  be  sorry  to  impugn  the  genuineness 
of  the  pictures.  As  we  have  not  seen  them,  we 
did  not  dream  of  doing  so. 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


91 


Don  Juan  F.  Riano  writes  to  us  : — 
"A  mould  has  been  taken  for  the  first  time  of 
the  statue  of  Meleager  in  the  Madrid  Gallery,  which 
belonged  to  Christine,  Queen  of  Sweden.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  best  copy  existing  of  the  '  Diadu- 
menus  '  of  Polycletus.  Casts  can  be  had  by  applying 
to  the  Secretary  of  the  Koyal  Academy  of  San 
Fernando,  Alcala  11,  Madrid.  The  price  is  100  francs." 

We  trust  the  French  nation,  who  may  see  his 
'Haidee  and  Don  Juan,'  which,  we  understand, 
has  been  accepted  by  the  authorities  of  the 
Louvre,  will  not  judge  of  the  powers  and 
technical  skill  of  Ford  Madox  Brown  by  it. 
It  is  a  bequest  of  the  late  Miss  Blind,  who 
was  ill  advised  when  she  offered  it.  It  is,  under 
the  circumstances,  due  to  the  reputation  of  the 
painter  and  of  the  English  School  —  already 
unhappily  and  inadequately  represented  in 
Paris — that  we  should  say  this. 

The  Chronique  des  Arts  of  the  9th  inst.  con- 
tains an  important  article  by  M.  Salomon 
Reinach  on  the  discovery  and  condition  when 
found  of  the  statue  of  the  'Venus '  of  Milo.  The 
learned  author  succeeds  in  clearing  away  much 
confusion  which  has  gathered  about  the  matter, 
although  he  does  not  otherwise  add  to  our 
knowledge  of  the  provenance  of  the  statue,  its 
attitude  when  perfect  (a  much  debated  point), 
and  the  intention  of  the  sculptor  to  whom  the 
world  is  indebted  for  the  finest  female  statue. 

A  memorial  to  Elie  Delaunay  has  been  placed 
in  the  museum  of  Nantes,  his  native  city.  In 
it  is  inserted  a  medallion  likeness  of  the  painter 
(in  white  marble)  by  M.  Chaplain. 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  James's  Hall.— Popular  Concerts. 
Queen's  Hall.— Promenade  Concerts. 

Schumann's  'Marchenbilder,'  Op.  113, 
consisting  of  four  movements  originally 
composed  for  pianoforte  and  viola,  the  part 
for  the  stringed  instrument  being  frequently 
taken  by  the  violin  or  violoncello,  was  per- 
formed as  first  written  on  Saturday  afternoon 
last  at  St.  James's  Hall,  the  executants  being 
Mile.  Ilona  Eibenschiitz  and  Mr.  Alfred 
Gibson.  The  charming  pianist  interpreted 
three  of  Scarlatti's  pieces  with  all  requisite 
crispness  and  purity  of  style ;  and  Beet- 
hoven's perennial  Septet  in  e  flat,  Op.  20, 
concluded  the  programme.  Mrs.  Helen 
Trust  was  judicious  in  her  selection  of 
French  and  German  songs,  and  artistic  in 
their  execution. 

On  Monday  Schubert's  Octet,  Op.  166, 
formed  the  central  feature,  and  was  magni- 
ficently interpreted  by  Lady  Halle,  and 
Messrs.  Ries,  Gibson,  Clinton,  Paersch, 
Wotton,  Reynolds,  and  Piatti.  Perhaps  on 
no  previous  occasion  has  this  work,  which, 
if  not  specially  characteristic  of  the  com- 
poser, is  a  masterpiece  in  respect  of  melody 
and  general  beauty,  been  given  more 
effectively.  Tho  programme  was  headed 
by  Beethoven's  Sonata  in  a  for  pianoforte 
and  violoncello,  Op.  69,  which  was  perfectly 
played  by  Mile.  Eibenschiitz  and  Signor 
Piatti ;  and  the  last  item  consisted  of  three 
trifling  pianoforte  pieces  by  the  Scandi- 
navian composer  Ole  Olsen,  who,  as  wo  said 
on  a  former  occasion,  seems  to  be  treading 
in  the  footsteps  of  Grieg.  Mile.  Eibenschiitz 
played  tho  little  compositions  charmingly, 
and  wo  should  liko  to  hear  her  on  tho  next 
occasion  in  some  work  of  greater  importance. 

It  can  scarcely  be  said  that  the  music  of 
the  Russian  composer  Alexander  Dargo- 
raij'&y.  who  was  born  in  181. '3  and  died  in 
I889j  is  familiar  in  this  country.      Judging 


from  the  piquant  and  well-scored  trifle 
'  Cosatchoque,'  which  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  Queen's  Hall  programme  last 
Saturday  evening,  the  deceased  writer  may 
take  a  fair  place  among  the  composers  of 
the  younger  Russian  school.  He  wrote 
three  operas,  the  third  of  which,  entitled 
'  The  Stone  Guest,'  is  based  upon  the 
same  legend  as  Mozart's  '  Don  Giovanni,' 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able and  advanced  works  of  the  new  Mus- 
covite school.  Doubtless  we  shall  hear  more 
of  Dargomijsky's  music  in  due  course. 
Another  novelty  on  Saturday  was  a  series 
of  four  ballet  movements  from  Delibes's  last 
and  unfinished  opera  '  Kassya,'  which  did 
not  win  favour  in  Paris,  notwithstanding 
the  general  popularity  of  the  French  com- 
poser's music.  Only  the  first  act  and  a  few 
pages  of  the  second  had  been  scored,  and 
the  completion  of  the  task  was  undertaken 
by  M.  Massenet,  who,  judging  from  the 
present  example,  dealt  with  Delibes's  light 
and  delicate  music  in  a  somewhat  too  strenu- 
ous fashion,  that  is  to  say,  making  too 
liberal  use  of  brass  and  percussion.  Other 
items  contributed  by  Mr.  Henry  J.  Wood's 
fine  orchestra  were  the  introduction  to  the 
third  act  of  '  Tannhauser,'  and  a  familiar 
selection  from  the  third  act  of  '  Die  Meister- 
singer.'  The  Concord  Part-Singers,  a  quartet 
of  male  voices,  created  a  favourable  im- 
pression. 

Musical  (JlxrsKig'. 

Reference  to  our  musical  calendar  will  show 
that  the  opening  week  of  the  brief  operatic 
season  of  the  Carl  Rosa  Company  at  the  Garrick 
Theatre,  commencing  next  Monday,  is  rich  in 
interest,  culminating  on  Wednesday  in  the  first 
performance  in  London  of  Benjamin  Godard's 
'La  Vivandiere.' 

The  first  instalment  of  Rubinstein's  "  literary 
remains  "  has  appeared  in  the  journal  Vom  Fels 
zum  Meer,  under  the  title  of  '  Gedankenkorb. ' 
It  consists  of  a  number  of  aphorisms,  the  most 
characteristic  of  which  is,  perhaps,  the  follow- 
ing pessimistic  remark:  "To  the  Jews,"  says 
Rubinstein,  "I  am  a  Christian,  to  the  Chris- 
tians a  Jew  ;  to  the  Russians  I  am  a  German, 
to  the  Germans  a  Russian  ;  to  the  classical 
musicians  I  am  a  Zukiinftler,  and  to  the 
Zukunftler  a  '  retrograder. '  Conclusion  :  I  am 
neither  fish  nor  flesh — a  pitiable  individual." 

The  244th  concert  of  the  South  Place 
Ethical  Society,  Finsbury,  next  Sunday  even- 
ing, will  be  devoted  in  part  to  the  music  of 
Schubert,  in  view  of  the  centenary  of  the  com- 
poser's birth,  now  close  at  hand.  The  Piano- 
forte Trio  in  b  flat,  Op.  99,  and  the  Pianoforte 
Duet,  Op.  84,  are  in  the  programme.  One  or 
more  items  by  this  master  will  be  included  in 
all  the  remaining  concerts  of  the  season,  and 
on  the  actual  anniversary,  the  31st  inst.,  the 
programme  will  consist  entirely  of  Schubert's 
compositions,  including  the  Octet  in  f.  Mr. 
Plunket  Greene  will  be  the  vocalist  on  this 
occasion. 

It  would  seem  that  Herr  August  Bungert's 
1  Odysseus'  Heimkehr,'  the  third  part  of  a  tetra- 
logy, has  very  great  merit,  if  one  may  judge  by 
the  verdict  of  the  Dresden  critics,  for  the  score 
is  not  as  yet  to  hand.  'The  Homeric  World' 
is  the  title  of  the  complete  work,  which,  when 
placed  before  musicians,  will  doubtless  command 
attention,  for  Herr  Bungert  is  said  by  com- 
petent judges  to  have  the  capacity  to  utilize 
Wagnerian  methods  with  taste  and  skill. 

Somewhat  characteristic  information  as  to 
opera  reaches  us  from  Chicago.  Tho  Wagner 
performances  have  an  Italian,  Signor  Mancinelli, 


as  conductor.  The  Theodore  Thomas  orchestra 
has  been  engaged,  a  Polish  tenor  and  an  Austra- 
lian soprano  will  sing  in  German,  and  the 
chorus  in  Italian.  This  may  fairly  be  deemed 
polyglot  opera. 

The  announcements  of  the  current  series  of 
performances  by  the  Apollo  Musical  Club  in 
Chicago  at  any  rate  afford  some  evidence  that 
the  cause  of  high-class  music  is  not  altogether 
hopeless  in  the  Western  city.  According  to  the 
prospectus,  two  performances  of  '  The  Messiah  ' 
were  given  on  December  21st  and  23rd  ;  '  The 
Rose  of  Sharon'  is  to  be  heard  on  February  11th, 
and  Dvorak's  'Stabat  Mater'  and  Goring 
Thomas's  cantata  '  The  Swan  and  the  Skylark ' 
at  the  final  concert  of  the  season. 


Mow. 
Ties. 


Fri. 

Sat. 


PERFORMANCES    NEXT  WEEK. 
Orchestral  Concert,  3.30,  Queen's  Hall. 
National  Sunday  League  Conceit.  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  South  Place  Ethical  Society,  7.  Finshury. 
Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7.30,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  8.  St  James's  Hall 

Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,  '  Tannhiiuser,'  Garrick  Theatre. 
Mr.  F  Lamond's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 
Carl  Rosa   Opera    Company,    '  Romeo  and  Juliet,'  8,  Garrick 

Theatre. 
M.  Slivinski's  Pianoforte  Recital.  3.  St  James's  Hall. 
Mr  G.  H.  Mackern's  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall 
Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,  '  La  Vivandiere,'  8,  Garrick  Theatre. 
Mr  Paul  Stoeving's  violin  Recital,  8,  Steinway  Hall. 
Miss  Griffith's  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
Mr.  Lawrence  Kellie's  Vocal  Recital,  8,  Steinway  Hall, 
Royal  Choral  Society,  Schubert's  '  Song  of  Miriam '  and  '  Israel 

in  Egypt,'  8,  Albert  Hall 
Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,  'Faust,' 8,  Garrick  Theatre. 
Herr  Theodor  Werner's  Violin  Recital,  3,  St  James's  Hall. 
Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,   'The  Mastersingers,'   8,  Garrick 

Theatre. 
London  Ballad  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  3,  St  James's  Hall 

People's  Palace  Choral  Society,  '  The  Golden  Legend,'  7  15. 
Orchestral  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 
Carl  Rosa  Opera  Company,  '  Mignon,'  8,  Garrick  Theatre. 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Shaftesbury. — 'The  Sorrows  of  Satan,' a  Play  in  Four 
Acts.  Adapted  by  Herbert  Woodgate  and  Paul  M.  Berton 
from  the  Novel  by  Marie  Corelli. 

The  adaptation  of  '  The  Sorrows  of 
Satan '  has  the  advantage  over  the  book 
that  it  is  not  wholly,  nor  even  mainly,  self- 
advertisement.  When  deprived  of  her  comic 
environment  and  of  her  royal  patronage, 
and  no  longer  occupied  in  singing  pious 
hymns  in  her  own  honour,  Miss  Mavis 
Clare,  as  she  is  called,  plays  a  notably 
insignificant  part  in  her  own  drama,  the 
interest  of  which  centres,  as  it  rightly 
should,  in  Lady  Sibyl,  absurdly  misnamed 
Lady  Sybil.  This  not  too  fascinating  type 
of  modern  womanhood,  as  conceived  by  a 
modern  woman,  has  to  be  let  down  many 
pegs.  In  the  novel  she  is  described  in  the 
erotic  strain  familiar  in  feminine  fiction, 
"her  eyes  alit  with  rapture,  her  lips  trem- 
bling with  passion,  her  bosom  heaving." 
We  hear  in  poetry  of  "  Woman  wailing  for 
her  demon  lover."  In  Miss  Corelli's  prose 
she  does  not  wail — she  hungers,  hungers  for 
the  kisses  of  his  lips,  hungers  for  tho  clasp 
of  his  arms.  This  state  of  famine  is,  fortu- 
nately, not  exhibited  on  the  stage,  whereon 
we  hear  a  poor  love-sick  creature,  whilo 
listening  to  the  bitter  scorn  of  the  being 
by  whom  her  senses  have  been  surprised, 
moaning  piteously,  "  I  love  you,  I  love 
you,"  with  monotonous  iteration.  This 
deprives  tho  story  of  a  portion  of  its  coarse- 
ness, but  is  not  theatrically  effective.  Miss 
Granville,  who  played  the  part,  was  appa- 
rently tortured  by  nervousness,  and  pro- 
bably will  in  time  mako  more  of  it  than  sho 
at  first  did.  Tho  death  scene  takes  place, 
necessarily,  on  the  stage,  from  tho  effect  of 
somo  slow  corrosive  poison.  The  iv.ouiont 
before  her  eyes  close,  Rimanez,  otherwise 
Lucifer,  favours  her  with  a  torrifyin^  glimpso 
of  his  real  featuros  or  appearanco,  and  she 


92 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


dies  in  tho  rain  attempt  to  speak  hie  name. 
An  experience  kindred  to  this  is,  it  will  l>o 
remembered,   afforded  in  tho   book  to    the 
sordid  mother  of  a  moro  sordid  daughter. 
This  scene,  played  well  in  tho  main,  lifted 
the   play  to  tho   highest  point  it  attained. 
The  action  in  the  closing  scene  is  ineffective; 
tho   diabolic    terrors  do    not    impress,   and 
the   ma»ner   in   which    Geoffrey    Tempest, 
having  proved  himself  base,  selfish,  pitiful, 
and  depraved,  is  bidden  at  sword's    point 
accept  another  chance,  is  incongruous  and 
almost  grotesque.     The  play  is  not  wholly 
bad  any  more  than  the  novel.    It  has  scenes 
that  aro  theatrically  effective,  and  there  are 
points  at  which  it  seizes  on  the  imagination. 
The  worst  point  about  it  is  the  attempt  to 
supply  comic  relief.     This  is  the  one  abso- 
lutely jarring  note  in  the  play.  The  scenes  in 
which  this  is  done  are  both  conventional  and 
ridiculous.     Mr.  Bentham  and  Mr.  Ellis,  to 
whose  care  the  hero  entrusts  his  millions, 
have  stepped  out  of  Strand  farce,  and  the 
Duke    of    Launceston    belongs    to    Gaiety 
burlesque.      Mr.  Waller's   presentation   of 
Rimanez  realizes  fairly  well  the  character 
of    the  fiend  as  conceived  by  Miss  Corelli 
after   Milton.     He  has  not,  of   course,  the 
splendid   physical    stature   and   beauty   on 
which  Miss   Corelli  insists,  and   "no  deep 
scars  of  thunder"   have  "intrenched"  his 
face.     He  looks,  however,  picturesque  and 
fateful,  and  acts  and  speaks  with  the   re- 
quisite mixture  of  cynicism  and  earnestness. 
The   speech    descriptive    of    his    own    fall 
should,    instead    of     being    conventionally 
though   effectively  declaimed,   have   begun 
conversationally.       After    a    time,    as     he 
summoned    back    his    memories,    the    de- 
clamatory style  might  be  adopted.     In  the 
book  no  attempt  is  made  to  present  any  of 
the  marks  of  diabolic  descent.     His  feet  are 
shapely ;    the   horns   and   tail   with    which 
mediaeval    imagination    invested    him    are 
non-existent    or    carefully   concealed ;    and 
he    is    only   distinguished    from    ordinary 
humanity   by  his   larger  stature,  shapelier 
proportions,      and      nobler      mien.        Mr. 
Waller   attempts   a  compromise.     He  fur- 
nishes   one    proof    of    diabolic    origin    in 
sharp  animal  ears  such  as   are  sometimes 
ascribed  to  the  great  god  Pan.  This  is  prac- 
tically needless,  perhaps  even  discordant.  It 
is,  however,  far  less  obtrusive  than  are  the 
cock's  feather    and  other  diabolic  sugges- 
tions  ordinarily   assigned   Mephistopheles. 
No    other    character    except     Rimanez     is 
of    much    importance.      When    the    puis- 
sant   moral     graces    of    Mavis    Clare    no 
longer    combat    on    the     side    of     virtue, 
one  wonders  from  what  galley  Miss  Corelli 
drew  the  despicable  and  sinister  personages 
by  which  her  action  is  supported.  With  the 
exception  of  Mavis  herself  and  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  who  is  dragged  into  the  novel  by 
the  neck  and  shoulders,  there  is  not  a  cha- 
racter of  average  respectability  or  worth  to  be 
seen.  In  assigning  to  Miss  Sheridan  the  cha- 
racter of  the  "  milk-white  dove  trooping  with 
crows"   the  management  does  not  seem  to 
have    been    very    happily    inspired.      The 
character   was    quite    ineffective.     One    or 
two    cynical    speeches    of    Rimanez    went 
well    with    the    public.      The     advice     to 
Geoffrey,  after  the  detection  of  his  wife's 
infidelity,  to  go  on  a  tiger-hunting  expedi- 
tion in  India,  coupled  with  the  remark,  "It 
is  what  a  great  many  men  do  when  their 


wives  forget  themselves  :  several  well- 
known  husbands  are  abroad  just  now," 
elicited  a  roar  of  laughter.  Here  is  a  hint 
to  tho  adapters  as  to  the  kind  of  comic 
relief  they  should  seek,  supposing  such  to 
be  necessary. 

$ramatir  (gossip. 

Thoroughly  conventional  are  the  lines  on 
which  '  A  Pierrot's  Life '  is  constructed.  It 
shows  Pierrot  timid  in  love-making,  a  roue  and 
gambler  after  marriage,  leaving  his  wife,  and 
coming  back,  penitent  and  ashamed,  to  sue  for 
and  obtain  pardon.  The  graceful  movements  of 
Mile.  Litini  as  Pierrot  and  the  comic  method 
of  Signor  Egidio  Rossi  commended  it  to  the 
public,  and  its  reception  at  the  Prince  of  Wales's 
was  enthusiastic.  It  is  asserted  in  the  score,  and 
has  been  repeated  in  some  quarters,  that  the 
play  first  saw  the  light  at  the  Theatre  De"jazet 
on  January  4th,  1893.  In  fact,  it  was  produced 
on  the  afternoon  of  December  29th,  1892.  The 
matter  is  of  very  little  importance  ;  but  accuracy 
is,  after  all,  good  in  its  way. 

Miss  Ellen  Terry  will  reappear  at  the 
Lyceum  on  the  23rd  in  'Cymbeline.'  A  revival 
of  '  Olivia  '  will  follow,  and  hold  possession  of 
the  boards  during  the  rehearsals  of  '  Madame 
Sans-Gene.' 

'The  Free  Pardon,'  a  drama  by  Messrs. 
Phillips  and  Merrick,  will  be  the  next  novelty 
at  the  Olympic,  at  which  '  The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress '  was  played  for  nine  nights.  Miss  Elinor 
Vane,  Mr.  Charles  Sugden,  Mr.  Abingdon,  and 
Miss  Cicely  Richards  will  be  in  the  cast.  The 
theatre  will  revert  to  the  so-called  popular 
prices. 

'Delicate  Ground,'  with  Mr.  Playfair  and 
Miss  Lena  Ashwell  in  the  principal  parts,  was 
revived  on  Monday  at  Terry's  Theatre  as  the 
opening  piece.  Miss  Lena  Ashwell  looked 
admirably  well  in  the  Directoire  costume  of 
the  heroine,  and  acted  with  vivacity  and 
spirit.  Her  associates,  Mr.  Arthur  Playfair 
and  Mr.  Cosmo  Stuart,  were  scarcely  at  their 
ease.  The  piece  itself  is  obviously  from  the 
French,  the  original  having  supplied  M.  Sardou 
with  some  hints  for  his  'Divorcons.' 

Mr.  Forbes  Robertson  and  Mrs.  Patrick 
Campbell  will  appear  at  the  Avenue  Theatre  in 
about  three  weeks' time  in  'The  Enchantress,' 
a  drama  by  a  writer  comparatively  unknown  to 
the  stage. 

Some  first-night  "obstructionists"  have  been 
summoned  by  a  London  management  and  fined. 
Not  a  word  do  we  wish  to  say  in  favour  of  those 
who  go  to  a  theatre  for  the  purpose  of  making 
an  uproar.  Let  us  look,  however,  on  the 
other  side.  In  "the  best- regulated  theatres" 
a  noisy  claque  is  now  generally  secured. 
Whether  or  not  it  is  a  signed  article  in  agree- 
ments we  know  not,  but  so  soon  as  an  act  is 
over  the  box-keepers  and  attendants  of  every 
class  come  within  the  auditorium,  and  express 
"  in  the  usual  form  "  their  contentment  with  the 
performance.  If  they  neglected  this  duty  it 
would  be  at  their  peril.  By  the  efforts  of  these 
officials  and  the  persistence  of  a  few  friends  of 
the  actors  or  the  management  a  false  appearance 
of  success  is  often  conveyed  and  encores  are 
forced  on  a  reluctant  public.  If  the  manage- 
ment is  to  express  its  own  delight,  a  reasonable 
amount  of  dissent  may  surely  be  allowed  the 
public. 

We  hear  of  the  death,  in  his  fifty-ninth  year, 
of  Agostino  Gatti,  since  1879  joint  lessee  with 
his  brother  Stefano  of  the  Adelphi  Theatre. 
The  deceased  had  recently  returned  from  a  pro- 
longed visit  to  Italy,  undertaken  in  the  search 
after  the  health  which  had  failed  him. 


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N°  3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE    ATHENilUM 


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94 


THE     ATIIENyEUM 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


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CONTRIBUTIONS   to   a  BALLAD  HISTORY  of 

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Francis As  we  glance  through  the  contents  there 

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NOTES     AND      QUERIES. 

The  VOLUME,    JULY   to   DECEMBER,    1896, 

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Published  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  Bream's  -buildings,  Chancery -lane,  E.C. 


N°  3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


95 


JUST  OUT. 

THE    UNPUBLISHED    WORKS    OF 
EDWARD    GIBBON. 

Including    Six    Autobiographies,    Correspondence,    &c. 

Printed  Verbatim  from  MSS.  in  the  possession  of  the  Earl  of  Sheffield. 

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THE     ATHENAEUM 


N°3612,  Jan.  16,  '97 


SMITH,    ELDER    &    CO.'S    PUBLICATIONS. 

STANDARD   EDITIONS. 


The  LIFE  and  LETTERS  of  SIR  CHARLES   HALLE.     Being 

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MAE1K  HAl.l.i:.    With  9  Portrait*.    Demy  8vo.  16*. 

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BROWNING'S  POETICAL  WORKS. 

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LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF 

CHARLOTTE,    EMILY,    AND 

ANNE  BRONTE. 

LIBRARY     EDITION. 

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Agents  lor  Scotland,  Messrs.  Bell  &  llradtute  and  Mr.  John  Meniies.  Edinburgh— Saturday,  January  16,  1897. 


THE   ATHENAEUM 

journal  of  <£nglfei)  atrtr  tfovtiqn  literature,  detente,  tf)e  &int  @Lxt$,  fflv&ic  anb  tfre  3irama, 


No.  3613. 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY 


23,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

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EOTAL  SOCIETY  of  PAINTERS  in  WATER 
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8 


OC1ETY    of    AUTHORS     (INCORPORATED). 


President-Mr.  GEORGE  MEREDITH. 
SECOND  LI8T. 
The  ANNUAL  DINNER  of  the  Society  will  take  place  on 
WEDNESDAY.  February  10,  in  the  THRONE-ROOM  of  the  HOLKORN 
RESTAURANT,  at  7  for  7  30  p.m.  The  Chair  will  be  taken  by  the 
Right  Hon  Sir  JOHN  LUBBOCK,  M.P  F.R.S.  The  following  Members 
of  the  Society  have  accepted  the  post  of  Steward  of  the  Dinner  :  — 


The  Rev.  E.  A.  Abbott,  D.D. 

Grant  Allen. 

Herbert  W  Allingham,  F.R.C.S. 

William  Archer. 

Sir  Edwin  Arnold,  K.C.I.E.,  &c. 

A.  W.  a  Beckett. 

T.  E  Beddard,  FR.fi. 

The  Rev.  Canon  Bell,  D  D. 

C.  F.  Moberley  Bell. 

Sir  Henry  Bergne,  K  C.M.G. 

Mrs.  Oscar  Boringer. 

Sir  Walter  Besant. 

The  Rev.  Prof.  T.  G.  Bonney, 
F.R8..&C. 

Oscar  Browning. 

Lady  Colin  Campbell. 

The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Canter- 
bury. 

Rosa  Nouchette  Carey. 

Egerton  Castle,  F  S  A. 

Miss  Cholmondclev. 

P.  W.  Clayden. 

Edward  Clodd. 

W   Morris  t'olles. 

The  Hon  John  Collier. 

Kir  W.  Martin  Conway. 

The  Hon.  George  Curzon,  M.P. 

8.  It.  Crockett. 

The  Right  Hon  the  Earl  of  Desart 

Sir  George  Douglas,  Bart. 

Prof   E    Dowdm. 

B.  L.  Farjeon. 


Prof.  Michael  Foster,  F.R.S.  D  Sc. 

Lady  Violet  Greville. 

Richard  Garnett,  C.B.  LL.D. 

George  Gissing. 

"Sarah  Grand." 

John  Hollingshead. 

H.  Rider  Haggard. 

Thomas  Hardy. 

■'  John  Oliver  Hobbes." 

Anthony  Hope  Hawkins. 

Jerome  K.  Jerome. 

The  Rev.  Prebendary  Harry  Jones. 

Mrs  Edward  Kennard. 

Prof.  E.  Ray  Lankester. 

Mrs.  E  Lynn  Linton. 

W.  E.  H.  Lecky. 

Lady  William  Lennox. 

The  Rev.  W.  J.  Loftie. 

J.  M.  Lrly. 

L  T.  Meade. 

Florence  Marryat. 

Justin  McCarthy,  M.P. 

Prof  J.  M.  D  Meiklejohn. 

The  Rev.  C.  H.  Middleton-Wake. 

Phil  May. 

George  Meredith. 

Henry  Norman. 

Gilbert  Parker. 

Sir  Frederick  Pollock,  Bart..  LL.D 

The  Rt  Hon  Lord  Firbright,  P.O. 

Pi  of.  J.  liurdon  Sanderson. 

Sir  Henry  Thompson,  F.R  C.S. 


As  the  space  of  the  room  is  limited,  Members  are  earnestly  invited  to 
forward  their  names  without  delay.  When  the  room  is  full  no  more 
names  can  be  accepted.        By  order  of  the  Committee. 

G.  HERBERT  THRING,  Secretary. 

No.  4,  Portugal-street,  W.C  ,  January,  1897. 

TO  PROVINCIAL  NEWSPAPER  PROPRIETORS. 
—A  LONDON  EDITOR  will  supply  WEEKLY  LETTER;  also  if 
required,  Editorial  and  Publishing  Offices  and  Staff'.—  Beta,  Mather  & 
Crowther,  Limited,  10-12,  New  Bridge-street,  EC. 

TO  PUBLISHERS.— An  Oxford  Man,  of  wide 
experience  and  the  highest  literary  testimonials,  desires  tn  READ 
for  a  PI :  ill, IsliKR  —  Address  X.  Y.  Z.,  care  of  Frakcis  &  Co.,  Alhenaum 
Press  Bream  s-buildings,  EC. 


MR.  EDWARD  TURNER  (for  many  years 
Secretary  to  Messrs.  Burns  &  Oates,  Limited,  and  lately  Manager 
to  the  Scientific  Press,  Limited,  proprietors  of  the  Hospital  Ac  )  is  now 
OPEN  to  an  ENGAGEMENT  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  Publishing 
Trade  in  all  its  Branches  No  objection  to  go  Abroad  Highest  refer- 
ences—Address care  of  W.  Muli.eh,  1,  Star-yard,  Carey-street,  W.C. 

WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  SITUATION  as 
CURATOR  of  a  MUSEUM,  Librarian,  Secretary,  or  any  posi- 
tion of  tru»t  Advertiser  an  experienced  Naturalist  and  good  Draughts- 
man Highest  testimonials  and  references.— Address  E.  W  S-.ianton 
Bratton  St.  Maur,  Wiucanton,  Somerset. 


w 


ANTED,    a   well-known    AUTHOR   to    give 

Advertiser  POSTAL   LESSONS  in  NOVEL-WRITING      State 
terms.— Write  Amateik,  Advertising  offices,  10,  High  Holborn,  London, 


PRINTER'S  READER  WANTED,  with  Classical 
knowledge  and  acquaintance  with  Foreign  Languages  One  who 
has  had  practical  experience  preferred  —Address,  stating  experience 
and  salary  required,  to  Hkaukii,  at  Horncastle's,  61,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

WANTED,    LIBRARIAN    for    the    BARRY 

""  PUBLIC  LIBRARY .  —  Previous  experience  indispensable 
Salary  90/.  Applications  must  he  sent  in  on  or  before  26th  inst  -Apply 
by  letter  stating  age  and  experience,  to  D.  W.  Robeius,  Esq  .  Public 
Librarv,  Holton-road,  Harry.  •••»■»•»« 


pIVIL  SERVICE    COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

V^  Examination  -JUNIOR  ASSISTANT  in  the  ART  BRANCH  of 
the  SOI  in  MNSINOTDN  MUSEUM  (18-26),  JANUARY  28— The 
date  specified  Is  the  latest  at  which  applications  can  be  received  Tbej 
rnuit  be  male  on  forms  to  be  obtained,  with  particu'ars  from  the 
Secsetart,  Civil  Service  Commission,  London,  8  W 


piVIE    SERVICE  COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

wmiSSESSiP0?-;  DRAUGHTSMAN  in  the  HYDROGRAPHICAL 
DEPARTMENT  of  the  ADMIRALTY  (17-25).  FEBRUARY  17  Expert 
■J".™  Hydrographical  Chart  Drawing  essential.  The  date  specified  is 
the  latest  at  which  applications  can  be  received.  '1  he  v  mg.i  be  made 
on  forms  to  be  obtained,  with  particulars,  from  the  Skbetabt,  Civil 
Service  Commission.  London   S  w 


[^OUGHBOROUGH    ENDOWED    SCHOOLS. 

GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL. 
\us\';!i'^""'.? ■"''".  r,,fl"il(-'.  a,tcr  th°   EasK-T    Vacation,    a  HEAD 

M  IS  I  It  l,s>  [o| 

nentsof  the  Head  Mistress  will  be  a  fixed  salary  of  100/  a 
l™  ;,"  P<  i  head,  together  with  a  good  House 

t™^li::v^7olaln'ent  ot  the  A"i8tant  *»*»—.  -""J-  * 

I  "f  Scholars  Is  110 
signed' S  "'  ""■'  Scheme'  Price  M  cacn.  may  be  obtained  from  the  undcr- 

Feb™a««*to*re  rean£t<'<l'»?Cnd  ln  tnclr  testimonials  not  later  ll,.nn 
l'ector\  Pi.,«  r       ^k  K,JWVAIU)  WOOLLKY,  Receiver  and  Clerk. 
Kectory  Placo,  LotighhoronRh,  Leicestershire 
January  12, 1897. 


BIRKENHEAD  SCHOOL.— A  HEAD  MASTER 
will  be  REQUIRED  at  EASTER.  He  must  be  a  Member  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  a  Graduate  in  Honours  of  Oxford  or  Cambridge 
University.  Salary  3007  a  year  wiih  Capitation  Fees  and  Residence, 
with  Boarding  House  attached  for  Forty  Boys.  The  School  Buildings 
stand  in  a  most  healthy  position  on  Oxton  Hill — Applications  must  be 
received  before  February  10  by  the  Secretary.  W.  E.  Mills,  49, 
Hamilton-square,  Birkenhead,  from  whom  further  information  may  be 
obtained. 


gH 


EF  FIELD        SCHOOL        BOARD. 


CENTRAL  HIGHER  DAY  SCHOOL. 

WANTED,  TEACHER  of  MACHINE  CONSTRUCTION  and  DRAW- 
ING PRACTICAL  PLANE  and  SOLID  GEOMETRY,  and  Mechanical 
Subjects  generally.  Salary  150/.  per  annum.  Whitworth  Scholar  pre- 
ferred—Forms of  application,  which  should  be  returned  as  soon  as 
possible,  may  be  had  from  JNO.  F.  MOSS,  Clerk. 

School  Board  Offices,  January  15,  1897. 


H 


OLYWELL      COUNTY       SCHOOL. 


MISTRESS  WANTED. 

WANTED,  a  MISTRESS  for  the  HOLYWELL  COUNTY  (INTER- 
MEDIATE and  TECHNICAL)  SCHOOL.  Commencing  salary  1201. 
Preference  will  be  given  to  a  Graduate  in  Science —Applications, 
stating  age.  qualifications,  and  experience  in  teaching,  to  be  sent  to  the 
undersigned,  at  24,  Grove-park,  Liverpool,  by  Saturday.  February  13, 
proximo.        S    K    MUSPRATT,  Chairman  of  the  Court  of  Governors. 

January  12, 1897. 


c 


ENTRAL       WELSH       BOARD 

FOR 

INTERMEDIATE    EDUCATION. 


The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  are  prepared  to 
receive  applications  for  the  poet  of 

CHIEF  INSPECTOR. 

Commencing  salary  6007.  per  annum,  exclusive  of 
travelling  expenses. 

Applications  must  be  received  on  or  before  the  9th  day 
of  February  next  by  the  undersigned,  from  whom 
full  particulars,  with  copies  of  the  Scheme,  may  be 
obtained. 

A.  C.  HUMPHEBYS-OWEN, 

Chairman, 
Glansevern,  Berriew, 

Montgomeryshire. 
January  9,  1897. 

CHORT  STORIES  and  ARTICLES  upon  Literary 

O  and  Social  Subjects  can  be  SUPPLIED  bv  experienced  WRITER. 
Contributor  to  many  of  the  Leading  Periodicals.— L.,  54.  Springfield- 
road,  N  W  "      " 

BOYS'  STORIES.— Any  number  of  the  above 
required  ;  about  twenty  thousand  words  in  length  :  plenty  of 
dash  and  fun,  though  sound  in  tone  Payment  on  approval.  Declined 
MSS.  returned— Address  Itnis'  Stoiues,  care  of  Hart's  Advertising 
Offices,  Maltravcrs  House.  Arundel-street,  Strand,  W.C. 

PDRTHK  R     CAPITAL     (1,5001.     to     2,000/.) 

-1-  REQUIRED  to  push  a  High  Class  Popular  Weekly.  Advertising 
onlv  requited  to  make  valuable  property  Position  offered  if  required 
on  the  Paper  to  qualified  man  introducing  capital  —Reply  to  Z  ,  care  of 
Messrs   Dixon  ft  Hunting,  89,  Farringdon-street,  London,  E  C. 

rPVPE-WHITING.— MSS.,   Scientific,  and  of  all 

A  Descriptions,  Copied.  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care 
Dictation  Rooms  (Shorthand  or  Type-writing).  Usual  terms  —Misses 
B  II  &  I  Fabru>,  Hastings  House,  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  London 
(for  seven  years  of  ,'W,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

rFYPE-WRITING.— Over  5,000  words  Is.  per  1,000. 

1-  Special  terms  for  larger  quantities.  MSS  carefully  Revised 
1 1 •stimonials,  Reports.  &c  ,  duplicated.  Translations  — E  Griham 
Surrey  (bam  hers.  172   Strand,  VY  (' 


MS 


J    TYPE-WRITTEN  with  care  and  precision 

I  '■  by  experienced  Typist,  and  returned  promptly,  from  lorf  per 
1.000  words  Translations  made.  —  Literator,  3,  Reudlesham-road 
London.  N  B 

TO  AUTHORS.— Manuscripts   Revised   and   Cor- 
rected,  Authors  Advised  and  Assisted  bv  a  Literal  v  Man  of  large 

mid  varied  experience.— Address  L.  a.,  wuiing's,  102,  Piccadilly,  w, 

^TYPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.    per   folio 
J-     of  73 words     References  to  Authors— Miss  Oladdino,  28,  Lans- 

downe  gardens.  South  Lambeth,  S  \\ 

.^YPE-WRITERS    and  CYCLES.— The  standard 

1  ninkes  at  hair  the  usual  |>i  loel  Mnchlncs  lent  on  hire  nUo  li. night 
ami  Exchanged  Sundries  ami  nepnirs  to  all  Machines  Terms  cash 
or  instalments  Ms  copied  from  lOd  per  1,000  nords.— N  Tatloi 
Manager,  National  Type-Writer  I'Achange  Co.,  71.  Chancery-lane' 
London  Kslabllshed  1884.  Telephone  60SO.  Telegrams,  Glossator' 
London." 


FRANCE. —The  ATHENiEUM  can  be 
obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMIENS.  ANTIBES,  BEAULIEU-SUR  -  MER,  BIARRITZ.  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-8UR-MER,  CALAIS,  CANNES,  DIJON.  DUN- 
KIRK, HAVRE,  LILLE,  LYONS,  MARSEILLES.  MENTONE, 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS, 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoli,  Paris. 

TYPE -WRITING.— MSS.  copied  promptly  and 
accurately.     1CW.   per  1,000  words.     References  and  Samples  — 
Address  Miss  M.,  18,  Mortimer-crescent.  N.W. 

TYPE-WRITING    by~CLERGYMAN'S 
DAUGHTER— Authors' MSS.  Is  per  1.000  words     Circulars  &c 
by  Copying  Process     Authors  references.— Miss  Sikes,  West  Kensing- 
ton Type  writing  Agency.  13,  Wolverton-gardens,  Hammersmith,  W. 

TYPE-WRITER.— AUTHORS'  MSS.,  Plays,  Re- 
views,  Literary  Articles,  &c,  COPIED  with  accuracy  and  despatch. 
Id.  per  folio  Manifold  or  Duplicate  Copies— Address  Miss  E  Tiqar, 
23,  Maitland  Park-villas,  Haverstock-hill.  N.W.    Established  1884. 

SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.— Confidential  Secre- 
tary.  Miss  PETHERBRIDGE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  ont 
Daily  a  trained  staffof  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 
graphers, and  Typists  Special  staflFof  Freneh  and  German  Reporters. 
Literary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  Languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.  9,  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indexers.    Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

I  EDITORS  in  SEARCH  of  good  FICTION  should 
-i  "  write  for  J.  F.  SPRIGGSS  LIST  of  OVER  ONE  HUNDRED 
WORKS  offered  for  SERIAL  PUBLICATION.  The  Authors  include 
the  most  Popular  Novelists  of  the  Day  —J  F  Speiggs's  Newspaper 
Serial  Agenct,  21.  Paternoster-square,  London,  E.C. 

9,  Hart-street,  Bloomsbury,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Covent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench,  Triibner  &  Co  ,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  has 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBLISHER  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Books.    Address  as  above. 


M 


ESSRS.       DIGBY,       LONG 

PUBLISHERS. 
18,  Bouverie-street,  London.  EC, 


&      CO., 


Invite  AUTHORS  (Popular  or  otherwise)  to  submit  their  MSS.  (Fiction, 
Travel,  Poetry,  &c. )  for  prompt  consideration. 

rTHE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.     Established  1879. 

J.  Proprietor,  Mr.  A.  M.  BURGHE8,  1,  Paternoster-row.  The 
Interests  of  Authors  capably  represented.  Proposed  Agreements, 
Estimates,  and  Accounts  examined  on  behalf  of  Authors.  MSS  placed 
with  Publishers  Transfers  carefully  conducted.  Thirty  years' practical 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Publishing  and  Rook  Producing.  Consultation 
free. — Terms  and  testimonials  from  Leading  Authors  on  application  to 
Mr.  A  M.  Burohes,  Authors'  Agent,  1,  Paternoster-row. 

AUTHORS  should  write  for  Prospectus  of  the 
LITERARV  AGENCY,  which  offers  special  facilities  for  Publish- 
ing the  Works  of  New  Authors  Conducted  bv  Mr.  A.  R.  Leash,  late 
Manager  of  Tower  Publishing  Co.,  St.  Paul's  Chambers,  19,  Ludgale- 
hill,  London,  EC. 

qX)     AUTHORS.  — The    ROXBURGHE    PRESS, 

JL  15,  Victoria-street,  Westminster,  are  OPEN  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
in  all  Branches  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  a  view  to  Publish- 
ing in  Volume  Form.  Every  facility  for  bringing  Works  before  the 
Trade,  the  Libraries,  and  the  Reading  Public.  Illustrated  Catalogue 
post  free  on  application. 

WILL  all  STUDENTS  and  ADMIRERS  of 
CHARLES  DICKENS'S  WORKS  kindly  send  their  Names  and 
Addresses  to  The  Manager,  The  Roxburghe  Press,  15,  Victoria-street, 
Westminster? 

R     ANDERSON   &    CO.,    Advertising  Agents, 
•        14,  COCK8PUR-8TREET,  CHARING  CROSS.  8.W., 
Insert  Advertisements  in  all  Papers,   Magazines,  &c  ,  at  the  lowest 
possible  prices     Special  terms  to  Institutions.  Schools,  Publishers, 
Manufacturers,  Ac  ,  on  application. 

p     MITCHELL  &  CO.,  Agents  for  the  Sale  and 

\Jm  Purchase  of  Newspaper  Properties,  undertake  Valuations  for 
Probate  or  Purchase.  Investigations,  and  Audit  of  Accounts,  &c.  Card 
of  Terms  on  application. 

12  and  13,  Red  Lion-court,  Fleet-street,  E.C. 

THE  GREAT  SCULPTORS  of  GREECE. —A 
COURSE  of  LECTURES  at  UNIVERSITY  COLLEGE,  LONDON 
will  be  given  on  this  subject  bv  I  KM  si  OARDNBR.  MA  .  Yates 
Professor  of  Archirology,  on  FRIDAYS,  at  4  r  «  .  commencing 
January  29  The  Lectures  will  be  supplemented  bv  Demonetntttou 
In  the  British  Museum  Fee  for  Lectures  or  Demonstrations  only, 
U  Is. ;  for  both,  11  lis.  6rf.— For  Prospectus  apply  to 

J    M    HOKSIil  Ron.  MA  ,  Secretary 


ITNIVEKSITY     EXTENSION,    CHELSEA.— At 

I  '       the  SOUTH-WEST    LONDON    POLYTECHNIC,    Mnnresa-road 
(seven    minutes    bv  omnibus  from    sloane  square),  a  Course  of    it  \ 

I  EOT  I'm  s  on   'DANTE,'  by  P    H     WICKSTEKD,    M   \      en   TUBS- 
DAYS   at  .1  r  m  .  beginning  January  2(1. 

rickets  for  the  Course,  w  .  Teaohere,  10*.  i  to  be  obtained  from  the 

II  in    Si.   .  University  Extension,  at  the  abovo  address 


TO  ARTISTS.— The  friends  of  a  YOUNG  MAN, 
In  111  henlth,  arc  desirous  of  placing  him  in  an  ARTIST'S 
FAMILY  where  he  will  recciie  home  comforts  and  assistance  in  his 
profession  Country  preferred  -Apply  by  letter  only,  to  L  E  care 
of  Mr.  Elliot  Stock,  62,  Patcrnoster-row,  London,  B  C 


98 


T  II  E     ATHENAEUM 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  -97 


AETRBNCH    FAMILY,    ProtMtoi  '.    n  siclli 
,  ,..     ,   |      .            thi  CARE  ol    WARD  ol  COl  III  or  J 
TWO  DAUGHTERS  of  OEN  I  1.1  Mi. N   wishing  to  acquire  »  thoroojB 
knowledge   "i  the    Preach   Lenfuace       Addree.  Conn  -.    di    sum- 
Ai  i  ua,  Eramlej  Hail.  Hejidaworth,  Ibi  Bald. 

I-'HK  SCHOOL  of  LITKRAUY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRTA1  Por  InitracUon  to  Cnmpoatn*  and 
Writing  Fiction  J.ninmllnin,  and  the  Drama-Apply  to  H..  mi  iu>, -0, 
Aberooro-plaee   N  W 


riMlKllOVIU       H0U8K      SCHOOL, 

A.  1.  Treborlr-road.  South  Kensington,  B.'rl 

Principal— Mn  W   R.  <  01  B 
special  courses  of  Le»*on.,on  original  llnei.  In  Pr2?J,"»a„D,!*T!1J51 
DnUnlna   ami   Brush  Work,  will  be  siren  bi   Mr    RUVUN  looks 
AUo"SMaforColonr  Cut   and  Figure  Drawing, end Sketching from 
Nature,  oy  Mr.  AKl'Ill  K  I  0OR1)  III  <;  Hl'.s.    ,_..__ 

ii  BSDAYS  and   nil  K8DAYS  throughout  the  rerm 
•  «  The  PRESENT  TERM  COMMBNI  BD  MONDAY   January  18. 

1>0YAL    INDIAN    ENGINEERING    COLLEGE, 

1 V  Cooper'.  Hill.  Staines  -The  course  of  study  Is  arranged  to  Bt  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Burone,  India,  and  the  Colonies  About 
10  Students  will  be  admitted  In    September.   IBW.    The  Secretary  of 

State  will  otter  then  for  ('.on  petit  Ion  Twelve  Appointments  a*  Assistant 
Fnidncera  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department.— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  SEeacTaav.  at  the  College 

I  EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
J  can  he  obtained  ifree  of  charge)  from  Messrs.  GAHMIAS 
THRING  &  CO  who.  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Hoys  and  Girls,  and  successful  Tutors  In  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
lequirements  — 36,  Sackville-street,  W. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  (a  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  (for  Hoys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad  —A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  R.  J.  BtEvoa,  M.A.,  8,  Lancaster-place, 
Strand,  London,  W.C.  


w 


(Catalogues. 
LLIAMS      &      NORGATE, 


IMPORTERS  OF  FOREIGN  BOOKS, 

11  Henrietta-street.  COTent-gsrden,  London  j  20,  South  Frederick 

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litl'e  by  RartoloKi.  &c  -  Scotch  and  \\  elsh  ITates.  some  fine  and  scarce 
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M 


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N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


Engravings, 
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-LTX  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W  C  on 
FRIDAY,  February  12,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COL- 
LECTION of  ENGRAVINGS,  principally  in  colours,  including  some 


M] 


rare  Portraits  in  very  fine  state 

Catalogues  in  preparation 


Portion  of  the  Library  formed  by  the  late  REGINALD 
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quarian BOOKS.  English  and  Foreign,  comprising  Bibles-Liturgies 

F»™nJm°^*eS  '"dTraveU- works  °D  ''"P^P^'  Genealogy  and 
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.  .  ?'"  SKLL  b?  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13  Wellineton- 
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Noble,  with  rare  countermark-James  V.  (Scot)  Bonnet  Piece  N 
sfnTon  VHfri  ',St  AHndrew.  w.th  long  crossU'roniweR  Crown  ARbT 
?  ^?rbrrV.l,ant  a!V1,rar.<?  forel<rn  Gold  Proofs-rare  English  Gold 
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and  Mary  coronation,  and  othersin  silver  and  bronze-tine  and  interest 
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SnmATJ&h  P™'*1'-    the   Valuable    COLLKCTION   of   COINS  l!Si 

MEDALS,  the  Property  of  Major  E.  GRANTHAM  including 1„J  . 
British  and  Anglo-Saxon  Coin's-Early  Eng  ish-El  "abetn  lor"c'  hs 
Money-a  line  Series  of  Charles  I.  Country  Mints  Siege  Pieces  &c 
'-ommonwealth,  in  Gold  and  Silver- Charles  II  and  \-Htru-,.'  ~ 
GOM  Coins-William  IV  and  Victoria "  Pro0 £" wTFm^nl 
\  ictora.  Series  in  Gold,  Silver,  and  Coppcr-SeotchCoins-Rnman 
Family  and  Imperial  Denarii,  &c.-and  Coin  Cabinets        UlM-«»"»"> 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A   PCHn,  tfnvnvfiZ"  °fJH  the  Iiev-  HUG^ 
CHOLMONDELEY,  and  other  Properties 

AXESSR8.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 

at  1  o'clock  precisely  PR ,  *TED  I  , JoKfF '£,"  M  A N I  si I Mpftf^*' 
K&Afc*  Sclei"<>"  "■'""  'he  I-'hraiT  of  the  Rev    HI  OH  t'H  ,LA?on" 

pshlre  Arch  polo™, i  a ,     "awi"*?s  relating  to 

Faper-Rart.ch,  Le  p3ntre  '.nJuSMu^iZ^^"^  \arKe 

Eduion-Muscc  Franc*,  et  Una*  i^S^Jk^SJSa  Edl'tVon'.1"8' 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


EnCo?jnB  THOMpSfii  \f'f\"^  Properties  of  the  late 
others'.         TH0Ui  SON>  the  latc  'I-  C.  DEVON,  Esq.,  and 

]U  ESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGF 

•'     !•    THOMI'S    R\hel«taH    ?    DFVOn" 

rare  <>|  i  ]■  ,, i„J ,  ,  '   '"''  "aK"n   a' thcrs,  many 

-•....shPlot, 

M,T  l,e  Tlewcd  two  ""T"  Prior     Catalogues  may  be  bad. 

The  vaU„  0fcoim  and  MedaU 

JAMi,.s  no  I  il  R.C.8.S. 

BTHS^SISS?7'  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 

i  and  FOREIGN To  in  J.,  i  m  V'nV  "al'1"  ""I"  Hon  o 

•'"suiting  surgeon'  st  CHo^e't  Ho,pltaS.  "     '   "  ' '  *  h  >  * ' 

Mar  be  vlewej  two  day,  prior.    Catalogue,  may  be  had. 


99 


The  Collection  of  Engravings,  Drawings,  and  Pictures,  the 
Property  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  HAINES. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  MONDAY,  February  15,  and  Following  Day 
,  1''e,0ck  precisely  <by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  COLLECTION 
of  ENGRAVINGS  DRAWINGS,  and  PICTURES,  the  Property  of 
I he  late  Mr.  J.  HAINES,  comprising  examples  by  and  after  Van  Huysum 
Hartolozzl,  A.  Kauftman.  Bunbury.  Cosway,  G  Norland  Wheatley  T 
Burke.  Hoppner,  and  others— Oil  Paintings  ascribed  to  Sir  J  Reynolds' 
Sir  G.  Kneller.  Armfield,  and  others-Water-Colour  Drawings  by  D 
Lox.  Cattermole,  AV.  Cruikshank,  and  others.  Also  other  Properties 
comprising  Publications  of  the  Arundel  Society— AA'orks  by  the  Old 
Masters-a  capital  Oil  Painting  by  Palamedes— Drawings  by  Rowland- 
son,  \\  estall,  Cosway,  and  others. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Miscellaneous  Books,  including  the  Library  of  a   Gentleman, 

deceased,  and  several  Smaller  Collections. 
A/TESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 

t  at  their  Rooms,  115.  Chancery -lane,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY 
TaAnvM^„I6'T>,a^icThree  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock,  MISCEL^ 
LAN LOUs  BOOKS,  comprising  Burke's  Irish  Book  Plates— Wardour 
Press  Series  of  Book-Plates-Griggs's  Armorial  Book-Plates-Hamer- 
ton  s  I  he  Etcher  and  Portfolio-Painter's  Palace  of  Pleasure  3  vols  - 
Caroline  Fox's  Memoirs  (plates  inserted),  2  vols.— Old  London  Shope 
Signes,  2  vols  —Lottie's  London  City  and  Fitzgerald  s  London  Suburbs 
2  vols  -More  s  Utopia,  Largest  Paper-Kelmscott  Press  Issues  5  vols' 
-Century  Guild  Hobby-Horse,  7  vols  -Dickens's  AVorks  30  vols  ' 
Edition  de  Luxe  28  vols,  and  Plays  and  Poems,  2  vols.-Punch's 
Pocket-Books  14  vols  -Boccaccio's  Decameron,  extra  illustrated, 
2  vols.— Brough  s  I-alstaff,  and  others  illustrated  by  G.  and  R  Cruik- 
shank-AVestmacntt's  English  Spy,  2  vols.-Caultield's  Remarkable 
lersons,  7  vols.— Alison's  Europe,  with  370  Portraits  &c  20  vols  half- 
morocco,  and  other  Extra  -  Illust.ated  Books  — AVorks  relating  to 
Napoleon-a  Large  Collection  of  Plates  for  extra  illustrating-Franied 
Engravings,  &c. 
To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

PARIS.—  COLLECTION    H.   V— Maitre   PAUL 

•     CHEVALLIER,    Auctioneer,    10.    Rue   de  la  Grange   Bateliere 

w^FdrrTbMv.GR1T,.!5Ci,,^!5TIr'  Expert'  '-  Eue  G»dot  de  Mauro,; 
will  SELL  by  PUBLIC  AUCTION,  at  the  Galerie  Georges  Petit,  8,  Rue 
de  SC/e,  Paris,  on  MONDAY  and  TUESDAY.  February  1  and  2  at  2  p  m 
the  important  COLLECTION    of  Mr.   H.   V      comprising   Hieh-Class 

w.?,".,^N  uICi'lK"^'  I>aSt5'S'  Water  Colour''  a"3  oTawilgfa^ongst 
which  are  Works  by  Besnard,  Bonyin.  Carriere,  Cazin.  Corot  Daubigny 
Daumier  Degas,  Diaz,  Forain,  Harpignies,  Lebourg,  Meissonier,  Millet 
,i™  >■  \U.V1S  de  Chavannes.  Th.  Rousseau.  Renoir,  Sisley;  and  Sculp! 
tures  by  B.rye,  Carries,  Dalou.  Gemito,  and  Rodin. 
On  view  January  30  and  31,  1807. 


M 


The  Collection  of  Armour  and  Arms  of  Herr  ZSCH1LLE. 
'ESSRS.    CHRISTIE,     MANSON    &    WOODS 

77.  „resPectful|y  Sive  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
then  Great  Rooms.  King-street.  St.  James's-square.  on  MONDAY 
January  Jo.  and  1  our  Following  Days,  and  on  MONDAY  February  1  at 
1  o  clock  precisely,  the  valuable  COLLECTION  of  ARMOUR  ARAIS 
and  EQUIPMENTS  of  Herr  ZSCIIILLE.  comprising  a  very  complete 
Series  of  Swords  from  the  Thirteenth  to  the  Seventeenth  Century- 
s;worH.e'ta,n]P'eSOf  He,a7,  FiS",in?  Swords.  Foiling  Estocs,  Landsrccht 
Swords,  Rapiers,  and  Dress  Swords  of  the  Sixteenth  and  Seven- 
teenth Centuries,  including  an  Italian  Sword  of  the  early  na  t  of  the 
Siv.eentli  Century,  chiselled  and  gilt  Bronze  Hilt,  ami en^raT?! Calendar 
Blade-a  very  fine  li^pier  of  the  end  of  the  Sixteenth  Century  chiselled 

Daggers-Stilettos— A  enetian  Cinquedeas,  includinga  very  fine  examnle 
w.  h  engraved  and  gilt  Blade  and  cuir  BouiUi  Scabbard,  by  ErowVda 

Helmets -Salaries -Tournament   Helmets-Engraved    and   Emboss-,! 

nlTe7wTthnG,oMb0feHdfirfSqUe  ?/  Classi('al  fmm-  damascened  and 
plated  with  Gold  and  Silver -Breast  Plates  of  various  periods- 
Gauntlets  and  Tilting  Pieces-Pavis-Sbields  and  Rondache-I'a  ited 
Tournament  and  Arches  Shields-a  Circular  Rondache  of  Blue  I  s  ee 
damascened  with  Allegorical  Subjects  in  Gold  and  Silver- Pi tteenth 
and  Sixteenth  Century  Halberds,  Guisarmes,  Spetums  Vou iVcs  and 
A'ra»?^t.if7  finel{.  «"eraved  with  Family  Arms  -  Crossbows  and 
Arbalests  of  fine  quality-Guns.  ItiHes,  and  Pistols  by  Celebrated  Makers 
sT^nSe  Annour  Bits  and  Saddles,  including  a  Carvel  stag's  Horn 
Saddle  of  the  end  of  the  Fourteenth  Century-Boar  Spears-Huntin" 
Swords-and I  Two  Hunting  Horns  of  the  Thirteenth  and  FouXmh 
^nu™.s  hMost  Jjf  the  preceding  objects  have  been  purchased  fro 
theLondesborough.  Mcynek,  De  Coseon,  Gimpel,  and  other  celebrated 
Collections  The  whole  of  the  Collection  was  exhilMted  at  the  cSo 
Exhibition,  and  part  of  the  Collection  at  the  Imperial  Institute.        C^° 

HrrfS-Gumea""5,  ""  'iad'  PHce  SixPence'  Illustrated  Catalogues,  price 
May  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

The  Collection  of  Pictures  of  the  late  R.  XV.  MACLEOD- 

FULLARTON,  Esq.,  Q.C. 

A/TESSRS.    CHRISTIE,    MANSON     &     WOODS 

-J-'J-  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at 
their  Great  Rooms.  King-street,  St.  James's-square,  on  SATURDAY1 
January  30,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of  ANCIFNT  ami 
MODERN  PICTURES  formed  by  R  w  mIcLEOD-FULLAOTON 
Esq  (iC.  deceased,  late  of  1,  Holland  Park-a venue  AV  comnr  ine 
Works  of  the  Dutch.  Italian,  and  Early  English  Schools  ;  alW  "v,  I  y 

Mo,d^IJ,A^i!tJ8  "f  tl,c  En?»»h  anrt  Continental  Schools.  Also  ANCI  ENT 
and  MODERN  PICTURES,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  giving  no 
his  residence  In  town,  and  Pictures  by  old  Masters  from  different 
sources,  including  Works  by  Bellini,  CanalettO,  J.  Le  Due  G  Van  den 
Eeckhout.  F.  Snardl,  C.  de  Heem,  J.  Lineelbach,  Lucas  Van  Leydon 
n.  Maes.  Miereveldt,  G  Netscher,  s,  del  Piomim.  a  Schilcken  t' 
Gninsborough  R.A.,  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  AV.  Peters,  Sir  J  Reynolds' 
J    /ollany,  and  many  others.  »cjmm», 

May  be  viewed  two  days  preceding,  and  Catalogues  had. 

A  Collection  of  Old  Porcelain,  Decorative  Objects,  and 

Furniture. 

AT  ESSRS.     CHRISTIE,     MANSON    &    WOODS 

■f'A  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  hy  AUCTION  at 
their  Great  Rooms.  King-street,  St  James's-square.  on  WEDNESDAY 
February  »,  at  1  o'clock  precisely  a  collection  „f  01  I)  CROWN 
DERBY  and  CHELSEA  PdRCELAIN-OriennUPwelainMdaotaonnl 
Enamels-fine  Sfvrosand  Dresden  Porcelain-French  Drcoraliv,'  b  ?"!  s 
-and  a  Set  of  Louis  XVI  Pnrnitnre. covered  with  old  Genoa V, 
and  Hirniture  of  the  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Century  -Bronzes 
and  Works  of  Art  of  the  Sixteenth  Century;  also  Oriental  Ol  ,ee tool 
Art,  including  Lacquer  and  Carvings  ""jecis  ol 


Collection  of  Drawings,  the  Property  of  a  Gentleman 
AfESSKS.     CHRISTIE,    MANSON    &    WOODS 

.■fTX-    respectfully  give  notice  that  the]  will  BELL  by  AUCTION    «t 

heir  (Jrcit   Ro,„„s.   King. street    St.  James-s- square    on    PridaY 

Februarys. at  I  o-clocli  preclsel)   >  I  OLLECTIOlTol  draw im         ,: 

Propeitj  of  ■  GENTLEMAN,  Im  ,,,  Twelve  Drawlnm  b'vM 

Ooiwar  ope  flnisl by  R,  Cosway,  H  \     lllnstratlng  •  ti,  '\\ ,  , ,,., f. 

EV-'P?0"! I   Ukermann    Set  of.  Five  Drawing,  for  Weill ,l\  „, 

Shield,  by  r  Stothard,  B  a     and  Drawinai  by  "cinngton 

I'l^on'Tv"  A         '',''  ,"' "WXHU*.      A    Kanfrnmn 

;m,u    ' """>■  Il  A  Q   Morland 

'.  ','■' M,ck  I    Gainsborough, B.A.  M   A   Hooker  A  1!  A 

'•   '■■'"""icy  i    G  rtln  T  linwlani.™ 

J    B  Cipriani.H   1         W    Hi ton    H  A  Sir   VKo 

iy,RA,  AV    Hollar  y    :...,„,„„    R  A 

"»an  g  Humphry,  R  A.  T.Stothard   I 

£.Cpsens  W.  Hunt  l Whciiev  n\ 

E.I>ayc.  J.cibbctson  Sir  1.   Wil  Jc,  R  A     . 


The  late  BARON  DE  HIRSCHS  Collection  of  Pictures 

from  Bath  House. 

A/TESSRS.     CHRISTIE,     MANSON    &    WOODS 

71  ■  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at 
their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's-square.  on  SATURDAY 
Eebruary  6,  at  I  o  clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executrix!  the  v'oin' 
KK^^^"  and  MODERN  Hr?l-URE8hoM*e' 
a  POrtm it  J  \  »  r  ', d?ceased'  .rremonred  from  Bath  House,  comprising 
TVh?es  H  Phn-a  ^,ontalne  and  Te>>  Panels  illustrating  La  Fontaine's 
b?  t  r-JT  ^h"'P  R0«sseau-Portrait  of  Lord  Mulgrave,  whole  length, 
F'lshint Ti'TS11'  KA  "7,Thf-  Love  Token'  "y  G  "■  Roughton.  r.I:- 
hi  F  yd  ',  »  ^  ,°t,re'  Ky  ?,  Ai,  Cooke'  R  A  -View  of  Constantinople, 
J'/i,2'™-"1  others  by  R.  Fleury.  De  Keyser.  J  L.  David.  De  Noter 
and  1     Stevens;  also  An  Interior,  by  G.  Terburg.  engraved  bv  Wille 

^gododnE^es^taIOgUe-XWOgrandGaller'W0^ 

Berchem  Kauffman  Ruysdael 

i!oth^  l^rgilliere  Schalcken 

Boucher  Van  Loo  J   steen 

Casanova  p.  Mieris  Tocque 

Coello  Mytens  v.  Dyck 

cuyp  Nollekins  A'elasquez 

Drouais  A.  Ostade  Van  de  \elde 

Hobbema  Le  Prince  Verheijen 


Pictures  by  Old  Masters,  the  Property  of  a  Gentleman. 
A/TESSRS.     CHRISTIE,    MANSON     &    WOODS 

,,X  respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at 
their  Great  Rooms,  King-street.  St.  James's-square,  on  SATURDAY 
mrTSWriv'S  W\e,Z?,\l°,tthe  rictures  of  the  late  Haron  HirschT,  the 
Smivu  v"'1  °,flltl?  by  OLD  MASTERS,  the  Property  of  a 
others  -  '   mcladiD*    Works    "y   the    following    Artists,  among 

A  Cuyp  M.  Hondecoeter  A.  Van  de  Velde 

'■  Vro"le  p  "e  Hooch  Sir  I)  AVilkie 

J.  Le  Due  N.  Maes  R  Wilson.  R  A. 

•r  J  ■  °-  Morland  AA'ouverman 

r.  Gainsborough  A.  A'an  der  Neer  J.  AVynants 
t.  Guardi 


2 he  Library  of  Admiral  Sir  ROBERT  FITZROY,  K.C.B. 

deceased,  late  of  Parnham,  Beaminster. 
ATESSRS.     CHRISTIE,     MANSON    &    WOODS 

i  ■  re3Pectfullygive  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at 
their  great  Rooms,  King-street,  St  James's-square.  on  WEDNESDAY 

itoi'iERT  F%at»r\v?'Ci"?kuPle,cisel5''  ihe  LIHKAKY  of  Admiral  Sir 
KOM-.Rl  Fir/RO\,  K.C.B.,  deceased,  late  of  Parnham,  Beaminster 
comprising  Works  on  the  Fine  Arts.  Natural  History,  Voyages  and 
1  ravels.  History  and  Biography,  French  and  Italian  Literature  &c 
and  other  Properties,  includinga  complete  set  of  the  Sporting  >lW 
zine  (156  volumes),  and  another  set  from  1828  to  1870  84  vols  in  the 
original  parts,  as  fresh  as  when  issued. 

MONDAY  NEXT.— Natural  History  Specimens. 
A/TR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 

un»nfi  »!?.^reat  Ro°m9.  38.  King-street,  Covent- garden,  on 
I  J.We NEXT.  January  25.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  some 
'""■H,'-AD8anrt  HORNS  of  ANIMALS-British  and  Foreign  Insects- 
Birds  Eggs  and  Skins  — Stuffed  Birds  — Shells— Minerals-and  other 
Natural  History  Specimens,  Curiosities,  &c. 

On  view- the  Saturday  prior  12  till  4  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 


FRIDA  Y  NEXT. 

hOO  Lots  of  Scientific,  Photographic,  and  Miscellaneous 

Property,  from  various  Private  Sources. 

ATR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 

7     AUCTION    at    his    Great    Rooms.    38,    King -street,    Covent- 

garden,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  January  29,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 


MANCHESTER.— Sale  of  the  valuable  Library  of  Books 
formed  by  the  late  WILLIAM  BROCKBANK,  Esq.,  of 
Ihdsbury.  *•*  * 

(OAPES,  DUNN  &  PILCHER  are  favoured  with 

iV. ^  '"Structions  from  the  Executors  of  the  late  WILLIAM  BROCK- 
BANK.  Esq  .  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  TUESDAY,  February  2  at 
Ji„°iCTu<iki2VthS  ,?A,L,VKKY-  CLARENCF-STREET.  MANCHESTER, 
the  LIBRARY  of  BOOKS,  including  Curtfs's  Botanical  Magazine  com 
plete  from  179|l  to  1896-Edwards's  Botanicl  Register,  33  vols  in  26- 
Hill  s  Eden,  folio,  1773— Parkinson's  Paridisi  in  Sole  rare  1656  — 
Gerarde  8  Herball.  1633-Hale's  Eden,  17o7-othcr  valuable  AVorks  on 
Gardening  and  Botany— the  Publications  of  the  Pala?ographical  Society 
81  parts,  folio-the  Kneyclopa?dia  Britannica,  Ninth  Edition— AVhitaker's 
AA  bailey,  1818— the  Editions  de  Luxe  of  Thackeray  and  Dickens— and 
I  apital  Editions  of  Modern  Travels.  Biography  Geology  the  Fine  Arts 
—Favourite  Editions  of  the  Poets— the  Best  Fiction,  &c.' 

Catalogues   forwarded   on   receipt   of   stamp   by   applying    to    the 
Auctioneers,  Manchester. 


THE     RELIQUARY    and    ILLUSTRATED 

-*-  AKCH.FOLOGIST. 

Edited  by  J.  ROMILLY  ALLEN,  F  S  A.     2s.  6if.  Quarterly. 
JANUARY  Contents. 
The  DEVIL  at  NOTRE  DAME.    Collotype  Frontispiece. 
A    RECORD    of   the    KISTVAENS    found    in    the    STF.AVARTRY    of 

KIRKCUDBRIGHT.     Hy  Fred  R.  Coles.    16  Illustrations. 
The    8TOURHEAD    COLLECTION    in    the    WILTSHIRE    ARCHAEO- 
LOGICAL  SOCIETY'S    MUSEUM   at   DEVIZES.    By  Rev    E    H 
Goddard.    45  Illustrations. 

HOP  TALLIES     By  Edward  I.ovett.    4  Illustrations. 

the  GRAVES  of  ARDKEILING.  SI  RAPES,  ELGINSHIRE    N  B      By 

Hugh  A\  .  Young     c  Illustrations. 
SEPULCHRAL  URN  from  LESLIE.  ABERDEENSHIRE     Illustrated. 
DISCOVERY  of  AMBER  BEADS  in  an  IRISH  HOG      Rv  E    Crofton 

Rothcrbam 

NOTICES  of  new  PUBLICATIONS:-' The  Native*  of  Sarawak  and 
British  North  Borneo  '  the  Ancient  Crosses  at  Gostorth  Cumber- 
land -  An  Archaeological  Survey  of  the  United  Kingdom  '—'The 
Preservation  and  Protection   ol  our  Ancient  Monuments '—' The 

Report  of  the  Society  for  the  Protection  of  our  Ancient  Buildings 
for  1896.' 

London  i  Hcmrosc  &  Sons.  Ltd  .  2.1.  old  Bailey  ;  and  Derby 


I>ETERI$OROr<;iI  CATHEDRAL:  the  ACTUAL 

1       STATE  of  the   FRONT;    UlostraUons   ol   Mar   Lod 
and   French  Convent,  Bo«  roadj    Institute  ol   Architects    President's 
Address  to  Student!  i  Decoratire  rreatment  of  Plastei   ta 

See  (lie  HI  1 1.1  )E It  of  Janu.il  v  .::  ,17   ,   by  post.  4J<f.). 
Publisher  of  the  H„,i,i,, ,  i  '  1 1  et.  London.  AV.C 

Recently  published   Ito,  price  10<  post  free, 

T  H  K  (KOSS  of  SONG. 

I  With  Notes     By  MARGARET  STOKES 

Willi  2  Illustrations  inns]   beautifall]  Oxecuted  in  Chromo-litbography 
Copies  "my  stiii  be  procortd  of 

n..,iges    Fljnrli  •  Co.,  Limited,  Publishers  to  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries. 104,  Grafton  street,  Dublin.  v 


100 


THE    ATIIENJEUM 


N*3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &  CO.'  S 
LIST. 


PICKLE  the  SPY ;  or,  the  Incognito 

Of    l'rinir   Clmrl.-s.      lly    ANDKEW    LANG.      Willi    6 
Portrait*.  8VO.  18*. 
••I  venture  to  think  that,  With  th<>  possible  exception  of 
his  share  In  the  translation   of  the  Odyssey,  Mr.  LnnK   has 

never  before  given  us  anything  which  will  rank  as  high  »» 

his  latest  work 'Pickle  the   Spy'  is  a  valuable  eoiilnbu- 

t  on  to  our  historical  literature,  nn.l  a  thrilling  volume  in 
the  library  of  romance."— J 'all  Mall  Gazette. 

ARISTOTLE  on  YOUTH  and  OLD 

AGK,  LIPB  and  DBATB,  and  KESl'IKATION.  Trans- 
lated, with  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  W.  OGLK,  M.A. 
M.D.  P.B.O.P.,  sometime  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Oxford.    8vo.  7s.  6d. 

ESSAYS.    By  George  John  Romanes, 

M.A.  LL.D.  F.R.S.  Kdited  by  C.  LLOYD  MORGAN, 
Principal  of  University  College,  Bristol.  Crowu  Svo.  6*. 
Contents.  —  Primitive  Natural  History  — The  Darwinian 
Theory  of  Instinct— Man  and  Unite— Mind  in  Men  and 
Animals— Origin  of  Human  Faculty— Mental  Differences 
between  Men  and  Women— What  is  the  Object  of  Life?— 
Recreation— Hypnotism— Hydrophobia  and  the  Muzzling 
Order. 

DISEASES  of  PLANTS  INDUCED 

by  CRYPTOGAMIC  PARASITES.  Introduced  to  the 
Study  of  Pathogenic  Fungi,  Slime-Fungi,  Bacteria,  and 
Algae.  Translated  from  the  German  of  Dr.  CARL 
FREIHBRR  VON  TUBKUF,  of  the  University  of 
Munich,  by  WILLIAM  G.  SMITH,  B.Sc.  Ph.D., 
Lecturer  on  Plant  Physiology  to  the  University  of 
Edinburgh.     With  330  Illustrations.     8vo.  18s.  net. 

A    BOOK    for    EVERY    WOMAN. 

Part  II.  Woman  in  Health  and  out  of  Health.  By 
JANE  H.  WALKER,  L.R.C.P.I.  L.R.C.S.  M.D.  Brux., 
Physician  to  the  New  Hospital  for  Women,  &c.  Crown 
8vo.  2s.  Bd. 

GOD'S   CITY   and  the  COMING  of 

the  KINGDOM.  By  the  Rev.  HENRY  SCOTT  HOL- 
LAND, M.A.,  Canon  and  Precentor  of  St.  Paul's.  New 
and  Cheaper  Edition.    Crown  8vo.  3s.  6rf. 


THE  SILVER   LIBRARY. 

NEW  VOLUMES. 

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N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


101 


GEORGE    PHILIP  &  SON'S   LIST. 


TWO     NEW    ATLASES. 

Full,  clear,  handy  in  size,  easy  of  reference,  and  thoroughly  up  to  date. 

JTST  PUBLISHED,  large  4to.  half-morocco,  gilt  top,  21. 

Containing  120  pages  of  Coloured  Maps,  with  an  INDEX  of  over  100,000  Names. 

PHILIPS'  NEW  HANDY  GENERAL  ATLAS  of  the  WORLD- 

Edited  by  GEORGE  PHILIP,  Jun.,  F.R.G.S. 

NOTE. — This  Atlas,  which  is  entirely  of  English  origin  and  manufacture,  will  be  found 
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JUST  PUBLISHED,  small  4 to.  cloth  gilt,  gilt  edges,  10s.  6d. 
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PHILIPS'    READY    REFERENCE    ATLAS    of    the   WORLD. 

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No.  l.  The    FACTS    of   LIFE,    idio- 

matically  described  and  systematically  arranged,  form- 
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Parti.  HOME  LIFE  — The  SCHOOL  — TRAVELLING  — 
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Oxford  Review.— ••  A.  thoroughly  workmanlike  production, 
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would  be  far  more  interested  than  they  are  now  in  their 
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FIRST  FACTS  and  SENTENCES. 

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102 


THE    A  Til  KX/K  D  M 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '07 


SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  S 
LIST. 

On  TUESDAY  NHXT,  price  One  Shilling. 

CORNHILL  MAGAZINE 


Contents. 

Chapters    4-6.      By 


For  FKHRl'AEY 

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Ac. 
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103 


MESSRS.    BELL'S    EDUCATIONAL    BOOKS. 


BOOKS    FOR    EXAMINATIONS    OF   1897-8. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE  LOCAL 
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JUNIOR  AND  SENIOR;  DECEMBER,  1897. 
Virgil's  jEneid.    Book  XII.    Edited  by  the  late 

Rev.  J.  G.  SHEPPARD,  DC  L.  Is.  6d.  (Virgil,  Complete  Text 
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***  Translation  by  W.  A.  McDEVITTE,  B.A.    Is. 

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'.'  Translation  by  E.  P.  COLERIDGE,  B.A.    Is. 

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UNIVERSITY  OF  OXFORD  LOCAL 
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JULY,  1897. 
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LONG    M  A.    Books  IV.   and  V.    Is.  Gd.    (Cirsar,  Complete  Text 
only.  Is.  Gd. ) 

%*  Translation  by  W.  A.  McDF.VITTE,  B.A.    Is. 

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V  Translation  by  Rev.  J.  S.  WATSON.    Is. 

Euripides.-Alcestis.    Edited  by  F.  A.  Paley, 

MA, LL.D.    Is  Gd.    (Euripides.  Complete  Text  only,  3  vols  2s. each.) 
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MA.     2s.     (Horace,  Complete  Text  only,  Is  Gd  ) 

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Livy.     Book  XXII.     Edited,  with  Notes,  by  L.  D. 

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lrinity  College,  Dublin.    2s. 

Sophocles— Antigone.    By  F.  A.  Paley,  ll.d. 

Is.  Oil.    (Sophocles,  Complete  Text  only,  2s.  Gd.) 

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Byron's  Childe  Harold.    Cantos  III.  and  IV 

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Notes  on  Shakespeare's  Hamlet.    By  T.  Duff 

BARNETT,  B.A.     Is. 

Hauff's  The  Caravan.    Translated  by  S.  Mendel. 


OXFORD  AND  CAMBRIDGE  SCHOOLS 

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HIGHER  CERTIFICATE  EXAMINATION, 

JULY,  1897. 
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L.  D.  DOWDALL,  M.A.  B  D.    2s.    Translation,  5s. 

Plautus.— The  Trinummus.  With  Notes,  Critical 

and  Exegetical.    By  WILHELM  WAGNER,  Ph.D.     Sixth  Edition 

4,S.    t)((. 

Virgil's  jEneid.   Books  I.  and  II.   III.   Coning- 

ton's  Edition.     Edited  by  the  late  Rev    J.  G.  SHEPHERD     Is  ti  / 
each.    (Virgil,  Complete  Text  only.    2s.) 

*.*  Translation  by  A.  HAMILTON  BRYCE.    Is. 

Aeschylus— Agamemnon.  Edited  by  F.  A.  Paley, 

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Euripides— Hecuba  and  Bacchae.    Edited  by 

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Sophocles— Antigone,  ffidipus  Tyrannus.    By 

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Js.  Gd. )  ' 

V  Translations  by  E.  P.  COLERIDGE,  B.A.     Is  each. 

Thucydides.    Book  I.   By  the  late  R.  Shilleto, 

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Moliere— Le  Misanthrope.    Edited  by  m.Gafc. 

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Racine's  Athalie.     Edited  by  m.  Gasc.    With 

Arguments  and  Notes.     Gd. 

Goethe.— Iphigenie.    Translated  by  Anna  Swan- 

Wl(  Iv      u 

Schiller's  Maria  Stuart.  By  v.  Kastnkr,  B.-cs-L., 

Lecturer  on  I'lenoh  Language  and  Literature,  Owens  College  Man- 
chester.    Thud  Edition      Is  Gd. 

Hauff's  The  Caravan.    Translated  by  S.  Mendel. 

I  . 

Notes  on  Shakespeare's  King  Lear.  By  T.  Dum 
bAbnbtt,  ii  A    li 

Notes  on  Shakespeare's  Henry  V.    By  T.  Dxret 

BAENaTT,  II  A.    I...  J 

Ten  Brink's  History  of  English  Literature. 

»  voIb  ti  0d  emeh 


LONDON  UNIVERSITY  EXAMINATIONS 

18<>7. 

MATRICULATION,  June,  1897. 
Cassar.-De  Bello  Gallico.    Books  II.  and  III. 

Edited,  with  Notes,  by  GEORGE  LONG.  M  A.     is  Gd. 
%♦  Translation  by  W.  McDEVITTE.    Is. 

Euripides.-Alcestis.      Edited,   with    Notes,    by 

F.  A.  PALEY,  LL  D     Is  6<f. 

%*  Translation  by  E.  P.  COLERIDGE,  B.A.    Is. 

MATRICULATION,  Jan.  1898. 

Livy.     Book  XXII.     Kdited,  with  Notes,  by  L.  D 

TrinUy'coUege!  DUU,"  '  2?  SCh°'ar  aDd  "^  StUdent  0l 
***  Translation,  5s. 

Xenophon— Cyropaedia.     Book  I.     By  g.  M. 

GORHAM,  M.A  .  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge     Is  M 
*,*  Translation  by  J.  s.  WATSON,  M  A.    5s. 

INTERMEDIATE,  1897. 
Virgil— Eclogues.  Conington's  Edition,  Abridged 

by  Prof.  HENRY  NETl'LESHIP,     Is  Gd. 

V  Translation  by  A.  HAMILTON  BRYCE,  LL.D.    Is. 

Euripides—  Bacchas.       Edited,   with   Notes,    by 

F.  A.  PALEY,  LL.D.     Is  6d 

*,*  Translation  by  E.  P.  COLERIDGE,  B  A.    Is. 

Chaucer's  Minor  Poems  (A  Selection^.    Edited, 

with  Introduction,  Notes,  and  Glossary,  by  J.  B,  HILDERBECK 

Ten  Brink's  Early  English  Literature.  Vol.  II. 

«?5tai»,i"iB  lh,e  ^e,rioa  Set)-     iranslated  by  W.  ILARKE  ROBIN- 

Notes  on  Shakespeare's  Midsummer  Night's 

DREAM.     By  T.  DOFF  BARNETT,  B  A.    Crown  Svo.  Is. 

Notes   on   Shakespeare's   Much  Ado  About 

NOTHING.     By  T.  DOFF  RAKNETT,  B  A.    Crown  8vo.  Is. 

COLLEGE    OF  PRECEPTORS    PUPILS' 
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N°  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


107 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY  23,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

Autobiographies  and  Letters  of  Gibbon    

A  History  of  Widdin  

A  Book  on  the  French  Revolution     

Bibliography  of  Eikon  Basiliks         

The  Thackkrays  in  India  

New  Novels  (The  Queen's  Cup  ;  The  Backslider;  After 

Long  Waiting;  Cynthia;   The  Career  of  Candida; 

A  Man  of  Honour ;  Of  the  Deepest  Dye ;  Sidartha  ; 

Without  Faith  or  Fear  ;  The  Borderer)         ...      112 

Patristic  Literature  

The  Libraries  of  Fiction 

Scottish  Stories         

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books     

Prof.    Maspero's     '  Struggle    of    the    Nations  '; 

Count  Bestuzhev-Ryumin;   Hilary,  Bishop  of 

Chichester;  'Dumfries  and  Galloway'       115 

Literary  Gossip  

Science— Geographical  Literature;  Astronomical 

Notes;  Societies;  Meetings;  Gossip  ...  118 
Fine  Arts— Old  Cornish  Crosses  ;  Annuals  ;  Peter 

borough  Cathedral;  Gossip 


PAGE 

107 
108 
108 
110 
111 


-113 
113 
113 
113 
114 


116 
117 


—119 


119—121 


Music— The  Week;  Recent  Publications;  Gossip; 

Performances  Next  Week    122—123 

Drama— Gossip 124 

Miscellanea      124 


LITERATURE 


The  Autobiographies  of  Edward  Gibbon.  Edited 

by  John  Murray.     (Murray.) 
Private   Letters   of   Edward    Gibbon   (2753- 

1792/.).     With    an    Introduction    by    the 

Earl    of    Sheffield.      Edited    by    E.    E. 

Prothero.  2  vols.  (Same  publisher.) 
Lord  Sheffield  and  Mr.  Murray  alike 
deserve  to  be  congratulated  on  the  issue  of 
these  interesting  volumes,  one  of  which  con- 
tains the  six  narratives  out  of  which  Maria 
Holroyd  constructed,  with  truly  admirable 
skill,  the  celebrated  autobiography  that  has 
done  so  much  to  preserve  Gibbon's  fame, 
while  the  other  two  contain  the  letters 
from  which  the  first  Lord  Sheffield  printed 
judicious  extracts,  and  add  a  number  of 
others  which  have  not  been  before  pub- 
lished. 

The  present  Lord  Sheffield  has  un- 
doubtedly done  wisely  in  considering 
that  the  lapse  of  a  century  has  released 
him  from  obedience  to  the  injunction 
of  his  grandfather  that  nothing  more 
should  be  given  to  the  world  from  Gibbon's 
papers  than  he  had  either  printed  or  left 
marked  for  publication  ;  but  it  is  difficult  to 
agree  with  the  assertion  that  "  many  of  the 
most  piquant  passages  that  Gibbon  ever 
wrote  were  suppressed  by  the  caution  or 
the  delicacy  of  his  editor  and  his  family." 
We  cannot  think  that  in  saying  this  the 
Earl  has  done  justice  to  the  skill  and 
tact  with  which  the  first  lord  and  his 
daughter  constructed  from  the  six  narratives 
befora  them  the  autobiography  that  they 
printed.  As  published  in  an  augmented 
form  in  the  second  edition,  it  contains,  it 
seems  to  us,  nearly  everything  of  value  to  be 
found  in  the  sketches  that  the  historian  com- 
posed. That  when  he  caught  at  his  friend's 
idea  that  he  should  write  an  autobiography, 
Gibbon  should  have  put  on  paper  so  many 
versions  is  characteristic  of  the  man  who 
says  of  his  great  work  : — 

''  Many  experiments  were  made  before  I  could 
hit  the  middle  tone  between  a  dull  Chronicle  and 
a  Rhetorical  declamation  ;  three  times  did  I  com- 
pose the  first  chapter,  and  twice  the  second  and 
third,  before  I  was  tolerably  satisfied  with  the 
t." 

Bat   the  successive  versions  most  of    them 


repeat  with  slight  variations  the  same  facts 
and  sentiments,  and  the  original  editors 
pieced  together  the  narrative  so  adroitly  that 
they  left  out  hardly  anything  that  was  of  in- 
terest. The  omissions  seem,  as  the  present 
Lord  Sheffield  says,  to  have  been  mostly  dic- 
tated by  a  regard  for  the  reputation  of  their 
deceased  friend.  Thus  occasionally  a  phrase 
has  been  omitted  that  seemed  to  do  little 
credit  to  Gibbon's  heart.  For  example,  in 
the  narrative  which  Mr.  Murray  has  rightly 
placed  first,  he  says  of  the  loss  of  his 
mother  : — 

"As  I  had  seldom  enjoyed  the  smiles  of 
maternal  tenderness  she  was  rather  the  object 
of  my  respect  than  of  my  love  :  some  natural 
tears  were  soon  wiped." 

This  was  erased,  as  well  as  the  equally  cold 
reflections  on  his  father's  death  : — 

"  The  tears  of  a  son  are  seldom  lasting 

Few,  perhaps,  are  the  children  who,  after  the 
expiration  of  some  months  or  years,  would 
sincerely  rejoyce  in  the  resurrection  of  their 
parents  ;  and  it  is  a  melancholy  truth,  that  my 
father's  death,  not  unhappy  for  himself,  was 
the  only  event  that  could  save  me  from  an 
hopeless  life  of  obscurity  and  indigence." 

An  interesting  sentence  in  Memoir  B,  in 
which  he  gives  a  vivid  idea  of  the  difference 
of  tastes  between  him  and  his  father,  was 
expunged : — 

"  When  he  galloped  away  on  a  fleet  hunter  to 
follow  the  Duke  of  Richmond's  foxhounds,  I 
saw  him  depart  without  a  wish  to  join  in  the 
sport ;  and  in  the  command  of  an  ample  manour, 
I  valued  the  supply  of  the  kitchen  much  more 
than  the  exercise  of  the  field." 

When  Gibbon  complacently  remarks  that 
he  would  have  been  a  good  match  for  Mile. 
Ourchod,  "  her  parents,"  says  the  published 
biography,  "honourably  encouraged  a  con- 
nection," but  Memoir  B  adds,  "  which  might 
raise  their  daughter  above  want  and  de- 
pendence" ;  and  a  little  lower  down  Gibbon, 
who  never  seems  to  have  quite  forgiven  his 
old  flame  for  the  brilliant  marriage  she 
made,  somewhat  spitefully  remarked  in  a 
passage  hitherto  unprinted  :  — 

"The  Dutchess  of  Grafton  (now  Lady  Ossory) 
has  often  told  me  that  she  had  nearly  engaged 
Mademoiselle  Curchod  as  a  Governess,  and  her 
declining  a  life  of  servitude  was  most  probably 
blamed  by  the  wisdom  of  her  short-sighted 
friends." 

The  sketches  in  Memoir  B  of  M.  Pavil- 
liard,  the  pastor  at  Lausanne  to  whose  care 
he  was  consigned  after  his  conversion  to 
Romanism,  and  of  Madame  Pavilliard,  were 
apparently  regarded  as  too  outspoken  : — 

"  But  truth  compells  me  to  own,  that  my  best 
prseceptor  was  not  himself  eminent  for  genius  or 
learning.  Even  the  real  measure  of  his  talents 
was  under-rated  in  the  public  opinion  :  the  soft 
credulity  of  his  temper  exposed  him  to  frequent 
imposition  ;  and  his  want  of  eloquence  and 
memory  in  the  pulpit  disqualified  him  for  the 
most  popular  duty  of  his  office." 

"  The  Minister's  wife,  Madame  Pavilliard, 
governed  our  domestic  oeconomy  :  I  now  speak 
of  her  without  resentment,  but  in  sober  truth 
she  was  utdy,  dirty,  proud,  ill-tempered  and 
covetous.  Our  hours,  of  twelve  for  dinner,  of 
seven  for  supper,  were  arbitrary,  though  incon- 
venient customs  ;  the  appetito  of  a  young  man 
might  have  overlooked  the  badness  of  the 
materials  and  cookery,  but  his  appetite  was  far 
from  being  satisfied  with  the  scantiness  of  our 
daily  meals,  and  more  than  one  sense  was 
offended  by  the  appearance  of  the  table  which 
during  eight [?]  successive  days  was  regularly 
covered  with  the  same  liuncn." 


The  following  remark  on  Yoltaire  seems 
also  to  have  been  considered  too  bitter : 
"  But  it  was  not  without  much  reluctance 
and  ill-humour,"  says  Gibbon  in  Memoir  B, 
speaking  of  the  performances  at  Monrepos, 

"  that  the  envious  bard  allowed  the  representa- 
tion of  the  Iphigenie  of  Racine.  The  parts  of 
the  young  and  fair  were  distorted  by  his  fat 
and  ugly  niece,  Madame  Denys,  who  could  not, 
like  our  admirable  Pritchard,  make  the  spec- 
tators forget  the  defects  of  her  age  and  person." 

A  passage  in  Memoir  C  regarding  his 
residence  at  Buriton  is  a  characteristic 
account  of  his  religious  scepticism  : — 

"After   my  library,  I    must   not  forget   an 
occasional  place    of    weekly  study,   the    parish 
Church,    which    I    frequented  commonly  twice 
every  Sunday  in  conformity  with  the  pious  or 
decent  custom  of  the    family.     I  deposited  ill 
our  pew  the  octavo  Volumes  of  Grabe's  Septua- 
gint,  and  a  Greek   Testament  of    a  convenient 
edition  ;    and    in    the    lessons,    Gospels,     and 
Epistles  of    the  morning  and  evening  service, 
I  accompanied  the  reader  in  the    original  text, 
or  the  most  ancient  version  of  the  Bible.     Nor 
was  the  use    of    this  study  confined  to  words 
alone :    during  the  psalms,   at    least,   and    the 
sermon  I  revolved  the  sense   of    the  chapters 
which  I  had  read  and  heard  ;  and  the  doubts, 
alas  !  or  objections  that   invincibly  rushed   on 
my  mind  were  almost  always  multiplied  by  the 
learned  expositors  whom  I    consulted  on    my 
return  home.     Of    these  Ecclesiastical  medita- 
tions few  were  transcribed,  and  still  fewer  have 
been  preserved  ;  but  I  find   among  my  papers 
a  polite  and  elaborate    reply  from    Dr.    Hurd 
(now   Bishop   of    Worcester),  to  whom    I  had 
addressed,  without  my  name,  a  critical  disquisi- 
tion   on    the    sixth    Chapter    of    the    book  of 
Daniel.     Since  my  escape  from  Popery  I  had 
humbly  acquiesced  in  the  common  creed  of  the 
Protestant  Churches  ;  but  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  year  1759  the  famous    treatise  of  Grotius 
(de   veritate   Religionis     Christianas)   first    en- 
gaged me  in   a   regular   tryal  of   the  evidence 
of  Christianity.     By  every  possible  light  that 
reason  and  history  can  afford,  I  have  repeatedly 
viewed  the  important  subject ;    nor  was  it  my 
fault  if  I  said  with  Montesquieu,  'Je  lis  pour 
m'edifier  mais  cette  lecture  produit  souvent  en 
moi  un  effet  tout  contraire,'  since  I  am  conscious 
to  myself  that  the  love  of  truth  and  the  spirit  of 
freedom  directed  my  search.     The  most  accu- 
rate philosophers  and  the  most  orthodox  Divines 
will  perhaps    agree  that  the  belief  of  miracles 
and  mysteries  cannot  be  supported  on  the  brittle 
basis,  the  distant  report,  of  human  testimony, 
and  that  the   faith  as  well  as  the  virtue  of  a 
Christian  must  be  formed  and  fortified  by  the 
inspiration  of  Grace." 

Mr.  Murray  has  done  his  readers  a  service 
by  printing  the  narratives  entire,  and 
placing  them  one  after  another.  It  is  a 
fortunate  thing  he  has  done  so,  for  future 
editors  will  probably  economize  space  by 
printing  merely  the  chief  variants  from  Lord 
Sheffield's  text  in  an  appendix ;  but  the 
student  of  Gibbon  will  always  accord  a  pre- 
ference to  the  edition  before  us. 

The  two  volumes  of  letters  have  been  pre- 
pared for  publication  by  Mr.  Prothero  with 
exemplary  diligence,  and  ho  has  annotated 
them  in  a  manner  that  shows  a  comprehen- 
sive knowledge  of  the  period  they  embrace. 
The  majority  of  them  aro  now  printed  for 
tho  first  time  ;  in  others  tho  passages  that 
Lord  Sheffield  omitted  have  been  restored, 
and  names  which  ho  left  blank  have  been 
filled  in.  In  fact,  nothing  could  be  more 
satisfactory  than  the  editing,  It  cannot, 
however,  be  said  that  GKbbon  shono  as  a 
letter-writer  ;  he  was  negligent  of  the  letters 


108 


THE     AT  II  KN/K  0  M 


N«3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


ho  roi leived  (in  fact,  Lord  Sheffield  tells  turn, 
'■  \  on  aro  so  awkward  and  careless  about 
letters  that  I  do  not  like  to  write  to  you, 
exoept  about  matters  that  might  ho  pub- 
lished at  Oharing  Cross  "),  and  he  serins  not 
to  havo  been  over  fond  oz  writing. 

Many  of  his  letters  an;  short,  and  a 
number  of  them  aro  dry  reading,  because 
they  aro  mainly  concerned  with  money 
matters,  which  Gibbon  did  not  manage  par- 
ticularly well.  When  he  let  his  farm 
at  Buriton,  his  tenant  proved  unsatis- 
factory ;  and  although  ho  fancied  ho  had 
sold  his  Bucks  estate  for  20,000/.,  the  pur- 
chaser declined  to  comploto  his  bargain,  and 
whon  tho  property  was  finally  sold,  eleven 
years  subsequently,  it  only  produced  some 
15,500/.  Whon  touching  on  political  matters 
Gibbon  ■writes  in  a  cold  and  dissatisfied 
tone.  lie  seems  to  have  been  aware  of  the 
charge  that  he  had  sold  his  vote  to  Lord 
North  for  a  seat  on  the  Board  of  Trade; 
and  ho  writes  as  if  ho  were  trying  to  shut 
his  eyes  to  the  lamentable  results  of  the 
policy  he  supported  by  his  "silent  vote." 
The  letters  to  his  stepmother  are  the  best, 
and  yet  they  lack  sparkle.  The  following 
extract,  apologizing  for  his  shortcomings 
as  a  correspondent,  is  a  fair  specimen  :  — 

"  I  am  still  alive,  and  in  spite  of  the  influenza 
perfectly  well.  But  why  have  you  not  at  least 
written  one  line  in  so  very  long  a  space  of  time  1 
All  that  I  can  say  on  the  subject  is  to  declare 
with  the  utmost  sincerity  that  not  a  single 
morning  has  arisen  without  my  forming  the 
resolution  to  write  before  the  evening,  and  that 
not  a  single  evening  post-bell  has  rang  without 
sounding  the  alarm  to  my  conscience.  In  the  mean 
time,  days,  hours  and  weeks  have  imperceptibly 
rolled  away  :  a  perpetual  hurry  and  long  days 
of  Parliamentary  business,  the  whole  world 
coming  to  town  at  once,  and  a  great  deal  of 
occupation  at  home  relative  to  my  History, 
which  will  come  out  some  time  after  Christmas. 
In  a  word,  1  do  not  like  to  write  to  you,  but  I 
want  very  much  to  see  you." 

This  is  a  great  contrast  to  some  letters 
from  Lady  Maria  Holroyd  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  second  volume.  It  is  amusing 
to  observe  that  her  father  actually  had  the 
courage,  on  his  visit  to  Lausanne  in  1791, 
to  tell  his  old  friend  of  the  shortcomings  of 
the  house  and  garden  on  which  he  prided 
himself.  On  his  return  to  England,  Lord 
Sheffield  wrote  : — 

"I  have  not  thought  so  bad  of  your  taste, 
since  I  heard  the  vile  unmeaning  masses  are 
removed  from  your  Terrace,  and  I  hope  most  of 
the  vulgar  flower-pots.  You  have  not  given  a 
tolerable  reason  for  preferring  a  bed-chamber 
which  cannot  have  a  good  approach,  without 
indeed  a  very  great  expence.  What  I  propose, 
may  be  done  without  spoiling  your  Library,  and 
without   disturbing    you    in    that    comfortable 

room The  alteration  of  the  staircase  would 

do  away  the  most  awkward  entrance  I  ever 
saw  into  an  House  at  a  very  small  expense." 
Gibbon  twenty  years  before  had  told  Lord 
Sheffield  that  "your  drawing-room  will 
never  do"  ;  but  this  plainspoken  criticism  is 
more  than  a  sufficient  retort.  Mr.  Prothero 
might  havo  told  in  a  note  if  any  part  of 
Gibbon's  house  at  Lausanne  remains.  Other 
nations,  when  they  desire  to  commemorate 
a  great  man,  put  up  a  monument  to  him,  but 
the  Swiss  call  an  hotel  after  him.  As  every 
one  knows,  an  "  Hotel  Gibbon"  covers  tho 
ground  that  was  tho  historian's  garden,  but 
Mr.  Murray's  red  handbook  says  the  house, 
although  greatly  altered,  is  still  in  existence. 


There  aro  few  misprints  in  these  hand- 
some volum<  B,  and  none  of  consequence. 
Gibbon  was  careless,  and  very  possibly  he 
spelled   Burgersdieiut  "  Burgers'  dicius,"  as 

Mr.  1 'rot hero  represents  him  as  doing  ;  but 
it  is  difficult  to  believe  ho  wrote  "  Phut  au 
ciel  "  for  plut  au  < 


The  Chronicles  of  a  Virgin  Fortress:  being 
some  unrecorded  Chapters  of  Turkish  am!  Bul- 
garian History.  By  William  V.  Herbert. 
(Osgood,  Mcllvaino  &  Co.) 
Mr.  Herbert's  'Defence  of  Plevna'  will 
unquestionably  command  a  hearing  for  his 
second  book.  His  experience  as  an 
officer  in  the  Turkish  service  and  his 
personal  acquaintance  with  the  country 
lend  his  history  a  certain  authority, 
and  to  this  he  adds  tho  information 
derived  from  certain  papers  handed  to  him 
by  another  officer  of  the  Ottoman  army, 
and  by  an  Austrian  Jew  of  W7iddin,  the 
"  Virgin  Fortress  "  which  gives  a  title  to  his 
book.  We  must  sny  we  should  have  liked 
it  better  if  Mr.  Herbert  had  authenticated 
his  documents  by  some  name  or  reference 
which  could  be  tested  ;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  we  must  admit  that  we  have  not 
found  his  facts  inaccurate  so  far  as  we  have 
been  able  to  test  them.  The  book  is,  of 
course,  in  the  nature  of  a  specialist's  work : 
it  will  not  appeal  to  those  who  are  not 
interested  in  the  history  of  the  Balkan 
provinces ;  but  even  these  may  find  some- 
thing to  challenge  attention  in  the  annals 
of  an  invincible  fortress,  round  which  many 
a  critical  fight  has  been  waged.  Mr.  Her- 
bert knows  how  to  tell  his  story  with  effect, 
and  a  tendency  to  "  smartness  "  and  epigram 
may  be  condoned  in  consideration  of  the 
really  excellent  manner  in  which  he  has 
treated  his  main  subject. 

The  early  history  of  Widdin  is  dismissed 
in  about  thirty  pages,  when  we  reach  the 
outbreak  of  the  Crimean  War,  and  the  chief 
interest  of  the  chronicle  consists,  not  in 
battles  and  sieges,  but  in  three  prominent 
leaders — Pasvan  Oglu,  Omar  Pasha,  and 
Osman  Ghazi.  But  before  referring  to 
these  we  ought  to  cite  Mr.  Herbert's 
humorous  description  of  Widdin  itself.  It 
is  too  long  to  quote  in  entirety,  but  an 
extract  will  show  his  manner  : — 

"What  a  charming  town  was  Widdin  [in 
1877]  at  a  safe  distance  !  Seen  from  the  height 
of  the  hills,  four  to  five  miles  away,  with  its 
white  house  fronts,  its  patches  of  dark  green 
foliage,  its  towering  castle,  its  thirty-three 
slender  and  graceful  minarets,  its  twenty 
domes — breaking  the  monotony  of  housetops 
and  chimneypots  which  is  so  fatal  to  the  beauty 
of  many  a  western  city — with  the  blue  waters 
of  a  majestic  river  embracing  it,  and  the  back- 
ground of  Roumania's  green,  fertile,  sheep- 
studded  plains,  flooded  with  the  spring  sunlight, 
when  the  landscape  had  just  drunk  its  fill  in 
the  heavy  April  showers — Widdin,  such  as  I 
beheld  it  for  the  first  time,  presented  a  picture  of 
surpassing  loveliness.  Secondly,  what  a  dirty, 
squalid,  rickety,  dilapidated  town  was  Widdin. 
The  streets  were  tortuous,  narrow,  dark,  badly 

paved everything    was  crooked    and  out  of 

tho    horizontal,  and    most  of    the    houses  were 

decidedly  out  of  the  perpendicular fully  one 

half  were  in  ruins,  fully  a  fourth  were  un- 
occupied  Widdin  was  essentially  a  town  of 

insects.  Never  before  have  I  beheld  or  ft.  It  so 
much  vermin  congregating  in  one  place.  Flies 
and  bluebottles  of  astonishing  pertinaciousness 
and  greed  ;  big,  full-bodied,  bloodthirsty  fleas 


by  the  million  ;  bugs,  ants,  lice,  mosquitoes, 
w.isj.  ,  and   blackbeetles  ;   all   ft 

and  conditions  of  multipeds,  European  and 
ic  ;  swift-winged  tormentors  and  nasty 
crawling  things  ;  little  dots  of  mites,  and  horned 
monsters  a  couple  of  inches  long  ;  scores  of 
Bpeciea  never  named,  never  classified,  never 
dreamt  of  hy  our  naturalists,  eacli  palsied  house, 
eacli  cra/.y  novel,  each  uncleanly,  overcrowded 
room,  eacli  rotten  hoard,  each  piece  of  furniture, 
and  each  native  pariah  —  human,  canine,  or  feline 
—  was  a  breeding  place  for  teeming  myriads. 
The  bluebottles  actually  alighted  on  the  spoons 
and  forks  as  they  were  led  to  the  mouth  ;  horrible 
carrion- worms  ft   foot    long    crawled    about    the 

streets    in    perfect    security Fifthly,    lastly, 

and  most  emphatically,  Widdin  stank.  Heavens, 
how  it  stank  !  Of  gutters  serving  as  drains  ;  of 
sewage,  offal,  and  every  description  of  dirt  col- 
lected in  the  thoroughfares,"  &.c. 

On  the  whole,  Widdin  does  not  strike  us 
as  a  particularly  agreeable  place  to  live  in. 
There  appear  to  be  (or  have  been  in  1877) 
no  amusements,  no  society,  and  only  a 
magnificent  chance  of  catching  something 
unpleasant.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are 
points  in  its  histor}"  which  every  one  will 
admire,  and  nothing  is  more  curious  than 
the  development  of  Widdin's  famous  resi- 
dent— 

"  the  transformation  of  Michael  Lattas,  Croatian 
deserter,  via  the  intermediary  stages  of  Omar 
Effendi,  scribe  and  absconding  debtor,  Captain 
Omar,  teacher  of  writing  to  the  imperial  family, 
and  Colonel  Omar  Bey,  victor  of  Beksaya,  to 
the  goal  of  Omar  Pasha,  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Ottoman  army  during  the  Crimean 
War." 

Mr.  Herbert's  vigorous  description  of  the 
thirty-six  days'  siege  of  the  Virgin  Fortress 
in  the  winter  of  1877-8  will  be  read  with 
special  interest.  This  testimony  to  the 
courage  and  steadiness  of  the  Turkish  gar- 
rison— which  held  out  and  repulsed  the 
besiegers  even  after  Plevna  had  fallen — 
agrees  with  what  Moltke  said.  Indeed,  Mr. 
Herbert  is  a  thorough  admirer  of  the 
gallant  Turk,  though  he  is  not  blind  to  the 
vices  of  his  leaders.  Altogether,  this  is  a 
book  to  be  read ;  but  to  obtain  the  true  local 
flavour  one  ought  first  to  dine  with  Mr. 
Herbert  on  Danube  sprats,  boiled  rice, 
coffee,  and  a  glass  of  Slivovitz,  in  the  dingy 
restaurant  overlooking  the  river,  and  kept 
by  tho  renowned  Mr.  Schlobberoboffsko- 
vitzki,  whose  very  name  is  an  epitome — if 
epitomes  may  be  stretched  out — of  the 
history  and  ethnology  of  the  place. 


The  Diary  of  a  Citizen  of  Paris  during  "  the 
Terror."  By  Edmond  Biro.  Translated 
and  edited  by  John  de  Villiers.  2  vols. 
(Chatto  &  Windus.) 
That  the  period  here  dealt  with,  being 
modern  and  circumscribed,  demands  from 
the  archivist  far  less  labour  than  the 
treatment  of  earlier  times  is  a  fact  which 
need  not  deter  us  from  congratulating  M. 
Biro  on  having  achieved  for  his  chosen  epoch 
that  which  more  than  fifty  years  ago  M. 
Monteil  did  for  the  old  regime  in  that  monu- 
ment of  research  his  '  Histoire  des  Francais 
des  divers  Ktats.'  Nor  would  it  be  fair  to 
ignore  the  art  with  which  an  immense  amount 
of  details — culled  mostly  from  contemporary 
newspapers,  but  not  infrequently  also  from 
rare  books,  pamphlets,  and  posters  —  is 
interwoven  so  deftly  as  sometimes  to  make 
tho  reader  forget  that  the  journal  is 
avowedly  that  of  an  imaginary  person. 


N°  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


109 


The   citizen's  record  covers  the  thirteen 
months    which,    beginning   with    the    first 
meeting  of  the  Convention  and  the  abolition 
of    the    monarchy,    September  20th,    1792, 
saw  the  execution  of  the  king  the  following 
January,    and    ended  with    the    retributive 
justice,  as  it  is  here  deemed,  which  extin- 
guished  the    Girondists   by   means   of   the 
guillotine,   October  31st,  1793.     Quotations 
from  the  speeches  and  writings  of  the  Con- 
ventionnels  are  illuminated  by  authenticated 
and  admirably  introduced  references  to  the 
surroundings  and    personal  characteristics, 
not  only  of  the  leaders  of  the  several  factions, 
but    also  of    the  more  prominent  of   their 
followers.     We  see   the  Convention    as    it 
appeared  to  those  who  frequented  it.     We 
recently  traced  the  unconscious  fashion  in 
which  Duquesnoy,  a  member  of  the   Con- 
stituent   Assembly,  gradually    became    an 
ardent    patriot ;    and     now    not    the    least 
interesting    portion     of    the    work    under 
review  is   the   chapters    dealing   with   the 
similar,   if  less  irreproachable  transforma- 
tion of  Royalists    into  Conventionnels    and 
regicides.     We  cannot,  however,  altogether 
concur  with  the  conclusion  which  M.  Bire 
draws    therefrom.      Marat,    we    are    told, 
'■'  was    no  Republican  before    the  Revolu- 
tion." In  1790  he  wrote  that  the  monarchical 
form  of  government  was  the  only  one  befitting 
France.     In  February,  1791,  he  declared  in 
the  And  du  Peuple  that,  "  taking  Louis  XVI. 
altogether,  just  as  he  is,  he  is  the  king  we 
want.     We  ought  to  thank  Heaven  for  him 
and    pray  for   his   long  life."      In   former 
days   M.  J.  Chenier  had  in  the  dedicatory 
epistle  of  his  '  Charles  IX.'  exclaimed,  "  0 
Louis  XVI.  !  king  of  justice  and  of  mercy  ! 
you  are  indeed  fitted  to  be  the  leader  of  the 
French."     Again,  Brissot,  when  writing  in 
1780  on  the  rigour  of  the  penal  laws,  argued 
that 

**  to  regicides  especially  no  mercy  must  be  shown. 
Can  we  regretthat  the  executioner's  art  exhausted 
itsresourcesonsuch  creatures  asChatel,  Ravaillac, 
and  Damien,  monsters  sent  from  hell  to  plunge 
our  nation  into  grief  ?  My  pen  refuses  to  cal- 
culate the  punishment  due  to  such  crimes." 

■"  General,  I  am  more  Royalist  than  you," 
was  Danton's  reply  to  Lafayette  in  the 
summer  of  1792  (a  not  altogether  unbiassed 
expression  of  opinion,  for  the  Jacobin  was 
at  the  moment  accepting  large  bribes  from 
the  Court  party).  Numerous  outbursts  of 
monarchical  fervour  down  to  the  same  com- 
paratively late  date  are  also  quoted  from 
such  men  as  Camille  Desmoulins,  Couthon, 
Barere,  Gorsas,  Lequinio,  Gensonne,  Sergent, 
and  many  others,  thus  giving  colour  to  Des- 
moulins's  assertion  that  "  on  July  12th,  1789, 
there  wero  perhaps  not  more  than  ten  Re- 
publicans in  Paris."  Brissot's  estimate  was 
still  lower,  for  in  1791  he  held  that  "  there 
were  only  three  Republicans,  Buzot,  Potion, 
and  himself."  In  October,  1792,  he  asserts 
that  "the  majority  of  tho  French  were  sigh- 
ing for  the  monarchy  and  the  constitution  of 
1791  "  ;  that  "  in  the  towns  people  pretend 
to  be  sans-culoltes  because  they  are  guillotined 
if  they  are  not  "  ;  that  in  reality  "  they  hate 
a  government  imposed  upon  them  by  fear." 
"  From  all  this  evidence,"  says  M.  Biro,  "it 
may  safely  be  concluded  that  Franco  was 
etill  Royalist  in  1792,  that  tho  very  men 
who  proclaimed  thoir  Republican  opinions 
80  loudly  wore  at  heart  no  Republicans  "  ; 
and   that    this   sufficiently   explains    "  the 


origin  and  cause  of  the  persecution,  outrages, 
and  crimes  into  which  the  Republic  of  Sep- 
tember 22nd  was  led."  Then,  for  instance, 
was  Charlotte  Corday's  victim  a  Royalist 
in  disguise  ?  We  ourselves  hold  that 
men  change  their  opinions  with  circum- 
stances, and  that  they  have  a  right  to 
do  so.  It  is  well  to  remember  that 
the  summer  of  1792  saw  Europe  in  arms 
for  the  invasion  of  France,  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  her  new-born  constitution,  and  for 
the  spoliation  of  her  territory.  In  Prud- 
homme's  Revolutions  de  Paris,  No.  172, 
is  a  print  of  the  execution  of  nine  young 
emigres  in  the  Place  de  Greve.  The  scene 
of  butchery  is  ghastly  enough,  the  mob  of 
spectators  brutal  enough  ;  but  from  one  of 
the  windows  of  the  Hotel  de  Ville  floats  a 
banner;  its  inscription,  "  Citoyens,  la  Patrie 
est  en  danger,"  explains  and  apologizes  for 
the  crime.  For  as  Prudhomme  wrote  in  his 
New  Year's  number  for  1793  :  — 

"Francais,  vous  ne  pouvez  rester  plus  long- 
temps  dans  l'e'tat  douteux  on  vous  etes  ;  il  faut 
que  l'anne"e  1793  de'noue  ce  grand  drame 
politique  dont  vous  etes  les  premiers  acteurs  ; 
il  faut  que  cette  anne'e  la  republique  franchise 
soit  tout  a  fait  assise  sur  sa  base,  ou  demembre'e 
ou  redevenue  monarchie.  Votre  France  touche 
a.  1'e'puisement." — Rev.  de  Paris,  No.  182. 
The  Terror  was  patriotism  driven  mad,  an 
aspect  of  which  M.  Bire  seems  to  have  an 
inadequate  perception,  but  which  was  always 
present  to  Carlyle,  who  could  recognize  that 

There  is  some  soul  of  goodness  in  things  evil, 

Would  men  observingly  distil  it  out. 

The  belief  that 
"the  Providence  so  derided  by  the  Girondists 
had  taken  pleasure  in  making  them  traverse 
the  same  painful  path  along  which  they  dragged 
Louis  XVI.,  in  reproducing  in  the  incidents 
which  accompanied  their  fall  each  of  those 
which  marked  the  fall  of  the  monarchy," 
induces  M.  Bire  to  compare  more  minutely 
than  we  remember  to  have  seen  attempted 
before  the  events  of  the  20th  of  June  and 
the  10th  of  August,  1792,  days  so  fatal  to 
the  Crown,  with  those  of  the  10th  of  March 
and  the  2nd  of  June,  1793,  which  were 
similarly  disastrous  to  the  Gironde.  He 
ends  a  series  of  striking  coincidences  by 
discovering  retribution  for  the  death  of 
Marie  Antoinette  in  the  fate  of  her  bitter 
enemy  Madame  Roland.  If  Mirabeau  could 
describe  the  former  as  the  "  only  one  man" 
the  king  had  about  him,  Madame  Roland, 
says  our  author,  might  with  equal  truth  be 
considered  as  the  only  man  among  the 
Girondists,  for  though  these  "possessed 
neither  the  virtue  nor  the  humanity  of 
Louis  XVI.,  they  showed  the  same  indecision 
and  the  same  weakness." 

Among  the  innumerable  dotails  with 
which  these  pages  abound  we  find  Brissot 
wishing  to  place  the  Duke  of  York  upon 
the  French  throne,  whilst  Carra  proposed 
in  all  seriousness  to  secure  it  for  the  Duke 
of  Brunswick.  A  useful  chapter  gives  tho 
number  of  active  citizens  and  of  electors  be- 
longing to  each  of  tho  forty-eight  sections 
of  Paris,  together  with  their  respective 
places  of  meeting.  There  is  an  elaborate 
dissertation  on  the  pictures  at  the  Salon  of 
1793,  when  "tho  scarcity  of  religious  sub- 
jects is  compensated  for  by  tho  abundance 
of  mythological  ones."  We  are  told  at  which 
of  the  different theatrosTalma and  theloading 
actors  aro  appearing ;  we  have  summaries 
of  and  extracts  from  various  plays,  tho  per- 


formance of  which  attracts  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  public  or  the  censure  of  the  Govern- 
ment. There  are  descriptions  of  the  fetes,  of 
the  restaurants,  of  the  expiring  Academie 
Francaise,  of  the  University,  of  journalism, 
of  literature  ;  almost  all  these  subjects  offer 
some  such  anomaly  as  is  presented  by  the 
publication  by  the  ill-fated  Florian  of  his 
'Fables.'  "Placed  before  us  at  the  very 
height  of  the  Terror,"  said  the  Abbe 
Morellet, 

"on  the  morrow  of  the  establishment  of  the 
Revolutionary  Tribunal,  this  charming  book, 
with  its  bright  and  happy  verses,  its  pure  and 
harmless  morals,  seems  to  me  like  a  lamb  that 
has  strayed  from  the  fold  and  fallen  amongst 
wolves." 

Well  told  also  is  the  account  of  the 
"Midnight  Mass"  on  Christmas  Eve,  1792. 
However,  among  the  foot-notes  to  that 
chapter  is  a  quotation  between  inverted 
commas  from  Prudhomme ;  a  portion  of  it 
has,  without  any  hint  to  the  reader,  been 
modified  beyond  recognition.  The  original 
(Rev.  de  Paris,  No.  181,  p.  45)  is,  in  fact, 
too  blasphemous  to  be  reproduced ;  this 
might  have  been  stated,  or  the  quotation 
entirely  omitted. 

M.  Bire  has  greatly  added  to  the  value 
of  his  work  by  the  conscientiousness  with 
which  he  supplies  for  every  statement  his 
authority,  chapter  and  verse.  We  have 
tested  several  of  the  references  to  the 
Moniteur  and  to  Prudhomme' s  journal  Les 
Revolutions  de  Paris,  and  have  found  them, 
with  few  exceptions,  correct.  But  most  of 
the  works  the  author  has  utilized  are 
beyond  our  reach.  On  one  occasion,  in- 
deed, having  been  told   to  "  see  the  curious 

pamphlet by  La  Harpe  entitled  '  Le  Salut 

Public,' "  the  reader  is  informed  in  the 
same  note,  "This  treatise  is  now  nowhere 
to  be  found"  (vol.  i.  p.  349,  note  2)._  We 
think  there  must  be  some  error  either  in  the 
original  authority,  the  Chronique  de  Paris, 
or  else  in  the  copying  therefrom  to  account 
for  the  houses  in  France  being  estimated  at 
so  low  a  number  as  260,000  (vol.  i.  p.  335). 
The  translation  is  able  and  often  spirited, 
the  rendering  of  the  ballads  decidedly  suc- 
cessful. Nevertheless,  has  not  Mr.  de 
Villiers  made  a  slip  when  we  are  told  that 
Louis  XVI.  "  abolished  the  cross-examina- 
tion of  prisoners"?  We  have  not  M.  Biro's 
original  French  edition,  but  we  suspect  the 
words  there  used  to  have  been  "  question 
preparatoire,"  i.e  ,  the  torture  of  accused 
persons  prior  to  their  possiblo  conviction 
(vol.  i.  p.  137).  We  should  have  preferred 
Caracci  to  "  Carracchcs,"  and  do  not  know 
why  Petion  should  throughout  be  defrauded 
of  the  accent.  Wo  do  not  like  General 
"  Hanriot,"  nor  "  Korsaint,"  nor  "Sir 
Francis  d'lvernois."  Wo  misdoubt  "the 
Earl  of  Catherlong."  "  At  least  a  hundred- 
weight of  bread"  (vol.  ii.  p.  171)  hardly 
equals  tho  original  "jusqu'a  cent  pains  de 
quatre  livres  a  la  fois"  (AW.  de  Paris, 
No.  197,  p.  159).  Vol.  ii.  p.  230  contains 
a  remark,  "It  is  therefore  not  entirely 
patriotism,"  &o.,  which,  belonging  to  the 
text,  lias  been  erroneously  incorporated 
with  a  quotation  from  Prudhomme.  Tho 
reference  in  vol.  ii.  p.  89  to  tho  Moniteur  of 
April  11th,  1793,  should  be  to  April  l(5th, 
and  that  in  vol.  ii.  p.  12  to  tho  Moniteur  of 
April  1st,  1793,  wo  have  failed  to  verify, 
with  one  or  two  others. 


110 


T  H  E     ATHENjEUM 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


./  Bibliography  of  th  Kinft  Book  or  Eikon 
BariliJu.  Hy  Edward  Almack,  Member  of 
tho  Bibliographical  Society.  (Blades, 
East  ft  1  Hades.) 
Mi:.  Ai.ma- k  has  attempted  to  solve  one  of 
the  most  difficult  bibliographical  problems, 
and  lias  treated  it  with  great  minuteness  and 
elaboration.  His  descriptions  of  the  examples 
of  different  editions  which  ho  has  scruti- 
nized are  very  detailed  and  very  systematic: 
measurement,  type,  signatures,  paging,  and 
arrangement  of  contents  in  each  copy  aro 
exactly  stated,  whilst  forty-eight  facsimiles 
of  title-pages  facilitate  the  task  of  identifica- 
tion. Amongst  tho  other  illustrations  aro 
also  facsimiles  of  the  title-pages  of  works 
relating  to  the  '  Eikon '  (such  as  Milton's 
'Eikonoklastes  '  and  the  '  Princely  Pelican'), 
reproductions  of  watermarks,  and  four  very 
beautiful  coloured  plates  representing  the 
binding  of  some  early  copies  of  the  '  Eikon.' 
A  facsimile  of  an  autograph  prayer  in  the 
handwriting  of  Charles  I.,  written  about 
February,  1632,  and  closely  resembling  the 
second  prayer  appended  to  tbe  '  Eikon,' 
adds  further  to  the  interest  of  Mr.  Almack's 
volume. 

As  to  the  number  of  editions  published, 
the  author's  conclusion  is  as  follows  : — 

"I  own  I  am  not  ready  to  write  a  definition 
of  an  edition,  but  I  count  that  at  least  24  edi- 
tions were  printed  before  March  25th,  1649, 
and  another  20  before  the  end  of  the  year,  all 
these  44  editions  being  in  English.  In  1649 
there  were  also  three  in  Latin,  four  in  French, 
one  in  German,  and  two  in  Dutch.  This  makes 
54  editions  in  the  first  year.  It  was  again 
printed  at  least  8  times  before  1800,  and  no 
less  than  6  times  in  the  present  centmy. 
These  figures  added  together  make  68  editions." 

In  the  addenda  Mr.  Almack  describes  two 
other  editions  which  came  into  his  hands 
after  the  writing  of  his  preface. 

On  the  question  of  the  first  edition  and 
the  date  of  its  appearance,  the  author's 
conclusion  is  that  the  copy  in  the  Thoma- 
son  Collection  in  the  British  Museum, 
which  Thomason's  note  on  the  fly-leaf  terms 
"  the  first  impression,"  is  in  reality  the 
second,  or  rather  a  later  issue  of  the  first 
edition.  This  is  based  on  the  fact  of  certain 
errors  in  the  pagination  of  one  of  the 
sheets  of  the  earlier  issue,  which  are  cor- 
rected in  Thomason's  copy.  Thomason 
dates  his  copy  February  9th,  which  has 
hitherto  been  accepted  as  the  approximate 
date  of  the  first  appearance  of  the  '  Eikon.' 
Mr.  Almack,  however,  argues  that  the 
'  Eikon '  appeared  on  the  very  day  of  the 
king's  execution,  basing  his  argument  on 
the  fact  that  a  copy  of  the  uncorrected  first 
issue  contains  at  tho  foot  of  the  title- 
page  the  inscription,  "Eliza  Cope,  1648, 
Jan.  30th."  The  defect  in  his  argu- 
ment is  that  there  is  no  evidence  that  the 
date  given  in  tho  Cope  copy  is  meant  to 
represent  the  date  of  acquisition  of  the 
book ;  it  may  merely  be  meant  to  com- 
memorate the  date  of  the  royal  martyr's 
death. 

Considering  Thomason's  position  and 
tho  rapidity  with  which  new  publications 
generally  reached  his  hands,  it  is  extremely 
unlikely  that,  if  the  '  Eikon  '  was  published 
on  January  30th,  ten  days  would  have 
passed  before  he  obtained  a  copy.  Till 
better  proof  of  the  earlier  date  is  forth- 
coming, it  must  be  taken  for  granted  that 


the  'Eikon'  first  appeared  in  the  second  week 
oi  February,  1649. 

While  tho  bibliographical  portion  of 
Mr.  Almack's  work  deserves  great  prs 
his  critical  preface  on  tho  authorship  of 
tho  'Eikon'  is  of  singularly  little  value. 
It  is  prolix,  rambling,  badly  arranged, 
and  full  of  mistakes.  Mr.  Almack 
reprints  a  number  of  documents  and 
extracts  from  pamphlets  bearing  on  the 
Gauden  controversy.  A  collection  of  these 
documents  properly  arranged  and  edited 
would  have  been  a  highly  useful  supplement 
to  his  bibliography,  but  they  are  carelessly 
printed  by  him  and  jumbled  together  in 
tho  most  casual  fashion.  To  devote  ten 
pages  to  printing  in  extenso  the  table  of  con- 
tents of  the  '  Eeliquicc  Sacra)  Carolinse '  is 
pure  waste  of  space,  and  it  would  have  been 
sufficient  to  reprint  the  documents  contained 
in  Mr.  E.  J.  L.  Scott's  preface  to  the 
1  Eikon '  without  reproducing  the  whole 
of  his  essay.  The  arguments  adduced  by 
Mr.  Scott  in  favour  of  the  king's  author- 
ship and  those  which  justify  the  attribution 
of  the  '  Eikon '  to  Bishop  Gauden  were 
stated  at  length  in  the  Athenceum  when  Mr. 
Scott's  edition  first  appeared  (Athenceum, 
May  29th  and  June  12th,  1880).  Though 
there  is  nothing  in  Mr.  Almack's  restate- 
ment of  the  case  to  overthrow  the  con- 
clusions arrived  at  in  those  articles,  it  seems 
to  necessitate  a  summary  of  the  reasons  for 
accepting  Gauden's  claim. 

By  itself  the  claim  which  Gauden  put  for- 
ward at  the  Restoration  would  not  be  conclu- 
sive, for  he  was  not  particularly  scrupulous 
about  the  truth  of  his  statements.  In  this 
case,  however,  his  statements  are  confirmed 
both  by  internal  and  external  evidence.  The 
internal  evidence  is  so  strong  that  it  would 
be  sufficient,  even  without  the  external.  The 
style  of  King  Charles,  as  his  letters  show, 
was  naturally  simple  and  unpretentious, 
though  sometimes  a  little  cumbrous  and 
involved.  Gauden,  on  the  other  hand,  in 
his  letters  as  in  his  controversial  works,  is 
one  of  the  most  rhetorical  and  artificial 
writers  of  his  age.     Like  Sir  Hudibras, 

He  could  not  ope 
His  mouth,  but  out  there  flew  a  trope. 

Now,  as  Mr.  Todd  pointed  out  seventy  years 
ago,  and  as  Mr.  Doble  has  proved  more 
recently  and  in  greater  detail,  the  style  of 
the  'Eikon'  is  the  style  of  Gauden,  and 
not  that  of  Charles  I.  The  vocabulary  of 
Gauden,  the  phraseology,  the  metaphors,  the 
illustrations,  the  playing  on  words,  every  cha- 
racteristic and  every  trick  of  Gauden's  style, 
are  all  to  be  found  in  the  '  Eikon  Basilike.' 

In  the  second  place,  the  ideas  and  the 
sentiments  expressed  in  the  '  Eikon '  are 
tainted  with  the  same  artificiality  as  the 
style.  As  we  read  it  we  feel  that  we  are 
listening  to  the  utterances  of  a  literary 
puppet,  not  to  those  of  a  real  man.  The 
trail  of  the  preacher  is  over  it  all.  Carlyle 
expresses  this  feeling  with  his  usual  vigour: 

"  I  struggled  through  '  Eikon  Basilike  'yester- 
day ;  one  of  the  prettiest  pieces  of  vapid,  shovel- 
hatted,  clear-starched,  immaculate  falsity  and 
cant  I  have  ever  read.  It  is  to  me  an  amazement 
how  any  mortal  could  ever  have  taken  that  for 
a  genuine  hook  of  King  Charles's.  Nothing  but 
asurpliced  Pharisee,  sitting  at  his  ease  afar  off, 
could  have  got  up  such  a  set  of  meditations." 

Tho  temper  and  tho  character  of  the  real 
king  were  quite  different  from  the  temper  and 


character  of  the  monarch  represented  in  the 

'  Eikon.'  The  '  Eikon  '  breathes  throughout 
a  settled  melancholy  and  a  studied  resigna- 
tion :  it  represents  the  king  as  expecting  a 
violent  death  and  a  martyr's  crown  from  the 
very  beginning  of  the  civil  war.  In  reality, 
Charles  was  almost  to  the  end  of  his  life 
sanguine  and  confident,  ever  devising  fresh 
combinations  and  looking  forward  to  the 
ultimate  recovery  of  his  power.  His  letters 
to  the  queen  during  1645  and  1646  are  a 
curious  contrast  to  the  reflections  which  the 
'  Eikon '  attributes  to  him  during  that  period. 
Contemporary  compilers — William  Sander- 
son, for  instance,  in  his  '  History  of 
Charles  I.' — pepper  their  pages  with  ex- 
tracts from  the  '  Eikon '  as  expressing  the 
king's  feelings  at  the  different  turns  in  his 
fortune.  Clarendon,  who  knew  better  what 
the  king's  feelings  really  were,  never  quotes 
the  '  Eikon '  at  all,  but  frequently  refers 
to  the  king's  letters.  On  one  occasion  he 
deliberately  makes  a  disparaging  com- 
parison between  the  '  Eikon  '  and  a  letter 
from  Charles  to  Prince  Rupert.  "The 
ensuing  letter,"  he  sajs, 

"was  so  lively  an  expression  of  his  soul  that 
no  pen  else  could  have  written  it,  and  deserves 
to  be  transmitted  to  posterity  as  a  part  of  the 
portraiture  of  that  incomparable  king,  which  hath 
been  disguised  by  false  or  erroneous  copies  from 
the  true  original." 

Mr.  Almack  fails  to  appreciate  the 
significance  of  the  external  evidence  in 
support  of  Gauden's  authorship  no  less 
than  the  importance  of  the  internal  evi- 
dence. Clarendon's  acceptance  of  Gauden's 
claim  is  the  most  decisive  testimony  to  its 
validity.  At  first,  like  other  Royalists, 
Clarendon  had  accepted  the  '  Eikon '  as 
written  by  the  king.  Writing  to  Nicholas 
in  April,  1649,  and  referring  to  the  passages 
in  the  '  Eikon  '  which  concern  the  queen,  he 
calls  it  "  the  immortal  monument  he  hath 
left  of  his  transcendent  affection  to  and  value 
of  her  Majesty."  In  1662  he  reluctantly 
admitted  his  knowledge  that  Gauden  was 
the  author.  To  Gauden's  repeated  claim  he 
replied: — 

"  The  particular  which  you  often  renewed  I 
do  confess  was  imparted  to  me  under  secrecy, 
and  of  which  I  did  not  take  myself  to  be  at 
liberty  to  take  notice,  and  truly  when  it  ceases 
to  be  a  secret  I  know  nobody  will  be  glad  of  it 
but  Mr.  Milton  :  I  have  very  often  wished  that 
I  had  never  been  trusted  with  it." 

Mr.  Almack  prints  all  the  letters  which 
Gauden  addressed  to  Clarendon  and  Bristol 
in  support  of  his  claim.  He  omits  alto- 
gether Clarendon's  answer  to  the  claim, 
which  Dr.  Wordsworth  so  laboriously  and 
unsuccessfully  endeavoured  to  explain  away. 

The  new  evidence  adduced  in  favour  of 
the  king's  authorship  of  the  'Eikon'  con- 
sists of  two  things.  One  of  these  is  an  ex- 
tract from  the  catalogue  of  Prince  Rupert's 
library,  in  which  Charles  I.  is  twice  de- 
scribed as  tho  author  of  the  '  Eikon.'  This 
is  about  as  conclusive  as  an  attribution  of 
tho  Pentateuch  to  Moses  in  the  same  cata- 
logue would  be. 

Tho  second  piece  of  evidence  is  a  petition 
addressed  by  William  Dugard  to  Charles  II. 
about  December,  1660,  in  wl  ich  he  enume- 
rates his  services  to  the  royal  cause,  and 
includes  amongst  them  the  printing  of 
"The  King's  incomparable  'Eikon  Basi- 
like,' which  he  received  from  Mr.  Simmons, 


N°  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


111 


his  Majesty's  Chaplain."  There  is  nothing 
in  this  which  contradicts  Gauden's  story,  for 
the  witnesses  on  both  sides  agree  that  Sim- 
mons was  the  person  who  conveyed  the 
manuscript  to  the  printer  (see  pp.  92,  99). 
The  question  in  dispute  is  from  whom  Sim- 
mons received  it,  and  on  that  point  the  docu- 
ment throws  no  light.  The  postscript  of  the 
petition,  on  the  other  hand,  with  its  endorse- 
ment of  Gauden's  story  about  the  date  of 
the  composition  of  his  '  Stratosteliteutikon,' 
supplies  another  proof  of  the  suspiciously 
close  relations  between  Dugardand  Gauden. 


The  Thackerays  in  India,  and  some  Calcutta 
Graves.  By  Sir  William  Wilson  Hunter, 
K.O.S.I.  (Frowde.) 
Every  one  knows  that  Thackeray  was  born 
in  Calcutta,  but  before  the  publication  of 
the  present  work  probably  few  beyond  Anglo- 
Indians  had  realized  how  widely  and  deeply 
rooted  in  the  services  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, and  intimately  associated  with  its 
history,  was  the  manly  Yorkshire  family  of 
which  the  great  novelist  was  the  culminat- 
ing genius.  The  Thackerays  formed  a 
typical  Anglo  -  Indian  family  during  the 
most  active  and  glorious  period  of  the 
Company's  administration.  They  threw 
out  branches  into  every  one  of  the 
Company's  services — civil,  military,  and 
medical — and  by  the  network  of  their  inter- 
marriages created  for  themselves  a  ruling 
connexion  both  in  India  and  in  the  Court  of 
Directors  at  home.  The  clear  and  com- 
prehensive manner  in  which  all  this  is 
brought  out  in  Sir  W.  W.  Hunter's  latest 
volume  renders  it  of  considerable  value  to  the 
future  biographer  of  Thackeray,  and  con- 
stitutes its  highest  interest  for  the  general 
reader. 

Describing  the  preparation  of  the  book, 
Sir  William  writes  : — 

"  While  wandering  over  the  three  Presi- 
dencies I  noted  down  some  of  their  [the 
Thackerays']  many  appearances  in  the  old 
manuscript  records,  from  the  Malabar  coast 
on  the  extreme  south-west  to  the  Sylhet  Valley 
in  the  far  north  east  of  India.  No  published 
account  exists  of  them  ;  but  I  have  been  allowed 
to  make  use  of  a  private  family  book  of  the 
Thackerays,  compiled  chiefly  by  an  aunt  of  the 
novelist.  The  two  sets  of  materials,  when 
brought  together  from  the  Indian  archives  and 
the  domestic  papers,  furnish  a  curious  picture 
of  one  of  those  powerful  and  compact,  but  now 
almost  extinct,  family  corporations  which  did 
so  much  to  build  up  British  rule  in  the  East." 

The  first  Indian  Thackeray  was  William 
Makepeace,  the  sixteenth  and  youngest  son 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Thackeray,  Head  Master  of 
Harrow  from  174G  to  1760.  This  William 
Makepeace,  the  grandfather  of  the  novelist, 
was  sent  out  to  India  in  the  Bengal  Civil 
Service  in  1766,  in  his  seventeenth  year, 
and  rose  to  distinction  as  the  first  British 
Resident  in  Sylhet.  In  1776  ho  married 
Amelia,  the  daughter  of  Col.  Richmond- 
Webb  and  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Peter  Moore, 
the  novelist's  guardian,  and  one  of  the 
three  originals — the  other  two  being  Richard 
Becher,  his  mother's  kinsman,  and  Sir 
Richmond  Shakespoar,  his  chivalrous  cousin 
— from  whom,  so  Sir  William  Hunter  con- 
jectures, Thackeray  "touched  off  with  so 
tender  a  pathos "  tho  noble  bearing  of 
Col.  Newcome  under  the  loss  of  fortune 
in    old    age.      It    is   a    trifle   which    has 


escaped  Sir  William  Hunter's  observation 
that  the  Christian  name  of  Thackeray's 
guardian,  Peter  Moore,  was  transmitted,  to 
at  least  five  well  -  known  Anglo  -  Indian 
families  in  the  generation  immediately  fol- 
lowing his  own.  Nothing  could  more  per- 
tinently illustrate  the  "undivided  family" 
organization  of  the  East  India  Company  in 
the  prime  of  its  beneficent  monopoly. 

Of  the  twelve  children  of  William  Make- 
peace (who  died  1813)  and  Amelia  Thackeray, 
who  died  in  1810,  Sir  William  gives  bio- 
graphies of  nine.  The  eldest,  William,  was 
in  tho  Madras  Civil  Service,  chiefly  under 
Sir  Thomas  Monro.  He  rose,  indeed,  to  be 
President  of  the  Board  of  Revenue,  and  pro- 
visional member  of  the  Madras  Council  in 
1820.  But  he  did  not  long  enjoy  these 
honours,  and,  being  obliged  to  take  sick 
leave  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1822, 
died  on  the  voyage.  "The  whole  Presi- 
dency," writes  Sir  William, 

"lamented  his  loss.  Sir  Thomas  Monro  re- 
corded a  last  tribute  to  '  his  integrity  and  long, 
zealous,  and  able  services.'  The  Government 
went  into  public  mourning  for  fourteen  days. 
A  '  Gazette  Extraordinary '  ordered  '  that  the 
flag  of  Fort  St.  George  be  immediately  hoisted 
half-staff  high,  and  continue  so  until  sunset  this 
evening,  and  that  minute  guns,  forty-seven  in 
number,  corresponding  to  the  age  of  the 
deceased  [he  died  in  his  forty-6fth  year],  shall 
be  fired  from  the  ramparts  of  Fort  St.  George.' 
William  Thackeray's  true  memorial  is  to  be 
found  in  the  great  State  Papers  which  he  wrote 
and  in  the  prosperity  of  the  provinces  to  which 
he  brought  justice  and  peace." 

Another  son,  Webb  Thackeray,  appointed 
to  the  Madras  Civil  Service  in  1806,  died 
almost  immediately  on  landing  in  India, 
and  a  third,  St.  John,  sent  out  to  the 
Madras  Civil  Service  in  1809,  was  killed, 
together  with  the  nephew  of  Sir  Thomas 
Monro,  in  a  rural  riot  at  Kittur  in  1824. 
The  Government  despatch  to  the  Court 
of  Directors  speaks  of  his  death  as  a 
public  calamity.  A  fourth  son,  Thomas,  ap- 
pointed an  infantry  cadet  in  1803,  became 
locally  famous  as  an  elephant  hunter  in 
Sylhet,  but  within  eleven  years  of  entering 
the  Company's  army  was  slain  while 
gallantly  covering  tho  retreat  of  his  regi- 
ment from  a  Gurkha  stockade.  "Jus- 
tice to  extraordinary  valour,"  wrote  the 
Marquess  of  Hastings  as  Commander-in- 
Chief, 

"demands  from  the  Commander-in-Chief  the 
recorded  expression  of  his  unfeigned  regret  at 
the  loss  the  service  has  sustained  in  the  fall  of 
Lieut.  Thackeray." 

Again,  he  writes  as  Governor- General  in 
his  despatch  to  the  Court  of  Directors  :  — 

"The  heroic  conduct  of  the  Light  Company, 
2nd  Battalion,  under  the  command  of  Lieut. 
Thackeray,  demands  the  peculiar  and  recorded 
tribute  of  the  Governor-General's  approbation 
and  applause.  His  Lordship  deeply  laments 
the  untimely  fate  of  Lieut.  Thackeray  and  the 
brave  officers  and  men  who  perished  with  him 
in  the  performance  of  the  most  heroic  acts  of 
devotion  to  the  cause  in  which  they  were 
engaged." 
Sir  William  Hunter  adds  : — 

"  I  have  said  that  the  Calcutta  graveyards  arc 
strewn  so  thick  with  heroes  as  to  leave  small 
space  for  separate  monuments.  So  each  frontier 
of  British  India  is  traced  out  with  tombstones 
of  our  gallant  dead,  for  whom  there  was  no  time 
to  write  epitaphs.  The  sole  memorial  of  Lieut. 
Thomas  Thackeray  on  the  heights  of  Jeytuck  is 


the  mention  of  his  name  on  a  slab  to  his  brave 
ensign,  Wilson,  who  died  with  him." 

Charles,  the  youngest  son  of  William 
Makepeace  Thackeray,  went  out  to  India 
as  a  barrister,  and  when  the  versatile 
Stocqueler,  whose  biography  ought  to  be 
written  by  some  one,  bought  the  John 
Bull  of  Calcutta,  and  turned  it  into  the 
Englishman,  Charles  Thackeray  and  John 
Farley  Leith,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
members  of  the  Indian  bar,  became  the 
chief  contributors  to  its  columns.  Macaulay, 
who  was  the  first  to  insist  on  the  freedom  of 
the  press  in  India,  which,  or  the  English 
section  of  it,  had  been  regularly  established 
only  fifteen  years  before  by  James  Silk 
Buckingham  in  1820,  also  contributed  to 
the  Englishnian,  and  one  of  the  papers  he 
sent  to  it  was  his  review  of  the  '  History  of 
the  Earl  of  Chatham,'  by  the  Rev.  Francis 
Thackeray,  one  of  the  sons  of  William 
Makepeace  who  did  not  go  to  India.  Rich- 
mond, his  second  son,  born  in  1781,  was 
appointed  to  the  Bengal  Civil  Service  in 
1798,  and  married  the  beautiful  Anne 
Becher  in  1810,  leaving  her  a  widow  in 
1815,  with  an  only  child,  the  future 
novelist,  just  four  years  old.  She  found 
a  home  among  her  relatives  in  India,  and 
later  married  Capt.  Carmichael  Smyth  ;  but 
the  mother's  influence  remained  with  her 
son  to  the  last  days  of  his  life.  He  left 
Calcutta  in  1817,  when  six  years  old,  and 
forty-four  years  afterwards,  in  one  of  his 
'  Roundabout  Papers,'  refers  to  his  parting 
from  her, 

"remembering  in  long  distant  days  such  a 
ghat  or  river-stair  at  Calcutta  ;  and  a  day  when 
down  those  steps,  to  a  boat  which  was  in  waiting, 
came  two  children  whose  mothers  remained  on 
shore. " 

The  two  children  were  Thackeray  and  his 
cousin  Sir  Richmond  Shakespear.  It  is  a 
typical  scene  from  the  life  of  the  English  in 
India,  and  there  are  few  Anglo-Indians 
who  have  not  acted  both  parts  in  it — of  the 
child  parting  from  parents,  and  again,  in 
after  years,  of  the  parent  parting  from 
children. 

Sir  Richmond  Shakespear  was  the  son  of 
the  brilliant  Bengal  civilian  who  married 
Emily  Thackeray.  Her  sister  Augusta 
married  another  Bengal  civilian,  Mr.  Elliot. 
Two  of  Thackeray's  grand  -  aunts  also 
married  in  India  :  Henrietta  to  Mr.  James 
Harris  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  and 
Jane  to  Major  James  Rennell,  tho  famous 
engineer,  famous  also  as  a  geographer  and 
Surveyor- General  of  Bengal. 

Sir  William  Hunter  is  as  happy  in  his 
broad,  but  careful  treatment  of  the  evonts 
in  which  the  Indian  Thackerays  lived  and 
moved  as  in  the  accurate  and  detailed  way 
in  which  he  has  traced  out  their  individual 
lives.  But  we  have  already  reached  the 
limits  of  the  space  at  our  command,  and  it  is 
in  the  pedigree  of  tho  greatest  novelist  of  the 
past  and  passing  generation  of  Englishmen 
that  our  readers  will  bo  most  interested. 
Wo  will,  therefore,  only  add  that  Sir  William 
nunter  has  never  dono  better  literary  work 
than  in  the  present  vol  nine,  which  is  based  on 
a  magazine  article.  It  is  a  notable  family 
he  has  brought  beforo  his  readers,  tho 
members  of  which,  the  women  as  well  as 
the  men,  by  their  character  and  reputation  all 
influenced  for  good,  and  more  or  less  deter- 
mined the  destiny  of,   tho  most  illustrious 


112 


T  II  K     A  Til  ENiJUM 


N«3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


representative  of  their  stock  ;  and  it  is  to 
Sir  William's  praiso  that  ho  has  proved  him- 
self an  historian  worthy  of  thoni. 


NEW   NOVELS. 


Hie  Qiu<ns  (up.     By  G.  A.  Ilonty.    3  vols. 

(Chatto  ft  Windus.) 
Tins  is  a  good  old-fashioned  story  of  an 
out-of-doors  sort,  and  reads  easily  and  well. 
The  soldier  hero  goes  through  the  Indian 
Mutiny  and  a  long  yachting  cruise  to  Hayti 
in  pursuit  of  his  Bertha,  who  is  carried  off 
in  a  schooner  by  his  rival  Carthew,  a  villain 
of  the  blackest  piratical  dye.  The  scenes 
of  action  have  plenty  of  go,  but  the  little 
love-making  there  is  does  not  satisfy.  It 
is  difficult  to  admire  Bertha  Greendale  as 
a  model  of  her  sex  when  she  addresses  the 
man  she  has  once  refused  with  the  strong 
hint,  "Frank,  are  you  never  going  to  give 
me  a  chance  again?" 


Tlie  Backslider :  a  Story  of  To-day.  By  Con- 
stance Smith.  2  vols.  (Bentley  &  Son.) 
In  'The  Backslider:  a  Story  of  To-day,' 
actuality  and  freshness  have  been  accident- 
ally omitted,  or  we  fail  to  recognize  them. 
The  attempt  to  modernize  the  tone  of  the 
material  has  been  unsuccessful ;  the  matter 
and  manner  are  decidedly  hackneyed,  and 
anything  but  "  the  latest  seed  of  time." 
Miss  Smith  takes  her  situation,  such  as  it 
is,  with  intense  seriousness.  Yet  the  word 
"serious"  scarcely  hits  off  the  aspect  and 
condition  of  the  atmosphere  and  those  who 
move  in  it.  "  Anguish  "  best  describes  the 
feelings  of  her  people.  The  cause  of  it 
is  simply  a  lady  who  before  her  mar- 
riage held  some  advanced  "views"  and 
even  convictions  in  regard  to  religion 
and  morals  !  To-day,  when  every  school- 
room girl  is  allowed  to  babble,  not 
so  much  of  green  fields  as  of  life 
and  her  opinions  on  its  processes, 
surely  the  ideas  of  a  full-grown  woman 
need  call  for  no  such  fuss.  If  the  lady, 
her  friends,  and  likewise  her  foes  had 
only  kept  quiet,  or,  at  any  rate,  adopted  a 
modicum  of  the  least-said-soonest-mended 
attitude  instead  of  the  mood  of  much 
ado  about  nothing,  all  would  in  time 
have  gone  well.  Certainly  these  two 
volumes  would  not  have  been  written,  but, 
as  somebody  says  somewhere,  "  then  also 
well."  The  portentous  mode  of  dealing 
with  the  "case,"  the  high-falutin'  and  feeble 
villainy  of  the  people  in  the  story,  argue  in 
the  author  a  fearsome  deficiency  of  humour 
and  knowledge  of  the  world  and  its  ways. 
Miss  Smith's  observation  and  her  utterances 
generally  are  not  in  focus  with  the  present 
lines  of  thought,  manner,  and  action.  An 
occasional  slip  in  the  grammar  of  hor  own 
and  the  French  language  does  nothing  to 
improve  her  diction  and  expression. 


After  Long  Waiting.    By  Jessie  L.  Nicholson. 

2  vols.  (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  waiting  and  some 
uncertainty  to  get  through  in  the  course  of 
these  two  volumes.  They  are  about  a  son 
who  was  lost,  sorrowed  for,  and  not  found 
for  about  the  space  of  sixteen  years.  When 
at  the  age  of  twenty  he  does  turn  up,  com- 
plications and  mistakes  about  somebody 
else's  son  ensue.     The  youth's  identity  and 


the  position  generally  aro  not  finally  cleared 
up  till  very  near  tho  end.  Parental  instim  t 
as  an  efficient  aid  to  the  identification  <>f  lost 

offspring  has  often  been  questioned  bj  non- 

sc  ntimentalists.  Fortunately  tho  feelings 
— always  dangerous  guidos — aro  not  often 
put  to  the  test.  That  tho  father  and  mother 
of  the  lad  who  was  kidnapped  away  from 
them  at  tho  ago  of  four  should  not  have 
picked  him  out  instead  of  tho  labourer's 
son  seems  a  little  strange.  The  plot  is 
slightly  far-fetched  and  motiveless,  but 
the  personality  of  tho  lost  son  is  rather 
interesting  and  attractive,  though  not  quite 
convincing.  As  the  plot  of  the  child  stolen 
in  infancy  was  not  exactly  invented  jester- 
day,  the  book  is  much  less  stale  than 
might  have  been  expected. 


Cynthia  :  a  daughter  of  the  Philistines.  By 
Leonard  Merrick.  2  vols.  (Chatto  & 
Windus.) 
The  well-disposed  reader  of  'Cynthia'  may 
discover  a  good  many  amusing  things  in 
her  story.  The  book  is  a  thought  unequal, 
the  characters  are  not  quite  consistent  in 
development,  the  changes  of  locality  are  not 
productive  of  any  great  gain  as  regards 
effect,  but  in  spite  of  flaws  there  is  vigour 
and  freshness  in  much  of  it.  The  atmosphere 
is  distinctly  middle-class  and  is  well  sus- 
tained. The  hero,  Humphrey  Kent,  a  clever 
young  novelist,  just  beginning  "to  get  his 
name  up,"  is  an  interesting  and  rather 
attractive  personalitj'.  The  author  is  gifted 
with  some  sense  of  humour,  and  his  way 
of  presenting  the  youth's  intercourse  with 
utterly  unliterary  relatives-in-law  and  the 
Streatham  environment  generally  is  funny 
and  apparently  lifelike.  Mr.  Merrick 
steers  his  course  carefully  through  the  perils 
of  caricature,  and  keeps  most  of  his  cha- 
racters on  human  enough  lines.  Kent, 
on  a  holiday  expedition  to  Dieppe  with  his 
friend  Turquand,  meets  his  future  wife  and 
mother-in-law.  We  prefer  them  in  the 
bosom  of  their  family  in  their  suburban 
retreat,  where  they  are  to  the  manner  born. 
The  pair  improve  on  acquaintance,  and 
before  the  end  of  the  story  it  is  possible  to 
have  something  approaching  a  real  liking 
for  Cynthia  and  an  amused  tolerance 
for  her  mother.  The  kindly,  but 
somewhat  blatant  contempt  of  tho  good 
stockbroking  father  for  the  profession  of 
literature,  his  entire  ignorance  of  it  as  an 
art,  and  his  complacency  in  that  ignorance 
aro  finely  drawn.  A  cynical  maiden  aunt, 
a  somewhat  preposterous  brother,  and 
Turquand,  one  of  the  minor  literati  and  the 
friend  of  Kent  in  adversity  and  the  reverse, 
form  an  amusing  gallery  of  portraits. 


The  Career  of  Candida.     By  George  Paston. 

(Chapman  &  Hall.) 
In  novels  by  men  the  "  new  woman  "  (for 
onco  the  abominable  expression  must  serve) 
is  generally  used  as  a  target  for  ridicule. 
'The  Career  of  Candida'  is  not  conducted 
quite  on  these  lines,  though  the  heroine  does 
hold  advanced  views,  and  even  puts  them 
into  practice.  We  were  prepared  to  bo  a 
good  deal  bored  by  her  forced  unconven- 
tionally and  heterodox  ideas,  and  at  first 
the  expectation  seemed  likely  to  be  ful- 
filled. As  Candida's  career  developes, 
however,      the       roader      discovers      that 


hers  is  rather  a  fine,  robust,  and  en- 
tirely simple  nature ;  sho  is,  in  fact,  a 
real  woman  with  no  nonsense  about  her, 
and  not  an  incarnation  of  tiresome  or  dis- 
pleasing abstractions.  In  spite  of  her 
opinions  she  is  quite  unable  to  lay  aside 
her  natural  impulse  towards  unselfish, 
unreasoning  devotion,  even  in  the  case  of  an 
undeserving  specimen  of  tho  despised  sex. 
Nothing  is  much  truer  than  that  "  on  a 
beau  chasser  la  nature,  lc  natural  rev. 
toujours."  So  it  is  with  Candida  and,  in 
another  fashion,  with  her  friend  Sabina. 

A  Man  of  Honour.  By  H.C.Irwin.  (Black.) 
The  historical  movement  in  fiction  —  in 
essence  a  reaction  against  introspection — 
coutinues  merrily.  At  such  a  juncture  the 
days  of  the  Indian  Mutiny  are  naturally 
brought  to  the  front  again,  notably  in  Mrs. 
Steel's  recent  novel.  '  A  Man  of  Honour,' 
by  Mr.  Irwin,  tells  of  the  annexation  of  the 
Punjaub,  the  clearing  out  of  the  rebels,  and 
less  directly  of  the  massacre  itself.  It  is  not 
one  of  the  "marking"  stories  of  its  class, 
but  it  is  not  without  interest,  and  bears 
manifest  signs  of  conscientious  and  some- 
what laboured  research.  There  are  several 
little  maps  supposed  to  have  been  enclosed 
in  the  home  letters  of  the  hero.  Being 
disappointed  in  love,  he  in  the  year  1848 
betakes  himself  to  India  and  soldiering. 
The  result  is  his  death  in  action,  and,  for 
the  reader,  a  good  deal  of  general  informa- 
tion on  the  whole  aspect  and  position  of  the 
"Company"  and  the  condition  of  Indian 
politics.  It  can  hardly  be  called  a  vivid 
picture  of  persons  and  places,  real  or 
imaginary ;  for  it  drags  in  places,  and 
there  is  not  much  thrill  to  be  got  even  out 
of  the  Mutiny  chronicles  of  Cawnpore.  The 
people  of  the  story  do  not  greatly  interest 
one,  and  yet  the  volume  is  in  many  respects 
commendable. 

Of   the     Deepest    Dye.     By    Col.    Cuthbert 

Larking.  (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
This  story  is  one  of  incident  rather  than  of 
searching  analysis  of  character.  It  is  possible 
to  imagine  a  villain  several  shades  deeper 
in  hue  than  Capt.  Laidlaw,  but  let  hiui 
pass.  He  possesses  many  of  the  necessary 
characteristics  for  the  part  assigned  him.  He 
is  a  gambler,  forger,  burglar,  and  a  would- 
be  murderer  and  betrayer  alike  of  friend 
and  foe.  Yet  one  does  not  seem  to  take 
him  or  anything  else  in  the  story  too 
seriously.  His  one  redeeming  quality  is 
his  affection  for  horses.  There  is  a  good 
deal  of  careering  about  between  South 
Africa  and  London,  and  much  running  of 
people  to  earth,  and  so  forth.  There  are, 
so  far  as  we  remember,  two  marriages  of 
the  orthodox  happy-ever-after  kind.  The 
author  is  not  a  master  of  language,  what- 
ever else  he  may  be. 

Sidartha  :  a  Story  of  Mystery.     By  Kathleen 

Behenna.  (Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
The  author  of  '  Sidartha '  has  not  a  glim- 
mering as  to  the  elements  needed  to  shape 
a  story  and  keep  it  together.  Her  attempt 
to  tell  one  is  perfectly  chaotic  and  almost 
unintelligible,  and  as  she  defies  every  law 
of  construction,  and  consequently  of  criti- 
cism, there  is  really  nothing  to  be  said.  Wo 
may  just  add  that  the  "  mystery  "  is  revealed 
with   excessive   crudity.     As  it  happens  to. 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


113 


turn  on  an  ugly  fancy,  there  are  people  who 
will  read  the  book.  Those  who  do  not  care 
to  be  nauseated  for  nothing  may  avoid  the 
sensation  by  leaving  '  Sidartha '  unvisited. 


Without  Faith  or  Fear.      By  J.  E.  Muddock. 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
From  Mr.  Muddock's  title-page  he  appears 
to  have  written  more  than  ten  novels  under 
his  own  name,  and  he  is  well  known  as  the 
author  of  a  good  many  more  under  a 
pseudonym  pretty  familiar  to  readers  of 
detective  stories.  We  imagine  that  he  has 
his  public,  or  publishers  would  not  continue 
to  produce  his  stories.  This  being  so,  it  is 
a  little  hard  to  see  why  he,  or  his  publisher, 
should  care  to  have  his  works  reviewed.  A 
young  writer  starting  in  fiction  who  shows 
aptitude  may  be  encouraged  by  criticism  to 
proceed,  with,  perhaps,  such  modifications 
in  pace,  speed,  or  direction  as  may  secure 
an  earlier  arrival  at  the  goal  of  success. 
One  who  is  without  aptitude  may  be  gently 
diverted  into  another  field,  where  his  talents 
may  turn  to  better  account.  But  we  can 
hardly  conceive  of  an  old  hand  like  Mr. 
Muddock  accepting  from  a  reviewer  any 
suggestions  for  his  improvement,  or,  in- 
deed, being  still  sufficiently  pliant  to  act 
upon  them ;  still  less  being  induced  to 
abandon  fiction,  and  take,  let  us  say,  to 
guide-books.  We  may  content  ourselves, 
therefore,  by  saying  that  the  characters 
in  his  present  work  hardly  seem  to  have 
been  studied  from  life ;  that  Ghibelline 
was  not  the  name  of  an  "historic  family" 
in  Italy,  nor,  for  that  matter,  Guelph  that 
of  a  "powerful  and  renowned"  one — fancy 
a  "  Captain  Tory"  taking  two  foreigners  in 
London  to  a  gambling  party  in  the  former 
palace  "  of  the  once  powerful  and  renowned 
Whig  family  " ;  that  an  Italian  gentleman 
would  hardly  mention  to  a  comparative 
stranger  that  his  son's  tutor,  "a  divinity 
student  upon  whom  great  hopes  are  set," 
was  the  grandson  of  a  cardinal,  by  way  of 
emphasizing  his  qualifications ;  and,  lastly, 
if  in  this  connexion  one  may  refer  to  the 
point  without  irreverence,  that  Nazareth  was 
not  the  birthplace  of  Christ.  A  large  part 
of  the  business  and  scenery  seems  to  have 
been  introduced  with  the  view  of  utilizing  a 
recent  trip  to  Palestine.  On  the  whole,  we 
do  not  counsel  Mr.  Muddock  to  divert  his 
energies  to  the  compilation  of  a  guide-book 
to  that  country.  Fiction  is  his  forte,  after 
all. 

The  Borderer.     By  Adam  Lilburn.     (Smith, 
Elder  &  Co.) 

Ma.  Lilburn  may  make  a  novelist  some 
day,  but  he  has  a  good  deal  to  learn  first. 
He  can  block  out  a  story  pretty  well  on 
pretty  well-established  lines.  Two  men  are 
in  love  with  the  same  girl,  one  attractive 
and  profligate,  the  other  steady  but  austere 
(that  the  two  are  brothers  is  a  comparatively 
unusual  variation  and  susceptible  of  rather 
unsavoury  developments).  The  bad  one 
makes  the  running,  but  is  outpaced  by  the 
good  one,  not  without  a  little  suspicion  of 
sharp  practice  on  the  part  of  the  winner, 
leading  to  more  remorse  on  his  part  than 
was,  perhaps,  called  for ;  the  usual  vicissi- 
tudes of  disappearances  and  reappearances 
follow  ;  and  the  end  is  satisfactory.  The 
influence  of  natural  scenery  on  the  emotions 


is  also  fairly  well  worked,  though  the  author 
has  not  quite  grasped  the  difference  between 
description  and  enumeration.  Yet  somehow 
'  The  Borderer '  is  heavy  reading.  Mr. 
Lilburn  has  not  yet  the  art  of  giving  his 
characters  just  that  vivifying  touch  which 
makes  the  reader  feel  towards  them  and 
their  concerns  as  towards  the  objects  of  his 
own  personal  interest,  and  keeps  him  read- 
ing till  his  usual  bedtime  is  past  and  his 
fire  has  burnt  low.  In  other  words,  Mr.  Lil- 
burn knows  where  he  wants  to  go,  but  not 
how  to  get  there.  And — a  small  detail — he 
overdoes  his  "damns"  terriblv. 


PATRISTIC   LITERATURE. 

S.  Aurelii  Augustini  Hipponensis  Episcopi 
Liber  de  Catechizandis  Budibus.  Edited  by  the 
Rev.  W.  Yorke  Fausset,  M.A.  (Methuen  & 
Co.) — Mr.  Fausset  has  not  attempted  a  recen- 
sion of  Augustine's  treatise.  He  takes  little 
note  of  various  readings.  His  text  is  "in  the 
main  that  of  Wolf  hard."  It  is  in  the  notes  that 
the  peculiarity  of  the  edition  lies.  Mr.  Fausset 
explains  his  object  in  writing  these.     He  says : 

"  I  have  endeavoured  to  adapt  the  notes  to  the 
requirements  of  students  who  prefer  the  original 
to  any  translation,  but  wish  to  arrive  at  the  sense 
by  the  shortest  possible  route.  I  have  therefore 
endeavoured  to  leave  no  real  difficulties  of  trans- 
lation unsolved,  and  to  illustrate  the  thought  of 
S.  Augustine  from  various  sources." 

Mr.  Fausset  has  accomplished  his  aim.  There 
is  a  liberal  supply  of  translations  of  passages, 
some  of  them  by  no  means  difficult.  The  ren- 
derings are  good  and  accurate.  The  notes  on 
the  subject-matter  are  interesting,  and  show  a 
wide  range  of  reading.  The  book  is,  in  fact,  a 
satisfactory  school  edition  of  the  tractate. 

In  the  series  called  "The  Fathers  for  English 
Readers,"  the  Society  for  Promoting  Christian 
Knowledge  has  issued  Boniface,  by  the  Rev.  I. 
Gregory  Smith.  Even  the  writer  of  a  popular 
sketch  may  be  expected  to  know  something  of 
the  literature  of  his  subject.  Yet  Mr.  Smith, 
writing  a  book  on  St.  Boniface,  complains  that 
the  saint's  letters  were  edited  "inadequately" 
(which  is  perfectly  true)  by  Dr.  Giles,  and  is 
totally  ignorant  of  the  critical  edition  published 
by  Jaffe  in  1866.  He  spells  Boniface's  baptismal 
name  "Winfried,  "as  though  he  wereacontinental 
German  ;  and  he  calls  the  monastery  where  he 
was  professed  "Nutsall,"  whereas  (if  we  are  to 
forsake  the  modern  name  of  Nutshalling  or 
Nursling)  the  form  used  by  Willibald,  the  saint's 
biographer,  is  "  Nhutscelle."  St.  Willibrord 
appears  here  as  "Willibrod."  St.  Boniface's 
second  visit  to  Rome  is  placed  a  year  too  late  ;  he 
is  said  to  have  subscribed  to  "the  oath  usually 
taken  by  Italian  bishops  (suburbicani  [sic])," 
whereas  his  oath  contained  a  remarkable  clause 
in  substitution  of  the  usual  one  ;  a  little  further 
on  we  are  told  that  he  was  made  archbishop 
"and  Legate,"  for  which  latter  statement  there 
is  no  authority.  Mr.  Smith  misses  altogether 
the  importance  of  the  fact  that  St.  Boniface's 
earlier  labours  in  Germany  during  the  principate 
of  Charles  Martel  were  chiefly  in  Bavaria,  in  a 
region  where  the  Frank  had  little  real  power — 
in  other  words,  that  his  supporter  was  not 
Charles,  but  Odilo  of  Bavaria.  In  the  countries 
directly  under  Frankiah  sway  Boniface  only 
began  to  work  with  freedom  after  Charles's 
death.  Equally  little  intelligence  do  wo  find 
of  the  character  of  the  Irish  missions  with 
which  Boniface  came  into  conflict:  "  Aldebert, 
Clemens,  and  Godelsacius  "  are  grouped  together 
without  a  hint  of  the  diverse  tendencies  they 
represented.  Nor  was  it  prudent  of  Mr.  Smith 
to  deviate  from  the  history  of  the  eighth  century 
into  questions  of  Roman  controversy  of  more 
recent  times,  since  his  statements  limiting  the 
saint's  dependence  upon  the  Papacy  are.  highly 
disputable.  It  was  a  pity  also  to  fill  out  the 
volume    (short    as    it   is)  by  extracts    from    the 


author's  book  on  'Christian  Monasticism,'  which 
is  full  of  errors  and  misconceptions.  The  pas- 
sages chosen  from  St.  Boniface's  letters  will, 
however,  be  read  with  interest,  and  Mr.  Smith 
has  rightly  laid  stress  upon  the  saint's  corre- 
spondence with  English  people — men  and  women 
— which  displays  the  most  sympathetic  features 
of  a  remarkable  and  attractive  character. 


THE    LIBRARIES    OF   FICTION. 

Though  undeniably  clever,  .Mom,  by  Miss  Lilian 
Quiller  Couch,  published  by  Messrs.  Dent  in 
their  "Odd  Volumes  Series,"  is  an  irritating 
book.  There  are  passages  in  it — as,  for  example, 
the  battle  scene  in  '  The  Courage  of  a  Man ' — 
which  show  that  the  author  has  a  fine  imagina- 
tion, and  can  express  her  ideas  in  clear-cut, 
nervous  English  ;  but  the  stories  lose  much  of 
their  hold  on  the  reader  by  their  impersonal 
setting,  and  the  iteration  of  the  phrases  begin- 
ning "the  man  "  and  "the  girl  "  becomes  weari- 
some beyond  words.  The  dialogue  is  less  suc- 
cessful than  the  description — a  common  failing 
with  literary  novices.  They  can  paint  you  a 
tolerable  landscape,  but  when  the  figures  are 
filled  in,  the  picture  somehow  lacks  vitality  and 
vraisemblancc.  '  The  Method  of  a  Man  '  may 
be  cited  as  an  instance  of  what  we  mean.  In 
the  hands  of  Anthony  Hope  such  a  tete-a- 
tete  as  this  would  palpitate  and  sparkle  with 
actuality  ;  but  the  encounter  of  "the  man  "  and 
"the  girl"  is  clumsy  and  unconvincing,  though 
we  are  free  to  admit  that  the  denoilment,  when 
reached,  is  amusing  enough.  'The  Intention 
of  a  Man '  is  merely  an  elaborate  ineptitude  ; 
but  '  The  Consistency  of  a  Man  '  is  genuinely 
humorous,  and  the  diary  recording  the  court- 
ship of  its  "Miss  C."  is  almost  worthy  of 
Addison  himself. 

My  Brother,  by  Mr.  Vincent  Brown,  in 
"Pierrot's  Library  "  (Lane),  is  a  curious  tale, 
which  by  turns  delights  and  annoys  its  reader. 
The  character  of  the  half-witted  but  warm- 
hearted "Prophet,"  Paul  Penfold,  is  cleverly 
drawn,  and  the  sacrifice  he  makes,  unavailing 
as  it  is,  to  save  his  "  brother's  "  life,  by  accept- 
ing the  responsibility  for  Lord  Lusson's  murder, 
is  movingly  described.  Yet  the  narrative  drags 
terribly  at  times,  and  is  clogged  by  some  of  the 
most  wearisome  dialogue  it  has  ever  been  our 
lot  to  plough  through.  Mr.  Brown  has  a  very 
imperfect  sense  of  humour,  and  his  specimens 
of  rustic  wit  are  appallingly  heavy  ;  but  when 
all  is  said  and  done,  his  book  is  not  without  a 
certain  power  of  its  own,  and  here  and  there 
(notably  in  the  chapters  dealing  with  the  flight 
of  the  murderer)  it  rises  to  a  really  high  level. 

The  people  in  Which  is  Absurd,  by  Cosmo 
Hamilton,  published  in  Mr.  Fisher  Unwin's 
"Autonym  Library,"  have  "  lovely  deep  Astra- 
kan  "  voices  and  "  Kharkee-coloured  "  or  "ob- 
long" eyes.  They  employ,  when  addressing  each 
other,  not  only  "sentimental  grossities,"  but 
"melodramatic  farfetchidoms."  When  they  are 
not  swearing,  they  are  usually  drinking  brandy. 
Men  and  women  alike,  they  are  (with  the  single, 
exception  of  Manners)  the  most  vulgar  as  well  as 
the  most  brainless  set  of  idiots  we  have  lately 
come  across  in  fiction.  Mr.  Kipling  has  been 
charged  with  being  hard  upon  Anglo  •  Indian 
society,  but  his  Capt.  GadsbjTs  and  his  Mrs. 
Hawksbees,  however  improper,  were  at  least 
amusing. 

BCOTTISH   STORIES. 

A  plot  which  involves  the  death  of  the 
heroine,  an  Edinburgh  barmaid  whose  antece- 
dents are  creditablo  to  her  virtue  if  not  to  her 
worldly  wisdom,  and  the  slaughter  of  the  ras- 
cally husband  who  deserted  her  in  America, 
besides  the  development  »>f  the  vacillating  and 
rather  infantile  (Maude  Garton  into  a  man  of 
mettle  through  the  influence  of  his  virtuous 
attachment,  would  seem  a  sutlieient  basis  for  a 
novel.  I'.ut  in  Claude  Garton,  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Henry 
(Glasgow,  Livingston),  the  fortunes  of  the  hero 


114 


T  BE    A  'I1  II  E  X  -i:  U  M 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  ':<: 


only  meander  thinly  through  th  I   mesa  <<f 

medioal  gossip,  trucidations  coram  popido  in  the 
dissecting-room,  anecdotes  "f  medical  Btudents 
and  professors  in  the  university  of  "Dunburgh" 
(why  this  shrinking  modesty  on  1 1 » **  pari  <>f  the 
I  i:  0  B.E.  i,  and  Buch  topics  as  "The  Rec- 
torial Election,"  "A  Students' Symposium,"  "  \ 
<  llimpse  of  Practice,"  and  "The  Mysteries  of 
Quackery."  It  is  in  fact  s  very  copious  mono- 
graph on  the  life  of  an  Edinburgh  .student  and 
his.  circle  to  its  uttermost  bounds,  plus  a  number 

of  sketches  of  more  or  less  prominent  worthies 
among  the  dons  of  that  learned  society.  It  will 
deserve  a  welcome  among  the  initiated,  in  spite 
of  a  good  deal  of  prolixity  and  some  defects  of  the 
tribe  in  the  matter  of  style  ;  but  its  humour  is 
rather  too  ponderous  for  the  general  public. 

The  Bloom  of  Failed  Years,  by  Mr.  Walmer 
Downe  (Glasgow,  McKelvie  &  Co.),  is  a  very 
thin  and  straggling  specimen  of  Scotch  kail. 
The  lodging-house  keeper  in  Leith  Walk,  mother 
of  the  leading  lady,  uses  broad  and  rather  vulgar 
Scotch,  and  her  daughter  the  governess  talks 
like  a  book  or  rather  &fcuilletvn.  But  journalese 
is  the  language  of  nearly  all  the  interlocutors, 
and,  we  must  add,  of  the  writer  himself.  Dr. 
Gordon,  the  first  young  man,  thus  converses 
with  the  lady  of  his  second  choice  :  — 

'• '  Will  you  be  going  out  again  to-night,  Doctor  ? ' 
'  The  answer  to  that  question  rests  entirely  with 
yourself.  Miss  Murray.'  '  Dear  me,  you  are  enig- 
matical ;  won't  you  descend  to  plain  speaking  in 
order  that  I  may  stand  some  chance  of  compre- 
hending you?'  'I  shall  endeavour  to  do  so  with 
the  greatest  of  pleasure  by  making  a  request.  Pro- 
vided you  give  the  reply  which  I  covet,  my  stetho- 
scope shall  be  laid  aside,  and  I  remain  where  I  am  ; 
but  if  you  refuse,  you  will  entail  upon  my  suscep- 
tible nature  a  pang  of  disappointment  which  no 
anaesthetic  possesses  power  to  allay.'  '  Really,  Dr. 
Gordon,  that  statement  places  too  great  a  tax  on 
my  credulity.  May  I  request  you  to  modify  it  ? ' 
'  Oh  !  ho !  1  Is  this  your  answer  ? '  And  Henry  shoved 
his  chair  back  as  he  continued  :  'You  are  not 
exactly  a  bread  and  butter  school  miss,  I  see.  Are 
you  accustomed  to  dealing  with  intended  compli- 
ments in  this  fashion  ? '  'I  have  never  been  afflicted 
with  any  before.  But  why  do  you  talk  in  such  a 
manner? ' " 

Echo  repeats  the  question.  Apart  from  the 
exuberant  verbosity  of  the  dialogue  and 
occasional  slips  of  spelling,  there  is  nothing 
to  distinguish  this  extremely  commonplace 
story  of  many  uninteresting  people  except  the 
illustrations  (among  them  photographic  views 
of  Edinburgh  and  some  homely  portraits)  and 
the  quotation  of  some  of  the  commonest  of 
Scotch  ballads.  Lady  Nairne's  well  -  known 
'  Auld  House'  sustains  a  double  indignity  :  the 
Jacobite  verses  are  omitted  from  the  text,  and 
for  the  "House  of  Gask  "  the  artist  presents  us 
with  "a  but  and  a  ben." 


OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE. 
Bells  and  Pomegranates,  First  Series,  by 
Robert  Browning,  one  of  Messrs.  Ward,  Lock 
&  Co.'s  "Nineteenth  Century  Classics,"  is  one 
of  the  best  of  the  many  editions  of  the  poems 
now  out  of  copyright.  The  print  is  very  good, 
the  text  interesting  as  that  of  the  first  edition, 
and  the  editor,  Mr.  T.  J.  Wise,  a  well-known 
authority,  contributes  notes  and  a  useful  list  of 
subsidia  for  study. —Poems  by  Robert  Browning, 
with  introduction  by  Oscar  Browning  (Rout- 
ledge),  is  not  so  satisfactory.  The  introduction  is 
too  long,  and  says  rather  too  much  about  the  writer 
of  it.  It  is  inadequate,  in  view  of  Browning's 
own  letter  on  the  subject,  to  say  that  the  '  Lost 
Leader  '  was  aimed  at  Wordsworth.  The  hero  of 
4  Waring  '  should  be  spelt  Domett  (p.  xx),  and 
"  Cristine  "  (p.  xxi)  should  be  Cristina. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  have  issued  a  new 
edition  of  that  most  useful  handbook  The  J>icl;ens 
Dictionary  of  Mr.  Pierce  and  Mr.  Wheeler,  a 
key  to  the  characters  and  incidents  of  the  novels 
which  we  have  frequently  found  of  the  greatest 
service. 

Messrs.  Ward  &  Downey  are  issuing  a  col- 
lection of  prose  writings  by  Mr.  John  Davidson, 


of  which  tint  second  volume,  entitled    Baptist 

Lake,    is    before   US.      We   reviewed  the  Story  in 

March,  1894. 
Or  the   tasteful  edition  of  Marryat's  novel, 

which  Mr.  Brimley  Johnson  is  editing  and 
Messrs.  Dent  &  Co.  are  publishing,  the  fif- 
teenth  and   sixteenth    volumes    are    before    us. 

They  contain   Monsieur   I  lolei  and  The  /'.■■ 
teeraman.     Mr.  Johnson's  short  prefaces  supply 
the  reader  with  all  necessary  information  and 
some  sound  criticism.     Mr.    Symington's  etch- 
ings in  the  former  volume  are  decidedly  clever. 

In  "The  Temple  Classics  "  Messrs.  Dent  & 
Co.  have  issued  neat  reprints  of  The  Essays  <>f 
Elia  and  The  Last  Essays  of  Elia,  Tin  Beligio 
Medici  ami  Urn.  Burial,  and  Gulliver's  Travels. 
The  text  of  the  last-named  has  been  revised  by 
Mr.  Aitken,  who  has  added  marginalia  and  an 
interesting  "  note  "  on  the  book.  He  has  also 
furnished  explanations  of  the  chief  allusions. 
— Mr.  Brimley  Johnson  has  brought  out  a  judi- 
cious selection  of  Pen  Portraits  by  Thomas  Carlyle 
(G.  Allen). 

Messrs.  Sampson  Low  &  Co.  have  sent  us  a 
handsomely  illustrated  edition  of  Hans  Brinker, 
by  Mary  Mapes  Dodge.    The  cuts  are  excellent. 

Lodge's  handsome  Peerage  and  Baronetage 
has  reached  us  from  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Blackett, 
a  clearly  printed  and  well  arranged  volume  of 
established  reputation. 

We  have  on  our  table  Historical  Sketch  of 
Armenia  and  the  Armenians  in  Ancient  and 
Modern  Times,  by  an  Old  Indian  (Stock), — 
The  Hindu  at  Home,  being  Sketches  of  Hindu 
Daily  Life,  by  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Padtield 
(Simpkin), — The  Watch -Song  of  Heabane  the 
Witness  (Murray), — A  Directory  of  Science,  Art, 
and  Technical  Schools,  by  R.  S.  Lineham  (Chap- 
man &  Hall), — The  Universal  Directory  of  Rail- 
way Officials,  1896,  by  S.  R.  Blundstone 
(8,  Catherine  Street,  W.C.),  —  Geometrical 
Drawing,  Second  Pait,  by  W.  N.  Wilson  (Long- 
mans),— International  Bimetallism,  by  F.  A. 
Walker  (Macmillan), — The  Tutorial  Chemistry: 
Part  I.  Non-Metals,  by  G.  H.  Bailey,  edited  by 
W.  Briggs(Clive), — The  Testimony  of Scieuceto  the 
Deluge,  by  W.  B.  Galloway  (Low), — A  Wonder- 
ful House  and  its  Tenants,  by  Five  Mem- 
bers of  a  Working  Men's  Club  (Skeffington), 
— A  Market  for  an  Impidse,  by  W.  W.  Tufts 
(Boston,  U.S.,  Arena  Publishing  Company), — 
Gorillas  and  Cliimpanzees,  by  R.  L.  Garner 
(Osgood), — Juvenile  Offenders,  by  W.  D.  Morri- 
son (Fisher  Unwin),  —  Cane  Basket  Work,  illus- 
trated, by  A.  Firth  (Gill),—  Chums,  1S96  (Cassell), 
—  Young  England,  Vol.  XVII.  (S.S.U.),— Stories 
for  Men  and  Women,  by  Frances  W.  Saunders, 
Series  I.  (Sonnenschein), — and  Religious  Faith, 
by  the  Rev.  H.  Hughes  (Kegan  Paul).  Among 
New  Editions  we  have  The  Anglo-American 
Annual,  1896-7  (Stan  ford), — and  A  History  of  the 
Protestant  Reformation  in  England  and  Ireland, 
by  W.  Cobbett,  revised  by  F."  A.  Gasquet,  D.D. 
(Art  and  Book  Company). 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 
Pentecost's  (Rev.  G.  F.)  Grace  abounding  in  the  Forgiveness 

of  Sins,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Selby's  <T.  G.)  The  Theology  of  Modern  Fiction  (Fernley 
Lecture,  July,  1896),  8vo.  2/  BWd. 
Law. 
Legal   Lore,  Curiosities  of    Law  and  Lawyers,   edited  by 

W.  Andrews.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Risley's  (J.  S.)  The  Law  of  War,  8vo.  12/  cl. 
Pine  Art  and  Archteology . 
Cave's  (II.  W.)  The  Ruined  Cities  of  Ceylon,  Do. 
Liotard.  Jean   Etienne,  La  Vie  ei   lea  GBuvrea  de,  by  Prof. 
E.  Humbert  and  others,  imp.  8vo.  10'  net. 

Reynolds's  (Sir  J.)  Essays  and  Addresses.  8VO.  12/  net. 
Sutherland's  (W.  Q  )  The  Sign  Writer  and  Glass  Embosser, 

4  parts,  folio,  86/  net. 
Wilkins's  (A.)  On  the  Nile  with  a  Camera,  8vo.  21.  cl. 

Poetry. 
Abbofsford   Series  of  Scottish   Poets:    Scottish    Poetry  of 

Eighteenth  Century.  Vol.  2,  cr.  8\o.  5/ cl. 
Virgil's  Eclogues,  translated  Into  English  Hexameter  Verse 
by  Right  Hon.  Sir  G.  O.  Morgan,  Imp.  lomo.  tii  net. 
Philosophy . 
I   Lindsay's  (J.)    Recent   Advances  in  Thcistic  Philosophy  of 
1  Religion,  8vo.  12/6  net. 


Political  k'conomy. 

Wib  man's  (J.  P.J  I  net. 

llulvry  and  Jiioaruphy. 

Adams's  (Q,  B.)  The  Growth  ol  the  French  Nation,  0/cl. 
Andrews's  (B.B.)The  History  oi  the  United  States,  1&70- 

el. 
Bourlnot's  (J.  Q.)  Car.  (Story  of  Nations.) 

Duck  worth's  (JJ  &7  Ignol  v\  llllani  III.  and  Mary  II..  2'cl. 
Kaitlnlrn  (P.  W.j  and  Tan  i         .\r.i-.  Harold  J-; 

War  1 1 1  in  i  n  China  and  Japan,  ivo  U 
Leach's  (A.  \'  >  English  Schools  at  the  Beformation,  U  . 

M...  12/  i 
Windham,  Lieut  .General  Sir  C.  A..  The  Crimean  Diary  and 

Letter!  <■(,  by  Sir  W.  H.  Russell,  cr.  bvo.  7. '5  cl. 
Wood's   (W.)    1  am'  ui   Ilritisli    Warbhips    and    thtir  Com- 
manders, cr.  Bvo.  6/  cl. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Allen's  (Grant)  Historical  GuideB:    Parib,   Florence,  12nio. 

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THE    ATHENAEUM 


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PROF.  MASPERO'S  '  STRUGGLE  OF  THE  NATIONS.' 
The  letter  of  Verax  in  your  last  issue  amazes 
me.  There  is  not  a  word  of  apology  for  the 
three  wrong  assumptions  which  he  made  in  his 
previous  communication. 

1.  He  still  makes  the  S.P.C.K.  guilty  of 
"  this  piece  of  literary  bad  faith  "  after  he  has 
learnt  that  there  was  no  bad  faith  in  the 
matter,  and  that  the  Society  had  no  part  in  any 
modification  which,  with  the  author's  consent, 
was  made  in  the  diction  of  the  original. 

2.  He  still  thinks  that  the  charge  of  "surrep- 
titiously tampering  "  with  the  original  text  is 
sustainable  "  from  an  English  public  point  of 
view,"  although  the  modifications  in  question 
were  made  with  the  consent  of  Prof.  Maspero, 
and  are  not  in  real  contradiction  with  his  views. 
There  are  in  other  parts  of  the  English  edition 
extensions  and  modifications  of  the  original 
text,  made,  in  conjunction  with  Prof.  Maspero, 
during  the  course  of  the  translation,  owing  to 
further  discoveries.  Are  these  "  from  an  Eng- 
lish public  point  of  view  "  "surreptitious  tam- 
perings  with  the  text  "  ? 

3.  He  still  maintains  that  the  few  modifica- 
tions he  notices  are  of  sufficient  importance  to 
warrant  his  statement  that  Prof.  Maspero — who, 
in  a  work  published  over  ten  years  ago  in  its 
last  edition,  and  some  twenty  years  ago  in  its 
first  edition,  had  explicitly  "adopted  the  his- 
torical conclusions  of  Reuss  and  Wellhausen  " — 
had  now  been  made  to  "appear  throughout  as 
an  orthodox  traditionalist."  I  may  safely 
leave  all  fair  minds  to  judge  of  this  assumption 
from  a  careful  examination  of  the  passages  cited 
by  Verax.  To  test  his  assumption  on  the  most 
important  point,  I  add  the  second  series  of  cita- 
tions and  translations  upon  which  he  bases  his 
charge  that  while  in  Prof.  Maspero's  view  the 
narratives  of  Genesis  were  composed  under 
the  monarchy,  in  the  translation  something 
else  is  stated  : — 

2.  "For  Wellhausen's  "Sur  lage  probable  de 
theory  of  the   probable  date     celte      tradition,     cf.     Well- 

of  this  episode  [Gen.  xxvii.],    hausen " 

cf.  Wellhausen  "—I*.  KH,  n.  4. 

"The  episode   of    Oiliniel        " repose,     de    l'aveu 

and  Chushau-risbathaim gengral,    sur    une     tradition 

is  by  many  critics  rejected  as    sans  valeur." 
spurious. " — I'.  685,  n.  2. 

"  For  Stade's  view  as  to  the  "Sur  la  formation  de 
later  development  of  Judah,  Jud;\l>.  et  inr  I'lpoque  tar- 
see " — P.  702,  n.  1.  dive  a  laquelle  il  Be  const  it  ua 

delim!  iveinetit.  sous  son 
fipl'iirence  historique,  cf. 
Stade " 

"Budde endeavours    to        "  .Sur  ces  hits,  qui  oni 

show  that  these  events  were    attribute  plus  tara   a  la  con- 
attributed  at   a  later  date  to    quOtede  Josue.cf. Budde " 

Joshua. "—P.  703,  n.  2. 


"Some critics  think " —  "  La  tradition  lui  attribua 

P.  712.  plus  tard " 

"  1  Sam.  xxiv.  thought  by  "  1     Sam.     xxiv.,    legende 

some  writers  to  have  been  of  populaire  dont  la  redaction 

much    later    date." — P.    717,  definitive   est    d'assez    basse 

n.  3.  epoque." 

Any  unprejudiced  reader  of  the  text  and 
translation  of  these  passages  will  see,  I  think, 
that  Wellhausen's,  Stade's,  Budde's,  and  other 
critics'  opinions  are  the  base  of  both,  and  that 
there  is  no  contradiction  between  the  substance 
of  the  translation  and  the  statements  in  the 
French  text. 

The  fact  seems  to  be  clear  that  Verax,  know- 
ing the  opinions  expressed  in  Prof.  Maspero's 
early  volume  on  the  ancient  history  of  the  East 
(published,  I  think,  in  1878),  was  prepared  to 
startle  the  world  by  proving  (1)  either  that  the 
venerable  S.P.C.K.  had  accepted  the  views  of 
the  higher  critics  in  regard  to  the  Old  Testa- 
ment, or  (2)  that  in  the  process  of  translation 
the  Society  had  "surreptitiously  tampered" 
with  the  text,  making  Prof.  Maspero  an  "  ortho- 
dox traditionalist."  He  must  have  been  griev- 
ously disappointed  when,  with  this  view  in  his 
mind,  he  examined  the  English  translation  ; 
still  he  thought  that  there  was  enough  to 
warrant  his  assumption  that  there  was  surrep- 
titious tampering,  and  hence  this  "  storm  in  a 
teacup." 

It  may  surprise  him  to  learn  that  few,  if  any 
critics,  Prof.  Maspero  included,  now  accept 
fully  the  "conclusions  of  Reuss  and  Well- 
hausen." There  is  no  finality  about  such  views. 
Here  are  Prof.  Maspero's  own  words  :  "  Je 
crois  aussi  qu'une  reaction  est  utile  contre 
l'abus  qui  a  ete  fait  de  la  critique  du  texte 
dansce  dernier  temps,  et,  pour  mon  compte,  j'ai 
cru  ne  devoir  tenir  que  d'une  partie  des 
re"sultats  auxquels  elle  arrive." 

The  public  now  know  all  the  facts  connected 
with  the  assumptions  of  Verax,  and  may  be 
safely  left  to  draw  their  own  conclusions.  Both 
author  and  translator  will  doubtless  feel  that 
they  ought  to  have  foreseen  the  requirements 
of  his  code  of  literary  ethics,  and  not  have  dared 
to  jointly  alter  anything,  whether  representing 
views  of  ten  or  twenty  years  ago  or  not,  with- 
out advertising  the  fact  beforehand. 

Edmund  McClure. 


COUNT  BESTUZHEV-RYUMIN. 

In  Count  Bestuzhev-Ryumin,  whose  death 
was  recorded  last  week,  Russia  has  lost  one  of 
her  most  scholarly  and  conscientious  historians. 

Konstantin  Nikolaevich  Bestuzhev-Ryumin, 
the  scion  of  an  ancient  and  illustrious  family, 
in  which  rare  political  and  diplomatic  talent 
has  been  hereditary  for  generations,  was  born 
in  1829  at  Kudreshkaya,  in  the  government  of 
Nizhny-Novgorod,  and  was  educated  at  the  local 
gymnasium  and  at  the  University  of  Moscow. 
From  his  earliest  years  he  displayed  a  great 
fondness  for  historical  studies.  His  father 
possessed  a  fine  library,  and  there  the  lad 
passed  most  of  his  time,  greedily  devouring 
everything  he  could  lay  his  hands  upon.  Plu- 
tarch and  Karamzin  were  his  especial  favourites. 
At  Moscow  he  diligently  attended  the  lectures 
of  such  men  as  Solovev,  Pogodin,  Ryedkin, 
and  Buslaev,  and  on  completing  his  university 
course  continued  to  reside  at  Moscow  (1856  to 
1859)  as  instructor  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets,  and 
assistant  editor  of  the  Moskovtkaya  Vyedomosti. 
At  the  end  of  1859  he  moved  to  St.  Petersburg, 
and  became  one  of  the  contributors  to  the 
Otechesky  Zapi&ki,  where  most  of  his  earlier 
articles  first  appeared,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  '  Slavyonophil'skoe  uchenie  i  ego 
Eiud'bui  v  Russkoi  Literaturye '  ('Slavophil 
Teaching  and  its  Fate  in  Russian  History  ') — 
the  first  comprehensive  and  perfectly  dispas- 
sionate critical  exposition  of  Slavophilism. 
About  the  same  time  lie  helped  to  translate 
Buckle's  'History  of  Civilization  in  England' 
into  Russian.  In  1864  he  beoarae  the  editor  of 
the  Zapiski  of  the  Geographical  Society,  and  a 
member  of  the  Archaeological  Commission.     In 


1865  he  occupied  the  Chair  of  Russian  History 
in  the  University  of  St.  Petersburg,  and  three 
years  later  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  for  his  masterly  dissertation  '  O  Sostanye 
Russkich  Lyetopisei  do  kontsa  XIV.  vyeka' 
('  On  the  Composition  of  the  Russian  Chronicles 
to  the  End  of  the  Fourteenth  Century').  In 
1872  appeared  the  first  part  of  his  maximum 
opus,  the  'History  of  Russia,'  which  was  imme- 
diately translated  into  German.  A  second  part, 
carrying  the  history  of  the  country  down  to 
the  death  of  Ivan  the  Terrible,  came  out  thirteen 
years  later,  but  the  work  was  then  laid  aside 
and  never  completed.  Even  as  it  stands,  how- 
ever, the  '  Russkaya  Istoria '  is  a  permanent 
contribution  to  historical  literature.  Every 
page  of  it  is  marked  by  wide  and  deep  research, 
critical  acumen,  and  above  all  by  absolute  im- 
partiality. Bestuzhev  is  one  of  the  most  objec- 
tive of  historians.  He  had  a  perfect  horror  of 
purely  subjective  philosophical  theories,  which 
he  rightly  regarded  as  unscientific.  He  was  faith- 
ful to  facts,  and  to  facts  alone,  and  he  always 
began  by  submitting  his  documents  to  the  most 
searching  scrutiny.  He  was,  indeed,  one  of  the 
most  thoroughgoing  adherents  of  the  modern 
historical  school,  and  the  bibliographical  portions 
of  his  great  work  supply  rich  materials  for 
future  scholars  to  work  upon.  He  was,  more- 
over, as  modest  as  he  was  learned,  and  always 
very  chary  of  dogmatizing.  It  is  a  matter  of 
regret,  perhaps,  that  this  eminent  investigator 
should  have  given  so  much  of  his  time  to  edi- 
torial and  journalistic  work,  but  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  his  numerous  scattered  essays  and 
dissertations  will  be  collected  and  published  in 
book  form.  He  himself  set  the  example  in  this 
respect  by  republishing  some  of  his  articles, 
fifteen  years  ago,  in  a  volume  entitled  '  Bio- 
graphy i  Kharakteristiki.'  In  1882  Bestuzhev 
was  prostrated  by  a  severe  illness,  and  sent  to 
Italy  for  two  years  to  recover  his  health.  In 
1890  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Imperial 
Academy.  His  death  leaves  a  gap  which  it  will 
not  be  easy  to  fill  up.  R.  Nisbet  Bain. 


HILARY,   BISHOP  OF  CHICHESTER. 

In  a  recent  communication  to  the  Athenaum 
(October  31st,  1896,  p.  601)  I  dealt  with  the 
great  Robert  Pullen,  well  known  for  his  learn- 
ing in  Rome,  as  in  England,  under  Stephen, 
and  especially  with  the  difficulties  raised  by  his 
employment  at  Rome.  I  shall  now  deal  with 
one  who  was  his  contemporary  at  Rome,  his 
career  in  the  English  Church  (though  the  fact 
has  been  strangely  overlooked)  having  been 
broken  for  a  time  by  employment  at  the  Papal 
Court. 

The  life  of  Hilary,  Bishop  of  Chichester,  in 
the  'Dictionary  of  National  Biography,'  begins 
with  the  statement  that  he  "was  nominated 
to  the  bishopric  in  1146  ('Chr.  Petrob.'),  and 
consecrated  by  Archbishop  Theobald  at  Can- 
terbury 3  Aug.,  1147."  The  'Peterborough 
Chronicle,'  doubtless  here  cited  through  Le 
Neve's  'Fasti,'  is  a  late  authority  of  no  inde- 
pendent value  whatever  for  the  period,  and  its 
statement  that  Hilary  was  "made  bishop"  in 
1146  is,  we  shall  see,  a  mere  blunder,  as  indeed 
is  suggested  by  its  placing  the  event  after  the 
Council  of  Rheims  (March,  1148).  Nor  does 
the  writer  seem  to  have  known  anything  of 
Hilary's  previous  career.  Now  we  have  two 
separate  authorities,  confirmed  independently 
by  a  third,  for  the  fact  that  he  had  held  an 
eminent  position  at  the  Papal  Court,  while 
from  one  of  them  we  learn  that  he  had  pre- 
viously been  Dean  of  Christchurch  (Twynham), 
Hants,  then  a  college  of  secular  canons.  John 
of  Hexham  thus  describes  him  .at  the  time  of 
his  consecration  as  Bishop  of  Chichester  : — 

"Qui  Hylariua  in  ministerio  Benrici  Wintoniaa 
epiacopl  pfurimum  glories  pretium  emeruit  Postea 
:i<l  ministerium  Apostolioi  translatua  in  reddendia 
et  proaequendis  cauaia  advooatua  disertiasimua  et 
jurieconsultua  peritua  in  curia  Romans  fuit." — 
1  Bj  M'.  Dud.,1  ii  32], 


110 


T  II  E     A  T  II  E  X  M  UM 


N  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


The  Twynhsu  EU  Ootton  Ms.  Tib.  D.  vi.) 

thus  describes  his  tenure  of  the  house  :  — 

"Baooewil  Hillarius  Wjntoniensia  episoopi  oleri- 
oiis,  vi t;i^  humilitatiaque  bocestate  praolarus,  qui 
etUun  praalibatam  in  melius  tranaferre  oupiens, 
auperna  pro\  identia  gratia  Bomam  duotuo,  el  domini 
papa  eleotione  apua  Cioeetriam  pontifioali  deoo- 
ratua  bifida,*  Id  racionia  discretionem  omnia  pro- 
posuit  future.  "—Polio  193d. 

A  charter  of  confirmation  by  Baldwin  do 
Etedvera  Lb  addressed  to  him  as  "Hyllario 
decano"('  Mon.  Ang.,'  vi.  304),  bo  that  ho  must 
have  held  the  office  before  Baldwin  became  an 

earl  (which  seems  to  have-  been  in  1140  1141). 
I  also  find  him,  as  "  Dean  of  Ohristchureh," 
attesting  a  charter  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester 
which  must  belong  to  1139-1142.  If  a  charter 
printed  in  the  '  Monasticon  '  (vi.  305)  can  be 
trusted,  he  continued  (as  a  pluralist)  to  hold 
the  post  so  late  as  1150,  when  he  joined  his 
former  master,  Henry,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
in  transforming  the  college  into  a  priory  for 
canons  regular. 

The  third  authority  which  refers  to  his  posi- 
tion at  the  Court  of  Koine  is  the  'Battle  Abbey 
Chronicle,'  which  describes  him  at  his  accession 
(1147)  as 

*'  viro  magnineo  Ililario,  qui  Romanaj  curia;  noti- 
tiam  ac  favorem  plurimum  obtiuuerat."t 

Again,  it  makes  him  assure  the  king,  ten  years 
later,  that 

"ego  autem  in  curia  ilia  omnibus  notus  sum,  et 
cujus  honestatis  vel  moralitatis  sim  omnibus  ibidem 
commanentibus  baud  iucognitum  est." — P.  102. 

It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  Hilary  was  at  Rome 
at  the  same  time  as  Kobert  Pullen,  although  he 
is  not  mentioned  among  the  "Englishmen  in 
Italy"  in  Dr.  Stubbs's  'Lectures  on  Mediaeval 
and  Modern  History '  (p.  132).  It  is  further 
clear,  at  least  to  me,  that  it  was  the  Pope  him- 
self who  made  him  Bishop  of  Chichester. 
Apart  from  the  "  papie  electione"  of  the 
Twynham  register,  John  of  Hexham  distinctly 
states  : — 

"Hylarius  vero  ex  Apostolici  prajcepto  jam  fuit 
consecratus  episcopus  ecclesiie  Cicestrise." — '  tiym. 
Dun.,'  ii.  321. 

The  whole  account  of  Hilary's  career  for 
1146-8  is  most  confused  in  the  '  Dictionary  of 
National  Biography.'  On  July  24th,  1147, 
Hilary,  then  described  as  "  clericus  Apostolici," 
was  elected  to  the  vacant  see  of  York  by  a 
portion  of  the  chapter,  the  rest  selecting  Henry 
Murdac.J  The  dispute  was  referred  to  the 
Pope,  who  had  evidently  already  selected  Hilary 
for  Chichester,  as  he  was  consecrated  its  bishop, 
"by  the  Pope's  direction,"  only  ten  days  later. 
The  interest  of  this  conclusion  lies  in  its  bearing 
on  what  is  termed  by  Dr.  Stubbs  a  question  of 
"great  importance,"^  namely,  the  "  interference 
of  the  Popes  in  episcopal  appointments.  "||  It 
seems  to  me  that  the  case  of  Hilary  should 
clearly  be  added  to  those  he  enumerates  as 
occurring  under  Stephen. IT 

Hilary  seems  to  have  joined  the  king's  party 
(perhaps  through  the  influence  of  the  Bishop 
of  Winchester),  for,  according  to  the  '  Historia 
Pontifical  is,'  he  was  one  of  the  three  bishops 
sent  to  the  Pope,  early  in  1148,  to  "excuse" 
the  absence  of  the  English  primate  and  bishops 
from  the  Council  of  Rheims.**  It  was  on  this 
occasion,  or  after  Theobald's  forfeiture,  that 
Hilary,  "excusing  King  Stephen  to  the  Pope," 
received  the  sharp  rebuke  :  "  We  thought  we 
had  created  [in]  thee  a  son  of  the  Church  of 
Rome  ;    but  we  have  created  in  thee  an  arrow 

*  Misprinted  "  insula"  la  '  Mon.  Ang  .'  vi   804, 

t  Ed.  Anglia  Christiana  Society,  p.  H7.  It,  also  speaks  of 
fcim  as  "moribua  honestU,  artiumque  liberallum  pnefulgena 
uitore"  (p.  OS). 

I  'Sym.  Dun.,'  ii.  320;  '  Historiaua  of  the  Church  of 
York,'  ii.  225. 

f  'Const.  Hist.,'  1878,  iii.,318. 
Ibid  ,  pp.  :(().'  rt  serj. 

%  Ibid.,  pp.  303-4.  He  is  made,  in  the  '  Battle  Abbey 
Chronicle'  (p  9.i).  to  say  to  Henry  II.,  In  11.S7,  that.  Stephen 
gave  him  the  see;  but  this,  even  if  exactly  reported,  does 
not,  considering  the  circumstances,  rebut  the  above  evi- 
dence. 

**  Pertz's  '  Monumenta,'  xx.  519. 


and  a  iword."*  Il>'  gave  further  offence  bo  the 
Pope  the  same  year  (1148)  when  called  upon, 
with  two  other  bishops,  to  join  Theobald  at 
St.  Omer  in  consecrating  Gilbert  Poliot  Bishop 
of  Hereford,  t  This  they  declined  to  do  on 
high  constitutional  grounds,  their  appeal  to  the 

"  an  tii  j  uas  cons  net  .in  lines  regni  "  curiou.dy  anti- 
cipating the  Constitutions  of  Clarendon  (1166). 

The  great  interest  attaching  to  the  growth, 
at  this  period,  of  canon  law  and  its  increasing 
influence  in  England,  gives  importance  to  the 
fact  that  Hilary  (a  protigi  of  its  patron 
Eugene  III.)  was  a  canonist.  This,  which  is 
implied  in  the  passage  quoted  from  .John  of 
Hexham  above,  is  certain  from  the  style 
"Magister"  applied  to  him  on  the  previous 
page,}  and  accounts  for  that  extreme  form  of 
pseudo-Isidorian  doctrine  by  which  he  proved 
himself  indeed  a  "son  of  the  Church  of  Rome," 
but  evoked  from  Henry  II.  that  sudden  explo- 
sion of  wrath  in  the  chapter-house  at  Colchester 
(1157).  § 

I  need  not  discuss  the  part  he  took  in  the 
Becket  controversy  and  the  missions  connected 
with  it,  for  that  is  already  familiar.  But  it  is 
worth  noting  (as  it  seems  to  have  escaped 
notice)  that  we  may  detect  him  in  a  "  Magister 
Hilarius"  who  is  mentioned,  with  bishops  and 
abbots,  among  the  assessors  of  the  Papal  legate 
Hicmar  (the  Cardinal  Imarus)  in  a  case  between 
the  Bishop  of  Rochester  and  his  monks,  heard 
in  London  about  the  beginning  (I  think)  of 
1145.  I|  Hicmar  has  been  represented  as 
merely  a  Papal  envoy  sent  to  bring  the  pall  to 
William,  Archbishop  of  York.  But  from  docu- 
ments in  Thorpe's  '  Registrum  Roffense  '  (p.  41) 
we  learn  that  on  his  arrival  the  monks  of 
Rochester  appealed  to  him,  as  Papal  legate,  for 
redress  against  Ascelin  their  bishop.  He  there- 
upon summoned  both  parties  to  appear  before 
him  in  London,  and  in  virtue  of  his  legatine 
authority  ("auctoritate  officii  quo  f  ungimur  "), 
as  he  expressed  it,  decided  the  dispute  in  favour 
of  the  monks.  Among  his  assessors  were  the 
great  rivals  Archbishop  Theobald  and  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  with  the  Bishops  of 
Lincoln,  Norwich,  and  Chichester  ;  the  Abbots 
of  St.  Albans,  Westminster,  Sherborne,  Reading, 
and  Ramsey  ;  and  the  Priors  of  Bermondsey 
and  Lewes.  This  remarkable  assemblage  would 
seem  to  have  been  overlooked.  It  proves, 
surely,  that  Cardinal  Hicmar  exercised  true 
legatine  functions,  and  that  his  mission  there- 
fore should  be  added  to  those  enumerated  by 
the  Bishop  of  Oxford. TT  J.   H.  Round. 


'DUMFRIES    AND   GALLOWAY.' 

Monreilh,  January  1(5,  1-97. 

As  the  writer  of  your  review  of  my  book  on 
'  Dumfries  and  Galloway '  has  distinctly  im- 
pugned my  good  faith,  will  you  have  the  courtesy 
to  permit  me  a  brief  rejoinder  ?  In  the  follow- 
ing paragraph  he  takes  exception  to  my  account 
of  the  murder  of  the  Laird  of  Johnstone  by 
Lord  Maxwell  :  — 

"He  says  no  punishment  followed  on  Lord  Max- 
well's burning  of  Dalfibble.  It  was  one  of  the  two 
charges  on  which  be  was  beheaded.     The  other  was 

the  murder  of  Sir  James  Jobustone  in  1(>()8 The 

late  Mr.  William  MeDowall somehow  overlooked 

the  exact  scene  of  that  famous  assassination Sir 

William  Fraser,  writing  after  Mr.  MeDowall,  has 
the  same  oversight.  Sir  Herbert— ■really  copying, 
though  professedly  quoting  original  authority — of 
course  follows.'' 

The  imputation  in  the  words  I  have  italicized 
is  not  only  discreditable,  but  it  is  absolutely 
groundless.  Of  course  I  am  familiar  with  Sir 
William  Fraser's  duplicate  account  of  the  trans- 
action, and  with  Mr.  McDowall's  also,  but  I 
drew  my  narrative  from  the  original  record  of 

*  Half  de  Dlceto,  i.  803. 

t   I'ert/.'s  '  Monumenta, '  xx.  532. 

I  "  Consenserunt  In  electione  magistri  Hylarii  clerici 
Apostolici." — 'Sym.  Dun.,'  ii.  320. 

$  '  Chronicle  of  Battle  Abbey,'  pp.  90-92. 

||  For  Imarus  heard  the  case  just  before  he  was  recalled 
to  Rome  by  the  accession  of  a  new  Pope,  Eugene  III. 

U  '  Const.  Hist.,'  1878,  iii.  297-9. 


Lord     Maxwell's      trial      (I'lteaim's      'Criminal 

Trials,'   vol.  iii.  pp.  28  53),  no  doubt  the  aat 
source  consulted  l>y  both  these  author'-.     B 

your  reviewer  examined  this  record  he  would 
have  found  the  reason  why  all  of  us  have 
refrained    from    indicating   the  exact  spot  of  the 

crime— namely,  the  discrepancy  in  the  evidence 
on  this  point.  In  the  "dittay"  against  the 
prisoner  it  is  alleged  that  the  murder  was  com- 
mitted "ad  iiiorain  inter  Arthurstane  et  Trail- 
flat."  Sir  Robert  Maxwell  of  Spottis  (an  eye- 
witness) deponed  that  it  took  place  "beyond 
the  house  of  Beal  ";  William  Johnstone  of 
Lockerbie  (another  eye-witness)  specifies  a  spot 
near  "  Cowart-croce ";  and  lastly,  in  the  M>. 
'History  (if  Scotland'  (Advocates'  Library)  it 
is  stated  that  "  tliay  mett  on  the  hill  besyde 
the  place  of  Ellischeillis. "  As  for  Lord  Max- 
well's impunity  for  the  burning  of  Dalfibble,  it 
is  true  that  it  formed  one  of  the  three  (not  two, 
as  your  reviewer  states)  counts  in  the  charge 
against  him  ;  but  seeing  that  it  was  committed 
in  February,  1002,  and  that  Maxwell  was  not 
put  on  his  trial  till  June  24th,  1009,  after  his 
slaughter  of  Sir  James  Johnstone,  perhaps  I 
am  not  in  error  in  saying  that  it  was  committed 
with  practical  impunity. 

In  his  anxiety  to  condemn  my  very  imperfect 
work  your  reviewer  has  committed  himself  to 
some  extraordinary  statements.  I  will  ask 
leave  to  advert  to  only  two  of  them. 

1.  "The   Scottish  hostages  of   Edward  I.  in 

1297  did  not  die  in  Lochmaben  Castle they 

died  in  Carlisle."  Here  my  critic  has  fallen 
into  a  singular  trap.  The  story  of  the  hostages 
appears  in  the  account  rendered  to  the  King  by 
the  Bishop  of  Carlisle  as  Keeper  of  Carlisle 
Castle.  It  is  printed  in  Raine's  '  Letters  from 
the  Northern  Registers,'  pp.  154-157,  and 
contains  an  account  of  wages  and  munitions 
sent  "ad  castrum  de  Loghmaban,"  including 
allowances  for  all  the  hostages,  who  are  men- 
tioned by  name.  But  the  marginal  title  runs  as 
follows  :  "  Monies  paid  to  eleven  hostages  from 
Galloway  in  1297-9  ;  all  of  whom,  save  one, 
died  at  Carlisle."  If  my  critic  had  read  the 
Latin  text  instead  of  the  English  side-title,  he 
would  have  detected  the  blunder,  and  spared 
me.  For  "Carlisle"  Lochmaben  should  have 
been  printed,  which  castle  was  at  that  time  under 
the  Bishop  as  Keeper  of  Carlisle. 

2.  "  It  is  too  evident  that  the  omissions  are 
explained  by  a  harder  word  than  '  forgetfulness.' 

For  instance,  it  is  stated  that  Kirkcudbright 

first  became  a  royal  burgh  in  1455.  It  was  a 
royal  burgh  under  David  II."  I  challenge  your 
reviewer  to  make  good  that  assertion.  Kirkcud- 
bright was  a  burgh  of  regality  under  the  Douglas, 
until  a  charter  was  granted  at  Perth  on  the 
26th  of  October,  1455,  erecting  it  into  a  royal 
burgh.  Is  it  possible  that  my  critic  has  not 
learnt  the  difference  between  a  burgh  of  regality 
and  a  royal  burgh  ? 

I  forbear  to  notice  several  other  points  in  the 
article,  being  unwilling  to  transgress  further  on 
your  space,  but  several  of  them  might  be  shown 
to  involve  a  departure  from  the  facts  of  history 
not  less  striking  than  those  I  have  cited. 

Herbert  Maxwell. 

*#*  ^  e  are  sorry  to  have  been  led  into  the 
error  of  supposing  that  Sir  Herbert's  descrip- 
tion of  Sir  James  Johnstone's  murder  on 
pp.  217-219  of  his  book  (beginning  with  "  On  " 
and  ending  with  "together  ")  was  copied  with 
a  little  paraphrasing  from  the  description  of  it  in 
the  'Book  of  Carlaverock,'  vol.  i.  pp.  311-313 
(beginning  with  "On"  and  ending  with  "to- 
gether"). The  coincidences  seemed  to  us  to  make 
the  thing  indisputable;  and,  curiously  enough, 
in  his  present  letter  Sir  Herbert  quotes  Sir 
William  Fraser  when  saying  that  he  is  quoting 
Pitcairn,  for  the  phrase  "beyond  the  house 
of  Beal  "  is  Sir  William's  ;  the  actual  words 
of  the  deposition  in  Pitcairn  are  "  beyond  the 
House  of  the  Beal."  We  do  not  even  now 
understand   why  Sir   Herbert — independently, 


N°  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


117 


he  assures  us,  although  Sir  William  had  done  it 
before  him — selected  this  unidentified  name  to 
indicate  a  spot  of  which  he  did  not  know  the 
whereabouts.  There  is  really  no  discrepancy  of 
evidence  at  all.  The  Ordnance  Survey  shows 
that  Auchnane  and  Trailflat  and  Elshieshields 
are  all  within  a  narrow  radius  of  the  Murder 
Loch.  They  are  all  close  to  the  moorland 
hill  on  the  slope  of  which  most  probably  some 
bield-house  or  place  of  shelter  gave  name  to 
the  House  of  the  Beal,  near  which  the  fatal 
interview  began.  Now  for  the  corrections.  It 
is  Sir  Herbert  who  has  fallen  into  the  trap. 
The  editorial  note  in  the  '  Letters '  was  perfectly 
right.  The  words  eodem  castro  in  the  account 
referred  to  are  distinguished  from  the  reference 
to  Lochmaben  immediately  above  them.  Mr. 
Bain's  conclusion  ('Calendar,'  ii.  1179)  that  they 
denote  the  castle  of  Carlisle,  as  they  do  a  few  lines 
higher  up  the  page,  is  demonstrated  to  be  sound 
by  a  warrant  for  a  further  payment  expressly 
saying  that  the  hostages  were  at  Carlisle  (Bain's 
'Cal.,'  ii.  1300).  To  pass  to  Kirkcudbright. 
The  ultimate  criterion  of  a  royal  burgh  as  dis- 
tinguished from  a  burgh  of  regality  is  the  pay- 
ment of  burghal  ferme  to  the  Crown  by  provosts 
(prepositi),  and  this  may  be  accompanied  by  the 
holding  of  chamberlain  eyres  in  the  town.  The 
Exchequer  Rolls,  vol.  i.  pp.  303,  356,  357,  show 
that  in  Kirkcudbright  in  1330  and  1331  all  these 
determinant  characteristics  existed. 


Hiterarn  (ffiosstp. 

The  legal  representatives  of  Lord  Byron 
and  Lady  Byron,  from  family  reasons,  acting 
in  concert,  desire  to  make  it  known  that 
they  have  decided  to  exercise  their  rights  of 
controlling  the  publication  of  all  letters  and 
documents  to  which  those  rights  extend. 
They  therefore  give  notice  that  they  will 
take  such  legal  steps  as  may  be  necessary 
to  prevent  the  unauthorized  publication  of 
any  papers  by  or  relating  to  George  Gordon, 
Lord  Byron,  and  his  wife  Lady  Byron. 

There  will  be  two  articles  about  Mr. 
Coventry  Patmore  in  the  February  maga- 
zines. Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  in  the  Con- 
temporary Review  will  put  on  record  some 
interesting  reminiscences  of  a  friendship 
lasting  many  years,  while  Mr.  Louis  Garvin 
contributes  to  the  Fortnightly  Review  a  purely 
literary  appreciation. 

Under  the  title  of  "Oxford  Classical 
Texts,"  the  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon 
Press  undertook  some  time  ago  the 
preparation,  for  use  in  universities 
and  schools,  of  a  uniform  series  of 
Greek  and  Latin  authors.  They  will  be 
printed  on  good  paper,  from  type  specially 
cast  for  them,  and  will  be  issued  at  a 
low  price.  The  text  will  be  based  in 
each  instance  on  the  best  manuscripts,  and 
will  admit  only  the  most  convincing  and 
necessary  emendations.  The  following  have 
been  definitely  promised  : — Greek  :  TEs- 
chylus,  edited  by  Mr.  A.  Sidgwick,  Eeader 
in  Greek  in  the  LTniversity  of  Oxford ; 
Apollonius  Rhodius,  edited  by  Mr.  P.  C. 
Seaton,  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridgo ; 
Aristophanes,  edited  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Geldart, 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and 
Mr.  F.  W.  Hall ;  Demosthenes,  edited  by 
Prof.  S.  II.  Butcher;  Euripides,  edited  by 
Prof.  Murray,  of  Glasgow ;  Herodotus, 
edited  by  the  Eev.  G.  C.  Pichards,  of  Car- 
diff ;  Homor,  edited  by  the  Provost 
of  Oriel  and  Mr.  T.  W.  Allen,  of  Queen's 
College,  Oxford ;  Pindar,  edited  by  Prof. 
W.  P.  Hardie,  of  Edinburgh  ;  Plato,  Vols.L 


and  II.,  edited  by  Prof.  Burnet,  of  St.  An- 
drews ;  '  The  Republic '  of  Plato,  edited  by 
the  Pev.  E.  J.  Palmer,  of  Balliol ;  and  Thucy- 
dides,  edited  by  Mr.  Stuart  Jones,  of  Trinity 
College,  Oxford.  Latin  :  '  Cicero's  Orations,' 
edited  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Clark,  of  Queen's  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  Mr.  S.  G.Owen,  of  Christ  Church, 
and  the  Rev.  W.  Y.  Fausset ;  '  Cicero's 
Rhetorical  Works,'  edited  by  Prof.  Wilkins, 
of  Manchester ;  Juvenal  and  Persius, 
edited  by  Mr.  S.  G.  Owen;  Lucretius, 
edited  by  Mr.  C.  Bailey,  of  Exeter 
College ;  Plautus,  edited  by  Mr.  W.  M. 
Lindsay,  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford ;  Pro- 
pertius,  edited  by  Mr.  Phillimore,  of  Christ 
Church ;  Sallust,  edited  by  Mr.  A.  M.  Cook, 
of  Wadham  ;  Tacitus,  edited  by  the  Rev.  H. 
Furneaux ;  Velleius  Paterculus,  edited  by 
Prof.  Robinson  Ellis  ;  and  Virgil,  edited  by 
Mr.  F.  A.  Hirtzel,  of  Brasenose. 

The  February  number  of  Cosmopolis  will 
contain  a  complete  story  by  Anthony  Hope, 
entitled  '  The  Necessary  Resources.'  Pierre 
Loti  is  to  contribute  an  article  on  Felix 
Poppenberg,  and  M.  Anatole  France  a  short 
story  entitled  '  Mile.  Roscane.' 

The  February  number  of  the  Cornhill 
Magazine  contains  as  its  anniversary  study 
— a  special  feature  of  the  new  series — an 
article  by  Major-General  F.  Maurice,  C.B., 
on  '  The  Wreck  of  the  Birkenhead,'  in 
which  he  gives  an  account  of  the  effect  pro- 
duced at  a  university  lecture  by  the  reading 
of  SirF.  H.  Doyle's  poem  on  that  disaster 
by  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Maurice,  the  writer's 
father.  Prof.  Goldwin  Smith  contributes  a 
critical  essay  on  Canning ;  Mrs.  A.  Murray 
Smith  supplements  her  previous  studies  on 
Westminster  Abbey  in  'Two  Centuries  of 
National  Monuments ';  and  Canon  Rawnsley, 
in  a  paper  on  the  '  National  Trust  for 
Places  of  Historic  Interest  or  Natural 
Beauty,'  calls  the  attention  of  those  who 
are  anxious  to  commemorate  the  Queen's 
year  to  the  aims  and  operations  of  that 
bodj'.  Mr.  Pemberton-Grund  continues  his 
study  of  '  The'  Duels  of  All  Nations,'  the 
present  instalment  being  devoted  to  those 
of  America;  and  other  articles  include  'The 
Youth  of  the  Napiers,'  by  Mr.  Stephen 
Gwynn,  and  'Diet  and  Medicine  in  China,' 
by  Mr.  E.  H.  Parker. 

The  second  portion  of  Prof.  W.  M. 
Ramsay's  '  Cities  and  Bishoprics  of  Phry- 
gia,'  completing  the  larger  half  of  the 
book,  will  be  published  very  shortly  by 
the  Clarendon  Press.  It  deals  with  West 
and  West  Central  Phrygia,  and  contains 
chapters  on  Eumeneia,  Apameia,  the  Banaz- 
Ova,  Akmonia  and  the  Akmonian  diocese, 
the  Pentapolis  of  Phrygia,  and  on  the 
Christian  inscriptions  of  South- Western  and 
Central  Phrygia,  the  Jews  in  Phrj'gia,  and 
the  line  of  the  trade  routo  to  the  East. 
Tho  author  hopes  that  henceforward  the 
North-Gulatian  theory  of  St.  Paul's  travels 
will  be  banished  from  scientific  works,  and 
that  tho  Christian  origin  of  the  famous 
sepulchral  inscription  of  Avircius  will  coaso 
to  be  a  matter  of  controversy. 

A  life  of  James  Thomson,  the  poet  of 
'The  Seasons,'  has  been  written  by  Mr. 
Beresford  Chancellor,  and  is  to  appear  in 
weekly  instalments  in  tho  Richmond  and 
Twickenham  Times. 

Mr.  Charms  Edmonds,  who  died  at 
Hastings  on  January  11th,  usod  to  bo  well 


known  to  literary  men  and  lovers  of  books. 
He  was  born  in  1816  at  Alpha  Road, 
St.  John's  Wood,  the  youngest  son  of  Mr. 
David  Barrett  Edmonds,  who  was  for  many 
years  in  the  War  Office  at  the  Tower  of 
London.  He  was  not  originally  intended 
for  a  bookseller,  but,  urged  by  his  fond- 
ness for  books,  he  persuaded  his  father  to 
apprentice  him  to  Mr.  Henry  G.  Bohn, 
whose  guinea  catalogue  he  compiled.  He 
afterwards  went  to  Messrs.  Willis  & 
Sotheran's,  136,  Strand,  where  he  was  for 
many  years,  and  later  on  with  Messrs. 
Sotheran  &  Co.,  36,  Piccadilly.  His  chief 
claim  to  fame  was  his  discovery  in  1867,  in 
the  library  of  Sir  Charles  Isham  at  Lamport 
Hall,  of  the  1599  edition  of  'Venus  and 
Adonis  '  and  of  other  rare  books  of  the 
Elizabethan  period. 

They  had  been  collected  about  the  time 
of  their  publication  by  Thomas  Isham,  who 
died  in  1605,  and  some  of  them  were  recently 
secured  by  the  British  Museum.  Messrs. 
Sotheran  brought  out  for  Mr.  Edmonds  a 
series  of  "  Isham  Reprints,"  containing, 
besides  '  Venus  and  Adonis '  and  '  The 
Passionate  Pilgrime,'  '  Newes  out  of  Powles 
Churchyarde,'  '  Epigrammes  written  by  Sir 
John  Davies,'  &c.  He  also  edited  the 
'  Basilicon  Doron  '  and  the  '  Lamport  Gar- 
land of  Old  Poetry '  for  the  Roxburghe 
Club.  Among  his  other  publications  were 
the  '  Poetry  of  the  Anti- Jacobin  '  and  Mr. 
Nethercote's  work  on  the  '  Pytchley  Hunt.' 
Mr.  Edmonds  twice  established  himself  as 
a  bookseller  at  Birmingham,  but  he  returned 
to  Messrs.  Sotheran,  with  whom  he  remained 
as  long  as  his  health  permitted. 

The  Bishop  of  St.  David's,  who  died  last 
week,  if  no  great  theologian,  was  an  excel- 
lent scholar,  although  he  published  nothing 
more  important  than  a  set  of  notes  on  the 
'  QMipus  Tyrannus.'  His  chief  work  was  his 
excellent  '  History  of  St.  David's,'  written 
in  conjunction  with  Mr.  Freeman.  He  also 
wrote  upon  'The  Gael  in  Gwynned.' — Sir 
Travers  Twiss,  who  died  on  the  same  day  as 
the  Bishop,  began  his  career  by  publishing 
an  abridgment  of  Niebuhr's  '  Roman 
History '  and  an  edition  of  Livy.  He  wrote 
pamphlets  on  tho  Oregon  Question,  on  the 
Sleswick  -  Holstein  imbroglio,  and  the 
Ecclesiastical  Titles  Bill.  Ho  published 
treatises  on  '  The  Law  of  Nations.'  Besides  he 
edited  '  The  Black  Book  of  the  Admiralty,' 
Bracton's  '  De  Legibus  et  Consuetudinibus 
Anglioo '  (six  volumes),  and  also  Glanville's 
treatise  for  the  Rolls  Series. 

Mr.  JosErn  Jacobs  has  returned  from  a 
lecturing  tour  in  the  United  States,  in 
which  he  has  delivered  courses  on  English 
style  before  Johns  Hopkins  University,  on 
the  fables  of  .ZEsop  before  the  Brooklyn 
Institute,  and  on  Brer  Rabbit  and  Buddha 
before  the  universities  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Chicago. 

A  srECiAL  committee,  nominated  by  several 
of  tho  associations  which  represent  tho 
interests  of  secondary  schools  in  England, 
is  about  to  collect  and  report  upon  tho  mass 
of  ovidenco  and  opinion  which  lias  accumu- 
lated for  somo  years  past  in  favour  of  tho 
systematic  training  of  secondary  teachers. 
An  advance  upon  these  lines  is,  perhaps, 
one  of  tho  most  probablo  achievements  of 
the  extraordinary  energy  recontly  displayed 
by  tho  teaching  profession. 


118 


T  B  E     ATI!  KNil  1'  M 


N   3613,  Jan.  23, '97 


Tan  Welsh  Eisteddfod  is  to  have  a  counter- 
part in  Inland.  Provision  is  being  made 
for  the  celebration  of  thefirsl  "Oireachtas" 

this  year,  at  which  prizes  will  bo  offered  for 
the  best  rocitatious,  essays,  poems,  and 
songs  in  the  Irish  languago. 

The  threo  Welafa  Congregational  col- 
leges of  Carmarthen,  Bala  -  Bangor,  and 
Brecon  have  now  agreed  to  consider  a 
plan  of  amalgamation,  under  which  they 
would  jointly  prepare  candidates  for  the 
B.D.  degree,  the  examination  to  bo  open 
to  graduates  in  Arts  of  the  University  of 
Wales.  The  rocent  death  of  Dr.  Morris 
and  Dr.  Llerber  Evans,  the  principals  of  two 
of  these  colleges,  has  facilitated  the  agree- 
ment. 

Both  Messrs.  Sotheby's  and  Messrs. 
Christie's  auction-rooms  are  more  or  less  in 
the  hands  of  the  builders,  and  extensive 
alterations  will  be  completed  during  the 
next  few  months.  In  each  instance  an 
additional  gallery  will  be  added.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  "  Sotheby's  "  has  only 
experienced  the  inconvenience  of  a  "  move  " 
about  three  times  in  its  long  life  of  over  a 
century  and  a  half ;  whilst  Christie's,  which 
started  in  Pall  Mall  (the  original  site  is  not 
now  discoverable),  has  simply  migrated  from 
that  thoroughfare  to  King  Street,  its  pre- 
sent headquarters — not  a  bad  record  for  a 
hundred  and  thirty  years. 

Lieut.- General  M'Leod  Inxes,  V.C., 
whose  '  Lucknow  and  Oude  in  the  Mutiny  ' 
is  now  in  its  second  edition,  has  in  the  press 
another  and  briefer  volume,  covering  the 
whole  field  of  the  Mutiny.  '  The  Sepoy 
Revolt,'  the  title  selected,  will  be  issued 
early  next  month  by  Messrs.  A.  D.  Innes  &  Co. 

Archbishop  Ireland,  of  the  Western- 
American  diocese  of  St.  Paul,  whose  name 
and  work  have  been  made  known  to  English 
readers  by  Mr.  Bodley,  is  about  to  appear 
as  an  author.  '  The  Church  and  Modern 
Society '  will  be  the  name  of  his  book. 

An  index  volume  to  the  ten  volumes  of 
'  Book- Prices  Current '  already  published  is 
in  preparation. 

The  Russian  Imperial  Academy  of  the 
Sciences,  which  had  discontinued  the  pub- 
lication of  the  great  national  dictionary  of 
the  Russian  language  on  account  of  the 
death  of  its  editor,  Prof,  de  Grote,  has  just 
decreed  the  resumption  of  the  task,  and  en- 
trusted its  direction  to  Mr.  Schakhmatov,  one 
of  its  Academicians.  The  last  volume  pub- 
lished had  reached  the  letter  E. 

The  well-known  philosopher  and  theo- 
logian Prof.  Eduard  Zeller,  who  is  now  in 
his  eighty-third  year,  celebrated  his  fifty 
years'  Professorcnjubildum  on  the  12th  inst.  at 
Stuttgart,  whither  several  universities  sent 
deputations  with  congratulatory  addresses. 

The  distinguished  Swedish  poet  and  phy- 
sician Karl  Herman  Siitherberg  died  at 
Stockholm  on  the  9th  inst.  He  was  born 
at  Tumba  in  1812,  and  was  educated  at 
Strengmis  and  Upsala,  where  he  took  his 
medical  degree.  In  1847  he  became  the 
President  of  the  Orthopaedic  Iustituto  in 
Stockholm,  a  post  which  he  retained  until 
1879.  Ilis  lyrical  and  descriptive  poems,  of 
which  'Alfhilda'  is  the  best  known,  fill 
several  volumes,  and  he  was  the  author  of 
a  cycle  of  verse  descriptive  of  the  career  of 
Linnceus  and  entitled  '  The  King  of  Flowers.' 


In   1  'herborg  published  his  memoirs. 

1 1  is  ( m  nit  ri  tuitions  to  medico-gymnastic  litera- 
ture are  considerable. 

M  :  ISR8.  WiBRIVOTOH  tell  us  that  we 
were  wrong  in  our  guoss  that  the  '  Imperial 
Calendar'  was  formerly  called  the  '  K'oyal.' 
The  '  Royal '  expired  three  years  ago.  Since 
its  foundation  in  1809,  the  'Imperial'  has 
always  borne  the  same  title. 

From  America  the  news  reaches  us  of  the 
death  of  Mr.  Iloratio  Ilale  at  the  age  of 
seventy-nine.  We  must  defer  our  memoir 
of  him  till  next  week. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Deputy 
Keeper  of  the  Public  Records  (1*.). 

SCIENCE 


GEOGRAPHICAL   LITERATURE. 

The  new  volume  of  "  Stanford's  Compendium 
of  Geography  and  Travel  (New  Issue) "  is 
Asia:  Vol.11.  Southern  and  Western  Asia.  It 
is  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Keane,  author  of 
the  excellent  '  Africa  '  in  the  same  series,  and 
is,  of  course,  published  by  Mr.  Edward  Stan- 
ford. We  have  noted  in  it  a  considerable 
number  of  trifling  inaccuracies,  of  which  we 
must  name  a  few.  Ali  Musjid  was  not 
"stormed"  in  the  last  Afghan  war,  but 
shelled  by  field  batteries  at  long  range  without 
result,  and  evacuated  by  the  Afghans  in  the 
night  when  they  found  that  troops  had  climbed 
the  hills  around  and  reached  the  western  side  of 
the  Khyber  defile.  To  have  stormed  it  would 
have  been  very  difficult  had  it  been  held.  "  Ex- 
tremely romantic  "  is  an  odd  description  of  the 
Quetta  valley.  Three  fine  rocky  mountains  are 
seen  from  it,  and  in  Quetta  itself  there  are 
poplars  and  willows  ;  but  there  is  finer 
scenery  in  all  parts  of  Afghanistan  and  Ba- 
luchistan, which  are  under  description,  and  in 
which  the  Quetta  valley  is  thus  picked  out. 
"  Mr.  Salter  Payne  "  (twice)  is  a  misdescription 
of  the  Amir's  factotum.  Fort  Sandeman,  where 
there  is  a  large  British  garrison,  is  omitted  on 
the  map  ;  and  "Musakheyl,"  which  is  marked, 
is  not  a  place,  but  a  tribe  of  nomads  in  tents. 
The  remarkable  military  roads  constructed  in 
these  frontier  districts  are  neither  marked  on 
the  map  nor  named  in  the  text,  and  the  Upper 
Zhob  is  marked  as  though  its  course  was  only 
conjectural,  although  it  has  been  surveyed. 
Galle  is  described  as  an  important  harbour  and 
port  of  call  for  steamers,  although  it  is  so  bad 
a  harbour  that  immense  expenditure  has  long 
since  been  incurred  on  Colombo,  which  is  geo- 
graphically less  well  situate,  and  the  mail 
steamers  now  touch  at  Colombo  in  place  of 
Galle.  "The  famous  fortress  of  Gwalior"  is 
safe,  but  the  addition,  "one  of  the  largest  and 
strongest  in  the  empire,"  suggests  that  it  is  a 
modern  or  British  stronghold,  such  as  Quetta  or 
Rawul-Pindi,  even  if  not  a  rival  of  Halifax, 
Gibraltar,  or  Malta.  "  There  are  three  armies, 
belonging  to  the  Presidencies  of  Bengal,  Madras, 
and  Bombay  respectively,  each  army  having  a 
commander  in-chief,"  has  long  ceased  to  be  true 
of  India.  There  is  now,  by  statute  of  the  Parlia- 
ment of  the  United  Kingdom,  but  one  army 
with  one  commander-in-chief,  and  by  Indian 
military  arrangement  that  army  is  divided  under 
four  commands.  At  p.  222  there  is  a  con- 
fusion about  the  rivers  of  Siam,  in  which  we  fail 
to  discover  the  author's  meaning.  In  an  account 
of  the  Meinam  we  are  told  that  "  the  Mekhong 

is  really  an  independent  river,  although often 

represented  as  a  branch  of  the  Meinam."  In 
the  account  of  Cyprus  we  are  told  that  the  locusts 
have  been  "nearly  extirpated."  The  annual 
reports  show  that,  though  nearly  extirpated  in 
each  "  locust  campaign,"  the  insects  continue 
every  few  years  to  form  a  heavy  drain  on  the 


finance  of  the  inland.  The  Imperial  grant  tj 
Cypi  i  t"  have  "  gradually  fallen  from 
65,000f.in  i ■        inl  393     Bat  there  i 

applications  to  Parliament  last  year  in  a  single 
Session,  one  towards  the  deficit  of  L896  6, 
one  towards  the  deficit  of  L896  ".  No  one  would 
guess  from  the  cut  given  for  "Erzerum"  that 
it  is  now  a  modern  fortress  of  the  first  class, 
which  is,  indeed,  about  the  only  thing  worth 
knowing  in  connexion  with  it.  We  are  told  of 
Perim  that  "the  English  batteries  completely 
command  the  approaches  of  the  Red  Sea," 
which  is  entirely  untrue,  as  the  chart  will  show. 
A  few  pages  further  on  the  author  says  that 
Aden  and  "Perim  command  the  whole  of  the 
Red  and  Arabian  Seas,  and  keep  open  the 
water  highway."  Without  the  command  of  the 
sea  Aden  and  Perim  could  do  nothing  except 
surrender  to  the  power  or  alliance  which  pos- 
sessed it.  With  that  command  they  are  useful 
ports,  but  in  themselves  they  command  no- 
thing, any  more  than  the  French  forts  on  the 
African  shore  "  command  "  the  channel  between 
there  and  Perim,  or  than  the  Turkish  fort  at 
Bab-el- Mandeb  commands  the  Red  Sea.  The 
spelling  throughout  the  text  is  in  conflict  with 
that  adopted  for  the  maps,  e.g.,  "Sawakin" 
and  "Suakin,"  "  Bushahr "  and  "  Bushire," 
"Rasht"  and  "Resht,"  "Ispafan"  and 
"Ispahan,"  and  many  others.  The  author 
proves  the  complicity  of  the  Turkish  Govern- 
ment in  the  massacres  in  Armenia  from  the 
fact  that  the  Kurdish  nomads  were  organized 
as  a  corps  of  cavalry  named  after  the  Sultan, 
and  co-operated  with  Turkish  troops  in  butchery. 
But  the  organization  of  the  Hamadieh  cavalry 
was  stated  some  years  ago  to  be  a  German 
military  reform  pressed  on  the  Sultan  in  imita- 
tion of  the  reorganization  of  the  Cossack  cavalry 
of  Russia. 

The  Continent  of  America:  its  Discovery  and 
its  Baptism.  By  John  Boyd  Thacher.  (New 
York,  Benjamin.) — The  author,  a  well-known 
American  bibliophile,  has  produced  a  work 
attractively  written,  sumptuously  printed,  and 
liberally  illustrated  with  facsimiles  of  ancient 
maps  and  documents,  but  he  has  almost  com- 
pletely failed  to  throw  fresh  light  upon  con- 
troverted points — nay,  some  of  the  old  hypo- 
theses advocated  by  him  have  long  since  been 
abandoned  by  competent  critics.  His  "chief 
purpose  has  been  to  establish  the  time  and 
place  of  the  naming  of  America,"  but  only 
54  out  of  a  total  of  270  pages  are  devoted 
to  this  subject.  He  follows  good  leaders  when 
he  identifies  Watling  Island  with  Guanahani ; 
but  in  his  account  of  Vespucci's  voyages  he 
blindly  surrenders  himself  to  the  guidance  of 
Varnhagen.  He  credits  Vespucci  with  having  on 
his  apocryphal  first  voyage  discovered  the  main- 
land of  America,  and  believes  him  to  have  had 
serious  combats  with  the  nativesof  the  Bermudas, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  these  islands,  when 
discovered,  were  found  to  be  uninhabited.  The 
part  happily  headed  "The  Baptismal  Font  of 
America"  deals  with  St.  Die,  and  the  company 
of  geographers  attracted  thither  by  Duke  Rene. 
This  and  the  following  part  (which  deals  fully 
with  Waldseemuller's  '  Cosmographhe  Intro- 
ductio  ')  are  by  far  the  most  satisfactory  sec- 
tions of  the  work.  Mr.  Thacher  describes 
fully  the  four  alleged  editions  of  that  work, 
and  confirms  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Henry  C. 
Murphy,  of  Brooklyn,  that  the  copy  picked 
up  by  Mr.  Eyries  at  a  Paris  bookstall  for  2d., 
and  now  in  the  Lenox  Library,  is  not  an  ori- 
ginal edition  at  all,  but  is  made  up  by  the 
introduction  into  the  genuine  first  edition 
of  four  leaves  from  later  editions.  The 
maps  of  the  world  and  of  Europe  referred  to 
in  this  little  book,  and  in  a  small  treatise  by 
Ringmann,  published  at  Strasbourg  in  1511,  are 
no  doubt  lost,  although  some  of  the  maps  in 
the  Ptolemy  of  1513  may  be  reductions  from 
them  ;  but  not  so  the  globe,  as  supposed  by 
the  author,  for  M.  Gallois  and  other  com- 
petent critics  have  shown  that  the  globe    for- 


N°  3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


119 


ASTRONOMICAL   NOTES. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson,  of  Edinburgh,  has  dis- 
covered the  variability  of  a  star  in  the  constella- 
tion Andromeda  not  hitherto  catalogued.  Its 
approximate  place  is  R.A.  0h  42m  14",  N.P.D. 
55°  7'.  A  slight  increase  in  brightness  was 
noticed  between  October  22nd  and  Novem- 
ber 8th,  1896,  when  the  magnitude  was  8  "5; 
subsequently  it  diminished,  and  was  only  9 '4  on 
December  24th. 

The  comet  (/,  1896)  which  was  discovered  by 
Mr.  Perrine  at  the  Lick  Observatory  on  the 
2nd  of  November  will,  according  to  the  calcu- 
lations of  Dr.  Knopf,  of  Jena,  arrive  at  peri- 
helion on  the  8th  prox.,  at  the  distance  from 
the  sun  of  1  062  in  terms  of  the  earth's  mean 
distance.  It  will  continue  to  approach  the 
earth  and  increase  in  apparent  brightness  until 
the  month  of  April,  but  will  be  visible  only  in 
the  southern  hemisphere,  being  throughout 
February  and  March  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
constellation  Sagittarius,  and  moving  in  a  south- 
westerly direction. 

The  comet  (g,  1896)  which  was  discovered  by 
the  same  astronomer  on  the  night  of  the  8th  of 
December  proves  to  be  moving  in  an  elliptic 
orbit,  the  period  of  which,  according  to  Dr. 
Ristenpart,  of  Heidelberg,  amounts  to  about 
seven  years,  and  the  elements  present  a  striking 
resemblance  to  those  of  the  lost  comet  of  Biela. 
It  is  now  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  con- 
stellation Orion,  but  will  soon  be  out  of  the 
reach  of  any  but  the  most  powerful  telescopes. 

Mr.  R.  G.  Aitken,  of  the  Lick  Observatory, 
communicates  to  No.  3395  of  the  Astronomische 
Nachrichten  a  series  of  double-star  measures 
obtained  with  the  12-inch  and  36-inch  equatorials 
of  that  observatory  in  the  years  1890  and  1896. 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Mr. 
T.  G.  E.  Elger,  F.R.A.S.,  which  occurred  at 
Bedford  on  the  9th  inst.,  in  the  sixtieth  year 
of  his  age.  Though  Mr.  Elger  made  also  some 
valuable  planetary  and  other  observations,  he  is 
chiefly  known  as  an  astronomer  for  his  numerous 
contributions  to  selenography,  and  for  his  excel- 
lent work  on  the  moon,  which  was  published  in 
1895,  and  contains  a  full  description  and  map  of 
its  principal  physical  features,  written  in  a  way 
to  make  the  subject  of  general  interest.  Mr. 
Elger  was  director  of  the  lunar  section  of  the 
British  Astronomical  Association,  and  contri- 
buted a  valuable  series  of  selenographical  notes 
to  the  Observatory. 


merly  in  the  Hauslab  Collection,  and  now  in 
that  of  Prince  Liechtenstein,  is  the  one  re- 
ferred to  by  Waldseemuller  as  having  been 
published  by  him  in  1507.  Many  reprints  and 
quotations  from  the  works  under  discussion  are 
given,  and  among  these  there  are  some  reflec- 
tions of  Ringmann  when  examining  Waldsee- 
miiller's  map  of  Europe,  which  seem  so  appro- 
priate to  the  present  time  that  we  cannot  resist 
the  temptation  of  reproducing  them  : — 

"In  regarding  this  map  of  Europe  and  consider- 
ing how  powerful  is  Spain,  how  rich  and  warlike  is 
France,  how  great  is  Germany  and  how  robust  are 
her  men,  how  strong  is  Great  Britain,  how  brave  is 
Poland,  how  valiant  is  Hungary,  and  bow  rich, 
courageous,  and  experienced  in  the  military  art  is 
Italy,  I  could  not  but  regret  most  grievously  the 
cruel,  harmful,  and  dreadful  wars  which  our  princes 

wage while  they  leave  the  Turk  aud  the  enemies 

of  our  faith  to  spill  Christian  blood,  destroy  cities, 
and  devastate  countries,  burn  churches,  carry  off 
our  daughters,  violate  our  wives,  aud  commit  the 
greatest  crimes.     On  the  other  hand,  if  they  would 

but  give  up  these  serious  and  perilous  quarrels if, 

adopting  peace  and  uniting  their  forces,  they  would 
take  up  arms  against  the  common  enemy,  they  would 
easily  subjugate   the  entire  world,   and    cause  the 

blessed  Saviour to  be  the  object  of  worship  by 

all  nations." 

Messrs.  Rivington,  Percival  &  Co.  publish 
Vol.  IV.  (Europe)  of  A  New  Manual  of  Geo- 
graphy/or Middle  and  Higher  Forms,  a  volume 
which  is  free  from  the  errors  we  have  lately 
been  forced  to  point  out  in  several  other 
manuals  of  geography.  It  is  from  the  pen  of 
Mr.  E.  R.  Wethey. 


SOCIETIES. 

Statistical.  —  Jan.  19. —  A  paper  'On  Local 
Death-Rates  in  England  and  Wales  in  the  Ten 
Years  18S1-D0  '  was  read  by  Mr.  T.  A.  Welton. 


Meteorological.—  Jan.  20. — Annual  General 
Meeting  —Mr.  E.  Mawley,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
The  Secretary  read  the  report  of  the  Council,  which 
showed  that  the  Society  had  made  steady  progress 
during  the  past  year,  there  being  an  increase  of 
seventeen  in  the  number  of  Fellows — The  President 
then  delivered  an  address  on  '  Shade  Temperatures.' 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.— Jan.  15  — 
Students''  Meeting.  — A  paper  'On  the  Monier 
System  of  Construction  '  was  read  by  Mr.  \V.  Beer. 

Mathematical.— Jan.  14.— Prof.  Elliott,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair.  — Mr.  W.  H.  Blythe  and  Prof.  E.  H. 
Moore  were  elected  Members. — Prof.  Sylvester  spoke 
at  some  length  on  the  partition  of  an  even  number 
into  two  primes,  and  answered  numerous  questions 
which  were  put  to  him.— Mr.  J.  J.  Walker  gave  a 
solution  of  a  certain  quadratic  vector  equation. — 
The  titles  of  the  following  papers  were  read  :  '  Sup- 
plementary Note  on  Matrices,*  by  Mr.  J.  Brill, — and 
'  Some  Properties  of  Bessel's  Functions,'  by  Dr. 
Hobson. — Mr.  T.  I.  Dewar  exhibited,  with  the  aid  of 
stereoscopes,  a  large  number  of  diagrams  of  the 
algebraic  catenary. 


Huguenot.— Jan.  13.— Sir  H.  W.  Peek,  Bart., 
President,  in  the  chair.— Messrs.  D.  J.  V.  Durell, 
C.  Mercier,  G.  B.  Reid.  C.  P.  Taylor,  and  C.  M. 
Tenison  were  elected  Fellows. — The  State  Library 
of  Pennsylvania  was  also  entered  as  subscribing.— 
A  paper  was  read  '  On  the  Walloon  Industries  of 
Canterbury  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Cen- 
turies,' by  Mr.  F.  W.  Cross,  aud  several  contem- 
porary MSS.  relating  to  the  subject  were  exhibited. 


Wed. 

ThCRS 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

London  Institution,  5.  — 'Capillary  Ripples.' Prof  C  V.  Hoys. 

Institute  of  Actuaries.  7  —'Kates  of  Mortality  in  certain  1'arts 
of  Africa,'  Mr.  A.  E.  Sprague. 

Aristotelian,  8  — '  The  Fundamental  Nature  of  the  Religious 
Consciousness,'  Mr.  A.  Rontwood. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.  —  '  Material  and  Design  in  Pottery,' 
Lecture  II..  Mr.  W.  Rurton.    (Cantor  Lecture.) 

Surveyors  Institution,  8.  -Adjourned  Discussion  '  On  the  Future 
Development  of  the  Surveyors'  Institution.' 

Geographical.  8J— 'An  Expedition  across  Spitzbergen,'  Sir 
W.  M  Conway. 

Royal  Institution,  3.  —  ' Animal  Electricity,' Prof.  A.  D.  Waller. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  The  Artistic  Treatment  of  Heraldry,'  Mr. 
W.  H  St.  John  Hope. 

Civil  Engineers,  8—  The  Diversion  of  the  Periyar,'  Col.  J. 
Pennycuick. 

United  service  Institution,  3.— 'Shorthand  in  the  Army,'  Capt. 
J.  E  Gaunter. 

Society  of  Arts,  8  — '  Voice  Production,'  Mr.  W.  Nicholl. 

Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Some  Secrets  of  Crystals,'  Prof.  H.  A. 
Miers. 

Royal,  4. 

Society  of  Arts,  4}  — '  The  Moral  Advance  of  the  Peoples  of 
India  during  the  Reign  of  Oueen  Victoria,'  Mr.  W.  Lee- 
Warner. 

London;  Institution,  6.— 'The  Golden  Age  of  English  Illustra- 
tion,' Mr.  J.  Pennell. 

Electrical  Engineers,  8.  —  ' Electrical  Interlocking  the  Block  and 
Mechanical  Signals  on  Railways.'  Mr  F.  T.  Hollins. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.  —  '  The  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold,'  Prof. 
J.  A.  Ewing.    (Howard  Lecture) 

Philological,  8.  — '  Manuscripts,  Metre,  and  Grammar  of  Chaucer's 
"Troilus,"'  Prof.  Mccormick 

Civil  Engineers,  8— 'An  Experimental  Investigation  of  the 
Efficiency  of  a  1'elton  Waterwheel,'  Mr.  S.  H.  Rarraclough. 
(Students'  Meeting. ) 

Royal  Institution,  9 —'The  Polarization  of  the  Electric  Ray,' 

Prof  Jagadis  Chunder  Rose 
Royal  Institution,   3.  — '  Neglected  Italian  and  French    Com- 
posers,' Mr.  C.  Armbruster. 


^cknet  (Sgflssijr. 

The  Marquis  of  Bute  has  provided  funds  for 
the  erection  of  a  new  suite  of  medical  class- 
rooms at  St.  Andrews  University,  as  well  as  an 
endowment  for  two  years  of  the  lectureship  on 
physiology,  to  which  Miss  Umpherston  has  been 
appointed. 

Prof.  Kolliker  will  celebrate  on  July  6th 
the  fifty  years' jubilee  of  his  professorial  activity 
at  Wiii  zburg.  On  the  same  day  falls  his  eightieth 
birthday. 

The  sixty-ninth  congress  of  the  German 
Naturforscher  and  Aerzte  will  be  held  at 
Brunswick  from  the  19th  to  the  25th  of  Sep- 
tember, and  is  to  consist  of  not  fewer  than 
thirty-three  scientific  sections. 

Mr.  Howakth  and  Mr.  Platnauer  have  pub- 
lished an  excellent  Report  of  Proceed iugs(D ult\u) 
at  the  Glasgow  meeting  of  the  Museums  Associa- 
tion last  summer. 


FINE    ARTS 


Old   Cornish   Crosses.     By    A.  G.  Langdon. 

Illustrated.     (Truro,  Pollard.) 
Mr.  Langdon,   whose   previous   labours  in 
behalf  of  Cornish  antiquities  entitle  him  to 
a  lofty  monolith  in  elvan  (may  its  occasion 
be  long  delayed  !),   undertook    an   arduous 
task  when    he    resolved    to   prepare    this 
monograph  on  a  complex  and  difficult  sub- 
ject.    He  says  truly  that  Cornwall  contains 
many  more  than  three  hundred  crosses,  to 
say  nothing  of  pillar  and  inscribed  stones, 
coped    stones,    and   recumbent   cross-slabs. 
To  each  he  devotes  a  reasonable  amount  of 
space  ;  of  a  very  large  proportion  he  supplies 
cuts  to    the    accuracy  of  which  we  can  in 
many  instances  bear  testimony  from  personal 
knowledge,  but  of  several  classes  of  these 
antiquities  he  has  described,  and  of  others, 
such  as   bases  deprived  of  their  stems,   of 
which  he  notices  only  "thirty  or  forty,"  we 
are  in  a  position  to  say  that  his  lists  are 
far  from  complete.     For  example,  speaking 
from  memory   only,  we  may  mention   that 
there     is    a     good     specimen    at    Roscar- 
rock    Cross,     Trelights,     Port    Isaac,     and 
another    remaining    by   the    roadside    be- 
tween   the  Gannell    and  Crantock  church- 
town.      The    former    is    in    St.   Endellion 
parish  ;    the   second   in   that  of   Crantock. 
From    Morwenstow   in   the    north    to    the 
Lizard    these     bases     are     to     be    found 
by    dozens,    and    their     frequency,    taken 
with     the      much      greater      numbers     of 
crosses    still    standing,    shows    how    many 
must      have     been     in     existence      before 
time,   ignorance,   and  greed  destroyed    the 
majority.     It   is    only    in    districts    where 
granite   and    other    materials    of    unusual 
durability  exist  that  anything  like  so  many 
relics  of   the  kind   are   still  to   be   found ; 
where  slate  was  common,  as  in  parts  of  Corn- 
wall   and   Derbyshire,   hardly  any  remain, 
although  formerly  they  were  no  doubt  quite  as 
numerous.     From  similar  causes  the  crosses 
of   limestone,    sandstone,   and  other  friable 
substances,  which  once  crowded  the  Midland 
and  Southern  counties,  have  comparatively 
seldom  survived.     Few  Gothic  crosses  made 
of   sandstone   retain   in    churchyards   their 
sculptured  heads. 

While  commenting  with  justifiable  pride, 
such  as  every  Cornishman  must  feel,  upon 
the  number  of  these  memorials  still  existing 
in  the  West,  Mr.  Langdon  does  not  make  due 
allowance  for  the  causes  of  their  survival  in 
hundreds.  When,  too,  he  deals  with  the 
motives  of  those  who  set  them  up,  he,  it 
seems  to  us,  leaves  his  readers  a  little 
in  the  dark.  These  are  trivial  short- 
comings in  the  performance  of  a  pro- 
digious task.  It  was  time,  too,  that  an 
indomitable  enthusiast  should  arise  to 
record  the  existence  and  exact  positions  of 
these  ancient  and  humble,  yet  character- 
istic relics.  Thus  it  is  known  to  antiquaries 
that  a  Cornishman  once  actually  gave  to 
a  stranger  from  Sussex  a  four-holed  cross 
of  grey  elvan,  with  a  panelled  shaft  and  the 
sacred  emblem  enclosed  by  a  glory;  in  short, 
a  specimen  of  the  first  class.  The  stranger 
caused  it  to  be  set  up  in  the  grounds 
of  the  Manor  House  at  Eastbourne,  whore 
it  now  is,  with  a  brass  plato  screwed  to  tho 
back  of  it!  No  wonder  Mr.  Langdon  wrings 
his  hands  over  it,  as  he  does  over  another 


PJO 


TH  E     ATIIENTl^UM 


N*3613,  Jan.  28,  '97 


cross  of  tlio  same  sort  from  St.  Michael 
Ponkivel,  which  has  traversed  the  Atlantic 
and  been  placed  in  the  church  <>t'  Dundee, 
<  Intario  !  May  tlio  earth  lio  licavy  upon 
Davies  Gilbert,  who,  though  ho  was  Pre- 
sident of  tlio  Bojal  Society,  was  guilty  of 
ono  of  these  unpatriotic  deeds  ;  but  what 
charity  can  cover  the  shame  of  the  Cornish- 
man  who  parted  with  tho  two  crosses  an 
informant  of  Mr.  Langdon's  once  saw  in  a 
garden  in  Westminster  Bridge  Road? 

A  considerable  proportion  of  these  relics 
have  been  recovered  from  stone  hedges, 
where  labourers  preserved  them  by  building 
thorn  in ;  at  least  as  many  have  been 
found  converted  into  gate-posts ;  others 
still  exist  as  bars  of  stiles  and  are  hourly 
trodden  on  ;  chance  has  revealed  not  a  few 
lying  face  downwards  upon  lonely  moors, 
by  out-of-the-way  roadsides  or  footpaths, 
as  at  "Rosepletha"  (should  bo  Rhos- 
pletha),  in  St.  Levan-in-Penwith,  or  in 
open  fields,  as  at  Tresinney- in -Advent,  a 
slender  example  nearly  9  ft.  high.  At 
St.  Breock-in-Pyder  the  natives,  proud  of 
their  relic,  duly  whitewashed  its  face  and 
joined  its  head  to  its  stem  with  an  iron 
clamp ;  at  Quethiock,  near  Menheniot,  a 
magnificent  specimen  13  ft.  high,  and 
enriched  with  scroll-work,  a  triquetra  knot, 
plait-work,  an  equal-limbed  cross,  and  a 
glory,  was  broken  in  half  with  hammers 
and  its  halves  used  for  opposite  gate-posts  ; 
at  St.  Teath,  Trigg  Minor,  nearly  as  good 
a  specimen  was  used  as  a  bridge  over 
a  pond,  and  later  its  fragments  served  as 
coping  for  a  wall  and  to  carry  the  pivoting  of 
the  churchyard  gates  ;  at  Redgate,  St.  Cleer, 
an  exceedingly  fine  stone  inscribed  in  Saxon 
minuscule  letters,  on  behalf  of  a  Cornish 
prince  of  the  ninth  century,  "  Doniert 
rogavit  pro  anima,"  lay  in  a  pit  for  many 
years,  although  Camden  and  others  recorded 
its  existence  and  value ;  at  Lanhydrock, 
Bodmin,  the  four  -  armed  cross  was 
deprived  of  its  glory  and  thrown 
down  upon  the  ground,  to  remain  there 
for  man}'  years.  A  last  instance  of  this 
record  of  ignorance  and  indifference  is  the 
tallest  cross  in  Cornwall,  now  in  the  church- 
yard at  St.  Mylor,  Falmouth,  said  to  have 
originally  marked  the  grave  of  St.  Mylor 
himself,  which,  in  1870,  was  found  head 
downwards,  doing  duty  as  a  prop  for  the 
south  wall  of  tho  church  !  This  magnificent 
monolith  of  granite  is  17  ft.  Gin.  high,  has 
a  round  head  (cross  and  glory)  2  ft.  in 
diameter,  and  is  1  ft.  4  in.  square  at  the  foot 
of  the  stem.  It  is  a  pity  that,  when  again 
placed  upright,  the  stem  was  set  7  ft.  in  the 
earth,  so  that  the  apparent  height  of  the 
monument  is  only  about  10  ft. 

Mr.  Langdon  furnishes  a  brief  account  of 
his  conclusions  as  to  the  introduction  of 
Christianity  into  Cornwall,  a  matter  of  great 
moment  for  those  who  wish  to  date  these 
crosses ;  but  he  wisely  takes  no  notice  of  the 
wild  suggestion  that  these  relics,  or  at  least 
some  of  them,  are  older  in  date  than  tho 
introduction  of  Christianity.  We  have,  in 
fact,  no  authority  for  affirming  that  this 
event  happened  before  tho  fourth  century. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  does  not  seem  likely 
that,  while  British  bishops  from  districts 
much  more  remote  attended  the  Council  of 
Aries,  early  in  the  fourth  century,  a  pro- 
vince which  was  in  much  closer  relation- 
ship with  tho    Continent    than  Ireland  re- 


mained in  pagan  darkness  while  Hihernia 
and  Cumbria,  and  oven  Wales,  called  them- 
selves Christian  provinces.  It  is  certain 
that  in  Cornwall  quite  early  in  the  fifth 
century  the  Pelagian  heresy  sorely  vexed 
tho  Gallic  bishops  Germanus  and  Lupus; 
thercforo  wo  infer  some  sort  of  Chris- 
tianity prevailed  there.  There  is  on  this 
account,  then,  no  reason  for  refusing  older 
dates  than,  say,  a.d.  420  to  some  of  tho 
Cornish  crosses.  The  historical  evidence  is 
not  sufficient  to  settle  tho  question,  while 
the  style  of  what  remains  is  rude  enough. 
Only  one  thing  is  quite  certain  :  the  influence 
of  Ireland  upon  the  art  as  well  as  the  re- 
ligion of  Cornwall  has  been  exaggerated.  As 
the  dedications  of  the  churches  of  the  province 
distinctly  show,  most  of  the  missionary  saints 
of  the  county  bore  Gaulish,  Breton,  or  Welsh 
names,  generally  in  Latinized  forms.  The 
same  inference  is  clear  from  the  fact 
remarked  by  Mr.  Langdon,  that  "  the 
Celtic  patterns  on  the  Cornish  crosses  are 
more  akin  to  those  occurring  in  AVales  than 
to  those  of  Ireland,  Scotland,  or  Northum- 
bria.  There  are  a  few  Christian  inscribed 
stones  in  Brittany  that  have  points  in 
common  with  those  of  Cornwall."  This  is 
just  what  one  would  expect,  for  the  set 
of  trade  and  intercourse  from  Cornwall 
to  Brittany  was  much  stronger  than 
from  Cornwall  towards  Wales  or  Ire- 
land. The  sum  of  our  own  inquiries 
is  that  the  highly  characteristic  patterns 
existing  in  the  West  are  more  closely  allied 
to  such  few  examples  as  remain  in  Brit- 
tany than  to  the  more  numerous  relics  in 
Wales.  They  are  ruder  in  Cornwall  and 
Brittany  than  in  Wales,  and  still  more  so 
than  in  Ireland.  But  mere  rudeness  of 
design  cannot  settle  the  age  of  any  of 
them. 

This  book  contains  capital  remarks  upon 
the  relation  between  the  crosses  and  those 
inscribed  stones  of  which,  as  our  author 
rightly  has  it,  "  Cornwall  can  proudly  boast 
the  possession"  of  much  the  largest  share. 
These  latter  bearing  the  Chi  Rho  monogram 
of  the  well-known  form  indicate  that  some 
of  both  cannot  be  less  ancient  than  the 
seventh  century.  They  may,  indeed,  be,  and 
very  probably  are,  as  old  as  the  fifth  century, 
or  even  the  preceding  one  : — 

"The  presence  of  this  monogram  on  Cornish 
stones  is  evidence  not  only  of  their  great  age, 
but  likewise  tends  to  show  that  Christianity 
must  have  been  introduced  into  Cornwall  at  a 
very  early  period." 

This  is  the  very  safe  conclusion  of  a  some- 
what over-cautious  antiquary.  At  Phillack 
and  in  St.  Helen's  Chapel,  Cape  Corn- 
wall, are  two  examples  of  the  ancient  Chi 
Rho  monogram  ;  others,  not  quite  so  old, 
appear  at  Southhill,  at  St.  Just-in-Penwith, 
and  Doydon.  On  the  back  of  the  pillar 
stone  at  Casteldor  is  a  Tau  cross;  equal- 
limbed  crosses  are  carved  or  incised  on  a 
number  of  the  upright  stones  in  view 
throughout  this  book,  while  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  remainder,  exhibiting  crosses 
of  tho  Latin  form,  may  presumably,  but 
not  positively,  be  dated  later. 

To  us  it  has  always  appeared  clear  that 
caprice,  if  not  sheer  ignorance  or  indifference, 
had  a  very  great  deal  to  do  with  the  delinea- 
tion of  these  crosses  upon  tho  monoliths.  If 
we  did  not  know  better,  it  would  bo  easy  to 
suppose  that  St.  Androw  was  referred  to  by 


many  a  cross  saltire.  At  Ludgvan-in-Pen- 
with  there  is  u  quaint  cross  which  is  quite 
lop-sided  .  •  r.    When 

the  crucifix  is  carved  on  cross-heads,  whether 
with  or  without  the  glory,  as  in  the  stone 
(by  the  natives  called  "  Paul  ")  which  is 
mounted  on  tho  churchyard  wall  of  St. 
Paul,  Mousehole,  the  legs  are  placed  in 
tho  earlier  or  Byzantine  manner,  i.e.,  side 
by  side,  not  being  crossed  at  the  ankles. 
Par  the  greater  number  of  these  effigies 
are  so  arranged  all  over  the  county.  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  the  relic  at  £ 
Paul  dates  from  about  G75  at  the  very  least. 
On  the  back  of  the  cross  are  the  five  bosses 
referring  to  the  Five  Wounds  of  Christ.  A 
man  now  living  in  St.  Paul  remembers  this 
precious  sculpture  standing  in  a  neighbour- 
ing stone  hedge,  from  which  it  was  removed 
to  the  churchyard  wall.  It  ought  to  be  again 
removed,  so  as  to  be  out  of  the  reach  of  the 
boys  who  are  spoiling  it.  It  is  one  of  the 
finest  examples  of  the  kind,  and  we  com- 
mend it  to  the  zealous  care  of  the  learned 
Rector  of  St.  Paul.  There  are  similar 
crosses  at  St.  Wendron-in-Kerrier,  at  St. 
Buryan-in-Penwith,  and  at  St.  Erth,  near 
Hayle.  It  seems  to  us  that  the  same  hand 
carved  them  all,  and  that  they  are  clearly 
of  the  same  age. 

The  "  Probable  Object  of  the  Erection  of 
the  Crosses  "  is  the  title  of  a  chapter  upon 
which  Mr.  Langdon  has  expended  much 
learning  and  acumen.  He  proves  that 
many  of  them  were  intended  to  indicate 
the  way  to  the  churches  —  at  least,  they 
often  occur  alongside  churchpaths  and 
point  churchwards  ;  some  were  landmarks  ; 
many  may  have  stood  at  the  intersection  of 
roads  upon  those  vast  moorlands  which,  in 
earlier  days,  occupied  an  even  larger  part 
of  Cornwall  than  now. 


ANNUALS. 

The  Years  Art,  1897 (Virtue  &  Co.),  does  not 
in  this,  its  eighteenth  volume,  depart  from  the 
traditions  of  its  useful  career.  This  volume 
opens  with  a  rather  whimsical  "  resumS  of 
the  art  work"  of  1896  by  Mr.  R.  A.  M. 
Stevenson,  and  a  much  sounder  series  of  notes 
on  architecture  by  Mr.  H.  Statham,  who  writes 
without  prejudices  and  fancies  of  any  kind, 
although  he  is  not  nearly  so  amusing,  we  must 
confess,  as  his  colleague.  If  we  except  an 
exaggerated  estimate  of  the  importance  of  the 
labours  of  the  late  William  Morris  in  developing 
the  applied  arts  —  an  estimate  which  makes 
hardly  any  allowance  for  the  labours  of  anybody 
else  in  the  same  direction— we  have  nothing  but 
praise  for  the  less  ambitious  elements  of  the 
book.  We  sympathize  with  the  managers, 
compelled,  we  suppose,  to  find  noteworthy 
subjects  for  the  portraits  with  which  it  is  the 
custom  to  adorn  the  volume.  They  were  in 
dire  straits  last  year,  and  introduced  their 
readers  to  several  of  the  illustrious  obscure  ; 
they  are  not  quite  so  badly  otf  in  1897,  and 
agreeable  likenesses  of  Sir  E.  J.  Poynter,  Mr. 
Corbett,  Mr.  M.  Fisher,  Mr.  T.  G.  Jackson,  and 
Mr.  W.  L.  Wyllie  are  examples  of  desirable 
portraits  that  refiect  lustre  upon  those  of  other 
menwhoare, asyet, undistinguished.  Ontheother 
hand,  no  ladies  are  included  among  the  selected. 
The  records  concerning  the  multitude  of  art  gal- 
leries, clubs,  societies,  and  schools  now  existing 
in  these  realms  will  surprise  the  uninitiated. 
About  man;  of  them  'The  Year's  Art'  supplies 
all  desirable  information,  about  every  one  of 
them  something.  There  is,  especially  for  "out- 
siders," an  interesting  section  on  the  sales  of 
works  of  art  during  1896.     Of  course,  no  one 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


121 


should  base  any  calculation  on  the  extravagant 
as  well  as  extraordinary  prices  quoted  as  having 
been  given  for  many  of  the  pictures  mentioned 
under  this  head.  There  has  been,  it  appears,  a 
considerable  fall  of  late.  In  1886  26  pictures  fetched 
1,470?.  and  more  each  ;  in  1892  the  number  rose 
to  55,  and  in  1895  the  number  was  still  45,  but 
in  1896  it  fell  to  28,  buyers  and  dealers  having, 
of  course,  the  death  duties  before  their  eyes. 
The  energies  of  the  trade  have  been  of  late  much 
occupied  in  running  up  the  prices  of  Romneys, 
with  the  result  that  ' Ladies Clifden  and  Spencer,' 
by  no  means  a  masterpiece  of  the  artist's,  was 
knocked  down  for  11,025?.,  'Mrs.  Oliver'  for 
3,255?.,  'Miss  H.  Shore'  for  2,887?.,  'Maria 
and  Catherine  Thurlow  '  for  2,6771.  The  same 
'  Miss  H.  Shore '  was  sold  in  1875  for  1,953'., 
a  price  which  was  considerably  above  the 
average  paid  previously  for  much  better  Rom- 
neys. On  the  whole,  the  part  of  this  volume 
most  frequently  consulted  will  be  the  large  and 
copious  "Directory  of  Artists,"  comprising 
nearly  6,000  names.  Some  years  ago,  when 
commenting  on  the  directories  which  preceded 
'The  Year's  Art,'  we  stated  that  Messrs. 
Rowney  issued  in  1850  the  first  compilation 
of  the  kind.  This  was  true  so  far  as  there 
had  been  none  for  a  long  time  previous  to 
that  date.  There  was,  however,  a  similar 
directory  published  in  '  The  Annals  of  the  Fine 
Arts'  in  1817  and  a  few  succeeding  years. 

The  most  important  essays  and  criticisms  in 
the  fifteenth  volume  of  the  third  series  of  the 
Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts  are  a  series  of  papers 
by  M.  Valabregue  upon  the  German  and 
Swiss  artists  represented  in  the  gallery  at  Bale. 
These  artists  are  particularly  fortunate  in  the 
revival  of  their  reputation  when  almost  forgotten 
by  the  official  catalogue  of  M.  D.  Burckhart, 
whose  perspicacity  enabled  him  to  assign  to  an 
anonymous  follower  of  Memlinc  a  certain  por- 
trait of  an  elderly  '  Pivs  Ioachim,'  which  every 
modern  student  who  has  seen  it  has  admired, 
while  rejecting  the  popular  attribution  of  it  to 
Schongauer.  It  is  noteworthy  that  at  Bale, 
where,  of  all  places  in  the  world,  Schongauer 
ought  to  have  been  understood,  several  works, 
especially  drawings  in  a  style  he  knew  nothing 
of,  were  for  a  long  time  ascribed  to  him.  Some 
years  since  M.  E.  Miintz  devoted  considerable 
attention  to  these  drawings,  and  was  by  no 
means  disposed  to  accept  the  names  they  bore. 
To  Lorenzo  Lotto  not  only  is  ample  justice 
done  by  Herr  von  Tschudi  and  Mr.  Berenson, 
by  the  former  more  correctly  than  by  the 
latter,  but  in  the  Gazette  he  has  occupied 
the  attention  of  M.  E.  Michel,  who  adds 
to  our  obligations  to  him  in  a  study  of 
the  '  Adoration  des  Bergers '  of  Hugo  van 
der  Goes.  To  M.  Leprieur  is  due  a  series 
of  papers  on  '  Le  Centenaire  de  la  Litho- 
graphic,' which  seems  to  have  attracted  notice 
on  this  side  of  the  Channel,  where  litho- 
graphy has  gone  out  of  vogue  to  a  much  greater 
degree  than  in  Paris.  Among  other  excel- 
lent papers  which  add  to  the  value  of  this 
volume  are  the  second  and  third  essays  on  Jean 
Perre'al,  his  life  and  work,  by  M.  Maulde  la 
Claviere.  M.  E.  de  Goncourt  supplies  two 
vivacious  notices  of  '  Le  Grenier ';  M.  Bon- 
naffe  writes  'A  propos  du  Tr^sor  de  Bosco 
Reale.'  Also  worthy  of  attention  are  M.  M. 
Emmanuel's  essay  on  '  La  Danse  Grecque 
Antique  '  (see  Athen.  No.  3592)  ;  M.  C.  Yriarte's 
sixth  and  concluding  article  on  '  Isabelle  d'Este 
et  les  Artistes  de  son  Temps  ';  a  long  paper  on 
4  La  Vache  dc  Myron  '  by  M.  P.  Paris  ;  and 
M.  A.  Gruyer's  criticisms  of  Jean  Fouquet's 
portrait  of  the  Treasurer  Etienne  Chevalier 
with  his  patron  St.  Stephen  (evidently  another 
portrait),  which  occupies  the  left  wing  of  a 
diptych  formerly  at  Melun,  now  in  the  Brentano 
Collection  at  Frankfort.  The  other  wing,  repre- 
senting the  Virgin  and  Child,  is  in  the  gallery 
at  Antwerp,  and  was  at  one  time  said  to  com- 
prise a  portrait  of  Agnes  Sorel,  who,  according 
to  various  traditions,  had  a  fancy  for  sitting  to 


painters  in  a  more  or  less  naked  condition.  All 
these  figures  are  of  life  size  and  in  oil.  Agnes 
died  in  1450,  two  years  before  Catherine  Bude, 
wife  of  the  Treasurer,  in  whose  honour  Fouquet, 
at  her  husband's  command,  adorned  her  tomb 
at  Melun  with  this  same  diptych,  which  is  of 
exceptional  size  for  the  work  of  a  miniaturist. 

All  students  who  desire  to  understand  the 
controversy  regarding  the  tiara  of  Olbia  cannot 
do  better  than  read  the  essay  by  M.  T. 
Reinach  which  is  a  leading  feature  in  the 
sixteenth  volume  of  the  Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts. 
In  it  the  author  joins  issue  with  M.  Wes- 
selovsky  and  Prof.  Furtwangler,  who,  as  the 
French  archaeologist  dryly  says,  has  not  only 
the  advantage  of  knowing  his  subject,  but 
of  having  seen  and  handled  the  relic  in 
dispute.  The  Russian  gentleman's  case  was 
considerably  weakened  when  the  Keeper  of  the 
Antiquities  in  the  Hermitage,  going  to  Paris  pre- 
pared to  doubt  the  tiara,  which  he  had  not  then 
seen,  authorized  M.  Kaempfen  to  declare  that 
he  considered  not  only  the  tiara  to  be  authentic, 
but  its  appendages  to  be  beyond  challenge.  M. 
Reinach  addresses  himself  most  effectively  to  the 
refutation  of  hisTeutonicantagonist.  We  hope  we 
have  heard  the  last  of  this  discussion.  M.  Vala- 
bregue completes  his  notes  on  the  Museum  at 
Bale  ;  what  M.  M.  Reymond  writes  upon 
Ghiberti  is  interesting  ;  a  pleasant  and  searching 
paper  by  M.  G.  Schefer  tells  us  of  the  portraits 
which  he  has  recognized  in  the  pictures 
of  Watteau  ;  M.  Solomon  Reinach's  '  Courrier 
de  l'Art  Antique  '  reaches  its  thirteenth  section; 
and  various  papers  of  more  temporary  interest 
deal  with  the  Salons  of  1896,  as  well  as  with  the 
decoration  (comprising  some  very  wild  freaks  of 
design)  of  Paris  during  the  Tsar's  recent  visit. 


PETERBOROUGH   CATHEDRAL. 

The  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Peterborough  have 
persisted  in  their  determination  to  begin  the 
pulling  down  of  the  west  front,  without  giving 
a  hearing  to  those  who  are  prepared  to  show 
by  experiment  at  their  own  expense  that  repair 
without  demolition  is  possible,  and,  indeed,  not 
difficult.  The  work  of  destruction  began  on  the 
north  gable  of  the  fronton  Tuesday,  the  12thinst., 
and  not  much  has  been  done  yet ;  but  already  we 
are  told  that  the  stones  are  "  perished  to  a  greater 
extent  than  was  expected."  Just  so.  It  is  the 
beginning  of  the  course  of  discovery  which  the 
defenders  of  the  old  building  have  foreseen 
from  the  first.  Once  we  were  told  that  only 
a  part  of  one  gable  was  to  be  taken  down.  The 
part  proved  to  be  no  less  than  the  whole  and 
something  beyond  that.  Then  we  were  told 
that  only  eighteen  stones  would  need  to  be 
replaced  by  new,  now  that  they  are  perished  to 
a  greater  extent  than  was  expected.  And  so 
it  will  be  to  the  end.  In  spite  of  the  affected 
grief  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  over  the  sad 
necessity  for  pulling  down,  does  any  one 
believe  that  they  have  not  been  determined 
to  pull  down  from  the  first,  or  that  Mr. 
Pearson  will  cease  from  making  such  dis- 
coveries as  that  announced  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  work  so  long  as  two  stones  of 
the  old  front  remain  standing  ?  And  for  the 
building  which  is  to  be  put  in  its  place — well, 
the  stones  will  be  found  to  be  perished  to  a 
greater  extent  than  was  expected. 

The  decree  for  the  destruction  of  the  front 
was  made  at  a  meeting  of  the  "Restora- 
tion "  Committee,  a  rather  nebulous  body  be- 
hind which  the  Dean  and  Chapter  have  found 
it  convenient  to  hide  themselves  more  than 
once.  At  that  meeting  Mr.  Thompson,  the 
contractor — who  had  no  business  to  be  present 
at  all — was  put  forward  by  the  destroying  party, 
and  said  that  lie  would  not  risk  the  lives  of  liiss 
men  by  attempting  to  carry  out  the  scheme  of 
preserving  the  front.  This,  no  doubt,  sounded 
very  terrible  and  convincing  to  the  committee, 
who  did  not  understand  the  lechnicale  of  the 
case,  and  turned  their  votes  the  way  the  Dean 


and  Chapter  wished.  But  to  practical  men  who 
know  the  building  it  only  shows  Mr.  Thompson 
speaking  as  a  partisan  and  not  as  an  expert. 

The   specification    issued   by   the   Society  of 
Antiquaries  has  the  disadvantage  of  being  with- 
out diagrams,  because  the  Dean  and  Chapter, 
who  are  so  grieved  about  the  necessity  of  pulling 
down,  forbade  those  who  wished  to  show  them 
how  it  might  be  saved  all  access  to  the  building 
as  soon  as  they  came  to  understand   that  the 
offer   of   help   was   serious.     Nevertheless,   the 
specification   demonstrates   how  unnecessary  is 
the  destruction  which  has  been  forced  on  by  the 
Dean   and   Chapter,   Mr.   Pearson,    Sir  Arthur 
Blomfield,  and,  we  must  now  add,  the  contractor. 
The  specification  is  preceded  by  a  statement  of 
the  action  taken  for  the  preservation  of  the  west 
front  of  the  cathedral.    It  is  moderately  worded, 
but  shows  the  crooked  tactics  of  the  destroyers, 
and    their    persistent   efforts    to    prevent   any 
interference  with  their  predetermined  plan   to 
pull  the  building  down.     We  have  heard  that 
there  are  some  upon  the  Chapter  who  have  not 
sided  with  the  Dean  and  Canon  Clayton,  the 
spokesmen  on  the  destroying  side.    If  it  be  so, 
we  are  sorry  for  the  minority  ;  but  unless  they 
speak  out  in  their  own  defence  they  must  share 
the  obloquy  which  their  colleagues  have  earned. 
The  work  of  the  societies  will  not  be  thrown 
away  though  the  front  of  Peterborough  Cathe- 
dral may  be  sacrificed  to  the  caprice  and  vanity 
of  a  few  men.     All  over  the  country  the  press 
has  shown  how  large  an  interest  the  public  is 
taking   in   the   matter :    for  one    expression   of 
approval  of  the  destroying  scheme  there  have 
been  at  least  twenty  opposed  to  it,  and  this  is 
an  indication  that  the  Chapter  may  not  easily 
get  the  eleven  thousand  pounds  they  ask   for. 
The  press  has  afforded  them  scarcely  any  direct 
support.      The  nearest   approach  to  it  in  any 
important  paper    has  been   an  article    in    the 
Times  of  Tuesday,  the  12th  inst.,  the  writer  of 
which  showed  his  appreciation  of  the  matter  by  de- 
claring thatas  one  scheme  proposed  to  rebuild  the 
back  of  the  wall  and  the  other  both  the  back  and 
the  front,  the  difference  was  only  that  "  'twixt 
Tweedledum  and  Tweedledee."     Let  him  think 
this  over  with  respect  to  a  picture  by  Titian, 
and  see  how  it  works  out.     This  same  writer 
professes  much  admiration  for  Lord  Grimthorpe, 
whom  he  calls  the  scourge  of  architects — much 
the  same  sort  of    scourge,  we  take  it,  as   the 
Shakspearean     Thersites    was     to    the    Greek 
heroes.     But  the  mention  of  scourges  calls  to 
mind   what   Gibbon   records    of    the   Emperor 
Majorian,  who    tried    to   stop   the    degenerate 
citizens   of    Rome   from   destroying   the   great 
buildings   with   which   their    predecessors   had 
adorned  the  city.     He  imposed  a  fine  of  2,000?. 
on     every    magistrate    who     sanctioned     such 
destruction,   "and   threatened   to  chastise   the 
criminal  obedience  of  their  subordinate  officers 
by  severe  whipping  and  the  amputation  of  both 
their   hands."     A   fine   of   2,000?.   imposed   on 
each  member  of  the  Chapter  of   Peterborough 
would  produce  more  than  would  be  needed  for 
the  proper  repair  of  the  front.     But  we  should 
not  like  to  whip  Mr.  Thompson  or  to  take  off 
his  hands.     Some  milder  way  might  be  found 
of  teaching  him  not  to   talk  mischievous  uon- 
sense  again. 


The  Society  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours 
opens  next  week  a  special  exhibition  of  works 
by  Lord  Leighton,  Mr.  A.  W.  Hunt,  the 
brothers  Fripp,  Mr.  Beavis,  Mr.  E.  K.  John- 
son, and  Mr.  Du  Maurier. 

On  Thursday  evening  of  last  week  Mr.  John 
Singer  Sargent,  who  for  tin'  first  time  in  this 
country  exhibited  a  picture  in  1882,  and  became 
an  Associate  of  the  Royal  Academy  in  1894,  was 
elected  a  Royal  Academician  ;  at  the  same  time 
Mr.  Alfred  Parsons,  who  first  exhibited  here  in 
1868,  and  Mr.  James  Jebusa  Shannon,  who  has 


1.).) 


T  II  E     A  Til  EN/E  C  M 


N°3G13,  Jan.  23,  '97 


been    an    exhibitor    from   1881,    were    el< 

Ass.  riil 

m-   IBs.  Chbistib,  Massms  a    Woods  sold 

on     tlio    16th     and    1 8th     inst.    tho     following. 

Drawing:  F.  Morgan,  'In  the  Hayfield,' 
:>ll.  Pictures:  T.  Feed,  'The  Glee  Maiden, ' 
ami  the  Engraving  by  1''.  Boll,  110'.;  <;.  Mor- 
land,    'The  Gamekeeper's    Return,'  47-/.;    E. 

Verboeckhoven,  '  Interior  of  a  Shed,  with  ewes, 
lambs,  and  poultry,'  3361. 

Tiu:  inside  of  the  Lady  Chapel  of  Gloucester 
Cathedral  is  being  grimthorped  in  secret.     The 
outside,  which  needed  repair,  has  been  subjected 
to  wholesale  renovation.       But    promises  were 
given   that   the  inside,  which  did  not  want  any- 
thing  done    to  it,   should   he  respected,  and  on 
several   occasions   the   Dean  lias  publicly  given 
his  word   that  nothing   should   be  done  to  the 
reredos  whilst  he  is  in  authority  to  prevent  it. 
A    few  days  since    a    visitor    to    the  cathedral 
was  told  that  orders  bad  been    given  that   no 
one  was    to   be   admitted    to    the    chapel,    and 
the   vergers  were  forbidden  to  speak  about  it. 
Nevertheless  he  saw  into  it,  and  found  "restora- 
tion "   in  full  career.      The  tile  pavement,  the 
largest  and  most  perfect  of  its  kind  and  date  in 
England,  was  all  torn  up,  and  the  place  spread 
with  concrete.     Whether  operations  had  begun 
upon  the  reredos  he  was  not  able  to  see.     It 
will  be  remembered  that  this  reredos,  though 
terribly  shattered,  is  to  the  artist  and  antiquary 
a  xnost  important  monument,  for  nothing  of  the 
same  kind  is  to  be  found  anywhere  else.     And 
if,    after   repeated   promises   to   spare  it,   it   is 
given  as  a  prey  to  the  vulgar  "restorer,"  the 
public    confidence    in   deans    and    chapters    as 
guardians  of  our  cathedral  churches  will  receive 
a  blow  scarcely  less  heavy  than  they  of  Peter- 
borough have  just  given  it ;  and  the  hands  of 
those  who  wish  to  bring  about  a  change  will  be 
proportionately  strengthened.      We  believe  that 
the  professional  direction  of  the  work  at  Glou- 
cester is  with  Mr.  Waller  of  that  city  and  Mr. 
J.  L.  Pearson. 

Everybody  who  has  been  in  Paris  remembers 
the  charm  of  the  group  of  trees  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Seine  adjoining  the  Pont  Royal, 
which,  longer  than  we  can  remember,  has  added 
greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  incomparable  view 
which  embraces  the  river  from  Notre  Dame, 
the  He  St.  Louis,  the  He  de  la  Cite,  the 
Louvre,  the  Tuileries,  and  all  Paris  as  far 
as  the  Arc  de  l'Etoile.  When  we  say  that 
it  is  actually  proposed  to  destroy  these  trees 
and  devote  the  land  from  which  they  spring 
to  an  extension  of  the  qxai  at  that  place,  we 
have  said  all  that  need  be  said  of  an  act  of 
stupid  vandalism  of  which  London  could  not 
show  the  like. 

It  is  r.ot  ominous  of  good  that  a  former 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction  and  the  Fine 
Arts  in  Japan  has  arrived  in  Paris  on  account 
of  his  Government  to  study  the  methods  of 
teaching  art  in  France.  We  trust  he  may  not 
come  to  London  with  the  same  object. 

Prof.  Heirrli,  of  Zurich,  at  the  request  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Thurgau,  has  under- 
taken the  publication  of  an  arclneological  map 
of  the  canton,  with  an  introduction  and  an 
index  of  "  finds." 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  Jami>'s  Ham,.—  Henschel  Cm-certs;  Fopular  Con- 
certs; Mr.  l.amond's  Pianoforte  Recital. 

Qakkick  Theatre  —  Carl  Rosa  Opera:  'Tannbauser'; 
'  Romeo  and  Juliet ';  '  I.a  Vivandiere.' 

A  CONCISE  and  admirably  selected  pro- 
gramme was  put  forward  at  the  third  of 
Mr.  Henschel's  Symphony  Concerts  on 
Thursday  evening  last  week.  It  opened 
with  Schumann's  beautiful  overture  to  his 
only  opera,  '  Genoveva,'  which  is  not  by  any 


moans  likely  to  bo  r<  rvivi  d  on  the  Btago  in 
London,  owing  to  the  want  of  dramatic  ^rip 
in  the  music  Beethoven's  'Elegiac  Ode,' 
Op.    118,    for  four  voices   and  strings,  was 

repeated  by  desire,  the  soloists  (Mrs.  Ilen- 
Bohel,  Miss  Gondar,  Mr.  "Walter  Ford,  and 
Mr.  George  Holmes)  doing  full  justice  to 
music  which  is  curiously  like  the   English 

glees  of  tho  period  in  phraseology.  The 
central  feature  of  the  concert  was  Tschai- 
kowsky's  justly  admired  '  Symphonic-  Pathe- 
tiquo '  in  B  minor,  the  rendering  of  which, 
though  not  wanting  in  merit,  could  not 
compare  with  that  under  Herr  Richter  a 
few  weeks  previously,  the  tempi  being  at 
times  too  quick  and  the  phrasing  not  suffi- 
ciently tender  and  pathetic.  On  the  whole, 
however,  it  was  a  creditable  performance. 
Miss  Ilona  Eibenschiitz  was  heard  to  much 
advantage  in  Grieg's  Pianoforte  Concerto  in 
A  minor.  The  concert  ended  with  Wagner's 
Overture  to  '  Tannhauser,'  which  was  better 
played  than  on  some  previous  occasions. 

Prof.  Yilliers  Stanford's  Quartet  in  a 
minor,  Op.  45,  repeated  at  the  Popular 
Concert  last  Saturda}'  afternoon,  improves 
on  acquaintance,  and  is  unquestionably  a 
work  of  great  merit  and  interest.  The  very 
promising  young  pianist  Miss  Ivatie  Good- 
son  made  a  most  suitable  selection  in  Schu- 
mann's '  Kinderscenen,'  Op.  15,  which  she 
played  delightfully,  and  although  she  is  as 
yet  little  more  than  a  child,  Miss  Goodson 
has  the  making  of  an  artist.  The  remaining 
items  in  the  programme  consisted  of  songs 
by  Schumann  and  other  composers,  taste- 
fully sung  by  Mr.  Kennerley  Rumford,  and 
familiar  works  by  Handel  and  Beethoven. 

Monday's  scheme  opened  with  a  novelty 
at  these  concerts,  namely,  Tschaikowsky's 
String  Quartet  in  d,  Op.  11,  the  first  effort 
of  the  Russian  master  in  this  branch  of  his 
art,  and  certainly  not  deficient  in  his  indi- 
viduality of  utterance.  The  slow  movement, 
andante  cantabile  in  b  flat,  is  extremely  ex- 
pressive, and  as  interpreted  by  Lady  Halle 
and  Messrs.  Ries,  Gibson,  and  Piatti,  the 
quartet  made  a  warm  impression.  "We  can- 
not so  warmly  commend  M.  Slivinski  in 
Schumann's  'Carnaval,'  as  the  rendering 
was  rather  wanting  in  technical  accuracy 
and  in  sentimental  feeling.  Rubinstein's 
brilliant  Trio  ended  the  concert,  and  songs 
were  interpreted  with  acceptance  by  Miss 
Thudichum. 

Mr.  Frederic  Lamond  has  been  a  stranger 
to  our  shores  for  a  considerable  period,  and 
London  amateurs  would  seem  to  have  for- 
gotten him,  for  there  was  a  singularly  small 
audience  at  the  first  of  his  pianoforte  recitals 
on  Tuesday  afternoon.  He  has  greatly  de- 
veloped his  talent  during  his  residence  in 
Germany,  and  gave  really  fine  performances 
of  Beethoven's  Sonata  in  r  minor,  Op.  57, 
and  Brahms's  extremely  difficult  Variations 
on  a  Theme  by  Paganini,  Op.  35.  Splendid 
technique  was  also  displayed  in  Chopin's 
Sonata  in  b  flat  minor,  though  we  think  tho 
Funeral  March  was  taken  somewhat  too 
fast.  At  his  next  recital  Mr.  Lamond  will 
play  Beethoven's  great  Sonata  in  b  flat, 
Op.  10(i,  and  Schumann's  'Etudes  Sym- 
phoniques.' 

As  tho  London  season  of  tho  Carl  Rosa 
Opera  Company  is  to  be  limited  to  three 
weeks,  it  would  bo  unreasonable  to  expect 
elaborate  stage  arrangements,  especially  in 
such  a  small  theatre  as  the  Garrick ;   but 


!v  more  care  and  taste  might  have  been 
1  in  tho  performance  of  'Tann- 
hauser' on  Monday  night.  It  i-hould  bo 
remembered  that  Wagner  desired  his  works 
to  be  regarded  as  combinations  of  the  arts, 
the  music  not  being  tho  only  element  of 
importance.  The  master's  directions  as  to 
tho  staging  were  far  from  being  strictly 
rved ;  but  we  hasten  to  add  that,  vocally 
considered,  tho  performance  was  extremely 
commendable.  Mr.  Hedmondt,  though  he 
did  not  look  much  like  a  mediaeval  Minne- 
singer, sang  well  and  acted  very  finely. 
Miss  Rita  Elandi  was  in  all  respects  sym- 
pathetic as  Elizabeth,  and  Mr.  Ludwig  was, 
as  usual,  excellent  in  the  part  of  Wolfram. 
The  chorus  possesses  good  quality  of  tone, 
and  the  general  performance  under  Herr 
Richard  Eckhold  may  be  praised. 

Gounod's  now  favourite  opera  '  Romeo 
and  Juliet '  was  most  creditably  rendered 
on  the  following  night.  Mr.  Brozel  was  in 
good  voice,  and  sang  well  as  the  hero,  and 
Miss  Alice  Esty  was  a  sweet  Juliet.  Mr. 
Alec  Marsh  as  Mercutio,  Mr.  Charles  Til- 
bury as  Friar  Laurence,  Miss  Lillie 
Williams  as  Gertrude,  and  Miss  Lily 
Heenan  as  Stephano,  all  showed  themselves 
equal  to  their  duties,  and  the  chorus  was 
again  admirable. 

'  La   Vivandiere,'    a   three-act   opera    by 
the  late  Benjamin  Godard,    enjoyed  much 
success  at  the  Paris  Opera  Comique,    and 
English  provincial  audiences  seem  to  have 
found   pleasure  in   it  since   its   production 
in  this  country  at  Liverpool  in  March  last 
year.     M.    Henri   Cain's    libretto    is    little 
better  than  that  of  a  French  opera-bouffe ; 
that  is  to  say,  the  principal  characters  and 
the  plot  generally  are  inconsistent  and  im- 
probable   to    the    last   degree.      Donizetti 
wrote  a    once  popular,  but    now  neglected 
opera   'The    Daughter    of    the  Regiment/ 
and  'La  Vivandiere'  might  be  termed  'The 
Mother  of   the  Regiment,'  for  the  heroine 
is  a  middle-aged  woman  with  iron-grey 
locks,  and  her  principal  mission,  apart  from 
her  duty  as  being  in  the  van  of  the  French 
Revolution ary  army,  is  to  save  the  young 
hero,    who    has     taken    the     side    of    the 
Republicans      against      his      father,      the 
Marquis    de   Rieul,    an    elderly   aristocrat. 
The  father    is   taken   prisoner,  and  would 
be    shot    as  a  rebel ;    but  the  son    George 
rescues  him,  with  the  timely  assistance  of 
Marion     the     vivandiere,    and      finally    an 
amnesty  is   declared,    all   being    pardoned. 
Apart  from  one  or  two  episodes,  6uch  as  that 
when    the    heroine    takes    compassion     on 
George's  sweetheart  Joanne,  and  promises 
to  be  a  mother  to  her,  the  book  is  silly,  and 
its  translation  by  Mr.  George  Whyte  cannot 
be    praised.     With   respect   to   the   music, 
there  is  no  occasion  to  enter  into  details,  as 
there  is  not  the  smallest  likelihood  of  '  La 
Vivandiere '    holding    the    London    stage. 
Much  of  it  is  in  the  style   of  light  comic 
opera,  but  there  are  some  numbers  that  com- 
mand approbation,  such  as  the  berceuse  suug 
by  Marion,  the  love  duet,  and  the  military 
dances.     Mile.  Zelie  de  Lussan  sang  beauti- 
fully in  the  titular  part;  Mr.  Hedmondt  and 
Miss  Bessie  MacDonald  were  highly  accept- 
able as  the  lovers  ;  aud  Messrs.  Alec  Marsh, 
William  Faull,  and  Charles  Tilbury  did  well 
in  other  parts.     Concerning  the  remaining 
performances  of   the  week  notice  must  be 
reserved. 


N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


123 


RECENT   PUBLICATIONS. 

The  Early  Correspondence  of  Hans  von  Billow. 
Edited  by  his  Widow.  Selected  and  translated 
into  English  by  Constance  Bache.  (Fisher 
Unwin.) — It  can  scarcely  be  said  that  the  late 
pianist  and  conductor  Hans  von  Biilow  met 
with  the  measure  of  appreciation  in  this 
country  that  he  deserved  ;  but  the  apathy 
of  English  amateurs  towards  him,  espe- 
cially during  the  last  years  of  his  life,  was 
mainly  due  to  his  eccentricities  of  speech 
and  manner,  which  eventually  developed 
into  cerebral  disease.  It  should  not  be  for- 
gotten that  Biilow  gave  pianoforte  recitals  un- 
aided nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  a  time 
■when  such  performances  were  practically  new 
to  London.  He  was  at  his  best  as  an  inter- 
preter of  Beethoven,  whose  sonatas  were 
generally  played  in  a  cold  and  perfunctory 
manner  except  when  Madame  Schumann 
paid  us  her  annual  visits.  He  was  a 
doughty  champion  of  Wagner,  even  when  his 
domestic  relations  with  the  Bayreuth  master 
were  of  a  somewhat  curious  nature,  and  some 
remarkably  fine  performances  of  Wagnerian 
excerpts  were  given  under  his  direction  at  St. 
James's  Hall.  Frau  Marie  von  Biilow,  his 
widow,  has  written  an  eloquent  preface  to  the 
German  edition  of  the  present  volume,  and  Miss 
Bache  supplies  one  for  her  own  book,  explain- 
ing that  the  selection  from  the  240  original 
letters  was  made  with  a  view  to  interest  English 
readers.     She  adds,  with  some  truth  : — 

"Hans  von  Biilow  has  been,  with  one  exception, 
the  '  best  abused  '  musician  of  our  day.  He  has  been 
more  misunderstood,  more  laughed  at,  aud  even 
sneered  at,  than  any  other  except  Waguer.  The 
reasons  for  this  judgment  are  superficial  and  are  not 
far  to  seek.  Biilow  had  a  hasty  tongue,  and  he  was 
apt  to  say  exactly  what  he  meant  without  softening 
down  the  edges." 

Miss  Bache  continues,  with  justification,  as 
follows  : — 

"  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  very  many  of 
these  letters  are  to  his  parents,  and  in  these  he  gives 
the  reins  to  his  aspirations,  disappointments,  and 
confidences  with  a  naivete  and  absolute  truthfulness 
rare  even  betwe-  n  parent  and  child.'' 

The  majority  of  the  early  letters,  commencing 
in  1830,  are  addressed  to  his  mother,  but  some 
to  his  father,  to  whom  he  always  wrote  in  terms 
of  respect,  although  his  parents  had  become 
estranged  from  each  other  for  some  time.  Hans 
did  not  know  for  a  week  of  his  father's  death, 
which  occurred  suddenly  on  September  16th, 
1853,  and  thus  he  writes  to  his  sister  : — 

"  I  am  too  violently  shaken,  too  painfully  smitten, 
so  stupefied,  I  might  say,  in  mind  and  strength,  that 
lam  unable  to  answer  your  beautiful  letter  as  it 
deserves;  to  give  you,  or  rather  to  return  to  you, 

anything    like  what  you    have   given    me Your 

tender  sisterly  love  will  well  imagine  what  my 
feelings  here  must  be  ;  how  each  of  the  countless 
memories  of  him  whom  I  loved  as  deeply— though 
he  doubted  it— as  I  honoured  him,  and  how  the 
picture  of  our  lost  one,  must  awaken  the  most 
poignant  grief  at  his  absence." 

Here  speaks  the  man  ;  as  to  the  musician  this 
volume  may  be  consulted  with  advantage, 
though  it  must  be  confessed  the  style  of  the 
letters  is  rather  spasmodic,  and  at  times  almost 
hysterical.     They  finish  in  May,  1855. 

Wagner's  Heroines.  By  Constance  Maud. 
(Arnold.)— When  speaking  of  the  writer's  pre- 
vious book,  entitled  '  Wagner's  Heroes,'  we 
suggested  that  a  companion  volume  might  follow, 
as  the  subject  was  by  no  means  exhausted.  The 
present  book  supplies  the  deficienc}',  for  we  have 
here  descriptive  chapters  on  'The  Nibelung's 
Ring,'  'The  Flying  Dutchman,'  and  'Tristan 
and  Isolde,'  the  heroines  of  these  three  music 
dramas  being,  of  course,  kept  in  prominence, 
though  the  story  in  each  instance  is  intelligibly 
told.  The  dedication  is  to  "all  children,  big 
and  little,  who  liked  'Wagner's  Heroes." 
With  reference  to  Isolde,  the  author  says  truly 
that  it  must  be  remembered  that  she  is  Wag- 
ner's Isolde,  and  that  the  great  poet-musician 
saw  her  with  other   eyes   than   either  old  Sir 


Thomas  Malory,  Matthew  Arnold,  or  Mr. 
Swinburne,  though  each  of  these  poets  told 
most  charming  tales  of  her.  In  telling  Wag- 
ner's dramatic  poems  in  prose,  Miss  Constance 
Maud  indulges  in  romance  and  paraphrase  not 
a  little,  but  the  ethical  teaching  of  the  master 
is  never  obscured.  We  referred  in  dealing  with 
her  previous  volume  to  the  resemblance  between 
her  style  and  that  adopted  by  Charles  Lamb  in 
his  '  Tales  from  Shakspeare.'  The  likeness  is 
maintained,  but  the  language  grows  in  exuberance. 
The  characters  are  made  to  speak  in  language 
which  is  not  Wagner's,  however  forcible  it  may 
be.  Here  is  the  description  of  the  closing  scene 
in  '  Gotterdammerung  ': — 

"Higher  and  yet  higher  in  the  glowing  skies 
reached  Loki's  fiery  arm  ;  beyond  the  moon,  be- 
yond the  farthest  twinkling  star,  till  it  seized  at 
last  on  the  gods'  splendid  abode,  the  doomed  Val- 
halla  The  only   king  who  can  withstand  Death 

is  Love — Love  which  is  not  quenched  but  purified 
by  many  waters,  and  emerges  the  brighter  and 
stronger  from  the  cleansing  fire." 

The  seven  illustrations  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Maud 
are,  like  those  of  Mr.  H.  Granville  Fell  in  the 
previous  book,  grotesque,  but  artistically  exe- 
cuted. These  books  cannot  fail  to  interest 
youthful  musical  students,  and  they  are  instruc- 
tive as  well  as  amusing. 


Pnskal  <§03Sirj. 

The  assertion  that  Herr  Seidl  will  conduct 
the  performances  in  German  during  the  summer 
opera  season  at  Covent  Garden  Theatre  has 
received  confirmation,  and  we  shall  doubtless 
hear  M.  Jean  de  Reszke  as  Siegfried,  and  his 
brother  Edouard  de  Reszke  as  Wotan,  both 
artists  being  spoken  of  in  the  highest  terms 
in  New  York.  Madame  Melba  was  not  a  suc- 
cess as  Briinnhilde,  because  her  voice  was  too 
light  and  her  style  too  undramatic  for  such  a 
part.  According  to  latest  advices  Madame 
Nordica  was  expected  to  do  much  better. 

Madame  Antoinette  Sterling's  concert  at 
St.  James's  Hall  on  Friday  afternoon  last  week 
had  a  programme  that  included  some  high-class 
items.  The  popular  mezzo-soprano  sang  lyrics 
by  Schubert  and  Liszt;  and  Beethoven's  Sonata 
in  G  for  pianoforte  and  violin,  Op.  9G,  was 
excellently  played  by  Miss  Fanny  Davies  and 
M.  Johannes  Wolff. 

The  programme  of  the  Queen's  Hall  Pro- 
menade Concert  last  Saturday  evening  com- 
menced with  a  selection  of  three  movements 
from  Gounod's  beautiful,  but  unjustly  neglected 
semi-sacred  opera  'Polyeucte,'  and  included 
also  as  novelties  a  suite  arranged  and  newly 
orchestrated  from  Gluck's  operas  by  Herr  Felix 
Mottl,  and  a  clever  and  effective  '  Scene  des 
Bacchanales '  by  Mr.  Ernest  Ford,  from  the 
ballet  music  written  for  '  Faust '  at  the  Empire 
Theatre. 

Mr.  Robert  Newman  has  now  virtually  com- 
pleted the  arrangements  for  the  five  concerts 
under  Herr  Felix  Mottl  at  the  Queen's  Hall, 
on  Tuesday  evenings  March  16th  and  30th, 
April  13th,  and  May  11th  and  18th.  The  first 
programme  will  consist  of  the  "Development 
of  the  Overture,"  and  will  include  examples  by 
Handel,  Cluck,  Mozart,  Beethoven,  Weber, 
Mendelssohn,  Berlioz,  and  Wagner.  The  last- 
named  poet-composer  will  be  very  strongly 
represented  at  the  remaining  concerts,  the  items 
including  the  whole  of  the  second  scene  from 
the  second  act  of  '  Parsifal '  and  the  whole  of 
the  third  act.  Herr  Vogl  will  appear  at  two 
concerts,  and  a  choir  of  nearly  two  hundred 
voices  will  come  to  London  for  a  performance 
of  Beethoven's  Choral  Symphony  on  April  13th. 

At  Sir  Charles  Halle's  Manchester  Concerts, 
(Hi   Thursday  evening  this    week.    Prof.   Villiers 

Stanford's  choral  ballad  'The  Revenge'  and 
Dr.  Hubert  Parry's  Miltonic  ode  'Blesl  Pair  of 

Sirens  '  were  both  performed  for  the  first  time 
in  tho  Lancashire  city,  according  to  announce- 
ment, under  the  direction  of  Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen, 


and   Dvorak's   ode   '  The  Spectre's  Bride  '  was 
included  in  the  programme. 

The  Handel  Society  proposes  to  perform  the 
oratorio  of  '  Susanna '  at  the  People's  Palace  on 
the  evening  of  Saturday,  February  6th.  The 
soloists  will  be  Miss  Gertrude  Sichel  (Susanna), 
Miss  Muriel  Foster  (Joachim),  Mr.  Arthur 
Wills  (Chelsias),  Mr.  Harry  Stubbs  (First 
Elder),  and  Mr.  Francis  Harford  (Second 
Elder).  Mr.  J.  S.  Liddle  will  conduct,  Mr. 
Croager  will  be  the  organist,  and  Dr.  A.  H. 
Mann,  of  King's  College,  Cambridge,  has 
undertaken  to  fill  in  the  accompaniments  to  the 
airs  and  recitatives  on  the  piano. 

The  choral  rehearsals  for  the  Birmingham 
Festival  next  October  will  commence  in  March. 
Among  the  novelties  will  be  a  Requiem  Mass 
by  Prof.  Villiers  Stanford. 

Messrs.  Gilbert  and  Sullivan's  amazingly 
successful  comic  opera  '  The  Mikado '  has  been 
played  in  various  parts  of  Europe,  but  not 
hitherto  in  French.  It  is  now,  however,  being 
adapted  for  performance  in  that  language  in 
Brussels. 

Prof.  Villiers  Stanford's  comic  master- 
piece in  opera  '  Shamus  O'Brien  '  is  meeting 
with  much  success  in  New  York,  which  is  not 
surprising,  as  the  music  is  marked  by  freshness 
and  beauty,  the  story  is  interesting,  and  the 
Irish  colony  in  the  American  city  is  large  and 
patriotic. 

English  music  is  at  last  beginning  to  be 
recognized  in  Italy.  A  so-called  "British 
Festival  "  is  to  be  held  at  Rome  during  Easter 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Albert  Visetti.  Sir 
Arthur  Sullivan's  'Golden  Legend,'  Sir  Alex- 
ander Mackenzie's  '  Britannia  '  Overture,  Prof. 
Villiers  Stanford's  '  Irish  '  Symphony,  and  com- 
positions by  Dr.  Hubert  Parry  and  Mr.  F.  H. 
Cowen  are  to  be  performed. 

Signor  Puccini's  new  opera  on  the  gruesome 
subject  of  'La  Tosca '  is  not  likely  to  be  pro- 
duced this  year,  though  from  no  fault  of  the 
composer,  as  he  has  received  the  words  of  only 
the  first  act  from  his  librettists,  and  of  course, 
in  accordance  with  modern  art  theories,  con- 
tinuity in  the  music  of  a  lyric  drama  is  as 
essential  as  consistency  in  the  story.  Hence 
a  composer  cannot  proceed  if  the  entire  founda- 
tion is  not  before  him. 

The  Auckland  Musical  Society,  New  Zealand, 
has  decided  to  produce  very  shortly  Mr. 
Edward  Elgar's  cantata  'King  Olaf, '  first  per- 
formed at  Hanley  in  October  last.  The  local 
papers  mention  the  favourable  opinions  of  the 
work  given  in  the  Athenwum,  which  may  now 
be  fully  endorsed. 

So-called  "grand  opera  "  seems  to  be  in  the 
ascendant  in  Cape  Town.  The  local  papers 
speak  in  the  highest  terms  of  Mr.  Luscombe 
Searelle's  company,  and  especially  of  Madame 
Fanny  Moody  and  her  husband,  Mr.  Charles 
Manners. 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT    WEEK 


Tin  BS 
lRt. 


Orchestral  Concert,  8  .'!0.  queen's  Hall 

National  Sunday  League,  '  The  Creation.' 7.  HolUnrn  Town  Hall. 

National  Sunday  League,  Handel's    Samson.'  7   Queen's  Hall 

Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7  80,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 

Bignorlna  Tereslna  Tua's  Recital,  :i.  St.  James's  Hall. 

Popular  Concert.  8,  si  James's  Mall 

Carl   Rosa  <>i>eia     '  Cavalleria  Kusticana  '    and    '  Pagliacci,'  8. 

Garrick  Theatre 
Mr  F  Lamond's  Pianoforte  Recital,  8,  St  James's  Hill 
Highbury  Philharmonic  Society's  Coneen  Pirsl  Performance  in 

London  ol   1'iof    Stanford  s  '  l'haudri:,' l  rohooio.   S.  Highbury 

Atheim  un 
Carl  Rosa  Opera,  'Carmen.'  8.  Oarriek  Theatre, 
llallad  Concert.  3.  St   James's  Hall 
Carl    Rosa    Opera,    Die    Meistorsingor.     Afternoon,    Oarriek 

Theatre 
carl  Rosa  opera.  '  Tannh  iuser.'B  Barries  i  heat  re 
Mr  OomperU's  Chamber  Concert  BIG  Queen's  Ball 
carl  Rosa  open  '  Lohengi  ins  Qai  i  Ick  i  heatre 
Miss  1  annv  DaTiei  and   Miss  Louise  PhUlips'S  l'iano  and  Song 

Recital,  :i  si  James  ■  Hail. 
(ari  Ross  Opera,    inr  Melsterslngar,1  B,  Oarriek  Theatre. 
Queen  ■  Hail  Bj  mphonj  Concert  ■' 
Popular  Concert,  8  si  James's  Hall 
c  .Hi  Ross  Opera,    Mlgnon   Afternoon,  (.amok  Theatre 
Orchestral  Concert,  8  si  James's  Hall. 
Promenade  Coneen  Hall 

carl  Rosa  Opera,  s.  Barries  Theatre 


124 


T  B  E     A  T  II  KNi;UM 


K°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


DRAMA 


Ornmntic  gossip. 

In  the  now  ]>l;iy  at  tho  Avcmic,  the  forth- 
coming production  of  which  whs  first  announced 
in  the  Athencewm,   Mr.  Forbes  Robertson  will 

personate  Lord  Nilson  and  Mrs.  Patrick  Camp- 
bell Lady  Hamilton.  There  seems  likely  to  be 
a  run  on  commanders,  military  or  naval. 

'His  Litti.k  DoDOB1  was  withdrawn  from 
the  Royalty  on  Saturday  last,  and  Mr.  Alex- 
ander's tenure  of  that  theatre  is  presumably 
over. 

At  the  close  of  the  season  of  Carl  Rosa  opera 
at  the  (Jarrick  Mr.  Justin  H.  McCarthy's  altera- 
tion of  'My  Friend  from  India,'  a  play  by  Mr. 
H.  A.  du  Souchet,  produced  last  month  at 
Hoyt's  Theatre  in  New  York,  will  be  given. 

For  the  forthcoming  production  of  Echegaray's 
'Mariana,'  in  which  Miss  Elizabeth  Robins  will 
play  the  heroine,  Mr.  H.  B.  Irving  has  been 
engaged  as  the  hero. 

Mn.  Arthur  Roberts  will  shortly  reappear 
at  the  Prince  of  Wales's  in  a  version  by  Mr. 
Arthur  Sturgess  of  'La  Poupe'e,'  a  Parisian 
piece  not  likely  to  prove  too  tractable  to  the 
adapter. 

A  representation  of  Robertson's  '  Society ' 
was  given  yesterday  afternoon  for  a  benefit  at 
the  Criterion  with  Miss  Rose  Leclercq  as  Lady 
Ptarmigant,  and  Messrs.  Kemble,  Brookfield, 
Farquhar,  Righton,  and  Eric  Lewis  in  other 
parts. 

This  evening  witnesses  the  reopening  of  the 
Lyceum  with  'Cymbeline,'  Miss  Ellen  Terry 
reappearing  for  one  week  as  Imogen. 

In  the  forthcoming  revival  at  the  Lyceum  of 
'Olivia'  Mr.  Vezin  will  play  Dr.  Primrose. 
The  adaptation  of  'Madame  Sans-Gene,' which 
will  follow  at  the  same  house,  is  by  Mr.  Comyns 
Carr. 

The  assumption  by  Miss  Hilda  Spong  of  the 
part  of  Marion  Thornton  in  '  Two  Little 
Vagabonds '  at  the  Princess's  should  give 
that  admirably  sympathetic  play  a  new  lease 
of  life.  This  is  the  first  time  Miss  Spong 
has  done  herself  justice  and  shown  herself 
to  be  what  she  obviously  is,  a  pleasing  and 
an  accomplished  artist,  and  a  noteworthy  addi- 
tion to  our  rather  insignificant  list  of  actresses 
able  to  take  the  lead  in  sentimental  drama. 
The  first  three  acts  of  the  melodrama  should 
recommend  it  to  all  playgoers.  Not  below  the 
average  of  melodrama  are  the  two  following 
acts,  but  the  spectator,  if  he  likes,  may  "cut" 
them.  Miss  Sydney  Fairbrother  and  Miss 
Kate  Tyndall  remain  delightful  as  the  two 
children.  The  play  is  generally  well  acted, 
both  in  the  serious  and  the  comic  characters, 
Mr.  Lyston  Lyle  deserving  special  mention. 
It  is  not  often  that  it  is  possible  to  speak  so 
warmly  of  a  piece  of  this  class.  As  workman- 
ship it  is  open  to  the  charge  of  conventionality 
and  crudeness,  but  it  is  informed  with  genuine 
sympathy,  and  in  the  early  scenes  is  very 
moving. 

Among  the  least  satisfactory  aspects  of  the 
stage  must  be  counted  the  system  by  which 
new  plays  are  mounted  and  produced  by  syndi- 
cates. Noways  daunted  arc  these  bodies  by  the 
fact  that  one  experiment  after  another  ends  in 
financial  disaster,  and  in  terrible  hardship  to 
the  actors  and  subordinates  of  a  theatre.  It 
seems  worth  while  to  look  for  a  moment  at  the 
conditions  under  which  a  play  presented  by  a 
syndicate  is  put  before  the  public.  There  are, 
let  us  say,  in  London  a  dozen  loyally  and  com- 
petently managed  theatres,  every  one  of  which 
is  eager  and  clamorous  for  a  piece  that  will 
justify  it  in  incurring  the  cost  of  production. 
If  then  a  play  is  produced  by  a  syndicate,  it  is 
one  which  fails  to  commend  itself  to  any  of 
these  managements.    A  syndicate  has,  as  a  rule, 


little  t-xpi-rience  and  less  money.  It  has  ranly 
a  chance  of  obtaining  possession  of  a  really 
popular  house,  nor  am  it  often  induce  any 
leading  actress  to  play  the  heroine.  Having 
then  secured  a  stage  with  a  gloomy  record  of 
failure,  it  assigns  some  at  least  of  the  female 
characters  to  actresses  without  experience,  or 
with  too  much,  who  can  personally  or  vicariously 
bring  a  few  score  pounds  into  the  venture. 
Supposing  the  piece  to  be  vital  enough  (a  thing 
very  hard  of  acceptance)  to  survive  an  interpre- 
tation necessarily  inferior  to  that  at  a  first-class 
theatre,  there  is  seldom  money  enough  to  enable 
the  management  to  hold  on  unless  the  work  itself 
pays  "  from  hand  to  mouth."  Yet  the  prices 
charged  for  admission  to  this  vamped-up  show 
are  the  same  that  are  demanded  for  a  well- 
ordered  entertainment.  Knowing  the  glamour 
that  extends  from  the  mimic  presentation 
of  human  joys  and  sorrows  over  the  boards 
themselves  whereon  these  are  exhibited,  and 
even  over  the  things  connected  with  manage- 
ment that  are  almost  necessarily  sordid,  we  do 
not  marvel  at  the  constant  succession  of  theatri- 
cal enterprises  undertaken  with  scarcely  a  chance 
of  success.  When  a  complaint  is  heard,  however, 
of  the  decline  of  the  drama  it  may  not  be  justified 
by  any  number  of  instances  of  plays  like  this. 
Plays  by  competent  authors  fail  occasionally 
at  well-managed  theatres.  The  cases  are  few, 
however,  in  which  the  mishap  is  not  traceable 
to  some  cause  outside  legitimate  artistic  and 
commercial  speculation.  The  syndicate  system 
generally  brings  disaster  with  it.  It  cannot 
honestly  be  said  that  it  often  deserves  to 
succeed. 


MISCELLANEA 


Little  Silverhair  and  the  Three  Bears.  — 
Perhaps  you  will  kindly  grant  space  to  an 
inquiry  which,  though  it  only  relates  to  a 
nursery  tale,  I  consider  worthy  of  the  attention 
of  any  person  of  literary  and  artistic  tastes. 
The  well-known  '  Story  of  Little  Silverhair  and 
the  Three  Bears,'  according  to  the  index  of  a 
small  and  not  very  elegant  book  called,  if  I 
remember  rightly,  'The  Child's  Companion,' 
was  written  by  Southey.  If  so,  I  need  no 
apology  in  asking,  firstly,  Is  the  tale  really 
invented  by  Southey  1  or  has  he  made  use  of 
traditional  "folk-lore"  in  composing  it? 
Secondly,  Which  is  the  proper  interpretation 
to  be  put  on  the  personal  relationship  of  the 
three  bears?  All  illustrations  of  the  subject  I 
have  ever  seen,  even  those  by  Walter  Crane, 
represent  them  as  a  married  couple  with 
a  child.  This  appears  to  me  an  unaccount- 
able mistake.  Ever  since  I  heard  the 
tale  from  "nurse,"  I  never  doubted  that 
the  three  bears  were  bachelor  brothers,  and 
it  seems  evident  from  the  words  of  the  tale 
that  the  poet  had  the  same  idea.  If  the  middle 
bear  was  a  female,  according  to  general  custom 
she  would  have  done  the  cooking  alone, 
and  would  have  been  managing  some  other 
household  affairs  (probably  washing  the  small 
bear's  hands  and  combing  his  hair) ;  instead 
of  which  we  find  these  three  jolly  com- 
panions leaving  their  porridge  to  cool,  and 
taking  a  walk  together.  Equality  evidently  was 
the  foremost  principle  in  their  way  of  living. 
Why  should  the  story  continually  dwell  on  the 
difference  of  size  and  voice  if  there  were  other 
and  greater  differences  ?  And,  lastly  :  the  mys- 
terious danger  of  the  adventurous  Little  Silver- 
hair is  half  taken  away  if  the  house  of  the 
Three  Bears  is  represented  as  a  perfectly  well- 
regulated  family  mansion.  I  hope  these  argu- 
ments prove  at  least  the  possibility  that  my 
impression  is  the  one  the  poet  wished  to  convey. 
Ren6  du  Bois-Reymom'. 


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THE     ATHENAEUM 


125 


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T  II  K     A  Til  KN^UM 


N    3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


WARD  &  DOWNEY'S  NEW  BOOKS. 

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SOME  FAIR  HIBERNIANS :   being 

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up  the  peasants'  calendar. 

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profit  in  the  admirable  guide  to  FINE  PRINTS 
which  Mr.  Frederick  Wedmore  has  written  for 
Mr.  Redway.  It  maps  out  the  ground  for  him 
who  would  go  forth  on  the  delightful  quest  of 
rare  and  beautiful  etchings,  line  engravings,  and 
mezzotints  ;  and  at  every  turn  it  gives  him  valuable 
hints  and  directions.  '  Take  money  in  thy  purse 
is  thought  by  some  to  be  the  chief  if  not  the  sole 
advice  needed  in  such  an  enterprise.  But  Mr. 
Wedmore  shows  us  how,  by  putting  knowledge 
and  taste  in  the  place  of  the  long  purse,  by  eschew- 
ing the  extravagant  rarities  only  millionaires  and 
museums  need  seek  after,  a  man  may,  at  a  com- 
paratively small  expenditure,  become  the  proud 
owner  of  a  collection  of  prints,  old  and  new,  which 
are  a  delight  and  an  art  education  to  look  at. 
Then  his  '  fad,'  even  if  it  be  but  a  fad,  has  the  re- 
commendation of  portability  ;  '  the  print-collector 
carries  a  museum  in  a  portfolio,  or  packs  away  a 
picture  gallery  neatly  within  the  compass  of  one 
solander  box.'  The  author  does  not  aim  at  any 
formal  completeness  in  his  survey  of  the  masters 
of  the  arts  of  line  engraving  and  etching  and  their 
characteristic  works.  Rather  he  shows  the  example 
as  well  as  gives  the  advice  of  pursuing  a  special 
line ;  his  criticisms,  commentaries,  and  selections 
have  the  '  personal '  touch  which  he  rightly  says 
should  belong  to  fine  prints  ;  and  he  does  not  con- 
ceal that  he  has  his  '  prepossessions.'  One  enjoys 
and  profits  by  the  volume  all  the  more  rather  than 
the  less  because  it  is  not  always  possible  to  agree 
with  its  praises  and  its  strictures.  At  the  end 
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print-collecting;  and — certainly  not  the  least 
attraction  of  the  work— a  charming  series  of  a 
dozen  examples  of  famous  or  typical  etchings  or 
engravings."— Scotsman,  January  14. 


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N°3613,  Jan.  23,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


127 


'HE 


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NEW  NOVEL  BY  E.  P.  BENSON,  Author  of  '  Dodo.' 

•J        H        B  BABE,  B.A.  : 

Being  the  Uneventful  History  of  a  Young  Gentleman  at 

Cambridge  University. 

Crown    8vo.   cloth    extra,  0s. 


Now  ready  at  all  Libraries  and  Booksellers'. 
MR.    ROBERT    W.    CHAMBERS'S    NEW    BOOK. 

THE       MAKER      OF      MOONS. 

Illustrated.    Crown  Svo.  cloth  extra,  6s. 

Xcw  Saturday-— "This  volume  of  short  stories  is  written  in  a  style 
which  has  the  rare  charm  of  novelty.  Into  most  of  the  tales  a  super- 
natural element  enters,  but  Mr.  Chambers  touches  the  mystical  with 
so  deft  a  band  that  they  appear  almost  credible  to  the  most  prosaic  of 
readers   ' 

Scotsman. — "A  vigorous  spirit,  as  well  as  a  delicate  art  and  a  bold 
imagination,  has  gone  to  the  making  of  these  tales." 

Daily  Telegraph. — "  We  cannot  for  the  moment  recall  to  mind  any 
latter-day  collection  of  short  tales  in  which  vivacious  fancy  and  subtle 
wit  are  so  happily  combined  with  constructive  dexterity  and  descrip- 
tive force Everybody  should  read  these  delightful  stories." 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

THE       RED      REPUBLIC. 

Crown  8 vo  cloth,  6s. 
Academy.— "  '  The  Red  Republic'  is  the  most  vivid  certainly,  and  I 
think  the  most  enthralling  narrative  of  the  evil  days  of  the  Commune 
which  any  romancist  has  given  us." 

THE   KING   AND   A  FEW    DUKES. 

Crown  8vo.  6s. 

Academy.— "The  fantastically  extravagant  narrative    proceeds  with 

un flagging   iene,  and  indeed    often  with    a  charming  suggestion    of 

delicate  style  " 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  24,  Bedford-street.  Strand,  W.C, ;  and  New  York. 

ACCIDENTS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

(TRAVELLING,  RIDING,  CYCLING.  HUNTING,  SHOOTING,  &c..\ 

EMPLOYERS'  LIABILITY  AND  WORKMEN'S 
ACCIDENTS, 


INSURED    AGAINST   BY   1HE 


CO. 


EAILWAY    PASSKNGEKS'   ASSURANCE 
Established  lf49. 
Capital  £1,000,100.  Claims  paid  £3.750  000. 

64,  COKNHILL,  LONDON.  A.  YIAN,  Secretary. 


T 


HE       SWAN       FOUNTAIN       PEN. 

Made  in  Three  Sizes. 
10s.  fW.,  ltfs.  r'tf.,  and  *5s.  each. 
Not  until  you  write  with  a  "  SWAN  "  will  you  realize 
its  inestimable  value.    Tbe  most  prolific  writers  of  to- 
day pronounce  it  as  a  perfect  Pen. 

A  Pen  as  nearly  perfect  as  inventive  skill  can  produce. 
We  only  require  your  bteel  pen  and  handwriting  to 
select  a  suitable  pen. 
Complete  Illustrated  (  atalogue  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
MAJilE,  TODD  &  BARD,  93,  Cheapside,  E.C  ;  96a.  Regent-street,  W.  > 
and  21,  High-street,  Kensington.  \V.,  London. 
And  3,  Exchange-street,  Manchester. 


B 


A  FEW  WORDS  ABOUT  THE 
L IC  KEN  S  D  E  RFE  R      TYPE-WRITER. 


It  is  NOT  a  reproduction  or  hash-up  of  any  existing 
machines  on  which  the  patents  have  run  out. 

It,  is  NOT  an  IMPROVEMENT  on  them. 

It  is  an  entirely  new  departure  in  Type-writer  mechanism. 
The  root  idea  in  its  construction  is  simplicity;  In  place  of 
2  to  3,0u0  parts  it  has  only  about  200.  As  a  result  of  this 
simplicity  we  have  a  machine  which  is 

PORTABLE  (weight  61b  ),  SPEEDY,  DURABLE, 
and  CHEAP. 

It  has  a  complete  Key-board,  with  84  Letters  and  Cha- 
racters.    It  is  fully  warranted,  and  yet  it  is  sold  for 

£7  10*.  NET  CASH. 


Send  for  Prospectus  and  Testimonials. 

BLICKENSDEKFER  TYPE-WRITER  CO., 

NEWCASTLE  ON-TYNE. 

rrHROAT  IRRITATION  and  COUGH.— Soreness 

JL  and  dryness,  tickling  and  Irritation,  inducing  cough  and  affecting 
the  voice.  For  these  symptoms  use  BPFS'S  GLYCERINE  JCJlliKS. 
In  contact  with  the  glands  at  the  moment  they  are  excited  by  the  act  of 
sucking,  the  glycerine  in  these  agreeable  confections  becomes  actively 
healing. 

"PPPS'S  GLYCERINE  JUJUBES. 

'THROAT   IRRITATION   and   COUGH.— KPPS'3 

L  GLYCERINE  JUJUBES  are  sold  in  Tins.  7j,f  and  1«.  IM., 
labelled  "James  Epps  &   Co.,  Limited,  Homuopathic   Chemists,    170, 

I'......,. fill.-      o„.l    AQ      -II .1..  .....It . .      T  ■  "r 


l*iccadilly,  and  48,  Threadneedle-street,  London." 

W    M.  &  GEO. 

COFFEE— 


L    A    W. 


SUGAR— 

T     E     A. 
10 (,  NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  W.C. 
INNEFORD'S      MAGNESIA. 

The  he«t  remedy  for 
ACIDITY  Of  the  STOMACH,  HF.AKTBVKN, 

11  K.\n.\(  HE,  OOUT, 

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D  I  N  N  E  F  O  It  D'S        MAGNESIA. 


1) 


128 THE     AT  II  ENJBUM X    x.l;.  Jan.  2:t,  '07 

MESSRS.  HUTCHINSON  &  CO.'  S  NEW  NOVELS. 

DH.  S.  R,  KEIGHTLEY'S  NEW  HISTORICAL  ROMANCE. 

The  LAST  RECRUIT  of  CLARE'S.    By  the  Author  of  '  The  Crimson  Sign,'  '  The  Cavaliers,'  &c. 

With  Illustrations  by  Paul  Dare.      In  cloth  gilt,  6*.  [Thti  day. 

NEW  NOVEL  BV  RICHARD  PRYCE. 

ELEMENTARY  JANE.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s.    By  the  Author  of  '  The  Burden  of  a  Woman,'  '  Miss 

Maxwell's  Affections,'  &c.  [Immediately. 

A  NEW  THREE- VOLUME  NOVEL  IN  CLEAR,  READABLE  TYPE. 

The  SCHOLAR  of  BYGATE.    By  Algernon  Gissing,  Author  of  'A  Moorland  Idyll,'  &c.  [//,■;% 

A  NEW  NOVEL  BY  A  NEW  WRITER. 

TATTERLEY.    By  Tom  Gallon.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s.  [January  to. 

VICTOR  CHERBULIEZ'S  NOVEL. 

WITH  FORTUNE  MADE.    Translated  by  M.  E.  Simkins.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s. 

"  It  would  be  well  for  English  readers  of  French  fiction  if  the  novels  of  Victor  Cherbuliez  were  as  well  known  in  England  as  are  those  of  M.  Zola." 

Daily  Mail. 
"  M.  Victor  Cherbuliez  is  one  of  the  most  brilliant  of  modern  French  writers  of  fiction,  and  his  novel  'With  Fortune  Made '  has  many  claims  to  be  trans- 
lated into  English.     For  one  thing,  there  are  several  English  and  American  characters  in  it;  and,  what  is  rarer  in  French  novels,  they  are  drawn  with  know- 
ledge and  without  prejudice,  although  not  without  humour.     Wrought  out  with  unfailing  wit  and  cleverness  and  knowledge  of  the  world  and  of  man.'' 

Scotsman. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  ADELINE  SERGEANT. 

The  IDOL  MAKER.    By  the  Author  of  '  Roger  Vanbrugh's  Wife,'  '  The  Mistress  of  Quest,'  &c.    In 

cloth  gilt,  6s. 

FREDERIC  BRETON'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

The  BLACK  MASS.    By  the  Author  of '  The  Trespasses  of  Two,'  '  A  Heroine  in  Homespun,' '  God 

Forsaken,'  &c.     In  cloth  gilt,  6s. 

" '  The  Black  Mass  '  is  another  proof  of  the  author's  versatility  and  power The  author  has  contrived  to  throw  into  the  scenes  the  true  glamour  of 

romance,  and  in  the  characters  there  is  true  insight  and  power." — Manchester  Courier. 

LADY  VIOLET  GREVILLE'S  NEW  NOVEL. 

The  HOME  for  FAILURES.    In  cloth  gilt,  3s.  6d. 

"  Lady  Greville's  best  novel  is  '  The  Home  for  Failures.'  It  is  admirable,  not  only  for  the  originality  of  the  idea  and  the  clear  and  spirited  character 
drawing  in  the  group  of  persons,  but  for  the  knowledge  of  people  and  things,  the  realism,  the  philosophy,  and  the  feelings  which  find  expression,  frequently 
of  an  epigrammatic  kind,  in  its  pages.     Everybody  in  the  story  is  real." —  World. 

A  NEW  NOVEL  BYr  DEREK  VANE. 

THREE  DAUGHTERS  of  NIGHT.    By  the  Author  of  '  The  Sin  and  the  Woman,'  &c.    In  cloth 

gilt,  3*.  6d.  [Kext  neck. 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  'A  DAUGHTER  OF  THE  KING'  AND  'THE  MAJESTY  OF  MAN.' 

IN  GOLDEN  SHACKLES.    By  Alien.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s.  [&«,»*  Edition  this  day. 

"  Is  a  charming  story.     Bell  Searell  and  her  brother  are  both  fine  characters." — Athenatum. 

A  NEW  NOVEL  BY  LUCAS  CLEEVE. 

The  WATER  FINDER.    In  cloth  gilt,  3s.  6d.  [/«— **¥ 

NEW  NOVEL  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  'PEG  THE  RAKE.' 

KITTY  the  RAG.     By  Rita.     In  cloth  gilt,  6s.     The  First  Edition  being  over-subscribed  on 

Publication,  a  SECOND  EDITION  is  NOW  READY'. 

NEW  ROMANCE  BY  A.  C.  GLYN. 

A  PEARL  of  the  REALM.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s.  [*»««.■,  /. 

A  SECOND  EDITION  IN  THE   PRESS. 

A  WELL  MEANING  WOMAN.    By  Clo  Graves.    In  cloth  gilt,  6s. 


London:  HUTCHINSON  &  CO.  Paternoster-row. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be   addressed  to  "The  Editor  "  —  Advertisements  and   Husiness   Letters  to  "The   Publisher" —at  the  Office,   Bream's-oulldings,  Chancery-lane,  B.C. 
Printed  by  Joan  Edward  Francis,  Athcna?um  Press,  Brcam's-bulldlngs,  Chancery-lane,  E.C. ;  and  Published  by  Job*  C.  Framcis  at  Bream  s-b»l  Id  inn,  Chancery-laM.  B.C. 
Agents  (or  Scotland,  Messrs.  Bell  &  Bradfute  and  Mr.  John  Menztes,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  January  23,  1897. 


THE   ATHENAEUM 

Sournaf  of  (ZEnglteD  anfcf  foreign  literature,  gctence,  t&e  #tne  &rt&  ;$lugtc  antr  tfyt  Iframa. 


No.  3614. 


SATURDAY,    JANUARY    30,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


ROYAL  SOCIETY  of  PAINTERS  in  WATER 
COLOITKS  —SPECIAL  FXHIBITION  of  Works  hy  lately 
Deceased  Members— Lord  Leighton,  P.R.A.,  A.  W.  Hunt,  A  D.  Fripp. 
G.  A.  Fripp  K  K  Johnson.  K.  Beavis,  and  George  Du  Maurier  NOW 
OPEN  for  Ten  Days  only.  10  to  6—5*,  Pall  Mall  East,  near  National 
Gallery.  SAMUEL  J.  HODSON,  R.W.S.,  Secretary. 

A  LADY,  with  some  Lilerary  experience,  well 
read,  good  Typist  and  Linguist,  seeks  SECRETARIAL  WORK 
for  some  hours  daily  References. — Miss  K.,  38,  Richmond-road,  West 
Kronipton. 

SKCRETAKYSHIP  or  CLERKSHIP  DESIRED 
by  LADY  who  has  held  similar  post  Five  years  as  High  School- 
mistress. University  education.  Mathematics.  Latin.  French.  German. 
Excellent  testimonials.— D.,  3,  Goldsmith-square,  Nottingham. 

TO  PUBLISHERS.— An  Oxford  Man,  of  wide 
experience  and  the  highest  literary  testimonials,  desires  to  READ 
for  a  PUBLISHER  —Address  X.  Y.  Z.,  care  of  Francis  &  Co. ,  Athcnccum 
Press  Breams-buildings,  EC. 

MR.  EDWARD  TURNER  (for  many  years 
Secretary  to  Messrs.  Burns  &  Oates,  Limited,  and  lately  Manager 
to  the  Scientific  Press.  Limited,  proprietors  of  the  Hospital.  &c.  )  is  now 
OPEN  to  an  ENGAGEMENT.  Thorough  knowledge  of  the  Publishing 
Trade  in  all  its  Branches.  No  objection  to  go  Abroad  Highest  refer- 
ences—Address care  of  W.  Mlller,  l,  Star-yard,  Carey-street,  W.U. 

WANTED,  a  GENTLEMAN  of  literary  ability 
to  become  PART  PROPRIETOR  and  EDITOR  of  a  High- 
Class  DAILY  NEWSPAPER  of  long  standing,  published  in  a  healthy 
Crown  Colony. 

Capital  would  be  required,  yielding  a  guaranteed  profit  on  invest- 
ment of  8  per  cent .  in  addition  to  salary. 

Only  Principals  dealt  with.— For  particulars  apply  A.  B  ,  care  of  Mr. 
Evison,  Law  Stationer,  116.  Chancery-lane,  EC. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  with  capital,  is  desirous  of 
PURCHASING  a  PARTNERSHIP  in  a  NEWSPAPER  or  PUB- 
LISHING BUSINESS  which  will  show  good  returns  on  the  investment. 
Only  Principals  (or  their  Solicitors)  treated  with.— Address  R.,  care  of 
Messrs.  Morton,  Cutler  &  Co  ,  Solicitors,  99,  Newgate-street,  EC. 

ryo    PHHLISHERS,    &c  —Well-known   FIRM    of 

-J  ADVERTISING  AGENTS  are  open  to  FARM  or  WORK  on 
COMMISSION  a  good  ADVERTISING  MEDIUM  with  large  circulation. 
— Address  Z  ,  Milton  &  Co  ,  New  Inn  Cham bers.Wych-street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  well-known  AUTHOR  to  give 
Advertiser  POSTAL  LESSONS  in  NOVEL-WRITING.  State 
terms.— Write  Amatlik,  Advertising  Offices,  10,  High  Ilolborn,  London, 
W.O. 

TO  AUTHORS,  NOVELISTS,  ESSAYISTS,  &c 
—YOUNG  BEGINNER  SEEKS  TUITION  in  LITERARY 
METHODS  and  Guidance  in  the  Formation  of  Style,  more  especially 
with  a  view  to  Short  Story  Writing  —State  terms  to  Z  ,  care  of  E.  J. 
Underbill,  122,  High-street,  St  John's  Wood.  N.W. 

BOYS'  STORIES.— Any  number  of  the  above 
required  ;  about  twenty  thousand  words  in  length  :  plenty  of 
dash  and  fun,  though  sound  in  tone  Payment  on  approval.  Declined 
MSS.  returned  —  Address  Boys'  Stories,  care  of  Hart's  Advertising 
Offices,  Maltravers  House,  Arundel-street.  Strand,  W.C. 

pIVIL   SERVICE  COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

VV  Examination —DRAUGHTSMAN  in  the  HYDROGRAPHICAL 
DEPARTMENT  of  the  ADMIRALTY  (17-25).  FEBRUARY  17  Expert- 
ness  in  Hydrographical  Chart  Drawing  essential.  The  date  specified  is 
the  latent  at  which  applications  can  he  received.  They  must  be  made 
on  forms  to  be  obtained,  with  particulars,  from  the  Secretary  Civil 
Service  Commission,  London,  S.W. 


I. 


OUGHBOROUGH    ENDOWED    SCHOOLS. 


GIRLS'  HIGH  SCHOOL. 

The  Governors  will  require,  after  the  Easter  Vacation,  a  HEAD 
MISTRESS  for  this  School 

The  emoluments  of  the  Head  Mistress  will  be  a  fixed  salary  of  100(.  a 
year  and  a  Capitation  FeeofSOs  per  head,  together  with  a  good  House, 
and  she  will  have  the  appointment  of  the  Assistant  Mistresses,  subject 
to  existing  engagements 

The  present  number  of  Scholars  is  110. 

Copies  of  the  Scheme,  price  tkl.  each,  may  be  obtained  from  the  under- 
signed. 

Candidates  are  requested  to  send  in  their  testimonials  not  later  than 
February  6  to  W.  EDWARD  WOOLLKY,  Receiver  and  Clerk 

Rectory  Place,  Loughborough.  Leicestershire. 
Jauuary  12,  1897. 

JJOLYWELL      COUNTY       SCHOOL. 

MISTRESS  WANTED. 

WANTED,  a  MISTHESS  for  the  HOLYWKLL  COUNTY  (INTER- 
MEDIATE  and  TECHNICAL)  SCHOOL  Commencing  salary  1201 
Preference  will  be  given  to  a  Graduate  In  Science —Applications, 
stating  age  qualifications,  and  experience  in  teaching,  to  lie  sent  to  the 
undersigned,  at  K4,  Grove-park,  Liverpool,  by  Saturday.  February  19 
proximo         S    K    MUSFRATT,  Chairman  of  the  Court  of  Governors. 

January  12.  1897 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill.  Staines  —The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  In  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies  About 
♦0  Students  will  be  admitted  in  September.  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department —For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  tho  College. 

I^REBO  VI  R      II  O  U  S  K      SCHOOL, 
1,  Trebovirroad,  South  Kensington,  N.W. 
Principal— Mrs.  W.  R.  COLE. 
8pecial  Conrscs  of  Lessons,  on  original  lines.  In  Freehand  Drawing 
Designing,  and  Brush  Work,  will  be  given  by  Mr    BDWIN  COOKE 
Also  Classes  for  Colour.  Cast  and  Figure  Drawing,  and  Sketching  from 
Nature,  by  Mr   ARTHUR  POORD  HUGHES 

TUESDAYS  and  THURSDAYS  throughout  tho  Term. 
'.•  The  PRESENT  TERM  COMMENCED  MONDAY,  January  18. 


QCHOOL    for   the    DAUGHTERS   of    GENTLE- 

U  MEN,  Granvilie  House,  Meads,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education. 
Highest  references.  Home  comforts  Large  grounds,  with  Croquet 
and  Tennis  Lawns  —For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Principal. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 
Principal— Miss  EMILY  PENROSE. 
LENT  TERM,  SESSION  1896-7. 
The  HALF-TERM  will  BEGIN  on  MONDAY,  February  22. 

LUCY  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRY' AT  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Writing  Fiction.  Journalism,  and  the  Drama. — Apply  to  Secretary,  26, 
Abercom-place,  N.W. 

I EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
J  can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs.  GABB1TAS, 
THRING  &  CO..  who,  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Boys  and  Girls,  and  successful  Tutors  in  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements— 36,  Sackville-street,  W. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  fa  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  (for  Hoys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad. — A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  R.  J.  Beevor,  M.A.,  8,  Lancaster-place, 
Strand,  London,  W.C. 

AFRRNCH  FAMILY,  Protestant,  residing  in 
England,  desires  the  CARE  of  a  WARD  of  COURT  or  ONE  or 
TWO  DAUGHTERS  of  GENTLEMEN  wishing  to  acquire  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  French  Language  —  Address  Comtesse  de  Saint- 
Allais,  Bramley  Hall,  Handswoith,  Yorkshire. 

MQ     TYPE-WRITTEN  with  care  and  precision 

-L*J-  kJ.  by  experienced  Typist,  and  returned  promptly,  from  10ef.  per 
1.000  words  Translations  made. — Literator,  3,  Rendlesham-road, 
London,  N.E 

TYPE-WRITING  OFFICE, 

-1  4,  FEATHERSTONE-BUILDINGS,  HOLBORN. 

Authors'  MSS.  per  1,000  words,  Is. ;  Legal  Documents.  &c,  72  words, 
l.Jd.  ;  Typing  from  Dictation,  per  hour.  2s  Translations  of  all  kinds 
undertaken.    Punctuality  and  neatness  guaranteed. 

H^YPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.    per  folio 

-L  of  72  words  References  to  Authors— Miss  Gladding,  23,  Lans- 
downe-gardens.  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

^TYPEWRITING.— 1.?.  per    1,000  words.      Large 

JL  quantities  by  arrangement  Examination  Questions  Reduplicated. 
Dramatic  Work  advised  upon  (and  arranged)  by  experienced  S.M. — 
Faucit  Darlison,  88,  Iverson-road,  West  Hampstead,  N.W. 

^TYPE-WRITING.— MSS.,   Scientific,   and  of  all 

-L  Descriptions.  Copied.  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care. 
Dictation  Rooms  (Shorthand  or  Type-writing).  Usual  terms.— Misses 
E.  B.  &  I.  Farran,  Hastings  House,  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  London 
{for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

SECRETARIAL    BUREAU.— Confidential    Secre- 
tary, Miss  PETHERBItlllGE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  staff  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 

fraphers.  and  Typist9.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters, 
.iterary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.  9.  Strand,  London.  Trained 
Btaff  of  Indexers.    Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 


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u  «?t't    hv  AUCTION    at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington- 

Memorial  Me  da  {^-^""^Rovalist  and  Parliamentary  Badges- W  ar 
Mcd^^nd^oraTifnp^cell^eou; i^"?^?^^ 

Cabinets,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Engravings,  Drau-ings,  and  Pictures,  the 
Property  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  HAlb  ES. 

MFSSRS  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
winWLL  or  AUCTION  at  their  House.  No.  13  .Wellington- 
will  SELL  oy  ail  iiu..       „  15   and  Following  Da> 

aHeo^cr^.y^|?  3^5^  l  .be^pVo^y1^ 


the  late  Mr  J    HUNKS,  oompr.sing  """lE^  £  MPrTand.  Wheatley.  T. 
Bartolonl,  A  Kauffman ^  l'»nbury •  Cosway    C    M0/'™.  r  j   Keynoids. 

Burke,  ««'Prcr-^"d,h>ur,nd I  other" -Wa?er"oTour  Drawings  by  D. 
sir  O.  Knefier.  ArmBeW.  ana  oibot       »«  other  Fro  crUCS, 


SirrGe'  Her. 

Cox.  Catterm.de    W  .Cr«Vshank    and  others^  Also ^»«  •      Pp  old 

SSSSSS  cSlK1."  l^n^ig^r^amedT-^rawings  by  Rowland- 
son,  WOtaU,  Cosway,  and  otlu-rs 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


The  valuable  Library  ofthelate  GEOHGESIIAXV,  Esq.,  C.C., 
and  Deputy  Lieutenant  for  the  County. 

MFSSRS    SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
n  «?t'i    bv  AUCTION    at  their  House.  No    IS.  Wellington- 
«  "nH    \v  c\t  onler  oi  the  Kxrcutors).  on  FRIDAY.  Febru- 
street.  Strand.  WC  (by  orocr     •  precisely,    the    valuable 

n„    19,    and    lolloping    Day     at    1    »««    g  £      ^ 

LIBRARY  ol  the  '^O^^'^i',,"  First  Editions  ol  the  writings 
Buskin     Surtecs.    Thackeray.    &c. -an    e^nsivepencs  f 

Uluirtraied  by  Beoiw  O^^ib^^^S^wtSi Periodicals 
„  i,„  1.  onlv  llJM^»^^n.haS^Stor^l)OrtlnS-nSaB  Society's 
J^^^l^^^St^^SSSSi  Works  in  most 
Classes  ol  Literature 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


131 


Valuable  Boohs  and  Manuscripts,  including  a  Portion  of  the 
Library  of  Sir  CHARLES  STEWART  FORBES,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
Btreet,  Strand.  WC,  on  MONDAY.  February  22,  and  Four  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  Valuable  PRINTED  BOOKS  and  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, being  a  Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  CHARLES  STEWART 
FORBES.  Bart.,  comprising:  Works  in  most  Classes  of  Literature, 
including  Darnell's  Picturesque  Voyage  round  Great  Britain— Galerie 
du  Palais  Pitti— Gould's  Himalayan  Birds— Manning  and  Bray's  History 
of  Surrey— Rubens  et  Vandyck,  Oiuvres;  fine  LIBRARY  BOOKS  in 
Handsome  Bindings,  the  Property  of  the  la'e  Sir  THOMAS  W. 
McMAHON,  Bart.  ;  a  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  H  C  HART, 
Esq..  containing  Modern  Standard  Works  and  others,  including  Scrope's 
Salmon  Fishing.  First  Edition— Heures  a  Luisage  de  Rome,  printed  on 
Vellum— Home  — French  Manuscripts  of  the  Fifteenth  Century;  the 
FIRST  FIVE  EDITIONS  of  WALTON'S  COMPLEAT  ANGLER,  165:1 
to  1676,  and  other  Early  Editions,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  in 
Norfolk  ;  also  other  Properties,  consisting  of  County  Histories,  including 
Blomefield's  Norfolk  —  Hasted's  Kent  —  Atkyns's  GloucesterPhire  — 
Nichols's  Leicestershire— Piranesi  Opere,  17  vols. — Rare  Works  relating 
to  America— Early  BiDles  and  Fifteenth  Century  Printed  Books— Early 
English  Literature-  Robert  Burns's  Poems,  First  Edition,  Kilmarnock, 
1786,  and  Original  MS  Letters  by  the  Poet— and  other  Autographs— 
Kartolomei  de  li  Sonneti,  1480— Blake's  Songs  of  Innocence— a  Horn- 
Book,  temp  James  I — Chap-Books— Original  Letters  by  J  Ruskin— a 
number  of  Horae  on  Vellum— Gradualead  Usum  Ecclesia'Sarisburiensis. 
1562,  magnificent  copy— Florio's  Montaigne,  1603— fine  Specimens  of 
Early  Bookbinding— Dramatic  Portraits— Sporting  Prints— and  Illus- 
trated Books— and  Works  on  Bibliography— Travels— Cruikshankiana— 
Rare  French  Rooks— and  Works  in  nearly  every  Class  of  Literature. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.  Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on 
receipt  of  four  stamps. 

FRIDAY  NEXT.— Scientific  Instruments,  Sfc. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King -street,  Covent- garden,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  Februarv  5.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely  400  LOTS 
of  MISCELLANEOUS  PROPERTY',  including  Surgical  and  Scientific 
Instruments— a  J  h  -p.  Double  Cylinder  Oil  Engine  by  Seal,  quite 
new— Photographic  Apparatus— Lanterns  and  Slides,  &c. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 

Miscellaneous  Books,  Selection  from  a  Reviewer's  Library,  $c 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms.  115,  Chancery-lane,  WC,  on  WEDNESDAY 
February  3.  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock,  MISCELLANEOUS 
BOOKS,  including  Hogarth's  Works,  by  Heath-Shaw's  Dresses,  2  vols. 
Large  Paper— Gentleman's  Magazine,  116  vols —Annual  Register  58 
vols .—  Cornhill  and  Macmillan  s  Magazines,  100  vols —Oxford  Historical 
Society  Publications,  29  vols  —Holbein  Society,  11  vols  —Astronomical 
Society,  186!)-8S)-Chemlcal  Society  and  Chemical  News,  1801-96-Howell's 
State  Trials,  34  vols —The  Jurist.  45  vols— Helps's  Spanish  Conquest, 
4  vols  —  Leland's  Itinerary,  <J  vols  —Badminton  Library,  9  vols  Large 
Paper— Jesse's  Memorials  of  London,  2  vols.— Motley's  Dutch  Republic 
&c  ,  7  vols  — Kaye's  Sepoy  War.  8  vols  — Poe's  Works,  6  vols  —  Saints- 
bury's  Heptameron,  5  vols— Boccaccio's  Decameron,  2  vols  ,  Large 
Paper— Ranke's  Popes,  3  vols  ,  &c 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

WILLIS'S  ROOMS,  KING-STREET,  ST.  JAMES'S-SQUARE,  S  W. 
By  direction  of  the  Executrix  of  the  late  WALTER  BLOTT,  Esq.— 
Decorative  Furniture  of  the  Empire  Period,  Old  Italian  Cabinets 
and  Caskets,  Tables,  Chairs,  Old  Oriental  China,  Clocks,  Bronzes, 
Mirrors,  a  Collection  of  Pictures  by  the  Old  Masters,  Engravings, 
Books.  4c,  removed  from  the  residence  for  convenience  of  Sale 

MESSRS.  ROBINSON  &  FISHER  are  favoured 
with  instructions  to  SELL,  at  their  Rooms,  as  above  on  WED- 
NESDAY, February  3,  and  Two  Following  Dajs,  at  1  o'clock  precisely 
each  Day,  the  above  valuable  DECORATIVE  PROPERTY  including 
beautiful  old  Empire  Furniture— Tables— Clocks— Bronzes— Sofa— old 
Italian  Casket  inlaid  with  Rock  Crystal— Satin«ood  and  Mahogany 
Chairs— old  English  Mirrors  in  gilt  frames— several  important  Italian 
Cabinets— rare  old  Blue  and  White  Nankin  China— Marble  Busts  &c 
also  a  valuable  Collection  of  Pictures  by  the  Old  Masters  Drawings' 
Engravings,  and  Library  of  Books,  including  many  on  the  Fine  Arts 

May  be  viewed  the  Saturday  and  two  days  prior,  and  Catalogues  had 
of  Messrs  Cauii  &  Martin,  Solicitors,  11  and  12,  Great  Tower-street, 
E.C.  ;  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  at  their  Offices,  as  above. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  >King-street,  St.  James's- 
square.  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  : — 

On  MONDAY,  Februarv  1,  the  COLLECTION  of 

ARMOUR  and  ARMS  of  Herr  ZSCHILLE. 

On    TUESDAY,    February   2,    ORIENTAL    OB- 

JECTS  of  ART,  PORCELAIN,  and  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  from 
numerous  Private  Sources. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  3,  a  COLLECTION 

of  OLD  PORCELAIN,  DECORATIVE  OBJECTS,  and  FURNITURE. 

On    FRIDAY,    February    5,    COLLECTION    of 

DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On   SATURDAY,    February  6,  the  late  BARON 

,,,).E.M'J,!SCHS  COLLECTION  of  TICTURES  from  Bath  House:  and 
PIC1URES  by  OLD  MASTERS,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN 

On    MONDAY,    February  8,   OLD    SPORTING 

PRINTS  and  PIC  I'URES,  the  Property  of  Sir  WALTER  GILBEY,  Bart. 

On    TUESDAY,    February    9,    OLD    ENGLISH 

SILVER,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  ;  and  SILVER  PLATE  the 
Property  of  U    li    ADDERLEY,  Esq.  % 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  10,  the  LIBRARY 

of  Admiral  Sir  ROBERT  FITZKOY,  K.C.B.,  deceased,  late  of  Parnham 
Beaminster. 

On   THURSDAY,    February   11,    and    Following 

Day.  the  FIRST  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART 
and  VERTU  of  thn  late  J.  ROWCLIIFE,  Esq  ,  of  Burnley. 

On  SATURDAY,   Februarv  13,  PICTURES  and 

J.>K,A^.IN0S  °'  the  EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL  of  T.  M  WHITE. 
HOUSE,  EBq. 

PENRITH. 

By  order  of  the  Representatives  of  the  late  W.  B. 

ARNISON,  Esq. 

AT    DEROME  &  SON   respecfully  announce  the 

TiSSS  receipt  of  instructions  to  remove  to  the  QEOUGE  HOTEL 
ASSEMBLY  ROOM.  I'EMtllll.  and  therein  SELL  by  AUCTION,  OB 
FRIDAY,  Icbruary  12  commencing  at  1  o'clock  in  the  Afternoon  pre- 
cisely, the  valuable  and  interesting  LIBRARY  of  Hooks  extending  to 
upwards  of  1,200  Volumes,  including  many  Scarce  and  Hare  ArchleO- 
logieal  MOV Topographical  Works -County  Histories  First  Edition!  of 
Dickens  and  I  haekeray— Edition  de  Luxe  of  I'haekerav's  Works -Poetry 
the  Drama,  and  Flctlon-Historv  and  Biography— Folk  lore  and  Anti- 
quarian Publications-Transactions  of  Learned  Socletics-and  other 
Works  many  of  which  are  sumptuously  Bound  in  Costly  Materials 
The  whole  forms  the  Library  of  the  late  W  B  ARNISON  Esq  of 
Beaumont.  Penrith,  who  was  one  of  the  Founders,  and  for  many  years  a 

Sromincnt  Member,  of  the  Cumberland  and  Westmorland  Archaeological 
oclety,  and  will  be  on  view  on  morning  of  rale  from  10  I  m 
Catalogues  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  obtained  gratis  and  post  free 
on  application  to  the  Aucnomnu. 
The  Kendal  Auction  and  Agency  Offices  f  Established  1854) 
January  27,  1897. 


BLACKWOOD'S  MAGAZINE. 

No.  976.     FEBRUARY,  1897.    2s.  6d. 
TO  the  QUEEN  :  a  New  Y'ear  Greeting. 

SOME   IMPRESSIONS  of  SOUTHERN   CALIFORNIA.     By  Beatrice 
Harraden. 

The  CELTIC  RENASCENCE.    By  Andrew  Lang. 

DARIEL  :  a  Romance  of  Surrey.    By  R.  D.  Blackmore.    Chaps.  16-20. 

The  INDIAN  MUTINY  in  FICTION. 

RAB  VINCH'S  WIFE.    By  Zack. 

FRANKLIN  and  the  ARCTIC. 

MONARCH  or  MONK?  a  Legend  of  Tomsk.    By  J.  Y.  Simpson. 

The  ALL-BRITISH  TRANS-PACIFIC  CABLE. 

The  CHINESE  OYSTER.    By  A.  Michie. 

FORTY-ONE  YEARS  in  INDIA. 

William  Blackwood  4  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London. 

Monthly,  price  Haifa-Crown. 

THE      CONTEMPORARY      REVIEW. 


Contents  for  FEBRUARY. 
RUSSIA  and  ENGLAND:  "Down  the  Long  Avenue."    With  Map  of 

the  New  Manchurian  Railways.    By  Henry  Norman. 
SECRET  HISTORY  of  the  RUSSO-CHINESE  TREATY. 
COVENTRY  PATMORE  :  a  Portrait.    By  Edmund  Gosse. 
POOR  LAW  CHILDREN.    By  E.  S.  Lidgett. 
1REN.SUS  on  the  FOURTH  GOSPEL.    By  Professor  Gwatkin. 
LORD  ROSEBERY.    By  Norman  Hapgood. 
The  WATER  SUPPLY  of  LONDON.    By  W.  H.  Dickinson. 
ELEMENTARY  EDUCATION  and  TAXATION.    By  Francis  Peek. 
SHALL  WE  INVITE  the  RUSSIANS  to  CONSTANTINOPLE?     By 

Sir  R.  K.  Wilson,  Bart. 

RELIGIOUS  STATISTICS  of  ENGLAND  and  WALES.     By  Howard 
Evans. 

The  MUSULMANS  of  INDIA  and  the  SULTAN.    By  Canon  MaeColl. 

MONEY  and  INVESTMENTS. 

London :  Isbister  4  Co.,  Limited,  Covent  garden,  WC. 

THE      NINETEENTH      CENTURY. 

-*-  No  240.     FEBRUARY',  1897. 

URGENT  QUESTIONS   for  the   COUNCIL  of  DEFENCE.    By  Capt 

Lord  Charles  Beresford. 
The  PLAGUE.    By  Dr.  Montagu  Lubbock. 

The  ELIZABETHAN  RELIGION  (in  correction  of  Mr.  George  Russell) 
By  J.  Horace  Round. 

The  LONDON  UNIVERSITY  PROBLEM.    By  Sir  Joshua  Fitch,  LL.D. 

The  TRUE  NATURE  of  '  FALSETTO.'    By  E  Davidson  Palmer. 

LAW  and  the  LAUNDRY:— 

1.  Commercial    Laundries.      By    Mrs.    Bernard    Bosanquet,    Mrs 

Creighton,  and  Mrs  Sidney  Webb 

2.  Laundries  in  Religious  Houses      By  Lady  Frederick  Cavendish. 
TIMBER  CREEPING  in  the  CARPATHIANS.    By  E.  N.  Buxton. 
RECENT  SCIENCE.    By  Prince  Kropotkin. 

LIFp  k"  P0ETKY:   Poetical  Expression.     By  Professor  Courthope, 

SKETCHES  MADE  in  GERMANY.    No.  3.    By  Mrs.  BIyth. 

GIBBON'S  LIFE  and  LETTERS.     By  Herbert  Paul. 

INDIVIDUALISTS  and  SOCIALISTS.    By  the  Hon.  and  Very  Rev 
the  Dean  of  Ripon. 

NURSES  a  la  MODE  :   a  Reply  to  Lady  Priestlev.    By  Mrs.  Bedford 
Fenwick  (formerly  Matron  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital). 

NOTE    on    the     DECLARATION    of    PARIS.      By    Thomas    Gibson 
Bowles,  M.P. 

London  :  Sampson  Low,  Marston  4  Co.,  Ltd. 


c 


THE      FORTNIGHTLY     REVIEW 
Edited  by  W.  L    COURTNEY", 
for  FEBRUARY, 
Contains  the  following  Articles  :— 
Professor  MAX  MULLER  — How  to  Work. 
Professor  SULLY.— The  Child  in  recent  English  Literature. 
Lord  MONKSWELL— Reformatory  and  Industrial  Schools. 
W.  S.  LILLY'.— The  Mission  of  Tennyson. 
GRANT  ALLEN  —Spencer  and  Darwin. 
H.  G.  WELLS.— Morals  and  Civilization. 

Sir  GEORGE  BADEN-POWELL,  K.C.M.G.  M.P.-The  Doom  of  Cane 
fcugar. 

Besides  other  Papers  on 
The  POLITICAL  SITUATION-The  NEW  IRISH  MOVEMENT-The 
HANDWRITING  on  the  WALL-An  "ENTENTE  "  with  FRANCE,  &c. 

HAPMAN'S  MAGAZINE, 

Edited  by  OSWALD  CRAWFURD, 

For  FEBRUARY'. 

Contains  the  continuation  of 

AN         ARABIAN         BIRD, 

By  Mrs.  ANDREW  DEAN, 

AND 

A  Complete  Romance  entitled 

CAPTAIN         KIDS         MILLIONS, 

By  ALAN  OSCAR. 

Chapman  &  Hall,  Limited,  London. 

FIRST  PART  OF  A  NEW  VOLUME. 

NOW  READY",  price  8rf. 

HAMBERS'S    JOURNAL    for   FEBRUARY. 

Articles  on 

The  COMING  REVIVAL  of  SOUTH  AMERICA. 
INSIDE  a  BETTING  CLUB. 
WHAT  arc  FULGURITES? 
A  REVOLUTION  in  PRINTING. 

CHAMBERS'S  JOURNAL  for  FEBRUARY. 

CORDITE 

FRUITS  of  PARADISE 

IN  the  SHADOW  of  the  SPHINX. 

LUMBERING  in  CANAH\ 

LATEST  INVENTIONS,  and 

The  MONTH     science  and  Alt  I  B, 

CHAMBERS'S  JOURNAL  for  FEBRUARY. 

Serial  Story  by 
E.  W.  HORNING. 

Complete  Short  Stories  by 
GUY  BOOTH  HY  and  other  well-known  writers. 

W    &  R.   Chambers,   Limited,    47,   Paternoster -row,    London,   and 
Edinburgh. 


C 


THE 

APOCALYPSE 

OF  BARUCH. 

TRANSLATED  FROM  THE  SYRIAC. 

BY 

The  Rev.  R.  H.  CHARLES, 

Author  of  <  The  Book  of  Enoch,'  &c. 
Crown    8vo.    cloth,    price     7s.    6d.    net. 

"  Mr.  Charles's  last  work  will  have  a 
hearty  welcome  from  students  of  Syriac 
whose  interest  is  linguistic,  and  from 
theological  students  who  have  learned 
the  value  of  Jewish  and  Christian  pseud- 
epigrapha ;  and  the  educated  general 
reader  will  find  much  of  high  interest  in 
it,  regard  being  had  to  its  date  and  its 
theological  standpoint." — Record. 

"  Mr.  Charles  has  in  this  work  followed 
up  the  admirable  editions  of  other  pieces 
of  Apocalyptic  literature  with  an  edition 
equally  admirable.  Some  of  the  notes 
on  theological  or  other  points  of  special 
interest  are  very  full  and  instructive. 
The  whole  work  is  an  honour  to  English 
scholarship.  .  .  .  The  work  before  us 
is  one  that  no  future  student  of  the 
Apocalyptic  literature  will  be  able  to 
neglect,  and  students  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment or  the  contemporary  Jewish  thought 
will  find  much  to  interest  them  in  it." 

Primitive  Methodist  Quarterly  Review. 

"Mr.  Charles's  name  on  the  title-page 
of  a  book  has  come  to  be  recognized  as  a 
hall-mark  which  guarantees  ripe  scholar- 
ship and  keen  critical  acumen  between 
the  covers.  Mr.  Charles  has  condensed 
into  his  notes  a  wealth  of  information  as 
to  the  current  Jewish  doctrines  on  such 
subjects,  e.  (j.,  as  inherited  sin  and 
immortality.  It  need  hardly  be  said 
that  these  are  of  the  highest  value,  so  far 
as  they  indicate  what  religious  axioms 
and  postulates  underlay  the  minds  of  the 
Apostles  and  their  hearers." 

British  Weekly. 

"  To  say  that  this  is  the  edition  of  the 
Apocalypse  of  Baruch  is  to  say  nothing. 
Let  us  say  that  it  is  an  edition  which 
alone  would  give  an  editor  a  name  to 
Live."-  -Expository  Ti  mes. 

"It  is  a  book  that  should  be  mastered 
by  every  student  of  the  New  Testament." 
Westm  luster  Review. 


A.  k  C.  BLACK,  Soho-squaro,  Loudon. 


132 


Til  E     ATIIEN7EUM 


N  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


Price 

3s.  6d. 

per  Volume. 


THE  FOREMOST  PLACE,  in  spite  of  numy 

imitators,  has  been  clservcdhj  held  by  the  ALBION 
POETS,  and  the  irresent  reissue,  ivith  still  further 
features  of  attraction,  must  maintain  for  them  and 
increase  the  unrivalled  popularity  they  have  enjoyed 
as  the  most  complete  Editions  at  the  price. 


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THE    ALBION     POETS. 


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THE  ENTIRE  SERIES  OF  20  VOLUMES  IS  NOW  READY  FOR  DELIVERY, 

AND    INCLUDES    THE    FOLLOWING    POETS:- 


Shakspeare.    1152  pages. 

Byron.     736  pages. 
Longfellow.     638  pages. 
Scott.     With  Notes,  &c.     766  pages. 
Milton.       With    Explanatory   Notes, 

&c.     607  pages. 

Wordsworth.    With  Life,  Appendix, 

&c.     672  pages. 

Gems  of  National  Poetry.  1,000 

Selections.     533  pages. 

Robert  Burns.     With  Explanatory 

Notes.     640  pages. 

Shelley.       With     Life     and    Notes. 

640  pages. 

The   Ingoldsby  Legends.     By 

R.    H.     BARHAM.     With    Life     and    Illustrations. 
520  pages. 


Dante.  Hell,  Purgatory,  and  Para- 
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134 


t  ii  k    a  t  ii  KX/i:  r  m 


N°361  1.  Jaw. 


30,  ' 


97 


WORKS  BY 

WALTER  SWEETMAN,  B.A. 


"THE     PHILOSOPHY 
COMMON  SENSE 


OF 


may  be  perhaps  condensed  into  the  two  propositions 
that  to  love  God  is  to  love  all  perfection  as  the 
human  soul  has  been  created  to  recognize  perfec- 
tion, and  that  to  love  perfection  in  so  far  as  it  has 
been  given  to  each  soul  to  recognize   perfection, 
is  to  love  God.     It   suggests  that   the   best   parts 
of  the  systems  of  Plato  and    Buddha   harmonize 
with    Christianity,    and    affirms    that    the    latter 
teaches  us  that  God  judges  with  his  eternal  judg- 
ment all  men  equally  by  their  own  consciences. 
It  would  prove  the  truth  of  Christianity  by  showing 
that  it  shares  with  Materialism  alone  the  power  of 
giving  reasonable  explanations  of  the  distribution  of 
pain  through  the  world,  and  that  Materialism  can 
be  proved  to  be  unsound  ;  and  again  by  pointing  out 
how  the  two  great  «  priori  arguments,  that  self- 
sacrifice  is  a  part  of  perfection,  and  that  if  God  came 
on  earth  but  once  to  teach  us  it  must  be  part  of  His 
own  perfection  to  have  left  a  firm  guardian  of  that 
teaching,  are  borne  out  by  the  a  posteriori  reason- 
ings that  tend  to  establish  that  Christ  was  God, 
and  that    He  did  die   for  men,  and  did  leave  a 
Church   founded  on  the  Apostle  whose  name  was 
chaDged.     It  suggests  again  that  it  is  a  quite  con- 
ceivable hypothesis  that  the  external  world  is  but 
the  framework  given  to  the  human  will  by  Him  "  in 
whom  we  live  and  move  and  have  our  being,"  and 
existing  only  in  the  sensations  of  immortal  spirits, 
while  it  is  quite  inconceivable  to  us  how  the  in- 
stincts that  supply  bees  with  their  sex-conferring 
jellies,  and  spiders  with  their  wonderful  adaptations 
of  web-making,  can  be  contained,  on  materialistic 
or  any  atomic  principles,  in  the  reproductive  cells 
or  their  eggs.   Finally,  by  the  plain  facts  that  faith 
is  a  supernatural  gift  of  God,  and  that  no  Christian 
can  prove  more  than  a  probability  for  his  religion, 
it  at  once  explains  how  the  mere  love  of  (eternal) 
pleasure  and  dread  of  pain  are  not,  intended  to  do 
the  full  work  of  loyal  trust,  and  the  love  of  truth 
and  goodness  for  their  own  sakes,  and  takes  away 
all  excuse  for  forming  those  uncharitable  opinions 
of  the  consciences  of  others  that  have   so   sadly 
disfigured  historical  Christianity. 


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MACMILLAN'S     MAGAZINE. 


No.  448.     FEBRUAKY. 
Contents. 

1.  The  SECRET  of  SAINT  FLOREL.    Chaps.  31-33. 

(Conclusion.) 

2.  FROM  FAR  CATHAY. 

3.  LITERATURE  and  MUSIC. 

4.  POLITICAL  PARTIES  in  AMERICA. 


Price  Is. 

6.  The  TWO  PRIESTS  of  KONNOTO. 

6.  VANISHING  PARIS. 

7.  The  FLYING  BISHOPS. 

8.  An  EPOCH  on  RUMBLING  CREEK. 

9.  The  COLDSTREAM  GUARDS. 


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Til  E     A  Til  KN  /Ki:  M 


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auttioi  ,.f    tin-  Philosophical  null  <>t  Theism, 

tlon  of  (ii»«l  '    lYOlf  postSvo 
V  in  thi<  work  Professor  Karris  develop.  -  Ipls  that  the 

Ids*,  of  Ood  Is  not  attained  )>>  mere  sobjectlre  tblnkiojr,  but  thai  <»od 
i.  known  through  His  union  revaaUng  Himself  In  tin:  eonstltatlon 
and  evolution  of  the  universe,  and  in  the  eonstltatlon  aim  history  ol 
nan  IsaolBg  in  Christ*  sad  in  the  Holy  spirit  bringtiig  giaaou-*  DtvtM 
influence  on  men 

Suuittt'ii'j  <>t  Conttntl  — Fait  I  God  the  one  only  Absolute  Spirit. 
ll  Ood  the  Creator— The  Creation  Ood's  Chief  Bnd  In  Creation  in 
Ood  the  I.ord  of  ull  In  Providential  Government  IV  God  the  Lord  of 
all  in  Moral  Government 

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pleasure  hi*  treatment  of  the  leading  characteristics  of  the  Gospel. 
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RECENTLY   DISCOVERED    MANU- 

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JOHN,     lteingan  Additional  Volume  to  the  "Ante-Nicene  Christian 

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these  rin i.N  made  nothing  short   of  a  sensation  when  they  came;  but 

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many  works  as  they  appeared  will  grudge  the  labour  now     For  this  is 

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COMING,  and  their  FULFILMENT.  By  Dr  P.  SCHWARTZKOPFF, 

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Rev.  NEILBUCHAMaN  (Translator of  Beyschlags  'New Testament 

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LIFE  after  DEATH,  and  the  FUTURE 

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The  RIGHT  of  SYSTEMATIC  THEO- 

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The  TEACHING  of  JESUS.    By  Prof. 

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21s. 

"  A  brilliant  and  satisfactory  exposition  of  the  teaching  of  Christ 

No  greater  contribution  to  the  study  of  Biblical  theology  has  been  niac- 
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NEW     TESTAMENT     THEOLOGY ; 

or.  Historic*]  Account  ol  the  leaching  of  Jesus  and  of  Primitive 
Christianity  according  to  the  Now  Testament  Sources  By  Prof 
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NEW  CATALOGUE  TREE  ON  APPLICATION. 


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BOOK   SALES  of  the  YEAR   1896. 

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N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


139 


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N   361  1,  Jah.  30,  ':•: 


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3.  The  LITTLE  NUN. 

4.  SWALEDALE. 

5.  The  INEXPLICABLE  EPIDEMIC. 

6.  The  DOME  and  its  WANDERINGS. 

7.  A  DEACON  of  SAN  FILIPPO. 

8.  A  HURRICANE  in  MAURITIUS. 

9.  GOLDSMITH'S  COUNTRY. 

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LONGMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

No.  17->.     FEBRUARY,  1S97.    Svo.  6d. 

The  CHEVALIER  D'AURIAC.    Chaps.  4-.S.    By  S.  Levett 
*>    its,  Author  of  'The  Honour  of  Savelli.' 

NORTHUMBRIAN    RUSTICS.     By  P.  Anderson  Graham, 
Author  of  '  The  Red  Scaur.' 

WAITH  and  WRACK.    By  Duncan  J.  Robertson. 

PAGES    from   the   DIARY  of   PARSON   PARLETT.     By 
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ARCHBISHOP  MAGEE  of  YORK.    By  A.  K.  H.  B. 

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N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


141 


SATURDAY,   JANUARY  SO,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

Mr.  Lang's  Pickle  the  Spy         

Ten  Brink's  History  of  English  Litkraturk 

An  Early  Chinese  Traveller  on  Indian  Buddhism 

The  Tudor  Translations— Don  Quixote       

A  New  School  History  of  Rome  ^    ••• 

New  Novels  (Le  Selve ;  A  Golden  Autumn;  Kitty 
the  Rag;  Two  Cousins  and  a  Castle;  A  Doubtful 
Loss) Ub 

Bgoks  of  Travel         

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books      ...      148 

The  Thackerays  in  India;  Prof.  Masperos 
•Strugglk  of  the  Nations';  'This  Romance 
of  a  King's  Life';  John  Lamb's  'Poetical 
Pieces'         149 

Literary  Gossip  

Science  — Bedell  on  the  Transformer;  Astro- 
nomical Notes -,  Mr.  Horatio  Hale;  Societies  ; 
Meetings      152 

Fine  Arts -The  Castles  of  England;  The  Society 
of  Painters  in  Water  Colours;  Mr.  Charles 
Parsons  Knight;  Gossip         15* 

Music— The  Week;  Gossip;  Performances  Next 
Week 157 

Drama— Recent  Plays  ;  Gossip 


141 

142 
142 
143 
144 


-146 
146 
-149 


-150 
151 


-154 


-159 


-153 
158 


LITERATURE 


Pickle  the  Spy.     By  Andrew  Lang.     (Long- 
mans &  Co.) 

"You  know  that  your  cousin  Duncan,  the 
late  Glengarry,  succeeded  his  uncle  Alexander, 
one  of  the  best  men  in  the  Highlands  in  his  day, 
possessing  eminently  all  the  virtues  of  a  Cean 
Cuine,  whose  hospitable  mansion  was  ever  open, 
as  his  assistance  to  distress  was  ever  ready. 
But,  alas  !  like  too  many  of  our  clan,  he  was 
cut  off  in  the  prime  of  life,  to  the  great  grief  of 
his  family,  and  while  he  was  busy  in  promoting 
the  happiness  of  his  people,  as  his  worthy 
ancestor,  Lord  Macdonald  of  Aras,  had  done 
before  him." 

We  quote  from  a  scarce  work,  unknown 
apparently  to  Mr.  Lang,  '  A  Family  Memoir 
of  the  Macdonalds  of  Keppoch,'  by  Angus 
Macdonald,  M.D.  (1752-1825),  of  Taunton, 
written  from  1800  to  1820  for  his  niece,  Mrs. 
Stanley  Constable,  and  edited  by  Clements 
B.  Markham,  C.B.  ;  with  some  notes  by 
the  late  Charles  Edward  Stuart,  Comte 
d'Albanie  (London,  150  copies,  1885).  The 
"cousin  Duncan"  of  the  quotation  was 
father  to  Scott's  friend  Alastair  Macdonell, 
the  prototype  of  "Fergus  Mac-Ivor";  and 
"his  uncle  Alexander,  one  of  the  best  men 
in  the  Highlands  in  his  day,"  was— Mr. 
Lang's  Pickle  the  Spy. 

Alastair  Euadh  Macdonell  was  the  eldest 
of  the  four  sons  of  Ian  or  John  Macdonell, 
twelfth  of  Glengarry,  and  the  grandson  of 
Alastair  Dubh,  Black  Alister,  whoso  mighty 
two-handed  sword  mowed  down  two  red- 
coats with  every  stroke  at  Killiecrankie, 
and  who  fought,  too,  at  Sheriff  muir.  Young 
Alastair  had  already  held  a  captain's  com- 
mission in  the  French  Scots  brigade 
when  in  May,  1745,  he  sailed  from 
Port  Glasgow  to  France  with  "a  pacquet 
subscrib'd  by  several  of  the  Highland 
chiefs,  and  desiring  the  Prince  not  to  make 
an  attempt  at  that  time  without  foreign 
assistance."  His  father,  four  months  before, 
had  disponed  his  lands  to  him,  and,  whilst 
lamenting  to  Duncan  Forbes  "  tho  folly  of 
his  friends,"  sent  out  three  hundred  of  the 
clan  under  his  second  son  /Eneas  (1720- 
1746),  who,  shot  accidentally  at  Falkirk,  was 
buried  by  Prince  Charles  Edward  in  the 
grave  of  Sir  John  the  Graeme,  "  Valluo 
hdus    Achates "  —  the    trusty    Achates    of 


Wallace.  Alastair  mean  time,  while  con- 
veying troops  from  France  to  Scotland,  was 
captured  on  the  high  seas,  and  imprisoned 
in  the  Tower  for  twenty-two  months.  Re- 
leased in  July,  1749,  he  returned  to  Paris, 
and  thence  wrote  to  "James  III."  and  the 
Cardinal  Duke  of  York,  protesting  loyalty 
and  craving  "  suitable  encouragement."  He 
was  in  London  again  in  1749  and  1751  ;  in 
Eome  in  1750,  when  he  had  audience  with 
"his  Majesty";  and  in  1752  both^  in 
London  and  in  Edinburgh,  when  he  "  did" 
Bishop  Forbes  "the  honour  to  dine  with" 
him  at  Leith.  He  was  once  so  hard  up 
that  he  had  to  sell  sword  and  shoe-buckles, 
but  at  other  times  he  seems  to  have  been 
in  funds;  and  his  father  dying  Septem- 
ber 1st,  1754,  he  straightway  came  north 
and  succeeded  him.  But  not  for  long  ;  he 
himself  died  September  23rd,  1761.  That 
is  pretty  much  all  that  was  known  about 
Young  Glengarry,  except  that  he  should 
have  been  a  good  Catholic,  for  in  1750  he 
was  "  an  ardent  suitor"  to  Cardinal  York 
"  for  a  relick  of  the  precious  wood  of  the 
Holy  Cross,  in  obtaining  which  I  shall 
think  myself  most  happy."  His  portrait 
in  Highland  dress,  prefixed  here  as  a 
frontispiece,  now  hangs  at  Balgownie ;  it 
shows  him  "  a  handsome,  fair,  athletic 
young  chief,  with  a  haughty  expression. 
Behind  him  stands  a  dark,  dubious-looking 
retainer,  like  an  evil  genius." 

And  now  Mr.  Lang  comes  forward,  and 
identifies  this  gallant  young  chief  with  an 
infamous  spy,  who,  under  the  aliases  of 
"Jeanson"  (son  of  Ian  or  John),  "  Alexr. 
Jeanson,"  "Alexr.  Jackson,"  "Roderick 
Random,"  and  specially  "Pickle,"  was  in 
correspondence  with  the  Hanoverian  Govern- 
ment from  November  2nd,  1752,  and  pro- 
bably earlier,  until  February  19th,  1760. 
This  spy  prates  much  of  his  "  upright  inten- 
tions," his  "candour,"  his  "attachment  to 
the  best  of  Sovereigns,"  and  his  "  reale 
zeale  for  the  service  of  his  King  and 
Country  "  :  for  500/.  a  year  he  is  willing  to 
do  anything  "  honourable  "—he  did  send 
his  friend  Dr.  Archibald  Cameron  to  the 
gallows.  And  Young  Glengarry  at  the  same 
time  writes  to  Edgar  :  — 

"  You  I  at  same  time  assure  his  Majesty  of  my 
constant  resolution  to  venture  my  owne  person, 
let  the  consequence  be  what  it  will  and  dow 
everything  that  can  convince  his  Majesty  of  my 
Dutifull  attachmt  to  his  sacred  person  and 
Royal  Cause,  for  which  I  am  ready  to  Venture 
my  all,  and  nothing  but  the  hand  I  had  in  those 
leute  and  present  Schemes,  and  the  frequent 
jomts  I  was  oblidged  to  take  in  Consequence,  Has 
hindered  me  from  beeing  settled  in  a  very  advan- 
tagious  and  honorable  way." 
We  have  italicized  five  misspelt  words  ;  just 
so  misspells  Pickle  the  Spy.  Yes,  that  is 
one  of  Mr.  Lang's  fifteen  grounds  of  identi- 
fication, thus  succinctly  advanced  in  his 
letter  to  the  Scotsman  of  January  16th,  in 
answer  to  an  indignant  "  Highlander  from 
Fort  Augustus  "  : — 

"(1)  Pickle  and  Glengarry  have  both  been 
officers  in  the  French  army  ;  (2)  Both  (and 
no  other  Highland  chief)  were  King  James's 
managers  in  London  about  1751  ;  (3)  Both  (and 
no  other  Highland  chief)  were  in  the  Elilmnk 
Plot  of  1762  ;  {l)  Uotli  were  ill  in  Paris  in 
February,  175:5  ;  (.r>)  Both  (and  no  other  chief 
known  to  us)  were  in  the  entourage  of  the  Prince 
(1752  1754),  and  very  intimate  with  the  Earl 
Marischal    in    Paris  ;    (6)  Both  were  sons   and 


heirs  of  a  great  chief  ;  (7)  Both  succeeded  him  in 
autumn,  1754  (when  Old  Glengarry  died,  and  no 
other  great  chief  died)  ;  (8)  Both  visited  their 
Highland  estates  in  autumn,  1754  ;  (9)  Both  had 
lands  on  the  west  coast,  where  arms  might  be 
landed  ;  (10)  Pickle  virtually  claims  the  Mac- 
donells  as  his  clan  ;  (11)  Both  (and  nobody  else 
in  these  documents)  [always]  spell  'Who'  as 
'  How  '  ;  (12)  Both,  in  my  opinion,  write  iden- 
tical hands,  though  this  opinion  'is  not  evidence' ; 
(13)  Glengarry  is  said,  on  Pelham's  authority, 
to  have  offered  himself  for  sale  just  when  we 
know  that  Glengarry  was  starving  ;  (14)  Pickle 
asks  that  an  answer  to  his  letter  of  February  19th, 
1760,  may  be  directed,  not  '  to  So-and-So,  care 
of  Macdonell  of  Glengarry,'  but  'to  Alexander 
Macdonell  of  Glengarry  '  ;  (15)  Glengarry  dies, 
and  Pickle's  letters  cease." 

As  to  No.  12,  facsimiles  of  the  two  hand- 
writings should  certainly  have  been  fur- 
nished;  but  taken  collectively,  in  some 
cases  almost  singly,  these  fifteen  proofs 
appear  to  us  damning,  irresistible.  Diffi- 
culties there  are,  beyond  question,  and  Mr. 
Lang  has  not  always  faced  them,  but  they 
are  capable  of  explanation.  For  instance, 
on  p.  290  Pickle  writes  of  Glengarry  in  the 
third  person  :  "  Glengary,  into  whoso  con- 
fidence I  have  greatly  insinuated  myself 
as  I  was  informed  in  the  greatest  con- 
fidence by  this  Gentilman."  It  is  puzzling, 
but,  by  preconcerted  arrangement  with  his 
correspondent,  he  may  have  done  this  pur- 
posely to  throw  off  the  scent  any  third 
person  into  whose  hands  his  letters  might 
fall.  That  at  least  is  far  easier  to  suppose 
than  that  one  of  Glengarry's  retainers  (say 
the  "evil  genius"  of  the  portrait)  could 
have  personated  him,  and  for  years  imposed 
successfully  on  the  Hanoverian  Govern- 
ment. Mr.  R.  L.  Stevenson,  to  whom 
transcripts  of  Pickle's  letters  were  sent  for 
use  in  a  novel,  might,  we  conceive,  have 
hit  upon  some  such  solution.  Some  such 
we  would  welcome  ourselves  ;  but,  no,  it 
will  not  do,  it  is  impossible.  The  name 
of  Glengarry  must  henceforth  be  more 
abhorred  than  that  of  Murray  of  Broughton, 
and  one  knows  the  abhorrence  in  which 
he  was  held  by  that  hard-headed  lawyer 
Scott's  father.  For  Murray  sold  his  friends' 
lives  to  save  his  own  neck  ;  Glengarry  did 
so  merely  to  line  his  sporran.  There  was 
a  work  announced  lately  on  '  Death  Masks.' 
Mr.  Lang  has  unmasked  a  dead  traitor, 
who  has  lain  unsuspected  in  his  Highland 
grave  for  close  upon  seven  score  years.  It 
was  right  it  should  be  done,  and  he  has  done 
it  well.  But  the  news  of  the  shameful 
discovery  will  bring  sorrow  and  heart- 
burning to  many  in  Scotland,  and  to  more 
in  the  new  Glengarry  beyond  the  seas. 

The  interest  of  the  work  centros  for  the 
reader  supremely  in  Pickle,  but  it  contains 
much  else  that  is  both  new  and  curious.  It 
lifts  for  tho  first  time  tho  thick  veil  of  mystery 
that  hitherto  has  hung  over  Prince  Charles's 
movements  from  February,  1719,  for  nearly 
eighteen  years;  during  much  of  this  time 
he  was  hiding  in  the  alcove  of  a  Pans  con- 
vent, whore,  "  unseen  and  unknown,  ho 
enjoyed  everyday  tho  conversation  of  the 
most  distinguished  society,  and  hoard  much 
.rood  and  much  evil  spoken  of  himself."  It 
tells  us  what  books  ho  read  ;  anion-  them 
'  Tom  Jones,'  '  Joseph  Andrews,'  '  Athahe,' 
1  Clarissa,'  and  Wood  and   Hawkins's  '  Kuins 

of  Palmyra.'  Jemmy  Hawkins,  joint-author 

of   that   stately   folio,  was,  it   appears,   an 


1 1J 


THE     AT  If  ENtEUM 


N°;3614,  Jan.  M,  '97 


active  Jacobite  emissary,  as  also  was  ('arte, 
the  historian;  and   Frederick  tho  Great  was 
in  IT.").!  intriguing  busily  with  Dawkins.  Bo, 
Carlylo  notw ithstanding,  "  the  ( lhan  of  Tar* 
tary  "  did  "interfere  in  the  Bangorian  con- 
troversy."    Thon   wo   got    glimpses  of    tin- 
Polish  l'rineesse  de  Tulmond,  tho  unworthy 
Flora  Macdonald  of   tho  Prince  in  his  later 
wanderings,  and,  unliko  Flora,  his  mistress. 
She  was  elderly  (ten  years   his  Benior]  and 
jealous,  tho  object  of  her  jealousy  being  poor 
Mllo.  Luoi  Ferrand,  who  died  in  tho  autumn 
of   1752,  and  of  whom  we  would  fain  hear 
more,  for  the  little  told  of  her  is  all  of  it 
lovable.      Montesquieu  figures  often,  once 
playfully  offering  to  secure  Charles  a  seat  in 
the    French   Academy ;    and   so   does    that 
meaner,   at  least  humbler  spy  than  Glen- 
garry, James  Mohr  Macgregor,  the  father 
of    Catriona.     Of    him  we    hear  last  from 
Paris  in  1751,  when  he  writes  to  Balhaldie, 
praying  "a  loan  of  the  pipes,  that  he  may 
play  some    melancholy   tunes."     But  were 
we  to  cite  all  that  the  book  has  of  interest, 
we  should  have  to  cite  most  of  its    three 
hundred  pages.     "  Strafford,"  on  p.  134,  is 
a  misprint  for  Stafford  ;  "  1740,"  on  p.  78, 
should  be  1746  ;  and  the  treasure  buried  at 
Loch  Arkaig  was,  we  believe,   27,000,  not 
40,000,  louis  d'or — 15,000   buried  near  the 
head  of  the  lake,  and  12,000  near  its  foot. 
So  says  Murray  of   Broughton,  and  on  this 
point,  at  least,  he  seems  to  be  worthy  of 
credence. 


History  of  English  Literature.     By  Bernhard 
ten  Brink.     Vol.  III.     (Bell  &  Sons.) 

This  the  third,  and,  alas !  the  final,  volume 
of  Dr.  ten  Brink's  excellent  work  is  not 
unworthy  of  its  predecessors,  which  is  as 
much  as  to  say  that  it  is  of  real  value  to  all 
students  of  English  literature. 

As  everybody  —  even  the  schoolboy  — 
knows,  the  name  of  English  literature  hand- 
books is  legion.  But,  indeed,  few  of  this 
host  are  of  any  importance ;  few  show  any 
independent  research  or  any  original  criti- 
cism. For  the  most  part  they  are  as  sheep 
following  shepherds,  who  often  themselves 
know  little  of  the  country  to  be  traversed. 
They  have  mouths  and  speak,  but  they 
speak  only  what  they  hear  or  think  the}' 
hear  somebody  else  say ;  and  eyes  have 
they,  but  they  see  nothing  but  what  another 
person  points  out.  And  it  is  wonderful 
how  they  go  on  repeating  a  blunder  that 
has  once  been  well  started.  A  statement 
once  confidently  made  in  some  accepted 
volume  is  reiterated  with  yet  greater  confi- 
dence by  these  second-hand  authorities  — 
second-hand,  or  haply  third,  or  nth.  "  Theirs 
not  to  reason  why,  theirs  but"  to  make  a 
book.     Thus  no  progress  is  made. 

And  yet  the  amount  of  material  for  a 
fresh  history  of  our  literature  accumulated 
during  the  last  thirty  years  is  enormous. 
And  surely  it  is  time  that  literary  historio- 
graphers should  avail  themselves  of  it.  We 
hope,  at  all  events,  that  the  ordinary  manual- 
makers  will,  for  the  present  at  least,  adopt 
Dr.  ten  Brink's  volumes  as  their  quarry, 
for  the  said  volumes  can  be  heartily  recom- 
mended for  several  qualities  not  too  often 
found  in  combination.  In  tho  first  place 
they  exhibit  solid  and  accurate  learning; 
along  with  this  solidity  and  this  accuracy 
they  show  both  breadth  and  depth  of  view, 


and  lastly  a  considerable  gift  of  expression 
and  exposition,     in  other  words,  to  speak 
very  moderately,  they  are  well  informed, 
they  are   intelligent   and  judicious,  they  aro 
readable.       Tho    letter    does    not    kill    tin- 
spirit,  as  is  so   often  the  case ;  nor,  on  tho 
other  hand,   does   tho  spirit  kill  the  letter, 
as   is   sometimes   tho  case.      Ten  Brink   is 
minutely  exact  without  being  pedantic  or 
for  a  moment  fancying  that  exactness  is  an 
end  in  itself.   Amidst  endless  details  to  which 
he  pays  careful  attention,  he  never  forgets 
larger   and   wider   considerations.      Ho  de- 
scribes conscientiously  the  outside  of  things, 
but  he  fully  understands  that  it  is  the  mind, 
and  not  merely  the  body  or  the  costume  of 
his  authors,  that  is   his   ultimate   concern. 
It  is  deeply  to  be  regretted   that  work   so 
many-sided   and   so    well   instructed   on  so 
many  sides  should  not  have  been  carried  on 
further,  though,  probably  enough,  the  later 
periods  of  our  literature   would  and  could 
not  have  received  so  satisfactory  a  treatment 
as  the  earlier.     It  concludes  with  the  death 
of  the  Earl  of  Surrey ;  and  to  the  accom- 
plished scholar  so  sadly  and  suddenly  taken 
away  from  his  great  undertaking  and  his 
brilliant  success  we  may,  with  a  very  slight 
change,  fitly  apply  his  own  closing  words, 
for  indeed  they  have  a  strange  propriety  : — 

"  Surrey's  tragic  end  in  the  flower  of  vigorous 
manhood  was  an  immense  loss  to  English  poetry. 
Great  things  he  might  still  have  accomplished  ; 
but  what  he  did  accomplish  has  not  been  lost  to 
posterity," — 

an  application  which  had  occurred  to  us 
before  we  were  aware  that  it  had  occurred 
also  to  Dr.  Brandl — no  doubt  a  generally 
obvious  application. 

The  German  edition  of  this  last  volume 
came  out  in  the  same  year  in  which  its  dis- 
tinguished author  died,  in  1892,  under  the 
supervision  of  Dr.  Alois  Brandl,  one  of  Ten 
Brink's  literary  executors.  Up  to  the  end 
of  the  fourth  chapter  of  Book  VI.  the  MS. 
was  left  ready  for  the  press.  The  re- 
mainder— two  chapters — was  found  carefully 
arranged,  and,  though  unpaged,  complete, 
except  "  two  blank  leaves  which  Dr.  Brandl 
has  filled  in  to  the  best  of  his  ability"  (see 
pp.  211  and  212  of  the  English  version). 

The  translation  is  the  work  of  Miss  Dora 
Schmitz,  a  well-practised  and  highly  com- 
petent German  and  English  scholar,  docta 
"  sermones  utriusque  lingua?."  For  the 
most  part  it  runs  well ;  now  and  then  we 
are  conscious  that  we  are  reading  a  repro- 
duction, or  something  not  quite  natural 
and  idiomatic.  Thus  to  say  that  a  certain 
stanza  of  Surrey's  reminds  one  "of  Middle- 
English  sounds"  is  scarcely  a  proper  use  of 
"  sounds."  But  when  on  the  whole  what 
had  to  bo  done  is  so  well  done,  although  not 
so  easy  to  do,  we  are  by  no  means  minded 
to  complain,  nor  should  be  so  even  if  there 
were  grounds  for  any  serious  complaint, 
which  there  are  not.  Just  one  thing 
is  to  be  regretted,  and  this  is  that  the 
text  of  the  poems  quoted  in  their  English 
form — Ten  Brink  gives  them  in  German — 
has  not  been  more  carefully  corrected.  Thus 
on  p.  250  Surrey  is  credited  with  tho 
ciaudicant  line : — 

The  fishes  with  new  repaired  scale, 
the  verb    "float"    being  omitted.      On  the 
next  page  we  have 

in  longest  night,  or  in  longest  day  ; 

In  clearest  sky,  or  where  the  clouds  thickest  be. 


instead  of 

In  longest  night,  or  in  the  longest  day; 

Jn  clearest  sky,  or  where  clouds  thickest  be. 

And  in  the  next  extract  "  that  "  in  1.  5  makes 
nonsense  ;  it  should  bo  than.      On  p.  246  : — 
Alas  !  now  drench eth  my  sweet  foe. 
That  with  the  spoil  of  my  Dealt  <ii<l  SO, 
And  left  me  ;  but  alas  !  why  did  he  g 

That  second  "go"  should  of  course  be  so. 
"  Aber  ach !  weshalb  that  er  das?"  Ten 
Brink  has  it ;  but  the  reader  of  poetry — or 
indeed  of  prose — does  not  wish  to  correct 
the  press  for  himself :  he  likes  to  have  it 
corrected.  Elsewhere  our  eye  is  caught 
by  "the  Norwegian  mariner  Ohthern," 
"Ososius,"  "Honsdon,"  "Dundas"  (for 
Dunbar).  In  the  second  edition  of  this 
very  valuable  volume,  which  surely  will 
soon  be  wanted,  we  trust  these  errata  will 
be  assiduously  removed.  It  would  be 
absurd  to  say  that  such  flies  make  the 
apothecary's  ointment  malodorous,  but  they 
certainly  make  it  less  attractive. 


A  Record  of  the  Buddhist  Religion  as  prac- 
tised in  India  and  the  Malay  Archipelago 
(a.d.  671-695).  By  I-tsing.  Translated 
by  J.  Takakusu,  B.A.,  Fh.D.  With  a 
Letter  from  Prof.  F.  Max  Midler. 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
All  students  of  Indian  history  are  aware 
of  our  indebtedness  to  Chinese  sources  of 
information  for  supplementing  those  frag- 
mentary notices,  pieced  together  from  the 
evidence  of  coins  and  inscriptions,  which, 
in  the  almost  entire  absence  of  trustworthy 
written  records,  form  our  chief  authorities 
for  the  mediaeval  history  of  India.  The  most 
important  of  these  sources  are  the  records 
left  of  their  travels  by  those  Chinese 
pilgrims  who  visited  India  in  the  interests 
of  Buddhism.  The  narrative  of  Hiuen 
Tsang  has  thrown  much  light  on  the  period 
of  Indian  history  of  which  he  wrote,  while 
adding  some  important  details  to  our  know- 
ledge of  those  countries  which  he  visited. 
Scarcely  less  valuable  is  the  information 
supplied  by  I-tsing,  another  Buddhist 
pilgrim  whom  we  find  visiting  India,  in  his 
'  Record  of  the  Buddhist  Religion  as  prac- 
tised in  India  and  the  Malay  Archipelago,' 
now  made  accessible  to  English  readers 
through  the  labours  of  Mr.  J.  Takakusu. 

It  was  at  the  age  of  eighteen  that  I-tsing 
formed  the  plan  of  visiting  India,  but  he 
was  thirty-seven  before  he  was  able  to  carry 
it  out.  The  intervening  years  had  been 
devoted  to  diligent  study  of  the  Buddhist 
Scriptures,  five  years  being  exclusively  given 
to  the  Vinaya,  that  portion  relating  to 
monastic  life  and  discipline.  These  studies 
probably  fostered  his  wish  to  visit  India, 
for  we  find  him  starting  thither  with  the 
definite  intention  of  studying  the  Vinaya 
doctrines  in  the  land  of  their  birth  in  order 
to  combat  the  errors  which  had  crept  into 
the  Chinese  practice  of  them. 

Leaving  China  in  the  year  671,  I-tsing 
broke    his    journey   at   Bhoja,    which    has 

1 n  identified  with  Palembang  in  Sumatra. 

Here  he  stayed  six  months,  studying  San- 
skrit, after  which  he  sailed  northward,  and 
landing  at  Tamralipti,  on  the  Hugh,  went 
from  there  to  Nfdanda,  where  he  lived  ten 
years,  gathering  no  doubt,  both  through 
study  and  personal  experience,  the  materials 
for  his  future  work. 


N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


143 


Prof.  Max  Miiller  was  the  first  to  point 
out  the  importance  of  I-tsing's  work  for  the 
history  of  Indian  literature.  To  him  we 
owe  the  publication  as  far  back  as  the  year 
1880  of  some  of  the  more  important  chro- 
nological data  yielded  by  I-tsing's  record ; 
and  in  a  prefatory  letter  to  the  translator 
he  again  discusses  at  length  the  extent  of 
I-tsing's  contribution  towards  the  settlement 
of  Indian  literary  dates. 

With  regard  to  earlier  authors  mentioned 
by  the  pilgrim,  we  can  expect,  as  the  Pro- 
fessor remarks,  but  little  aid.  The  dates  of 
Paraini  and  Pa^anjali  as  fixed  by  the  latest 
research  receive,  therefore,  no  confirmation 
from  his  incidental  notices  of  them.  The 
case  is  the  same  with  those  various  names 
occurring  in  his  work  which  belong  to  the 
earlier  period  of  Indian  literary  history. 
As  to  Dharniakirti,  Mr.  Takakusu  shows 
that  the  interpretation  of  the  passage 
referring  to  him  which  represents  him  as  a 
contemporary  of  I-tsing  is  somewhat  mis- 
leading. For  the  rendering  of  the  French 
translator  "  parmi  nos  contemporains,"  he 
would  substitute  "  of  late  years  "—a  reading 
which  would  meet  Prof.  Yasiliev's  view  that 
all  the  pilgrim  wished  to  intimate  was  that 
Dharmakirti  and  the  group  of  authors 
named  along  with  him  were  nearest  to 
I-tsing  in  time.  This  interpretation  of  the 
passage,  it  may  be  noted,  would  not  pre- 
clude the  possibility  of  that  theory  being 
correct  which  places  Dharmakirti  before 
Subandhu,  on  the  strength  of  the  quotations 
made  from  his  writings  in  the  latter's 
'  Vasavadatta '  (see  Jour.  Bom.  Br.  R.  As. 
Soc,  xviii.  88,  147). 

I-tsing  gives  us,  however,  fixed  dates  for 
two  famous  literary  names  of  the  seventh 
century.  These  are  Bhartrihari,  author  of  a 
commentary  on  Pa^anjali's  'Mahiibhashya,' 
who  died,  according  to  I-tsing's  account,  in 
a.d.  651  or  652,  and  Jayaditya,  joint  author 
with  Vamana  of  the  'Kas'ika  Vritti,'  whose 
death  took  place  in  a.d.  661  or  662.  To 
have  set  at  rest  a  question  so  disputed  as 
the  date  of  the  '  Kas'ika '  is  a  matter  of  no 
email  importance,  since  its  author  Vamana 
has  been  referred  conjecturally  to  almost 
every  century  in  the  Christian  era  save  the 
one  to  which  he  is  now  proved  to  have 
belonged. 

For  the  student  of  Buddhism  the  value  of 
I-tsing's  narrative  lies  in  the  comprehensive 
and  detailed  description  which  it  gives  of 
the  Buddhist  monastic  discipline  prevalent 
in  India  during  the  seventh  century  a.d. 
The  record  is  divided  into  a  series  of  chap- 
ters dealing  with  the  rules  of  conduct  to  be 
observed  in  the  daily  life  of  the  s'ramana. 
These  rules  touch  nearly  every  possible 
sphere  of  his  activity,  and  determine  to  the 
minutest  degree  his  behaviour  under  given 
circumstances.  The  bulk  of  them  are  sani- 
tary in  their  nature,  and  have  as  their  object 
the  fostering  of  habits  of  cleanliness  among 
the  monks.  Of  such  are  the  elaborate  rules 
laid  down  for  the  care  of  the  teeth,  tho 
cleansing  of  the  mouth  and  hands,  tho 
directions  as  to  food,  and  tho  vessels  in 
which  it  is  served  ;  while  the  strict  injunc- 
tions as  to  straining  and  filtoring  water, 
though  ostensibly  framed  for  tho  protection 
of  insoct  life,  are  not  without  their  Ranitary 
significance  in  a  country  liko  India.  I-tsing's 
graphic  account  of  the  variations  botwoon 
the  Upavasatha  ceromonies  as  practised  in 


India  and  those  in  vogue  in  the  islands  of 
the  Southern  Sea  is  instructive  as  exemplify- 
ing that  tendency  to  depart  from  the  sim- 
plicity and  purity  of  its  earlier  teaching 
which  a  system  undergoes  when  introduced 
among  a  less  civilized  race.  Even  in  India 
we  see  traces  of  deterioration  in  the  worship 
paid  to  the  Buddha,  in  the  importance 
attached  to  meritorious  actions  as  securing 
a  satisfactory  future  life,  and  in  the  preva- 
lence of  more  luxurious  habits  than  cha- 
racterized the  early  Buddhist  community. 

Of  the  growth  of  ritual  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  priestly  power  I-tsing's  pages 
give  ample  testimony.  According  to  his 
theory,  the  obligations  of  the  laity  towards 
the  priesthood  did  not  stop  at  the  mere 
feeding  and  clothing  of  them,  but  extended 
to  self-sacrifice  of  the  extremest  type.  While 
repudiating  self-mortification  on  the  part 
of  the  s'ramana,  he  naively  suggests  that 
such  passages  in  the  Sutras  as  inculcate  it 
were  meant  for  the  laity,  in  whom  it  was 
meritorious  if  practised  in  the  interests  of 
the  monks. 

I-tsing's  work,  if  carefully  studied,  will 
be  found  to  yield  some  data  for  the  student 
of  the  history  and  folk-lore  of  the  time, 
being  as  valuable  for  the  side-lights  it 
throws  on  these  as  for  the  direct  contribu- 
tions it  makes  to  them.  Especially  interest- 
ing are  the  chapters  on  the  treatment  of 
illness,  revealing  as  they  do  the  primitive 
physiological  ideas  of  the  age  and  the 
knowledge  then  current  of  the  plants  and 
herbs  useful  as  remedies.  Here  and  there 
are  traces  of  methods  of  cure  suggesting 
survivals  from  an  earlier  stage  of  culture 
— as,  for  instance,  the  mention  of  animal 
excrement  used  for  medical  purposes.  In 
these  chapters,  as  throughout  the  book,  we 
catch  glimpses  of  that  system  of  popular 
belief,  derived  from  a  prehistoric  age,  which 
forms  so  large  a  part  of  all  religious 
creeds,  and,  though  modified  by  the  develop- 
ments of  a  later  age,  but  rarely  yields 
entirely  to  them.  The  belief  in  demoniacal 
possession,  in  the  efficacy  of  spells  and 
charms,  the  practice  of  offering  the  leavings 
of  food  to  the  spirits  of  the  departed,  are  a 
few  instances  among  others  that  will  occur 
to  the  reader. 

In  the  explanatory  remarks,  observations, 
and  criticisms  interspersed  through  the 
record  we  get  a  pleasant  glimpse  of  the 
narrator  himself.  He  seems  to  have  been  a 
man  endowed  with  a  fair  share  of  shrewd 
common  sense,  exemplified  in  the  whole- 
some advice  he  gives  as  to  the  use  of 
judgment  and  reason  in  the  carrying  out  of 
the  various  rules  laid  down  by  the  Vinaya 
canon,  and  in  his  ability  to  distinguish 
between  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  a  law — 
a  power  often  lacking  in  the  religious  mind, 
nis  practical  remarks  on  illness  and  its  cure 
are  full  of  sound  sense ;  while  his  frankly 
expressed  belief  in  over-eating  as  the  most 
frequent  cause  of  disorder,  and  his  advocacy 
of  fasting  as  a  remedy  for  most  diseases, 
might  be  taken  to  heart  by  a  good  many 
peoplo  of  tho  present  day  with  good  results 
to  themselves,  though  possibly  not  to  tho 
pockets  of  their  doctors.  There  is  a  special 
charm  about  I-tsing's  account  of  his 
teachors,  to  tho  eulogy  of  whom  ho  devotes 
the  last  chapters  of  his  work.  These  are 
full  of  exquisite  littlo  touches  revealing  tho 
sensitive  spirit  of  the  narrator,  and  his  keen 


appreciation  of  the  character  of  the  men  who 
had  so  deeply  influenced  his  life.  Could 
anything  be  more  natural  or  touching  than 
the  description  he  gives  of  his  teacher 
striving  in  the  stillness  of  the  evening  to 
comfort  his  lonely  little  pupil,  finding 
sermons  on  a  fleeting  existence  in  the  quickly 
fading  autumn  leaves,  that  he  might  divert 
the  boy  from  his  intense  longing  for  his 
mother  ? 

In  a  notice  like  the  present  it  is  impos- 
sible to  do  more  than  touch  upon  the  most 
salient  features  of  such  a  book ;  but  perhaps 
enough  has  been  said  to  show  its  value  for 
the  history  of  Indian  Buddhism  and  Indian 
literature.  That  it  is  of  no  less  importance 
for  its  bearings  on  the  study  of  Chinese 
Buddhism  the  translator  himself  points 
out.  The  reader  has  reason  to  be  grateful 
to  Mr.  Takakusu  for  the  careful  way  in 
which  he  has  done  his  work,  for  the  valu- 
able notes  he  has  given  in  elucidation  of 
doubtful  passages  or  allusions,  as  well  as 
for  the  map  exhibiting  so  clearly  the  route 
by  which  I-tsing  reached  India.  It  may 
be  well  to  draw  attention  to  one  slight  slip 
which  ha3  come  under  notice.  In  a  foot- 
note on  p.  xxviii  of  his  general  introduction 
Mr.  Takakusu,  quoting  from  a  review  of 
Dr.  Edkins's  'Chinese  Buddhism'  (Athen. 
July  3rd,  1880),  speaks  of  S'lladitya,  i.e., 
Harshavardhana  of  Kananj,  as  receiving 
the  Syrian  Christians,  Alopen  and  his  com- 
panions, in  a.d.  639,  and  argues  from  this 
that  Alopen  after  visiting  China  must  have 
returned  to  India.  Mr.  Takakusu  seems, 
however,  to  have  misread  the  passage  quoted 
by  the  reviewer  from  Dr.  Edkins's  work, 
in  which  the  reference  is  most  distinctly  to 
the  Emperor  of  China,  no  allusion  being 
made  to  Harshavardhana  at  all. 


The  Tudor  Translations. — The  History  of  Bon 
Quixote  of  the  Mancha.  Translated  by 
Thomas  'Shelton.  With  Introductions 
by  J.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly.  4  vols.  (Nutt.) 
Mr.  Henley  has  done  a  service  to  literature 
by  including  in  the  handsome  series  of 
"Tudor  Translations"  Shelton' s  version  of 
'Don  Quixote';  for,  in  spite  of  its  inac- 
curacies, it  affords  a  better  idea  of  the  spirit 
of  the  original  than  any  of  its  successors, 
and  it  is  superior  to  the  translations  pub- 
lished on  the  Continent  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  except  Franciosini's.  Mr.  Fitz- 
maurice-Kelly, too,  has  deserved  well  of 
students  of  Cervantes  by  reprinting  the  first 
part  from  the  rare  quarto  of  1612,  which 
differs  in  some  respects  from  that  of 
1620.  A  comparison  of  tho  two  is  de- 
cidedly interesting.  Several  passages  in 
the  opening  chapters  have  been  altered  in 
the  second  edition,  generally  for  the  worse, 
and  some  of  them  for  the  better  ;  but  after 
a  little  the  reviser,  whoever  ho  was,  appears 
to  have  grown  weary,  and  the  edition  of 
1620  becomes  a  mere  reprint  of  that  of 
1612.  Occasional  slips  are  to  be  found 
in  tho  issue  of  1620  which  the  original 
printer  had  avoided  ;  for  instance,  "  horses  " 
for  houses  in  tho  famous  encomium  on  the 
Golden  Age  that  Don  Quixote  addressed  to 
the  goatherds — a  mistake  repeated  in  the 
folio  of  1652. 

Mr.  Fitzmaurioo- Kelly's  introductions  are 
exceedingly  interesting.  Dispossesses  wide 
knowledge  of  his  subject,  a  strong  interest 


1H 


T  II  E     ATIIENJEUM 


N  3614,  Jan.  ."A '97 


in  it,  plenty  of  vivacity,  and  a  shrewd 
judgment.     In  all  important  points  doom 

niuilo  a  groat  advance  since  ho  wrote  hifl 
'Life  of  Cervantes.'  Unluckily,  however, 
lie  has  at  the  same  time  acquired  an  off- 
hand way  of  pronouncing  Ids  opinion  that 

is  apt  to  provoke  dissent.  For  instance, 
when  ho  refers  to  "  tho  Madrid  text  of 
1G0H,  an  edition  thought  by  some  (for 
reasons  hitherto  unrevealed)  to  havo  been 
corrected  by  ( 'orvantes  himself,"  readers 
who  havo  paid  attention  to  tho  matter  will 
feel  inclined,  in  sheer  resentment  at  such  a 
misrepresentation,  at  once  to  side  with  Mr. 
Watts  in  that  dubious  and  difficult  question. 
But  these  are,  after  all,  little  more  than 
faults  of  manner.  In  most  instances  Mr. 
Fitzmaurice-Kelly  shows  himself  a  judicious 
and  thoughtful  critic ;  as,  for  example,  when 
he  points  out,  as  M.  Morel  Fatio  did  in  the 
excellent  lecture  he  delivered  at  Oxford,  that 
it  is  a  serious  mistake  to  attribute  to  Cervantes 
ideas  and  opinions  at  variance  with  those  of 
his  country  and  generation.  This  delusion 
has  been  particularly  common  among  Eng- 
lish writers.  It  led  so  able  a  man  as  Landor 
to  see  in  '  Don  Quixote '  "  the  most  dexter- 
ous attack  ever  made  against  the  worship 
of  the  Virgin";  and  Rawdon  Brown  to  find 
in  it  an  elaborate  satire  on  the  policy  of 
the  Duke  of  Lerma. 

"To  attribute  to  him  qualities  to  which  he 
never  pretended — qualities  which  he  not  only 
had  not,  but  which  he  could  not  have  had  and 
been  the  author  of  '  Don  Quixote  ' — is  to  do  him 
heinous  wrong.  Cervantes  never  rises  above  the 
average  thought  of  his  time  :  as,  indeed,  why 
should  he  1  He  shares  the  petty  hopes  and 
fears,  the  trivial  joys  and  pains  of  common 
humanity  ;  and  the  sympathy  which  makes  him 
kin  to  all  the  world  forms  a  great  part  of  his 
universal  force.  The  average  Spaniard  of  the 
seventeenth  century  with  the  temperament  of 
genius  :  such  precisely  Cervantes  was,  and  such 
he  approves  himself  in  every  line  of  his  master- 
piece." 

Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly  is  equally  happy 
in  what  he  says  about  Cervantes's  opinion 
on  the  expulsion  of  the  Moors,  which  has 
been  a  stumbling-block  to  many  of  his 
admirers  in  this  country,  who  try  to  believe 
that  Cervantes  took  the  nineteenth  century's 
view  of  the  matter,  and  seem  to  forget  that 
he  had  been  a  captive  at  Algiers  : — 

"  It  is  in  perfect  keeping  with  his  character 
and  his  view  of  life  that  he  should  hate  the 
Moors,  and  should  applaud  their  expulsion. 
That  is  Cervantes  the  citizen,  as  we  know  him, 
and  should  wish  him  to  be.  His  appreciation 
of  their  picturesque  value  is  always  present  to 
Cervantes  the  writer,  the  observer  of  whim, 
custom,  and  social  ritual." 

Wo  are  glad  to  see,  too,  that  Mr.  Fitz- 
maurice-Kelly gives  no  credence  to  the  theory 
that  would  identify  Avellaneda  with  Lope  de 
Vega.  His  arguments  are  cogent,  and  he  is  also 
effective  in  marshalling  the  proofs  ho  adduces 
of  Cervantes's  attacks  upon  Lope,  for  although 
it  is  not  quite  clear  that  in  all  tho  passages 
cited  Cervantes  is  alluding  to  Lope,  there 
are  enough  cases  in  which  there  is  no 
doubt  of  his  meaning.  On  the  other  hand, 
Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly  appears  to  minimize 
too  much  the  gravity  of  Avellanoda's  offence. 
If  we  look  at  it  from  Cervantes's  point  of 
view  (and  that  is  the  fair  point  of  viow  to 
adopt),  it  must  be  pronounced  a  shameful 
outrage  which  deserved  all  the  strong  ex- 
pressions Cervantes  employed  against  the 
criminal. 


There  is  only  one  important  point  on  which 

these  introductions  are  open  to  complaint, 
and  that  is  the  writer's  silence  regarding 

tho  sources  of  his  statements.    For  example, 

it  was  Duffield  who  showed  that  Shelton 

translated  from  tho  Brussels  edition,  and  as 
Doffield's   translation    is    at   present  unduly 
despised,  it  is  only  fair  that  this   service  of 
his   should  be  credited  to   him.     Again,  it 
was  first  proved  in  a  correspondence  in  July 
and  August,  1879,  in  these  columns  that  tho 
editio  prince ps  of    Shelton's  version    of  tho 
first  part  was  dated    1(312;    and  Mr.  Fitz- 
maurico-Kolly's  suggestion  that  tho  entry  at 
Stationers'  Hall  of  a  translation  of  the  second 
part  referred  to  a  version  of  Avellaneda's 
work  was  made  in  the  same  correspondence. 
Furthermore,  Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly  refers 
to  an  entry  on  Mr.  Rawdon  Brown's  copy 
of  '  Don  Quixote  '  in  the  British  Museum 
for  his  identifications  of  the  characters  in 
'  Don    Quixote '  ;    but    surely  he    must   be 
aware  that  Mr.    Brown's  exposition  of  his 
theory  appeared  in  this  journal  in  a  series  of 
communications  published  in  1873  and  1874. 
It  is  a  little  disappointing  that  Mr.  Fitz- 
maurice-Kelly can  throw  no  light  on   the 
question,  Who  was  Shelton  ?  and  yet  it  was 
not  to  be  expected  that  he  could.     Shelton 
had  most  likely  acquired  his  knowledge  of 
Spanish  colloquially,  and  he  guesses  at  the 
meaning  of  the  words  he    does   not  know 
instead  of  turning  up  his  dictionary.     Pro- 
bably he  was  one  of  the  many  English  who 
went   to    trade    in    Spain    after    the    peace 
of    1604.      Nor    can    we    share    Mr.    Fitz- 
maurice-Kelly's   willingness  to   approve  of 
the    attempt    to    connect    Shakspeare   with 
Cervantes  by  attributing  to  the  former  the 
play  of  '  The  History  of  Cardenio.'     It  is 
natural  enough    for  Englishmen  to  desire 
to  find  some  link  between  the  two  greatest 
writers   of    their    age ;    but   the   idea   that 
Shakspeare    had    any  hand  in    the    drama 
of  which  we  know  only  the  name  has  little 
solid  basis  to  rest  on,  and  Mr.  Fitzmaurice- 
Kelly  does    not  better  matters   by  talking 
of   "Shakespeare,    who   read    everything." 
There    is  no    certainty    about    the   matter, 
but    we    are   inclined  to   think   that  Shak- 
speare was  probably  no  great  reader. 

This  is  all  the  fault  we  have  to  find,  and 
we  may  conclude  with  once  more  thank- 
ing Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly  for  reprinting 
Shelton,  and  for  the  zeal,  ability,  and  know- 
ledge he  has  shown  in  his  prefaces.  Messrs. 
Constable  have,  as  usual,  done  themselves 
credit  by  the  excellence  of  their  typography, 
the  blackness  of  their  ink,  the  clearness  and 
boldness  of  their  fount  of  type,  and  an 
appropriate  breadth  of  margin.  The  volumes, 
too,  like  the  former  issues  of  "Tho  Tudor 
Translations,"  are  as  pleasant  to  hold  as 
they  are  pleasant  to  read. 


A  History  of  Home  to  the  Death  of  Ccesar.     By 
W.  W.  How  and  H.  D.  Leigh.     (Long- 
mans &  Co.) 
This  solid  volume   of   570  closely  printed 
pages  is,  on  the  whole,  the  best  school  his- 
tory of  Borne  at  present  forthcoming.     In 
spito   of   the   obvious   faults   to  which   we 
shall  have  to  call  attention,  it  can  be  re- 
commended to  the  intelligent  schoolmaster 
in  preference  to  any  of  the  larger  manuals. 
Following     Mommsen's      example,      tho 
authors  do  not  carry  their  chronicle  down 


to  Actium,  the  obvious  landmark  for  a  his- 
tory of  tho  Republic.  Other  writers  before 
them  have  stayed  their  pens  at  Caesar's 
death,  and  apparently  the  pi.  ;im 

of  scholars  hesitate  to  continue  their  story 
when  Mommseu  fails  them  as  a  guide;  j 
there  is  littlo  excuse  for  omitting  the  tale 
of  the  senatorial  reaction  of  11  13,  and 
for  leaving  the  fate  of  Cicero  and  Brutus 
untold.  A  history  of  the  Republic  should 
at  least  reach  down  to  Philippi,  even  if  it 
stops  before  Actium. 

There  is  much  to  commend  in  the  book. 
Tho  two  authors  have  contrived  to  dove- 
tail their  work  so  neatly  together  that  it 
is  impossible  to  make  out  where  one  ends 
and  the  other  takes  up  the  6tory.  Their 
views  are  broad,  consistent,  and  sensible. 
Though  they  have  written  at  considerable 
length  on  constitutional  points,  they  are  not 
dominated  by  the  prevailing  delusion  that 
the  interest  of  Roman  history  is  purely  con- 
stitutional. This  is  a  great  merit  in  days 
when  so  sound  and  able  a  scholar  as  Prof. 
Pelham  can  in  an  "Educational"  history 
dismiss  Cannre  in  one  line  and  the  Cimbri 
and  Teutones  in  two.  The  experiments  of 
Rome  as  a  military  power  and  her  ad- 
ministrative dealings  with  her  empire  are 
far  more  important  than  the  endless  tinker- 
ing of  her  statesmen  with  the  machine, 
cumbrous  from  the  first  and  unworkable  at 
the  last,  which  historians  have  agreed  to 
call  the  Roman  Constitution.  We  welcome, 
therefore,  the  bright  and  vigorous  nar- 
ratives of  the  great  campaigns  of  the  later 
republic,  from  the  second  Punic  war  to 
Thapsus  and  Munda.  In  the  earlier  wars, 
down  to  the  days  of  Pyrrhus,  the  authors 
have  to  be  perpetually  warning  us  that 
only  the  general  outlines  of  Livy's  story  can 
be  trusted.  They  do  their  best  to  dis- 
entangle fact  and  fiction,  bearing  always  in 
mind  that 

"in  these  times  the  Roman  annals  tell  us  of 
many  splendid  triumphs,  but  as  we  hear  of  no 
permanent  fruits  of  victory,  we  may  safely 
ascribe  their  glory  to  the  imagination  of 
patriotic  orators  and  chroniclers.  Each  of 
the  great  houses  had  its  own  fabled  exploits 
extolled  in  the  orations  delivered  at  the  funerals 
of  its  chief  members,  and  afterwards  incor- 
porated in  the  family  chronicles,  from  which 
Fabius  Pictor  and  the  later  annalists  drew 
those  stirring  adventures  and  graphic  portraits 
of  individuals  which  are  preserved  for  us  by 
Livy  and  Plutarch." 

The  constant  exercise  of  criticism 
when  the  Volscian  and  Samnite  wars 
are  being  discussed  makes  the  nar- 
rative somewhat  hazy  and  uncertain  ; 
but  this  is  unavoidable,  and  we  do  not 
blame  the  authors  for  one  moment  when 
they  keep  holding  up  to  us  perpetual 
danger  signals  as  to  the  credibility  of  in- 
cidents which  they  find  it  their  duty  to 
relato  ;  these  early  legends  must  be  given 
because  of  their  very  real  influence  on  later 
Roman  history.  In  a  similar  way  the 
modern  historian  is  obliged  to  mention  the 
Falso  Decretals  or  the  Laws  of  Edward  the 
Confessor,  not  because  he  believes  in  them, 
but  because  of  their  great  importance  in  the 
development  of  subsequent  ideas.  Many  of 
the  modes  of  Roman  political  thought  in 
the  first  century  B.C.  would  be  unintelligible 
without  the  legends  of  Brutus  and  Ahala, 
tho  Decemvirs  or  tho  Gauls  at  the  Allia. 
There  is   a   good   deal  to  be   said  for   the 


N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


145 


device  of  relating  these  stories  in  archaic 
diction,  a  method  employed  by  Messrs.  How 
and  Leigh,  as  by  other  writers  before  them, 
to  mark  the  fact  that  they  are  not  speaking 
in  their  own  person  when  they  retail  these 
ancient  fictions. 

We  find  much  to  praise  in  the  well- 
turned  character  sketches  of  Roman  states- 
men and  generals  which  abound  through- 
out the  book.  The  two  Scipios  are  made 
decidedly  more  comprehensible  than  usual ; 
Sulla  is  not  a  mere  paradox ;  Caius  Grac- 
chus is  not  the  demigod  of  Plutarch  nor  the 
would-be  tyrant  of  Mommsen.  As  a  fair 
specimen  of  the  style  of  our  authors  we  give 
their  verdict  on  that  very  capable  but  reck- 
less politician  : — 

"Caius  Gracchus  had  no  idea  of  a  constitu- 
tional revolution :  we  have  no  real  evidence  that 
he  meant  to  introduce  a  tyranny  based  on  ple- 
biscites. He  abolished  nothing  and  introduced 
nothing.  An  energetic  administrator  with  an 
insatiable  appetite  for  work,  he  found  fresh 
spheres  of  activity  constantly  opening  out  before 
him,  and,  like  the  emperors  later,  concentrated 
many  offices  in  one  person.  Administrative 
reform,  Italian  franchise,  foreign  emigration, 
possibly  the  Romanization  of  the  provinces,  were 
Gracchan  ideas.  But  his  work  was  largely  frus- 
trated by  his  own  vehemence  and  his  passion 
for  revenge.  If  his  end  was  patriotic  his  means 
were  dangerous,  and  indeed  concealed  a  latent 
revolution.  His  Corn  Law  debauched  the 
masses  and  ruined  the  farmer.  He  plundered 
Asia  to  buy  a  party.  In  raising  up  the  Equites 
against  the  Senate  he  drove  out  Satan  by  Beel- 
zebub. An  idealist  in  a  hurry,  he  failed  to  see 
facts  as  they  were,  and  succeeded  in  weakening 
the  only  possible  government.  The  time  was 
not  ripe  for  monarchy  :  to  a  republican  the  idea 
of  it  was  impossible.  The  net  result  of  his  work 
was  to  demonstrate  the  impossibility  of  any 
genuine  democracy  in  Rome." 

Occasionally,   as  is  but  natural,  we  find 
ourselves  disagreeing  in  small  matters    of 
fact  or  opinion  with  Messrs.  How  and  Leigh. 
It   is   difficult   to   think   that    the   implica- 
tion of  Crassus  in  the  Catilinarian  conspiracy 
can   be   dismissed   with    the    epigram  that 
"the  Rothschild  of  Rome  is  not  likely,  for 
all  his  crooked  policy,  to  have  proposed  to 
cancel   his  own   debts    and   burn   his   own 
houses."    Surely  it  is  quite  conceivable  that 
Cicero  spun  a  mighty  tale  of  cades  and  in- 
cen&ium  out  of  a  small  basis  of  fact,   and 
that  the  "plot"  was  an  ordinary  democratic 
intrigue,    not   an  anarchist   rising.     If    so, 
Crassus,  who  loved  to  fish  in  troubled  water, 
may  well  have  been  pursuing  his  sport  in  this 
particularly  turbid  pool.     The  old  belief  in 
Carthaginian  trade  to  Cornwall  for  tin  (p .  1 4  3 ) 
is  now,   we  believe,   generally  discredited. 
The  Cassiterides  are  not  to  be  looked  for 
further    north    than    Spain.      Hasdrubal's 
line  of  march  from  tho  Upper  Guadalquivir 
to   the  Rhone   can   hardly  be   called  with 
accuracy    "  Wellington's    route    along    tho 
north    coast     and     through    tho    Western 
Passes  into  Gaul"  (p.  217).  Wellington,  as  a 
matterof  fact,  did  not  procoed  along  tho  north 
coast,  but  marched  up  the  Douro  ;  and  he  did 
not   force  the  Western  Passes  (Maya  and 
Roncesvalles),  but  forded  tho  Bidassoa  at 
its  mouth  by  Fuentarabia.     A  casual  read- 
ing  of   tho   second   paragraph   on    p.    482 
would  certainly  lead  tho  student  to  imagino 
that    Pompey    annexed    the    kingdom    of 
Pontus,   and  formed    it    into  a  province — 
not  that  ho  took  over  its  capital  Sinopo, 
but  left  nine-tenths  of  the  territory  of  the 


state  to  native  princes.  Croton  had  not 
"ceased  to  be  a  Greek  city"  when  the 
Romans  conquered  South  Italy  (p.  18). 
Its  civic  existence,  though  often  troublous 
and  unhappy,  did  not  end  till  it  was  taken 
by  the  Bruttians  in  the  second  Punic  war. 

All  these  are  very  minor  points  ;  yet  we 
have  two  considerable  grievances  against 
Messrs.  How  and  Leigh.  The  first  is  that 
their  racy  and  vigorous  diction  not  un- 
frequently  degenerates  into  over-colloquial 
phrases,  and  sometimes  into  mere  slang. 
We  do  not  like  to  read  that  an  Asiatic 
army  "  bolted  outright,"  or  even  that  a 
Greek  army  "  scuttled."  The  statement  that 
"  to  Sulla  life  was  a  supreme  ironic  game  in 
which  '  Fors  Fortuna'  held  trumps  "  (p.  415) 
combines  two  styles  of  writing  in  the  most 
unhappy  manner.  Reading  in  the  middle 
of  a  paragraph  on  p.  283,  otherwise  blame- 
less and  stately  enough,  that  "  Diceus  was  a 
fish  out  of  water  who  raised  a  storm  of 
patriotism  to  cover  a  dirty  job,"  the  reader  is 
almost  reminded  of  the  oratorical  flights  of 
Punch's  correspondent  Mr.  Jabberjee.  The 
statement,  on  p.  311,  that  in  managing  the 
rotation  of  provinces  "  the  sacred  lot  itself 
could  be  cooked  with  a  little  ingenuity," 
falls  under  the  same  condemnation. 

But  worse,  from  the  schoolmaster's  point 
of  view,  than  a  tendency  to  colloquialism 
are  the  not  unfrequent  lapses  of  Messrs. 
How  and  Leigh  into  the  "sin  of  allusion." 
We  mean  that  they  make  references  to 
facts  which  they  do  not  relate,  in  such  a 
way  that  the  schoolboy  can  only  be  puzzled 
or  harassed  by  them.  Take,  for  example, 
the  instance  on  p.  227  that  "  Massinissa, 
by  the  reduction  of  Cirta,  gained  only  to 
lose  the  loved  and  lovely  Sophonisba." 
Such  a  sentence  is  a  mere  riddle  to  any  one 
who  does  not  know  the  story  of  the  un- 
fortunate queen  and  her  death.  Again,  we 
must  protest  against  the  following  sentence 
on  p.  212:— 

"For  some  years  after  212  the  flying 
squadrons  of  Muttines,  a  brilliant  officer  of 
Hannibal's  school,  carried  on  a  successful 
guerilla  warfare  in  Sicily,  till  the  folly  and 
jealousy  of  Hanno  led  to  his  own  emphatic 
defeat  by  Marcellus  at  the  Himera,  and  the 
delivery  of  Agrigentum  by  the  superseded  and 
indignant  half-breed  to  Lrevinus." 

When  the  authors  have  omitted  to  tell 
the  reader  that  Muttines  was  the  son  of  a 
Carthaginian  and  a  Libyan,  it  is  wholly 
inadmissible  for  them  to  begin  talking  of 
"tho  half-breed."  How  is  the  schoolboy 
to  know  that  Muttines  is  the  person  alluded 
to  rather  than  any  other  of  the  characters 
who  appear  in  the  surrounding  paragraph  ? 
The  phrase  is  a  mere  riddle  when  the  mate- 
rials to  construct  tho  answer  aro  not  given. 
We  recommend  a  careful  revision  of  the 
book,  to  get  rid  of  these  two  classes  of 
faults,  and  then  it  will  be  quite  worthy  to 
hold  the  position  of  the  authorized  history 
of  Rome  for  oducational  purposes  for  the 
next  ten  or  twelve  years. 


NEW  NOVELS. 
Le  Selve.  By  Ouida.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
The  theme  which  Ouida  has  dovisod  for 
her  last  story  offers  possibilities  enough  to 
have  furnished  more  than  this  slight  volume. 
A  young  Russian  of  good  birth,  a  follower 
of   Tolstoi,   and   a   fugitive   from   his    own 


country  on  account  of  his  political  notions, 
is  placed  by  an  Italian  friend  in  the  post 
of  steward  or  manager  of  a  large  estate 
situated  among  forests  somewhere  (for 
Ouida's  indications  of  locality  are,  as  usual, 
precise,  but  inconsistent  with  each  other)  to 
the  north  of  Rome.  The  peasants  are  such 
as  Ouida  loves  to  depict  the  people  among 
whom  she  lives — bestial  barbarians,  possess- 
ing no  human  quality  but  malice,  steeped  in 
superstition  and  immorality  :  — 

"  They  did  not  want  to  learn  thrift,  or  cleanli- 
ness, or  common  sense.  They  only  wanted  to 
be  filthy,  and  lazy,  and  corrupt,  and  thievish, 
in  the  immemorial  way  transmitted  from  their 
forefathers. " 

We  had  an  idea  that  Ouida  looked  back  to 
the  past — some  three  or  four  centuries  ago — 
as  the  time  when  everybody  was,  at  least  out- 
wardly, dignified  and  beautiful ;  but  it  does 
not  much  matter.  However  that  may  be, 
the  j>easants  and  the  young  Slav,  with 
his  enthusiasm  for  humanity  and  belief 
in  the  possibility  of  making  silk  purses 
out  of  sows'  ears,  do  not  exactly  hit  it 
off ;  and  they  try  to  burn  him  in  his  house. 
For  the  events  leading  up  to  this  benevo- 
lent attempt,  and  for  the  result  of  it, 
readers  must  be  referred  to  the  book.  In 
spite  of  a  good  many  of  the  absurdities  of 
thought  and  expression  which  long  expe- 
rience has  taught  us  to  expect  from  Ouida, 
we  have  read  worse  stories  in  the  past  year. 
As  has  been  hinted,  we  only  regret  that  she 
did  not  work  out  her  picture  on  a  larger 
canvas.  She  might  then,  too,  have  explained 
a  mysterious  allusion  to  a  time,  a  hundred 
years  before  the  date  of  the  story,  when 
"  Murat's  cavalry  encamped  beneath  the 
trees"  of  her  forest.  As  the  only  date  in 
the  last  century  when  French  cavalry  came 
that  way  is  not  yet  a  hundred  years  ago, 
the  story  must  be  of  the  nature  of  prophecy. 


Bv    Mrs.   Alexander. 


A    Golden   Autumn. 

(White  &  Co.) 
The   weakest    link   in   the    long   chain   of 
narrative   by   which   Mrs.   Alexander   con- 
nects   the  matrimonial  fortunes    of  Derek 
and   Celia   Rivers   with   their   relations   to 
many   of   their   kin   and    acquaintance    on 
both  sides  is  the  weakness  and  impatience, 
to  give  it  no  harsher  name,  of  Capt.  Derek 
Rivers    himself.      In    many    respects    the 
gallant  officer  is  no  bad  type  of  the  con- 
ventional  man   of    society,    self- engrossed, 
limited,  fairly  good-tempered,  and  observant 
of  the  ordinary  shibboleths  and  canons  of 
the   time ;    but    after    marrying   a   pretty 
young  Philistine  of    the  trading  class  for 
the  sake  of  her  "tocher,"  to  leave  her  on 
the  second  occasion  on  which   his  taste  is 
outraged    by   her   uuwise    allusion   to   the 
fortune    she  has    brought    him   is   absurd 
even  in  one  so  fastidious  and  susceptible  in 
the  matter  of  his  dignity.  Tho  many  trifling 
ways  in   which  Celia   comes   short   of   his 
fashionable  ideas  of  "form"  aro  not  suffi- 
cient, in  combination,  to   outweigh   in  the 
mind  of  a  man  of  moderate  common  sense  her 
sterling  simplicity  and  her  ardent,  if  rather 
exigent    affection.     Yet  in    the  characters 
of  Celia  and  Lady  Mary,   tho  cousin   who 
wisely  declines  to   bo  Derek's  coadjutor  in 
improving    his  wife's  middle-class   defei 
the  author  shows  a  good  deal  of  intuition 
and    subtlety.     The    frankly   vulgar  Aunt 


Sarah,    "  the    sort    <>f   hag    that 


no    fellow 

9 


140 


Til  !•:     ATI!  KX.KC  M 


N".'W1  1,  Jan.  30,  '97 


could  possibly  stand,"  is  also  in  hex  way 
a  w<  Hi-drawn  figure.  Oelia'e  loyally  t"  In ir 
old  illation  is  quite  clear-sighted,  ami  aa 
much  to  In  ir  credit  as  the  affection  which 

sho  retains  |. «  hi  r  unsatisfactory  husband. 


Kit tij  tin  Ray.   By  Rita.    (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 

"  IIimax  natur's  a  grand  thing,  and  'tis  the 
same  wid  us  all  whin  it's  dinner  time,"  says 
one  of  Rita's  most  lively  Irish  characters. 
But  in  spite  of  this  common  ground,  the 
intinito  variety  and  disparity  of  its  ex- 
ponents are  rather  to  bo  deduced  from  the 
writer's  studies  in  that  complex  subject ;  for 
characterization  reaches  a  higher  point  here 
than  in  any  of  her  previous  works.  Kitty 
herself  is  a  compound  of  the  selfishness  and 
thoughtless  cruelty  of  a  child  with  an 
instinctive  ambition  which  is  unlikely  from 
its  extreme  precocity.  At  eight  years  old, 
allowing  for  heredity  if  we  like,  it  is  early 
for  so  marked  and  reasoned  a  determination 
to  declare  itself ;  yet  there  is  a  wild  energy 
about  the  irregular  scion  of  the  Marsdens  of 
Knockrea  which  in  the  end  compels  every  one 
to  do  her  bidding.  Hermia,  Lady  Eilings- 
worth,  is  in  every  respect  a  contrast  to  the 
child  she  has  borne  to  her  peasant  lover  in 
days  when,  motherless  and  neglected,  she 
found  her  resources  in  truant  sports  by  hill 
and  river.  She  is  cold,  proud,  and  melan- 
choly, the  wife  of  a  commonplace  nobleman 
she  has  been  forced  to  marry  and  does  not 
love,  disillusioned  with  society,  and  sceptical 
as  to  the  future.  When  she  returns  to 
Ireland  after  long  absence,  every  sight  and 
incident  reminds  her  of  the  tragedy  of  her 
youth.  The  front  that  she  shows  to  disasters 
that  tax  her  heart  to  the  utmost  forms  the 
real  pith  and  marrow  of  the  tale  ;  and  she  is 
about  the  highest  achievement  her  author 
has  accomplished.  Hardly  less  interesting 
is  Eugene  the  priest,  who  nearly,  in  spite  of 
the  barrier  of  crime  that  reinforces  that  of 
religion,  falls  in  with  the  notion  of  reunion 
that  Hermia  for  a  time  considers  possible. 


Two    Cousins  and  a   Castle.     By  Mrs.  Lovett 
Cameron.     (White  &  Co.) 

The  tragedy  of  poor  Tom  Spinks's 
suicide  is  in  contrast  too  abrupt  with 
the  general  farcical  comedy  of  the 
castle  at  Portalloc.  The  reader  is  getting 
interested  in  the  prospects  of  Tom's 
gentle  cousin  Mab,  having  ascertained 
that  it  is  the  young  French  attache  she 
will  marry,  and  being  amused  at  the  rather 
obvious  strategy  by  which  the  beautiful 
minx  Dorothy  Duke  is  making  play  with 
Tom's  father,  the  Birmingham  millionaire, 
when  the  suicide  of  the  son  comes  as  a 
most  unlikely  shock.  Certainly  poor  Tom 
had  not  much  brains,  and  was  therefore  tho 
more  likely  to  experiment  upon  them  with 
a  pistol ;  but  some  third  course  might  have 
been  found  for  him,  especially  as  it  is 
clear  his  survival  could  not  have  seriously 
embarrassed  his  cousin.  His  dogged  de- 
votion to  an  unworthy  woman  is  not  his 
least  natural  trait.  Indeed,  all  the  actors 
are  fairly  lifelike,  the  only  outrageously  ex- 
aggerated part  being  that  of  the  too  fasci- 
nating Dorothy.  The  old  squire  at  Portalloc 
is  picturesque,  liko  his  mansion.  Trifling, 
but  well  told,  must,  wo  think,  be  the  verdict 
on  '  Two  Cousins.' 


./     Doubtful    I  Bj    Norman   B.   Bj 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Tin:  publishers  have  saved  us   tho  trouble 
of  expressing  any  opinion  upon  this  work. 
"  Tho  story  of  the  heroine  keeps  tho  reader," 
they  tell  us, 

"on  the  stretch  as  it  is  unfolded,  and  while 
every  page  is  instinct  with  life,  the  interest 
ever  intensifies  to  the  close.  Rarely  lias  a 
novelist  succeeded  so  well  in  completely  battling 
all  attempts  to  anticipate  the  end  of  what  is  a 
charming  tale  of  contemporary  life." 

Tho  statement  made  in  the  first  sentence  had 
not  occurred  to  us.  The  second  is  true  enough ; 
but  that  is  mainly  because  most  novelists 
make  the  ends  of  their  stories  follow  more 
or  less  "  inevitably,"  as  the  modern  term  is, 
from  the  incidents  of  them.  Mr.  Byers 
introduces  a  good  deal  of  irrelevant  busi- 
ness of  mysterious  objection  on  a  gentle- 
man's part  to  the  marriage  of  his  daughter, 
followed  by  intestacy  and  sudden  death. 
His  heroine  overhears  a  conversation  from 
which  she  gathers  that  her  lover  is  at  the 
same  time  her  uncle  ;  she  makes  a  needless 
mystery  of  it  to  him ;  and  by  the  time  she 
discovers  that  he  is  not  her  uncle  he  is 
married  to  another  girl,  with  whom,  so  far 
as  the  reader  knows,  his  relations  have 
hitherto  been  of  the  very  slightest.  A  well 
wrapped-up  plot  is  one  thing,  a  purely 
arbitrary  denoument  like  this  is  another. 


BOOKS   OF  TRAVEL. 


Any  work  on  Armenia  by  a  recent  traveller 
will  necessarily  attract  attention.  Mr.  Brayley 
Hodgetts's  qualifications  for  writing  Round  about 
Armenia :  the  Record  of  a  Journey  across  the 
Balkans,  through  Turkey,  the  Caucasus,  and 
Persia,  in  1895  (Sampson  Low  &  Co.),  were  that 
he  was  special  correspondent  of  the  Daily 
Graphic,  that  he  has  been  a  good  deal  in  Russia 
and  knows  the  language,  and  that  he  has  been 
"as  far  west  as  New  York,"  though  he  was 
never  in  the  East,  as  to  which  last,  indeed,  he 
shows  some  untravelled  naivete,  rare  in  these 
days,  and  pleasant,  if  hardly  reassuring  in  a 
public  instructor.  However,  he  converses  with 
all  sorts  of  people  and  records  their  views, 
which,  as  a  rule,  he  seems  tacitly  to  accept  ; 
and  he  generalizes  rapidly,  as  where  he  describes 
the  entire  Circassian  race  from  a  group  he 
passed  in  the  train  to  Tiflis.  His  opinion  of 
the  Turks  he  must  have  taken  out  ready  made 
from  England,  unless  he  formed  it  during  an 
untimely  detention  at  Trebizond,  for  a  news- 
paper writer  is  not  a  popular  personage  at 
present  on  either  side  of  the  Russo-Turkish 
frontier.      At  all  events,  on  landing  at  Batoum, 

"  I  could  see  no  trace  [on  the  Russian  faces]  of  that 
fierce  and  cruel  fanaticism  and  that  animal  stupidity 
which  cloud  the  countenances  of  the  officials  of  the 

Sultan The  police  officer  who  came  on  hoard  to 

examine  our  passports  was  a  courteous  European 
gentleman,  who  wore  a  look  of  calm  dignity,  which 
was  very  different  from  the  low  cunning  insolence 

of  the  Turks I  breathed  more  freely.    The  very 

air    seemed    to    be    different I  was  in  another 

world." 

Nevertheless,  in  this  other  and  presumably 
better  world,  he  soon  discovered  that  the 
Russians  were  "egging  on  the  Turks"  to 
massacre  the  Armenians,  while  "Russia  was,  in 
her  way,  and  by  more  civilized  methods,  doing 
just  as  much  to  exterminate  the  Armenian  race 
as  Turkey."  The  more  educated  Russian 
Armenians  are  accordingly,  he  says,  trying  to 
establish  an  autonomous  Armenia  outside  of 
Russia.  But  it  would  not  at  all  suit  Russia  to 
have  such  a  barrier  established  between  her  and 
the  decaying  empires  of  Turkey  and  Persia — 
those  ripe  pears  for  whose  fall  she  is  watching 
and  preparing.  Among  the  many  casual  acquaint- 


ances with  whom  he  discussed  tl  ;iiestion 

Rllimn  soldiers  and  civilians,  Armenian 
monks  and  merchants,  and  an  interesting  group 
of  refugees,  whose  account  of  their  own  lighting 
powers,  even  allowing  for  exaggeration,  im- 
pressed him  much.  Their  contempt  for  the 
Kurds  as  opponents  in  war,  unless  when  backed 
up  by  Turkish  regulars,  is,  if  real,  and  not 
assumed,  contrary  to  the  usual  impression  on 
the  subject.  In  the  Caucasus,  if  we  are  to  believe 
our  author,  brigandage  is  rampant,  and  law  and 
order  generally  disregarded  ;  but  it  is  not  always 
easy  to  know  how  far  he  accepts  or  endorses  the 
opinions  he  quotes.  Upon  the  extreme  views  he 
propounds  of  the  duty  of  England  to  coerce  the 
Turk  single-handed  we  need  not  enter.  At 
Baku,  on  the  Caspian,  he  visited  the  oil  wells, 
and  tells  some  good  stories  of  official  corrup- 
tion. Few  travellers  would  now  think  of 
describing  a  camel,  and  we  are  apt  to  forget 
what  a  quaintly  picturesque  object  it  is  : — 

"The  camels  are  generally  preceded  hy  the  queen 
camel,  who  wears  a  curious  kind  of  bonnet  or  cap, 
quaintly  decked  out  with  ribbons,  tassels,  and  bells. 
The  dignity  with  which  she  carries  these  gaudy- 
trappings,  the  daintiness  with  which  she  steps  out 
on  her  gawky  legs,  and  the  ugly  grace  of  her  long 
neck,  her  protruding  under-lip  and  her  teeth,  which 
remind  one  of  the  French  caricatures  of  the  Eng- 
lish Mees  of  a  bygone  generation,  makes  one  under- 
stand all  the  satire  of  the  French  name  of  chamtan 
for  an  old  maid." 

The  following  is  "  absolutely  trustworthy  ": — 

"  '  Do  you  know  what  these  are  made  of  I '  Mr. 
Wood  asked  me,  as  he  handed  me  an  ash-tray  of 
papier-miiche.  '  They  look  like  papier-mache,'  I 
replied.  '  So  they  are,'  he  said  ;  '  but  they  are 
made  of  British  Bibles.  You  have  no  idea  what  a 
boon  these  Bibles  are  to  the  village  industries  of 
Persia.'  " 

The  incidents  of  the  journey  are  well  described, 
but  the  main  purpose  of  the  book  is  to  discuss 
the  prospects  and  circumstances  and  character 
of  the  Armenian  race,  and  to  show  that  they 
are  intellectually  and  morally  superior  not  only 
to  the  Turks,  but  to  the  Russians.  Mr.  Hodgetts 
has  a  word  also  about  the  Persian  Armenians, 
who,  he  says,  are  better  off  as  to  government 
than  the  other  two  sections,  for  Armenia  (as 
he  rashly  hazards  the  old  quotation)  "  omnia 
divisa  in  tres  partes."  Such  expressions  as 
"incrustated  with  superstition"  and  "speedied 
my  departure  "  are  hardly  English. 

Travels  in  Unknown  Austria.  By  Princess 
Mary  of  Thurn  and  Taxis.  With  Illustrations 
by  the  Author.  (Macmillan  &  Co.)— The  days 
have  rather  gone  by  for  books  of  travel  of  the 
old  gossiping  kind,  for  the  histories  of  troubles 
with  porters  and  the  exactions  of  the  landlord. 
Princess  Mary  of  Thurn  and  Taxis  so  far  appre- 
ciates these  facts  that  she  overlays  her  descrip- 
tions of  scenery  in  the  South  Austrian  provinces 
("This  is  Ulyria,  lady,"  for  the  greater  part 
of  the  volume)  with  rather  dreary  humour  of 
the  Jerome  K.  Jerome  order.  In  the  Castle 
of  Duino  "  it  is  a  nice  sad  sort  of  feeling  that 
comes  over  you  :  you  think  of  your  debts,  of  the 
friends  of  your  youth  that  are  dead  and  gone,  of 
your  elderly  relation  from  wdiom  you  have  expecta- 
tions and  who  will  not  die,  and  other  melancholy 
things  of  a  like  nature  ;  but  all  your  troubles 
seem  far  away,  and  are  quite  pleasant, 
'grateful,  and  comforting.'"  The  man  at 
the  beginning  who  says,  "I  always  6tick  to 
my  principles  :  the  summer  in  Cairo,  the  winter 
in  bed,"  is  a  trifle  better.  On  the  title-page  the 
illustrations  are  said  to  be  "by  the  author." 
But  here  and  there  we  have  a  hint  of  two 
authors,  who  criticize  each  other,  after  the 
example  of  two  of  those  in  '  Norway  '  or  '  Three 
Men  in  a  Boat.'  The  lady  duly  quotes  Virgil 
a  propos  of  the  Timavo, 

Antenor  potuit 

Pontem  supenre  Timavi, 

and  so  forth.  And  then  a  little  later  on  she 
tells  us  that  near  the  mouth  thereof  the  Romans 
built  the  temple  to  "  Speranza  Augusta"  !  In 
truth,  the  writing  of  the  book  is  not  much,  and 
the  illustrations  are  on  a  level  with  the  letter- 


N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


147 


press.     They  would    serve   to   remind    one   of 
familiar  views,  but  have  no  artistic  value. 

In  the  preface  to  Italian  Highways  (Bentley 
&  Son)  Mrs.  R.  M.  King  admits  that  she  feels 
"a  strong  sense  of  presumption  in  adding  myself 
to  the  number  "  of  writers  who  have  been  to  the 
same  places  before  her,  but  considers  that  she  is 
justified  by  the  fact  that   "any  traveller  who 
records  his  own  personal  impressions  will  put 
things  more  or  less  in  a  new  light,"  and  adds, 
"  I  regard  facts  something  in  the  light  of  beef 
and  mutton,  as  so  much  raw  material  for  the 
cook  to  exert  his  skill  on."     No  doubt ;  and  if 
the  "cook  "  be  a  Heine  or  a  Stevenson  the  result 
will    probably   be   a   sufficiently  pleasing  com- 
bination of  old  and  new.     But  some  things  that 
are  new  are  not  of  necessity  worth  recording, 
and  in  this  category  we  fear  that  Mrs.  King's 
impressions  of  travel  must  be  placed,  even  if 
they  are  new,  which  we  can  hardly  think  that 
they  are,  if   "  new  "  means  that  no  one  else  has 
had  a  similar  impression  before  her.    As  for  her 
facts,  they  are  most  of  them  to  be  found  in  the 
accredited  guide-books.     Into  these,  indeed,  she 
does  manage  to  introduce  a  little  novelty.     It  is 
not  generally  known  that  Frankfort  shared  with 
Aachen,  Milan,  and  Rome  the  honour  of  being 
the  coronation-place  of  the  emperors.     Some  of 
the  later  Coesars  may  have  gone  through  the  rite 
there,  but  they  never  claimed  on  the  strength  of 
it  to  be  more  than  "  erwahlte  Romische  Kaiser." 
In  science  also  Mrs.  King  has  some  new  observa- 
tions, as  that  when  the  sunlight  falls  on  the  pave- 
ment of  San  Petronio  it  "moves  in  minute,  but 
visible  pulse-like  jerks."     Does  the  earth  then 
revolve  on  cog-wheels  ?     Also,  if  the  people  of 
Bologna  set  their  watches,  as  they  would  appear 
to  do,  by  the  meridian  passage  of  the  sun,  the 
time  in  that  city  must  be  rather  erratic.     Or 
were  the  people  who  "stood  watch  in  hand" 
merely  ascertaining  the  error  of  their  respective 
timepieces  by  the  aid  of  the  Nautical  Almanac  ? 
And  what  are  the  "certain  geological  strata" 
which  "  positively  bristle  with  extinct  craters  "  ? 
We  had  vaguely  supposed  that  every  geological 
age  had  had  its  volcanoes.     But  indeed,  as  Mrs. 
King  says,  "the  depths  of  travelled  ignorance  are 
profound."     Was  it  in  order  to  leave  some- 
thing for  future  explorers  to  discover  that,  in 
the  course  of  some  dozen  pages  or  so  devoted 
to  Padua,  she  omitted  all  mention  of  the  Arena 
Chapel  1    There  is,  however,  one  good  story  in 
the  book — that  of  the  field-cricket,  Grillo,  who 
was   bought   in   a   little   cage    at   Florence    on 
Ascension  Day,  was  called  a  "netter  Kerl "  by 
the  cloak-room  attendant  at  Cologne,  and  sur- 
vived till  September  in  England.     But  though 
"one   grasshopper   can    make   a   spring,"   one 
cricket  can  hardly  make  a  book. 

In  South  Africa.  By  H.  Lincoln  Tangye. 
(Horace  Cox.) — Mr.  Tangye  writes  fluently  and 
shrewdly  of  what  he  has  seen  and  experienced, 
but  the  kind  of  travelling  described  and  the 
ground  gone  over  by  him  have  already  fur- 
nished material  for  a  large  issue  of  personal 
narratives,  and  it  will  henceforth  need  an 
observer  of  more  than  common  insight,  and  a 
pen  gifted  with  exceptional  power  of  presenta- 
tion, to  invest  "  travels  in  Rhodesia,"  unmarked 
by  extraordinary  incidents  or  vicissitudes,  with 
any  special  attraction  or  value.  If  this  be  true 
of  Matabeleland,  there  is,  surely,  still  less 
necessity  for  the  production  of  another  volume 
giving  literary  form  to  impressions  formed  by 
a  passing  stranger  and  sojourner  regarding 
the  Dutch  colonies  in  Africa  and  about  Natal, 
with  which  the  first  part  of  this  book  is 
mainly  occupied.  Doubtless  there  are  way- 
farers who  bring  so  distinct  and  fascinating 
a  personality  to  bear  upon  all  they  meet 
with  at  homo  or  abroad  that  they  have 
always  something  to  tell  about  the  most 
bewritten  roads  or  people,  which  only  they 
could  have  seen  or  told.  They  handle  a  worn 
theme  so  deftly  that  we  never  consider  how 
often  the  thing  done  after  this  manner  has  been 


done  before.  A  new  interest  is  inspired,  and 
that  is  enough.  But  travellers  and  scribes  of 
this  stamp  are  rare,  and  if  Mr.  Tangye  had 
been  one  of  them  his  South  African  reminis- 
cences would  have  been  fused  and  cast 
into  a  shape  quite  different  from  the  re- 
spectable specimen  of  the  bookmaker's  art 
now  before  us.  The  second  portion  of  the 
work,  dealing  with  the  country  now  styled 
"Rhodesia,"  is  naturally  the  most  interesting. 
It  contains  accounts  of  the  coach  journey  from 
Pretoria  to  Buluwayo,  a  tramp  from  Bulu- 
wayo  to  Gwelo,  and  an  excursion  to  the  ruins 
of  Zimbabwe,  which  are  spirited  reading,  not 
without  a  spice  of  humour  on  occasion,  and 
commendably  free  from  the  flippancy  too  often 
splashed  over  the  pages  of  the  "  manifest  des- 
tiny "  school  of  tourists  to  which  this  writer 
belongs.  Yet  the  only  appreciable  addition  to 
the  previously  existing  stock  of  easily  acces- 
sible information— descriptive  and  otherwise — 
relating  to  the  same  regions  consists  in  the 
placing  on  permanent  record  of  the  author's 
own  individual  opinions  on  controversial  ques- 
tions of  the  day.  These  are  freely  and  some- 
what redundantly  expressed,  insomuch  that  the 
volume  will  be  found  overweighted  with  matter 
of  this  kind  by  readers  who  are  unable  to 
endorse  Mr.  Tangye's  admiration  of  the  "rare 
instinct "  with  which 

"  the  conqueror  has  built  himself  a  house  where  the 
King's  own  hut  stood,  so  that  all  recalcitrant  or 
unbelieving  Matabele  may  know  it  as  a  sign  that 
Lobengula  is  swept  away  by  the  new  power,  and 
that  where  the  old  King  reigned  now  rules  the  great 
white  chief." 

The  sketch  map  is  poor,  but  the  process-block 
illustrations  from  photographs  are  helpful,  and 
less  unpleasant  than  such  pictures  sometimes  are. 

The  Mystic  Flowery  Land:  a  Personal  Nar- 
rative, by  Charles  J.  H.  Halcombe,  with 
notes  by  the  author  and  numerous  illustra- 
tions (Luzac  &  Co.),  is  too  shadowy  to  be  of 
real  interest.  The  author,  in  a  series  of  dis- 
jointed chapters,  takes  us  with  him  up  and 
down  the  China  coast,  across  to  Formosa,  and 
even  to  the  distant  island  of  Hainan.  He 
tells  us  that  he  held  an  office  in  the  China 
Customs  service,  but  does  not  admit  us  into  his 
private  history  sufficiently  to  make  a  connected 
story  of  his  various  flittings.  He  speaks  with 
great  respect  of  Sir  Robert  Hart,  whom, 
curiously  enough,  he  describes  as  "Lord  Hart." 
As  Sir  Robert  has  not  yet  been  admitted  to  the 
peerage,  it  is  difficult  to  understand  why  the 
author  makes  so  strange  a  mistake  in  the  rank 
of  his  chief.  The  various  ports  which  he 
visited  furnish  topics  on  which  he  enlarges  writh 
more  or  less  accuracy  and  knowledge,  and 
supply  pieds  de  terre  for  a  number  of  exciting 
incidents.  When  at  Shanghai  he  made  the 
acquaintance  of  Miss  Wang  Seou  Jae,  a 
Chinese  lady,  who  "was  not  only  young,  but 
a  beauty  of  the  most  rare  type,"  for  whom  he 
developed  a  decided  attachment.  The  lady  was 
not  only  lovely,  but  was  possessed  of  a  fortune 
of  fifteen  thousand  dollars,  which  was  held 
by  a  wicked  aunt  in  trust  for  her.  As  this 
lady  was  avaricious  enough  to  desire  to 
possess  herself  of  her  niece's  fortune,  she 
threw  decidedly  cold  water  on  Mr.  Halcombe's 
courtship,  and  finally  carried  off  her  niece,  pre- 
sumably to  convert  her  charms  into  money. 
Being  anxious,  if  possible,  to  recover  the  young 
lady,  Mr.  Halcombe  applied  to  the  French 
inspector  on  the  spot  for  help.  This  was  re- 
fused, and  he  was  advised  to  engage  a  certain 
clever  Chinese  detective  to  assist  in  his  search. 
Then  followed  an  inquiry  and  a  pursuit  which 
reads  like  a  chapter  from  Sherlock  Holmes.  On 
the  assumption  that  he  had  discovered  the 
house  to  which  the  lady  had  been  carried,  the 
detective,  at  the  dead  of  night,  led  Mr.  Hal 
combe  over  roofs,  down  skylights,  through 
Bliding  panels,  to  the  innermost  recesses  of  an 
opium  den,  where  "  lay  a  beautiful  young 
Soochow  lady,  reclining  on  a  rough  couch  in  a 


state  of  insensibility."  But  it  was  not  Wang 
Seou  Jae,  who,  as  a  hasty  note  subsequently 
revealed,  had  been  carried  off  by  her  abductors 
to  Soochow.  Another  exciting  incident  was  the 
ingenious  discovery  by  the  author  of  a  smug- 
glers' den  on  the  coast  of  Shantung,  for  which 
exploit  he  leads  us  to  believe  he  received  pro- 
motion. The  book  is  well  and  largely  illus- 
trated, and  the  portraits  of  the  author  and  his 
Chinese  wife — not  Wang  Seou  Jae — which 
form  the  frontispiece,  are  eminently  lifelike. 

Cairo  Fifty  Years  Ago.  By  E.  W.  Lane. 
Edited  by  Stanley  Lane  -  Poole.  (Murray.) — 
For  some  years  past  the  return  of  winter  has 
brought  with  it  a  crop  of  books  written  ex- 
pressly for  those  fortunate  mortals  who  are  able 
to  flee  from  the  fogs  and  cold  of  London  to  the 
sunshine  and  light  of  Egypt.  Each  year  the 
crop  grows  larger,  and  most  of  the  writers  of 
the  various  books  seem  to  be  possessed  with  the 
idea  of  making  every  traveller  either  an  expert 
Egyptologist  or  Arabist.  There  are,  however, 
many  visitors  to  that  delightful  country  who 
care  more  for  the  Egypt  of  this  nineteenth  cen- 
tury than  for  the  Egypt  of  the  Pharaohs,  or  of 
the  Ptolemies  and  Romans,  or  of  the  Arabs,  and 
to  no  class  of  readers  will  this  excellent  little 
book  of  Lane's  appeal  more  strongly  than  to 
these.  Whenever  Edward  Lane's  name  is 
mentioned  it  recalls  to  the  reading  man  his 
now  classical  work  the  'Modern  Egyptians,' 
and  the  man  who  would  know  what  the  Egyptian 
of  one  or  two  generations  ago  thought  and  said 
always  turns  to  Lane,  and  rarely  turns  in  vain. 
He  knew  Egypt  as  few  Western  folk  have  known 
it,  and  in  some  quarters  of  Old  Cairo  the  old 
folk  still  have  a  tradition  of  the  "Frangi" 
who  rode  about  the  town  on  a  grey  donkey, 
talked  the  native  dialect  better  than  their  fore- 
fathers, and  knew  the  old  street  cries  and 
the  "swear  words  "  as  no  other  European  did. 
It  would  seem  that  the  great  Arabist  conceived 
a  plan  for  publishing  an  account  of  Cairo  in  a 
'  Description  of  Egypt '  which  he  wrote  as  far 
back  as  1828,  but  for  some  reason  the  plan  was 
abandoned,  and  it  is  certain  that  he  had  reduced 
his  account  to  writing,  for  in  1847  the  late  Mr. 
R.  S.  Poole  made  a  copy  of  it  from  his  uncle's 
manuscript.  This  copy  was  given  by  the  maker 
to  Mr.  Stanley  Lane-Poole  a  few  years  ago,  and 
it  was  a  happy  thought  of  his  to  edit  it,  with 
notes,  for  publication.  In  the  ten  chapters 
which  form  the  book  Lane  traces  the  history  of 
the  city  from  the  year  641  a.d.  to  his  own  time, 
and  he  fortifies  his  narrative  with  frequent 
extracts  from  Mas'fidi  and  other  trustworthy 
historians.  The  situation  and  size  of  the  older 
capitals  of  Egypt  are  accurately  described,  and 
Lane's  account  of  the  streets  and  quarters,  of 
the  bazaars  and  citadel,  of  the  mosques  both 
inside  and  outside  the  city,  and  of  Old  Cairo, 
&c,  could  probably  not  be  bettered.  Mr.  Stanley 
Lane-Poole  has  added  references  to  the  Arabic 
works  cited,  together  with  short  notes  and  an 
index.  It  would  be  interesting  to  hear  Lane's 
comments  if  he  could  revisit  Cairo  now  and  see 
the  roads  netted  over  with  electric  tramway 
wires  and  hear  the  deafening  crash  of  the  car 
bells,  which  the  drivers  work  with  their  feet ! 
The  appearance  of  this  posthumous  publica- 
tion is  opportune,  and  the  reader  who  goes  to 
Egypt  to  learn  something  of  the  country  and  its 
capital  will  thank  the  editor  for  his  care. 

This  Goodly  Frame  the  Earth  :  Stray  Impres- 
sions of  Scenes,  Incidents,  and  Persons  in  a 
Journey  touching  Japan,  China,  Egypt, Palestine, 
and  Greece.  By  Francis  Tiffany.  (Cay  &  Bird.) 
— Mr.  Tiffany  has  used  his  visits  to  the  countries 
named  on  the  title  as  pegs  on  which  to  hang 
long  disquisitions  which  have  the  opinions  of 
Kant,  Browning,  and  others  as  their  texts.  He 
tells  us  little  or  nothing  of  the  countries  which 
he  visited,  but  writes  in  rather  a  wearisome 
fashion  on  the  subjects  of  his  thoughts  and 
opinions.  For  example,  when  travelling  in 
Japan  and  fresh  from   the    sight    of  the   well- 


lis 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


N  3614,  .Tax.  30,  '97 


knon  I ''ii  Idha,  he  Introduces 

r  'in-  or  iiw  |.  cogitations  in  this  way:  — 

*  But  your  philosopher  on  hi-  perch  i-  ao  fool  of 
mii-i'  and  time  and  space.  He  will  both  sal  hi* 
cake  and  have  it.  Br  degrees  his  outer  eye  begins 
to  olone  and  his  loner  eye  to  waken.  Then  in- 
evitably looms  up  again  before  him  (lie  Nirvana' 
lapsed  Buddha  of,  tin'  morning,  ami  he  begins  to 
ruminate  on  tin-  nature  of  the  century-long  In- 
fluence the  mighty  dreamer  has  exerted  on  the 
children  of  this  mobile  race  about  oue  on  every 
hand.     BO  here  for  his  speculations." 

When  he  does  venture  to  give  an  opinion  of 
people  by  whom  he  is  surrounded  he  is  not 
always  fortunate  in  his  remarks.  For  example, 
he  considers  that  the  Chinese  are  entirely 
purged  of  the  failings  of  vanity  and  conceit.  A 
more  inapt  estimate  it  is  impossible  to  imagine. 
His  description  of  Japanese  women  is  much 
truer  : — 

'•They  are  such  dainty,  miniature  creatures,  and 
wear  such  a  guise  of  having  just  flitted  down  from 
the  pretty  pattern  on  a  paper  umbrella,  that  it  is 
impossible  to  take    them    seriously  as   responsible 

beings a  halo  of  perpetual  child  grace  surrounds 

them." 

The  book   is  not    satisfying,  and   is  somewhat 
tiresome. 

A  tracers  la  Bosnie  et  I'Herzegovine,  by  Dr. 
G.  Capus  (Hachette),  is  an  interesting  volume 
of  travels  admirably  illustrated,  and  accom- 
panied by  a  capital  map.  Messrs.  Hachette  sell 
this  handsome  volume  for  five-and-twenty  francs ; 
r.n  English  publisher  would  ask  two  guineas  for 
Huch  a  work.  At  the  outset  the  writer  gives  an 
account  of  the  railways  established  by  the  Aus- 
trians,  which  attain  already  a  length  of  500 
miles,  mostly  of  a  narrow  gauge,  and  supplies 
a  conscientious  and  valuable  account  of  the 
resources  of  the  annexed  provinces,  which  the 
Government  is  trying  hard  to  develope,  and 
of  the  administration  of  Baron  Kallay.  More 
amusing  to  the  frivolous  reader  will  be  such 
passages  as  that  in  chap.  iii.  upon  hawking  in 
Bosnia.  Under  the  Austrian  rule  it  seems  to 
be  dying  out,  but  until  the  occupation  the  Begs 
of  the  Krai'na  and  the  Posavina  seem  to  have 
kept  up  the  sport  with  some  zest.  The  Bosniac 
habit  of  reckoning  distance  by  the  time  it  takes 
to  smoke  a  pipe  is  another  national  trait  re- 
corded by  M.  Capus,  according  to  whom  coffee 
and  tobacco  are  the  dominant  factors  in  Bosniac 
life.  The  accounts  of  native  superstitions,  of  the 
music  and  dancing  of  the  peasantry,  are  also 
worth  reading. 

Mr.  Bryce  has  added  to  the  fourth  edition 
of  his  well-known  volume  Transcaucasia  and 
Ararat  (Macmillan  &  Co.)  a  supplementary 
chapter,  "Twenty  Years  of  the  Armenian 
Question,"  a  clear  and  forcible  narrative. 


OUR   LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  publish  The  Yoke 
of  Empire,  by  Mr.  Reginald  Brett,  who,  as  the  son 
of  Lord  Esher,  the  former  private  secretary  of 
the  present  Duke  of  Devonshire  when  a  Secre- 
tary of  State,  and  the  intimate  friend  of  Lord 
Rosebery,  has  had  much  opportunity  of  watching 
the  inner  political  life  of  three  of  the  Queen's 
Prime  Ministers,  and  who,  as  the  son-in-law  of 
Van  de  Weyer,  has  probably  had  access  to  much 
confidential  record  of  the  political  lives  of  the 
Queen  and  the  Prince  Consort,  so  far  as  concerns 
their  relations  with  Palmerston  and  Peel.  The 
book  contains  a  brilliant  series  of  essays  on  the 
relations  of  Melbourne,  Peel,  the  Prince  Con- 
sort, Palmerston,  and  Disraeli  with  the  Crown, 
but  five  out  of  the  six  have  appeared  in  a  maga- 
zine, and,  of  those  named,  only  the  least  good, 
that  on  "Lord  Beaconsfield,"  is  new.  The  last 
chapter,  "Mr.  Gladstone,"  which  is  also  new, 
is  still  less  good.  All  who  have  not  already 
read  the  first  four  chapters  should  buy  the 
volume.  Mr.  Brett  is  master  of  a  pretty  style, 
as  witness  this  about  some  "Ministers":  "The 
Queen  has  suffered  much  at  the  hands  of 
prolix   political   enthusiasts,  who  have   treated 


her  as  though  s'  v  .a  public  meeting"; 

but  we  fancy  thai  Disraeli  was,  in  private,  the 
author  of  the  last  part  ol  tin:  phrase,  and  that 

he  even  used  to   I  U  his  hearers  that    Her 

Majesty  had  used  it  to  him  of  a  rival  thus: 
"  lie  talked  to  me  as  if  I  were  a  Public  Meeting. " 
It    was,  perhaps,    in    reality  said   to   one   of  Mr. 

Gladstones  colleagues. 

What  is  a  Hibernian  I  We  confess  ourselves 
in  doubt,  but  Miss  F.  A.  Gerard's  pleasant 
gossip,  entitled  Some  Fair  Hibernians:  a  Supple- 
mentary Volume  to  '  Some  Celebrated  Irish 
Beauties  of  the  Last  Century'  (Ward  &  Downey), 
sets  our  mind  at  rest  as  to  one  supposition  :  it 
is  not  essential  that  a  fair  Hibernian  should  be  a 
fair  Irishwoman,  for  Lola  Montez,  one  of  these 
beauties,  is  Creole  on  the  mother's  side  and 
Anglo-Irish  on  the  father's  ;  Dorothea  Jordan 
sprang  from  a  Welsh  mother  and  a  Yorkshire 
father  ;  Melesina  Chenevix  Trench  "can  hardly 
be  accounted  as  belonging  to  the  category  of 
Irish  beauties"  as  her  parentage  was  French. 
The  remaining  Hibernians,  however,  are  Irish 
or  Anglo-Irish  girls,  and  if  they  were  not,  their 
nationality  would  not  distress  us,  for  Miss 
Gerard  tells  the  adventures  of  her  beauties  so 
pleasantly  that  our  one  regret  is  that  there  are 
not  more  of  them  to  read  about.  And  in  one 
or  two  cases  the  telling  is  a  delicate  task  :  the 
adventures  of  Lola  Montez,  of  Mrs.  Jordan,  and 
of  Lady  Blessington  make  heavy  demands  on 
the  tact  of  their  biographer,  but  Miss  Gerard  is 
equal  to  the  task  she  has  set  herself,  and  skims 
lightly  over  the  doubtful  passages  without 
ignoring  them.  Yet  we  find  more  amusement 
with  heroines  who  promise  less.  We  remember 
the  '  Irish  Beauties  '  as  a  book  full  of  what  may 
be  called  a  light  degree  of  interest  and  of  enter- 
tainment. It  is  seldom  that  the  sequel  to  such 
a  volume  is  successful,  but  the  '  Fair  Hibernians  ' 
is  an  exception,  and  is  inferior  to  its  precursor 
in  the  title  only.  Despite  the  less  than  doubt- 
ful character  of  some  of  its  heroines,  it  is  a  book 
that  can  be  given  to  young  girls,  and  it  is  both 
amusing  and  instructive,  affording  as  it  does 
bright  and  vivid  glimpses  of  the  manners  of  the 
past. 

Messrs.  Methuen  &  Co.  publish  an  able 
little  volume  entitled  The  Fall  and  Resurrection 
of  Turkey,  by  Mr.  H.  Anthony  Salmone',  which 
is  a  manifesto  of  Young  Turkey,  but  will  be 
found  of  interest  even  by  those  who  do  not 
take  sides  in  the  present  position  of  the  Eastern 
Question. 

A  Year  in  the  Fields:  Selections  from  the 
Writings  of  John  Burroughs,  although  bearing 
the  name  of  Messrs.  Smith  &  Elder  on  the 
title-page,  is  made  in  America.  The  book  is 
pleasant  reading,  for  Mr.  Burroughs  is  a  true 
lover  of  nature  ;  the  brief  preface  by  Mr.  Clifton 
Johnson  is  commendable  ;  but  it  is  difficult  to 
feel  much  interest  in  many  of  Mr.  Johnson's 
photographs,  which  number  twenty. 

Dr.  Gordon  Stables  describes  The  Rose  of 
Allaud<de  (Digby,  Long  &  Co.)  quite  accurately 
as  "a  sensational  story  of  love  and  crime." 
There  is  little  to  add  to  his  words  except  the 
remark  that  it  would  be  difficult  to  think  of  any 
of  the  usual  violent  or  romantic  incidents  of 
melodrama  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  these 
eventful  pages.  They  contain  moreover  adven- 
tures by  sea  and  land  in  profusion,  mutiny, 
murder,  marooning,  South  Sea  islands,  sharks, 
natives,  and  many  other  properties.  The  result 
is  a  little  bewildering  and  not  very  happy. 
The  book  is  awkwardly  put  together,  and  can 
hardly  be  called  a  literary  work.  A  little  less 
lavishness  in  the  matter  of  improbable  epi- 
sodes, and  a  little  more  care  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  them,  might  have  made  it  more  read- 
able. 

Messrs.  Ward  &  Downey  publish  My  Village, 
by  Mr.  E.  Boyd  Smith,  a  prettily  got-up  and 
illustrated  volume  of  sketches  of  life  in  a  com- 
mune of  Picardy.  They  are  harmless  and  meri- 
torious rather  than  exciting. 


Mi.ssu.s.  GhaTTO  A  Winm>  publish  a  some- 
what too  literal  translation,  by  Mrs.  Cany,  'f 
tbesmusing  '■  ■  iptain  Coignet,  80U 

of  the  Empvre,  professedly  edited"  by  Lore"dan 
Larchey,  and  beautifully  illustrated.  The  trans- 
lator twice  states  that  Moscow  was  set  fire  to 
by  "gall'  \  '  which  is  a  good  example  of 

tli.:  over-literslnesa  which  we  have  mentioned. 
(»t  course,  the  more  accurate  rendering  would  be 
"convicts,"  as  it  would  be  hard,  indeed,  to  have 
discovered  a  galley  in  the  centre  of  the  Russian 
Empire.  The  term  came  into  use  at  Toulon  and 
Brest  in  the  later  Middle  Ages,  and  is  retained 
in  the  French  language  after  its  applicability  has 
become  eccentric.  The  book  may  be  recom- 
mended for  boys  as  a  story  of  adventure,  in  spite 
of  its  inaccuracies. 

Cai>t.  Horace  Hayes,  the  best  of  writers 
upon  horses,  has  issued  through  Messrs.  Thacker 
A  Co.  a  second  edition — considerably  altered 
and  enlarged,  and  magnificently  illustrated— of 
his  admirable  work  upon  the  Points  of  the  Horse, 
which  is,  in  fact,  a  complete  work  on  horses,  their 
races  and  peculiarities. 

We  lately  reviewed  an  excellent  French  book 
on  the  Jameson  Raid,  written  by  "  Mermeix," 
and  published  by  M.  Ollendorff,  under  the  title 
of  '  La  Revolution  de  Johannesburg  et  les  Mines 
d'Or.'  An  enlarged  edition,  which  lumps 
together  this  work  and  two  lectures,  one  on 
the  gold  mines  and  one  on  Matabeleland,  now 
appears  through  the  same  publisher,  under  the 
title  Le  Transvaal  et  La  Chartered.  It  contains 
a  map  of  South  Africa  which  is  not  above 
reproach,  but  it  may,  like  the  original  work,  be 
commended  for  its  fairness. 

Dod's  Pari  lame  i  nary  Companion  for  1897, 
published  by  Messrs.  Whittaker  &  Co.,  is  as 
indispensable  as  ever,  although  some  of  the 
figures  of  numbers  of  electors  in  the  list  of 
constituencies  are  for  1895.  It  is  not  easy  to 
obtain  them  for  1897  in  time  for  publication,  but 
those  for  1896  ought  certainly  to  be  stated.  There 
is  an  annual  return.  The  letters  "  H.R.,"  mean- 
ing in  favour  of  Home  Rule  for  Ireland,  are  not 
the  best  general  description  for  the  Liberal 
party.  For  example,  they  fit  very  badly  such 
a  case  as  that  of  Mr.  McEwan,  who  was  un- 
opposed at  the  last  general  election,  and  whose 
speeches  show  him  to  be  in  favour  of  a  very 
different  form  of  Home  Rule  from  that  usually 
known  by  the  name.  It  is,  we  think,  better  for 
a  work  of  reference  to  give  parties  the  names 
they  give  themselves,  and  any  other  course  is 
certain  to  lead  to  absurdities  of  classification  in 
individual  instances.  There  are  a  few  things  in 
the  biographies  of  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons  which  show  that  they  are  not  quite 
sufficiently  revised  each  year  to  be,  all  of 
them,  kept  thoroughly  up  to  the  latest  state  of 
information ;  for  instance,  in  one  passage  (not 
about  Mr.  Asquith)  Mr.  Asquith  is  incidentally 
described  as  being  "  the  Home  Secretary. 

DebretVs  House  of  Commons  and  tlie  Judicial 
f?<  nch  is  also  a  most  useful  volume,  and  the  issue 
for  1897  (published  by  Messrs.  Dean  &  Son)  is 
now  before  us.  How  far  the  heraldic  bearings 
of  honourable  members  would,  in  all  cases, 
stand  the  criticism  of  the  "X  "  who  writes  for 
a  contemporary  we  do  not  know,  but  we  imagine 
that  they  would  not  all  of  them  pass  muster.  The 
editor  very  frankly  says  that  he  is  not  respon- 
sible for  them,  and  that  all  they  represent 
are  "arms  in  use,"  prepared  from  book-plates 
or  from  seals  supplied  by  members.  He  can 
do  no  more,  and  if  "X"  should  ever  make  a 
serious  raid  upon  the  House  of  Commons  he 
must  fall  foul  of  the  members  themselves 
and  not  of  the  editor  of  '  Debrett's  House  of 
Commons.'  "X  "  did  begin  upon  the  list  both 
of  the  judges  and  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
but  he  did  not  carry  his  investigations  in  this 
case  far.  The  statistics  of  the  number  of  elec- 
tors are  later  titan  those  of  Dod,  and  the  year  for 
which  they  arc  given  is  appended,  which  is  a 
useful  hint  towards  caution. 


N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


149 


Mr.  Laird  Clowes  earned  the  gratitude  of 
all  naval  officers  for  The  Naval  Pocket-Book  last 
year.  The  second  issue  is  now  published  (1897) 
by  Neville  Beeman,  Limited,  carefully  revised 
up  to  December  last,  and  even  more  accurate 
and  complete  than  the  volume  of  last  year.  The 
general  public  will  turn  to  the  classifications 
and  table  of  comparative  strengths,  and  they  will 
find  that  Mr.  Laird  Clowes,  who  is  competent, 
has  a  classification  of  his  own,  which  brings  out 
clearly  our  startling  inferiority  to  a  not  impro- 
bable combination  of  three  powers.  The  tables 
of  docks  show  that  we  could  not  fight  in  the 
Mediterranean  without  an  Italian  alliance,  which, 
in  the  event  of  a  combination  of  three  powers, 
we  could  not  obtain. — We  have  also  received  the 
new  issue  of  Lean's  Royal  Navy  List  (Witherby 
&  Co.),  an  excellent  compilation. 

We  have  on  our  table  The  Lambs :  their 
Lives,  their  Friends,  and  their  Correspondence, 
by  W.  Carew  Hazlitt  (Elkin  Mathews),—  In- 
cidents in  India  and  Memories  of  the  Mutiny, 
edited  by  F.  W.  Pitt  (Kegan  Paul),—  Selections 
from  Lhomond's  Urbis  Romaz  Viri  Inlustres, 
edited  by  G.  M.  Whieher  (New  York,  Leach, 
Shewell  &  Sanborn), — Madame  Lambelle,  by 
G.  Toudouze,  edited  by  J.  Boielle  (Whittaker 
<fr  Co.), — Popular  Fallacies  regarding  Bimetal- 
lism, by  Sir  Robert  P.  Edgcumbe  (Macmillan), 
— Specimen  Lessons  on  '  The  Bible  and  Temper- 
ance,' by  J.  J.  Baker  (C.  E.T.S.),—  A  General 
Freight  and  Passenger  Post,  by  J.  L.  Cowles 
(Putnam), — The  Westralian  Goldfields,  by  B.  S. 
James  (Hitchcock), — Industries  and  Wealth  of 
Nations,  by  M.  G.  Mulhall  (Longmans), — A 
Man  amongst  Men,  by  F.  Holmes  (Digby  & 
Long),  —  The  Lifeguardsman,  adapted  from 
Schimmel's  'De  K?.ptan  van  de  Lijfgarde  ' 
(Black),  —  Those  Children,  by  Curtis  Yorke 
(F.  V.  White),— Pioneer  Work  in  the  Great 
City,  by  John  Hunt  (Partridge), — Glimpses  of 
Sunny  Lands,  by  R.  W.  W.  Cryan  (Kegan 
Paul), — The  Great  White  Queen,  by  W.  Le 
Queux  (F.  V.  White), — Verses,  by  Lisa  Wilson 
(Bliss,  Sands  &  Co.), — Poems,  and  Kerdos  the 
Miser,  by  Paul  John,  Vol.  I.  (Mowbray), — 
Chronologie  des  MittelaHers  und  der  Neuzeit,  by 
F.  Riihl  (Berlin,  Reuther  &  Reichard), — and 
Marcelle,  Suite  de  Lettres  et  Aventure  en  Voyage, 
by  Ch.  de  Berkeley  (Paris,  Colin).  Among 
New  Editions  we  have  The  Wonderfrd  Mission 
of  Earl  Lavender,  by  John  Davidson  (Ward  & 
Downey), — Fors  Clavigera,  by  John  Ruskin, 
Vols.  III.  and  IV.  (George  Allen),- The  Life  of 
Percy  Bysshe  Shelley  (Kegan  Paul), — and  A 
Text-Book  of  Bacteriology  and  Infective  Diseases, 
by  Edgar  M.  Crookshank  (Lewis). 


LIST   OF  NEW   BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Book  of  Judges  in  Greek,  ed.  A.  E.  Brooke  and  N.  McLean,  2/6 

Buxton's  (Kev.  H.J.  Wilmot)  Bought  with  a  Price,  Nine 

Sermons,  cr.  8vo.  2/ti  cl. 
Farrar  (V.  W.)  and  Others'  Prophets  of  the  Christian  Faith. 

cr.  8vo.  5/cl. 
Glazebrook's  (Rev.  M.  G.)  Lessons  from  the  Old  Testament, 

Senior  Course,  Vol.  1,  4/  net ;  Notes  on  ditto,  2/6  net. 
Harris's  (S.)  God  the  Creator  and  Lord  of  All,  2  vols.  16/  cl. 
King's  (W.  B.)  The  Daily  Song,  Thoughts  on  the  Offices  for 

Morning  atid  Evening  Prayer,  2/  cl 
Moulton's  (B.  G.)  The  Chronicles,  16mo.  2/6  cl.    (Modem 

Reader's  Bible  History  Series  ) 
Moulton's  (W.  F.)  Old  World  and  the  New  Faith.  12mo.  2/6 
Ommanney's   (G.   1).   W.)   A   Critical   Dissertation  on  the 

Athana6ian  Creed,  8vo.  16'  cl. 
Outlines  for  Meditations  upon  the  King's  Highway  of  the 

Holy  Cross,  cr.  8vo.  3/  cl. 
Rniasford'i  (M  )  The  Tabernacle  in  the  Wilderness,  4/6  cl. 
Schwartzkopff's  (Dr.  I*.)  Prophecies  of  Jesus  Christ  relating 

to  His  Death,  cr.  8vo.  5/ cl. 
Telford's  (J.)  History  of   Lay  Preaching   in   the  Christian 

Church.  12mo.  2/6  cl. 
Warfield's  (B.  B  )  Right  of  Systematic  Theology,  2/  cl. 

Law. 
Markby's  (Sir  W.)  The  Indian   Evidence  Act,  with   Notes, 

8vo.  3/6  net. 

Poetry. 
Burns,  Robert,  Life  and  Works  of,  edited  by  K.   Chambers, 

revised  by  W.  Wallace,  Vol.  4,  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Philosophy . 
Aristotle  and   the  Early  Peripatetic*,  by  B.  F.  C.  Costelloe 

and  J.  H.  Muirhead,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  24/  cl. 
History  and  liiograptiy. 
Brown's  (Rev.  J   W.)  An  Enquiry  into  the  Life  and  Legend 

of  Michael  Scot,  8vo.  10/tf  net. 


Burroughs's  (J.)  Whitman,  a  Study,  cr.  8vo.  6/  net. 
Cannon,   Harriet    Starr,  First,  Mother    Superior  of  Sister- 
hood of  St.  Mary,  by  M.  Dix,  12mo.  5/  cl. 
De  Brosses,  Selections  from  the  Letters  of,  translated  by 

Lord  R.  Gower,  4to.  10/6  cl. 
Froude's  (J.  A  )  The  Divoice  of  Catherine  of  Aragon,  cr.  8vo. 

3/6  cl.     (Silver  Library.) 
Hinde's  (S.  L  )  The  Fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs,  8vo.  12/6  cl. 
Thatcher  (O.  J.)  and  Schwill's  (F.)  Europe  in  the  Middle 

Ages,  8vo.  9/  cl. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Stadling  (J.)  and  Reason's  (K.)  The  Land  of  Tolstoi,  Expe- 
riences of  Famine  and  Misrule  in  Russia,  cr.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Philology. 
Herodotus,    the  Text  of    Canon    Rawlinson's  Translation, 

with  the  Notes  abridged  by  Grant,  2  vols,  cr  8vo.  12/ 
Sweet's  (H.)  Students  Dictionary  of  Anglo-Saxon,  8/6  net. 

Science. 
Braithwaite's  Retrospect  of  Medicine,  Vol.  114,  12mo.  6/6  cl. 
Ebert's  (H.)   Magnetic  Fields  of  Force,  translated  by  C.  V. 

Burton,  Part  1,  8vo.  10,6  net. 
Trotman's  (S.  K  )  Elementary  Non-Metallic  Chemistry,  2/  cl. 
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Reville  (A.)  :  Jesus  de  Nazareth,  2  vols.  15fr. 

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THE   THACKERAYS   IN  INDIA. 

Kingsland,  Shrewsbury,  Jan.  23,  1897. 

The  publication  of  Sir  William  Hunter's  de- 
lightful book  reminds  me  that  about  ten  years 
ago,  being  then  resident  in  Calcutta,  I  made  a 
vigorous  effort  to  discover  the  house  which  had 
been  honoured  by  the  birth  of  the  greatest 
writer  who  has  shed  lustre  on  the  Anglo-Indian 
body,  in  view  to  a  commemorative  tablet  being 
placed  upon  the  building  by  public  subscription. 
In  this  effort  I  was  warmly  seconded  by  the  late 
Mr.  Robert  Knight,  the  editor  of  the  States 
man,  who  in  the  issue  of  that  paper  for  Septem- 
ber 2nd,  IKsT,  devoted  a  leader  to  the  subject, 
and  by  several  oilier  friends.     Notwithstanding 

our  exertions  we  failed   to  discover  the  house  m 
question,  the  records   neither  of   the  Secretariat 

nor  of  the  Municipality  affording  any  clue.     I 


ascertained  that  the  assessment  papers  of  the 
house  tax  did  not  extend  further  back  than 
1836,  whilst  the  first  Calcutta  daily,  the  Cal- 
cutta Journal,  was  not  established  by  J.  Silk 
Buckingham  till  four  years  after  Richmond 
Thackeray's  death.  My  researches,  however, 
enabled  me  to  collect  some  interesting  informa- 
tion in  connexion  with  the  novelist  and  hrs 
father,  and  amongst  my  notes  I  find  an  exact 
record  of  the  dates  on  which  Richmond 
Thackeray  entered  on  his  various  public  em- 
ployments. This  paper,  with  which  I  was 
favoured  by  the  Secretary  to  the  Board  of 
Revenue,  it  may  be  interesting  to  quote  : 
October  9th,  1797,  date  of  rank  as  Writer  ; 
March  9th,  1798,  execution  of  covenant  ; 
October  27th,  1798,  arrived  in  India  ; 
December  17th,  1798,  Assistant  to  the 
Collector  of  Midnapore  ;  March  11th, 
1802,  Assistant  to  the  Collector  of  Dacca  ; 
August  17th,  1802,  Assistant  to  the  Secretary 
and  to  the  Persian  and  Bengallee  Translator 
of  the  Board  of  Revenue  ;  April  9th,  1803", 
Officiating  Collector  of  Beerbhoom  ;  August  1st, 
1804,  Sub-Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Revenue  ; 
same  date,  Acting  Collector  of  Beerbhoom  ; 
December  30th,  1805,  Officiating  Collector  of 
Tipperah  ;  August  1st,  1806,  Officiating  Col- 
lector of  Beerbhoom  ;  September  20th,  1806, 
Officiating  Judge  and  Magistrate  of  Ramghur  ; 
January  1st,  1807,  Secretary  to  the  Board  of 
Revenue  ;  February  20th,  1808,  Acting  Judge 
and  Magistrate  of  Midnapore  ;  December  24th, 
1811,  Collector  of  the  twenty-four  Pergunnahs  ; 
died  September  13th,  1815. 

Thackeray    was     christened     in     St.    John's 
Church,  the  Old  Cathedral,  and  I  give  below  a 
copy  of  the  baptismal  register,  which  has  not, 
I  think,  hitherto  appeared  in  print : — 
Date  of  Baptisms.— 1813  January  3d. 
Name  aud  Age  of  the   Baptized.     N.B.  S.   Son,  D. 
Daughter.— William  Makepeace,  born   18th  July, 
1811.     8. 
Name  and  Situation  of  Parent.".  — Richmond  Thacke- 
ray, Esqr.,of  the  Civil  Service,  and  Anne  his  wife. 
By  whom  and  where  Baptized.— The  Revd.  J.  Ward, 
D.D. 

Seeing  that  Richmond  Thackeray  apparently 
held  the  appointment  of  Judge  of  Midnapore  at 
the  date  of  his  son's  birth,  and  that  a  period  of 
nearly  six  months  elapsed  between  that  date 
and  the  baptism,  we  are  almost  led  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  boy  was  born  not  at  Calcutta, 
but  at  Midnapore,  and  that  his  baptism  was 
deferred  until  his  father  received  his  Alipore 
appointment.  Tradition  has,  however,  so  per- 
sistently declared  that  the  birth  took  place  in 
Calcutta,  that  I  do  not  feel  venturesome  enough 
to  dispute  it.  It  is  quite  possible  that  the 
records  do  not  give  the  date  on  which  the 
father's  deputation  to  Midnapore  ended. 

Sir  William  Hunter's  book,  with  its  record  of 
strenuous  endeavour  and  of  resolute  deed,  is 
well  calculated  to  excite  a  spirit  of  emulation 
in  the  breasts  of  those  who  are  about  to  join 
the  noble  service  which  he  himself  so  long 
adorned.  One  sentence  may  perhaps  need 
modifying  in  a  second  issue.  A  son  of  Lord 
Sandwich  and  of  the  celebrated  Miss  Ray  could 
hardly  have  accompanied  William  Makepeace 
Thackeray,  the  elder,  to  India  in  February, 
17C6.  Martha  Ray  was  shot  by  Hack  man  in 
Covent  Garden  Piazza  on  April  7th,  1779.  Her 
age  was  stated  on  her  coffin-plate  to  have  been 
thirty-four,  and  the  date  of  her  birth  would, 
therefore,  have  been  1745.  She  may  have 
been  a  few  years  older,  but  could  not  possibly 
have  been  the  mother  of  a  son  who  must  have 
been  born  about  1750.  Her  second  and  best- 
known  son,  Basil  Montagu,  was  born  on 
April  24th,  1770.  W.  F.   Peidbatjx, 


PKOF.  MASPBRO'S   'STRUGrOLH   OF  THK   NATIONS. 
Mr.    MoClURR's    letter    is    an    extraordinary 

one;    but  the  public  will    hardly,  I   think,  be  of 
opinion  that   it   improves  his  ease. 

1.   I  respectfully  submit  that  1  havenothin 
apologize  for.      I  merely  stated  certain  facts,  the 


!;,<) 


T  II  E     A  T  II  KXyK  [1  M 


accuracy  of  which  i-.  doI  denied,  and  I  said  ili.it 
ma  translation  such  changes,  even  though  made 
with  tlio  author*!  assent,  were  aol  jastlfiable 
anlsM  the  reader  were  informed  of  the  fact.  I 
adhere  to  that  opinion.  Mr.  McClure  confuses 
the  issue  bv  introducing  various  irrelevant  con- 
siderations. 1  said  nothing  about  "finality," 
and  with  such  questions  as  what  Prof.  Maspero 

may  have  said  in  his  previous  work  (which  I 
alluded  to  simply  for  the  purpose  of  showing 
that  ho  had  never  made  any  secret  of  his  critical 
views),  whether  he  may  have  modified  his 
opinions  since  that  work  was  published,  or 
whether  there  are  particular  views  of  other 
critics  which  he  does  not  accept,  I  am  wholly 
unconcerned.  I  confine  myself  entirely  to  the 
volume  now  before  me.  This  volume,  in  virtue 
of  the  title-page  and  the  note  on  p.  ix,  professes 
to  be  a  translation  of  •  Les  Premieres  Meldes  des 
Peuples,' a  work  which  was  written  not  "ten 
or  twenty  years  ago,"  but  last  year  (the  title- 
page  is  even  dated  1897),  and  in  which,  not  to 
dispute  about  details,  the  author  adopts,  quite 
unambiguously,  a  very  considerable  number  of 
important  critical  conclusions.  Where,  how- 
ever, he  has  done  this  his  text  has  been  sys- 
tematically altered,  so  that  the  "  translation  " 
does  not  in  these  cases  represent  the  real 
opinions  of  the  author.  Prof.  Maspero's  assent 
to  these  changes  does  not  alter  the  case  in  the 
least.  In  a  work  professing  to  be  a  translation  the 
reader,  it  is  clear  (pace  Mr.  McClure),  if  changes 
were  introduced,  ought  to  have  been  apprised, 
clearly  and  truthfully,  of  their  nature  and  ex- 
tent. That  there  was  some  motive  for  the 
omission  is  obvious,  though  it  does  not  interest 
me  to  speculate  as  to  what  it  may  have  been. 
The  introduction  of  alterations  incorporating 
fresh  discoveries,  &c,  stands  upon  a  totally 
different  footing,  and  is  not  in  the  least  degree 
parallel  to  the  altered  presentation  of  an  entire 
history. 

2.  Mr.  McClure  has  misread  my  first  letter. 
The  passages  which  he  has  reprinted  were  not 
cited  by  me  to  show  that  in  Prof.  Maspero's 
opinion  the  narratives  of  Genesis  were  com- 
posed under  the  monarchy.  To  show  that,  I 
referred  to  two  other  passages  (p.  65,  note  2, 
and  p.  70),  in  which  the  patriarchal  narratives 
were  referred  to  "les  Hebreux  de  l'epoque 
royale,"  and  where,  by  the  substitution  of  "  the 
Hebrews  of  later  times,"  Prof.  Maspero's  view 
of  the  date  of  these  narratives  was  effectually 
concealed.  If,  however,  Mr.  McClure  is  right 
in  his  contention  that  in  the  parallels  which  he 
reprints  the  opinions  of  Wellhausen  and  other 
critics  are  the  base  of  the  representations  in 
"  both  "  the  original  and  the  translation,  then  it 
looks  very  much  as  if  the  "  venerable  "  Society 
had,  against  its  will,  been  made  the  means  of 
disseminating  in  England  conclusions  which  it 
would  very  cordially  disown. 

3.  I  must  again  demur  very  decidedly  to  the 
description  of  the  alterations  as  "few."  On 
the  contrary,  they  are  both  numerous  and  (even 
though  confined  to  a  few  words)  important.  The 
suppression  on  p.  70b'  of  the  few  words  stating 
that  the  ark  contained  two  tables  on  which  "  it 
was  believed  later"  that  the  law  was  engraved 
conceals  from  the  reader  Prof.  Maspero's°entire 
view  as  to  the  date  and  character  of  the  Penta- 
teuch. A  few  expressions  ingeniously  altered  in 
p.  707,  last  line  ;  p.  708,  lines  1,  7,  8,  and  note  1  ; 
and  p.  709,  note  1, 11.  1,  2,  have  the  effect  of  com- 
pletely changing  the  author's  picture  of  the 
early  life  of  Samuel,  and  of  crediting  him  with 
a  victory  which  in  the  French  original  is  plainly 
said  to  be  nothing  but  the  invention  of  the 
Hebrew  chroniclers.  I  could  readily  multiply 
illustrations,  but  I  must  have  some  regard  for 
the  columns  of  the  Atkencntm. 

4.  On  the  back  of  the  title-page  it  is  stated 
that  Prof.  Maspero's  volume  is  "published 
under  the  direction  of  the  General  Literature 
Committee."  In  face  of  these  words,  the 
endeavour  (singular  in  itself)  to  exonerate  the 
Society  from   all    responsibility   for   what    has 


been    done   is    manifestly  futile.     That  Com 
mittee  acts,  of  oourse,  in  the  Society's  name; 

and  when   it  sanctioned   the   publication   of   the 
work,  it    either  knew,  or  Ought   to  have  known, 

the  author's  critical  position.     The  Committee, 

if  it  was  not  responsible  for  the  alterations, 
ought  to  have  been  responsible  for  tlicni:  in 
view  of  the  principles  which  the  Society  is 
known  to  uphold,  it  ought  to  have  satisfied 
itself  that  the  work  was  one  which  the  Society 
could  consistently  publish,  and,  if  it  agreed  to 
the  principle  of  alterations  being  introduced, 
have  formally  authorized  the  translator  to  make 
them.  As  it  is,  the  Society,  by  some  means  or 
other,  has  been  placed  in  a  false  position.  It 
has  published  the  translation  of  a  work  written, 
indeed,  by  a  distinguished  archaeologist,  but  by 
one  who  is  also  a  "higher  critic";  and  those 
who  have  acted  on  its  behalf  in  the  matter 
have  not  had  the  openness  to  avow  the 
truth,  but  have  endeavoured  in  various  ways 
to  minimize,  suppress,  or  conceal  it.  The 
public  are  now  in  possession  of  the  facts  which 
I  desired  to  place  before  them  ;  and  I  do  not 
propose  to  say  more  on  the  subject.     Vekax. 


'THE   ROMANCE   OF  A  KING'S  LIFE.' 

While  thanking  the  reviewer  of  my  little 
book  '  The  Romance  of  a  King's  Life  '  for  several 
kind  words  spoken  about  it,  I  beg  permission  to 
offer  some  short  remarks  on  a  few  others  which 
are  not  quite  so  kind. 

1.  It  is  impossible  to  read  him  without  be- 
lieving that  I  spoke  of  a  country  I  had  never 
visited,  and  that  I  described  it  "as  seen  by 
telescope  from  Paris."  My  descriptions  may  be 
good  or  may  be  bad,  but  they  come  from  one 
who  has  seen  what  he  speaks  of,  has  crossed 
Scotland  from  east  to  west  and  from  north  to 
south,  most  of  it  on  foot,  following  sometimes 
roads  and  sometimes  sheep  tracks,  and  taking 
his  rest  when  need  was  in  houses  such  as  those 
he  describes. 

2.  A  sentence  in  my  book  concerning  the 
Roman  walls  can  be  twisted  by  an  unfriendly 
reader  into  the  ridiculous  meaning  which  is 
jocosely  attributed  to  it.  The  friendly  reader 
will  understand  the  meaning  rightly  enough. 
I  may  add  that  the  dubious  meaning  is  to  be 
found  only  in  the  translation  ;  the  original  has 
not  "m  the  north  of  England,"  but  "au  nord 
de  l'Angleterre." 

3.  I  am  sorry  something  else  was  expected 
than  what  I  could  give.  The  announcement 
that  I  would  discuss  again  the  authenticity  of 
'  The  Kingis  Quair '  did  not  originate  with  me  ; 
the  plan  of  my  booklet  would  never  have  allowed 
me  to  introduce  in  it  such  a  lengthy  discussion. 
My  aim  was  to  give  a  picture  of  the  principal 
events,  romantic  and  at  the  same  time  his- 
torically true,  in  James's  life.  I  used  for  this 
motive  several  documents  which  had  been 
neglected  or  ignored,  and  I  excluded  many 
things,  e.  a.,  the  anecdote  concerning  the  intended 
capture  of  Margaret,  because  I  doubt  its  authen- 
ticity. Bower  gives  it,  but  Regnault  Girard 
is  mute  on  the  subject.  I  preferred  to  follow 
the  latter,  who  superintended  all  the  journey, 
and  who  obviously  knew  best.  "Et  eust  madite 
dame,"  says  Girard,  "  tres  beau  temps  et  beau 
passage  la  Dieu  mercy  et  arrivasmes  a  l'aurrizon 
de  la  Pallice  pres  de  la  ville  de  la  Rochelle  le 
xviic  jour  du  moys  d'avril." 

4.  I  have  spoken  of  Major  as  "  the  most 
critical  and  best  informed  of  the  old  historians 
of  Scotland."  Upon  this  the  reviewer  observes  : 
"Certainly  his  being  a  first-rate  witness  against 
Mr.  Brown  is  enough  to  merit  the  tribute  of 
M.  Jusserand's  admiration.  But  with  the  dis- 
passionate critic  that  will  scarcely  be  enough." 
I  praised  Major  because  I  thought  he 
deserved  praise.  If  my  opinion  in  that 
respect  were  a  strange  opinion,  personal 
to  myself,  I  might  be  supposed  to  have 
been   influenced    by   preconceived    ideas  ;    but 


N-  861  I.  .1    -..  -,'),  '97 

thai    opinion    is   ■   sorrent  Will   it   be 

pretended  that  Sheriff  Mackay  is  ■  "pa 

critic  "  because  he  praises  Major's  "  wonder 
fully  sound  historical  instinct"  (1892),  or  that 
Dr.  Sprott,  being  gifted  with  prophetic  fore- 
sight, had  Mr.  BlOWfl  in  his  thoughts  when  he 
wrote  that  Major's  "  was  the  first  history  of 
Scotland  written  in  a  critical  spirit"  (18^ 
To  such  opinions  the  reviewer  opposes  the 
verdict  (of  all  men  !)  of  that  dispassionate  critic 
— George  Buchanan.  J.  J.  JuSBULABD. 

%*  We  must  ask    M.  Jusserand    to  believe 
that  nothing  in    the  review   was   meant  to    be 
unkind.      We  supposed  that  the  episode  in  the 
Channel  had  somehow  escaped   notice.     It  does 
not  seem  at  all  clear  that  Bower's  story,  with  its 
feliciter  delpliinissa  evasit,  is   incompatible  with 
Girard's  version.      Bower    is  in  other   aspects 
of  his  account  so  circumstantial  and  exact  that 
we    cannot    throw  him  overboard   so    easily  aa 
M.  Jusserand  now  does.      Concerning  Major  he 
shifts  the  issue  we  raised.    We  did  not  question 
Major's  rank  as  the  most  critical  of  old  Scots 
historians.       He     was     practically     the     only 
Schoolman     on      the     list,    and    his     themes, 
discussed     in     the      spirit      of      the      Middle 
Ages     rather     than    of    the     Renaissance,   in- 
cluded   the    burial   entire    of    St.   Baldred    in 
three  places  at  once,  the  causes  of  men  having 
dogs'   heads,    the    circumstances    under   which 
Kentishmen  got  tails,  the  propriety  of  cannon, 
and  the  divine  ordination  of  the  deep  sea.     On 
such  topics  his  critical  conclusions  would  have 
done  no  discredit  to  the  twelfth  century,  and 
must  be  remembered  as  well  as  his  wiser  solu- 
tions of  other  problems.    But  our  express  words 
demurred  only  to  "  ranking  John  Major  as  the 
best  informed  of  the  old  historians  of  Scotland." 
Few   searchers   after   facts    will  deny  that    his 
independent   substantial  historical  information 
was  extremely  meagre — not   for  a   moment   to 
be   compared  with  that  of   Fordun,  Wyntoun, 
Bower,    Buchanan,    or     Lesley.       Buchanan's 
estimate   of    him    was   the   weightiest   contem- 
porary   opinion.      M.  Jusserand's    own    "dis- 
passionate  critic,"   Sheriff    Mackay,    has   with 
customary   well-considered    judgment    said    of 
Major's  history  that  "it  is  not  a  history  to  read 
for  new  information." 


JOHN   LAMBS   'POETICAL  PIECES." 

77,  Charing  Cross  Road,  W.C. 

Most  admirers  of  Charles  Lamb  are  aware 
that  his  father,  John  Lamb,  was  a  man  of  some 
literary  cultivation,  and  that  he  was  the  author 
of  a  volume  of  verse,  of  which,  however,  all 
trace  seemed  to  be  lost.  In  W.  C.  Hazlitt's 
new  book  on  the  Lambs  we  find  :  — 

"  Poetry  of  a  moral  or  religious  cast  appears  to 
have  beeu  the  bent  of  the  father.  Southey  had 
under  his  eyes  the  volume  written  by  him  ;  but  it 
has  not  been  recovered.  From  Souther's  slight 
accouut  we  collect  that  it  was  the  prototype  of  the 
*  Poetry  for  Children.'  It  would  be  interesting  to 
stumble  upon  a  copy  ;  for  it  must  exist,  if  it  was 
priuted." 

Mr.  Hazlitt  was  right ;  it  does  exist,  and  I 
have  been  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  a  copy. 
Quite  recently  a  portion  of  the  late  Mr.  Dykes 
Campbell's  library  was  sold  at  Sotheby's.  Among 
other  purchases  which  I  made  at  the  sale  was  a 
thin  quarto  volume  lettered  "Poetical  Pieces. 
John  Lamb."  This  made  it  pretty  clear  that  so 
good  a  judge  as  Mr.  Campbell  believed  the 
book  to  be  written  by  Charles  Lamb's  father, 
for  the  binding  is  comparatively  new,  and  the 
book  was  doubtless  bound  to  the  late  owner's 
order.  As  the  book,  however,  is  anonymous,  it 
may  be  thought  that  this  is  hardly  sufficient 
evidence  on  the  point  of  its  authorship  ;  but 
conclusive  evidence  is  forthcoming,  as  I  shall 
show  presently.  But  first  it  will  be  well  to 
give  some  account  of  the  work  itself.  It  con- 
sists of  a  quarto  volume  of  pp.  iv  and  76.  Its 
title  is  as  follows  :  — 


N°  3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


151 


Poetical  Pieces 
on  Several  Occasions. 

let  such  teach  others,  who  themselves  excel, 
And  censure  freely  who  have  written  well.      Pope. 

London : 
Printed  for  P.  Shatwell,  opposite  Adelptai,  Strand. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  book  to  fix  its  date  ; 
but  I  should  think  it  must  have  been  printed 
some  time  between  the  years  1760  and  1780. 

The  book  is  dedicated  "To  the  Forty-nine 
Members  of  the  Friendly  Society  for  the  Benefit 
of  their  Widows,  of  which  I  have  the  honour  of 
making  the  Number  Fifty."  He  dedicates  his 
book  to  them,  he  says,  because  they  were  (in 
some  degree)  the  cause  of  his  commencing  author, 
by  their  approving  and  printing  the  lines  he 
spoke  at  the  annual  meetings  of  the  Society  at 
the  Devil  Tavern.  If  they  approve  of  what  he 
has  written  it  must  be  from  good-nature  and 
partiality  to  one  who  has  but  small  pretensions 
to  appear  in  print. 

Coming  to  the  contents  of  the  volume,  I  think 
I  may  confidently  say  that  they  must  have  a 
great  deal  of  interest  to  all  the  lovers  of  Elia. 
They  certainly  prove  that  Charles  Lamb's  gifts 
of  humour  and  quaintness  were,  in  some  degree 
at  least,  an  inheritance  from  his  father.  I  do 
not  say  that  John  Lamb's  verses  are  in  any  way 
equal  to  his  son's,  but  certainly  we  find  in  them 
some  of  the  qualities  which  distinguish  the 
lighter  verses  of  "Elia." 

'  Poetical  Pieces '  contains  the  following 
poems  :  '  The  Sparrow's  Wedding  '  and  '  The 
Widow  Bullfinch,'  two  fables ;  a  series  of 
addresses  spoken  by  the  author  before  the 
Friendly  Society  already  mentioned  ;  some  mis- 
cellaneous songs  ;  a  humorous  piece  called  '  The 
Lady's  Footman,'  somewhat  in  the  style  of 
Swift ;  and  'The  History  of  Joseph,'  a  versifica- 
tion of  the  Scripture  story.  The  last-mentioned 
is  the  least  interesting  piece  in  thevolume,  for  the 
author  appears  to  have  had  no  talent  for  serious 
verse.  But,  with  this  exception,  none  of  the 
poems  are  without  interest,  however  defective 
in  form  they  may  be.  A  humorous  spirit, 
rather  playful  than  malicious,  though  not 
without  a  touch  of  satirical  tartness,  is  the 
chief  characteristic  of  John  Lamb's  verses. 
To  enlarge  further  upon  the  subject  would 
require  more  space  than  I  can  fairly  claim  in 
your  pages,  and  I  will,  therefore,  conclude  by 
quoting  the  little  piece  which,  as  I  have  said, 
proves  the  authorship  of  the  volume  : — 
A  Letter  from  a  Child  to  his  Grandmother. 
Dear  Grandmam, 

Pray  to  God  to  bless 

Your  grandson  dear  with  happiness  ; 

Pray  that.  I  may  be  a  good  Boy, 

Be  Grandmam's,  Dad's,  and  Mother's  Joy  ; 

That  as  I  do  advance  each  year, 

I  may  be  taught  my  God  to  fear, 

My  little  frame  from  passion  free, 

To  man's  estate,  from  Infancy  ; 

From  vice  that  leads  a  youth  aside, 

And  to  have  wisdom  for  my  guide, 

That  I  may  neither  lie  nor  s»ear, 

But  in  the  path  of  virtue  steer, 

My  actions  gen'rous,  fair,  and  just, 

Be  always  true  unto  my  Trust, 

And  then  the  Lord  will  ever  bless 

Your  Grandson  dear, 

John  L— b  the  Less. 

I  cannot  help  thinking  that,  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  the  copy  now  before  me  may  be  the 
only  one  in  existence,  it  would  be  well  if  a 
limited  reprint  of  it  were  issued.  Such  a  reprint 
might  be  published  at  an  inexpensive  rate  ;  and 
I  shall  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  persons  willing 
to  subscribe  to  such  a  reissue. 

Bertram  Dof.ell. 

P.S.—  Since  writing  the  above  I  have  found 
that  Talfourd,  in  his  'Life  of  Lamb,'  gives  a 
description  of  the  'Poetical  Pieces,'  and  quotes 
from  it  the  little  poem  I  have  given  above. 


Uiternrp  Cfiossip. 

It  is  understood  that  tho  Government  will 
consent  to  reintroduce  the  London  Univer- 
sity Bill  this  session,  but  only  if  it  may  be 
expected  to  pass  without  serious  opposition. 


It  is  believed  that  the  further  educa- 
tional measures  contemplated  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  introduction  this  session,  to  be 
proceeded  with  if  circumstances  permit, 
will  deal  with  primary  and  secondary 
education  respectively.  There  is  an  ex- 
pectation that  the  former,  whilst  providing 
grants  in  aid  of  the  School  Board  rate  in 
poor  districts,  will  check  the  irregular  pro- 
cess under  which  many  boards  have  estab- 
lished schools  for  boys  beyond  the  elementary 
limits  of  age. 

The  Secondary  Bill,  it  is  said,  will  pro- 
vide for  new  local  authorities  under  County 
Council  schemes,  and  simultaneously  for  a 
non- compulsory  register.  There  is  no  ques- 
tion that  the  associations  of  teachers  will 
oppose  any  measure  for  the  setting  up  of 
local  control  over  secondary  education  un- 
less it  is  accompanied  by  all  the  guarantees 
recommended  by  the  Commission  of  1894, 
including  an  appeal  to  a  professional 
council. 

Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  will  publish 
at  an  early  date  a  work  by  Mrs.  Oliphant 
entitled  '  The  Ways  of  Life,'  comprising  two 
stories  which  will  be  remembered  in  the 
Cornhill Magazine,  '  Mr.  Sandford'  and  'The 
Wonderful  History  of  Mr.  Eobert  Dalyell.' 
We  understand  that  these  stories  are  being 
revised  by  Mrs.  Oliphant  for  the  press,  and 
that  they  will  appear  with  a  preface  which 
should  to  many  readers  possess  a  singular 
interest. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Longman  presided  over  a  meet- 
ing of  publishers  and  booksellers  at 
Stationers'  Hall  on  the  21st  inst.,  when  it 
was  unanimously  agreed  to  hold  the  Book- 
sellers' Dinner  this  year. 

Prof,  and  Mrs.  Max  Muller  have  left 
Oxford  to  spend  the  winter  months  at 
Naples. 

Messrs.  Eaton  &  Mains,  of  New  York, 
and  Messrs.  Curts  &  Jennings,  of  Cin- 
cinnati, are  issuing  a  work  by  Mr.  Rassam, 
entitled  '  Asshur  and  the  Land  of  Nimrod,' 
being  a  narrative  of  his  discoveries  on  the 
ancient  sites  of  Nineveh,  Calah,  Asshur, 
Babylon,  Sepharvaim,  Cuthah,  and  Birs 
Nimroud.  It  also  describes  his  travels  in 
Assyria,  Armenia,  Asia  Minor,  Kurdistan, 
and  Babylonia. 

The  scene  of  the  new  novel  by  Mr.  A.  E. 
Houghton,  called  '  Gilbert  Murray,'  which 
will  be  published  on  February  2nd  by 
Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.,  is  laid  chiefly 
in  Dorsetshire,  but  in  a  part  of  that  county 
not  yet  appropriated  by  Mr.  Hardy  or  any 
other  writer  of  fiction. 

During  February  Messrs.  Hurst  & 
Blackett  will  issue  three  one  -  volume 
novels.  In  one  of  them,  '  An  Australian 
Duchess,'  by  Amyot  Sagon,  the  scene  is  laid 
in  the  colonies,  the  writer  being  personally 
well  acquainted  with  the  scenery  and  cha- 
racter he  describes.  From  Linda  Gardiner  will 
come  a  story,  '  The  Sound  of  a  Voice,'  based 
on  a  melodramatic  incident.  '  The  Wooing 
of  a  Fairy,'  by  Gertrude  Warden,  is  said  to 
be  largely  "  idyllic." 

The  three  years  of  litigation  between  St. 
Andrews  University  and  the  University 
College  of  Dundeo  havo  ended  in  tho  ratifi- 
cation by  tho  Privy  Council,  in  nearly  all 
particulars,  of  the  ordinances  of  tho  Com- 
missioners in  1890,  which  now  receivo  tho 


royal  assent.  It  would  appear  that  the 
precise  effect  of  this  conclusion  of  the  Privy 
Council  will  be  to  establish  the  union  of  the 
College  with  the  University,  and  to  provide 
St.  Andrews  with  a  fully  equipped  faculty 
of  medicine. 

A  Correspondent  writes  : — 

"  At  the  suggestion  of  Sir  Thomas  Storey, 
who  founded  and  gave  to  his  adopted  town  of 
Lancaster  the  building  now  known  as  the  Storey 
Institute,  devoted  to  arts,  science,  and  litera- 
ture, and  costing  30,000L,  a  library  is  about  to 
be  established  in  its  precincts  that  shall  be  more 
especially  a  library  of  historical  works  of  the 
county  and  town  of  Lancaster.  The  Lancaster 
Free  Library  Committee  will  have  charge  of  the 
work  of  collection." 

Dr.  J.  H.  Mordtmann  will  shortly  publish 
a  monograph  on  an  important  series  of 
Minajan  texts  which  were  discovered  by 
Prof.  Euting  and  Herr  E.  Glaser  at  El-Ola, 
in  North  Arabia,  and  other  ancient  sites. 
The  text  of  each  inscription  will  be  printed 
in  type  specially  cut  for  the  work,  and  will 
be  accompanied  by  philological  and  other 
notes;  twenty- two  facsimiles  will  also  be 
given.  Dr.  Mordtmann's  work  is  entitled 
'  Beitriige  zur  Miniiischen  Epigraphik,'  and 
will  form  the  twelfth  "  Erganzungsheft  "  of 
Bezold's  "  Semitistische  Studien  ":  the  pub- 
lisher is  Felber  of  Weimar. 

The  decease  is  announced  of  the  veteran 
Sir  Isaac  Pitman,  who  probably  had  a 
greater  influence  on  journalism  than  any 
other  man  of  his  time. — We  have  further  to 
record  the  decease  of  Mrs.  Hungerford,  the 
author  of  '  Molly  Bawn '  and  many  other 
novels,  none  of  which  attained  its  vogue. 
She  died  at  Bandon. 

Prof.  Kotjnik  has  collected  some  in- 
teresting materials  on  the  relations  of  the 
Grand  Duke  Yaroslav  the  Great,  of  Kiev, 
with  the  foreign  courts  of  Europe,  and  is 
about  to  publish  them  in  the  form  of  a  his- 
tory. The  most  striking  passage  in  these 
relations  was  the  marriage  of  Yaroslav's 
daughter,  Anne  Yaroslavna,  with  Henry  I. 
of  France.  The  Princess  Anne  was  thus 
the  only  Russian  Queen  of  France. 

Continental  papers  announce  that  the 
unveiling  of  the  statue  which  Venosa  (the 
ancient  Venusia)  in  Apulia  has  erected  to 
the  memory  of  Horace  will  take  place  next 
September,  on  which  occasion  a  grand 
popular  festival  will  be  held  which  is  to 
extend  over  several  days. — Friuli  is  going 
to  commemorate  the  twelve  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  decease  of  Paulus 
Diaconus  in  September,  1899.  Why  this 
date  has  been  chosen  is  not  explained.  Tho 
date  of  the  death  of  the  historian  of  the 
Langobards  is,  if  we  remember  rightly, 
unknown. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  most 
general  interest  to  our  readers  this  week 
are  tho  Report  of  the  Army  Medical  De- 
partment for  1895  (1*.  2d.)  ;  Report  on 
Technical  Education  in  Gormany  (3d.); 
Return  of  all  Royal  Commissions,  1887 
to  1895  (3d.);  three  more  Reports  on  tho 
Charities  of  West  Riding  Parishes  ;  and 
an  Index  to  tho  Sessional  Printed  Papers 
of  1895  (1«.  lid.). 


L52 


T  II  E     ATH  KXiEUM 


N   861  1.  .Ian.  30, '97 


SCIENCE 

The  Principles  of  the  Transformer.  By  1  r  - 
deriok  Bodoll,  Ph. I).  (Now  York,  the 
Macniillan  Company.) 
This  is  an  electric;  lighting  treatise  of  an 
essentially  theoretical  order.  It  contains  a 
heavy  dose  of  mathematics  and  graphics — 
perhaps  more  than  is  suggested  by  the  title. 
A  book  of  this  description  we  should  have 
expected  to  hail    from    any  other   country 


rather  than  America.  Consisting  of  404 
pages,  fairly  well  indexed,  the  diagrammatic 
and  other  drawings  in  the  volume  before  us 
are  excellent.  A  largo  portion  of  the  text 
appeared  in  series,  under  the  joint  author- 
ship of  Dr.  C.  Crehore  and  Dr.  Bedell,  in 
the  Electrical  World  of  New  York  in  1891-3 
(vols.  xxi.  and  xxii.).  The  treatment  of 
certain  of  the  problems  is,  however,  dis- 
tinctly new. 

Wo  have  already  had  a  large  amount  of 
literature  on  the  electrical  transformer, 
notwithstanding  that  it  has  so  far  en- 
joyed an  existence  of  but  eleven  years. 
Dr.  Bedell  appears  to  have  lost  sight  of 
this  circumstance  in  his  preface,  though, 
no  doubt,  fully  appreciating  the  previous 
work  of  Dr.  J.  A.  Fleming,  F.E.S.,  Mr. 
Gisbert  Kapp,  M.Inst.C.E  ,  and  Mr.  Blakes- 
ley  amongst  others  in  the  same  field. 

There  is  no  striking  originality  apparent 
in  the  general  arrangement  of  the  subject, 
and  the  definitions  do  not  seem  to  be  very 
helpful.  This  remark  particularly  applies 
to  the  description  of  magnetic  induction — as 
it  does,  indeed,  to  those  proffered  by  several 
other  writers. 

Like    most   apparatus   to   be   turned   to 
practical    account   for   the   use    of    man — 
whether   electrical    or   otherwise — when   it 
comes  to  the  point,  the  "  ways  of  the  beast" 
have  to  be    studied    eventually  in  a  prac- 
tical light  based  on  actual  experiment  of  a 
character  within  the  scope  of  the  engineer 
only.      The    transformer    is    not    only    no 
exception  to  this  rule,  but  may  be  said  to 
be  a  striking  example  of  its  truth.     After 
this    invention     had    for   some   time    been 
brought  forth  to  the  world,  various  mathe- 
maticians made  it  a  tool  for  the  ventilation 
of  much  mathematics  by  way  of  showing 
what  it  would  do,  or  indeed — working  with 
a  brief — to   prove  that   it  would  be  up  to 
this  and  that  duty.     But   such   paper  evi- 
dence was  utterly  futile,  as  we   all   know 
now.      It  is    impossible    by  any    algebraic 
formula)  to  arrive  accurately  at  the  rate  of 
variation    of  the   core   induction   with    any 
given   variation  of   magnetizing    force,  in- 
asmuch as  the  real  hysterisis  loop  of  iron 
induction  expressed  in  magnetizing  current 
has  yet  to  be  furnished.     On  these  grounds 
then,   though   principles    are    essential   for 
guiding  the  experimenter,  they  are  of   no 
use  whatever    in  developing    an  invention 
unless    followed    up    by   practice.     Thus  it 
comes  about  that  any  book  on  the  subject, 
to  be  of  real  use  to  those  engaged  in  turn- 
ing the  said  invention  to  account,  should  be 
Eioro  devoted  to  the  results  of  practical  ex- 
periments than  to  mathematical  principles. 
Dr.    Bedell   appears   to    be   of    a   different 
opinion,  judging  by  the  title  of  his  book 
and  the  quantity  of  sine  curve  mathematics. 
Maybe,  however,  his  work  is  intended  for  the 
professor  rather  than  the  young  engineer. 


Albeit,  the  author  given  a  fair  chapter  on 
the  design  and  construction  of  the  trans- 
former, following  a  hhort  section  on  the 
theory  of  the  alternator  as  well  as  others 
on  that  of  the  transformer  and  oondenaer — 
strictly  mathematical.  The  historical  account 
of  the  development  of  the  induction  coil  is, 
to  somo  extent,  not  quite  satisfactory  in  its 
brevity.  The  work  of  Callan  (tho  roal  in- 
ventor) is  almost  unnoticed.  Taking  it  as  a 
whole,  however,  the  above  chapter  appears 
to  be  carefully  prepared.  It  suitably  de- 
scribes the  discoveries,  inventions,  and 
designs  of  Ruhmkorff,  Page,  Faraday,  and 
Henry,  besides  the  more  practical  outcomes 
of  Bright,  Jahlochkoff,  Gaulard  and  Gibbs, 
Ferranti  and  Swinburne. 

Finalhy,  all  we  can  say  is  that  the  book  is 
got  up  in  a  manner  worthy  of  the  pub- 
lishers. It  does  not  seem  to  be  likely  to 
have  any  special  sphere  of  usefulness  for 
the  bread-earner,  though  possibly  it  may 
occupy  the  intervals  of  the  class-room.  It  is 
distinctly  a  book  which  treats  of  abstract 
theory  rather  than  of  practice,  and  it  is 
a  question  whether  there  are  not  too 
many  books  of  that  description  already. 
Otherwise,  we  can  certainly  recommend 
Dr.  Bedell's  work  as  a  theoretical  treatise 
regarding  an  invention  whose  field  of 
operations  may  become  more  and  more 
extended. 


ASTRONOMICAL   NOTES. 

An  annular  eclipse  of  the  sun  will  occur  on 
the  1st  prox.,  but  the  line  of  centrality  will  be 
almost  confined  to  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
which  it  will  cross  in  a  north-easterly  direction, 
passing  from  the  extreme  north  of  New  Zealand 
to  Colombia  and  Venezuela.  Over  the  greater 
part  of  South  America,  as  well  as  in  Central 
America,  the  West  Indies,  and  the  most 
south-eastern  part  of  the  United  States, 
there  will  be  a  partial  eclipse,  though  very 
small  in  the  last-named,  except  in  Florida.  The 
planet  Mercury  will  be  at  greatest  western 
elongation  from  the  sun  on  the  morning  of  the 
16th,  and  will  be  visible  in  the  early  morning 
during  the  second  and  third  weeks  of  the  month, 
situated  in  the  constellation  Sagittarius.  Venus 
will  be  at  greatest  eastern  elongation  from  the 
sun  on  the  evening  of  the  15th,  and  is  very 
brilliant  as  an  evening  star,  moving  in  an  easterly 
direction  through  the  constellation  Pisces.  Mars 
is  now  due  south  at  8  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
and  continues  to  decrease  in  brightness  ;  he  will 
be  in  conjunction  with  the  moon  (the  second 
day  after  her  first  quarter)  on  the  llth  prox. 
Jupiter  will  be  in  opposition  to  the  sun  on  the 
23rd,  and  is  a  brilliant  object  throughout  the 
night,  situated  in  the  constellation  Leo;  he  will 
be  in  conjunction  with  the  moon  about  midnight 
on  the  17th.  Saturn  is  visible  only  in  the  morn- 
ing, rising  soon  after  midnight  in  tho  western 
part  of  Scorpio. 

The  Thirtieth  Report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors 
to  the  Melbourne  Observatory  has  been  issued, 
and  relates  to  the  period  from  the  beginning  of 
June,  1895,  to  the  end  of  June,  1896,  during 
tho  first  month  of  which  the  observatory  was 
still  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ellery  (now 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Visitors),  whilst 
during  tho  year  from  the  end  of  June,  1895, 
it  has  been  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Baracchi, 
formorly  Chief  Assistant.  The  latter  post  has 
not  been  tilled  up,  and  while  every  effort  has 
been  made  to  cope  with  the  difficulties  arising 
from  that  and  other  reductions  of  the  staff,  and 
to  carry  on  with  efficiency  the  most  important 
work,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  curtail  to 
a  great  extent  (it  is  hoped  not  for  any  very  long 
time)  other  operations,  and  in  particular  to 
I  abandon  observations  with  the  great  telescope 


and  other  equatorial*.  Mr.  Baracchi  strongly 
urges  the  provision  of  means  for  preparing  fur 

publication  a  large  mass  of  previous  work,  and 
also  for  the  measurement  of  the  photographic 
plates.  The  completion  of  the  share  undertaken 
by  the  Melbourne  Observatory  in  the  photo- 
graphic chart  of  the  heavens  is  causing  him  a 
good  deal  of  anxiety. 

The  Nautical  Almanac  and  Ephemeru  for  the 
year  1900  has  just  been  published.     The  con- 
tents and  arrangement  are  the  same  generally 
as  those  of  the  preceding  year  ;  and,  as  in  recent 
years,  Part  I.,  containing  such  data  as  are  more 
particularly  required  for  navigational  purposes, 
is   published  separately.       The  eclipses   of   the 
year  will  be  a  total  one  of  tho  sun  on  May  28th, 
the   central    line  of    which,  after    passing   over 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  will  cross  Spain  (where  the 
duration  of   totality  will  amount  to  about  one 
and  a  half  minutes)  and  Algeria  ;  a  partial  one 
of  the  moon  (scarcely  more  than  penumbral)  on 
the  morning  of  June  3rd  ;  and  an  annular  eclipse 
of  the  sun  on  November  22nd,  the  central  line 
of  which  will  be  almost  confined  to  the  Indian 
Ocean.       The   longitudes  and  latitudes   of    139 
observatories  are  given  in  this  volume  ;  and  an 
appendix  containing  elements  and  ephemerides 
of  the  four  oldest  small  planets,  Newcomb's  cor- 
rections to  the  places  of  the  moon  in  Hansen's 
Tables,    and    a    continuation    of    Damoiseau's 
Tables  of  Jupiter's  satellites. 

M.  Bigourdan  contributes  to  the  number  of 
the  Comptes  Rendus  of  the  French  Academy  for 
the  28th  ulfc.  a  further  list  of  thirty-seven 
nebulae  which  have  been  discovered  with  the 
western  equatorial  of  the  Paris  Observatory. 
Most  of  these  objects  are  exceedingly  faint  ; 
of  the  last  he  remarks:  "Objet  qui  parait  un 
peu  ne"buleux.  II  faudrait  un  instrument  plus 
puissant  pour  decider  s'il  Test  re'ellement." 


MR.    HORATIO    HALE. 

Both  ethnologists  and  comparative  philolo- 
gists, much  as  they  differ  on  many  points,  will 
agree  that  the  two  sciences  in  which  they  take 
a  special  interest  have  suffered  a  grievous  loss 
through  the  death  of  Horatio  Hale.  He  was 
an  American  by  birth,  having  been  born  in  1817 
in  Newport,  N.H.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1837,  and  whilst  still  an  undergraduate  he 
was  appointed  to  the  post  of  philologist  in 
the  United  States  exploring  expedition  com- 
manded by  the  notorious  Capt.  Wilkes.  The 
seventh  volume  of  the  report  of  that  expedi- 
tion, entitled  'Ethnography  and  Philology,' 
was  entirely  the  work  of  the  young  student. 
This  large  quarto,  though  well  known  to  special- 
ists, has  had  but  a  small  circulation.  It  contains 
extremely  valuable  information  on  Australian 
and  other  languages  almost  unknown  before  he 
collected  them  from  the  mouths  of  the  natives. 
The  whole  work  shows  on  every  page  the  accu- 
rate spirit  of  the  scholar  combined  with  the 
comprehensive  grasp  of  the  ethnologist. 

After  paying  a  visit  to  Europe  he  returned  to 
America  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Chicago. 
Soon,  however,  he  left  the  United  States  and 
settled  at  Clinton,  in  Canada,  where  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  long  and  active  life.  He 
did  excellent  service  in  studying  the  dialects  of 
the  Indian  tribes  in  Canada,  and  soon  became 
the  highest  authority  in  this  branch  of  studies. 
His  papers  appeared  chiefly  in  the  Tratis- 
actiona  of  learned  societies.  Many  of  them  are 
extremely  difficult  to  get,  and  students  of 
folk-lore  have  long  wished  that  these  papers 
might  be  collected  and  published  in  a  sepa- 
rate volume.  In  1883  appeared  his  'Iro- 
quois Book  of  Rites,'  based  on  some  curious 
Mohawk  MSS.  of  the  last  century,  giving 
an  account  of  the  origin,  laws,  and  cere- 
monial usages  of  the  Iroquois  confederacy. 
What  distinguishes  this  and  all  other  books  of 
Horatio  Hale,  such  as  his  paper  on  the  Tutelo 
tribe  and  language,  his  report  on  the  Blackfoot 
tribes,  &c.,  is  his  mastery  of  the  languages  of 
the  Indian  tribes,  which  he  considered  essential 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


153 


for  a  real  understanding  of  their  customs  and 
traditions.  He  is  one  of  the  few  ethnologists 
in  whose  hands  one  feels  perfectly  safe  when 
they  describe  and  attempt  to  interpret  the 
religious  ideas  of  savages.  All  the  work  which 
he  has  done  is  sound  and  solid,  and  though, 
owing  to  his  extraordinary  modesty,  his  name  has 
never  become  very  popular,  scholars  have  long 
felt  the  most  sincere  respect  for  him,  on  account 
of  his  learning  and  independent  judgment  as 
well  as  of  his  noble  character. 


SOCIETIES. 
ROYAL— Jan.  21.— Sir  J.  Evans,  Treas.  and  V.P., 
in  the  chair— The  Right  Hon.  Sir  J.  E.  Gorst  was 
admitted  into  the  Society.— The  following  papers 
were  read  :  '  On  Cheirostrobus,  a  New  Type  of 
Fossil  Cone  from  the  Caloiferoua  Sandstone,'  by 
Dr.  D  H.  Scott,— and  '  (1)  Experiments  in  Examina- 
tion of  the  Peripheral  Distribution  of  the  Fibres 
of  the  Posterior  Roots  of  some  Spinal  Nerves, 
Part  II.  ;  (2)  Cataleptoid  Reflexes  in  the  Monkey  ; 
(3)  On  Reciprocal  Innervation  of  Antagonistic 
Muscles,  Third  Note.'  by  Prof  Sherrington. 

Society  of  Antiquaries—  Jan.  14.— Sir  A.  W. 
Franks,  President,  in  the  chair.— This  being  an 
evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows,  no 
papers  were  read.— Mr.  C.  H.  Read  exhibited  a  silver 
dish  of  North-Indian  work.— Mr.  H.  Willett,  through 
the  President,  exhibited  a  curious  painting  by  Cra- 
nach,  representing,  apparently,  Mary,  the  daughter 
of  John  the  Constant,  and  her  brother  John  Ernest. 
—  Mr.  J.  O.  Scott  exhibited  a  full  sized  drawing  of 
part  of  the  Westminster  frontal.— The  President 
referred  to  the  statement  concerning  Peterborough 
Cathedral  which  had  been  circulated  among  the 
Fellows  and  others,  accompanied  by  the  specifica- 
tion which  had  been  kindly  prepared  for  the  Society 
by  the  Society  for  the  Protection  of  Ancient  Build- 
ings. The  Council  unfortuuately  had  not  been  able 
to  submit  the  specification  to  an  engineer  as  they 
had  proposed,  owing  to  the  blank  refusal  of  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  to  allow  any  one  to  examine  the 
front  on  behalf  of  the  Society.— The  followiug 
resolution  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Norman,  seconded 
by  the  Rev.  R.  B.  Gardiner, and  carried  with  only  one 
dissentient:  -'That  the  Society  thanks  the  President 
and  Council  for  the  admirable  way  iu  which  they 
have  taken  action  about  the  west  front  of  Peter- 
borough Cathedral."  —  The  following  gentlemen 
were  elected  Fellows  :  Sir  S.  Montagu,  Rev.  F,  C. 
Hipkins,  Messrs.  W.  A  Littledale,  W.  W.  Watts, 
J.  M.  Mackinlay,  D'Arcy  Power,  and  G.  L.  Beeforth. 

Jan.  21.  — Sir  J.  Evans  in  the  chair.  — Major  B. 
Wilson  exhibited  a  complete  set  of  twelve  painted 
wooden  trenchers  or  roundels  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury in  their  original  box.  — Mr.  P.  Stone  exhibited 
and  described  a  silver-gilt  case  of  mathematical 
instruments,  several  of  unique  character,  made 
by  Barthelmew  Newsam,  clockmaker  to  Queen 
Elizabeth,  who  died  iu  1593.  —  Mr.  A.  Evans 
read  a  paper  on  a  remarkable  hoard  of  gold 
votive  objects  from  Ireland,  recently  acquired  by 
Mr.  R.  Day,  of  Cork,  which  were  exhibited  to  the 
Society.  The  objects  were  found  by  a  ploughman 
insubsoiling  near  the  sea  on  the  north-west  coast 
of  Ireland.  The  relics,  which  were  all  of  gold,  con- 
sisted of  a  small  votive  boat,  with  yards  aud  spars, 
the  place  for  the  mast,  benches  for  eighteen  rowers, 
and  miniature  oars,  grappling  iron,  and  forked  punt- 
ing poles  ;  a  bowl  inteuded  for  suspension  from 
four  rings  ;  two  chains  of  exquisitely  nue  fabric, 
with  remarkable  fastenings  ;  two  twisted  neck  rings 
or  torques  ;  and  a  large  hollow  gold  collar,  with  bold 
repousse  work  designs  of  Celtic  character,  beyond 
question  the  most  magnificent  object  of  the  kind 
ever  discovered.  Examining  the  objects  in  detail, 
Mr.  Evans  maintained  that,  not  to  speak  of  the  very 
satisfactory  nature  of  the  evidence  as  to  the  actual 
finding,  there  was  no  sufficient  reason  for  doubting 
that  the  relics  were  deposited  at  the  same  place  and 
time.  There  were,  it  was  true,  three  classes  of 
objects  :  the  fine  chains,  perhaps  imported  ;  the 
gold  collar  and  torques,  made  probably  by  an  in- 
digenous goldsmith  for  actual  wear  ;  and  the  bowl 
aud  boat  of  thinner  and  paler  gold,  designed  for  a 
purely  votive  purpose.  The  curious  mechanism  of 
the  fastening  of  the  collar  was  compared  with  that 
of  some  gold  torques  found  near  Carcassonne,  dating 
from  the  end  of  the  second  century  BC,  and 
perhaps  part  of  the  celebrated  aurum,  Tolosannm 
carried  off  by  the  Romans  from  the  temple  treasure. 
The  balance  of  evidence,  however,  inclined  to  the 
view  that  the  Irish  torque  belonged  to  the.  first  cen- 
tury of  our  era.  The  fastening  of  the  chains  closely 
resembled  very  late  Ptolemaic  or  early  Egypto- 
Ronian  examples  from  Alexandria.  Air.  Evans 
scouted  the  idea  that  the  bout  necessarily  implied 
a  "Viking"  origin.  In  form  and  details  it  was 
purely  Celtic,  and  it  seemed  to  be  a  rough  model— 


of  the  votive  kind— of  a  ship  with  a  timber  keel  and 
ribs,  but  with  hide-covered  sides,  the  fabric  of  which 
had  been  borrowed  by  Cassar  himself  from  the 
ancient  British  shipbuilders  The  vessel  before 
them,  with  its  yards  and  sails,  was  essentially  an 
ocean-goiug  type,  such  as  had  early  developed  itself 
on  the  Atlantic  shores.  Iu  the  characteristic 
Scandinavian  craft  adapted  for  fiords  and  an  inland 
sea.  oars  were  the  important  feature.  The  deposit 
of  such  a  hoard,  containing  a  miniature  ship,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  sea,  and  on  a  rocky  part  of 
the  coast,  pointed  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  a 
thank-offering  vowed  to  some  marine  divinity  by  an 
ancieut  Irish  sea-king  who  had  escaped  from  the 
perils  of  the  waves.  It  might  well  have  been  dedi- 
cated to  the  Celtic  Neptune,  NuaJa  Necht,  the 
British  Nodens,  whose  temple,  with  illustrations 
of  his  marine  attributes,  had  beeu  discovered  at 
Lydnev,  and  whose  name,  in  its  Welsh  form  "Lud," 
still  survived,  as  associated  with  the  port  of  London, 
in  Ludgate  Hill. 

Numismatic— Jaw.  21.— Sir  J.  Evans,  President, 
in  the  chair.— Mr.  R  Day  was  elected  a  Member  — 
The  Rev.  R.  Baron  von  Hube  exhibited  two  gold 
and  one  silver  British  coins  attributed  to  the  Remi 
aud  the  Iceni,  aud  also  a  two-third  ryal  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  dated  1567,  and  counterstruck  with 
a  thistle.— Mr.  J.  E.  Pritchard  exhibited  a  Dutch  (?) 
medalet,  having  ou  one  side  a  bishop  enthroned 
and  the  legend,  "Hoc  opus  est  Dei,"  and  on 
the  other  the  inscription.  "  Annuciatio  [sic]  Beatse 
Virginis,  1610."— Mr.  T.  Ready  exhibited  a  copper 
coin  of  Mallus,  in  Cilicia,  having  on  the  reverse  a 
seated  figure  of  the  city,  with  river-gods  at  her  feet ; 
the  legend  was  MAA  IEP  TOY  9E0Y  AM3>I- 
AOXOY,  aud  the  date  ET.  ALTO  (=281).-Mr. 
R.  A.  Hobhu  exhibited  a  new  rupee  6truck  for 
Bikanir.-Mr.  F.  Latchmore  gave  an  account  of 
four  coins  of  Burgred  recently  fouud  near 
Hitchin,  aud  also  described  two  silver  sceattaj 
and  two  pennies  of  Offa  and  Alfred  which  had 
been  unearthed  some  little  time  ago  in  the 
same  locality.— Mr.  L.  A.  Lawrence  read  a  paper 
on  a  hoard  of  short -cross  pennies  of  Henry  II., 
Richard  I.,  John,  and  Henry  III.  fouud  in 
France.  Though  the  coins  presented  no  new 
varieties,  except  one  bearing  the  moneyer*s 
name,  "Robert  Vi,"  yet  it  was  of  considerable 
importance,  as  it  conformed  in  every  respect  to 
the  classification  of  the  coins  of  those  reigns  which 
had  been  proposed  iu  1865  by  Sir  John  Evans 
—Mr.  Grueber  read  a  paper  on  the  recent  find  of 
coins  made  at  Crediton,  in  Devonshire.  The  coins, 
which  had  beeu  found  iu  the  ceiling  of  a  room  above 
the  vestry  of  Crediton  Church,  were  1,885  in  number, 
and  consisted  of  shillings  and  sixpences  of  Ed- 
ward VI.,  Philip  and  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  half- 
crowns,  shillings,  aud  sixpences  of  James  I.  and 
Charles  I.,  and  similar  coins,  including  some  crowns 
of  Charles  II.  The  coins  were  all  much  worn,  except 
quite  the  later  pieces,  and  presented  no  new 
varieties  from  those  described  in  Hawkins's'  Silver 
Coinage.'  Amongst  the  coins  of  provincial  mints 
struck  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  there  were 
some  interesting  pieces  of  Bristol,  Oxford,  Shrews- 
bury, and  Weymouth.  The  concealment  of  the 
hoard  must  have  taken  place  about  1685,  as  the 
latest  piece— a  shilling  of  Charles  II. — is  dated  1683, 
aud  its  fine  condition  proved  that  it  had  been  but 
little  in  circulation. 

Zoological.— «/«w.  19.— Dr.  St.  G.  Mivart,  V.P., 
in  the  chair.— The  Secretary  read  a  report  on  the 
additions  made  to  the  menagerie  during  Decem- 
ber last.  He  exhibited  a  set  of  seven  slightly 
enlarged  photographs,  illustrating  the  manner  in 
which  the  rougli-keeled  snake  {Dasypeltts  scabra) 
swallows  an  egg.  These  had  been  taken  from  a 
living  specimen  in  the  Gardens  by  Mr.  R.  F.  Nesbit. 
The  specimen  from  which  the  photographs  had 
been  taken,  measuring  about  28  inches  iu  length, 
was  al>o  exhibited.  He  further  exhibited  a  speci- 
men of  the  Cerastes  viper  ( Cerastes  oormUys)  from 
the  Zoological  Gardens  at  Ghizeh,  which  had 
lately  died  in  the  Gardens.  This  was  the 
specimen,  with  false  horns  made  of  hedge- 
hog spines,  which  had  beeu  alluded  to  in  the  news- 
papers of  the  last  few  weeks.  On  examination  it 
was  found  that  one  of  the  spines  had  been  driven 
through  the  skull  into  the  mouth  of  the  snake,  and 
tins  had  probably  oaused  its  death.  He  besides 
exhibited  a  photograph  of  a  young  anteater  (Myr- 
meoophaga  iubata)  two  days  old,  born  in  the  boo- 
logical  garden  of  Herr  A.  Nill.  at  Stuttgart.  Mr. 
Sclater  remarked  that  this  was  the  first  instance,  so 
far  as  he  knew,  of  this  animal  having  bred  in 
captivity.— A  paper  was  read  by  Lord  Walsingbam, 
'On  a  Revision  of  the  West-Indian  Microlepidoptera, 
with    Descriptions  of    New   Species, '   which    gave  a 

complete  catalogue  of  thespeoiesof  Microlepidoptera 

known  tO OCCUr  in  the  West-Indian  islands,  This  new 
edition  of  a  former  paper  by  Lord  Walsingham, 
published  in  the  Proceeding*  for    1891,  had    beeu 


rendered  necessar}'  by  the  acquisition  of  new  mate- 
rial since  that  date,  and  by  the  publication  of  Mr. 
Meyrick's  new  system  of  classification,  which  in  the 
main  had  been  confirmed  by  the  author  from  inde- 
pendent study.  The  species  enumerated  were  298 
as  compared  with  132  in  the  former  list,  and  the 
number  of  new  genera  characterized  was  18. —Mr. 
F.  E.  Beddard  read  some  notes  on  the  anatomy  of 
the  manatee  (Manatus  inungvis)  lately  living  in 
the  Society's  Gardens.— Dr.  Lindsay  Johnson  read 
a  paper  '  On  the  Ophthalmoscopic  Appearances  of 
the  Fundus  Oculi  in  the  Primates.'  Dr.  Johnson 
had  for  some  considerable  time  past  devoted  him- 
self to  the  careful  examination  of  the  eyes  of 
animals,  using  the  means  commonly  employed  by 
oculists  when  examining  the  human  eye.  He  had 
found  that  the  back  of  the  eye,  when  viewed  with 
the  opthalmoscope,  presented  different  appearances 
in  various  animals.  He  showed  that  the  eye  of  the 
negro  only  differed  from  that  of  the  European 
iu  colour-that  the  higher  apes  closely  resembled 
man  in  having  binocular  vision,  and  alone 
had  the  so-called  macula  lutea,  or  yellow 
spot,  which  is  the  seat  of  acute  vision.  In  the 
lemurs  aud  galagos  the  back  of  the  eye  differed 
entirely  from  that  of  the  true  monkeys,  showing  no 
macula.  The  galagos,  which  are  night  auimals,  had, 
instead  of  a  red  or  brown  fundus,  a  brilliant  golden- 
yellow  background  to  the  eye.  The  paper  was  illus- 
trated bv  a  large  number  of  coloured  drawings. — 
Mr.  Lydekker  described  certain  deer  of  the  Cervus 
sica  group.living  iu  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  menagerie 
at  Woburn  Three  of  these  he  referred  to  C. 
hortulorum,  Swiuhoe,  a  species  which  had  hitherto 
been  regarded  as  iuseparable  from  C.  ?nanchuricus. 
This  latter  appeared  to  be  only  a  larger  race  of  C. 
sica  ;  C.  dybowskii  being  also  inseparable.  C  man- 
darinns,  Milne-Edwards,  was  a  ufstinct  form, as  was 
also  the  Formosan  C.  taevanus.—A  communication 
was  read  from  Mr.  Guy  A.  K.  Marshall  on  the  butter- 
flies of  the  genus  Teracolus.  The  geographical 
distribution  of  the  genus  was  described,  aud  sevent)'- 
two  species  were  enumerated,  two  of  which  were 
described  as  new. 


Entomological.— Jan  20—  Annual  Meeting.— 
Prof.  R.  Meldola,  President,  in  the  chair.— An 
abstract  of  the  Treasurer's  accounts,  showing  a 
balance  in  the  Society's  favour,  having  beeu  read 
by  one  of  the  auditors,  Mr.  H.  Goss  read  the  report 
of  the  Council.  It  was  then  anuouueed  that  the 
following  had  been  elected  officers  and  Council  for 
1S97  :  President,  Mr.  R.  Trimeu  ;  Treasurer,  Mr. 
R.  McLachlan  ;  Secretaries,  Mr.  W.  F.  H.  Blaud- 
ford  aud  Mr.  F.  Merrifield  ;  Librarian.  Mr.  G.  C. 
Champion  ;  aud  as  other  Members  of  the  Council, 
Canon  Fowler,  Mr.  H.  Goss,  Sir  G.  F.  Hamp- 
sou,  Herr  M.  Jacobv,  Prof.  R.  Meldola,  Mr. 
O.  Salvin,  Mr.  J.  W.  Tutt,  and  Mr.  G  H.  Verrall.— 
The  President  then  delivered  an  address  upon  '  The 
Utility  of  Specific  Characters  from  the  Point  of 
View  of  the  Darwinian  Theory.'  His  remarks  had 
reference  to  the  paper  on  this  subject,  read  last 
June  before  the  Liuuean  Society,  by  Dr.  A.  R. 
Wallace  and  the  subsequent  discussiou.  Prof. 
Meldola  pointed  out  that  the  question  of  "  utility," 
as  necessitated  by  the  theory  of  natural  selection, 
had  hitherto  beeu  made  to  depend  too  exclusively 
upon  external  and  visibly  manifest  utility,  a  re- 
striction which  he  did  not  believe  to  be  warranted 
by  facts.  He  argued  in  favour  of  a  counexion  of 
the  nature  of  correlation  between  apparently  trivial 
external  characters  and  latent  physiological  cha- 
racters of  great  importance  to  the  welfare  of  the 
species.  From  this  poiut  of  view  it  was  contended 
that  the  diagnostic  characters  used  for  purposes  of 
description  did  not  truly  represent  the  sum  total  of 
tbe  characters  which  must  be  regarded  as  specific. 
The  President  concluded  by  referring  to  the  losses 
by  death  during  the  year  of  several  Fellows  of  the 
Society  and  other  entomologists,  special  mention 
being  made  of  Mr.  A.  B.  Olhff.  Mr.  K.  Armitage, 
IU,  Mr.  P.  Inchbald.  Miss  G.  E.  Ormerod,  M. 
Auguste  Salle.  Mr.  A.  Dowsett,  Herr  J.  Flohr,  Mr. 
J.  Chappell.  and  Dr.  Morawitz. 

Chemical.— Jan.  21.— Mr.  A.  G.  Vernon  Ilar- 
OOUrt,  President,  in  the  chair.— The  following  papers 
were  read  :  '  Observations  on  the  Properties  of  some 
Highly  Purified  Substances,  by  Mr  W.  A.  Shenstonc, 
—  'Action  of  Diastase  on  Starch,'  Part  HI,  by 
Messrs  A.  R.  Ling  and  J.  L.  Raker,-'  The  Solution- 
Density  and  Cupric- Reducing  Power  of  Dextrose, 
Levulose,  ami  Invert  Sugar'  bv  Mr.  H.I.  Brown, 
Dr.  G.  II.  Morris,  and  Mr.  ,1.  II  Millar,-'  Halogen- 
Substituted  Acidic  Thiooarbimidesand  their  Deriva- 
tives a  Contribution  to  the  Chemistry  of  the  Tluo- 
hydantoitiP,'  by  Dr.  A.  K.  Dixon,— -The  Amy!  (Sec- 
butylmethyl)  Derivatives  of  Glyceric,  Dtaoetyl- 
glyceric  and  Dibenaoylglyoerio  Acids.  Active  and 
Inactive,' by  Dr.  P.  Franklandaod  Mr.  T.s.  I'nce, 

'On    the  Wide   Dissemination  of    some  of   the 

Rarer  Elements  and  the  Mode  of  their  Association 
in  Common  Ores  aud  Minerals,'  by  Messrs.  W.  N. 


[54 


THE     ATHENE  TIM 


X°3614,  J.\s\  .'10,  '97 


Hartley  and  II.  EUunage,  — sad  'Derivatives  of 
tfaolurin,'  Pari  ll„  bj  Mr.  A.  »;.  Perkia. 

[HBTITUTION    OK   ClVII,     K.NC  I  N  KKItS.— Jan.    26  — 

Mr  i  W.  Barry,  President,  Id  the  ohair.— The  paper 
read  was '  On  tne  Diversion  of  the  Perijar,'  by  OoL 
.1.  Pennyouiok.  Phe  paper  wu  supplemented  l>v 
an  aeoonnt  of  '  The  reriyar  Tunnel,'  by  Mr.  P.  U 
Allen.  

BooiSTX  01  kvn.— Jan.  2.">— Mr.  J.  B.  Neville 
in  the  ohair.—  Mr.  W.  Barton  delivered  the  second 
lecture  of  his  course  of  run  tor  Lectures  'On  Material 
and  Design  in  Pottery.1 

Jan.  26.  —  Mr.  L.  V.  Day  in  the  ohair.— A  paper 
■On  the  Artistic  Treatment  of  Heraldry'  was  read 
before  the  Applied  Art  Section  by  Mr.  \V.  H.  St.  John 
Hope.    The  paper  was  fully  illustrated  by  drawings, 

casts,  and  a  fine  series  of  lantern  slides. — A  discus- 
sion followed,  in  which  Messrs.  J.  Leighton,  11. 
Btannus,  and  \\\  Craoe,  and  the  Chairman  took  part. 
Jan.  27.  — Dr.  II.  Parry  in  the  chair. — A  paper'  On 
Voice  Production  '  was  read  hy  Mr.  W.  Nicholl,  and 
was  practically  and  musically  illustrated. 


Historical. — Jan.  21.— Sir  M.  E.  Grant  Duff, 
President,  in  the  chair.— The  following  gentlemen 
were  elected  Fellows  :  Messrs.  P.  Earle,  J.  J. 
Downes,  J.  B.  Hatt,  and  C.  J.  Munich.— A  paper 
was  read  by  Major  M.  A.  S.  Hume  '  On  some  Sur- 
vivors of  the  Armada,'  being  a  collection  of  narra- 
tives, from  authentic  Spanish  sources,  of  the  remark- 
able adventures  and  terrible  sufferings  of  the 
Spanish  crews  shipwrecked  on  the  Irish  coasts. — 
A  discussion  followed,  in  which  Prof.  J.  K.  Laughton 
and  Mr.  M.  Oppeuheim  took  part. 

Physical.— Ja n.  22.— Prof.  Ayrtorj,  V.P.,  in  the 
chair. — Mr.  Croft  gave  an  exhibition  of  an  in- 
genious form  of  clip  to  fit  on  an  upright  retort 
stand.— Mr.  E.  C.  Baly  read  a  paper  '  On  the  Pas- 
sage of  Electricity  through  Gases.' 


Wed. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 
Victoria  Institute,  4J.—  raper  by  Dr  J.  D.  Macdonald. 
Loudon    Institution,  5.  — 'John  Wesley,   some  Aspects  of   the 

Eighteenth  Century,'  Mr.  A.  Birrell. 
Royal  Institution.  5. -General  Monthly. 
Engineers,  73.-'!  he  President's  Inaugural  Address 
Carlyle.  7a  —  'On  a  Social  Expeiimeut  in  Holland,' Mr.  Jastr- 

zebski. 
Society    of    Arts,    8.  —  '  Material     and     Design    in    Pottery,' 

Lecture  III..  Mr.  W.  Burton.    (Cantor  Lecture  ) 
Institute  of   British  Architects,  8.  —  '  The  Sculptor's    Archi- 
tecture of  the  Renaissance,'  Mr.  A.  Gilbert. 
Royal  Institution.  3  — '  Animal  Electricity,"  Prof.  A  D.  Waller. 
Society  of  Arts.  8— "The    Progress    of    the   British  Colonial 
Empire  during  the  past  5>ixty  Years  of  Her  Majesty's  Reign,' 
Sir  C.  W  Dilke. 
Biblical    Archeology,    8  —  '  The    Prophecy    of    the    Servant, 

Isaiah  lii  .  liii  ,'   Rev   C  J.  Ball 
Civil  Engineers.  8  -Ballot  for  Members;  Discussion  on  'The 

Diversion  of  the  Periyar  ' 
Zoological,  8a.— •  General  Account  of  his  Expedition  to  the  North 
Pacific,'  Mr.  G.  E  H  Barrett-Hamilton;  -Catalogue  of  the 
Reptiles  and  1'atrachians  of  Celebes,  with  Special  Reference 
to  the  Collections  made  by  Dru  P.  and  F  Sarasin  in  18K3- 
1896,'  Mr  G.  A  Boulenger  ;  'Fuither  Contributions  to  the 
Knowledge  of  the  Phytophagous  Coleoptera  of  Africa,  in- 
cluding Madagascar,'  Mr  M  Jaeoby. 
Archaeological  Institute,  4.  — '  Viiconium,'  Part  II.,  Mr.  G.  E. 

Fox 
Society  of    Arts,  8— 'The  Recommendations    of   the  Recess 
Committee  for  the  Development  of  Ireland's  Industrial  Re- 
sources,'Right  Hon.  R  P.unkett. 
Geological,  8.        The    Subgenera  Petalograptus  and  Cephalo- 
graptus,'  Miss  G.  L    Lllcs;   'Superficial  Deposits  in  Cutch,' 
Rev.  J.  I*'  Blake.  'Coal:  a  New  Explanation  of  its  Forma- 
I  ion,  or  tho  Phenomena  of  a  New  F06S1I  Plant  considered  with 
Reference  to  the    Origin,  Composition,  and    Formation  of 
Coal  Beds,'  Mr  W.  S  Gresley. 
Entomological.  8. — 'Seasonal  Dimorphism    in  African   Butter- 
flies,' Dr  A   G.  Butler 
5.  Royal  Institution,  3. —  'Some  Secrets  of  Crystals,'  Prof.  H.  A. 
Miers. 
Royal,  4j. 
Loudon   Institution,  6.  — 'The   Dwelling -House,'  Prot  G.  V. 

Poore. 
Society  of  Arts,  8.—' The  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold,' Lec- 
ture II.,  Prof  J.  A,  Ewing     1  Howard  Lecture.) 
Linnean,  8.^*  A  Revision   of    the  Tribe  Naucieie  (Nat.  Ord. 
Rubiaceu1),'  Dr.  G   1)  Haviland  ;  '  A  Contribution  to  the  His- 
tory of  New  Zealand  Echinoderms,'  Mr  H    Fuiquhar. 
Chemical,  8.—' The  Oxidation  of  Nitrogen,'  Lord  Rayleigh  ;  and 

several  other  Papers. 
Antiquaries,   8}.  — '  Pre-Norman  Stone  found  at  Leek,   Staffs,' 
Mr  C.  Lynam  ;  '  Wooden  Lantern!?)  of  the  Thirteenth  Cen- 
tury   at  Wells    Cathedral,'    Rev.    canon    Church;    'On    the 
Derivation  of    the   Battleaxe.   the    I'hrowing-stick,   and  the 
Boomerang    from     the    Ribs    of    Cetacea,'    Prof.    M  Kenny 
Hughes. 
Geologists'  Association,   7J  —Annual    General    Meeting  ;    Pre- 
sident's Anuual  Address,  'The  Evidence  for  the  l'reaence  of 
Man  in  the  Tertiary  Period.' 
Royal  Institution,  I).  —  'The  Picturesque  in  History,'  the  Bishop 

of  Loudon. 
Royal  Institution,   3.  — '  Neglected  Italian    and  French    Com- 
posers,' Mr.  C.  Armbmstcr. 


FINE    ARTS 


The  Castles  of  England.  By  Sir  J.  B.  Mac- 
kenzie, Bart.  2  vols.  (Ileinemann.) 
The  author  of  this  work  has  selected  a  noblo 
subject  for  his  theme,  a  subject  which,  as 
Dr.  Jessopp  has  observed  in  tho  quaint  motto 
prefixed  to  these  volumes,  possesses  an  irro- 
sistible  fascination.  But  he,  very  sensibly, 
does  not  allow  it  to  betray  him  into  gusts  of 


rhetoric.      Ho  assumos  that  every  intelligent 
reader  is  aware  of  the  important  part  that 
cafitlos  have  played  in  history,  and  lie  eon- 
lines  himself  to  taking  them  one  by  one,  and 
giving  us  briefly  "their  story  and  structure." 
There  was  not  only  room,  there  was  real 
need,  for  an  exhaustive  account  of  Engli-h 
castles.     So  scattered  is  the  work  of  archaeo- 
logists among  journals  and  transactions  that 
it  is  a  matter  of  great  difficulty  to  find  what 
has  been  written  on  a  given  castle,  while 
the  only  really  comprehensive  book,  Clark's 
'  Mediaeval   Military  Architecture,'  is   itself 
a  mere  collection  of  papers  which  appeared 
separately,  and   is   sadly  lacking  in  unity. 
What  is,  above  all,  wanted  by  the  student 
of  a   long-neglected    subject   is  the   means 
of  comparing  castles  with  one  another,  the 
most   hopeful   method    here   of    increasing 
our  knowledge.     It  is,  therefore,  peculiarly 
vexing    for    his     purpose     to     find    in    a 
text-book  like   that  of    Mr.    Clark  only   a 
limited     number    of   castles.      It    is    here 
that  the   author  of  the  work  before  us  has 
rendered    some    service    by    including,    so 
far   as  possible,   all  castles   extant   or   de- 
stroyed.    To  include  them,  however,  is  but 
the  first  step.     It  is  obviously  required  that 
the  author  should  possess  a  competent  know- 
ledge of  history,  and  that  he  should  have 
made  some  real  study  of  ground  plans  and 
masonry — that,  in  short,   he  should  have  a 
grip  of  his  subject.     We  do  not  know  what 
proofs  had  been  given  by  Sir  James  Mac- 
kenzie of  a  special  aptitude  for  writing  on 
castles ;    nor  is   it  obvious  in  the  volumes 
before  us. 

Mr.  Clark's  work  has  naturally  been 
taken  as  the  basis  of  these  volumes,  in 
which  some  of  his  valuable  plans  have  been 
incorporated  by  permission.  The  author, 
however,  who  has  added  others,  has  en- 
deavoured to  learn  all  that  is  known  about 
the  structures  of  which  he  treats  by  wide 
reading  among  archaeological  books  and 
journals,  of  which  he  supplies  a  useful 
bibliography.  But  even  a  glance  reveals 
that  it  is  not  so  complete  as  might  be 
wished.  A  specialist  article  on  '  English 
Castles'  which  appeared  in  the  Quarterly 
Review  (1894)  would  have  proved  useful  to 
the  author,  while  among  local  works  we 
may  mention  Mr.  Maxwell  Lyte's  '  Dunster 
and  its  Lords,'  a  work  on  Walmer,  useful 
for  its  castle  and  those  of  Deal  and  San- 
down,  and  'The  History  and  Antiquities  of 
Colchester  Castle,'  as  instances  of  books 
which  ought  to  have  been  consulted.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  author  might  have  kept 
clear  of  the  credulous  Stukeley  and  his 
fantasies,  in  which  case,  perhaps,  he  would 
not  have  begun  his  account  of  Bedford 
Castle  with  the  fatal  words  "Richard  of 
Cirencester." 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  there  is 
not  any  general  introduction,  such  as  would 
greatly  have  added  to  the  value  of  a  work  of 
this  character.  The  brief  prefaco  affords  little 
information,  and  its  statement  that,  "  with 
the  exception  of  some  stonework  at  Corfe, 
there  remains  probably  no  masonry  of  any 
castles  dating  prior  to  the  Conquest,"  is 
scarcely  in  harmony  with  what  is  said  of 
Dover  or  with  the  assertion  that  Richard's 
Castle  "  is  remarkable  as  having  been  pos- 
sessed and  built  by  a  Norman  lord,  one 
Richard  Fitz-Scrob,  of  tho  Court  of  the  Con- 
fessor, beforo  the  Conquest."    The  truo  be- 


ginning of  Richard's  Castle  is  a  question, 
one  may  add,  of  some  importance.  Mr.  Clark 
is  responsible  for  certain  contradictions  in 
the  account  here  given   of    the    Tower   of 
London,  but    surely  not    for   the    author's 
error    in   confusing    the    later  "  Baynard's 
Castle"    with  the   earlier    fortress   of    the 
lords  of  Dunmow,  which  stood  on  another 
site.     It  may  be  gathered  from  the  preface 
that  Sir  James  Mackenzie  has  grasped  that 
essential   distinction   between  the  keep  and 
the  works   surrounding  it  which   Mr.  Clark 
and  his  predecessors  ignored,  and  for  lack 
of  which  they  were  sometimes  misled.     The 
most  striking  instance  of  this  is  at  Rochester, 
one  of  the  most  stately  and  most  familiar  of 
Norman  strongholds.  It  marked  an  advance 
in  the  study  of  castles  when  Mr.  Hartshome 
proved  (though,  indeed,   it  ought  to  have 
been  obvious)  that    its   keep  was   not  the 
work  of  Gundulf,  but  was  erected  between 
1126    and    1139.     This  has  long   been   re- 
cognized by  archaeologists,    although   they 
have   perversely   sought   to   account   for   a 
keep    (turn's)   built   by  Gundulf   when   he 
is     only     said     to     have     built     a    "  cas- 
trum."     The    author    repeats   this  strange 
error,  although,  as  the  Rev.  Orevile  Livett 
has    shown    independently    in    an    admir- 
able monograph,  what  Gundulf  really  built 
was  the  now  surrounding  wall.     Sir  James 
here  suggests   that    "it   is  possible"   that 
Gundulf  (d.  1108)   "  should  [sic']  have  fur 
nished    the    plans   of    the    mighty   keep." 
Nay,    he   even  tells   us,   under   Colchester, 
that     Gundulf    was    probably    "  the   cleric 
architect   of    the     Towers    of    London  and 
Rochester "  ;    while    under  Hedingham   he 
asserts    that   both  these   fortresses    "were 
built  by  the  direct  order  of  the  Conqueror." 
This,  it  will  be  seen,  is  not  an  advance,  but 
a  distinct  retrogression,  on  previous  work. 
A  good  illustration  of  this  is  found  in  the 
account  of  Dover  Castle.     The  author  here 
follows  Mr.  Clark  in  the   double  error  of 
assigning  the  remarkable  attack  on  the  castle 
in  1067  to  1074  (it  becomes,  indeed,  1174  in 
his  pages)  and  of  making  Bishop  Odo  relieve 
the    fortress,    and    himself    introduces    the 
fresh   one    of   making  Walchelin  Maminot 
surrender    it    in    1137     "to    the    Empress 
Maud"!      The   worst   of   it   is   that   these 
errors  are  in  places  the  result  of  sheer  care- 
lessness.    Thus  in  the  case  of  the  mighty 
house  of   Clare  we   read  that   the  Earl  of 
Hertford  was  "styled  Earl  of  Herndford," 
that   his   relative    the   Earl   of    Pembroke 
was  "Earl  of  Ogie,"  and  that  their  ancestor 
Richard   FitzGilbert  was   the   Conqueror's 
"  half-brother."     So,  too,  with  the  house  of 
Malet,    eminent   among  the    Conquistadores. 
Eye,  we  learn,  was  given  to  "  Robert  de  [«/V] 
Malet,   son    of     that    Robert   who    accom- 
panied  Duke   William    from   Normandy." 
His  re.il  father,  of  course,  was  that  "  Wil- 
liam  Malet,  the   famous  warrior  of    Duke 
William's  army,"  of  whom  we  read  under 
Enmore,  which,  by  the  way,   we  are  here 
told,  "  before  the  Conquest  belonged  to  a 
Norman  family  named  Courcelle."     It  was, 
on  the  contrary,  this  family,  not  the  Malets, 
which    obtained   it    at  the  Conquest.     The 
confusion  as  to  Hereward,  under  Bourne,  is 
hopeless;    while    "Roger    de    Poictou,    to 
whom  the  Conqueror  gifted  [sic]  398  Eng- 
lish   manors,"    is    actually    made,    in   one 
breath,  to  fight    at    the    battle   of    Senlac 
in  1066,  and  to  lose  his  lands  "in  the  time 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


155 


of  Stephen,"  some  eighty  years  later.  It 
would  not  be  necessary  to  criticize  this  work 
so  severely,  had  it  not  already  been  widely 
advertised  as  unapproached  by  any  that  had 
preceded  it  in  "  accuracy  "  and  "  erudition." 
Such  is  modern  criticism. 

The  number  of  the  castles  here  dealt  with 
has  made  it  impossible  to  supply  details  of 
their  "structure,"  which  is  made  subor- 
dinate to  their  "  story."  The  author  follows 
Mr.  Clark  and  Mr.  Parker  in  holding  that 
"the  earliest  Norman  military  structure 
is  probably  St.  Leonard's  Tower  at  West 
Mailing,  in  Kent "  ;  but  the  excellent  photo- 
graph which  goes  with  his  description 
enables  us  to  see  that  this  important 
building  differed  distinctly  from  a  normal 
"keep,"  and  has  much  in  common  with 
"  Grundulf's  Tower  "  at  Rochester  Cathedral, 
which  has  been  described  by  Mr.  Hope. 
Mr.  Livett,  we  believe,  has  made  some 
important  discoveries  as  to  this  Mailing 
tower.  It  is  provoking,  after  all  that  has 
been  written  on  the  subject,  to  find  another 
very  early  stronghold,  the  vast  keep  of  Col- 
chester, again  assigned  to  Eudes  of  Rye,  to 
whom,  we  read,  "  the  Conqueror  granted  all 
his  own  rights  in  Colchester."  Those  rights 
were  granted  not  by  the  Conqueror,  but  by 
Henry  I.,  and  the  keep  had  been  built, 
under  the  Crown,  before  that  grant  was 
made.  Under  Dover  we  read  that  the 
second  floor  of  its  noble  keep  "  had  two 
tiers  of  windows,  as  at  London,  Rochester, 
and  Hedingham."  The  same  assertion  will 
be  found  in  Mr.  Clark's  description  of  the 
castle ;  but  these  two  tiers,  a  distinctive 
feature  at  Rochester  and  Hedingham,  are 
not  found  at  the  Tower.  One  hesitates, 
without  seeing  the  keep,  to  question  the 
statement  as  to  Dover,  but  it  is  noteworthy 
that  the  large  coupled  windows  are  found 
at  Dover  at  the  third  stage,  but  at  the 
fourth  in  the  Tower  of  London.  One  is 
tempted,  therefore,  to  ask  whether  the  third 
floor  at  Dover  may  not  have  really  been  two 
floors,  of  which  the  uppermost  had  only 
loops.  The  keep,  as  Mr.  Clark  observed, 
needs  to  be  cleared  out. 

These  volumes  also  fail  at  times,  for  the 
present  day  as  for  the  Norman  period,  to 
be  up  to  date.  Careswell  is  described  as 
belonging  "  now  to  the  Duke  of  Cleveland," 
while  the  stately  seat  of  Skipton  Castle  is 
said  to  have  "  continued  till  lately  "  in  the 
possession  of  Sir  Henr}'  Jaques  Tuf  ton.  It  is 
still  according  to  the  peerages  the  seat  of  that 
gentleman  (Lord  Hothfield  since  1881),  who 
is  here  oddly  styled  the  "descendant  and 
representative "  of  the  former  owners. 
Enough  has  been  said  to  show  that,  while 
this  is  a  book  for  "  the  drawing-room  table," 
the  letterpress  is  devoid  of  all  historical  or 
archaeological  value.  The  illustrations,  how- 
ever, which  are  from  photographs,  will 
doubtless  be  attractive  to  many,  though 
they  are  of  somewhat  unequal  merit. 


THE     SOCIETY   OF   PAINTERS   IN    WATER    COLOURS. 
SPECIAL   EXHIBITION. 

The  "Old  Society" — justly  so  called,  beciu.se 
it  is  now  nearly  a  hundred  years  since  its  first 
exhibition  was  opened — has  closed  its  winter 
exhibition  at  an  earlier  date  than  usual,  in  order 
to  put  before  the  public,  for  a  few  weeks  only, 
a  most  brilliant  collection  of  drawings  by  its 
lately  deceased  members,  Lord  Leighton,  and 
Mr.  A.  W.  Hunt,  Mr.  G.  A.  Fripp,  Mr.  A.  D. 


Fripp,  Mr.  E.  K.  Johnson,  Mr.  R.  Beavis,  and 
Mr.  G.  Du  Maurier.  It  is  so  fine  an  exhibition 
that  the  reputation  of  the  Society  will  un- 
doubtedly be  enhanced  by  this  the  first 
display  of  the  kind  that  has  occurred 
in  this  gallery.  Owing,  doubtless,  to  there 
being  already  two  collections  of  Leighton's 
works  open  to  the  public,  the  Society's  field  of 
choice  was  extremely  restricted  ;  nevertheless, 
we  hoped  to  find  more  here.  There  are  but  two 
drawings  of  importance  :  A  Study  (No.  270), 
a  gift  from  Mr.  Huish,  of  the  Fine-Art  Society, 
which  really  adorns  Screen  1,  and  The  Death  of 
the  First-Bom  (98),  a  beautiful  and  learned 
design,  which  is  marked  by  the  best  qualities  of 
the  late  President's  work.  It  was  made  for  a 
book  illustration,  and,  as  such,  it  is  of  the  first 
class.  In  frame  No.  97  there  are  some  Sketches 
by  the  same  hand. 

The  attractiveness  of  the  collection  is  largely 
due  to  the  sixty  lovely  drawings  by  A.  W. 
Hunt,  and,  there  being  more  than  double  the 
number  of  his  works  in  the  same  medium  (none 
in  oil)  at  the  Burlington  Club,  our  admiration 
for  his  powers,  resources,  and  industry  is  greatly 
increased.  The  very  considerable  array  of  fine 
drawings  by  the  brothers  Fripp  also  deserves 
the  attention  of  those  who  admire  accomplished 
and  original  art.  Mr.  E.  K.  Johnson's  reputa- 
tion will  be  enhanced  by  the  best  of  his  works 
before  us,  for  they  prove  that,  despite  too 
obvious  mannerisms  and  his  weakness  as  a 
designer,  he  could  produce  charming  pictures  ; 
and  R.  Beavis  will  at  least  lose  nothing  by  the 
present  display,  although  the  selection  had, 
perhaps,  better  have  been  less  numerous.  The 
specimens  in  colours  by  Du  Maurier  suffice  to 
prove  that,  clever  as  he  was  as  a  sketch er  with 
the  pen,  his  pictorial  abilities  were  surprisingly 
limited. 

It  is  certainly  a  pity  that  the  works  of  each 
painter  are  not  placed  together,  as  they  might 
quite  well  have  been ;  but  we  shall  endeavour  to 
notice  the  best  specimens  of  each  artist  sepa- 
rately and  briefly.  The  first  pictures  that  catch 
the  visitors  eye  when  he  enters  the  gallery 
are  Hunt's  impressive  mountain  study  The 
Miner's  Path,  Coniston  (1)  ;  Cumberland 
Fells  (2),  which  illustrates  what  seems  to 
us  the  perfection  of  rock  drawing  and  the 
most  felicitous  touch,  firm  and  forthright, 
combined  with  a  complete  repertory  of  tints 
and  very  rare  greys  ;  and  Robin  Hood's  Bay 
(3),  the  first  of  a  number  of  exquisite  studies 
from  the  same  neighbourhood.  No.  3  excels 
most  of  them  in  the  beauty  and  delicacy  of  its 
aerial  tints,  in  its  harmonies  of  tone  and  tint,  and 
its  wonderful  grading.  Robin  Hood's  Bay  (10) 
is  in  most  of  its  elements  almost  as  good, 
and  it  is,  if  possible,  still  more  subtle  in  its 
coloration  and  tonality.  No.  11,  with  the 
same  title,  presents  one  of  the  finest  instances 
of  aerial  spaciousness  that  Hunt  produced.  The 
massive  breadth  and  consummate  delicacy  of 
No.  15,  another  Robin  Hood's  Bay,  even  surpass 
what  we  knew  the  artist  could  achieve  when 

Weaving  t lie  aerial  fabric  of  the  light. 
In  Glen  Loch  (17)  there  is  rock  drawing  and 
painting  fit  to  rival  those  of  'Cumberland 
Fells,'  and  the  bronze-coloured  pool  is,  in  its 
way,  most  impressive.  This  picture  also  merits 
praise  for  its  success  in  what  used  to  be  called 
"  pencilling,"  and  is  among  the  most  solid  of 
Hunt's  performances. 

The  seven  proper  colours  chorded 

are  exquisitely  shown  in  Sunlit  Itaint  Work- 
worth  (22),  in  which  the  veil  of  mist  is  delineated 
with  the  purest  tints.  The  Abbey  Lands  (87), 
part  of  the  Whitby  coast,  is  depicted  as  if 
it  were  a  huge  matrix  opal.  The  greys  are 
marvellously  varied,  and  the  breadth  and  har- 
moniousness  of  the  whole  work  are  most  striking. 
The  shadows  here,  as  well  as  in  No.  96,  Sonning, 
Early  Summer,  though  as  soft  and  broad  as  they 
well  can  be,  are  so  charged  with  light  reflected 
from  the  neighbouring  brighter  parts  of  the  scene 
that  we  are  sure   that   not  even  Turner  could 


have  reproduced  their  charm  more  faithfully  or 
more  subtly.  Our  notice  of  Hunt's  works  here 
must  conclude  with  calling  attention  to  his 
Sonning  (6),  Near  Carnedd  Dafydd  (13),  The 
Parthenon  in  sunlight  (18),  Berne  (27),  Barn- 
borough  from  the  South  (36;,  Rokeby  (104), 
Grass'e  (256),  and  Schloss  Eltz  (300).  The  last 
is  not  the  finest  and  most  powerful  drawing  of 
this  noble  subject  that  Hunt  produced,  yet, 
except  in  firmness,  solidity,  and  clearness,  it 
comes  very  near  to  being  so.  Space  will  not 
allow  us  to  dwell  upon  the  beauty  of  a  score 
more  of  his  drawings. 

After  Hunt's,  the  most  charming  works 
in  this  gallery  are  those  of  George  Fripp. 
It  is  true  they  are  different,  they  are 
much  less  resplendent,  nor  do  they  pos- 
sess the  same  variety  or  fascination,  yet 
they  are  extremely  fine  and  original.  Fripp's 
firm  drawing,  his  extraordinary  skill  in  fore- 
shortening, as  well  as  the  breadth  and  sim- 
plicity of  his  style  made  his  art  classical,  in 
the  best  sense  of  a  much  abused  term.  The 
early  Kidwelly  Castle  (77)  is  quite  one  of  his 
masterpieces  ;  so  solid  and  simple  is  its  style,  so 
broad  and  pure  its  colour,  that,  as  we  said  of 
it  when  exhibited  here  some  years  ago,  no  con- 
noisseur would  hesitate  to  say  that  it  might  de- 
light a  painter  of  ancient  Greece.  The  fresco-like 
purity  and  brilliant  harmonies  of  Fripp's  tonality 
and  colouring  are  conspicuous  in  this  most 
remarkable  instance  of  the  manner  in  which  a 
painter  can,  without  ceasing  to  be  true  to  nature, 
so  ennoble  every  element  of  his  subject  as  to 
become  almost  an  eclectic,  and  yet  in  no  way 
depart  from  veracity.  On  a  few  inches  of  paper 
Fripp  could  depict  the  expansiveness  of  a  vast 
lake  or  moorland,  the  ruggedness  of  a  storm- 
beaten  hillside,  or  the  serene  reach  of  a  sunlit 
river.  Scuir  na  Gillian,  Isle  of  Skye  (99),  a 
group  of  rugged  peaks,  a  stream  of  the  colour  of 
steel,  and  a  wide  moor,  all  seen  in  pearly  light, 
is  a  perfect  example  of  Fripp's  power  of  work- 
ing in  this  manner.  Indeed,  nothing  could 
be  broader  or  purer.  Corrie  Etichan  (101)  ; 
On  the  Coupee,  Sark  (102),  a  well-known 
and  very  fine  example  ;  Burton  Pool, 
Sussex  (103)  ;  Castle  Urquhart  (109) ;  Glen 
Coe  (110)  ;  Windmill,  Evening  (113)  ;  A 
Hay  -  Cart  (114)  ;  Steeple  Farm  (119),  which 
in  its  beautiful  style  and  spaciousness  suggests 
David  Cox;  Cleeve  Mill  (132),  a  tender  and 
perfectly  solid  drawing  ;  Loch  Ein  (178)  ;  and 
Kilchurn  Castle  (184),  one  of  Fripp's  most 
characteristic  productions,  which  is  notable  for 
the  drawing  of  the  crenellated  peaks  of  the 
middle  distance,  may  be  mentioned  to  show, 
not  only  the  subjects  which  the  artist  most 
affected,  but  also  his  power  to  deal  with  them 
in  his  own  fine,  grave,  and  learned  manner.  It 
may  be  said  of  him  that,  although  his  scale 
of  tints  and  tones  was  unusually  limited,  he 
was  a  fine  colourist,  a  master  of  light  and 
shade,  and  an  exquisite  and  searching  draughts- 
man. Yet  few  have  been  more  reserved  in 
the  use  he  made  of  the  resources  of  the  palette, 
and  his  art  is  artistic  in  a  very  high  degree. 

Slight  departures  from  his  characteristic 
methods  may  be  noticed  in  a  noble  fresco-like 
picture  of  Manorbeer  Castle  (188),  and  still 
more  distinctly  in  the  very  fine  Lyntvn  (190) 
and  In  the  Vale  of  Nant-Francon  (192),  where 
the  shadow  projected  athwart  the  vista  of  the 
rocky  pass  is  a  fine  example  of  Fripp's  feeling 
for  nature,  while  the  foreshortening  of  the  hill- 
side shows  draughtsmanship  of  a  remarkable 
kind.  To  these  capital  examples  should  be 
added  Farm  Buildings  al  Sonning  (100),  Swale 
Vale  (115),  Egghstone  Abbey  (117),  and  On  the 
Coast  of  Sark  (189). 

Very  different  from  the  methods  and  moods 
of  his  brother  were  those  of  Alfred  Downing 
Fripp.  He  is  quite  as  well  represented  here  as 
we  could  hope,  and  his  works,  although  with- 
out the  classic  dignity  and  reticence  which 
distinguish  the  art  of  his  senior,  assure  him 
by  their  breadth  and  grace,  their  harmony  and 


150 


ATHENyKUM 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


softness,  mi  equal  plane  in  our  regard.  The 
earliest  <>f  liis  noteworthy  contributions  is 
No.  206,  'I'lu  BUnd  Piper,  which  oom 
bines,  aa  all  liis  works  of  the  same  epoch 
did,  the  faults,  and  bui  few  <>f  the  merits,  of 
(!.  Oattermole  and  Bdaclise,  and  hardly  suggests 

the  after  career  of  the  painter.  In  the, 
serene  and  beautiful  sentiment  <>f  Prawn 
Fithert  (220),  two  men  pulling  their  boat  up 
the  beach  of  Lulworth  Oove,  which  Pripp 
warmly  loved  and  often  painted,  we  have  some 

of  the  dignity  and  poetry  of  Samuel  Palmer. 

Harlech  Cuttle  (217),  though  good,  is  not  up 
to  the  mark  of  such  tine  efforts  as  Old  Harry, 
Stoanage  (166).  Durdle  Door  (1(>2)  is  note- 
worthy for  the  lovely  harmonies  of  those  pale 
blue,  grey,  and  silver  tints  which  the  artist  so 
often  and  so  successfully  introduced.  Lobster 
Pott  (1<>4),  Evening  in  the  Campagna  (100),  and 
The  Shrimper  Hoy  (108),  motives  which  he 
repeated  more  than  once,  are  the  best  instances 
here  of  Fripp's  exquisite  feeling  for  the  beauty 
of  the  white  calms  which  are  a  feature  of  the 
Dorsetshire  coast.  The  unfinished  Entrance  to 
Lulworth  (171)  is  a  really  choice  landscape. 
With  these  we  may  class  The  Pond  (174),  Boy 
uith  Dog  mid  Game  (193),  and  The  Edge  of  the 
Common  (210). 

A  few  rapid  notes  will  do  justice  to 
the  contributions  of  E.  K.  Johnson.  We 
may  begin  with  his  Ducklings  (30),  which  is 
pretty  and  cleverly  drawn,  although  the  charm- 
ing girl  in  a  white  dress — without  whom  few 
of  the  painter's  pieces  would  be  recognizable  — 
does  not  sit  rightly  upon  the  barrow  behind  her. 
The  picture  is,  like  many  here,  rather  flat  and 
monotonous.  A  Letter  (35)  is  better,  although 
more  to  be  praised  as  a  very  crisp,  bright, 
and  laboured  study  of  a  white  dress,  with  a  tall, 
not  too  well-constructed  girl  inside,  than  as  a 
picture  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  word.  Parts 
of  it  are,  nevertheless,  most  carefully  and  com- 
pletely studied.  The  series  of  Johnson's  draw- 
ings suggests  how  beneficial  close  attention 
to  Alfred  Fripp's  work  in  its  feeling  for 
breadth  and  harmony  would  have  been  to  him. 
Memories  (40)  is,  perhaps,  the  softest  and 
richest  in  tone.  No.  34,  The  Pet  Babbit,  is 
flat,  but  in  harmony  with  itself.  Ponies  in  a 
Snowstor>i  (52)  shows  much  good  drawing  and 
solid  modelling  ;  while  Pot-pourri  (72)  is  the 
work  upon  which  Johnson's  reputation  will, 
fortunately  for  him,  rest.  Several  of  the  draw- 
ings, although  not  the  best  of  their  class, 
exhibit  his  undeniable  skill  in  painting  flower 
gardens  in  sunlight. 

MR.    CHARLES    TARSONS    KNIGHT. 

This  able  landscape  painter,  one  of  the 
modern  leaders  in  the  famous  Bristol  School, 
died  at  St.  John's  Wood,  where  he  lived  near 
his  studio,  on  the  evening  of  the  22nd  inst. 
after  long  and  severe  suffering,  brought  on,  it  is 
understood,  by  a  neglected  cold  acting  upon  a 
constitutional  disposition  to  the  stone.  Born  on 
February  15th,  1829,  he  was  one  of  the  sons  of 
Canon  Knight,  of  Bristol,  the  Rector  of  St. 
Michael's  in  that  city,  and  a  member  of  a  family 
long  and  closely  connected  with  the  Church  of 
England.  Having  been  educated  by  his  father, 
he  was  originally  intended  for  the  sea,  and 
became  a  midshipman  on  board  of  Messrs. 
Green's  liners  ;  but  a  single  voyage  convinced 
him  that  the  roughness  of  a  sea  life  was  by  no 
means  to  his  taste,  and  ho  quitted  the  service 
immediately  on  returning  to  England.  Still  this 
experience  strengthened  his  love  of  the  ocean  as 
a  subject  for  art,  added  to  the  knowledge  of 
shipping  and  seamen  he  had  previously  obtained 
in  Bristol  and  the  Bristol  Channel,  and  afforded 
him  abundant  opportunities  for  studying  those 
cloud  effect  sin  depicting  which  Knight  had  but  few 
superiors  in  this  country,  especially  as  regards 
the  scientific  aspects  of  sea  and  cloud  surfaces. 
Determining  to  become  an  artist,  and  being 
then  a  ready  if  not  an  accomplished  draughts- 
man, the  young  man  pursued  his  studies  under 


no  regular  master,  but  drew  and  painted  zealously 
in  the  Life  School  of  the  Bristol  Academy  and 

elsewhere,  as  well  as  by  the  coasts  and  rivers 
of   his   native  county  and   that  of   Devon.      The 

harbour  of  Bristol  and  the  devious  reaches  of 
the  Avon  possessed  special  attractions  for  him  ; 

and  it  was   with   paintings  of  them  that,    Knight 

firs!  appeared  at  the  Bristol  exhibition.  In 
London  he  made  his  dibui  at  Suffolk  Street 
in  185.'}  with  a  bright  coast  piece,  entitled 
'  The  Mumbles  Head,  Glamorganshire,'  No.  681. 

It  was  followed  in  the  same  place  by  various 
pictures,  all  of  which  marked  regular  and  con- 
siderable advance  in  skill  and  also  in  feel- 
in.'  for  the  true  representation  of  light.  His 
first  contribution  to  the  Academy  was  named 
'  Durham  from  the  North,'  No.  943  of 
1857.  This  was  succeeded  by  '  A  Bit  of 
Riverside,'  1858;  'Barley  Harvest  on  the 
Welsh  Coast,'  'A  Bright  Spring  Day,'  and 
other  paintings  of  increasing  value,  until  his 
position  as  one  of  the  coming  masters  of  his 
art  was  assured  by  the  appearance  in  1801  at 
Trafalgar  Square  of  'The  Stone  Walls  of  Old 
England,  Speeton  Cliffs,  Yorkshire,'  a  brilliant 
and  beautiful  work,  which  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  every  visitor  to  the  Academy.  From 
this  time  till  his  death  Knight  continued  to 
paint  with  unabated  zeal  and  skill,  but  not, 
from  some  unexplained  cause,  with  com- 
mensurate good  fortune.  Holding  always  an 
honourable  place  in  his  profession,  he  was 
much  respected  and  liked  by  all  who 
knew  him  ;  but,  while  artists  admired  his 
works,  his  popularity  with  the  public  did  not 
equal  his  merits  or  his  ambition,  which  aimed 
at  a  greater  place  than  he  attained.  Disappointed 
as  he  was,  a  noble  enthusiasm  and  sincere  love 
of  his  art  sustained  him  to  the  end,  so  that, 
even  while  failing  health  pressed  upon  him  with 
increasing  force,  he  ceased  not  to  paint  with 
persistent  care  and  searching  studies,  and  the 
large  works  which  remain  not  quite  finished  on 
his  easels  are  full  of  beauty  and  suggestion.  His 
industry  was  so  far  remarkable  that  of  the  thirty- 
three  works  which  he  exhibited  at  the  Academy 
— where,  of  late  years  at  least,  he  was  hardly 
treated — most  of  them  were  by  no  means  small, 
and  all  were  creditable  to  him.  Including 
these,  he  exhibited  in  London  110  examples  in 
all.  Of  these,  those  not  at  the  Academy  were 
in  Suffolk  Street,  the  New  Gallery,  the  British 
Institution,  and  minor  collections.  His  subjects 
were  mostly  derived  from  England,  South  Wales, 
and  Scotland  ;  commonly  they  were  views  of  the 
coast,  and  so  good  were  they  as  to  justify  the 
professional  opinion  that  few  equalled,  fewer 
still  surpassed  Knight  in  drawing  waves,  in 
representing  light  reflected  by  water,  or  in 
delineating  the  rigging  and  hulls  of  ships. 


Jhu-^ri  (gossip. 

Towards  the  end  of  next  month  the  Fine- 
Art  Society  proposes  to  open  a  numerous  col- 
lection embodying  the  best  of  the  work  of  Du 
Maurier.  About  the  same  time  the  same  body 
will  submit  to  a  public  view  many  drawings 
made  in  Northern  Italy  during  nearly  three 
years  by  Mr.  Wallace  Rimington. 

The  Grafton  Galleries,  with  a  collection  of 
works  by  Ford  Madox  Brown,  were  opened  to 
the  public  on  Wednesday  last.  About  their 
leading  contents  we  may  have  something  to  say 
in  a  wt  ek  or  two. 

Many  of  our  readers  will  be  glad  to  know 
that  Mr.  G.  H.  Andrews,  of  the  "Old  Society  " 
of  Painters  in  Water  Colours,  who  fractured  his 
kneecap  some  weeks  ago,  is  slowly  recovering. 

The  Society  of  Lady  Artists  has  appointed 
to-day  (Saturday)  for  the  private  view  of  its  pro- 
ductions in  the  gallery  of  the  Society  of  British 
Artists.  The  public  will  be  admitted  on  Monday 
next. 

We  have  received  from  Mr.  F.  S.  Wraller  a 
letter  which    is   unfortunately  too   long    for  us 


to  print  entire,  but  from  which  wo  are  glad 
to     learn     that,     no    attempt     1  made, 

or  is  t<>  be  made,  to  restore  the  reredos  of 
the  I/idy  Chapel  of  Gloucester  Cathedral.  It 
has  only  been  covered  up  to  keep  the  dubt  off  it 
while  part  of  the  flooring  is  taken  up.  Mr. 
Waller  explains  that  the  portions  of  the  tile  floor 
at  the  west  and  east  ends  of  the  chapel  have 
also  been  covered  over.  As  to  the  remainder  of 
the  floor,  Mr.  Waller  says  : — 

"  More  than  one-half  of  the  original  old  tiled  floor 
lias  ceased  to  exist  for  many  >  ear*,  the  chapel  having 
made  dm  of  for  interments  in  a  m  loin 

seen  ;  cot  only  have  the  bodies  now  lying  here  i  i 
buried  in  vaults,  but  burials  have  been  made  in 
plain  wood  coffins,  as  in  churchyards,  and  these 
baying  decayed,  the  ground  has  been  used  again  and 
again  for  like  purposes.  There  are  more  than  60 
flat  stones  recording  deaths,  Borne  of  people  with 
their  wives  and  children;  probably  as  many  as 
150  may  have  found  their  last  resting-place  here,  in 
a  space  not  much  larger  than  a  good-sized  dining- 
room.  In  such  a  case  as  this  there  could  be  no 
doubt  as  to  the  proper  course  to  pursue  for  sanitary 
reasons  alone,  viz.,  to  take  up  the  monumental 
slabs,  till  up  the  vaults,  and  then  hermetically  seal 
up  the  whole  floor  with  concrete,  which  is  now 
being  done  :  a  horrible  and  most  repulsive  task,  as 
may  be  imagined  from  the  description  given  above. 
One  instance  1  must  mention,  that  of  a  vault  with 
four  coffins  in  it,  the  topmost  coffin  just  under,  and 
touching,  the  memorial  slab  on  which  was  the  name 
of  the  deceased.  When  walking  over  this  the  living 
and  the  dead  were  therefore  within  six  inches  of 
each  other,  and  open  joints  around  the  vaults  were 
numerous.  Of  course  all  the  monumental  slabs  will 
be  put  back  again  in  the  old  positions  as  ordered  by 
the  Chapter." 

We  are  much  indebted  to  Mr.  Waller  for  his 
explanations,  and  we  are  pleased  to  learn  we 
were  mistaken.  As  Mr.  Pearson  was  said  to  be 
associated  with  the  work,  we  presumed  that 
"restoration"  on  an  extensive  scale  was  in- 
tended. 

The  press  view  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Annual 
Exhibition  of  the  Royal  Glasgow  Institute  of 
the  Fine  Arts  will  take  place  on  Thursday  next. 

Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  sold  on 
the  20th  and  21st  inst.  the  following  etchings 
and  engravings:  After  Meissonier,  'La  Partie 
Perdue,'  by  F.  Bracquemard,  27^.  ;  another, 
271.  :  '  Le  Guide,'  by  Achille  Jacquet,  251.  ; 
'1807,'  Friedland,  by  Jules  Jacquet,  791.  ; 
'  1806,'  Jena,  by  Jules  Jacquet,  40L  ;  'Portrait 
of  the  Sergeant,'  by  Jules  Jacquet,  42L  After 
Sir  E.  Landseer,  'The  Shoeing,'  by  C  G. 
Lewis,  521.  A.  H.  Haig,  '  Mont  St.  Michel,' 
371. 

It  is  sad  to  hear  that  the  Hotel  de  Ville  of 
Louvain  is  going  to  be  restored.  The  cost, 
which  is  computed  at  about  one  million  francs, 
will  be  defrayed  in  equal  parts  by  the  State  and 
the  town.  This  famous  building  suffered  an 
extremely  drastic  "restoration"  about  fifty 
years  ago. 

The  French  papers  announce  the  unexpected 
death  of  M.  Lucien  Doucet,  a  well  -  known 
painter  whose  promise  wras  not  half  fulfilled. 
His  works  are  chiefly  portraits  of  great  refine- 
ment and  much  beauty.  He  received  a  Third 
Class  Medal  in  1879,  a  Second  Class  one  in 
1887,  Silver  and  Gold  Medals  at  the  Exhibition 
of  1881),  and  the  Legion  of  Honour  two  years 
later. 

The  picture  galleries  of  the  Luxembourg  have 
been  closed  for  repairs,  and  will  probably  remain 
so  for  some  time.  The  destruction  of  that  part 
of  the  Palais  de  l'lndustrie,  Paris,  which  will 
for  the  last  time  be  occupied  by  the  Salon  of 
18'.'7,  has  been  begun.  The  Louvre  has  acquired 
from  the  Chateau  de  Chantelle,  near  Moulins, 
three  statues  of  great  interest,  which,  says  the 
Chroniqw  des  Arts,  had  been,  since  the  chateau 
was  occupied  as  a  convent,  almost  forgotten. 
They  represent  SS.  Anne,  Peter,  and  Susanna, 
are  supposed  to  have  been  executed  by  the 
sculptor  Clement  Mauclerc  for  Anne  de  Beau- 
jeu,  wife  of  Pierre  de  Bourbon,  and  servo  to 
till  a  gap  in  the  historical  illustration  of  French 
sculpture. 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


157 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

Garkick  Theatre.— Carl  Rosa  Opera:  'Faust.'  'Die 
Meistersinger,'  ■  Mijjnon.'  '  Cavalleria  Kusticana'  and 
'Pagliacci,'  and  '  Carmen.' 

Albert  Hall. —  Royal  Choral  Society:  Schubert's  'Song 
of  Miriam  '  and  ■  Israel  in  Egypt.' 

Highbury  Athkn.eum.— Highbury  Phi. harmonic  Society. 

Queen's  Hall. — Mr.  Gompertz's  Quartet  Concerts. 

The  performances  of  the  Carl  Rosa  Com- 
pany at  the  Garrick  Theatre  are  continuing, 
on  the  whole,  very  satisfactorily.  Only  a 
few  words  of  record  are  needed  concerning 
'  Faust '  on  Thursday  last  week,  with  Mr. 
Brozel,  Miss  Alice  Esty,  Mr.  Alec  Marsh, 
and  Mr.  William  Paull  in  the  principal 
parts. 

The  most  interesting  night  of  the  week 
was  Friday,  when  Wagner's  humorous 
masterpiece  '  Die  Meistersinger '  was  given 
in  London  for  the  first  time  in  English. 
The  most  Shakspearean  in  humour  of  all 
operas  is  now  a  familiar  item  in  the  reper- 
tory of  the  company,  and  the  principal 
members  of  the  cast  play  together  with 
commendable  zeal  and  intelligence.  Mr. 
Hedmondt,  if  not  vocally  perfect,  was  refined 
and  gentlemanly  in  manner  as  Walther,  and 
Miss  Alice  Esty  was  sufficiently  arch  and 
pleasant  as  Eva.  Mr.  Homer  Lind's  Beck- 
messer  had  many  good  points,  but,  like 
other  artists  who  take  this  part,  he 
seemed  occasionally  to  forget  that,  although 
narrow  and  pedantic  to  the  last  degree,  he 
is  the  town  clerk  of  Nuremberg,  and  not  a 
pantaloon.  As  Hans  Sachs,  Mr.  Ludwig 
was  admirable  alike  in  voice  and  general 
bearing.  Mr.  Frank  Wood's  David  was 
appropriately  light  and  youthful ;  Mr. 
C.  Tilbury  as  Pogner,  Mr.  William  Paull 
as  Kothner,  and  Miss  Kirkby  Lunn  as 
Magdalena  were  all  satisfactory  ;  and  Herr 
Eckhold  had  his  orchestra  and  chorus  well 
in  hand.  The  performance  of  the  most 
exhilarating  of  modern  operas  was  very 
creditable  to  the  company. 

'  Mignon,'  on  Saturday  evening,  was  in 
the  main  pleasantly  given.  It  was,  of  course, 
unfortunate  that  Miss  Zelie  de  Lussan  was 
unable,  owing  to  illness,  to  undertake  the 
principal  part,  but  the  indefatigable  Miss 
Alice  Esty  filled  her  place  charmingly  in  all 
respects.  The  part  of  Wilhelm  is  not 
powerful  in  an  acting  sense,  and  Mr. 
Eobert  Cunningham  was  quite  equal  to  its 
vocal  requirements.  Such  music  as  Thomas 
has  written  for  Filina  is  more  difficult  than 
it  was  thirty  years  ago,  when  operatic 
sopranos  had  constantly  to  indulge  in  trills 
and  florid  passages  ;  but  Miss  Bessie  Mac- 
donald  sang  it  with  fluency  and  grace.  The 
other  characters  were  competently  repre- 
sented. 

On  Monday  the  programme  was  filled  b}-- 
'Cavalleria  Pusticana'  and  'Pagliacci.' 
These  two  familiar  works  were,  of  course, 
efficiently  interpreted,  for  they  havo  both 
been  for  a  considerable  period  in  the  reper- 
tory of  the  Carl  Rosa  Company.  The  im- 
personations of  Mr.  Hedmondt,  Madame 
Marie  Duma,  Miss  Bessie  Macdonald,  and 
Mr.  Brozel  may  be  specially  commended. 

'  Carmen  '  was  performed  on  Tuesday  with 
a  fairly  good  cast.  That  clever  artist  Mile. 
Pauline  Joran,  who  can  play  the  violin  as 
well  as  she  can  sing  and  act,  was  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  fickle  gipsy,  and  Miss 
Bessie  Macdonald  was  a  charming  Michaela. 


Mr.  Hedmondt  was  appropriately  dramatic 
as  Don  Jose,  and  the  other  parts  were 
adequately  interpreted.  '  Lohengrin  '  was 
announced  for  Thursday  evening,  too  late 
for  notice  this  week  ;  and  a  successful,  but 
too  brief  season  will  close  next  Saturday. 

We  are  now  in  the  midst  of  the  Schubert 
centenary  celebrations,  though  up  to  the 
time  of  writing  nothing  of  an  important 
nature  has  been  done.  On  Thursday  last 
week  at  the  Albert  Hall  the  Royal  Choral 
Society's  performance  of  '  Israel  in  Egypt ' 
was  preceded  by  the  Viennese  master's 
'  Song  of  Miriam,'  composed  in  the  last 
year  of  his  life,  and  written  origin- 
ally for  soprano  solo,  chorus,  and  piano- 
forte accompaniment.  The  motet,  which, 
curiously  enough,  reflects  in  a  very  slight 
degree  Schubert's  mature  style,  was  orches- 
trated by  his  devoted  admirer  F.  Lachner, 
and  it  has  since  been  touched  up  by  another 
hand.  The  solo  part  on  this  occasion  was 
brilliantly  rendered  by  Miss  Esther  Palliser. 
The  performance  of  Handel's  oratorio  was 
chiefly  remarkable  for  the  more  moderate 
tempi  than  those  to  which  we  were  accus- 
tomed under  Sir  Joseph  Barnby,  particularly 
in  the  "  Hailstone  Chorus,"  and  also  for  the 
restoration  of  the  duet  "  The  Lord  is  a  man 
of  war  "  to  its  original  form  for  two  voices, 
the  artists,  Messrs.  Andrew  Black  and 
Watkin  Mills,  giving  supreme  satisfaction. 

The  second  concert  this  season  of  the 
Highbury  Philharmonic  Society  on  Tues- 
day evening  was  in  a  double  sense  interest- 
ing. The  first  performance  was  given  of  a 
cantata,  '  The  Oak  of  Geismar,'  by  Mr. 
Erskine  Allon,  a  well-read  composer,  of 
whom  we  have  frequently  spoken,  though 
not  in  terms  of  unqualified  praise,  because 
his  music  seemed  to  proceed  more  from  the 
head  than  the  heart.  Such  a  remark,  how- 
ever, would  be  unjust  if  applied  to  his  new 
cantata,  for  it  is  written  throughout  in  a 
pleasant,  genial  style,  with  orchestration 
perhaps  more  suggestive  of  the  French 
than  the  German  school.  The  subject  is 
the  familiar  one  of  the  conflict  between 
heathenism  and  Christianity,  the  latter, 
of  course,  prevailing  in  the  end  ;  and  after 
several  interesting  and  melodious  numbers 
the  work  concludes  with  a  delightful  Christ- 
mas carol.  The  principal  characters  are  but 
three  in  number — Asulf,  a  young  prince  ; 
Hunrad,  a  priest  of  Thor;  and  Wilfred,  a 
Christian  priest — and  these  were  excellently 
interpreted  by  Miss  Evangeline  Florence, 
Mr.  Ben  Davies,  and  Mr.  Bantock  Pier- 
point.  The  words,  it  should  be  said,  are 
adapted  by  Miss  Florence  Perugini-Camp- 
bell  from  the  story  by  Mr.  Henry  van  Dyke 
of  New  York.  Subsequently  in  the  pro- 
gramme was  presented  for  the  first  time  in 
the  north  of  London  Prof.  Villiers  Stanford's 
Irish  ballad  'Phaiuhig  Crohoore,' for  chorus 
and  orchestra,  first  produced  at  the  Norwich 
Festival  in  October  last.  This  piquant  littlo 
work  was  rendered  with  much  spirit,  and, 
indeed,  throughout  the  orchestra  aud  chorus 
gave  all  possible  satisfaction,  the  tone  pro- 
duced by  the  choir  being  not  unworthy  to 
compare  with  that  of  a  contingent  from 
Yorkshire.  Mr.  Gilbert  H.  Betjemann  may 
be  congratulated  upon  the  increasing  ex- 
cellence  of  the  forces  under  his  control. 

Mr.  Richard  Q-ompertz  introduced  Dvo- 
rak's String  Una  not  in  a  flat,  <)p.  K)."),  for 
the  first  timo  iu  London  at  his  fourth  con- 


cert in  the  Queen's  Small  Hall  on  Wednes- 
day evening.  The  work,  which  presumably, 
though  not  certainly,  is  a  recent  composi- 
tion by  the  Bohemian  composer,  will  add 
nothing  to  his  reputation,  but  it  will 
not  detract  therefrom.  It  is  sufficiently 
Slavonic  in  phraseology,  and  the  second  move- 
ment, molto  vivace,  is  decidedly  charming. 
Beethoven's  Quartet  in  a  minor,  Op.  132, 
concluded  the  programme,  the  ensemble  in 
both  works  being  little  short  of  perfect.  Mr. 
Gompertz  was  assisted,  as  at  previous 
concerts,  by  Messrs.  Haydn  Inwards,  Emil 
Kreuz,  and  Charles  Ould.  Brahms's  beau- 
tiful Vocal  Quartets,  Op.  92,  were  well  ren- 
dered by  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  Madame  Hope 
Glenn,  Mr.  Walter  Ford,  and  Mr.  Herbert 
Thorndike. 


39flusirrtl  (gessrp. 

Tschaikowsky's  early  Quartet  in  d,  Op.  11, 
was  repeated  at  last  Saturday's  Popular  Con- 
cert, and  if  it  scarcely  grows  upon  us  on 
acquaintance,  it  is  certainly  not  unworthy 
of  the  Russian  composer,  whose  utterances 
seem  to  be  more  esteemed  now  that  he  is 
dead  than  when  he  was  alive  and  at  work. 
Beethoven's  Sonata  in  d  for  pianoforte 
and  violoncello,  Op.  102,  No.  2,  was  the  only 
other  concerted  work,  the  executants  being 
Miss  Fanny  Davies  and  Signor  Piatti.  Piano- 
forte trifles  by  Rubinstein  were  beautilully 
rendered  by  Miss  Davies  ;  and  of  course  Lady 
Halle  was  unexceptionable  in  Prof.  Stanford's 
three  violin  pieces,  'Hush  Song,'  'A  Lament,' 
and  'Reel.'  Mr.  B}7ard,  a  promising  young 
baritone,  who  has  studied  abroad,  was  the 
vocalist. 

No  more  than  formal  notice  is  required  con- 
cerning Monday's  programme,  which  com- 
menced with  Mozart's  Quartet  in  B  flat,  known 
as  No.  9,  though  really  it  is  the  last  but  one 
left  by  the  master,  and  closed  with  Schumann's 
Sonata  in  a  minor  for  pianoforte  and  violin, 
Op.  105,  played  by  M.  Slivinski  and  Lady 
Halle.  Madame  Bertha  Moore  was  the 
vocalist. 

The  violin  recital  by  Signora  Teresina  Tua 
(the  Comtesse  de  Franchi-Verney)at  St.  James's 
Hall  on  Monday  afternoon  was  an  artistic 
success,  for  the  young  artist  has  greatly  im- 
proved since  she  last  appeared  in  London. 
She  played  Mendelssohn's  Concerto  with  all 
needful  vigour,  and,  what  is  even  better,  purity 
of  intonation,  and  took  part  with  Miss  Fanny 
Davies  in  a  perfect  performance  of  Brahms's 
Sonata  in  a  for  pianoforte  and  violin,  Op.  100. 

Mr.  Frederic  Lamono,  at  his  second 
pianoforte  recital  on  Tuesday  afternoon  in 
St.  James's  Hall,  gave  an  extremely  intel- 
ligent performance  of  Beethoven's  great 
Sonata  in  B  flat,  Op.  10G,  a  work  that  has  not 
been  heard  for  some  time.  The,  programme 
likewise  contained  Schumann's  '  Etudes  Sym- 
phoniques,'  and  minor  items  by  Chopin,  Field, 
Henselt,  and  Liszt. 

Much  regret  has  doubtless  already  boon  felt 
at  the  announcement  of  the  death  of  Madame 
Edith  Wynne,  who,  although  she  had  dropped 
out  of  notico  during  the  last  few  years,  was  still 
held  in  cordial  remembrance  by  amateurs. 
Madame  Wynne  was  a  welcome  figure  on  the 
concert  platform  as  a  ballad,  oratorio,  or  festival 
singer  during  the  sixties  and  the  early  seventies, 

for,  though  not  a  powerful  singer,  her  method 
and  artistic  perception  generally  were  all  that 
could  be  desired.  She  was  married  at  the 
Chapel  Royal,  Savoy,  in  1875,  t<>  Mr.  A. 
Agabeg,  barrister-at-law,  and  it  is  noteworthy 
thai  on  tins  occasion  Bome  <>f  the  bridal 
music  from  '  Lohengrin,1  which  is  now  con- 
sidered almost   indispensable,    was    played  for 

the  first  time  at    a  wedding.      The   last,   occasion 


158 


T  II  E     ATHENAEUM 


N   361  1.  Jan.  30,  '97 


on  which  Madame  Edith    Wynne  appeared  in 

public   was    at    Abory.stwith   in   t la;    Bummer    of 

last  year;  but  sin*  was  proton!  al  tin'  perform- 
ance  of  '  La  Vivandiere   at  tliu  Garrick  Theatre 

recently  as  Wednesday  in  List  wick. 

Tin;  Bohemian  String  Quartet  will  giye  two 

concerts,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ernest 
Cavour,  at  the  Queen's  Small  Hall,  on 
February  L9th  and  23rd. 

A  THIRD  performance  of  Saint  -  Saens's 
'Samson  et  Dalila '  will  be  given  at  the 
Queen's  Hall  on  Saturday  afternoon,  March  6th, 
with  Miss  Marie  Breina,  Mr.  Edward  Lloyd,  and 
Mr.  Andrew  Black  as  the  principal  vocalists. 

Mr.  Louis  II.  Hillier,  the  Belgian  composer 
and  violinist,  announces  his  third  annual  con- 
cert, taking  place  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Ernest  Cavour  at  St.  James's  Hall,  on 
March  12th.  Besides  the  Hillier  Belgian  String 
Quartet,  which  will  perform  for  the  first  time 
quartets  of  the  new  Russian  School,  Mile. 
Berthe  Balthasar  (twelve  years  old),  pianist  ; 
Miss  Marie  Cabrera,  mezzo-soprano  ;  and  Miss 
Constance  Bolton,  contralto,  will  make  their 
first  appearance.  Mile.  Irma  Sethe  will  play 
three  novelties  by  the  concert-giver. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT   WEEK. 


Srx. 

Mo>\ 

Tern 

Wed. 


Orchestral  Concert.  3.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

Schubert  Concert.  7.  South  Place  Ethical  Society,  Finsbnry. 

National  Sunday  League.  Ve^di  s  '  Requiem,' &c,  7,  Queen's  Hall. 

Queen's  Hall  string  Quartet  Concert,  7  30. 

Carl    Rosa   Opera,    'Carmen,'  2;    'Tannhiiuser,'    8,    Garrick 

Theatre. 
Popular  Concert,  8.  St.  James's  Hall. 
Mr  F  Lamond's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  St.  James's  Hill. 
Carl  Rosa  Opera,  'Faust.'  8,  Garrick  Theatre. 
Miss   H     V    Sloman's   Chamber  Concert,  8,   West   Norwood 

Public  Hall 
Miss  A  Borton's  Concert.  8,  Queen's  Hall. 
Ballad  Concert,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 
Royal  College  of  Music  Concert,  7  45. 
Carl  Rosa  Opera.  '  Die  Walkyrie,'  8.  Garrick  Theatre. 
London  Ballad  Concert.  8,  Queen's  Hall 
Mr.  S  I)  Grimson's  Concert,  8.  Queen's  Hall. 
Carl   Rosa   Opera,  'Tannhiiuser,' 2;  'Die  Meistersinger,'   7.45, 

Garrick  theatre. 
Herr  T.  Werner's  Violin  Recital,  3,  St.  James  s  Hall. 
Mr.  Henschel's  Symphony  Concert.  8.  St  James's  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society,    The  Golden  Legend,' 8. 
Miss  Story's  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 
Messr6    Leonard  Bonvick    and  Plunket    Greene's   Recital,  3, 

St  James's  Hall. 
Carl  Rosa  Opera,  '  The  Bohemian  Girl.'  8.  Garrick  Theatre. 
Mr  Dolmetsch  s  Concert  on  Old  Instruments,  9,  No.  6,  Keppel 

Street,  Bloomsbury 
Carl  Rosa  Opera,  ■  Faust,'  2 ;  ' Carmen,'  8,  Garrick  Theatre. 
Queen's  Hall  Symphony  Concert.  3. 
Popular  Concert.  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 
Orchestral  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


RECENT  PLAYS. 

The  Charm,  and  other  Drawing-Room  Plays. 
By  Walter  Besant  and  Walter  Pollock.  (Chatto 
&  Windus.) — It  is  difficult  in  the  case  of  this 
new  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  to  assign  to  the 
dramatists  their  respective  shares  in  the  work 
which  is  their  joint  production.  We  are  dis- 
posed to  regard  Mr.  Pollock,  though  his  name 
comes  second,  as  the  master  spirit.  There  is  at 
least  in  the  volume  little  that  reminds  us  of  the 
firm  grip  noticeable  in  works  such  as  '  Ready- 
Money  Mortiboy  '  or  'The  Golden  Butterfly,' 
and  much  that  recalls  the  lighter  style  of  Mr. 
Pollock  in  his  levers  de  rideau,  imitated  often, 
but  not  always,  from  those  of  the  Come'die  Fran- 
chise. Of  the  eight  plays  now  presented  to  meet 
the  large  and  ever-augmenting  demand  for  draw- 
ing-room entertainments  one  only— 'The  Spy,' 
which  presents  a  supposedepisodeof  the  Vend^an 
rising — is  serious  and  melodramatic.  Most  of  the 
pieces  are  domestic  interiors  not  less  pleasing 
than  edifying  to  contemplate,  and  wholly  suited 
to  their  purpose.  A  certain  amount  of  fantasy 
attaches  to  '  The  Charm,'  the  first  and  the 
most  ambitious  of  the  works.  In  this  (the  moral 
of  which  is  that  though  "  youth  and  crabbed  age 
cannot  live  together,"  "crabbed  age  "  has  de- 
lights of  its  own,  and  gets  on  well  and  pleasantly 
with  itself)  the  scene  is  a  Parisian  salon  in  the 
latter  half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  By  the 
agency  of  a  species  of  Cagliostro,  the  Princess 
and  the  Marchioness,  two  ladies  of  venerable 
age,  have  their  youth  restored  to  them.  They 
refuse  to  rejuvenate,  however,  their  no  less 
venerable  lovers,  and  devote  themselves  to  the 


cult  of  new  and  youthful  loves.  The  experi- 
ment is  thus  in  a  sense  disastrous,  and  by 
another  magical  touch  the  mesmerist  or  miracle- 

monger  restores  thi  m  to  their  pristine  condi- 
tion.     A    .similar    vein    of   genth-   c  ynn-isin    runs 

through  'The  Voice  of  Love.'    Nothing  but  the 

informing  touch  of  love  is  wanting  to  render  a 

youthful  dibutattfe  an  ides]  Juliet.  Love  comes, 
but  mistakes  his  mission,  and,  to  the  despair  of 
a  kind-hearted  old  Michonnet  of  a  tutor,  takes 
away  from  the  stage  for  conjugal  delight  and 
pursuits  the  half  -  Hedged  or  unfledged  artist. 
'  Peer  and  Heiress  '  shows  some  scenes  of  pretty 
wooing  between  Englishmen  and  American 
maidens,  in  which  happy  nuptials  are  deferred 
because  one  lady  erroneously  believes  her  suitor 
to  be  a  peer,  while  he  no  less  gratuitously  credits 
her  with  being  an  heiress.  '  The  Shrinking 
Shoe '  is  an  amusing  and  ingenious  moderniza- 
tion of  '  Othello.'  '  The  Glove  '  tells  a  pleasant 
story,  the  action  of  which  immediately  precedes 
the  Restoration,  which  brings  with  it  a  happy 
denoihnent  and  uses  effectively  the  song  : — 

Then  look  for  no  peace,  for  the  war  shall  never  cease, 
Till  t  lie  king  shall  come  to  his  own  again. 

'  The  Wife's  Confession,'  with  which  the  volume 
concludes,  shows  a  generous  husband  realizing 
the  truth  and  worth  of  his  wife,  and  saving  her 
from  a  humiliating  revelation  thrust  malignantly 
upon  her.  The  volume,  which  serves  its  purpose 
well,  is  agreeably  illustrated. 

Fairy  Plays  and  how  to  Act  Them.  By 
Mrs.  Hugh  Bell.  (Longmans  &  Co.)  — A  dozen 
or  more  fairy  stories — many  of  which  have 
served  for  pantomimes,  while  others,  such  as 
'The  Emperor's  New  Clothes,'  have  formed  the 
basis  of  comedies — have  been  dramatized  for 
children  by  Mrs.  Hugh  Bell,  who  has  had  much 
practice  of  the  sort.  Superfluous  pains  have 
been  taken  to  modernize  the  language  and  to 
remove  all  trace  of  fantasy.  In  other  respects 
the  arrangement  is  to  be  commended.  What  is 
of  most  value  in  the  volume  consists  of  the 
opening  directions  how  to  play  the  pieces  and 
provide  the  appointments.  These  are  very  sen- 
sible and  practical,  and  include  directions  for 
dances  by  Mrs.  Marshall  -  Burch,  of  Queen's 
College,  Harley  Street.  Music  to  the  various 
songs  is  supplied.  The  volume  is  profusely 
illustrated  by  Mr.  Lancelot  Speed,  and,  apart 
from  its  claim  upon  the  attention  of  juvenile 
amateurs,  constitutes  an  eminently  attractive 
and  a  readable  gift  book. 

Short  Plays  and  Charades.  By  Mrs.  Irwine 
Whitty.  (Skeffington  &  Son.)— These  plays, 
intended  for  drawing-room  and  parish  enter- 
tainments, are  simple  in  story  and  treatment, 
are  principally  rhymed,  and  deal  with  domestic 
subjects.  They  are  fitted  for  their  purpose, 
and  may  be  acted  almost  without  scenery  or 
preparation. 


^Dramatic  (rfflasig. 

Now  that  it  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Arthur  Collins,  the  management  of  Drury  Lane 
Theatre  will  be,  so  far  as  is  possible,  controlled 
by  the  traditions  of  Sir  Augustus  Harris,  whose 
counsellor  and,  in  some  respects,  right-hand  man 
Mr.  Collins  has  been  during  some  years. 

Daddy  Hardacre,  in  the  Olympic  version 
of  '  La  Fille  de  l'Avare,'  is  so  closely  asso- 
ciated with  the  fame  of  Robson  that  one  hears 
with  interest  as  well  as  surprise  that  the  part 
will  shortly  be  taken  by  Mr.  Charles  Cartwright, 
who  is  best  known,  up  to  now,  in  melodrama. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  Bourchier,  Miss 
Violet  Vanbrugh,  Miss  Irene  Vanbrugh,  Mr. 
Blakeley,  and  other  members  of  the  company 
recently  playing  at  the  Royalty,  have  arrived 
from  America,  the  tour  having  broken  down  in 
consequence  of  the  illness  of  Mrs.  Bourchier. 

In  the  revival  on  Saturday  night  at  the 
Lyceum  of  '  Cymbeline,'  Miss  Terry  reappeared 
as  Imogen.  Mr.  Cooper  Cliffe  replaced  Sir  Henry 
Irving  as  Iachimo.     The  only  other  noteworthy 


change  in  th<  ■  d  in  the  substitution 

of  Mr.  Martin  Harvey  for  Mr.  Oordon  Craig 
as  Arviragus. 

'Si.kiiin'.  !>•..  -,' a  farcical  comedy  by  Mr. 
Mark  Melford,  has  been  produced  at  the  New 
Theatre,  Cambridge. 

<  )n  Monday  afternoon  at  the  Prince  of  Wales's 
Miss  "Kitty  '  Loft  us  replaced  Madame  Germaine 
Kty  as  Louisette  in  '  A  Pierrot's  Life.' 

Mi-..    BOBUT  Bl  <  iianan    and  his  customary 

associate,  "  Charles  Marlowe,"  have  written  a 
drama  on  the  subject  of  Nelson  to  be  called 
'The  Mariners  of  England.'  It  includes  a 
spectacular  presentation  of  the  battle  of  Tra- 
falgar. Its  Bpeedy  performance  in  London  is 
anticipated. 

The  revival  on  Friday  afternoon  last  week  at 
the  Criterion  of  Robertson's  'Society '  proves  the 
value  of  that  piece  to  have  been  marvellously 
overrated.  It  is  a  poor,  eminently  artificial, 
and  not  wholly  sympathetic  play,  the  success  of 
which  on  its  first  production  seems  no  longer 
easy  of  explanation.  Miss  Rose  Leclercq'6 
Lady  Ptarmigant  was  good.  Mr.  Righton 
was  Lord  Ptarmigant,  Mr.  Kemble  the  elder 
Chodd,  and  Miss  Laura  Graves  the  heroine. 
Messrs.  Brookfield,  Farquhar,  and  others  played 
with  spirit  the  members  of  the  Owls'  Roost, 
but  the  general  performance  had  little  to  com- 
mend it. 

The  promised  performance  at  the  Globe 
of  '  An  Irish  Gentleman  '  has  been  postponed, 
and  the  first  novelty  at  that  house  will,  ac- 
cording to  recent  arrangements,  consist  of 
'Bonny  Boy  Blue,'  a  comedy  by  Mr.  T.  G. 
Warren,  which  has  already  been  seen  at  an 
afternoon  performance. 

Miss  Evelyn  Millard  has  written  to  con- 
tradict the  report  that  she  had  taken  the 
Royalty  Theatre  for  the  purpose  of  producing 
Mr.  Louis  Parker's  new  play,  '  The  Mayflower.' 

Miss  Phyllis  Broughton  now  plays  the 
part  of  Josephine  (originally  taken  by  Miss 
Florence  Lloyd)  in  '  Round  a  Tree,'  the  opening 
piece  at  the  Vaudeville. 

The  Court  Theatre  will,  as  at  present  ar- 
ranged, reopen  in  a  week  or  so  under  Mr. 
Arthur  Chudleigh  with  '  Sweet  Nancy,' in  which 
Miss  Annie  Hughes  will  reappear  as  the  heroine. 
The  cast  will  differ  little  from  that  with  which 
the  piece  was  revived  recently  for  a  solitary 
occasion  at  the  Criterion.  A  one-act  play  by 
Mrs.  Oscar  Beringer,  entitled  '  A  Bit  of  Old 
Chelsea,'  will  be  the  opening  piece.  In  this 
Miss  Annie  Hughes  and  Mr.  Edmund  Maurice 
will  play  the  principal  parts. 

We  hear  with  regret  of  the  death  of  Mrs. 
James  Carden,  professionally  known  as  Miss 
Marston  Leigh,  the  youngest  daughter  of  the 
late  J.  A.  Heraud,  and  the  sister  of  Miss  Edith 
Heraud.  A  well-known  member  of  Miss  Mar- 
riott's company  at  Sadler's  Wells,  she  played 
inginue  parts,  and  was  specially  excellent  as 
Ophelia.  She  was  subsequently  seen  at  Drury 
Lane  and  the  Adelphi.  At  the  latter  house  she 
played  Geraldine  in  'Green  Bushes.'  In  her 
twenty-second  year  she  married  J.  L.  Warner, 
a  son  of  the  celebrated  Mrs.  Warner,  and  on 
his  death  espoused  Mr.  James  Carden,  with 
whom  she  went  to  America.  She  died  in 
Philadelphia  on  the  6th  inst. 

Hamlet's  assertion  "  They  do  but  jest, 
poison  in  jest,"  does  not  hold  always  good.  An 
audience  at  the  theatre  at  Arad  in  Hungary  had 
a  novel  and  painful  experience.  An  actor  named 
Balla,  personating  a  character  who  commits 
suicide  with  a  pistol,  played  the  part  in  earnest, 
and,  having  summoned  his  friends  to  witness  him 
act  his  best,  killed  himself  on  the  stage  in  the 
manner  indicated. 


To  Corrksponhknts.— J.  F.  K.— G.  B.  P.— T.  M.  C.—B.  P. 
— A.  H.  K.— receiviM. 
No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 THE     ATHENJSUM 159 

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of  Ireland,'  &c. 
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and  although  the  author  mcestly  disclaims  all  comparisons  with  the 
most  popular  contemporary  exponent  of  this  school  of  Action,  he  has 
little  I"  learn   front    Mr    Wevnntn  or  anyone  clue  In  the  art  of  vivid, 

straightforward  narrative The  book  is  a  Arst-rate  piece  of  work,  and 

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page."— Atkcntrum. 

London : 

SAMPSON  LOW,  MARSTON  &  COMPANY,  Ltd., 

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Opinions  of  the  Leading  Dailies  on 
Mr.  W.  CAREW  HAZLITT'S 
New  Booh,  FOUR  GENERA- 
TIONS of  a  LITERARY 
FAMILY,  8  vols.  31s.  Gd.  net. 

"  The  family  has  secured  for  itself  a  sufficiently 
enduring  place  in  the  history  of  modern  literature 
to  make  personal  gossip  of  the  kind  collected  in 

'Four  Generations'  acceptable  to  a  wide  circle 

Yet  the  volumes,  taken  as  a  whole,  are  well  worth 
reading,  and  are  not  without  value  as  a  contribu- 
tion to  literary  and  social  history."— [Standard, 
Jan.  18.]  "Miss  Marie  Corelli,  we  believe,  re- 
cently published  a  list  of  '  People  I  Dislike.'  The 
curious  might  make  an  interesting  anthology  under 
the  same  heading  from  these  two  volumes  of  Mr. 
Hazlitt's.  He  hits  all  round."— [Daily  Chronicle, 
Jan.  18.]  "  In  spite  of  these  conspicuous  defects, 
which  after  all  merely  show  that  the  old  Hazlitt 
bitterness  survives  in  '  the  fourth  generations,'  Mr. 
Hazlitt's  book  contains,  with  plenty  of  cbaff,  good 
store  of  appetizing  grain."  —  \_Pall  Mall  Gazette, 
Jan.  18.]  "The  careful  and  judicious  reader  will 
pick  out  of  this  work  a  few  things  really  enter- 
taining or  instructive;  but  he  will  not  be  in  a 
position  to  admire  in  the  author  either  much  lite- 
rary skill  or  invariable  good  taste Mr.  Hazlitt's 

own  reminiscences  are  varied  as  well  as  extensive, 
but  cluster  mainly  round  denizens  of  the  literary 
and  artistic  worlds."—  [Globe,  Jan.  19.]  "  The 
book  is  full  of  idle,  ill-natured,  and  often  malicious 
gossip  about  all  sorts  of  people,  public  and  private, 
with  whom  the  author  has  ever  come  in  contact. 
He  spares  neither  his  father's  friends  nor  his  own  ; 
and  regards  neither  the  memory  of  the  dead  nor 
the  feelings  of  the  living."—  [Scotsman,  Jan.  18.] 
"  It  would  have  been  impossible  for  any  one  writ- 
ing, on  such  a  subject  as  Mr.  Carew  Hazlitt  has 
chosen,  and  with  the  special  advantages  which  he 
possesses  for  the  treatment  of  it,  to  produce  a  book 
devoid  of  value  and  interest."— [Glasgow  Herald, 
Jan.  21.]     "  A  book  that  is  not  merely  interesting, 

but  fascinating  as   well Certain  to  provoke  a 

good  deal  of  hostile  criticism,  because  of  its  cynical 
and  even  brutal  outspokenness."—  [Korth  British 
Daily  Mail,  Jan.  19.]  "We  do  not  say  that  there 
are  no  stories  worth  repeating,  and  some  of  the 
chapters  are  sufficiently  pleasant  reading."— [Times, 
Jan.  21.1  "The  reader  will  find  here  many  in- 
teresting glimpses  of  notable  persons,  and  much 
entertaining  matter  about  bygone  phases  of  man- 
ners."— [Daily  News,  Jan.  18.]  "  Mr.  Hazlitt  chats 
discursively,  but  with  points  that  are  worth  the 
labour  of  picking  out,  on  '  Our  Club,'  where  Jerrold, 
Shirley  Brooks,  the  younger  Dickens,  Dr.  Richard- 
son, Henry  Holl,  Sir  George  Jessel,  Chas.  Knight, 
Hepworth  Dixon,  Masson,  Robert  Keeley,  Richard 
Weekes,  and  Hazlitt  fere  foregathered ;  on  Sothebj  's 
and  other  auction  rooms,  of  which  he  has  been  a 
diligent  frequenter;  on  the  British  Museum  reading- 
room,  and  the  strange  sights  that  may  be  seen 
under  the  dome ;  on  Chelsea  bun-houses ;  on  the 
Bohemianism  of  the  old  Parliamentary  gallery ;  on 
the  free-list  system  ;  on  actors,  writers,  publishers, 
all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men,  whom  he  has  known 
at  first  or,  at  least,  at  second  hand.  Interesting 
reminiscences  and  good  stories  come  thick  and  fast 
in  places.  It  is  a  medley  from  which  few  will  not 
find  several  score  of  things  to  remember  and  tell 
at  table."— [Pall  Mall  Gazette,  Jan.  18.] 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS' 
LIST. 


"A    BROTHER    TO    DODO." 

THE     BABE,     B.A. 

Being  the  Uneventful  History  of  a  Young  Gentle- 
man at  Cambridge  University. 

By  E.  F.  BENSON. 

Illustrated.     Crown  8vo.  cloth  extra,  6*. 

Daily  TtUgraph.—"  Mr.  Benson's  delightful  book  ii  rife 
with  clever  de6nitions  as  well  as  graphic  character  ikttcbee." 

Daily  Chronicle.— "There  is  a  rollicking,  devil-raay-car 
ynuthfulnets  about  it  which  roust  win  upon  the  gratitude 
of  those  who  take  it  up." 

Scotsman.— "  A  bright  and  humorous  picture  of  university 
life."  

THE    MAKER    OF    MOONS. 

By  ROBERT  W.  CHAMBERS, 

Author  of  '  The  Red  Republic,'  '  King  and  a  Few 

Dukes,'  &c. 

Crown   8vo.   cloth   extra,   illustrated,   6*. 

Daily  Teleoraph..—"  We  cannot  for  the  moment  call  to 
mind  any  latter-day  collection  of  short  tales  in  which 
vivacious' fancy  and  subtle  wit.  are  so  happily  combined  with 

constructive  dexterity  and  descriptive  force Everybody 

should  read  these  delightful  stories." 


GEORGE  REDWAY,  Hart-slreet,  Bloomsbury. 


THE  HISTORICAL  DEVELOP- 
MENT OF 
MODERN  EUROPE. 

By   C.  M.  ANDREWS, 

Associate  Professor  of  History  in 

Bryn  Mawr  College. 

With  Map. 

2  vols,  demy  8vo.  cloth,  12s.  &d.  each. 

Vol.    I.  EUROPE  from  1815  to  1850. 

Vol  II    EUROPE   from   1850    to    the    PRESENT 
TIME.  [Intheprett. 

Times.—"  Mr.  Andrews  gives  to  the  general  public  a  clear 
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author  threads  his  way  through  the  labyrinth  with  wonder- 
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bypaths  which  are  encountered  at  almost  every  step  of  the 
journey.  If  the  narrative  is  thereby  rendered  leas  complete- 
it  gains  immensely  in  clearness." 


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N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


161 


EFFINGHAM    WILSON'S 
LIST. 


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ROBERT  BUCHANAN'S 
ADDRESS  TO  BOOK-BUYERS. 


EFFINGHAM  WILSON,  11,  Royal  Exchange,  E.C. 


January,  1897. 

The  experiment  of  issuing  my  own  books,  which  I  began 
not.  quite  a  year  ago,  has  quite  realized  my  modest  expecta- 
tions.  Although  there  has  been  no  great  rush  to  Gerrant- 
street,  the  Fales  have  been  fairly  satisfactory.  The  small 
stock  of  my  published  works,  which  I  took  over  from  Messrs. 
ChaHo  &  W'indus,  is  entirely  exhausted,  and  I  receive  by 
every  post  letters  inquiring  about  the  new  and  cheaper 
editions  now  in  preparation.  The  one  new  book,  with  which 
I  began  operations, 

THE    DEVIL'S    CASE: 

A  Bank  Holiday  Interlude, 

has  had  just  the  reception  I  anticipated,  and  quite  as  large  a 
sale  as  I  could  have  hoped  for.  Most  people,  very  naturally, 
preferred  the.  Case  according  to  Archdeacon  Farrar  and  Miss 
Corelli.  While  the  majority  of  Critics  set  the  book  down  as 
the  production  of  a  Lunatic  or  of  a  once  respectable  Poet 
whose  intellectual  powers  are  paralyzed  (see  the  Daily  News 
and  the  Nonconformist  Conscience  passim),  a  few  more 
charitable  reviewers  admitted  its  cleverness,  while  deploiing 
its  irreverence. 

Only  one  thing  in  connexion  with  this  publication  has 
caused  me  real  surprise.  I  knew  Logrollia  too  well  to  expect 
any  rational  treatment  there,  but  I  did  expect  a  little  sane 
consideration  in  my  native  land.  There  was  a  time  when 
Scotland  had  brains  of  its  own  ;  now  its  culture  seems  to  be 
only  a  weak  reflection  of  the  rushlights  of  Clupham.  One 
journalist,  however,  in  the  North  British  Daily  Mail,  had 
the  courage  to  write  as  follows  : — 

"  There  is  the  stingof  truth  hiding  behind  all  the  invective 
of  Mr.  Buchanan.  Were  it  not.  for  the  succession  of  mental 
shocks  received  by  the  reader  at  every  fresh  blasphemy 
of  the  poet,  most  men  could  enjoy  and  benefit  from  Mr. 
Buchanan's  (or  the  Devil's)  gospel,  which  is  at  least 
thoroughly  practical."  And  the  same  authority  avowed 
that  I  was  "  an  earnest,  nay  a  reverent  "  writer,  in  the  midst 
of  all  my  "  irreverences."  Which  is  only  the  fact,  for  I  am 
the  only  surviving  Keligious  foet,  and  am  possibly  the  last 
of  the  race! 

With  the  view  of  further  establishing  my  claim  to  this 
lugubrious  distinction,  I  am  about  to  publish  two  new  Books 
of  Poetry  : 

THE    BALLAD    OF   MARY 
THE    MOTHER: 

A  Christmas  Carol, 

at  f  he  end  of  which  book  will  be  printed  a  Sonnet-sequence 
addressed  to  the  Madonna  ;  and 

(II.) 

THE  NEW  ROME  : 

Ballads  and  Poems  of  Our  Empire. 

Both  these  works  will  be  illustrated,  partly  by  my  own  hand. 

In  the  mean  time  I  am  issuing  the  FIRST  CHEAP 
EDITION  (price  4s.  61.  net,  with  most  of  the  original 
illustrations)  of  that  not-yet-well-enough-known  book  of 
mine, 

THE      OUTCAST: 

A  Rhyme  for  the  Time, 

which  a  London  critic  (Mr.  Traill,  I  think  it  was)  described 
as  "  skittish."  It  is  a  work  as  yet,  incomplete,  but.  perfectly 
coherent,  in  itself,  and  it,  is  livelier  in  manner  than  some  of 
my  writings.  Simultaneously  with  it  appears  the  F1KST 
CHKAP  EDITION  (price  2s  'fid.  net)  of  a  humorous  book 
which  ran  through  many  editions  when  it  was  first  pub- 
lished anonymouslv, 

ST.    ABE    AND    HIS 
SEVEN  WIVES : 

A  Tale  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

This  new  edition  contains  an  amusing  bibliographical  note 
and  the  (afterwards  suppressed)  anticipatory  criticisms. 

For  details  of  my  oilier  publications  I  must  refer  Book- 
buyers  to  my  List,  sent  post  free  on  application  Every 
work  contained  in  it  is  written  as  well  as  published  by  me 
with  the  single  exception  of  the  new  prose  tale  by  the 
Author  of  '  The  (juccn  of  Oonnaught.' 

THE 

STRANGE  ADVENTURES  OF 
MISS  BROWN, 

%    CHARLES    MARLOWE, 

Will  b<>  published  (long  BVO.  price  3«,  W.)  on  Mondav  next 
February    1st       On    Ibis  story  was    (bunded    the  well  known' 

farcical  comedy  ol  I  he  same  name,  si  ill  running  successfully 
in  England  and  America. 

ROBERT  BUCHANAN. 

(lerrard-street,  Shaftesbury-a\enu<\  London,  IV. 


SMITH,    ELDER   &    CO.' S 
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The  ENGLISHMAN'S  CALENDAR  (February) 
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Study.     By  Major-General  F.  Maurice,  C  B. 
CANNING.     By  Goldwin  Smith,  D.C  L. 
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TWO    CENTURIES   of    NATIONAL    MONUMENTS.      By 

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DUELS  of  ALL   NATIONS.      II.    Duelling  in  the  United 

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ItY   MRS.   I. KITH   ADAMS. 

COLOUR    SERGEANT    No.   1   C0M- 

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JL  WUhKotM     By  mmii.mic!  ROIM 

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In  2  vols,  crown  8vo.  with  2  Portraits,  21*. 

JOHN  FRANCIS 
AND     THE     '  ATHEN^UM.' 

A  LITERARY   CHRONICLE   OF 
HALF  A  CENTURY. 

By    JOHN    C.    FKANCIS. 


"A  fascinating  page  of  literary  history." 

llhat rated  London  Newt. 

"This  literary  chronicle  of  half  a  century  must  at 
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permanent  work  of  reference." 

1'ublishers'  Circular. 

"  The  entire  work  affords  a  comprehensive  view 
of  the  intellectual  life  of  the  period  it  covers,  which 
will  he  found  extremely  helpful  by  students  of 
English  literature." — Christian  World. 

"A  worthy   monument  of  the    development    of 

literature  durinz  the  last  fifty  years The  volumes 

contain  not  a  little  specially  interesting  to  Scots- 
men."— Scotsman. 

"We  have  put  hefore  us  a  valuahle  collection  of 
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era  of  English  literature." — Standard. 

"  The  thought  of  compiling  these  volumes  was  a 
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John  C.  Francis,  the  son  of  the  veteran  publisher." 

Literary  World. 

"  The  volumes  abound  with  curious  and  interesting 
statements,  and  in  bringing  before  the  public  the 
most  notable  features  of  a  distinguished  journal 
from  its  infancy  almost  to  the  present  hour, 
Mr.  Francis  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  readers  inter- 
ested in  literature." — Spectator. 

"  It  was  a  happy  thought  in  this  age  of  jubilees  to 
associate  with  a  literary  chronicle  of  the  last  fifty 
vears  a  biographical   sketch  of  the  life   of  John 

Francis As  we  glance  through  the  contents  there 

is  scarcely  a  page  which  does  not  induce  us  to  stop 
and  read  about  the  men  and  events  that  are  sum- 
moned again  before  us." —  Western  Daily  Mercury. 

"The  book  is,  in  fact,  as  it  is  described,  a  literary 
chronicle  of  the  period  with  which  it  deals,  and  a 
chronicle  put  together  with  as  much  skill  as  taste 
and  discrimination.  The  information  given  about 
notable  people  of  the  past  is  always  interesting  and 
often  piquaut,  while  it  rarely  fails  to  throw  some 
new  light  on  the  individuality  of  the  person  to 
whom  it  refers." — Liverpool  Daily  Post. 

"  It  is  in  characters  so  sterling  aud  admirable  as 

this  that  the  real  strength  of  a  nation  lies The 

public  will  find  in  the  book  reading  which,  if  light 

and  easy,  is  also  full  of  interest  and  suggestion 

We  suspect  that  writers  for  the  daily  aud  weekly 
papers  will  find  out  that  it  is  convenient  to  keep 
these  volumes  of  handy  size,  and  each  having  its 
own  index,  extending  the  oue  to  20  the  other  to  30 
pages,  at  their  elbow  for  reference." 

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"No  memoir  of  Mr.  Francis  would  be  complete 
without  a  corresponding  history  of  the  journal  with 

which  his  name  will  for  ever  be  identified The 

extraordinary  variety  of  subjects  and  persons  re- 
ferred to,  embracing  as  they  do  every  event  in  litera- 
ture, and  referring  to  every  person  of  distinction  in 
science  or  letters,  is  a  record  of  such  magnitude  that 
we  can  only  indicate  its  outlines.  To  the  literary 
historian  the  volumes  will  be  of  incalculable  service." 

Bookseller. 

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almost  exclusively  to  the  first  volume  ;  indeed,  any- 
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notes  of  the  literature  of  the  period  with  which  it 
deals.  We  confess  that  we  have  heen  able  to  find 
very  few  pages  altogether  barren  of  interest,  and  by 
far  the  larger  portion  of  the  book  will  be  found 
irresistibly  attractive  by  all  who  care  anything  for 
the  history  of  literature  in  our  own  time." 

Manchester  Examiner. 

London  :  RICHARD  BENTLEY  &  SON, 

New  Burlington-street,  W., 
Publishers  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 


"  LrJAKM.n.  ClI.VI  I  V.    I'.kkiii.."      Atneiuum. 

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The  Sixth  Series  of  Notes  and  Queries,  complete  in  12  vols,  price  10*.  6<f.  each  Volume,  con- 
tains, in  addition  to  a  great  variety  of  similar  Notes  and  Replies,  Articles  of  Interest  on  the  following 
Subjects : — 


English,  Irish,  and  Scottish  History. 

The  Plagues  of  1605  and  1625— Wolves  In  England- 
Prices  in  the  Middle  Ages — Executions  of  1745 — The 
"Meal  Tub  Plot" — Episcopacy  in  Scotland  —  English 
Roman  Catholic  Martyrs — Hereward  le  Wake — Hiding- 
Piaces  of  Charles  II.— Where  did  Edward  II.  die?— 
Battle  between  Armies  of  Suetonius  and  Boadicea  — 
William  III.  at  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne — '  The  Green 
Bag" — Confidential  Letters  to  James  II.  about  Ireland — 
Anne  Boleyn's  Heart — Hubert  de  Burgh — Henry  Martin 
the  Regicide — Lord  Hussey  and  the  Lincolnshire  Re- 
bellion. 

Biography. 

Luis  de  Camoens  —  Thomas  Bell  —  Cromwell — William 
Penn — Nell  Gwynne — Coleridge — Curll  the  Bookseller — 
Sir  John  Cheke — Gibson,  Bishop  of  London — Thorpe  the 
Architect — Sir  Richard  Whittington — Charles  Wolfe. 

Bibliography  and  Literary  History. 

Shakspeariana — Chap- Book  Notes — "  Adeste  Fideles" — 
"The  Land  of  the  Leal" — John  Gilpin — 'Reynard  the 
Fox' — "Lead,  kindly  Light" — Rabelais — London  Pub- 
lishers of  18th  Century— The  Welsh  Testament —The 
Libraries  of  Balliol,  All  Souls',  Brasenosc,  and  Queen's 
Colleges,  Oxford — Key  to  '  Endymion  ' — Early  Roman 
Catholic  Magazines — Stuart  Literature — The  Libraries  of 
Eton,  and  Trinity  College,  Cambridge — "DameEuropa" 
Bibliography  —  Unpublished  Letters  of  Dr.  Johnson — 
"Rock  of  Ages" — '  Eikon  Basilike  Deutera ' — William 
of  Tyre — Bibliography  of  Skating — 'The  Book' — Notes 
on  the'Religio  Medici' — Authorship  of  the  'Imitatio' 
— Tristram  Shandy— Critical  Notes  of  Charles  Lamb. 

Popular  Antiquities  and  Folk-lore. 

Slavonic  Mythology  —  Folk-lore  of  Leprosy  —  Lycan- 
thropy — North  Italian  Folk-lore  —  Friday  unlucky  for 
Marriage — West  Indian  Superstitions — "Milky  Way" — 
Folk-lore  of  Birds— Feather  Buperstition— Medical  and 
Funeral  Folk-lore. 

Poetry,  Ballads,  and  Drama. 

The  Drama  in  Ireland—'  Tom  Jones '  on  the  French 
Stage — '  Auld  Robin  Gray'  —  '  Harpings  of  Lena' — 
MS.  of  Gray's  *  Elegy  '—The  '  Mystery '  of  8.  Panta- 
leon — Rogers's  'Pleasures  of  Memory' — "  Blue  bonnets 
over  the  Border" — Swift's  Verses  on  his  own  Death — 
Tennyson's  '  Palace  of  Art ' — Ballad  of  ■  William  and 
Margaret '  — The  Australian  Drama  — Poem  by  J.  M. 
Neale  —  Shelley's  'Ode  to  Mont  Blanc'  —  Hymns  by 
Chas.  Wesley — '  Cross  Purposes ' — Tennyson's  '  Dream 
of  Fair  Women ' — '  Logie  o'  Buclian.' 

Popular  and  Proverbial  Sayings. 

"To  rule  the  roast "—" Licked  into  shape "—"  Bosh  " 
— Joining  the  majority — Up  to  snuff — "To  the  bitter 
end" — Conspicuous  by  his  absence  —  Play  old  Goose- 
berry—  "The  grey  mare  is  the  better  horse"  —  Bred 
and  born  —  Drunk  as  David's  sow — Cut  off  with  a 
shilling— Tin=money — Getting  into  a  scrape. 


Philology. 

Tennis  —  Puzzle  —  Rickets — American  Spelling — Snob- 
Jolly — Boycotting — Argosy — Jennet — Bedford  —  Maiden 
in  Place-names— Deck  of  Cards — Masher— Belfry— Brag 
— Bulrush  —  Tram  —  Hearse  —  Whittling  —  Beef-eater  — 
Boom — At  bay. 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry. 

The  Arms  of  the  Popes — Courtesy  Titles— Rolls  of  Anns 
— Book-plates — Earldom  of  Mar— Arms  of  the  See  of 
York — Fitzhardinges  of  Berkeley — Heraldic  Differences 
—  Barony  of  Valoines  —  Colonial  Arms  —  Earldom  of 
Ormonde — Hie  Violet  in  Heraldry — Arms  of  Vasoo  da 
Gama — Seal  of  the  Templars — Earldom  of  Suffolk. 

Fine  Arts. 

Hogarth's  only  Landscape — The  '  Hours '  of  Raphael— 
Rubens's  'Daniel  and  the  Lions'  —  Early  Gillrays — 
Retzsch's  Outlines — Portraits  of  Byron — Velasquez  and 
his  Works — Tassie's  Medallions — Copley's  '  Attack  on 
Jersey.' 

Ecclesiastical  Matters. 

The  Revised  Version— Pulpits— The  Episcopal  Wig- 
Vestments — Temporal  Power  of  Bishops — Easter  Sepul- 
chres— Canonization — The  Basilican  Bite — The  Scottish 
Office — Tulchan  Bishops — Seventeenth  Century  "  Indul- 
gence"—  The  "Month's  Mind"  —  Clergy  hunting  in 
Scarlet — The  Irish  Hierarchy — Libraries  in  Churches- 
Lambeth  Degrees— Fifteenth  Century  Rood-screens- 
Franciscans  in  Scotland — Bishops  of  Dunkeld — Prayer- 
Book  Rule  for  Easter— Fur  Tippets— The  Church  in  the 
Channel  Isles — Metrical  Psalms — Order  of  Adminis- 
tration. 

Classical  Subjects. 

'  Persii  8atirae  ' — Roman  Arithmetic— The  Alastor  of 
Augustus — "  Acervus  Mercurii" — "  Vescus"  in  Georgics, 
iii.  175 — Oppian — Juvenal's  Satire  ii. — Transliteration  of 
Iliad  i. — Aristophanes'  '  Ranae  ' — Simplicius  on  Epic- 
tetus — Tablet  of  Cebes — Imitative  Verse — "Felix  quem 
faciunt."  &c. 

Topography. 

Grub-street— Porta  del  Popolo— "  Turk's  Head  "  Bagnio 
—The  Old  Corner  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral— Thames 
Embankments — Statue  in  Brasenose  Quadrangle— Middle 
Temple  Lane— Ormond-street  Chapel — Roman  Villa  at 
Sandown— Ashburnham  House— Care w  Castle— Rushton 
Hall,  Westenhaugh— Welton  House. 

Miscellaneous. 

Christian  Names— Election  Colours— Buried  Alive— O.  K. 
—Ladies'  Clubs— Zoedone— Berkeley-square  Mystery— 
Wife  Selling— The  Telephone— Scrutin  de  Liste— Croco- 
dile's Tears— Jingo— The  Gipsies— Hell-Fire  Club— Tarot 
— Tobacco  in  England — Sea  Sickness  unknown  to  the 
Ancients— Names  of  American  States — Carucate— Female 
Soldiers  and  Sailors— Mistletoe— Giants— Jewesses  and 
Wigs— Memories  of  Trafalgar— Green  Eyes— Beaumon- 
tague— Secret  Chambers  in  Ancient  Houses— The  Bona- 
parte-Patterson Marriage— Ace  of  Spades — Wig  Curlers- 
Female  Churchwardens— The  Opal— House  of  Keys- 
Church  Registers  —  Arm-in-arm  —  E.  O.  —  Napoleon— 
Legacy  to  Cautillon. 


Published  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  Bream's-buildings,  Chancery-lane,  E.C. 


N°3614,  Jan.  30,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


163 


po        S        MOPOLIS: 

\J  An  International  and  Tri-Lingual  Monthly  Review. 

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FUTURE    of   the    DEMOCRATIC    ORGANIZATION.    Sens  tor  David 
B.  Hill. 

The  PRESENT  and  FUTURE  of  CUBA.    Fidel  G.  Pierre. 

EVIL8   to    be    REMEDIED  in    OUR   CONSULAR    SERVICE     Hon 

William  Woodville  Rockhlll. 
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The   RESULTS    of   CARDINAL    SATOLLI'8    MISSION.      Kev      Dr 
Edward  McGlynn. 

ECONOMY  of  TIME  in  TEACHING.    Dr.  J.  M.  Rice. 
SPEEDY    FINANCIAL   and   CURRENCY   REFORM     IMPERATIVE 
Hon.  Charles  N.  Fowler. 

The  CURE  for   a   VICIOUS  MONETARY   SYSTEM.    Senator  W    A 
Pener. 

POE'S  OPINION  of  'The  RAVEN.'    Joel  Benton. 

The  CRIMINAL  in  Ihe  OPEN.    Josiah  Flynt. 

The  NEW  MEMOIRS  of  EDWARD  GIBBON.    Frederic  Harrison. 

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BT.^mbDKCEM  G^m"8  P0PUla"  and  "8  M  AS*»ts-     S"  J»»» 
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W1  John  C  Kenw^rth    *  Memory'  Fer80nal  and  otherwise.     Part  II. 

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The  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION  in  AMERICA.    H.  N.  Mozley,  M  A 

The  GROWTH  of  the  SPEAKERSHIP.    J  G.  Swift  MacNeill  MP 

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STORMLIGHT. 

"A  thrilling  tale,  chock  full  of  sensational  incidents." 

Liverpool  Post. 
BY  THOMAS  HENEY. 

THE  GIRL  AT  BIRRELL'S. 

"Lifelike  and  charming An  intense  charm.     In  short, 

the  author  lias  captured  his  reader  by  sheer  good  writing." 

Sheffield  Telegraph. 

BY  COULSON  KERNAHAN. 

A  DEAD  MAN'S  DIARY. 

"  Has  achieved  a  brilliant  success." — Globe. 
"  Great  reverence  aud  much  literary  power." 

Daily  Telegraph. 


BY  JOSEPH  HOCK1NO. 

FIELDS  OF  FAIR  RENOWN. 

"  As  a  story  the  In/ok  will  charm  as  much  as  its  teaching 
will  profit.  In  point  of  plot.  Incident,  lUrprlie,  and  descrip- 
tive power,  it  is  not  a  whit  Ijehind  anv  of  Mr.  Hocking's 
previous  works,  and  that  is  saying  a  good  deal.  The  author 
is  a  bom  story-teller  ;  but  what  strikes  us  even  more  than 
his  power  to  rivet  the  attention  of  his  readers  is  the  great 
moral  earnestness  by  which  he  is  consumed." 

Free  Methodist. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ALL  MEN  ARE  LIARS. 

"This  is  a  notable  book  ;  thoughtful  people  will  be  fasci- 
nated by  its  actuality,  its  fearlessness,  and  the  insight  it 
gives  into  the  influence  of  modern  thought  and  literature 
upon  the  minds  and  morals  of  our  most  promising  man- 
hood."— Christian  World. 

ISHMAEL  PENGELLY: 

AN   OUTCAST. 

"The  characters  are  admirably  drawn An  extremely 

vigorous,  healthful,  and  interesting  tale." — Academy. 

THE  STORY  OF  ANDREW 
FAIRFAX. 

"  Rustic  scenes  and  characters  are  drawn  with  free,  broad 
touches,  without  Mr.  Buchanan's  artificiality,  and,  if  we 
may  venture  to  say  it,  with  more  idealism  thaii  in  Mr. 
Hardy's  country  pictures." — Manchester  Examiner. 

THE  MONK  OF  MAR-SABA. 

"Mr.  Hocking  has  ■  ndoubtedly  the  power  of  telling  a 
stirring  incident  well,  and  he  gives  one  the  impression  of 
being  pervaded  by  moral  earnestness." — Spectator. 

JABEZ  EASTERBROOK. 

"  A  book  that  can  be  read  with  interest  and  profit.  A 
clever  story  cleverly  told." — Record. 

ZILLAH :  a  Romance. 

"  The  interest,  as  the  plot  unravels,  is  thrilling." — Rock, 


TEN  SPLENDID  5s.  NOVELS. 


ETHEL  TURNER'S  WORKS. 
Third  Edition  now  ready,  crown  8vo.  cloth  gilt,  lis.  W. 

THE  LITTLE  LARRIKIN. 

"  This  is  a  most  delightful,  pathetic,  and  humorous— yet 
neither  too  pathetic  nor  too  humorous — story." — Spectator. 

"  The  character  of  Lol  is  exquisitely  drawn,  and  the  say- 
ings and  doings  of  the  curly-headed  little  wag  furnish  the 
material  for  some  of  the  most  amusingly  delightful  pages  of 
the  book." — Western  Daily  Press. 

"  So  brightly  written,  and  so  full  of  delicate  touches  of 
both  humour  and  pathos."—  Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  An  exceedingly  clever  and  amusing  story." 

St.  James's  Gazette. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 
SIXTH  EDITION. 

SEVEN  LITTLE  AUSTRALIANS. 

"  Ought  to  capture  hearts  young  and  old  as  '  Helen's 
Babies'  captured  them.  A  book  which  both  children  and 
adults  will  love." — Queen. 

FOURTH  EDITION. 

THE  FAMILY  AT  MISRULE. 

"  Its  charm  consists  in  its  simple  and  natural  style,  its 
mingled  fun  and  pathos,  and  in  the  delineation  of  the 
characters." — Standard. 


GUY    BOOTHBY3    NEW    NOVEL. 

IX>DBTH    EDITION    NOW  READY. 
Crown  8vo.  cloth,  5*. 

DR.    NIKOLA. 

"One  hairbreadth  escape  succeeds  another  with  rapidity 

that  scarce  leaves  the  reader  breathing  space The  InU 

of  their  experience  is  sufficient  to  stay  criticism  and  carry 
him  through  a  story  ingeniously  invented  and  skilfully 
told." — Scotsman. 

"  A  most  thrilling  story  throughout,  manly  and  brave, 
and  Sherlock  Holmes  has  at  last  found  a  successor." 

Glasgow  Herald. 

BY   THE    SAME  AUTHOR. 

BEAUTIFUL  WHITE  DEVIL. 

SIXTH  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

"  A  more  exciting  romance  no  one  could  reasonably  ask 
tor." — Yorkshire  Post. 

"  Mr.  Boothby  has  conceived  an  original  idea  and  worked 
it  out  in  original  fashion A  capital  book."—  Globe. 

A  BID  FOR  FORTUNE. 

"  He  never  allows  the  interest,  to  drop  from  first  page  tn 

last The  plot  is  highly  ingenious,  and  when  once  it  has 

fairly  thickened,  exciting  to  a  degree." — Times. 

IN  STRANGE  COMPANY. 
The  MARRIAGE  of  ESTHER. 


BY  ARTHUR  MORRISON, 
Author  of  '  Tales  of  Mean  Streets '  and  '  A  Child  of  the  Jago." 

MARTIN  HEWITT,  Investigator. 

CHRONICLES  OF 
MARTIN    HEWITT. 

ADVENTURES  OF 
MARTIN    HEWITT. 

"The  ingenuity  and  skill  with  which  he  unravels  the 
threads  and  puts  his  finger  ou  criminals  are  altogether  ex- 
ceptional."— Standard. 

"  He  has  a  very  pretty  skill  in  unravelling  mysteries,  and 
even  when  he  fails  he  displays  an  infinite  amount  of  acumen 

and  resource Have  a  certain  literary  excellence  which  is 

not  often  to  be  met  with  in  works  of  this  class." — Bookman. 


BY  FRANCIS  PREVOST. 

RUST    OF    GOLD. 

Art  canvas,  5*. 

"  A  series  of  fin  de  siide  stories  of  great  power  and  pic- 
turesqueness As  word  pictures  they  are  simply  master- 
pieces."— Daily  Telegraph. 

ON  THE  VERGE. 

Art  canvas,  bs. 

"  His  dialogues  sparkle  with  epigrammatic  brilliancy 

An  infinite  charm  about  them." — Pall  Mali  Gazette. 


Just  ready,  crown  8vo.  buckram,  5*. 

AT  RANDOM.    By  L.  F.  Austin.    With  Photogravure  Portrait  of  the  Author. 

"  Mr.  Louis  Austin's  dainty  little  volume,  dainty  in  intellectual  intention,  and  externally  as  comely  a  specimen  of  the  bookbinder's  art  as  you  may  desire In  short,  a  delightful 

book— a  book  which  cm  be  taken  in  exhilarating  sips  from  time  to  time,  and  read  through  in  an  hour  or  two  with  infinite  profit."— Sketch. 

NEW  BOOK  BY  MRS.  LOUISE  CHANDLER  MOULTON.— Crown  8vo.  cloth  gilt.  6*. 

LAZY  TOURS.    By  Mrs.  Louise  Chandler  Moulton,  Author  of  'Bedtime  Stories/ 

'Swallows'  Flights,"  &c. 
"  Mrs.  MoultOll  has  ideas,  and  the  courage  of  them,  and  they  leap  to  light  in  artistic  criticism  and  sometimes  in  subtle  appreciation  of  much  more  than  the  mere  pageants  of  life." 

"  Compels  us  to  read  her  book  from  cover  to  cover A  fresh  enchantment,  is  also  given  as  we  wander  with  Mrs.  Moulton. , —  Daily  Chronicle.  SpeaAer. 

"Not  a  dull  line.     On  every  page  are  scattered  pretty  phrases,  jewelled  sentences,  and  gems  of  biography  or  description Can  you  imagine  stories  better  told  ?    A  book  as  gracious 

and  interesting  as  any  we  have  ruad  this  year." — Echo. 

London:  WARD,  LOCK  &  CO.,  Limited,  Salisbury-square,  E.C. 

tentorial   Communications  should  be   addressed   to   "The   Editor"  —  Advertisements  and   Business   Letters  to   "The   Publisher "  — at  the   Othce.    Breams-buildings.   Cbaneery-lmne,  B.C. 
Printed  by  Joun  Edwaiid  Fautcis,  Athena?«m  Press,  Bream's-bulldlngs.  Chancery-l&ne,  B.C.  j  and  Published  by  John  C.  Famcis  at  Bream's  buildings,  Chancery-lane,  B.C. 
Agents  tor  Stort*Nn,  Messrs.  Bell  A  liradtute  and  Mr.  John  Meniies,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  January  DO,  18S>7. 


THE   ATHENAEUM 

journal  of  <&nqii$f)  antt  foreign  Utterature,  £ctence,  tfje  dFtne  Hm,  ffluzit  anfcr  tfie  Bratm 


No.  3615. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY    6,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


ROYAL   INSTITUTION  of  GREAT   BRITAIN, 
Albemarle-street,  Piccadilly,  \V. 
THURSDAY  NEXT  (February  11).  at  3  o'clock,  J.  W.  GREGORY, 
Esq.,  D.Sc   F.R.S.,  FIRST  of  THREE  LECTURES  on  'The  Problems 
«f  Arctic  Geology.'    Haifa-Guinea  the  Course 

SATURDAY  (February  13),  at  3  o'clock,  WALTER  FREWEN  LORD, 
Esq.,  FIRST  of  a  COURSE  of  THREE  LECTURES  on  'The  Growth 
■of  the  Mediterranean  Route  to  the  East '    Haifa-Guinea. 


u 


NIVERSITY     COLLEGE,     LONDON. 


BARLOW  LECTURES. 

The  Rev.  E.  MOORE,  D.D.,  will  give  TWELVE  LECTURES  on 
DANTE'S  'PURGATORIO' on  the  WEDNESDAYS  and  THURSDAYS 
■of  the  last  three  weeks  in  FEBRUARY  and  MAY,  18H7,  viz  ,  Feb- 
ruary 10, 11,  17,  18,  24,  25,  and  May  12,  13,  19,  20,  26,  27.  The  time  will 
tie  3  r.M. 

These  Lectures  will  be  in  continuation  of  those  given  last  year,  and 
will  consist  of  continuous  readings  on  the  earlier  Cantos  of  the'Pur- 
gatorio,'  with  Notes  and  Illustrations,  beginning  with  Canto  IV. 

The  Lectures  on  February  10  and  11  will  be  on  '  Dante  as  a  Religious 
Teacher,  especially  in  reference  to  Catholic  Doctrine.' 

The  LectureB  will  be  open  to  the  Public  without  Fee  or  Tickets. 

J.  M.  HORSBURGH,  MA.,  Secretary. 

SECRETARYSHIP  or  CLERKSHIP  DESIRED 
by  a  LADY  who  has  held  similar  post.  University  education. 
Mathematics  (Tripos),  Latin,  French,  German.  Excellent  testimonials. 
— D.,  3,  Goldsr.iith-square,  Nottingham. 

SECRETARYSHIP. —  LADY  SHORTHAND 
WRITER  (Pitman's  system)  DESIRES  a  FEW  HOURS'  DAILY 
OCCUPATION  as  SECRETARY.  —  Address  P.,  Farmer's  Library, 
Edward's-terrace,  Kensington. 

COPFING.— TWO  LADIES,  experienced  in  copy- 
ing English  Manuscript.  SEEK  EMPLOYMENT  in  Public  Build- 
ing or  otherwise— J.  K,  care  of  Lloyds,  26  and  27,  Budge-row,  Cannon- 
street,  E.C. 

OXFORD  GRADUATE  in  Classical  Honours  and 
Modern  Language,  University  Scholar  and  Exhibitioner,  at 
present  Assistant  Master  in  Public  School,  would  be  glad  to  get  some 
POST  in  first-rate  PUBLISHING  BUSINESS,  with  a  view,  possibly,  to 
becoming  Partner  and  introducing  capital,  or  to  obtain  Partnership 
in  Coaching  Establishment  for  Army  and  University  Examinations. 
First-rate  references.— Address  Eai.liol,  care  of  Willings'  Advertise- 
ment Offices,  162,  Piccadilly,  W. 

GRADUATE,  Classical  Honours,  TEACHES 
CLASSICS  and  GERMAN,  and  Prepares  for  Examinations  He 
would  also  be  willing  to  accept  Tutorial  or  Travelling  Engagements 
for  Easter  or  Summer  Vacations. — E.  C,  30,  Lower  Belgiuve-street, 
Eaton-square. 

JOURNALISTIC  PUPIL  REQUIRED  by 
LONDON  EDITOR.  Thorough  training  given,  and  probably 
good  position  later—  Premium,  care  of  Watkins  &  Osmond,  62,  Ludgate- 
hill,  London,  EC. 

AN  ASSISTANT  MISTRESS  is  REQUIRED  for 
the  CENTRAL  CLASSES  for  PUPIL  TEACHERS  and  the 
TECHNICAL  DAY  SCHOOL.  Salary  90(.  per  annum— For  further 
particulars  apply  at  once  to 

A.  GODFREY  DAY,  Director  of  Studies. 
Guildhall,  Bath. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  with  capital,  is  desirous  of 
PURCHASING  a  PARTNERSHIP  in  a  NEWSPAPER  or  PUB- 
LISHING BUSINESS  which  will  show  good  returns  on  the  investment. 
Only  Principals  (or  their  Solicitors)  treated  with.— Address  R.,  care  of 
Messrs.  Morton,  Cutler* Co  ,  Solicitors,  99,  Newgate-street,  B.C. 

pIVIL   SERVICE  COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

Kj  Examination— DRAUGHTSMAN  in  the  HYDROGRAPHICAL 
DEPARTMENT  of  the  ADMIRALTY  (17-25),  FEBRUARY  17.  Expett- 
ness  in  Hydrographical  Chart  Drawing  essential.  The  date  specified  is 
the  latest  at  which  applications  can  be  received.  They  must  be  made 
on  forms  to  be  obtained,  with  particulars,  from  the  Secretary,  Civil 
Service  Commission,  London,  S.W. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill,  Staines— The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies.  About 
40  Students  will  be  admitted  in  September,  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department. — For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  College. 

BOYS'  STORIES.— Any  number  of  the  above 
required;  about  twenty  thousand  Mords  in  length:  plenty  of 
dash  and  fun,  though  sound  in  tone  Payment  on  approval.  Declined 
Mss  returned.— Address  Hoys'  Stories,  care  of  Hart's  Advertising 
Offices,  MallraverB  House,  Arundel-street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TECHNICAL  LESSONS  in  LITERATURE. 
Visiting  or  by  Correspondence  MSS  Revised;  Lessons  in  study 
of  Browning,  Tennyson,  Dante,  &c.  Terms  moderate.  Good  refer- 
ences—C.  Cole,  Mayland,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

'  THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.     Conducted 

I  By  FLORENCE  MARRYAT.  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Anting  Fiction,  Journalism,  and  the  Drama.— Apply  to  Sli  aai  la,  :ii 
Abercorn-placc,  N.W. 


CCHOOL    for   the    DAUGHTERS  of    GENTLE- 

KJ  MEN,  Granville  House,  Meads,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education, 
ugliest  references.  Rome  comforts  Large  grounds,  irlth  Croquet 
and  lennls  Lawns.— For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Paint  no 


TREBOVIR      HOUSE      SCHOOL, 

-*-  l,  Trebovir-road,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

Principal— Mrs.  W.  R.  0OLE. 
Special  Courses  of  Lessons,  on  original  lines,  in  Freehand  Drawing 
Designing,  and   Brush  Work,  will  be  given  l,v   Mr    BDWIN  COO 
Also  Masses  Tor  Colour,  Cast  and  Figure  Drawing,  and  sketching  from 
Nature,  by  Mr.  ARTHUR  pound  rfuOHBt) 

li  I  sows  ;,,..!    I  ill  ksiiats  throughout  the  Term. 
*.•  The  PRESENT  TERM  COMMENCED  MONDAY,  January  18. 


TTNIVERSITY    COLLEGE,   LONDON.— The 

*-J  Course  of  Instruction  in  ELEMENTARY  BIOLOGY  for  Students 
preparing  for  the  Prel.  Sci.  and  Int  Sci  Examinations  at  the  University 
of  London  BEGINS  on  FEBRUARY  16,  1897 

J.  M.  HORSBURGH,  MA,  Secretary. 

ASSISTANT      SCHOOLMISTRESSES.  —  Miss 

jlJl  LOUISA  BROUG-H  can  recommend  University  Graduates,  Trained 
and  Certificated  Hiph  School  Teachers.  Foreign  Teachers,  Kindergarten 
Mistresses,  &c. — Central  Registry  for  Teachers,  25,  Craven- street, 
Charing  Cross,  W.C. 

I  EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
-l  can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs  GABBITAS, 
THRING  &  CO  ,  who,  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Boys  and  Girls,  and  successful  Tutors  in  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements  —36,  Sackville-street,  W. 


A 


DVICE   as  to   CHOICE   of  SCHOOLS.— The 

Scholastic  Association  (a  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
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all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad.— A  statement  of  requirements 
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Strand,  London,  W.C. 

MR.  GERALD  MARSHALL  UNDERTAKES 
GENEALOGICAL  SEARCHES  in  Town  and  Country  Indices 
Searched  and  Abstracts  of  Records  made  at  low  inclusive  rates— Care 
of  Greenberg  &  Co  ,  80,  Chancery-lane.  W.C. 

TYPE -WRITING.— MSS.  of  all  kinds  copied 
from  Id.  per  folio.  Large  quantities  by  arrangement.  Work 
sent  by  post  receives  immediate  attention.  Testimonials  Duplicated. 
Translations.— Ed.  Graham,  Surrey  Chambers,  17-',  Strand,  London. 


^TYPE-WRITING.— Terms,  Id.  per  folio  (72  words); 

J-      or  5  000  words  and  over,  Is.  per  Thousand.— Miss  Nightingall, 
The  Avenue,  Stevenage,  Herts. 

nWPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.   per  folio 

JL     of  72  words     R&ferences  to  Authors. — Miss  Gladding,  23,  Lans- 
downe-gardens,  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 


WELL-READ  TYPIST  DESIRES  AUTHORS' 
MSS  —Accustomed  to  French  and  Spanish  Documents.  Good 
references  to  Authors  lOd.  per  1,000,  including  paper. — J.  Irwin,  59, 
Selborne-street,  Liverpool. 

^TYPE-WRITING.— MSS.,   Scientific,  and  of  all 

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(for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

MQ     TYPE-WRITTEN  with  care  and  precision 

-L*JLkI/»  by  experienced  Typist,  and  returned  promptly,  lOd.  per 
1,000  words.  Translations  made. — Literatou,  3,  Rendlesham-road, 
London,  N.E 

SECRETARIAL  BUREAU.— Confidential  Secre- 
tary, Miss  FETHERBRIDGE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  start"  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 
graphers, and  Typists.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters. 
Literary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  Languages, 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU,  9,  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indexers.    Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

r|WPE-WRITERS    and  CYCLES.— The  standard 

JL  makes  at  half  the  usual  prices.  Machines  lent  on  hire,  also  Bought 
and  Exchanged.  Sundries  and  Repairs  to  all  Machines.  Terms,  cash 
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74,  Chancery-lane,  London.  Established  1884.  Telephone  6690.  Tele 
grams,  '-Glossator,  London." 

EDITORS  in  SEARCH  of  good  FICTION  should 
write  for  J.  F.  SPRIGGS'S  LIST  o[  OVER  ONE  HUNDRED 
WORKS  Offered  for  SERIAL  PUBLICATION,  The  Authors  include 
the  most  Popular  Novelists  of  the  Day —J  F  Spiuggs's  NXW6FAPEH 
Serial  Aokncy,  21.  Paternoster-square,  London,  EC. 


HMHE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.      Established  1879. 

J.  Proprietor,  Mr.  A  M.  BURGHE8,  1,  ratrrnoster-row.  The 
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with  Publishers  Transfers  carefully  conducted.  Thirty  years'  practical 
experience  in  all  kinds  of  Publishing  and  Hook  Producing.  Consultation 
free— Terms  and  testimonials  from  Leading  Authors  on  application  to 
Mr.  A   M   Rubohks,  Authors'  Agent,  1,  Paternoster-row. 

9,  Hart-stt.f.kt,  Ui.oumsuury,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Covent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench.  Triibner  A  Co.,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  hap 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBL18HBH  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Hooks.    Address  as  above. 

AUTHORS  should  write  for  Prospectus  of  the 
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ing the  Works  of  New  Authors  Conducted  by  Mr  A  H.  Lxish, late 
Manager  of  Tower  Publishing  Co.,  St  Paul's  Chambers,  11),  Ludgalo- 
hill,  London.  B  ('. 

'IK)  AUTHORS.-  The  ROXRURGHK  PRESS, 
JL  18,  Victoria-street,  Westminster,  arc  open  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
In  all  lii-nnclu".  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  n  rlew  to  Publish 
ins:  in  Volume  Form,  Every  facility  for  bri&irlng  Works  before  tin- 
Trade,  toe  Libraries, and  the  Heading  Public  illustrated  catalogue 
post  froe  on  application. 

WILL  all  STUDENTS  and  ADMIRERS  of 
CHAJILES  DICKENS'S  WORKS  kindly  tend  their  Name,  nnd 
Addresses  to  Tut;  Mink. in,  The  ltoxburghc  Press,  15,  Victoria-street, 
Westminster? 


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obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMTBNS.  ANTIBES,  BEAULIEU- SUB  -  MER.  BIARRITZ.  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-SUK-MEK  CALAIS,  CANNES,  DIJON.  DUN- 
KIRK, HAVRE.  LILLE,  LYONS.  MARSEILLES.  MENTONE, 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS, 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoll,  Paris. 

TNFORMATION     respecting    WORKS     by    Mr. 

A    RUSKIN  and  others,  published  by  Mr   ALLEN,  of  Orpituton  and 
156,  Charing  Cross-road,  W.C  ,  will  be  found  on  p.  169  of  this  paper. 


&      CO., 


MESSRS.       DIGBY,       LONG 
PUBLISHERS. 
18,  Bouverie-street,  London,  E.C, 
Invite  AUTHORS  (Popular  or  otherwise)  to  submit  their  MSS.  (Fiction, 
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C  MITCHELL  &  CO.,  Agents  for  the  Sale  and 
•  Purchase  of  Newspaper  Properties,  undertake  Valuations  for 
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of  Terms  on  application. 

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QEntitloQxtes. 

Now  ready, 

/CATALOGUE  of   FRENCH    BOOKS,  at  greatly 

VV    reduced  prices     1    PHILOSOPHY-.     II.  RELIGION.     III.  HIS- 
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ILLIAMS      &      NORGATE, 

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CATALOGUES  on  application. 


w 


E 


LLIS  &  ELYEY, 

Dealers  in  Old  and  Rare  Books. 

Libraries  Catalogued,  Arranged,  Valued,  and  Purchased. 

CATALOGUES  issued  at  frequent  intervals. 

29,  New  Bond-street,  London,  W. 


NEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  19)  now  ready.  Choice 
Engravings,  Drawings,  and  Rooks— Constable's  English  Land- 
scape—Turner's Liber  Studiorum— Drawings  by  Turner.  Prout,  Hunt, 
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Ward,  2,  Church-terrace,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

rpo  BOOKBUYERS  and  LIBRARIANS  of  FREE 

JL  LIBRARIES  —The  FEBRUARY  CATALOGUE  of  valuable  NEW 
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ready,  and  will  be  sent  post  free  upon  application  to  W.  H  Smith  & 
Son.  Library  Department,  186,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

KARSLAKE'S  CATALOGUE,  No.  1,  now  ready. 
Next  week's  Window-Exhibit  will  be  a  tine  COLLECTION  of 
EX-LIBRIS— 61,  Charing  Cross-road,  W.C. 

pLEARANCE  CATALOGUE  of  SECOND-HAND 

\J  ROOKS  now  ready.  20  PER  CENT.  GENUINE  DISCOUNT, 
consequent  upon  the  dissolution  of  Sn  hi  INO  &  G  o.i.ow  vv,  H,  Garrick- 
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N 


THE  LATE  ARCHBISHOP  OF  CANTERBURY. 

O.  561    of    SOTHEKAN'S    PRICE    CURRENT 

of  LITERATURE, 
just  published,  includes  so  much  of  the  late  ARCHBISHOP  BENSON'S 
LIBRARY'  a9  was  not  retained  by  his  Family,  many  of  the  Volumes 
bearing  his  autograph  or  Notes.  The  whole  Catalogue  comprises  a 
Collection  of  Works  in  Theology.  Philosophy,  History,  and  Classical 
and  Modern  Literature,  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
H.  Sothhoam  &  Co.,  140,  Strand,  W  ('.  ,  or  NT.  Piccadilly.  W. 

pHEAP    BOOKS.— THREEPENCE    DISCOUNT 

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Ji    (Subscription   paid   to  June.  1897).     A  reasonable  oiler  will   be 
taken— Write  E   M.  It  ,  care  01  May  &  Williams,  180,  Piccadilly,  W. 

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VT    Hon  (16281  17  indies  bx  i.-.  TOBBSOLDbj  PRX1  in:  n;r\i\ 
Letters     a  .  <;  Benson  road,  Croydon, 


rrilREK-QUAHTER  SUIT  AKMOUR:   important 

1       Cattle  Painting,  with  mlsl  nnd  mountain's,  and  a  Collection  Old 

Bichange.— fiheppey  \iiia, ;, 


Japanese  Carlos,  Inroe,  Netsnklet,  ftti 

Kimiim'\  -rOftd,  Hi  ixton 


w 


ANTED   TO    PURCHASE,    the  INDEXES  to 

the  SECOND,  THIRD,  nnd    IT  F  I'll    SERIES  of   NOTES   and 

QUBRIBS,  in  the  original  cloth  covers  —Apply,  stating  condition  and 
price,  to  Mi'  or,  care  of  ,Yc»/fj  «»!<(  Qufrtff,  Brcam's-buildink- 


166 


Til  E     A  Til  KNTKT  M 


N°3615,  Feb.  P,  '07 


THE  HANFSTAENGL 

GALLERIES, 

1G,   PALL  MALL  LAST,  B.W. 
(nearly  opposite  the  National  Gallery), 

Inspection  invited. 

REPRODUCTION  IN  CARBON  PRINT 
AND   PHOTOGRAVURE. 

PICTURES    in   the    NATIONAL 

GALLERY.  To  be  published  in  Ten  Parts.  Illustrated 
in  Gravure,  with  Descriptive  Text,  written  by  CHAKLKS 
L.  KASTLAKK.  Keeper  of  the  National  Gallery.  Cover 
designed  by  Walter  Crane.     Price  to  Subscribers,  7/.  10s. 

[/'art  III  now  ready. 

The    HOLBEIN    DRAWINGS.      By 

Special  Permission  of  Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  51  fine 
Keproductions  of  the  Famous  Drawings  at  Windsor 
Castle,  bound  in  Artistic  Cover.    Price  bl.  5s. 


The  OLD  MASTERS.    Reproductions 

from  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE,  WINDSOR  CASTLE, 
NATIONAL  GALLERY,  LONDON,  AMSTERDAM, 
BERLIN,  BUUSSELS,  CASSEL,  DRESDEN,  HAAG, 
HAARLEM,  VIENNA,  MUNICH. 


LEADING   ARTISTS  of  the   DAY. 

9.000  Reproductions  from  the  Works  of  BURNE  JONES, 
WATTS.  ROSSETTI,  ALMA  TADEMA,  SOLOMON, 
HOFFMAN,  BODENHAUSEN,  PLOCKHORST,  THU- 
MANN,  &c. 

CATALOGUED  POST  FREE. 


THE  AUTOTYPE  COMPANY. 


FORD  MADOX  BROWN. 
DANTE  GABRIEL  ROSSETTI. 
FREDERIC  J.  SHIELDS. 

A  Series  of  AVTOTYPE  REPRODUCTIONS  ol  Die  Chief  Works  of 
these  Masters  is  now  ON  VIEW  at  the  GRAFTON  GALLERIES.  They 
include  the  chief  Cartoons  made  hy  Ford  Madox  Brown  lor  stained 
glass,  his  '  Cordelia's  Portion,' '  English  Hoy,'  '  Shakespeare,'  '  Homer,' 
&c.  ;  Rossetti's  '  lieata  Beatrix,  'Lamp  of  Memory,'  '  Monna  Rosa,' 
'Proserpine,'  'The  Annunciation,'  The  Blessed  Damozel,'  'Studies  lor 
the  Oxford  Frescoes,'  <&c. 

Particulars  on  application. 


A  NEW  PORTRAIT  OF  ROBERT  BROWNING. 

Painted  by  1).  O  ROSSETTI  in  1855.  REPRODUCED  in  AUTOGRA 
A'URE  from  the  Original  in  the  possession  of  C.  Fairfax  Murray,  Esq. 
Size  of  work,  4}  by  4J  incbes.  Proofs  on  Vellum,  21s. ;  on  Japanese, 
10,.  6<f.  j  prints,  5*. 

THE  WEST  FRONT  OF  PETERBOROUGH 
CATHEDRAL. 

From  a  Negative  specially  taken  before  the  ercetion'of  the  scaffolding 
by  R  G.  SCKIVEN,  F.S.I.  Printed  in  Sepia  or  warm  black,  18  by  IS 
inches,  price  10s  W. 

G.     F.     WATTS,     R.A. 

A  large  Series  of  the  Chief  Works  of  this  Master,  including  the  great 
Allegorical  Designs  and  many  others. 

Full  particulars  on  application. 


FRENCH  PAINTERS  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 
CENTURY. 

PERMANENT  CAltnON  REPRODUCTIONS  of  WORKS  by  JEAN 
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ROUGUEREAU.  MEISSCNIER.  CAKOIAS  -  DIR.VN,  CAHANEL, 
DEBATFONSAN,  E.  ADAN,  &c,  in  various  sizes. 


THE  ENGLISH  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE 
PAINTING 

Including  the  Chief  Works  of  JOHN  CONSTABLE,  It  A  ,  J.  M.  W 
TURNER,  R.A,  THOMAS  OAINSBOBOUOH,  R.A.,  11.  P.  HONING- 
TON,  OLD  CBOHB,  W.J.  Ml  I.LER,  DAVID  COX,  OIIITIN,  SAMUEL 
PROUT,  &c. 


AHRIDGEI)  CATALOGUES  ON  APPLICATION. 


THE 


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NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  LONDON,  W.C. 


MUDIE'S 

SELECT 

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FOR  Till']  CIRCULATION  AND  SALE  OF 
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The  List  contains  POPULAR  WORKS  in 
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Also  NEW  and  SURPLUS  COPIES  of  FRENCH, 
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48,  QUEEN  VICTORIA-STREET,  EC. ;  and  at 

BARTON  ARCADE,  MANCHESTER. 

THE     AUTHOR'S     HAIRLESS     PAPER-PAD. 
(The  LEADEN  HALL  PRESS,  Ltd.,  50,  Leadenhall-street, 
London,  E.C.) 
Contains    hairless    paper,   over   which    the    pen  slips  with    perfect 
freedom.    Sixpence  each.    5*\  per  dozen,  ruled  or  plain. 

TO  INVALIDS.— A  LIST  of  MEDICAL  MEN 
in  all  parts  willing  to  RECEIVE  RESIDENT  PATIENTS,  giving 
full  particulars  and  terms,  sent  gratis.  The  list  includes  Private 
Asylums.  &c. ;  Schools  also  recommended. — Address  Mr.  G.  B.  Stockes, 
8,  Lancaster-place,  Strand,  W.C. 

"L^URNISHED    APARTMENTS    in    one    of    the 

I?  most  pleasant  positions  in  TUNHRIDGE  WELLS  South  aspect, 
good  view,  three  minutes'  walk  from  the  town  and  common.  Suitable 
for  winter  months. — Write  R.  G.,  18,  Claremont-road,  Tun  bridge  Wells. 

cSalcs  bjj  ^vtictifm, 

FRIDAY  NEXT. 

About  1,00  Lots  of  Photographic,  Scientific,  and  Electrical 
Apparatus,  Lanterns  and  Slides,  Furniture,  Roohs,  Pictures, 
and  Micellaneous  hffects  from  various  Private  Sources. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL   the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King-street.  Covent-garden, 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  February  12,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 


M 


Antique  Sundials  and  Miscellaneous  Property. 
ESSRS.    PUTTICK  &    SIMPSON   will   SELL 

by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester -square.  W.C, 
on  TUESDAY.  February  9.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely, 
MISCELLANEOUS  PROPERTY,  comprising  several  tine  Pieces  of 
Silver  — Old  Bheffield  Plated  Goods  —  Jewellery,  consisting  of  1'ins, 
studs.  Rings,  Brooches,  Ear-rings.  Necklaces,  Sc.  including  a  very  tine 
Diamond  Horse-shoe  Hrooch— Gold  and  silver  Watches— an  interesting 
Collection  of  Antique  Sundials,  principally  English  and  French,  of  the 
Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  Centuries;  also  a  Collection  of  Wood 
Carvings— and  a  few  lots  of  Antique  Furniture. 
Catalogues  on  application. 


Rare  Engravings. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square.  W.C,  on 
riUDAY,  February  IS,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  piecissfly,  valu- 
able ENGRAVINGS,  comprising  Fancy  Subjects,  principally  in  Colours 
and  Mezzotints.  Also  a  choice  Collection  of  Prints  alter  Hunliury.  by 
Gardiner,  Dickinson.  P.  W.  Tomkins,  Rrctherton,  &c. ;  some  rare 
Portraits,  including  Mrs  Tickell  and  Mrs.  Jackson,  after  Cusnaj, 
and  The  Deserter,  after  Morland,  by  Keating,  &c. 

Catalogues  on  application.    May  be  viewed  two  days  prior 

Portion  of  the  Library  formed  bi/  the  late  "REGINALD 
CHOLMONDELBY,  Esq.,  removed  from  Condover  Hall, 
Salop. 

MESSRS.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON  will   SELL 
by    AUCTION,    at    thelT    House.    17.   Leicester  square     XV  C,    on 

Thursday.  February  18  and  Following  Day,  at  ten  minutes  past 
I  o'clock  precisely,  ■  PORTION  of  tho  LIBRARY  formed  by  the  late 
REGINALD  CHOLMONDELBY,  Esq.,  removed  from  Oondoyer  Hall, 
Salop    comprising.   Works  of  Travel,   History,   Biography,  Theology, 

I'otii  \ .  ftc    chiefly  ol  the  last  century,  all  in  good  suite  ol  preservation 
Catalogues  on  application. 


>l  CONf)  PORTION  <f  tht  ■raU-Jmwn   BiblieaX  nM  f.itur- 
yiotl  library  of  HENRY  JOHN   I  AllUEH  A  7A/.%  - 

.    I)  I..    /..>..!,  Ac,  removed  Jrum   (Jtbjrnc  House,  Oft, 
II 'tilings. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  BELL 
si  AUCTION,  »t  their  House.  47  tslmstsr seism  wc,  on 
MONDAY  March  I.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'ctosk  precisely.  Un- 
it ECOKD  PORTION  of  the  IIIIll.K  AL  and  I.I  I  I  !<<,!<  AL  1.11  . 
ol  II  J  FARMER  AIKINMI.N  Esq  D  1.  I  B.A  A.  comprising 
Hare  1. 1. lions  of  the  Bible  and  Ikkjs  of  Com  moo  Prayer  Missals— 
Hymnali     iarly   Illustrated    Hooks       Illuminated    Mai. us.  r, pi.      wort, 

on  ropograpby— aad  HlssratsMaswi  Books  la  all  Branches  of  Literature 
Catalogues  In  preparation 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  k  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION  at  then  House  ij,  I.elctstcr  square.  H 
WEDNESDAY  March  S,  and  Two  Following  Days  a  COLLECT! 
upwards  ol  SO.OUI  VOLUMES  ol  ANTIQUARIAN  HoOK«  English 
and  Foreign  comprising  hililes-I.lturgles  -  l-aily  Voyages  and  Travels 
.-on  lopograpl.i  Genealogy,  and  Family  H  l  story-  Hook  s  of 
Prints— Manuscripts— Early  Poetry,  Ac. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


Autograph  Letters. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  LeicesK  r  .quire  w  (  EARLY 
in  MARCH,  a  small  COLLECTION  ol  Al  'IOGRaPH  LKTIKKaaad 
1kici.Mi.ms  ol  Eminent  Literary  rJcteotifl.  P  «u  Mu...  i»n«.  and 
Ro\al  and  Noble  Personsgrs,  amongst  which  will  be  found  Ciueeo, 
Elizabeth,  William  111  .  s  Pepys  Napoleon  I  Lord  Nelv.n.  Lady 
Hamilton,  Sir  J  Fianklin.  Benjamin  Franklin  F  Mendelssfchn- 
Baiti.oldy.  Madame  l"atti.  C.  Lamb  Lord  Myron.  I  Campbell,  i 
Eliot,  J  Ituskin,  Lord  Luton,  Ruben  Drowning,  Mrs  Browning.  6ir 
W.  Scott,  aud  many  others 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Popular  Modern  Publications,  Stereo  Plata,  Woodblocks,  Ac. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms.  115,  Chancery-lane.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY. 
February  10.  at  1  o'clock.  POPULAR  MODERN  HooKs,  chieflv 
new,  in  cloth,  comprising  640  Lazarus  s  Revolution  of  I  e  Twentieth. 
Centurv  do.  W  j  — 130  Dickens's  Character  Sketches  royal  8vo  -1  240 
lngiani's  Eminent  Women  Series  (3s  Hd  each!—  700  Nasmith  >  Outline 
of  Roman  History  (II.  5l  )-L'..'/»J  »ols  of  recent  Novels  by  esteemed 
Authors  for  the  most  part  tingle- volume  editions,  in  assurted  lots— the 
stereo  plates  and  Copvnghtsof  Wood's  Nature's  Teachings  and  Man  and 
Heast-Wood.  Electro',  and  Process  Mocks- uo  reams  of  Octavo  Note, 
Envelopes,  Ac. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Law  Rooks,  including  the  Library  of  a  RarrisUr, 
retiring  from  practice. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms  115.  Chancery-lane.  \\  C  .  on  FRIDAY,  Febru- 
ary 12,  at  1  o'clock.  LAW  HOOKS,  comprising  the  New  1j»  Reports  to 
1890  222  vols— the  Law  Journal  Reports,  Is  l'  to  i-v,  — Law  Times 
Reports.  185U  to  1897,  70  vols— Common  Bench  Reports,  both  series. 
:ii)  vols —Exchequer,  Chancery,  and  Common  Law  Cases— A  spinal  Is 
Maritime  Cases,  1870  to  1890,6  vols —useful  Ttxt-ltooks-the  Old  Folio 
Reporters,  &c. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms.  King-street,  St.  Jamess- 
square.  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On    MONDAY,    February  8,   OLD    SPORTING 

PRINTS  and  PICTURES,  the  Property  of  Sir  WALTER  GILIiEY.  Bart. 

On    TUESDAY,    February    9,    OLD    ENGLISH 

SILVER,  the  Piopertv  of  a  GEN  I  LEMAN  ,  and  SILVER  PLATB.  the 
Property  of  R  II  ADDERLEY.  Esq  Also  JEWELS  and  PLATE,  the 
Property  of  a  LADY' ;  Two  line  Pearl  Necklaces  :  and  other  Jewels. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  10,  the  LIBRARY 

of  Admiral  Sir  ROBERT  FITZROY',  K  C.B.,  deceased,  late  of  Parnham, 
lleaminster. 

On   THURSDAY,    February  11,   and    Following: 

Day  the  FIRST  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART 
and  YERTU  of  the  late  J.  RoWCLIFFE,  Esq  .  of  Burnley. 

On    SATURDAY,   February   13,    PICTURES    of 

the  EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL  of  T.  M    WH1TEHOUSB,  Esq. 

On    MONDAY,    February    15,   ANCIENT    and 

MODERN  PICTURES  from  Different  Sources. 

"  KEW  BEE"  ART  SOCIETY-ORIGINAL  WATER-COLOUR  DRAW- 
INGS by  the  President  and  Members  in  Switzerland,  Brazil,  and 
England  j  old  Water-Colour  and  other  Drawings  by  various  eld 
Artists  of  England,  Italy,  and  France  ;  old  Coloured  Engravings  and 
Mezzotints  after  Cosway,  Pether.  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  and  others  ; 
and  some  Rare  Engravings  of  the  sixteenth  century  by  Albert  Diirer 
and  others. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  will  OFFER  these  by 
AUCTION  (at  reserve  prices),  on  WEDNESDAY".  February  17. 
at  1  o'clock  at  12,  ROCKLEy'-ROAD.  SHEPHERDS  BUSHGRERN. 
LONDON.  W 

Catalogues  by  post  on  receipt  of  three  penny  stamps.  On  view  day 
before  Sale. 

Important  Sale  of  Household  Furniture  and  other  effects,  on  the 
premises. L.  ST.  MAR  Y'S-TERRA CE,  RA RHA SR RIDGE, 
NEWCASTLEON-TFNE,  re  JOHA  HANCOCK,  Esq. 
(Naturalist),  deceased  ;  re  Miss  HANCOCK,  recently 
deceased. 

MR.  E.  C.  W HEATER,  instructed  by  the 
Executors  of  the  above  Estates,  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on 
THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY.  Februarv  11  and  1:».  at  11  o'clock  prompt 
each  dav.  the  line  Old-fashioned  and  Substantial  Fl'RNITVRE.  Silver 
Plate.  Glass.  China,  oil  Paintings,  Water-Colour  Drawings.  Engravings, 
Books.  Cabinets  of  Specimens.  Collection  of  Shells.  Curiosities.  Ac. 

Full  particulars  in  Catalogues.  :U  each,  by  post  4J  .  which  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Ai  .  u  .mi  u  81,  Wcstgate-road.  Newcastle  on-Tyne. 
and  the  "  Cole  will  be  on  view  on  Wednesday,  F'ebruary  10.  from  10  to  4 
o'clock. 

Engravings  and  Drawings,  inchuiinq  the  Properties  of  the  late 
Col.  ./.  '/>'.  THOMPSON,  the  late'H.  C.  DEVON,  Esq.,  and 
others. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  Al  (THIN,  at  their  House.  No.  IS.  Wellington- 
stree:  strand.  W.C  .  on  TUESDAY.  Februarv  9.  and  Following  Day. 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  ENGRAVINGS  and  DRAWINGS,  including  the 
Properties  ol  the  late  Col.  J  h  Thompson,  the  late  h  c  DRVON, 
Ban  and  others,  comprising  line  Proofs  after  itunburyand  Bigg— old 
Sporting  Print*— Prints  alter  Kevnolds.  Cosway.  Kaurlman.  Cipriani. 
Morland,  Wheatley,  and  Hamilton,  including  a  rare  Engraving  after 
Reynolds,  known  as  The  Gleaners,  Bnelj  printed  in  colours— Prints 
engraved  by  Hartoloxzl,  Barkr.  J.  R.  Smith.  Watson  and  others,  many 
printed  in  Colours— rare  old  Flaving  Cards,  comprising  the  Popish  Plot, 
Proverb  and  Geographical  Packs,  Ac  j  also  a  few  Oil  1-aintlngs. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


167 


The  valuable  Collection  of  Coins  and  Medals  of  the  late 
JAMES  ROUSE,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.E. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C.  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  on  THURSDAY, 
February  11,  and  Two  Following  Days  atl  o'clock  precisely,  the  valu- 
able COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  and  FOREIGN  COINS  and  MEDALS, 
in  Gold,  Silver,  and  Copper,  the  Property  of  the  late  JAMES  ROUSE, 
Esq.,  F.R.C  S.E  ;  a  small  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  COINS,  the 
Property  of  the  late  EDWARD  SHILLING.  Esq  .  of  Milton,  Sitting- 
bourne.  Kent;  and  other  Properties,  comprising  Cromwell,  Dutch 
Memorial  Medal,  N— Anne,  on  the  Peace  of  Utrecht,  1713,  N— and  other 
rare  Gold  and  Silver  Medals — Royalist  and  Parliamentary  Badges— War 
Medals  and  Decorations — Miscellaneous  Coins,  including  a  few  Greek 
and  Roman — Oriental,  English  and  Foreign  Coins,  in  Gold,  Silver,  and 
Copper— a  small  Selection  of  Anglo-Saxon  and  English  Pennies— Coin 
Cabinets,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Engravings,  Drawings,  and  Pictures,  the 
Property  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  HAINES. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  MONDAY,  February  15,  and  Following  Day, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  COLLECTION 
of  ENGRAVINGS.  DRAWINGS,  and  PICTURES,  the  Property  of 
the  late  Mr.  J.  HAINES,  comprising  examples  by  and  after  Van  Huysum, 
Rartolozzi,  A.  Kauffman.  Hunbury.  Cosway,  G.  Morland,  Wheatley,  T. 
liurke,  Hoppner,  and  others — Oil  Paintings  ascribed  to  Sir  J.  Reynolds, 
Sir  G.  Kneller.  Armfield,  and  others  — Water-Colour  Drawings  by  D 
Cox,  Cattermole,  W  Cruikshank.  and  others.  Also  other  Properties, 
comprising  Publications  of  the  Arundel  Society— Works  by  the  Old 
Masters— a  capital  Oil  Painting  by  Palamedes— Drawings  by  Rowland- 
son,  Westall,  Cosway,  and  others. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  Collection  of  Early  Printed  Books,  the  Property  of  a  Gentle- 
man, and  Selectioyis  from  other  Libraries, 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  8ELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  •Wellington- 
street,  Strand.  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY.  February  17,  and  Following 
Day,  at  I  o'clock  precisely,  PRINTED  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS, 
including  a  small  Collection  of  Books  printed  in  the  Fifteenth  and  Six- 
teenth Centuries,  the  Property  of  a  Gentleman,  and  other  Properties, 
comprising  First  Editions  of  Shelley,  Keats,  Lever,  Andrew  Lang, 
8urtee9.  and  others— a  large  Collection  of  Works  in  Modern  Literature 
— Novels  by  Popular  Authors— Theological  Treatises— Poetry— Topo- 
graphy and  Archicology — Books  illustrated  by  George  Cruikshank, 
Leech,  Phiz,  and  other  celebrated  artists  —  Tortoiseshell  Snuff-Box, 
formerly  the  Property  of  W.  Combe,  author  of  Dr.  Syntax,  with  Letters 
written  by  Combe  to  "  Marianne  "  Brooke,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  valuable  Library  of  the  late  GEORGE  SHAW,  Esq.,  C.C., 
and  Deputy  Lieutenant  for  the  County. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  8ELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  on  FRIDAY,  Febru- 
ary 19.  and  Following  Day,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  valuable 
LIBRARY  of  the  late  GEORGE  SHAW,  Esq  .  C.C.  and  Deputy 
Lieutenant  for  tne  County,  comprising  First  Editions  of  the  Writings 
of  G.  A.  A'Beckett,  Bewick,  Chas.  Dickens,  Leigh  Hunt.  A.  Lang,  Lever, 
Ruskin,  Surtees,  Thackeray,  &c.  — an  extensive  Series  of  Works 
illustrated  by  George  Crutl* shank— Books  Printed  on  Large  Paper,  of 
which  only  limited  numbers  have  been  issued — Reviews  and  Periodicals 
— Archaeological  Works— Natural  History— Sporting— Villon  Society's 
Publications— Illustrated  Books— and  other  valuable  Works  in  most 
Classes  of  Literature. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable  Books  and  Manuscripts,  including  a  Portion  of  the 
Library  of  Sir  CHARLUS  STEWART  FORBES,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  MONDAY,  February  22,  and  Four  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely.  Valuable  PRINTED  BOOKS  and  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, being  a  Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  CHARLES  STEWART 
FORHES,  Bart.,  comprising  "Works  in  most  Classes  of  Literature, 
including  Daniell's  Picturesque  Voyage  round  Great  Britain— Galerie 
du  Palais  Pitti— Gould's  Himalavan  Birds — Manning  and  Biay's  History 
of  Surrey— Rubens  et  Vandyck,  ffiuvres;  fine  L1HRARV  BOOKS  in 
Handsome  Bindings,  the  Property  of  the  late  Sir  THOMAS  W. 
Mi  MAIMN,  Bart.;  a  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  H  C.  HART. 
Esq.,  containing  Modern  Standard  Works  and  others,  including  Scrope's 
Salmon  Fishing.  First  Edition— Heures  a  Luisage  de  Rome,  printed  on 
Vellum— Hone  —  French  Manuscripts  of  the  Fifteenth  Century,  the 
MUST  FIVE  EDITIONS  of  WALTON'S  COMPLEAT  ANGLER,  165) 
to  1076,  and  other  Early  Editions,  the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN  in 
Norfolk  ;  also  other  Properties,  consisting  of  County  Histories,  including 
Hlomeneld's  Norfolk  —  Hastnd's  Kent  — Atkyns's  Gloucestershire  — 
Nichols's  Leicestershire— Piranesi  Opcre,  17  vols.— Rare  Works  relating 
to  America— Early  Bioles  and  Fifteenth  Century  Printed  Books— Early 
English  Literature- Robert  Burns  'a  Poems,  First  Edition,  Kilmarnock, 
and  Original  MS.  Letters  by  the  Poet— and  other  Autographs— 
llartolomel  de  li  Sonneti,  11S0  —  Klake's  Songs  of  Innocence— a  Horn- 
Book,  temp  James  I  —Chap-Books— Original  Letters  by  J  Ruskin— a 
number  of  Hora1  on  Vellum— Gradualead  Usum  BcclesUe  Sarisburiensis, 
1582.  magnificent  copy— Florlo's  Montaigne,  1(51)3— fine  Specimens  of 
Early  Bookbinding— Dramatic  Portraits— Sporting  Prints— and  Illus- 
trated Hooks— and  Works  on  Bibliography— Travels— Cruikshankiana— 
Rare  French  Books— and  Works  in  nearly  every  Class  of  Literature. 

Mav  I*  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on 
receipt  of  four  stamps 

PENRITH. 

By  order  of  the  Representatives  of  the  late  W.  B. 
A  UNISON,  Esq. 

MDEROME  &  SON   respecfully  announce  the 
•      receipt  of  Instructions  to  remove  to  the  GEORGE   HOTEL 
ASSEMBLE    ROOM,  PENEITH,  and  therein  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on 
MUD  A  I,  February  12  commencing  at  1  o'clock  in  the  Afternoon  pre- 
cisely, tho  valuable  and  Interesting  LIHRWIY  of  BOOKS,  extending  to 
irds  of  1,200  Volumes,  including  manv  Scarce  and  Rare  Arcbeeo- 
logical  and  Topographical  Works— Count)  Histories— First  Editions  of 
us  and  Thackeray  —  Edition  de  Luxe  of  Thackeray's  Works     Poetry 
Drama,  and   Fiction— History  and   Hiographv — Folk-lore  and  Anti- 
qaarlu  Publications -Transactions  of    Learned  Societies— and  other 
Works,   many  of  which  are  sumptuously   Hound  in  Costly   Materials 
The  whole  forms  the  Library  of  the  late  W    H    arnimin    I 
moot,  Penrith,  who  was  one  of  the  Founders,  and  for  manv 
prominent  Member  of  the  Cumberland  and  Westmorland  Areh.cological 
Society,  and  will  be  on  view  on  morning  of  i-alc  from  10  a.m. 

ogoos  arc  now  ready,  and  may  be  obtained  gratis  and  post  free 
'ion  to  the  Aft. 

n.lal  Auction  and  Agency  Offices  (Established  18M), 
JanuarT27,  18D7. 


c 


BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    BENJAMIN    DISRAELI 

EARL  OP  BEACONSFIELD,  1820  to  18-.U. 
TWTOTESand  Ql  ERIESfor  APML29th,  Man  nil, 

■   , \w,v'   •,",?',  ',',"',   •',"'.  I""1   '"  ' ''■  ...tains  a   BIBLIO- 

1  M  •  "'  ""'  I. A  HI,  of  BEACONSFIELD      This  includes   h  FYs  m 

CONINOSBY,     Loiiiwh, 'and  Vmidiidv'1" 

Numbers,  tt  ,  <n  bag  bj  post, " 

Ian2h";c  '  """'"'  ■V"" """'  '-""."Office,  Itream's-bulldings.Chancery- 


FIRST  PART  OF  A  NEW  VOLUME. 

NOW  READY,  price  Sd. 

HAMBERS'S    JOURNAL    for   FEBRUARY. 

Articles  on 

The  COMING  REVIVAL  of  SOUTH  AMERICA. 
INSIDE  a  BETTING  CLUB. 
WHAT  are  FULGURITES? 
A  REVOLUTION  in  PRINTING. 

CHAMBERS'S  JOURNAL  for  FEBRUARY. 

CORDITE. 

FRUITS  of  PARADISE. 

IN  the  SHADOW  of  the  SPHINX. 

LUMBERING  in  CANADA. 

LATEST  INVENTIONS,  and 

The  MONTH  :  SCIENCE  and  ARTS. 

CHAMBERS'S  JOURNAL  for  FEBRUARY. 

Serial  Story  by 
E.  W.  HORN  UNO. 

Complete  Short  Stories  by 
GUY  BOOTHBY  and  other  well-known  writers. 
W.  &  R.  Chambers,  Limited,   47,  Paternoster  -  row,    London;   and 
Edinburgh. 

THE     MILITARY    and     NAVAL     MEDAL 
MAGAZINE  and  BRIC-A-BRAC  JOURNAL.    Vol.  II. 

Contents  of  JANUARY  Number,  1897. 
The  LOYAL  LONDON  VOLUNTEERS,  1798-1814. 
BRITISH    SOUTH    AFRICA   CO.'S    MEDAL    for    OPERATIONS    in 

MATABELELAND,  1893 
The  PENINSULAR  WAR  MEDAL. 
SALE  of  LORD  DAVID   KENNEDY'S  COLLECTION,  with  PRICES 

REALIZED. 
LIST  of  OFFICERS  who  RECEIVED  GOLD  MEDALS. 
MINIATURE  PAINTING  :  its  Farly  History  and  Development. 
LEGENDS  of  ENGLISH  SILVER  COINS. 
AUTOGRAPH  COLLECTING. 

Published  Monthly.    Subscription,  10s.  per  annum,  post  free. 
66,  Colfe-road,  Forest-hill,  8.E. 

THE    GEOGRAPHICAL    JOURNAL.      2s. 

I  Contents.  FEBRUARY.  A  Journey  in  the  Marotse  and  Mashi- 
kolumbwe  Countries.  By  Captain  Alfred  St.  Hill  Gibbons,  3rd  East 
Yorkshire  Regiment  —A  Journey  up  the  Machili.  By  Percy  C.  Reid.— 
From  the  Machili  to  Lialui  By  Captain  Alfred  Hcrtrand  —Explorations 
in  Mjsia  By  J.  A.  R.  Munro  and  H  M.  Anthony  —The  Jubilee  of  the 
Hakluyt  Society.— Notes  on  a  Journey  round  Mount  Masawa  or  Elgo. 
By  C.  W.  Hobley  —The  Supposed  Discovery  of  South  America  before 
1448.  and  the  Critical  Methods  of  the  Historians  of  Geographical 
Discovery.  By  J  Batalha-Reis  —The  Weston  Tapestry  Maps.  By  the 
Rev  W.  K  R.  Bedford.  M  A  —Journey  of  Captain  Welby  and  Lieu- 
tenant Malcolm  across  Tibet  — Capt  Daavy's  Journey  in  Western  Tibet  — 
Map  of  the  Niger  Delta— The  Monthly  Record  —Obituary  i  M  Vivien  de 
St.  Martin;  Major  P  W.  G.  Copland-Crawford;  Antonio  Cecchi— Meet- 
ings of  the  R  G  S.— Geographical  Literature  of  the  Month  —New  Maps. 
—Numerous  Maps  and  Illustrations,  including  a  New  Map  of  the  River 
Delta— Edward  Stanford,  26  and  27,  Cockspur-street,  S.W. 

JARROLD  &  SONS'  NEW  NOVELS 

NOW  READY  AT  ALL  LIBRARIES. 
BY  MAURUS  JOKAI. 

The  GREEN   BOOK;   or,  Freedom 

under  the  Snow.       By  Dr.   MAURUS  JOKAI. 
Translated  by  Mrs.  WAUGH  (ELLIS  WRIGHT). 
With  Engraved  Portrait  of  Dr.  Jokai  (Author- 
ized Edition).     Cr.  8vo.  art  linen,  gilt  top,  6*. 
"  '  The  Green  Book '  is  an  historical  romance  of  the  early 
part  of  the  century,  and  depicts  in  a  graphic  and  sometimes 
lurid  manner  the   political   life  of  Russia  during  the  con- 
spiracies of  1824  and  1825.    Pushkin,  the  well-known  Russian 
poet,  is  the  hero  of  the  book,  and  the  majority  of   male 
characters,   at   least,   are   personages  who    figured    in    the 
stirring  events  of  the  time.     At  a  moment  when  Russia  and 
things  Russian  figure   so   largely  in   the  public  press,  and 
exercise  so  powerful  a  sway  over  the  national  imagination, 
the  publication  of  this  brilliant  picture  of  Russian  Society 
will  be  specially  opportune." 

BY  SARAH  TYTLER. 

LADY   JEAN'S    SON.    By  Sarah 

TYTLER,  Author  of   'Lady  Jean's  Vagaries,' 
'The   Pride's  Pass,' '  Lady  Bell,' '  Buried   Dia- 
monds,' &c.     Crown  8vo.  art  linen,  gilt  top,  6s. 
"  The  glimpses  of  Edinburgh  Society,  while  the  Northern 
Athens  was  still  the  seat  of  fashion,  are  lifelike  and  clever. 
'  Lady  Jean's  Son '  is  from  first  to  last  a  delightful  story." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 
BY  FLORENCE  WARDEN. 

The  INN  by  the  SHORE.     By 

FLORENCE  WARDEN.   FOURTH  EDITION. 
Crown  8vo.  art  linen,  gilt  top,  Gs. 
"  Miss  Florence  Warden  is  unrivalled  in  a  certain  depart- 
ment "f  Action.     'The  Inn  by  the  Shore'  exhibits  her  at.  her 
best.     It  is  full  of  marvellous  mystery,  and  the  clue  to  the 
mystery  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  find  in  advance." 

Academy. 
BY  MAURUS  JOKAI. 

BLACK    DIAMONDS.     By    Maurus 

JOKAI.     THIRD  EDITION.     Crown  8vo.  art 

linen,  gilt  top,  Gs. 
"  It  is  so  well  written,  so  abounding  In  all  sorts  of  special 
knowledge,  and  displays  so  much  real  Literary  power,  thai 
we  never  fed  tempted  to  leave  any  ol  Its  pages  unread, 
There  are  loiue  extremely  Bne  descriptive  passages  In  the 
i"»ik ttaurusJdkal  Is  absolutely  original  in  thought  and 

t  reatmenl ."-  -  Daily  Chronicle. 

London  :  JARROLD  \  SON'S,  10  and  11,  Warwick- 
lane,  E.C.  ;  and  of  all  Booksellers. 


STUDIES    IN 

HEBREW    PROPER 

NAMES. 

BY 

G.  BUCHANAN  GKAY,  M.A., 

Lecturer  in  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament 
Theology  in  Mansfield  College. 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  7s.  6^.  net. 

"Excepting  the  cuneiform  inscriptions, 
Mr.  Gray  notices  for  his  arguments  all  the 
cognate  Semitic  languages  found  in  the 
'  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Semiticarum,'  as 
well  as  in  monographs.  This  we  may  say 
without  exaggeration,  that  Mr.  Gray  is 
thoroughly  up  to  date.  We  hope  that 
Biblical  scholars,  as  well  as  students  of  the 
history  of  religion,  and  also  folk-lorists,  will 
avail  themselves  of  the  assistance  which  our 
author  gives  them." — Guardian. 

"Is  lucid  and  critical,  and  bears  full 
evidence  of  Mr.  Gray's  wide  and  careful 
reading.  The  book  is  not  merely  a  diction- 
ary of  proper  names,  with  their  derivations, 
but  an  attempt  is  made,  and  in  our  opinion 
successfully  made,  to  test  the  religious  ideas 
prevalent  in  each  period  of  Old  Testament 
history  by  the  proper  names  most  in  vogue 
in  that  period." — Manchester  Guardian. 

"A  valuable  contribution  to  the  investi- 
gation of  a  subject  which  has  hardly  received 
the  attention  it  deserves." — Scotsman. 

"It  is  not  only  the  most  elaborate  treat- 
ment that  the  subject  has  received  since 
criticism  won  its  modern  rights,  but  the 
author's  exposition  is  so  skilful  that  the 
reader  hardly  realizes  how  intricate  the  argu- 
ment often  is.  The  appendices  to  the  book 
are  very  elaborate.  Altogether,  Mr.  Buch- 
anan Gray  has  placed  himself  in  the  front 
rank  of  Biblical  scholars  by  this  able  and 
delightful  book.  Every  page  shows  the 
width  of  the  author's  learning  and  tho 
depth  of  his  conscientiousness." 

Jewish  Chronicle. 

"We  have  before  us  now  a  book  which 
in  range  and  accuracy  far  surpasses  any- 
thing which  has  been  attempted  in  English 
hitherto,  and  which  promises  to  be  a 
standard  work  upon  the  subject.  Its 
method  is  so  admirable,  and  some  of  its 
conclusions  so  sound  and  interesting,  that 
no  intelligent  student  of  the  Old  Testament 
can  afford  to  neglect  it." — Christian  World. 

"This  is  the  kind  of  work  that  is  giving 
our  universities  of  to-day  a  name  for  scholar- 
ship all  the  world  over.  There  is  not  a 
student  of  the  Old  Testament  in  Hebrew 
but  will  find  it  indispensable." 

Expository  Times. 

"Instead  of  spinning  ingenious  theories 
out  of  his  own  fancy,  tho  author  rests  everj-- 
where  on  a  firm  basis  of  fact,  and  constructs 
his  thoories  with,  truo  scientific  caution. 
We  are  glad  to  bo  ablo  to  recommend  this 
work  to  all  of  our  readers  who  have  any 
knowledge  of  Hebrew.  Even  with  a  very 
elementary  knowledge  an  intelligent  reader 
would  bo  able  to  follow  the  argument  with 
understanding." 

Primitive  Methodist  Quarterly  Review. 


A.  k  C.  ULACK,  Soho-square,  London. 


108 


THE     ATI!  KNjEUM 


N°3615,  Feb.  G,  '97 


SIR  QEORQE  ROBERTSON'S  ROOK. 

THE  KAFIRS  OF  THE 
HINDU-KUSH. 

By  Sir  GEORGE  SCOTT  ROBERTSON,  K.C.S.I. 
With  numerous  Qlostntioni  bj  A.  D.  lioCormick. 
Royal  Svo.  1/.  Us.  M. 
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THE     ATHEN^UM 


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THE     ATHENAEUM 


171 


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THE     ATHEN^UM 


173 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  6,  1S97. 


CONTENTS. 

Miss  Kingsley's  Travels  in  Africa     

Prof.  Veitch's  Life  and  Essays  

Mr.  Shuckburgh's  Suetonius      

A  New  Life  of  Gordon       

New  Novels  (The  Babe,  B.A. ;  The  Yoke  of  Steel ;  The 
Sport  of  the  Gods;  The  Will  that  Wins  :  An  Eng- 
lish Wife  ;  L'Orme  du  Mail)       

Sporting  Literature  

Historical  Romances  

French  and  German  School-books       

Folk-Tales         

Ecclesiastical  History      

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books     ...      182- 

John  Lamb's  'Poetical  Pieces';  Prof.  Maspero's 
•Struggle  of  the  Nations';  A  Tract  attri- 
buted to  Milton;  The  'Testament  of  Love'; 
Sales;  'The  Mirror  of  Justices'  ...      183- 

Literary  Gossip  

Science— Biological  Literature;  Societies  ;  Meet- 
ings; Gossip  186- 

Fine  Arts— Letters  on  the  Isle  of  Wight;  Library' 
Table;  New  Prints;  The  Hoyal  Academy; 
Gossip  188- 

Music— The  Week;  Gossip;  Performances  Next 
Week 

Drama— The  Week;  Library  Table;  Gossip       191- 


page 
173 
176 
176 
177 


178 
179 
179 
lfO 
180 
181 
•183 


•185 
185 


-188 


•190 


191 
■192 


LITERATURE 


Travels    in   West    Africa :     Congo    Frangais, 

Corisco,    and    Cameroons.      By    Mary    H. 

Kingsley.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
Lady  travellers  and  explorers  are  by  no 
means  rare  nowada}rs,  but  few  have  done 
such  good  work  or  written  so  interesting 
and  attractive  an  account  of  it,  coupled 
with  so  much  solid  scientific  matter,  new  to 
a  great  extent,  as  Miss  Kingsley.  She  is 
undoubtedly  the  first  of  her  sex  who  has 
dared  to  face  the  manifold  dangers  of  the 
pestilential  regions  of  the  French  Congo 
and  other  parts  of  barbarous  Western 
Equatorial  Africa ;  for  missionary  women 
and  the  wives  of  officials  and  traders  seldom 
go  far  from  their  comfortable  homes  or 
run  any  unnecessary  or  abnormal  risks, 
and  certainly  never  went  canoeing  for  plea- 
sure or  in  the  interests  of  science.  Indeed, 
scarcely  any  other  lady  would  be  capable 
of  doing  what  Miss  Kingsley  has  accom- 
plished and  relates  in  so  jaunty  a  style. 

Yet  Miss  Kingsley — humorous  and  even 
comical  as  her  method  often  is — must  un- 
doubtedly be  taken  seriously,  for  she  dis- 
played keen  powers  of  observation,  far 
keener  than  those  of  most  men  who 
visit  the  coast,  even  the  special  corre- 
spondents of  enterprising  journals,  who 
have  between  them  written  a  good,  deal 
of  nonsense  and  made  many  misleading 
statements,  even  so  recently  as  during  the 
last  Ashanti  expedition  ;  on  the  other  hand, 
we  rarely  catch  Miss  Kingsley  tripping. 
Moreover,  she  has  the  courage  of  her 
opinions,  and  spares  neither  Government 
officials  nor  missionaries  when  she  thinks 
they  merit  censure,  whilst  she  does  not 
hesitate  to  bestow  a  due  meed  of  praise  on 
tin'  often  abused  trader.  In  fact,  she  only 
does  justice  to  this  last  class  when  she 
iks  of  their  hospitality,  kindliness,  and 
trustworthiness. 

Miss  Kingsley  is  practically,  but  not 
entirely  right  in  terming  the  West  Coast  of 
A  I  i-ica  a  "  Belle  Dame  sans  merci."  A  con- 
siderable number  of  Europeans  have  braved 
and  weathered  the  really  detestable  climato 
for  many  years,  and  this  proves  that  it  is 
not  quite  so  fatal  as  it  is  said  to  bo;  and 
much   of   its   deadliness   is   attributable  to 


negligence,  imprudence,  fear,  indolence,  or 
want  of  sufficient  employment  for  body 
or  mind,  for,  as  she  most  truly  says,  "In- 
activity in  Africa  is  death."  We  do  not 
include  intemperance  as  one  of  the  chief 
causes  of  mortality,  because  its  prevalence 
is  exaggerated.  It  is  not  to  be  denied  that 
it  was  far  more  prevalent  sixty  or  seventy 
years  ago  than  it  is  now ;  but  the  stimu- 
lants then  available  were  of  very  inferior 
quality,  and  many  of  the  residents  of  those 
days  who  imbibed  them  were  men  of  alto- 
gether a  lower  type  than  the  officials  or  traders 
of  the  present  day ;  as  for  missionaries, 
there  were  very  few  of  them  half  a  century 
ago. 

The  extreme  unhealthiness  of  the  Gold 
Coast  is  in  a  great  measure  due  to  the  bad 
water  supply ;  this  is  especially  the  case 
at  Accra,  where  the  thousands  of  pounds 
expended  in  the  construction  of  a  cathedral, 
which  might  have  been  postponed  for  two 
or  three  years,  would  have  been  far  more 
usefully  employed  in  providing  a  good  and 
sufficient  supply  of  water,  by  which  the 
colony  would  have  been  an  immediate 
gainer.  On  the  other  hand,  the  bad  character 
given  by  Miss  Kingsley  to  Fernando  Po 
water  can  apply  to  some  only  of  the  brooks 
and  streams,  as  water  of  excellent  quality 
is  obtainable  from  a  spring  on  the  beach 
at  Clarence  Cove  below  high-water  mark, 
where  ships  fill  their  tanks  and  casks.  The 
beauty  of  Fernando  Po  is  indisputable,  and 
it  was  justly  called  Ilha  Hermosa  by  its 
Portuguese  discoverers. 

Writing  of  the  dangers  of  the  West 
Coast,  Miss  Kingsley  correctly  remarks  : — 

"I  should  like  here  to  speak  of  West  Coast 
dangers,  because  I  fear  you  may  think  that  I 
am  careless  of,  or  do  not  believe  in  them, 
neither  of  which  is  the  case.  The  more  you 
know  of  the  West  Coast  of  Africa,  the  more 
you  realise  its  dangers.  For  example,  on  your 
first  voyage  out  you  hardly  believe  the  stories 
of  fever  told  by  the  old  Coasters.  That  is 
because  you  do  not  then  understand  the  type 
of  man  who  is  telling  them,  a  man  who  goes  to 
his  death  with  a  joke  in  his  teeth.  But  a  short 
experience  of  your  own,  particularly  if  you 
happen  on  a  place  having  one  of  its  periodic 
epidemics,  soon  demonstrates  that  the  under- 
lying horror  of  the  thing  is  there,  a  rotting 
corpse  which  the  old  Coaster  has  dusted  over 
with  jokes  to  cover  it,  so  that  it  hardly  shows 
at  a  distance,  but  which,  when  you  come  your- 
self to  live  alongside,  you  soon  become  cognisant 
of.  Many  men,  when  they  have  got  ashore 
and  settled,  realise  this,  and  let  the  horror  get 
a  grip  on  them  ;  a  state  briefly  and  locally 
described  as  funk  ;  and  a  state  that  generally 
ends  fatally,  and  you  can  hardly  blame  them." 

She  tells  a  terrible  tale  of  a  young  man, 
new  to  tho  coast,  who  on  landing  met 
none  but  naked  savages,  as  he  deemed 
them,  who  could  not  understand  him  and 
whom  he  could  not  understand ;  and  who,  on 
walking  up  to  the  factory,  found  the  agent 
under  whom  ho  came  to  serve  dead  and 
half  eaten  by  rats !  This  is  not  an  every- 
day occurrence,  it  is  true,  but  it  is  one 
which  might  easily  happen  at  some  of 
the  more  isolated  and  out-of-tho-way  spots 
where  trade  is  carried  on  by  one  house 
only. 

When  Miss  Kingsley  speaks  of  Sierra 
Leono  we  presume  she  means  tho  city  of 
Freetown  as  distinguished  from  the  adjacent 
villages.  We  aro  quite  at  one  with  her  in 
thinking  that  tho  Mohammedans  "are  tho 


gentlemen  of  the  Sierra  Leone  native  popula- 
tion," in  which  latter  class  we  do  not  include 
educated  lawyers,  doctors,  merchants,  or  sub- 
ordinate officials  ;  and  we  do  not  agree  with 
Bishop  Ingham's  remark,  quoted  at  p.  18, 
that  "he  is  disposed  to  believe  that  the 
words  of  the  Koran  are  only  a  fetish  and 
a  charm  to  the  rank  and  file"  of  native 
Mohammedans,  for  Miss  Kingsley  is  right 
in  remarking  "that  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand how  the  bishop  can  see  a  difference 
between  the  use  of  the  Koran  and  the  Bible 
by  the  negro  of  Sierra  Leone,"  and  that, 
"  judged  b}r  every-day  conduct,  the  Moham- 
medan is  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  the  best 
man  in  Africa." 

There  is  very  much  that  is  both  amusing 
and  interesting  in  the  description  of  Freetown 
and  its  inhabitants,  but  we  must  pass  on  to 
other  parts  of  the  coast,  merely  endorsing 
the  writer' 8  remarks  as  to  the  prevalence 
of  poisoning ;  but  we  must  add  that  it  ie- 
quite  as  frequent  on  the  Gold  Coast,  espe- 
cially in  the  larger  towns,  such  as  Accra, 
Cape  Coast,  &c.  The  evil  practice  is  not  so- 
frequent  further  eastward,  although  by  no 
means  non-existent ;  it  prevails,  if  not  alarm- 
ingly, yet  to  a  certain  extent,  in  the  Congo 
Francais,  especially  among  the  Fjat  tribes, 
and  it  is  said  to  be  common  at  San  Paolo 
de  Loanda  and  in  Angola  generally. 

Miss  Kingsley's  strictures  on  mission- 
ary work,  which  are  to  be  read  in  many 
parts  of  the  book,  are  well  founded.  Until 
recently  technical  instruction  was  com- 
pletely ignored  and  neglected  in  all  but 
the  Pvornan  Catholic  and  Bale  missions, 
and  even  now  the  technical  education  at 
some  of  the  mission  stations  is  not  what  it 
should  be : — 

"In  some  of  these  technical  schools  the  sort 
of  instruction  given  is,  to  my  way  of  thinking,, 
ill-advised  ;  arts  of  no  immediate  and  great  use 
in  the  present  culture-condition  of  West  Africa 
— such  as  printing,  book-binding,  and  tailoring 
— being  taught.  But  this  is  not  the  case  under 
the  Wesleyans,  who  also  teach  smiths'  work, 
brick-laying,  waggon-building,  &c.  Alas  !  none 
of  the  missions  save  the  Roman  Catholic  teach 
the  thing  that  it  is  most  important  the  natives 
should  learn,  in  the  face  of  the  conditions  that 
European  government  of  the  Coast  has  induced, 
namely,  improved  methods  of  agriculture,  and 
plantation  work." 

Elsewhere  Miss  Kingsley  has  expressed 
her  opinion  that  to  teach  native  girls  dress- 
making is  "  rather  previous,"  seeing  that, 
when  married,  neither  they  nor  their  hus- 
bands wear  any  clothes  to  speak  of;  but 
oven  the  use  of  the  needle  is  an  advance  on 
the  system  pursued  until  quite  recently 
by  English  and  American  missionaries, 
which  consisted  in  teaching  tho  three  R's 
(very  imperfectly)  and  the  singing  of 
hymns — excellent  things  in  themselves,  but 
not  calculated  to  be  of  much  practical 
assistance  to  the  pupils  in  the  way  of  earning 
daily  bread.  For  many  years,  on  tho  other 
hand,  the  French  fathers  at  tho  Gaboon  and 
elsewhere  have  taught  gardening,  carpen- 
tering, bricklaying,  &c,  to  which  thoy  have 
since  added  instruction  iu  the  cultivation 
of  coffee,  cocoa,  &C.  Twenty-five  years  ago 
IV  ro  Duprat,  the  treasurer  at  tho  Gaboon 
mission,  found  tinio  to  organize  a  very  good 
band  of  some  twenty  performers,  solectod 
from  amongst  the  school  children. 

There  is  much  reason  in  what  Miss 
Kingsley  says  ■ — 


171 


T  II  E     A  T  II  EN  .K  D  M 


X  3615.  Feb.  6  '97 


"Nothing  Btrikei  mo  to  much,  in  studying 
tho  degeneration  of  these  native  tribes,  as  the 
direct  effect  that  civilisation  and  reformation 
has  in  hastening  it.  The  worst  enemy  to  t  he 
African  tribe  is  the  one  who  comes  to  it  and 
says  :  '  Now  yon  must  civUise  and  come  to 
sol 1,  .'iihI  leave  oil'  all  those  awful  goings  on 

of  yours,  and  settle  down  < j uiit ly. *  Tho  tribe 
dors  m  ;  the  African  is  teachable  and  tractable  ; 
and  then  the  ladies  and  some  of  the  young  men 
are  happy  and  content  with  the  excitement  of 
European  clothes  and  frequent  Church  services  ; 
but  the  older  men  and  some  of  the  bolder  young 
men  soon  get  bored  with  these  things  and  the, 
to  them,  irksome  restraints,  and  they  go  in  for 
too  much  rum,  or  mope  themselves  to  death, 
or  return  to  their  native  customs.  The  African 
treats  his  religion  much  as  other  men  do  ;  when 
he  gets  slightly  educated,  a  little  scientific,  one 
might  say,  he  removes  from  his  religion  all  the 
disagreeable  parts.  He  promptly  eliminates  its 
equivalent  Hell,  represented  in  Fetishism  by 
immediate  and  not  future  retribution.  Then 
goes  his  rigid  Sabbath-keeping  and  food-restric- 
tion equivalent,  and  he  has  nothing  left  but  the 
agreeable  portions  :  dances,  polygamy,  and  so 
on  ;  and  it 's  a  very  bad  thing  for  him.  I  only 
state  these  tilings  so  as  to  urge  upon  people  at 
homo  the  importance  of  combining  technical 
instruction  in  their  mission  teaching  ;  which  by 
instilling  into  the  African  mind  ideas  of  dis- 
cipline, and  providing  him  with  manual  occupa- 
tion, will  save  him  from  these  relapses,  which 
are  now  the  reproach  of  missionary  effort,  and 
the  curse  and  degradation  of  the  African." 

Miss  Kingsley  more  than  once  insists  that 
Africans  "have  never  made  a  single  four- 
teenth-rate piece  of  cloth,  pottery,  a  tool  or 
machine,  house,"  &c. ;  but  she  is  wrong — 
good  cloths  are  made  in  the  hinterland  of 
Sierra  Leone  and  Liberia,  also  in  the  Gold 
Coast,  Ashanti,  Dahomey,  Lagos,  &c;  the 
Ashantis  work  silk  fairly  well ;  moreover,  in 
Appendix  V.,  Miss  Kingsley  herself  tells 
the  story  of  the  invention  of  the  cloth  loom, 
which  is  found  in  many  parts  of  Africa, 
and  is,  undoubtedly,  an  independent  inven- 
tion by  Africans.  Some  of  the  tools  are  not 
to  be  despised,  and  many  of  their  weapons 
are  excellently  made ;  the  cross-bow  of  the 
Ba-Fanh  is  ingenious;  their  pottery  cer- 
tainly leaves  something  to  be  desired,  but  it 
varies  in  quality  in  different  localities. 

The  Bubis  are  peculiar  in  many  of  their 
habits  and  customs  ;  that  they  came  from 
Mpongweland  is  extremely  doubtful,  and 
King  Passall  of  Malimba,  an  intelligent 
man,  states  that  the  Bubis  came  from  the 
hinterland  of  Malimba.  Their  grand  head- 
covering,  adorned  with  the  tail  feathers  of 
chanticleer,  which  Miss  Kingsley  describes, 
is  known  as  the  "kokoroko"  hat.  By  the 
way,  Miss  Kingsley  seems  to  be  in  error  in 
saying  that  the  Bubis,  like  the  Fans,  occa- 
sionally pull  out  their  eyebrows  —  surely 
she  means  eyelashes.  This  is,  or  used  to 
be,  a  very  common  practice,  not  only  among 
the  Fans  (Ba-Fanh),  but  also  among  other 
tribes. 

The  Mpongwe,  an  interesting,  but  rapidly 
diminishing  tribe  inhabiting  the  shores  of 
the  estuary  of  the  Gaboon,  are  only  usurpers 
of  that  name,  and  probably  have  not  been  in 
their  present  abode  much  more  than  a  hun- 
dred yoars.  They  are,  and  have  been  for  tho 
last  fifty  years,  a  timid,  not  to  say  cowardly 
race,  whereas  their  predecessors,  the  real 
Mpongwe  nation  mentioned  by  Barbot  and 
other  old  writers,  who  called  them  Bongos, 
were  powerful  and  warlike,  and  went  in 
their  canoes  as  far  as  the  Cameroon  river 


to  chastise  the  people  then  living-  there,  who 
had  in  some  way  given  them  olb  :. 

I n  chap.  vi.  Miss  Kingsley  describee 
Libreville  the  Freetown  of  the  Gaboon)  sod 
Glass,  and  tolls  uh  "why she  went  to  Congo 
l'rancais,"    and   lure    she    introduces   her 

readers  to  tho  OgOWe,  "tho  greatest  truly 
equatorial  river  in  the  world,"  which  the 
British  public,  there  is  no  manner  of  doubt, 
first  hoard  of  from  Du  Chaillu,  although 
rumours  of  its  existence  reached  Bowdich 
early  in  the  present  century.  Miss  Kingsley 
errs,  however,  in  stating  that  the  Ogowe  lias 
been  in  the  possession  of  Franco  nearly  forty 
years,  as  the  first  cession  of  territory  near  tho 
confluence  of  the  Okanda  and  Ngunie  was 
made  by  tho  Inlenga  chiefs  to  Lieut.  Aymes 
in  the  Pionnier  in  May,  1867.  The  Lower 
Fernan  Vaz  and  the  Kama  country  were 
ceded  to  the  same  officer  in  1868,  and  also 
some  portion  of  the  Lower  Ogowe,  near 
Ngumbi ;  whilst  the  treaty  in  virtue  of  which 
France  acquired  the  entire  Igalwa  territory 
was  made  between  Admiral  du  Quilio  and 
the  chief  Nkombe  in  August,  1873. 

The  estuary  of  the  Gaboon  was  acquired 
by  France  in  1843,  and  about  the  same  time 
it  was  ascertained  by  Consul  Beecroft,  who 
ascended  the  Nkama,  its  principal  affluent, 
in  the  steamer  Ethiope,  that  it  was  of  no 
value  as  a  highway  into  the  interior.  The 
attention  of  the  French  Government  was  first 
called  to  the  Gaboon,  as  Miss  Kingsley 
states,  through  tho  visit  of  the  Prince  de 
Joinville  in  the  Belle  Poule,  and  Capt.  Mon- 
leon  was  shortly  afterwards  dispatched  with 
a  small  squadron  to  secure  it  for  France ; 
but  for  many  years  his  countrymen  troubled 
themselves  very  little  about  it,  treating  it 
simply  as  an  annexe  of  their  settlement  on 
the  Cote  d'Or.  It  remained  practically  un- 
explored and  undeveloped  until  1875,  and 
more  than  once  before  that  date  the  Gaboon, 
together  with  Grand  Bassam,  Dabou,  and 
Assini,  was  offered  to  England  in  exchange 
for  the  Gambia,  and  in  that  case  England 
might  have  acquired,  had  she  wished, 
not  only  what  is  now  the  Congo  Francais, 
but  also  the  Ivory  Coast,  the  C6te  d'Or, 
Whydah  and  Dahomey,  as  the  French 
Government  were  willing  to  undertake  to 
make  no  acquisitions  of  territory  south  of 
the  river  Casamance. 

The  discovery  of  Ogolole  (Ogalolo)  is  by 
no  means  recent,  as  Miss  Kingsley  supposes  ; 
it  has  long  been  known  and  utilized  by  the 
natives,  and  also  by  Europeans  since  the 
establishment  of  factories  for  legitimate 
trade  in  the  Fernan  Vaz,  and  many  years 
before  that  by  Spanish  and  Portuguese  slave- 
traders,  whose  headquarters  were  at  Sen- 
gatanga  (Osenga-w'atanga).  Miss  Kingsley 
is  also  mistaken  in  stating  that  the  American 
missionaries  have  been  in  Gaboon  for  only 
thirty  years,  as  they  really  settled  at  Glass 
in  1842,  coming  from  Cape  Palmas,  where 
they  had  been  established  for  some  few 
years  previously. 

Tho  most  thrilling  portions  of  Miss  Kings- 
ley's  personal  narrative  are  undoubtedly 
her  accounts  of  her  ascent  of  "  The  Rapids 
of  tho  Ogowe,"  and  of  her  march  from 
Lake  Ncovi  (?Nkove)  to  Esoon  (Esun),  and 
from  Esoon  to  Agonjo.  It  is  in  these 
chapters  that  she  shows  her  indifference 
to  danger,  hardships,  and  privations, 
and  her  enjoyment  of  what  she  terms 
"athletic  sports" — jumps,  falls,    tumbles, 


and   unpremedil  ths.    She  does  not 

exactly  say  how   f si  went   up  these 

rapids,     but     as      she     haw      Kondo- Hondo 

(Ok&nda-Kanda)  and  the  Alemba,  sheoould 

form  a  lair  idea  of  what  the  I  tgowe*  rapids 
arc-  like.  We  fear  that  her  desire  to  see  tho 
river  on  her  next  visit  in  tho  rainy  season 
will  not  be  gratified  so  far  as  the  rapids  are 
concerned,  for  no  canoe  could  possibly 
struggle  against  them  at  that  period  of  tho 
year. 

A  peculiarity  of  the  Ogowe  is  not  only 
its  very  intricate  delta,  but  also  the  large 
number  of  small  lakes  or  lagoons  which 
communicate  with  it  along  the  greater  part 
of  its  course  below  Adeke*  Island  and  the 
rapids,  many  of  which  were  known  to  the 
Portuguese  and  other  early  travellers,  and 
have  been  rediscovered  during  the  last 
thirty  years.  The  seasons  are  not  precisely 
as  stated  by  Miss  Kingsley.  The  long  wet 
season  commences  about  mid  -  September, 
but  there  is  a  break,  called  the  middle  dries, 
in  December  and  January,  sometimes  run- 
ning into  Februarj- ;  the  rains  recommence 
in  the  latter  month,  and  continue  till  mid- 
May,  when  the  long  dry  season  begins. 

Our  author  excels  in  description  of  forest 
and  river  scenery,  both  in  their  diurnal  and 
nocturnal  aspects.  Her  midnight  bath  in 
the  lake  is  told  in  her  most  amusing,  not  to 
say  comical  style,  but  we  do  not  envy  her  her 
supper  on  the  flesh  of  the  horned  cerastes, 
probably  the  most  deadly  snake  in  West 
Africa.  We  may  quote  her  account  of 
the  discovery  of  human  flesh  in  the  room 
where  she  was  trying  to  sleep  : — 

"  Waking  up  again,  I  noticed  that  the  smell 
in  the  room  was  violent,  from  being  shut  up,  I 
suppose,  and  it  had  an  undoubted  organic 
origin.  Knocking  the  ash  off  the  smouldering 
bush-light  that  lay  burning  on  the  floor,  I  in- 
vestigated and  tracked  it  to  those  bags,  so  I  took 
down  the  biggest  one,  and  carefully  noted  how 
the  tie-tie  had  been  put  round  its  mouth,  for 
these  things  are  important  and  often  mean  a 
lot.  I  then  shook  the  contents  into  my  hat, 
for  fear  of  losing  anything  of  value.  They  were 
a  human  hand,  three  big  toes,  four  eyes,  two 
ears,  and  other  portions  of  the  human  frame. 
The  hand  was  fresh,  the  others  only  so  so, 
and  shrivelled.  Replacing  them,  I  tied  the  bag 
up,  and  hung  it  up  again.  I  subsequently 
learnt  that  although  the  Fans  will  eat  their 
fellow  friendly  tribesfolk,  yet  they  like  to  keep 
a  little  something  belonging  to  them  as  a 
memento.  This  touching  trait  in  their  character 
I  learnt  from  Wiki  ;  and  though  it 's  to  their 
credit  under  the  circumstances,  still  it 's  an  un- 
pleasant practice  when  they  hang  the  remains 
in  the  bedroom  you  occupy,  particularly  if  the 
bereavement  in  your  host's  family  has  been 
recent." 

Among  the  relics  of  departed  kindred 
and  ancestors  mentioned  at  the  foot  of 
p.  444  as  being  preserved  by  natives  are 
skulls,  and  especially  the  lower  jaws,  which 
seem  to  have  an  especial  value  in  the 
estimation  of  Negro  and  Bantu  tribes  alike. 
They  are  used  both  in  Ashanti  and  Dahomey 
as  ornaments  for  war-drums  :  they  are  also 
preserved  in  the  entire  collection  of  ancestral 
relics  held  by  the  head  of  the  family  among 
the  Nkami  tribes,  which  is  known  as 
ch'imbu  zabambo.  Du  Chaillu,  in  his  '  Journey 
to  Ashangoland,'  speaks  of  alumbi  as  a 
custom ;  but  the  word  only  signifies  relics, 
some  of  the  tribes  calling  the  small  hut  in 
which  these  are  kept  nago-abambo,  others 
nago-alumbi.     What    special  virtue    resides 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


175 


in  the  lower  jaw  it  is  hard  to  say,  but 
having  collected  a  large  number  of  African 
skulls,  we  found  it  often  very  difficult  to 
procure  complete  ones  in  this  respect. 

The  natives  of  West  Africa  generally 
believe  that  power  is  acquired  over  others 
by  possession  of  their  hair,  nails,  &c, 
and  there  is  an  abominable  practice  in 
some  parts  of  mixing  certain  things  in  the 
food  of  a  person  over  whom  it  is  desired 
to  obtain  influence ;  some  of  these  pre- 
parations are  in  the  nature  of  love  philtres, 
others  are  employed  to  secure  the  favour 
of  a  white  man  in  the  way  of  trade,  &c. 
Ombwiri  (pi.  Imbwiri)  is  a  name  given 
to  spirits  of  various  kinds,  who  are  sup- 
posed to  inhabit  all  sorts  of  strange  places, 
especially  abnormally  formed  rocks,  small 
islands,  peculiar  trees,  &c;  and  every  natural 
phenomenon,  such  as  an  echo,  a  whirlpool, 
a  cave,  &c,  is  supposed  to  be  the  work  of 
an  ombwiri ;  sometimes  there  are  two,  male 
and  female. 

The  voyage  down  the  Rembwe  to  Glass 
was  not  altogether  an  unmixed  pleasure  nor 
devoid  of  excitement,  especially  the  chase  of 
Obanji's  (or  Capt.  Johnson's)  canoe  by  the 
Ba-Fanh.  Obanji  is  a  type,  and  is  exceed- 
ingly well  portrayed  by  the  author,  whilst 
her  encounter  with  the  polished  and  polite 
"Prince"  Makaga  is  entertaining;  but  we 
have  a  suspicion  that  Makaga  must  have 
given  himself  brevet  rank,  for,  unless  we  are 
mistaken,  some  twenty-five  years  ago  he  was 
a  cook.  Princes,  however,  are  plentiful  in 
West  Africa,  and  soi-disant  creations  are 
not  altogether  unknown  in  London  and 
Liverpool. 

Miss  Kingsley's  remarks  on  the  Congo 
Francais  are  well  justified.  She  says  : 
"  My  reason  for  going  into  these  geo- 
graphical details  at  all  is  that  I  think 
no  region  in  Africa  of  equal  importance 
is  so  little  known  in  England."  This  is 
absolutely  true ;  but  she  falls  into  some 
errors,  which  is  not  surprising,  seeing  that 
the  records  of  Ogowe  exploration  are  exceed- 
ingly incomplete,  those  that  exist  being 
scattered  among  many  reports,  and  difficult 
of  access ;  and  it  is  astonishing  that  Miss 
Kingsley  should  have  gleaned  so  much 
information  about  the  district.  The  printers 
have  helped  to  bewilder  the  reader,  and 
have  made  a  sad  mess  of  native  names  in 
the  foot-notes. 

Miss  Kingsley  is  mistaken  in  believing 
that  what  Du  Chaillu  calls  a  tomahawk, 
and  others  a  throwing-knife,  is  a  sacrificial 
knife.  The  sacrificial  or  beheading  knife 
of  the  Ba-Fanh,  which  it  is  now  impossible 
to  procure,  is  heavy  at  what  should  be  the 
pointed  end,  where  it  is  5  in.  or  6  in.  broad 
or  even  more,  the  entire  weapon  being  quite 
2  ft.  long,  broadening  out  from  tho  haft ;  in 
the  hands  of  an  export  and  powerful  man 
it  would  easily  cut  through  a  human  neck 
at  a  single  blow.  Specimens  can  probably 
be  seen  at  the  United  Service  Museum,  and 
in  the  collection  of  General  Pitt  -  Rivers, 
which  was  exhibited  at  Bethnal  Green. 

Death  by  witchcraft  is  almost  universally 
believed  in  by  Negro  and  Bantu  tribes. 
Death  from  natural  causes  is  not  supposed 
to  be  possible.  Even  death  in  fight  or  by 
accident  is  considered  to  be  caused  by  tho 
malevolent  influence  of  some  personal  enemy 
aided  by  a  spirit  or  spirits.  Miss  Kingsley 
thus  explains  the  nativo  ideas  as  to  death 


and  as  to  procuring  it  by  the  aid  of  malignant 
spirits  :  — 

"  From  this  method  of  viewing  nature  I  feel 
sure  that  the  general  idea  arose,  which  you  find 
in  all  early  cultures,  that  death  was  always  the 
consequence  of  the  action  of  some  malignant 
spirit,  and  that  there  is  no  accidental  or  natural 
death,  as  we  call  it  ;  and  death  is,  after  all,  the 
most  important  attribute  of  life.  If  a  man  were 
knocked  on  the  head  with  a  club  or  shot  with 
an  arrow,  the  cause  of  death  is  clearly  the 
malignancy  of  the  person  using  those  weapons  ; 
and  so  it  is  easy  to  think  that  a  man  killed  by 
a  fallen  tree,  or  by  the  upsetting  of  a  canoe  in 
the  surf  or  in  an  eddy  in  the  river,  is  also  the 
victim  of  some  being  using  them  as  weapons. 
A  man  having  thus  gained  a  belief  that  there  are 
more  than  human  actors  in  life's  tragedy,  the 
idea  that  disease  is  also  a  manifestation  of  some 
invisible  being's  wrath  and  power  seems  to  me 
natural  and  easy  ;  and  he  knows  you  can  get 
another  man  for  a  consideration  to  kill  or  harm 
a  third  party,  and  so  he  thinks  that,  for  a  con- 
sideration, you  can  also  get  one  of  those  super- 
human beings,  which  we  call  gods  or  devils,  but 
which  the  African  regards  in  another  light,  to 
do  so." 

The  belief  in  reincarnation  is  held  in 
many  parts ;  in  some  it  is  imagined  that 
a  person  will  return  to  this  world  in 
human  form ;  in  others,  in  the  shape  of 
some  animal ;  while  it  is  by  no  means  an 
uncommon  idea  among  the  natives  on  the 
Ogowe  that  the  souls  of  the  dead  enter 
certain  large  butterflies.  Post  -  mortem 
examinations  in  cases  of  suspected  witch- 
craft are  not  unusual,  so  that  it  frequently 
happens  that  the  symptoms  of  some  in- 
ternal disease  are  considered  satisfactory 
proof  that  the  subject  is  possessed  by  a 
"  witch,"  and  it  is  often  said  of  a  person 
who  is  too  clever  or  too  prosperous,  "  Are 
nyemba,"  "  He  has  a  witch." 

Among  the  Fjort  (Fjat)  tribes  at  Loango, 
Kabinda,  &c,  the  corpses  of  relatives  are 
kept  for  months  before  burial,  being 
wrapped  in  cloth  (not  clothes)  provided  by 
sons,  brothers,  fathers,  &c,  as  the  case  may 
be,  until  they  attain  an  enormous  size ;  the 
bigger  the  bundle,  the  greater  the  piety  and 
affection  of  the  survivors.  If  one  remarks 
on  the  shabbiness  of  a  man's  attire,  it  is 
common  to  be  told  in  reply,  ' '  I  never  bury 
my  father  yet,"  meaning  that  all  the  cloth  he 
earns  is  devoted  to  the  envelopment  of  his 
father's  corpse. 

Among  the  Mpongwe  widows  must  shave 
their  heads,  and  are  only  allowed  to  wear  a 
single  fathom  of  black  or  dark  blue  cloth. 
They  are  appropriated  by  the  near  surviving 
relatives,  according  to  circumstances.  The 
lot  of  widows  for  some  weeks  after  their 
husbands'  death,  "  taking  one  consideration 
with  another,  is  not  a  happy  one."  They 
are  flogged  and  maltreated  in  every  way, 
and  are  always  the  first  to  be  accused  of 
causing  their  husbands'  death  by  witchcraft 
or  poison. 

Whilst  adultery  is  severely  punished 
among  many  tribes,  by  others  it  is  deemed 
quite  a  venial  offence,  and  is  easily  con- 
doned, especially  if  the  injured  husband 
makes  a  good  profit  by  it.  Among  tho 
Mpongwo-speaking  tribes  it  is  often  used 
as  a  means  of  levying  blackmail.  The  hus- 
band and  wife  perfectly  understand  each 
other,  and  tho  former  is  kept  acquainted 
with  all  intrigues,  and  at  tho  right  moment 
surprises  his  wife  and  her  paramour,  and 
exacts  heavy  damages  from  the  latter. 


We  cannot  enter  fully  into  the  subject  of 
secret  societies,  but  must  content  ourselves 
with  a  few  brief  remarks.  "  Yasi  "  is  not  a 
society,  but  the  oath  of  the  Igalwa  Isyoga, 
which  has  only  recently  been  introduced  at 
Gaboon  ;  the  sign  is  drawing  the  open  right 
hand  down  the  left  arm  from  shoulder  to 
wrist.  This  sign  is  also  that  of  the  secret 
society  of  the  Apinji,  Okanda,  and  other 
tribes.  In  the  Gaboon  there  is  a  society  for 
men  called  Inda,  and  one  for  women  called 
Njembe,  which  amongT  other  tribes  is 
changed  to  Nyembe.  There  is  also  another 
association  styled  Mwetye,  which  is  the  most 
secret  of  all,  and  concerns  itself  with  the 
sacrifices  to  the  manes  of  dead  men,  and 
the  execution  of  what  may  be  called  secret 
death-warrants,  to  which  we  nearly  fell  a 
victim  in  18C9.  Ventriloquism  is  employed 
by  some  of  the  members  of  these  societies. 

We  by  no  means  share  Miss  Kingsley's 
opinion  of  the  unhealthiness  of  the  Gaboon, 
but  a  distinction  must  be  made  between 
Libreville  and  Glass,  quite  independent  of 
climatic  considerations.  The  English  and 
German  traders  at  Glass,  as  well  as  the 
American  missionaries,  enjoy  fairly  good 
health,  the  mortality  amongst  them  never 
being  abnormally  heavy.  This  is  because 
the  mode  of  life  adopted  by  the  English  and 
Germans  is  different  from  that  of  French  resi- 
dents, and  more  conducive  to  the  preserva- 
tion of  health  ;  while  one  of  the  chief  causes 
of  mortality  among  the  French  is  that 
the  extensive  coal  depot  is  situated  on 
the  beach  directly  to  windward  of  the 
Plateau,  the  residence  of  the  officials. 

Miss  Kingsley  has  been  well  advised  in 
relegating  to  appendices  such  subjects  as 
"  Trade  and  Labour  "  and  "  Disease  in  West 
Africa,"  as  well  as  Dr.  Giinther's  "  Peport 
on  Reptiles  and  Fishes "  and  Mr.  Kirby's 
"List  of  Orthoptera,"  as  they  would 
interfere  with  the  narrative,  and  are  not 
of  interest  to  the  general  reader.  Of  the 
excellence  of  the  first  two,  and  of  the  in- 
sight gained  by  Miss  Kingsley  into  the 
subject  of  both,  it  is  impossible  to  speak 
too  highly  ;  although  they  are  neither  com- 
plete nor  exhaustive,  they  prove  that  the 
author  has  devoted  much  time  to  gaining 
information,  and  is  a  keen  and  accurate 
observer.  She  believes  that  there  is  no  pro- 
spect of  immediate  dividends  from  railways, 
and  censures  the  apathy  of  the  English  com- 
pared with  the  energy  displayed  by  our 
French  and  German  rivals ;  and  she  com- 
plains of  the  great  difficulty  of  obtaining 
trade  statistics,  and  of  the  carelessness  and 
dilatoriness  of  English  officials  in  prepar- 
ing them.     "  I  confess,"  she  remarks, 

"  I  am  not  an  enthusiast  in  civilising  the 
African.  My  idea  is  that  the  French  method 
of  dealing  with  Africa  is  the  best  at  present. 
Get  as  much  of  the  continent  as  possible  down 
in  the  map  as  yours,  make  your  Hag  wherever 
you  go  a  sacred  thing  to  the  native— a  thing  he 
dare  not  attack.  Then,  when  you  have  done 
this,  you  may  abandon  the  French  plan  and 
gradually  develope  the  trade  in  an  English 
manner,  but  not  in  the  English  manner  a  la 
Sierra  Leone.  But  do  your  pioneer  work  first. 
There  is  a  very  excellent  su  list  latum  for  English 
pioneer  work  on  our  coasts  in  tho  trading  com- 
munity, for  trade  is  the  great  key  to  the  African's 
heart,  and  everywhere  the  English  trader  and 
his  goods  stand  high  in  West  African  esteem." 

The  Labour  question  is  a  difficult  one  and 
so  is   tho    Drink   question,  and  neither   of 


L76 


'I1  ]  I  E     A  T  1 1  E  X  M  U  M 


N 


3615,  I'i.i 


tlii'in,  especially  the  latter,  La  understood  in  ' 
England.    They  are  Car  too  intricate  to  be 

dealt    with    fully    and    properly   here.      The 

Drink  question  is  not  bo  great  an  evil  as 
many    missionaries    represent.      That    the  ' 

tratlic  needs  regulating  is  indisputable,  l»ut 
so  far  tho  attempts  to  regulate  it  liave  not 
been  successful  because  tho  question  is  not 
understood  by  oflicials  oithor  at  home  or  on 
the  spot. 

Tho  illustrations  are  good,  hut  wo  must 
express  our  regret  that  there  is  no  map. 
For  all  who  know  "West  Equatorial  Africa 
Miss  Kingsley's  book  will  possess  an  ab- 
sorbing interest,  whilst  those  who  have  not 
yet  visited  that  country  will  gain  a  vast 
amount  of  varied  and  useful  information 
on  many  subjects.  Long  as  this  notice  is, 
it  is  not  so  exhaustive  as  we  could  wish, 
but  it  is  pleasant  to  find  so  much  in  this 
admirable  book  to  praise  and  commend  and 
so  little  to  disagree  with. 


Memoir  of  John    Veitch,  LL.D.,  Professor  of 

Logic  and  Rhetoric,  University  of  Glasgow. 

By   Mary  B.  L.  Bryce.     (Blackwood   & 

Sons.) 

Border  Essays.      By  John  Yeitch.      (Same 

publishers.) 
Jonx  Veitch  evidently  inherited  his  Border 
spirit  and  love  of  nature.     His  father,  Ser- 
geant   James   Yeitch,    of  Eeebles,    an   old 
soldier  full  of  tales  of  service  under  Wel- 
lington and  proud  of  his  Peninsular  medal, 
was  an  angler  so  keen  as  to  have  earned 
the   name   of    "  Veitch   the  Fisher."     The 
son,  born  in  1829,  a  studious  boy,  with  an 
affinity  for  the  romantic  and  superstitious, 
seeking  pastime  only  with  his  fishing-rod, 
left  the  grammar  school  of  Peebles  in  1845 
for  Edinburgh  University,  designed  for  the 
Free  Church,  then  in  the  first  flush  of  its 
foundation.     Falling  under  the  spell  of  Sir 
William    Hamilton,   Veitch   felt   so   drawn 
to  philosophy  that   theology  sank,   to   use 
his   own    figure,    "  44°   below    zero."     He 
thought  there  was  some  rubbish  requiring 
a  clearance  in  Calvinism.     He  came  out  as 
gold   medalist    in    moral   philosophy.      In 
1850   he    lapsed    into    a   brief    enthusiasm 
for    Shelley,     although    in    the    midst    of 
translating  Descartes,  a  task  which  lasted 
until   1853.     By  that  time  he  had  thrown 
overboard    all   idea    of   the  Church    as  his 
future,  albeit  bis   reaction   against   Calvin 
had  never  carried  him  far  into  scepticism. 
After   some   service   as  a  professorial   and 
editorial  assistant  he  was  chosen  Professor 
of   Logic   at   St.  Andrews   in    1860.      Two 
years  later  he  was  transferred  to  a  corre- 
sponding position  in    Glasgow,  during  his 
occupancy  of  which  his  best-known  works 
in  literary  history,  philosophy,  and  poetry 
appeared. 

Whether  these  facts  validly  called  for  a 
biography  may  well  be  questioned.  All 
that  the  professor  had  to  say  had  been 
said  in  his  books  and  essays,  nis  bio- 
grapher prints  no  fragment  of  autobio- 
graphy nor  letter  of  the  smallest  moment. 
The  contrast  with  his  erewhile  rival,  Prof. 
Nichol,  is  not  more  marked  in  their  fortunes 
after  death  than  during  life.  Veitch  did 
not  sketch  his  life  with  a  prematuro  eye  to 
posterity  as  Nichol  did.  Seemingly,  ho  lot 
posterity  shift  for  itself;  wo  hear  of  no 
diary,  and  one  suspects  that  his  biographer, 


unlike    Nichol's,    was   short   of    really   good 
material.     His  few  aoauaintanoeebips  with 

men  of  mark  can  scarcely  ever  have  reached 
intimacy.     At    least,    his    letter-box    to    all 
soomiug   preserved    practically    nothing   of 
the  familiar  wit  and  wisdom   of  his  friends. 
Tho  biography  could  not  scintillato  with  his 
own  epigrams,  for  ho  mado  none  :   even  a 
bright  phrase  is  rare.     Under  these  circum- 
stances   the     biographer    had    largely     to 
depend   on    herself.     Nothing    but    an    in- 
telligent   presentment    of    the    man    as   a 
wholo  —  measuring    him,  despite    his    own 
canon,   loss  by  what   he   became   than   by 
what  ho  accomplished — could  have  justified 
the  attempt  even  of  an  affectionate  relative 
under    a   pious     sense    of    obligation   and 
under  cover  of  writing  for  his  friends.     To 
begin   with,    there   is    something   radically 
astray  in  a  scheme  which  devotes  116  pages 
to    the    schoolboy   and   student,  and    only 
the     remaining     81     to     what    are    called 
"after- days"  —  that    absurd     designation 
being    applied    to    the    years    from     1860 
onwards    and  all  the    activities    they  em- 
braced, that    is    to    say,  to  the    man  and 
his     life-work.      And    out     of     these    81 
pages,  eight   go   to   testimonials   and  con- 
gratulations over  the  St.  Andrews  appoint- 
ment,    culminating    in    a    dinner    by    the 
magistrates  of  Peebles  !   The  world  at  large 
could  have  lived  on  without    the    detailed 
information    that    the    professor's    gift   of 
prayer   greatly   impressed    the  class-room. 
It  would  have  preferred  to  read  some  ac- 
count of  his  philosophic  evolution.     What 
would  he  have  thought  had  his  vision  of 
the  future  shown  him  his  life  written  with- 
out an  attempt  to  define  his  vital  contribu- 
tion to  philosophy,  and  with  a  calm  and  as 
it  were  official   admission  that  he   had  no 
solid  constructive  power  ?     It  would   have 
been  refreshing  to  have  an  equally  candid 
valuation  of   his   merits   in  literature   and 
history,  or  an  attempt  to  fix  the  percentage 
of    mere   rhetoric   in   both   his   prose   and 
verse. 

The   volume  of   '  Border   Essays  ' — in    a 
sense  a  by-product,  a  posthumous  reprint  of 
fugitive    magazine    articles — hardly  affords 
a  fair  criterion  of  Veitch's  quality,  historical, 
critical,  and  literary.     Though  composed  of 
detached  minor  pieces,  its  note  is  clear  even 
to  resonance  that  the   author  was  an  out- 
of-doors   man  with   an  intense  passion  for 
natural   scenery    and    with     a    descriptive 
touch,  apt  to  bo  a  little  heavy  at  times,  but 
spontaneous  and  true.      Wordsworthian  in 
every   fibre,  his  heart  leaped  up  to  behold, 
not  the  rainbow  in   the  sky,  but  the    sky 
itself.     This,  as  in   his   life  and  in  all  he 
wrote,  is  palpable  in  the  '  Border  Essays.' 
Historically    and    critically,    however,    tho 
result  is  thin.     Tho  real  personage,  David 
Ritchie,  who  sat  as  model  for  Scott's  '  Black 
Dwarf,'  seems  rather  a  potty  theme  for  a 
professor,     although    sympathetically    and 
interostingky  handled.     '  A  Day's  Eaid  into 
Northumberland '  has  little  beyond  guide- 
book learning  to  recommend  its  discussion 
of  tho  legonds  of  the  Sewingshields  Crags, 
an  old  spelling   of  which,    by   tho    way — 
Sywinescholes — might  have  helped  towards 
a  now  etymology.     Under  tho  title  of  '  Mr. 
Gladstone's   Ancostors,'   the    story    of    the 
Scottish  family  of  Gledstanes  is  told  with  the 
assistance  of  the  Burgh  Eocords  Society's 
'  Charters   of    Peebles.'      Had    tho    writer 


familiarly  known  Scottish  chronicle,  he  mig 
hare  produced  a  different  rendering  of  the 
siege  of  Oooklaw  by  the  P<  rcies  in  1 103. 

Had  he  been  antiquary  enough  to  study  the 
printed  records  of  Scotland,  he  would  never 
have  missed  tho  journey  of  William  of 
•  ■ledstanes,  junior,  into  England,  "causa 
studondi  et  actus  scolasticos  exercendi  in 
universitate  Oxon*  eiveCantabrigY'in  1358. 
A  paper  dealing  with  the  Yarrow  poems 
of  Wordsworth  and  Scott  shows  him  on  a 
theme  more  closely  allied  to  his  bent  of 
mind  than  early  family  history.  It  is  a 
connecting  narrative  and  exegetic  commen- 
tary. It  quotes  extensively,  and,  in  spite  of 
some  high-coloured  gilding,  is  natural  and 
direct,  and  may  be  instructive  to  those  not 
already  familiar  with  these  masterpieces  of 
tho  century. 

Generally  speaking,  as  historian  the  pro- 
fessor came  far  too  easily  by  his  facts.  His 
dominating  instincts,  those  of  rhetorician 
and  poet,  lay  in  an  opposite  direction  from 
the  searching  out  and  balancing  of  evi- 
dence. Indeed,  he  probably  never  really 
got  near  the  bottom  of  the  ultimate  autho- 
rities in  any  of  the  historic  questions 
he  touched.  Hence  his  critical  and  other 
opinions,  if  dependent  —  as  they  so  often 
were  —  on  conclusions  in  history,  require 
narrow  scrutiny,  for  there  as  elsewhere  the 
superstructure  rests  only  upon  the  base. 
When  he  comes  to  be  considered  on  his 
own  special  ground  as  critic  of  and  com- 
mentator on  Border  poetry,  the  qualification 
just  hinted  at  will  without  doubt  materially 
affect  his  final  position. 

We  revert  to  the  biography  to  say  that 
it  should  have  furnished  a  bibliography. 
It  does  not  so  much  as  contain  a  list  of 
the  professor's  books.  One  can  understand 
its  reticence  about  the  joke  of  a  colleague 
on  the  publication  of  '  The  Tweed,  and 
other  Poems,'  that  the  author  ought  to 
have  been  prosecuted  under  the  Pollution 
of  Eivers  Act !  But  it  may  be  regretted 
that  there  is  no  general  critical  estimate  of 
his  achievement  in  philosophy  and  place 
in  literature.  It  is  thus  unfortunate  that 
a  life  of  note  should  have  been  made  some- 
what disappointing.  To  his  fervour  of 
"spiritual  intuition,"  as  Mr.  Wenley  called 
it,  Veitch  owed  his  eloquence  and  his  in- 
spiring influence  over  younger  men.  It 
permeated  his  private  life  also,  and  his 
niece  has  not  failed  to  do  justice  to  the 
entire  attractiveness  and  worth  of  his  per- 
sonal side. 


C.  Suetoni  Tranquilli  Dims  Augustus.  Edited 
by  Evelyn  S.  Shuckburgh,  M.A.  (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press.) 

Wk  hail  with  pleasure  this  volume,  the 
fruit  of  the  first  serious  endeavour  yet  made 
to  supply  English  readers  with  an  illustra- 
tive commentary  upon  any  portion  of  Sue- 
tonius. In  it  are  set  forth  in  a  lucid  and 
well-ordered  fashion  the  main  results  of 
modern  research  concerning  the  mightiest 
political  transformation  which  history  has 
yet  had  to  record.  Mr.  Shuckburgh  has 
executed  in  a  manner  deserving  of 
praise  the  plan  announced  by  him  in  his 
preface  "  to  illustrate  the  work  of  Suetonius 
by  putting  bofore  the  reader,  as  fully  as 
space  would  permit,  the  materials  which 
exist  for  constructing  the  history  of  the  life 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


177 


and  times  of  Augustus,  and  which  expand 
ard  explain  the  necessarily  brief  and  sum- 
marized statements  in  the  Biography  itself." 
Many  of  the  notes  are  as  clear  and  admirable 
presentments  of  the  subject-matter  with 
which  they  deal  as  one  could  wish  to  see. 
Nor  is  the  work  by  any  means  a  mere 
compilation.  At  many  points  Mr.  Shuck- 
burgh  has  shown  himself  capable  of  exer- 
cising to  good  purpose  an  independent 
judgment.  We  do  not  wish  to  complain 
of  the  editor  because  he  has  not  forestalled 
the  coming  German  or  French  scholar  who 
will  treat  the  subject  in  exhaustive  and 
overloaded  volumes.  Yet,  considering  the 
smallness  of  the  demand  which  exists  in 
England  for  editions  of  the  minor  Latin 
classics,  and  the  little  likelihood  there  is 
that  either  Mr.  Shuckburgh  or  any  other 
English  scholar  will,  before  any  long  time 
has  elapsed,  go  over  the  ground  again, 
we  cannot  help  regretting  that  a  somewhat 
different  scheme  was  not  adopted.  Much 
of  the  information  contained  in  the  notes  is 
now  to  be  found  in  works  generally  acces- 
sible, to  which  the  reader  might  in  many 
oases  have  been  referred.  The  space  thus 
gained  would  have  enabled  the  editor  to 
secure  for  the  edition  greater  completeness 
and  usefulness.  As  it  stands,  it  supplies 
much  illustrative  material  which  lies  out  of 
the  ordinary  student's  reach,  but  by  an 
extended  use  of  the  ancient  sources  and 
of  the  modern  literature  bearing  upon  the 
oarly  Empire  a  good  deal  more  might  have 
been  gleaned.  The  list  of  modern  authori- 
ties given  in  the  introduction  is  strikingly 
defective.  While  Beule's  popular  pamphlet 
is  included,  the  names  of  H.  Schiller  and 
V.  Gardthausen  (to  say  nothing  of  the 
writers  of  numerous  articles  and  mono- 
graphs) are  not  to  be  found  there.  Another 
serious  defect  is  the  absence  of  any  critical 
■estimate  of  the  historical  value  of  Dio, 
Appian,  and  other  ancient  writers  quoted  in 
illustration  of  the  text  of  Suetonius.  And 
although  the  edition  has  been  constructed 
snainly  with  an  historical  purpose  in  view, 
still  one  must  feel  sorry,  for  the  reason 
already  mentioned,  that  Mr.  Shuckburgh 
did  not  find  it  possible  to  deal  in  a  more 
thorough  fashion  with  matters  affecting  the 
language  and  text  of  his  author.  The 
broad  question  of  the  position  which  the 
diction  of  Suetonius  holds  in  the  realm  of 
"silver  Latin"  is  treated  in  the  introduc- 
tion, but  tlio  treatment  is  restricted  and 
unsatisfactory. 

Considering  tho  great  compass  and  intri- 
cacy of  the  materials  which  the  editor  had 
to  handle,  tho  number  of  errors  in  detail, 
and  of  omissions  in  circumstances  where 
omissions  aro  likely  to  mislead,  is  not 
serious,  and  will  not  appreciably  detract 
from  the  value  of  the  work  for  students' 
[imposes.  Tho  need  of  further  verification 
will  be  oftener  felt  in  connexion  with  the 
QOtefl  on  language  than  with  those  on 
history.  In  some  instances  where  linguistic 
usages  are  marked  as  peculiar  tho  missing 
parallels  are  to  bo  found  in  the  dictionaries. 
'I  bus  Forcellini  affords  illustrations  of  tho 
phrase  a  memoria  (p.  xxxv) ;  of  speculator 
I  for  "spy"  (p.  59);  and  of  praedizimiu, 
meaning  "  wo  havo  previously  stated  M 
(p.  158).  On  p.  80  two  quotations  from 
bus  are  given  to  illustrato  tho  order 
"i    tho  names  in  Cord  us  Crcmutius.      Tho 


limitation  of  the  note  may  mislead  unwary 
students  with  regard  to  a  usage  which  is 
widespread  in  Latin,  early,  classical,  and 
late.  The  assertion  (p.  123)  that  Cicero 
would  write  not  "  emere  ab  aliquo,"  but 
"  emere  de  aliquo,"  is  incorrect;  both  con- 
structions of  the  verb  are  common  in  his 
writings  ;  and  attention  may  be  called  to 
one  grammatical  point  concerning  which  Mr. 
Shuckburgh  repeats  what  is  current  in  the 
grammars  and  dictionaries  of  the  day.  In 
a  note  on  p.  80  he  states  that,  with  regard 
to  fungi,  "  the  later  writers  imitated  the 
construction  of  the  prae-Ciceronians "  by 
putting  the  object  in  the  accusative.  But, 
among  authors  down  to  the  end  of  the  first 
century  a.d.,  the  only  alleged  examples  are 
one  in  Nepos,  two  in  Tacitus,  and  three  in 
Suetonius,  all  in  the  life  of  Augustus 
(cc.  35,  36,  45).  If  these  authors  departed 
in  these  few  instances  from  the  accustomed 
construction  of  fungi.,  which  they  generally 
followed,  they  were  guilty  of  a  strange 
freak.  With  regard  to  Suetonius,  the 
example  from  c.  45  is  not  in  point,  "  suam 
vicem"  being  an  adverbial  phrase.  In  c.  36 
the  reading  quaesturam  is  not  certain  on  the 
evidence  of  the  MSS.,  and  is  rendered  still 
more  uncertain  by  the  fact  that  the  word  is 
preceded  by  two  other  words  ending  in  -am. 
In  the  third  passage  (c.  35)  "  senatorio 
munere"  is  probably  the  right  reading,  the 
word  senatorio  having  been  accidentally  assi- 
milated in  its  ending  to  molestia,  which  goes 
before;  this  entailed  the  change  of  munere 
to  munera.  The  two  quotations  from  Tacitus 
are  for  similar  reasons  suspicious ;  and  the 
evidence  for  the  original  text  of  Nepos  is 
notoriously  unsatisfactory. 

A  few  points  (out  of  many)  connected 
more  with  subject-matter  than  with  lan- 
guage may  be  noticed.  In  c.  4  the  words 
"e  pago  Thurino"  may  well  mean  "belong- 
ing to  one  of  the  pagi  in  the  district  of 
Thurii."  But  possibly  e  pago  is  an  error  of 
the  MSS.  for  ex  agro.  The  militaria  dona 
bestowed  on  the  young  Octavius  by  Caesar 
at  his  triumph  iu  46  can  hardly  have  been 
"  the  dress  and  ornaments  of  a  commander" 
(note  on  c.  8).  They  rather  consisted  in  the 
20,000  sesterces  which  each  soldier  received 
(Dio,  43,  21)  and  torques,  armillae,  phalerae, 
and  such  like  trappings.  The  expression 
Koar/xoi'i  (jTpaTi^yiKoi'i  in  the  passage  from 
Nicolas  of  Damascus  adduced  by  Mr. 
Shuckburgh  does  not  mean  more  than 
ornament  is  militaribus.  The  date  given  on 
p.  28  for  the  surrender  of  Perusia,  viz., 
March,  40,  is  too  late  ;  the  end  of  January 
or  beginning  of  February  is  more  probable. 
In  the  discussion  of  the  alleged  sacrifice  of 
prisoners  by  Augustus  at  the  arae  Perusinae 
reference  should  havo  been  made  to  the 
testimony  of  Appian  and  Yelleius.  With 
regard  to  the  battlo  of  Nauloclus  and  tho 
surrender  of  the  legions  which  had  been 
under  the  command  of  Lepidus  (c.  16), 
Mommson  has  clearly  shown  (in  Hermes, 
vol.  xvii.)  that  the  former  event  took  place 
noar  tho  end  of  August,  86,  and  tho  lattor 
on  September  .">nl  of  that  year.  On  p.  53 
there  is  a  curiously  precise  statement  about 
a  very  dubious  matter,  viz.,  that  "  since 
B.C.  80  a  term  of  military  service  had  ceased 
to  be  a  condition  for  obtaining  office."  Tho 
doubts  of  Mommson  and  othors  as  to  the 
possibility  of  maintaining  tho  reading 
"  prioro  vexillo "  in  c.  25    should   scarcely 


have  been  passed  by ;  and  sundry  similar 
matters  have  not  been  noticed.  In 
speaking  of  the  arrangements  made  by 
Tiberius  for  the  appointment  of  magistrates 
it  would  have  been  well  to  refer  to  the 
separate  treatment  of  the  consulship 
(Tacitus,  'Annals,'  i.  81).  Three  praetorii, 
not  two,  were  charged  with  the  administra- 
tion of  the  aerarium  militare,  as  is  stated  by 
Dio  in  the  chapter  which  Mr.  Shuckburgh 
partly  quotes  (note  on  c.  49).  The  explana- 
tion of  decuriae  in  c.  57  as  indicating  "groups 
of  ten  families  constituting  a  tribe  "  should 
scarcely  have  been  contemplated  as  possible, 
and  the  comparison  of  decuriatio  tribulium  in 
Cicero  is  hardly  relevant.  The  date  of  the 
foundation  of  the  earliest  temple  of  Apollo 
at  Rome  is  432  B.C.,  not  413.  It  was 
surely  Catulus  and  not  Cato  who  dubbed 
Cicero  "pater  patriae"  or  "parens  patriae." 
In  the  note  on  c.  91  about  the  adop- 
tion of  Capricornus  by  Augustus  as  his 
sign  no  allusion  is  made  to  a  probable 
explanation,  viz.,  that  in  casting  the  horo- 
scope of  a  child  not  the  time  of  birth,  but 
the  time  of  conception,  was  taken  into 
account.  The  volume  is  admirably  and 
correctly  printed. 


The  Life  of  Gordon.  By  Demetrius  C.  Boulger. 

With  Portrait.  2  vols.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
Many  biographies  of  Gordon  have  been 
published — the  best,  we  think,  by  Sir  Henry 
Gordon,  the  elder  brother  of  the  hero ;  but 
none  is  final  or  completely  satisfactory — for 
obvious  reasons.  The  life  cannot  be  written 
until  many  persons  concerned  are  dead  and  till 
Gordon's  papers,  hitherto  and  for  some  time 
to  come  necessarily  private,  can  be  publicly 
and  freely  used.  It  is  difficult,  it  must  be 
confessed,  to  see  the  necessity  for  this  latest 
attempt,  which  calls  itself  '  The  Life  of 
Gordon,'  and  which,  by  means  of  amazingly 
thick  paper,  somewhat  out  of  keeping  with 
the  rather  mean  -  looking  type,  fills  two 
volumes,  though  the  two  together  con- 
tain but  350  pages.  Mr.  Boulger  claims 
that  he  has  presented  "a  complete  view 
and  final  verdict,"  and  he  is  confident  that 
"  nothing  in  the  unpublished  documents  will 
affect  the  main  conclusions  "  at  which  he  has 
arrived  concerning  the  Khartoum  mission 
and  its  end.  He  states  that  for  two  years 
he  had  Gordon's  private  papers  in  his 
custody,  but  he  does  not  mention  whether 
he  copied  or  made  notes  of  them.  At  pre- 
sent these  documents  cannot  bo  published, 
under  the  terms  of  Miss  Gordon's  will ;  and 
the  impression  of  those  who  have  the  means 
of  knowing  is  that  they  do  contain  important 
materials  which  would  probably  modify 
current  views.  However  this  maj'  bo,  there 
are  other  persons  and  other  documents  con- 
cerned in  Gordon's  work  and  death,  and  it 
is  quite  certain  that  in  their  case  publication 
is  at  present  out  of  the  question.  On  tho 
whole,  then,  it  seems  to  us  that  the  now 
biography  cannot  be  complete  or  final,  and 
that  any  attempt  at  a  balanced  historical 
judgment  of  tho  facts  connectod  with  tho 
fall  of  Khartoum  must  for  somo  time  be 
premature. 

It  would  I"1  unjust,  however,  to  ignore 
many  oxcellenl  qualities  in  Mr.  Boulgor's 
biography.  It  is  short  anil  to  the  point,  a 
connected  vigorous  narrative,  and  free  from 
that  mawkish  Bontiment  which    has    somo- 


178 


THE     ATIIENJEUM 


timet  been  expended  upon  Gordon,  bat 
which  Gordon  himself  would  have  Boomed. 
Mr.  Boulger  dwells  especially  on  tho  old 

Adam  in  the  General'!  character,  and  main- 
tains that  "to  the  end   of   his  life  tho  true 
Gordon  was    moro  of   tho  soldier  than   the 
saint."     Thanks  to  this  idea,  wo  hear  moro 
of   tho    manliness    and    impetuosity    of    the 
soldier  than  the  doings  of  the  philanthropist 
or  the  devout  musings  of  tho  pilgrim  ;    and 
we  are  grateful.     Besides  taking  a  rational 
and  practical  viow  of  the  man,  Mr.  Boulger 
is  well  qualiBed  to  write  upon  the  historical 
and  political  situation,  especially  in  China— 
a  subject  which  occupies  a  fourth  of   tho 
book.     Ho  is  able  to  publish  a  clear  and, 
let  us  add,  dramatic  account  of  what  hap- 
pened at  the  murder  of  the  Wangs,  and  to 
show  that  Gordon  afterwards  retracted  his 
censure  of  Sir  Halliday  Macartney.    Indeed, 
the  two  remained  friends  ever  after.     This 
is     a    useful     rectification     of    a     passage 
which    has    been     widely    misrepresented. 
On     the     other     hand,     we     are     not     so 
sure  that  Mr.   Boulger  is  right  about  the 
cause   of   Gordon's    resignation   as   private 
secretary  to  Lord  Eipon.     He  asserts  that 
the  "determining  cause"  was  the  Govern- 
ment's  treatment    of    Yakub    Khan-     but 
there  is  high  authority  for  believing  that 
Gordon  repented  his  acceptance  of  so  utterly 
uncongenial  a  post  almost  as  soon  as  he  had 
accepted  it,  and  that  he  had  made  up  his 
mind  to  resign  even  before  he  arrived  in 
«     i    vHlS    8ubse(iuent    visit     to    China 
affords  his  biographer  occasion  to  make  the 
remarkable  statement  that  the  German  and 
English    ambassadors  — Von    Brandt    and 
\\  ade— tried  to  induce  Gordon  to  take  com- 
mand of  Li  Hung  Chang's  forces  and  march 
with  Li  on  Peking  to  depose  the  emperor 
and  set  up  a  new  government.     Herr  von 
Brandt  and  Lady  Wade  have  both  publicly 
denied  the  truth  of  this  charge ;   but  Mr 
Boulger  has  not  yet  withdrawn  it.     Again 
when  he  comes  to  deal  with  the  Khartoum 
expedition,  the   biographer   adopts   a   con- 
tentious attitude,   which  has  naturally  ex- 
cited some  controversy.     The  subject  is  too 
political  for  discussion  in  these  pages,  but 
one  or  two  points  may  be   touched   upon 
It  is  clear,  for  example,  that  Mr.  Boulger 
can   know  little   of  the  character  of   Lord 
Cromer  when  he  accuses  him  of  objecting 
to   Gordon  s  mission  solely  on   account   of 
jealous  irritation  caused  by  an  old  dispute 
on  Egyptian  finances.     The  usual  attack  is 
made  on  Sir  Charles  Wilson  for  his  delay 
at  Metemmeh ;    but  we  fancy  Mr.  Boulger 
has  no  idea  of  the  exhausted  condition  of 
the   desert   column   after  the    engagements 
at  Abu-Klea  and  Gubat,  or  of  the  way  in 
which   it   was  hampered   by  the  necessary 
care   of   the   wounded.      Had   Sir   Charles 
Wilson  even  arrived  in  time  to  find  Gordon 
alive,  m  a  starving  city,  when  tho  besiegers 
were  on  the  point  of  tho  final  assault,  it  is 
not  easy  to  see  what  he  could  have  effected, 
bir  Charles  was  not  instructed  to  reinforce 
Ixordon  ;  he  was  merely  to  confer  with  him, 
and  Mr.  Boulger  says  tho  letter  ho  carried 
from    Lord   Wolseley   ordered    Gordon    to 
resign  his  command  and  immediately  retire 
from  Khartoum.     One  can  easily  imagine 
Gordon  s  reply.     Another  point  on  which 
Mr.  Boulger  dwells  with  some  insistence  is 
the  refusal  to  send  Zubayr  to  the  Soudan; 
but  is  it  certain  that  Zubayr  would  have 


gone,  even  if  permitted  :   and  if  he  had  gone 
VOnld  he  or  OOuld  lie  hare  done  any  good'^ 

Altogether  Mr.  Boulger  has  at  least  suc- 
ceeded m  writing  an  interesting,  highly  con- 
troversial, and  far  from  final  sketch  of  a 
most  impressive  career.  As  literature,  per- 
haps, it  has  no  great  claim  to  admiration; 
it  is  tho  work  of  a  journalist,  and  tho  style 
is  often  careless  and  never  distinguished. 
But  it  has  tho  qualities  of  vigour,  rapidity 
of  narrative,  and  personal  conviction,  and 
these  count  for  something  in  the  biography 
of  a  man  of  action. 


NEW  NOVELS. 
The     liabe,      B.A.      By     E.     F.    Benson. 

(Putnam's  Sons.) 

"  Distinctly    lifelike    and    entertaining  " 
must  be  the  verdict  on  Mr.  Benson's  latest 
performance   as  far  as  it  goes.     Although 
he   has   wisely   not   attempted    to   write    a 
university    novel,    the     set    of    men     and 
the  colleges  he   deals   with    in  the  scenes 
he    has    strung    together    are    hardly    re- 
presentative of   Cambridge   life.     He   has, 
at   any   rate,    resisted    the    temptation    to 
kill,    marry,  or    "send  down"  any  of  his 
characters.     Here  are    no  lurid  drunkards 
"  giddy    and    crapulous,"    such    as   Dean 
Farrar  gave  us,  and  none  of  the  brilliantly 
impossible  degrees  which  prevail  in  other 
pages.     The  period  seems  modern,  but  con- 
fused ,  as  it  embraces  the  vogue  of  the '  Secon  d 
Mrs.  Tanqueray  '  and  also  of  the  Hotel  Cecil. 
Among  the  scenes  portrayed,  the  rehearsal 
of  a  Greek  play,  a  Kugby  football  match, 
and  an  idle  morning  of   "work"   are    all 
admirable  ;    but    we    miss    some    account 
of    the    boat  -  races    and    rowing    proper. 
Though   light    in    the   extreme,  the    book 
has    needed     some    application    to     read. 
The  fact  is  that  the   chief  Don  (there  are 
only   two    drawn  at  any   length)  and   the 
?h-r\ef   undergraduate,  the  Babe,   both  talk 
11  Dodo"     This  clever,  irresponsible  dialect, 
irradiated  with  ingeniously  misapplied  quo- 
tations and  easy  paradox,  fills  far  too  much 
of  the  book,  and  wearies  on  repetition.     To 
quote  the  remark  which  every  freshman  is 
sure   to   hear  attributed   to    a  well-known 
Cambridge   character,   and  even   introduce 
an  unkind  reference  to  him  by  name,  seems 
fjs°   9uite   in   tb-e  style   of   the  author   of 
'Dodo,'  and  in  very  bad  taste.     The  Don 
as  lecturer  is  not  touched  on  at  all,  and  the 
amount  of  time  wasted  by  the  characters, 
dons  and  others,  in  mere  talk  is  excessive. 
We  are  much  surprised  to  find  the  Babe  at 
the  end  of  his  three  years  first  in  the  second 
class  of  the  History  Tripos.     He  was  a  good 
fellow,   but   his  form  of    fatuity  is  hardly 
characteristic  of  the  Cambridge  undergra- 
duate.    The  local  colour  is  undeniably  good, 
and  the  illustrations  give  some  idea  of  "  the 
Backs,"  but  the  book  is  carelessly  printed. 

The    Yolce   of  Steel.     By   C.   J.    Wills   and 

Godfrey  Burchett.  (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
The  reader  of  Mr.  C.  J.  Wills's  fiction  is 
accustomed  to  look  for  good  literature ;  and 
so  much  of  '  The  Yoke  of  Steel '  as  answers 
that  description  will  probably  be  attributed 
to  him.  The  problem  which  the  writers 
have  m  view  is  that  of  illustrating  a  warm- 
hearted innocent  girl's  rebellion  against  her 
husband's  well-meaning  but  austere  tyranny; 
she  becomes   entangled  by  an  indiscretion, 


N°  3615,  Feb.  6.  '97 

and  husband  and  would-be  lover  fight  with 
swords.  The  book  would  be  better  for  the 
absence  of  this  melodramatic  and  unneces- 
sary scene.  It  is  probably  inserted  only  to 
give  tho  story  a  claim  to  dramatization  ;  and 
it  spoils  what  would  otherwise  be  a  clever 
novel.  The  book  has  most  of  the  elements 
of  popularity,  and  is  well  written. 

The   Sport  of  the  Gods.     By  Esther  Miller. 
(Innes  &  Co.) 

Wiieke  a  man  is  liable  to  be  indicted  for 
murder,  and  where  the  only  witness  who 
can  condemn  him,  or  save  him  by 
silence,  is  a  woman,  one  of  two  things 
can  happen.  She  can  be  called  as  a  witness 
to  give  her  evidence,  or,  if  there  is  no  dis- 
ability or  impediment,  she  can  marry  the 
accused.  In  a  criminal  case  a  wife's  testi- 
mony is  not  admissible  against  her  husband. 
On  this  question  turns  the  story  entitled 
'  The  Sport  of  the  Gods.'  It  is  long  before 
the  heroine  knows  that  her  husband  is  in- 
nocent, and  until  then  they  live  apart.  At 
length  it  is  found  that  there  was  another 
and  a  better  witness,  and  the  real  murderer 
is  revealed.  Such  is  the  story,  and,  as  a 
melodramatic  plot,  it  is  very  well  told.  The 
reader  will  regret  that  the  literary  skill  of 
the  author,  which  is  small,  is  not  equal  to 
her  capacity  for  framing  a  plot.  Nevertheless 
the  novel  is  exciting  and  preserves  its  in- 
terest to  the  end.  We  imagine  that  a  lawyer 
who  reads  the  first  few  chapters  will  a6k 
why  the  leading  personages,  including  a 
practising  solicitor,  are  not  indicted  for  con- 
spiracy (by  statute  as  well  as  at  common 
law) ;  but  such  an  occurrence  would  unques- 
tionably spoil  an  otherwise  excellent  story. 

The  Will  that   Wins.     By  Quinton  Simmel 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Tiie  author  of  this  book  thinks  that  the 
events  recorded  in  its  pages,  being  founded 
on  fact,  should  make  it  "  more  valuable  and 
interesting  to  every  reader."  It  is  certainly 
not  interesting.  Of  its  value  some  opinion 
may  be  formed  from  the  following  brilliant 
passage  : — 

"  We  were  completely  out  of  our  bias.  Some- 
how things  there  seemed  different  from  what 
they  really  were.  Even  among  the  trees  there 
were  shrill  sounds  of  wind.  Everything  around 
appeared  in  a  mis-maze  [sic],  and  all  groaned 
together." 

'The   Will   that  Wins'   is   a    travesty  of 
literature. 


An    English     Wife.      By    Bertha     M.    M. 

Miniken.  (Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Were  the  attractions  of  this  novel  in  any 
way  proportionate  to  its  inordinate  length, 
'An  English  Wife'  would  be  a  work  of 
genius.  It  might  possibly  please  a  school- 
girl were  the  book  shortened  by  one-half. 
It  is  well  intentioned,  but  it  is  not  a  success- 
ful effort  at  the  composition  of  fiction.  On 
p.  186  somebody's  lines  are  described  as 
"sonsy."  This  and  some  other  phrases 
appear  quite  meaningless. 

Z'Orme    du    Mail.     Par    Anatole    France. 

(Paris,  Calmann  Levy.) 
The  new  novel  of  M.  Anatole  France  has 
neither  beginning  nor  end,  plot,  story, 
construction,  nor  any  of  the  ordinary 
characteristics  of  a  novel.  He  has  not 
attempted  to  impart  them   to  his  volume, 


N°  3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


179 


or  apparently  to  finish  it.  At  the  same 
time  the  book  contains  an  interesting  study 
of  ecclesiastical  society  in  the  France  of 
the  present  day,  and  here  and  there  some 
representative  passages  of  the  pleasant 
cynicism  of  the  author.  The  archbishop, 
for  example,  "  populaire  et  tres  attentif  a, 
se  concilier  l'opinion  de  tous,  ne  dedaignait 
pas  celle  des  honnetes  gens."  The  Prefet 
was  one  of  those  "  ayant  coutume  d'ecouter 
par  la  bouche."  Asresponsible  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  France  under  the  Eepublic  of  the 
style  1895-7,  his  aim  was 
"que  les  minisfcres  pussent  jouir  en  paix  de 
cette  commune  indifference  qui,  gagnant  leurs 
amis  comme  leurs  ennemis,  assurait  en  meme 
temps  leur  force  et  leur  repos." 
The  press  of  the  chief  town  of  the  Depart- 
ment does  not  come  in  for  praise:  "La 
feuille  socialiste,  seule  pure,  etait  seule 
violente."  The  superior  of  the  seminary, 
a  great  priest,  and  one  of  the  professors  of 
the  local  branch  of  the  University,  a  leading 
atheist,  are  the  firmest  of  friends  : — 

"Seuls  dans  la  ville  ils  s'inte'ressaient  aux 
idees  generates.  Cette  sympathie  les  re"unissait. 
En  philosophant  sous  les  quinconces,  quand  le 
temps  e"tait  beau,  ils  se  consolaient,  run  des 
tristesses  du  celibat,  l'autre  des  tracas  de  la 
famille  ;  tous  deux,  de  leurs  ennuis  profes- 
sionnels  et  de  leur  egale  impopularite." 

Another  priest  falls  out  with  the  Prefet  (who 
wants  to  make  a  bishop  of  him)  over  a 
modern  miracle,  which  the  Prefet  will  not 
tolerate,  while  the  great  preacher  does  not 
want  to  be  called  upon  to  pronounce  for 
one  side  or  the  other  ;  but  the  Prefet 
insists  that  his  candidate  for  episcopal 
honours  shall  cause  a  newspaper,  over 
which  he  has  indirect  influence,  to  "cesser 
la  campagne  qu'ils  menent  pour  le  succes 
d'un  miracle  inconstitutionnel  et  anticon- 
cordataire."  One  observation  that  M. 
France  makes  about  the  Eepublic  is  of 
real  political  value  and  important : — 

"  En  conside'rant  les  chances  d'une  guerre,  les 
autres  gouvernements  n'ont  a  redouter  que  la 
defaite.  Le  not  re  craint  e'galement,  avec  juste 
raison,  la  victoire  et  la  de"faite.  Cette  crainte 
salutaire  nous  assure  la  paix,  qui  est  le  plus 
grand  des  biens." 


SPORTING   LITERATURE. 

The  second  volume  of  the  "Sportsman's 
Library,"  edited  by  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  is  a 
reprint  of  A  Sporting  Tour  through  the  Northern 
Parts  of  England  and  Great  Part  of  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland,  by  Col.  T.  Thornton  (Arnold),  whose 
book  was  originally  published  in  1804,  and  was 
unfavourably  reviewed  next  year  in  the  Edin- 
burgh by  no  less  a  person  than  Sir  Walter  Scott. 
Notwithstanding  it  has  much  to  interest  both 
sportsmen  and  other  visitors  to  Scotland ;  the 
former  will  notice  many  changes,  some  for  the 
worse,  since  the  colonel's  day.  They  can  no  longer 
travel  all  through  the  heart  of  the  Highlands 
with  their  establishment  and  try  for  game  where 
the  cover  seems  likely,  nor  will  they  find  salmon 
in  scores  at  the  Falls  of  Clyde.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  journey,  instead  of  being  an  expensive 
affair,  extending  over  several  weeks  and  involv- 
ing risk  occasionally  and  hardship  often,  is  now 
performed  daily  with  much  ease  and  certainty  at 
small  cost.  Col.  Thornton  selected  his  route  with 
commendable  taste,  and  contrived  to  see  a  great 
deal  of  the  finest  Scotch  scenery  south  of  Inver- 
ness. Loch  Lomond,  Loch  Tay,  the  Grampians, 
and  Strathspey  were  visited,  and  the  descriptions 
are  good.  Some  of  his  shots  were  incredibly 
wag,  and  parts  of  his  fishing  stories  seem  to 
verge  on  the  poetical  ;  but  to  an  angler  a  lively 


imagination  is  conceded.  The  book  is  well 
chosen  for  reproduction,  which  has  been  suc- 
cessful, specially,  we  think,  in  the  reduction 
of  the  engravings  from  Garrard's  pictures. 

The  Poetry  of  Sport,  selected  by  Hedley  Peek 
(Longmans  &  Co.),  forms  the  twenty-eighth, 
and  for  the  present  the  last,  volume  of  the 
"  Badminton  Library."  Tastes  no  doubt  differ, 
but  it  is  open  to  question  whether  a  collection 
of  verse,  in  which  mediocrity  is  even  more 
than  usually  prevalent,  is  an  appropriate  ending 
to  a  series  generally  good,  and  occasionally 
by  common  consent  the  standard  authority  on 
certain  forms  of  sport.  Probably  a  compre- 
hensive and  well-arranged  bibliography  would 
have  been  more  useful,  though  it  would  have 
involved  greater  labour.  Curiously  enough,  this 
has  recently  been  supplied  for  shooting  by  Mr. 
Wirt  Gerrare,  whose  work  is  noticed  below  ; 
and  perhaps  in  time  similar  information  may 
be  collected  for  other  sports  and  pastimes. 
While  the  volume  could  scarcely  support  an 
independent  existence,  and  for  success  must  be 
indebted  to  an  admirable  series,  yet  much  that 
is  amusing  may  be  found  amongst  its  pages, 
not  the  least  so  being  Mr.  Outwood's  imitations 
of  Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling.  See  the  following 
extract  from  '  Bookey  ':— 
Yes,  making  mock  of  those  you  use,  and  for  your  pleasure 

Is  cheaper'  far  than  honour— and  with  some  that 's  deuced 

cheap;  '  , 

And  betting  with  a  Bookey,  on  a  certain  tip  you  ve  got. 
Is  safer  far  than  it  would  be  with  some  of  your  own  lot. 
Then  it's  Bookey  this,  and  Bookey  that,  and  "Bookey, 

don't  come  near"; 
But  it's  "  Where  's  my  good  friend  Dickey  Jones  ?     when 

the  numbers  do  appear  ; 
When  the  numbers  do  appear  at  last,  the  numbers  do 

appear; 
O  it 's  '•  Where's  my  best  of  Bookeys  ?    when  the  numbers 

do  appear. 
Mr.  Watson,  the  assistant  editor,  in  an  inter- 
esting preface  records  the  history  of  the  series. 
The  project  first  took  shape  some  fifteen  years 
ago,  when  a  new  edition  of  Blaine's  '  Encyclo- 
paedia of  Rural  Sports '  was  under  consideration, 
and  gradually  grew  to  its  present  dimensions. 
Whilst  the  "Badminton  Library"  was  being 
written  new  pastimes  requiring  new  volumes 
came  into  fashion,  and  most  likely  others  will 
follow,  so  that  it  would  be  rash  to  say  that  the 
series  was  ended.  The  Duke  of  Beaufort  is  the 
editor,  and  Mr.  Watson  says  his  control  was 
minute,  relating  in  proof  an  incident  in  which 
his  Grace  is  made  to  speak  of  "  the  Coldstreams  " 
instead  of  the  Coldstream  Guards,  a  slip  we 
should  not  have  expected  from  that  quarter. 
"The  absolutely  indefatigable  labours  of  Mr. 
T.  Norton  Longman"  are  justly  praised.  It 
may  easily  be  believed  that  the  library  owes 
more  to  his  sound  judgment,  powers  of  concilia- 
tion, and  persuasion  than  it  does  to  any  other 
person  concerned,  but  we  hereby  tender  to  all 
our  sincere  congratulations.  The  idea  of  an 
encyclopedia  or  series  of  books  on  sports  is  a 
very  old  one.  The  '  Maison  Rustique  ;  or,  the 
Countrie  Farme,'  printed  in  London  for  Bonham 
Norton,  1(500,  was  followed  by  Richard  Blome's 
'Gentleman's  Recreation,'  1086,  and  that  in 
turn  by  various  sporting  dictionaries,  which 
held  the  field  till  early  in  the  present  century. 
These,  with  the  famous  Sporting  Magazine,  bring 
us  down  to  Blaine's  'Encyclopedia  of  Rural 
Sports,'  1840,  already  mentioned  as  preceding 
the  "Badminton  Library."  The  illustrations 
of  Mr.  Peek's  volume  are  numerous,  some  of 
the  reproductions  of  old  prints  being  decidedly 
interesting.  Of  the  newer  style  Mr.  Thorbum's 
game  birds  are,  like  most  of  his  work,  admirable 
in  fidelity  ;  Mr.  Lucien  Davis's  young  ladies  are 
as  usual  attractive,  and  Mr.  Brock's  work  also 
deserves  praise. 

"So  many  books  have  been  written  upon  guns 
and  shooting  that  no  apology  is  needed  for  pub- 
lishing a  guide  to  them  "  is  the  opinion  expressed 
by  Mr.  Wirt  Grerrare  in  introducing.!  Biblio- 
graphy of  Guru  and  ShooWnc (Roxburghe  Press). 

Wo  agree  with  him,  and  have  no  doubt,  that  the 
compilation  will  prove  of  great  value  to  future 


writers  on  the  subject,  perhaps  even  to  book- 
collectors,  for  the  work  appears  to  have  been 
carefully  done.  Classification  of  the  books  which 
date  from  1450  to  1850  is  mainly  chronological  ; 
after  1850  the  works  are  divided  according  to 
nationality,  and  subdivided  into  "those  relating 
to  arms  generally,  to  particular  descriptions  of 
arms,  to    the   technicalities  of    gun-making,  to 

the    proof    of    guns and,    lastly,    to    sport 

with  the  gun  at  home  and  abroad."  Modern 
military  treatises  on  ordnance,  war,  &c, 
Russian  sporting  books  (because  of  typographical 
difficulties),  and  foreign  works  of  little  interest  are 
excluded  ;  but  the  principle  on  which  the  selec- 
tion is  made  is  not  defined.  As  might  reason- 
ably be  expected,  the  class  of  authors  has  been 
considerably  recruited  from  that  of  gunmakers, 
the  best-known  books,  perhaps,  in  this  country 
being  those  by  J.  D.  Dougall,  of  Glasgow,  and 
by  the  Greeners  of  Birmingham,  whose  works, 
specially  those  by  W.  W.  Greener,  have  been 
translated  into  many  languages  and  widely  read. 
Mr.  Wirt  Gerrare  has  views  of  his  own  on 
shooting  ;  he  affirms  that  the  old  love  of  sport 
is  extinct  or  so  modified  as  to  baffle  recognition  : 
'•  Scotch  shooting  appears  more  as  a  fashion,  deer- 
stalking a  function,  and  grouse  shooting  an  exhibi- 
tion in  which  the  society  man,  and  often  the  society 
woman,  is  expected  to  share." 

He  further  considers  it  probable  that  either  for 
war  or  sport  hand  firearms  are  doomed  in  future 
to  play  but  a  subordinate  part,  being  in  the 
former  case  superseded  by  machine  guns,  whilst 
the  sportsman  is  to  develope  into  a  being  who 
enjoys  closer  harmony  with  nature.  We  cannot 
agree,  though  unquestionably  great  changes  are 
taking  place  ;  the  class  of  well-to-do  people 
who  willingly  paid  from  100L  to  250L  for 
shootings  are  being  rapidly  driven  out  of  the 
field  by  the  competition  of  rich  men,  and  in 
war,  though  its  machinery  is  vastly  improved, 
yet  recent  practice  shows  that  unflinching 
courage  and  self-devotion  place  cold  steel  much 
more^nearly  on  a  level  with  villainous  saltpetre 
than  many  persons  imagine.  Of  omissions  and 
errors  we  have  noticed  few.  LInder  entries 
1335,  p.  118.  and  044,  p.  211,  the  author's  name 
should  be  Pollok,  and  it  may  be  remarked  that 
his  volumes  are  scarcely  of  sufficient  authority  to 
warrant  inclusion  ;  at  entry  040,  p.  210,  "  Bara, 
Bagahab,"  should  be  Bara  Baghal.  No  mention 
seems  to  be  made  of  an  excellent  little  book 
called  'The  Sporting  Rifle  and  its  Projectiles,' 
by  Lieut.  James  Forsyth,  1803  (Smith,  Elder 
&  Co.),  which  was  specially  important  because 
the  great  value  of  a  flat  trajectory  at  sporting 
ranges  was  brought  to  notice,  and  practical 
improvements  in  rifles,  not  yet  wholly  super- 
seded, were  made  and  recorded.  The  index  is 
scarcely  satisfactory  ;  the  title  as  well  as  the 
author's  name  should  be  included.  Two  names 
we  have  chanced  to  look  for— Blome,  whose 
work  is  described  on  p.  38,  and  Fosberry,  the 
inventor,  we  believe,  of  the  type  of  weapon 
sold  under  various  names  (Paradox,  &0.)i  froni 
which  shot  as  well  as  ball  may  be  fired— are 
not  to  be  found.  The  type  and  general  appear- 
ance of  the  volume  are  to  be  commended. 

HISTORICAL    ROMANCES. 

The  Witch-Finder.  By  T.  Pcllatt.  (Smith, 
Elder  &  Co.)— The  recent  revival  of  the  his- 
torical novel  and  the  success  which  has  attended 
a  few  essays  in  that  line  have  had  their  natural 
effect ;  and  young  writers,  not  realising  that  no 
form  of  fiction  requires  so  much  labour  as  that 
which  involves  a  thorough  saturation  with  the 
manners,  speech,  and  general  mode  of  thought 
belonging  to  a  past  age,  dash  with  a  light  heart 
into  a  field  where  for  one  success  there  are 
certain  to  be  a  hundred  failures.  It  is  signi- 
ficant that  in  France-where,  in  Bpiteof  faults 
of  taste,  subject,  invention,  the  "theory  of 
the  novel  is   better  understood   than   elsewhere 

and  where  the  historical  novel  has  perhaps  found 
its  most  brilliant  exponent  modern  writers 
Should    have    fought   so   conspicuously   shy    of 


ISO 


TH  E     A  Til  KN^UM 


N°3615,  Fro.  6,  '97 


taking  up  the  111:11 1 1 K>  of  Dumas.    S, (Jcrmans 

li:t\  i",  it  is   true,  sought  to   import  archaologie.il 

learning  andet  the  garb  <»f  fiction,  and  their 
arohsBology  was  and  is  doubtless  good  ennagb  ; 

but  then  the  fiction  suffers  till  one  hardly 
knows  which  is  the  pill  and  which  the  sugar. 
But  both  French  and  Germans  are  well  aware 

that     a     good    deal     more    ifl    needed    to    make 

an  historical  novel  pass  muster  than  the  occa- 
sional use  of  forms  like  "'twas"  or  "  with- 
drawing-room,"  or  of  the  second  person  singular, 
or  even  than  a  description  of  the  battle  of 
Edgehill.  Thev  would  not  venture  upon  a  story 
dealing  with  the  first  half  of  the  seventeenth 
century  without  ascertaining,  for  instance, 
whether  an  Englishman  of  that  period  could 
conceivably  have  borne  such  a  name  as  "Francis 
Fettyplace  Powia,"  or  an  English  girl  have  been 
"  put  aside  in  a  close  bouse  of  Nuns,  for  to  be 
made  a  woman  of  religion,"  in  the  felicitous 
diction  of  an  imaginary  document  quoted  in  the 
course  of  the  story.  They  would  have  known  that 
the  name  "Puritan, "to  denote  a  particular  way 
of  thinking,  was  in  general  use  long  before  1G38, 
and  that  it  was  not  more  usual  then  than  now 
for  a  prisoner  upon  trial  for  murder  to  be  cross- 
examined  by  the  presiding  judge.  The  general 
character  of  the  incidents  makes  one  suspect  that 
the  inspiration  of  the  book  is  to  be  sought  in 
the  writings  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  H.  Ainsworth. 
What  satisfied  Ainsworth's  generation  will,  how- 
ever, hardly  pass  muster  now  ;  and  so  'far  as  we 
remember  that  master's  works  he  would  hardly 
have  been  guilty  either  of  the  historical  laxities 
indicated  above,  or  of  such  a  sentence  as  :  — 

"He  remembered till  his  dying  day a  quantity 

of  black  scarves  aud  kid-skin  gloves,  which  Nanuy 
the  plump  serving-wench  held  on  a  tray,  and  whose 
round  red  face  belied  the  expression  of  borrowed 
melancholy  that  she  put  upon  it." 

In  geography  —  at  least  that  of  the  district 
round  Banbury  —  Mr.  Pellatt  is  fairly  well 
grounded  ;  but  his  grammar  and  history  would, 
we  fear,  hardly  satisfy  Her  Majesty's  inspector. 

The  disturbed  condition  of  the  Border  at  the 
end  of  Elizabeth's  reign  and  during  the  first 
years  of  the  union  of  the  crowns,  though  it  has 
produced  some  of  our  best  ballads,  as  '  The 
Raid  of  the  Reidswire  '  and  '  Lord  Maxwell's 
Good  Night,'  has  never  been  so  favourite  a 
theme  of  prose  romance  as  its  wealth  of  sug- 
gestion might  readily  have  indicated.  In  The 
Provost-Marshal  (Blackwood  &  Sons)  the  Hon. 
Frederick  Moncreiff  has  shown,  as  one  might 
expect,  sympathy  with  a  picturesque  if  rugged 
chapter  of  Scots  history,  a  considerable  fami- 
liarity with  genealogical  bypaths,  and  a  moderate 
and  facile  use  of  the  native  tongue  as  spoken  by 
the  gentle  classes  of  his  countrymen,  and  here 
rather  indicated,  for  recognition  by  tbose  to  the 
manner  born,  than  emphasized  by  the  eccen- 
tricities of  spelling  which  are  thought  necessary 
to  enforce  the  modern  speech  upon  the  irre- 
sponsive Southron.  Our  doubt  is  whether  the 
same  Southron,  even  the  educated  specimen 
who  yearly  visits  the  Celtic  part  of  Scotland, 
■will  not  require  a  good  many  historical  notes 
before  he  can  appreciate  the  merits  of  this 
study  of  a  corner  of  feudal  society  in  the 
years  1599-1G08.  But  granting  him  to  have  a 
perfect  blank  where  Scotch  history  should  have 
a  niche  in  his  mind,  the  very  well-sustained 
dialogue  through  which  the  incidents  mainly 
unfold  themselves  will,  wo  trust,  secure  his 
attention  to  the  fortunes  of  Robin  Maxwell,  de 
jure  of  Ran  try  ;  his  wicked  uncles,  clerical  and 
lay  ;  and  his  two  cousins,  Katharine  and  Bar- 
bara, the  one  a  hard  woman  of  the  world  in 
which  she  reigns  a  beauty,  the  other  the  milder 
of  mood,  to  whom  one  who  has  outgrown  calf- 
love may  turn  in  confidence  for  permanent  con- 
solation. Nor  can  the  tragedy  of  "  Johnston's  " 
murder  (the  chief,  if  he  could  write,  no  doubt 
used  the  corrector  form  Johustoun)  fail,  we 
think,  to  evoke  some  interest.  The  feud  of 
Johnston  and  Maxwell,  in  which  each  clan  lost 
two  successive  chiefs,  was  one  of  the  most  salient 


and  complete  of  these  wild  dramas.  We  cannot 
think  that  our  author  counts  among  his  gifts 
any  epic  or  dramatic  fire.  Did  he  possess  a 
spark  of  it,  he  would  have  worked  up  the  circum- 
stances of  Maxwell's  ciimc  to  make  it  stand  out 
beyond  any  incident  in  the  hook.  As  it  is,  the 
narration  is  historically  correct,  but  it  lacks 
the  n ■/■!••.'  which  might  have  been  caught  from 
the  ballad : — 

Adieu  !  Dramlanrig,  (rate  writ  aye, 

And  (.'I  (.churn  in  a  hand. 
The  Laird  of  Lag,  from  my  fattier  that  fled 

When  the  Johnston  cut  off  his  band. 

Not  that  our  author  is  neglectful  of  local  colour. 
His  incidental  sketch  of  the  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson 
of  the  time  is  amusing  ;  and  Maxwell  of  Orchard- 
stane  takes  his  proper  place.  Poor  King 
James  VI.  receives  more  posthumous  insults. 
He  is  credited  with  hungering  for  the  forfeiture 
of  Lord  Maxwell  ;  and  the  hard  treatment  of  the 
Graemes  of  the  Debatable  Land  is  attributed  to 
his  personal  instructions  to  Cranstoun.  "Thou 
shalt  want  ere  I  want "  might  have  been, 
according  to  Mr.  Moncreiff,  adopted  as  a  motto 
by  the  Crown. 

Alethea:  at  the  Parting  of  the  Ways.  By 
Cyril.  (Burns  &  Oates. ) — Even  for  an  historical 
romance  '  Alethea  '  is  unusually  dull.  The  story 
is  laid  at  Constantinople  in  the  reigns  of  Michael 
the  Drunkard  and  Basil  the  Macedonian,  in  the 
ninth  century  ;  but  Cyril  has  spoilt  a  subject 
which  in  the  hands  of  a  writer  capable  of  con- 
structing a  plot  might  be  shaped  into  an  interest- 
ing tale.  We  suspect,  however,  that  the  motive 
of  Cyril  in  composing  this  crude  and  silly  book 
was  theological  rather  than  artistic.  He  is 
evidently  a  Catholic — possibly  a  convert  to 
Catholicism  —  writing  with  a  strong  bias  of 
animosity  against  the  Greek  Church.  The 
learned  Patriarch  Photius  appears  in  these  pages 
as  a  thoroughgoing  scoundrel ;  Pope  Nicholas  I. 
is  idealized.  The  concluding  chapter  lets  us  see 
that  Cyril  intends  his  work  as  a  sort  of  answer 
to  the  "holy  words  "  which  the  Greek  Church 
recently  addressed  to  Leo  XIII.  Mistakes 
abound.  We  meet,  for  example,  Anaximanes, 
Taraesius,  Michael  Rangabus,  Gregory  Nazian- 
zum,  Selembria,  and  a  Metropolitan  of  Armori- 
cum.  The  Latin  Notitia  of  Constantinople  is 
printed  at  the  end  of  the  book,  one  cannot 
imagine  why. 


FRENCH  AND  GERMAN  SCHOOL-BOOKS. 

Mr.  Siepmann's  Public  School  German  Primer 
(Macmillan)isan  excellent  book.  The  Reader  is 
rightly  made  the  chief  feature  of  the  work  ;  the 
Grammar  is  intended  to  explain  the  passages 
included  in  the  Reader  ;  and  the  exercises  are 
designed  to  afford  practice  in  the  knowledge 
acquired  in  the  Grammar.  The  system  is  not 
new,  but  it  is  sound,  and  has  been  carefully 
carried  out  ;  at  the  same  time  we  do  not  quite 
understand  why  the  vocabularies  do  not  contain 
all  the  words  to  be  found  in  the  Reader. 
Generally  speaking,  the  book  errs  in  being  too 
elaborate.  Like  most  teachers,  Mr.  Siepmann 
overrates  the  capacity  of  boys.  The  section  on 
pronunciation  should  have  been  omitted,  for 
pronunciation  should  be  learnt  orally  from  the 
teacher,  not  by  getting  up  so  many  pages  of  rules  ; 
and  the  classification  of  the  irregular  verbs  is  too 
complicated.  It  is  hardly  worth  adding  that 
Mr.  Siepmann's  patriotism  leads  him  into  in- 
accurate history.  It  is  probably  unwise  to  make 
an  exercise  out  of  the  events  of  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War,  but  at  any  rate  it  is  not  true  that 
at  Mars  la  Tour  "80,000  Germans  defeated 
11)0,000  French,  and  drove  them  into  Metz." 

Mrs.  J.  G.  Frazer's  Scenes  of  Familiar  Life, 
arranged  progressively  for  Students  of  Colloquial 
Flinch,  in  Macmillan's  "Primary  Series,"  are 
well  adapted  for  their  purpose.  The  dialogues 
are  lively  and  amusing,  and  will  attract  young 
people.  The  weak  point  is  the  vocabulary, 
which  is  incomplete. 

Mr.    Bally's    manual  of    German  Commercial 


Correspondence  (Methnen  A   Co.)  in  carefully 

compiled  and  will  be  found  of  service. 

Mr.  Tarver's  abridgment  of  Viugt  Ann 
(Arnold)  makes  a   good    reading    book,  and  will 
int trest   schoolboys.     The   notes  are  brief,   but 
to  the  point,  as  might  be  expected  from  a  teacher 
of  Mr.  Tarver's  experience. 


rOI.K-TALKS. 


Moot  i  Talis  and  Legends.  By  Kate  M'Cosh 
Clark.  (Nutt.) — If  a  tithe  of  the  zeal  for  story  col- 
lecting which  now  animates  residents  in  Australia, 
New  Zealand,  and  remote  parts  of  the  earth  had 
but  been  shown  fifty  years  ago,  we  should  doubt- 
less have  had  much  more  genuine  and  valuable 
folk- tales.  Not  that  the  reader  will  be  un- 
grateful for  the  goodly  number  which  Mrs.  Clark 
has  gathered  together  ;  many  of  them  are  excel- 
lent, and  nearly  all  contain  fragments  of  folk- 
lore. Even  among  the  Maoris  is  found  the  old 
and  all  but  universal  belief  that  if  the  living 
who  penetrate  to  the  underworld  allow  them- 
selves to  be  persuaded  to  taste  food  there,  no 
return  to  light  or  life  is  possible.  The  Maori 
storehouses  of  provisions  are  "carefully  placed 
north  and  south,  so  that  the  dead  on  their 
way  westward  to  the  spirit  land  should  not 
pass  over  them  and  so  injure  the  food."  Some 
of  the  stories  are  all  folk-lore.  The  best  of  these 
is  '  Rangi  and  Papatua  ;  or,  the  Heavens  and 
the  Earth,'  which  loved  each  other,  "and  were 

ever  so  near  together  and  so  inseparable that 

only  a  dull  twilight  reigned  between  them.  No 
stately  forest  trees  could  grow  or  bright  flowers 
blossom,"  and  the  children  of  Rangi  and  Papatua 
led  a  dull,  discontented  existence,  longing  for  air 
and  light,  until  at  last  Tane",  the  strongest  son, 
kicked  his  father  with  such  strength  that  he  was 
sent  up  to  the  sky  and  had  to  stay  there,  after 
which  the  earth  became  fruitful  and  habitable. 
This  Creation  myth  is  not  new,  but  it  is  really 
striking  and  well  told,  and  would  be  much  better 
if  Mrs.  Clark  had  avoided  fine  writing,  which  is 
quite  out  of  place  in  folk-tales.  A  savage  man's 
attempts  to  account  for  his  own  existence  and 
that  of  the  world  in  which  he  dwells  can  scarcely 
be  related  too  simply. 

Australian  Legendary  Tales.  By  Mrs.  K. 
Langloh  Parker.  (Nutt.)— "But  have  the 
blacks  any  legends  1  "  asked  a  friend  of  Mrs. 
Parker's  when  she  heard  that  that  lady  was 
carefully  taking  down  the  folk-tales  of  the  Noon- 
gahburrahs,  or  Narran  tribe,  in  Australia,  among 
whom  she  and  her  husband  have  dwelt  for 
twenty  years.  We  should  feel  thankful  to  Mrs. 
Parker  if  she  had  done  nothing  but  record  the 
fact  that  the  old  Noongahburrahs  laugh  now 
when  they  remember  the  coming  of  "  Mitchel- 
lan,"  as  they  call  Major  Mitchell,  fifty  years 
ago  ;  and  how  afraid  their  mothers  were  of  the* 
wheel  tracks  he  made,  the  first  they  had  ever 
seen  ;  and  how  the  said  mothers  would  not  let 
the  children  tread  on  these  wheel-tracks,  but 
carefully  lifted  them  over  lest  their  feet  should 
break  out  in  sores,  as  they  were  supposed  to  do 
if  they  trod  on  a  snake's  track.  This  is  a 
valuable  bit  of  folk-lore,  and  Mrs.  Parker  has 
also  gathered  together  an  excellent  collection  of 
folk-tales,  which  have  manifestly  been  taken 
down  just  as  she  heard  them.  There  is  no 
straining  after  knowledge  of  the  unseen  in  them  ; 
almost  all  are  the  stories  of  a  people  who,  to  use 
a  North-Country  expression,  have  had  "to  fend 
for  their  living,"  and  deal,  directly  or  indirectly, 
with  the  difficulties  encountered  by  men  who 
are  contending  with  the  forcesof  nature  or  their 
fellow  men's  strength  and  craft.  Food  and 
water  and  the  preservation  of  their  own  tools 
and  weapons,  or  the  acquisition  of  those  of 
their  neighbours,  are  nearly  always  the  objects 
for  which  they  fight.  Beautiful  wives  are  cared 
for,  but  not  much  more  than  a  fine  fat  emu  with 
a  prospect  of  one  or  two  good  meals  off  it. 
Every  man's  hand  is  against  even  his  brother's. 
Those  who  discover  the  secret  of  obtaining  fire 
jealously  keep  it  to  themselves  as  long  as  pos- 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


181 


sible  ;  those  who  make  rain  do  likewise.  The 
words  of  the  rain  spell  are 

Moogaray,  Moogaray,  May,  May, 
Eehu,  Eehu,  Doongarah. 

These  were  always  chanted.  First  the  rain- 
makers would  begin  very  slowly  and  softly, 
gradually  getting  quicker  and  louder,  until  at 
length  they  almost  shrieked.  The  words  they 
said  meant,  "Come,  hailstones;  come,  wind; 
come,  rain  ;  come,  lightning."  Birds  and  beasts 
also  wage  a  war  of  treachery  against  each  other, 
as  witness  the  story  of  Dinewan  the  emu  and 
Goomblegubbon  the  bustard,  and  many  others 
of  the  like  kind.  The  book  contains  a  short 
glossary,  which  might  with  advantage  be  longer, 
a  very  good  and  interesting  introduction  by  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang,  a  specimen  of  the  tales  in  then- 
native  form,  and  some  fascinating  illustrations 
by  an  untaught  Australian  native. 

Fairy  Tales  from  Finland.  From  the  Swedish 
of  Z.  'Topelius  by  E.  R.  Christie.  (Fisher 
Unwin.)—  Both  as  a  poet  and  a  novelist, 
Zacharias  Topelius  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  modern  Scandinavian  authors. 
In  Finland,  especially,  critics  assign  him  a  place 
not  very  far  below  that  of  Runeburg  himself. 
Abroad,  too,  his  reputation  is  on  the  increase. 
Old-fashioned  folks  in  Germany  regard  him  as 
one  of  the  most  admirably  edifying  of  writers 
for  the  young,  and  in  America  the  whole  cycle 
of  his  celebrated  '  Faltskarns  Berattelser'  has 
been  translated  over  and  over  again.  Topelius 
is  certainly  a  born  teller  of  tales  ;  even  in  that 
difficult  genre  the  historical  romance  he  has 
done  work  of  merit,  though  nobody  would  think 
of  putting  him  on  a  level  with  such  masters 
as  Tolstoi,  Sienkiewicz,  and  Jdkai.  His  tales 
for  children  are  more  disappointing.  They  are 
full  of  tender  feeling,  gentle  gaiety,  and  pretty 
poetical  conceits,  but  it  has  always  seemed  to 
us  that  the  moral  element,  which  pervades  them 
all  more  or  less,  is  somewhat  too  obtrusive.  In 
a  word,  Topelius  is  too  serious  to  be  quite 
successful  with  children.  Compared  with  the 
Andersenian  Marchen,  the  best  the  amiable 
Swede  can  offer  us  is  poor  indeed.  The  present 
selection,  moreover,  is  not  a  good  one,  and  a 
translator  who  could  render  the  phrase  "sin 
mund  var  pa  sned  "  (his  mouth  was  awry)  by 
"  his  mouth  was  on  the  cross  "  should  take  a 
few  more  lessons  in  Swedish  before  trying  her 
prentice  hand  on  a  Swedish  classic. 


ECCLESIASTICAL    HISTORY. 

The  Rev.  F.  C.  Woodhouse,  the  author  of 
MoiKislicism,  Ancient  and  Modern  (Gardner, 
Darton  &  Co.),  is  convinced  that  brother- 
hoods of  a  more  or  less  monastic  character 
should  be  made  part  of  the  organization  of  the 
Church  of  England.  His  exposition  of  his  views 
on  this  question  will  doubtless  find  grateful 
acceptance  among  those  who  share  his  opinions, 
but  the  historical  part  of  the  work  cannot  be 
considered  adequate  even  within  the  limits  the 
author  has  assigned  himself.  These  are  explained 
by  the  sub-title  :  "[Monasticism]  Its  Principles, 
Origin,  Development,  Triumphs,  Decadence, 
and  Suppression  ;  with  an  Enquiry  as  to  the 
Possibility  of  its  Revival."  Good  handbooks 
<>f  the  monastic  orders,  ancient  or  modern,  are 
sorely  needed  ;  but  one  short  volume,  however 
perfectly  arranged  and  skilfully  executed,  can- 
not adequately  be  a  handbook  to  ancient, 
rnedireval,  and  modern  orders,  Eastern  as  well 
Westeni,  and  at  the  same  time  do  for  the 
Church  of  England  the  work  of  a  St.  Benedict, 
a  St.  Francis,  or  a  Loyola.  The  present  work 
aspires  to  achieve  all  these  things  in  some  sort, 
and  to  achieve  them  by  means  of  extracts  culled 
from  sncli  various  works  as  Hare's  '  Biographical 

Sketches,'  Wilson's  'Abode  of  Snow,'  and 
Mr.  Crawford's  'Mr.  Isaacs';  within  the  first, 
twenty  pages  of  t he  book,  which  deal  witli  the 
'Theory  and  Principle  of  Monasticism,"  these 
references  occur  ;  elsewhere.  Gibbon,  Mr.  Lccky, 
and  Dr.  Creighton  rub  shoulders  as  authorities 


with  Mr.  Baring-Gould  and  Mr.  B.  W.  Maturin. 
By  far  the  larger  part  of  the  book  is  in  inverted 
commas,  and  appears  to  be  little  more  than  a 
reprint  of  the  author's  book  of  extracts.  With 
a  vast  subject  and  limited  space  the  utmost  care 
was  required  to  secure  good  arrangement ;  never- 
theless the  extracts  and  the  passages  that  couple 
them  are  thrown  together  in  great  disorder. 
The  little  we  are  to  know  about  St.  Patrick  is 
placed  before  us  four  times,  in  chapters  entitled 
respectively  "Origin  of  Monasticism,"  "Growth 
and  Work  of  Monasticism,"  "Monasticism  in 
Britain,"  and  "  Monasticism  in  Ireland."  Nor 
are  all  the  passages  harmonized  ;  in  one  chapter 
all  St.  Patrick's  knowledge  of  monasticism 
comes  from  Lerins,  in  another  from  Marmoutier. 
Lists  of  names  are  put  together  without  heed 
to  chronology,  geography,  legend,  or  authentic 
history.  Concerning  nunneries,  we  learn,  in 
brief,  that 

"St.  Werburg,  St.  Etheldreda,  St.  Hilda,  St.  Bega 
were  abbesses  in  Britain  in  the  seventh  century. 
St.  Gertrude,  daughter  of  Pepin,  in  France,  and 
St.  Winifred,  a  lady  of  noble  rank  in  Wale?, 
St.    Frideswide,    an    English     princess.    St.    Ebba, 

abbess  of  Coldinghain,  the  Empress  Theodora, 

were  all  remarkable  as  members  of  Religious  Orders, 
in  different  periods  of  Church  history." 

If  St.  Bega  be  Heiu  (and  we  may  well  wonder 
who  she  is),  then  the  first  four  ladies  are  put  in 
inverted  chronological  order  ;  there  is  no  reason 
to  believe  that  Gertrude  was  Pepin's  daughter  ; 
Winifred  and  Frideswide  are  saints  of  legend 
rather  than  of  history.  Surely  the  Empress 
Theodora's  involuntary  retirement  from  the 
world  gives  her  a  strange  claim  to  appear  in  this 
society.  Among  the  offshoots  of  the  Bene- 
dictine Order  are  numbered  "the  Augustine 
Canons  "  and  the  Order  of  Premontre.  Else- 
where, however,  we  learn  that  the  writer  knows 
this  is  a  mistake  ;  but  when,  on  the  next  page, 
we  find  that  the  Augustine  Canons  of  Can- 
terbury sent  their  abbots  to  Parliament  con- 
fusion is  confounded.  The  Carthusians  occur 
in  the  midst  of  a  list  of  the  Friars,  and  the 
same  list  concludes  with  the  Order  of  Grand- 
mont.  A  short  account  of  Benedict  Biscop 
divides  Canute  from  Edward  the  Confessor  ;  and 
amongst  other  minor  errors  we  are  told  that 
Dunstan  went  to  Fluery  (sic),  that  Archbishop 
yElfric  is  identical  with  ^Elfric  the  author,  that 
Crowland  (the  false  Ingulf  still  holds  his  own) 
had  a  library  of  700  books  in  1091,  and  that 
Wolsey  dissolved  Cluniac  monasteries  in  1525. 
The  Brigettines  of  Syon  are  darkly  alluded  to  as 
"  the  Austin  Friars  of  Brentford."  The  author 
provides  a  list  of  sisterhoods  belonging  to  the 
Church  of  England,  and  prints  a  collection  of 
the  opinions  of  Churchmen  on  the  question, 
which  he  has  set  himself  to  answer.  A 
small  part  of  the  book  is  his  own,  is  written 
with  enthusiasm  and  from  the  heart,  and  is 
not  mere  threadbare  compilation.  No  detailed 
scheme  for  the  creation  of  brotherhoods  is 
propounded,  and  this  study  in  monasticism 
serves  rather  to  raise  than  to  solve  the  problems 
which  must  be  faced  before  a  scheme  of  Pro- 
testant monasticism  can  be  developed.  The 
past  and  the  present  are  full  of  warnings,  but 
something  more  than  warning  is  needed  to 
awaken  that  profound  spiritual  longing  which 
alone  can  produce  a  new  and  fruitful  religious 
order. 

A  History  of  Auricular  Confession  and  Indul- 
gences in  the  Latin  Church.  By  Henry  Charles 
Lea,  LL.D. — Vol.  III.  Indulgences.  (Sonnen- 
schein&Co.) — The  earlier  volumes  of  this  work, 
dealing  witli  the  subject  of  confession,  were 
noticed  in  these  columns  some  time  ago.  The 
third  volume,  dealing  with  indulgences,  forms 
a  complete  treatise  by  itself.  What  was  formerly 
said  of  Dr.  Lea's  method  of  procedure  applies 
to  this  volume  also.  The  notes  present  a  forest, 
of  authorities  for  the  statements  of  the  text, 
but  nothing  is  done  to  enable  the  reader  to  weigh 
the  value  of  the  evidence  thus  quoted,  and  the 
book  thus  comes  to   lie  one  which   only  experts 


in  the  subject  can  understand.  The  style,  ex- 
cept that  it  lapses  occasionally  into  the  slipshod, 
is  well  suited  to  the  theme.  The  writer  is 
keenly  interested  in  his  subject,  but  he  does 
not  obtrude  his  own  views  or  feelings  with 
respect  to  it.  A  Protestant  writer  who  feels 
called  to  set  forth  the  system  of  indulgences  of 
the  Latin  Church  certainly  does  well  to  let  the 
facts  speak  for  themselves,  merely  arranging 
them  so  that  their  true  significance  and  inter- 
dependence shall  appear  in  a  clear  light.  To 
say  that  Dr.  Lea  does  this  is  to  pay  him  the 
best  compliment  the  case  admits  of.  The  book 
opens  with  a  chapter  on  general  theories  of  the 
subject ;  here  we  learn  at  what  period  the  system 
arose  and  what  an  indulgence  is  in  point  of  logic. 
An  indulgence  is  a  payment  to  God  out  of  the 
treasure  which  the  Church  has  at  her  disposal 
from  the  excess  of  the  merits  of  the  saints,  and 
is  offered  in  order  to  shorten  the  period  of 
penance  a  man  has  to  suffer  for  his  sins  in  this 
life  or  in  purgatory.  Only  the  Pope  was  con- 
sidered at  first  to  have  power  to  draw  upon  the 
treasure,  and  it  was  the  punishment  and  not  the 
guilt  that  was  supposed  to  be  remitted,  though 
indulgences  a  culpa  afterwards  came  to  be  recog- 
nized. As  we  read  on,  we  meet  with  one  after 
another  of  the  formidable  difficulties  which 
could  not  fail  to  flow  from  the  admission  of  such 
a  principle.  When  various  indulgences  were 
gained  for  different  periods  a  man's  account 
was  apt  to  become  complicated.  Could  the  in- 
dulgence be  gained  again  and  again  as  often  as 
the  simple  forms  were  repeated  which  ensured 
it  ?  Did  an  indulgence  count  when  a  man  had 
committed  a  sin  in  the  expectation  of  obtaining  it  I 
Did  the  intention  of  the  penitent  matter,  or  was 
the  indulgence  effective  ex  opere  operato  ?  With 
regard  to  each  of  these  questions  the  opinions 
of  Catholic  authorities  are  marshalled  on  one 
side  and  the  other,  and  the  practice  of  the 
Church  shown  from  bulls  and  chronicles,  no 
doubt  with  a  good  deal  of  mutation  from  century 
to  century  and  from  land  to  land.  The  main 
principles  of  the  system  being  set  forth,  we  are 
shown  what  use  the  Church  made  of  it.  In  the 
period  before  the  Crusades  it  was  used  sparingly, 
but  then  it  met  with  great  extension,  a  sum 
of  money  being  accepted  in  lieu  of  the  pil- 
grimage to  purchase  the  needed  boon.  The 
granting  of  indulgences  became  an  important 
source  of  revenue  for  the  Holy  See,  and  the 
abuses  of  pilgrimages  to  Rome  and  of  the  sale 
of  pardons  began  to  spring  up  of  which  so  much 
was  heard  at  the  Reformation.  Dr.  Lea  gives  a 
chapter  each  to  indulgenced  objects,  apocryphal 
indulgences,  and  the  stations  of  Rome  ;  and  many 
other  features  of  the  system  are  discussed  which 
our  space  forbids  us  to  mention.  In  speaking  of 
the  present  position  of  the  Church  on  this  matter, 
Dr.  Lea  states  the  view  that  the  immense  mul- 
tiplication of  indulgences  in  modern  times  has 
caused  the  Church  of  Rome  virtually  to  abandon 
her  penitential  system  ;  but  the  conviction  is 
expressed  that  that  Church  has  not  lost  heir 
power  of  adapting  herself  to  those  she  rules, 
and  that  her  influence  is  not  likely  to  decay  in 
the  near  future.  In  such  a  work  as  this  many 
a  curiosity  is  met  with.  The  Protestant  may 
possibly  look  with  envy  at  such  an  instrument  as 
indulgences  for  raising  money  for  Church  pur- 
poses. The  preacher  will  mark  that  indulgences 
have  been  granted  as  an  inducement  to  stay  to 
the  end  of  the  sermon;  the  religious  writer  that 
they  have  been  conceded  as  a  reward  for  reading 
the  book  of  a  local  divine.  When  we  read  of  a 
person  obtaining  indulgence  for  the  period  of 
30,800  years  we  wish  for  a  sight  of  the  other 
side  of  his  pass-book.  Dr.  Lea  travels  little 
beyond  his  immediate  theme  ;  be  might  have 
found  curious  illustrations  of  his  subject  in 
Rabbinical  theology,  where  also  there  is  a 
trafficking  in  the  surplus  merits  of  the  saints, 
and    the  account  of  the  individual    with   heaven 

might  become  extremely  complicated.  We 
believe    this   book    to    be    one    of    permanent 

value. 


182 


Til  E     AT  II  KXyKlIM 


N  3615,  Feb.  G, '97 


In   his   Religimts  Thought   in  England  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century  (Gib brags  &  Co.)  Dr.  John 

Hunt  has  shown  the  same  spirit  of  research  and 

ell'ort  ut  impartiality  which  distinguish  his  work 
on  'Religious  Thought  in  England  From  the 
Reformation  till  the  Close  of  the  Last  Century.' 

He  is  careful  not  to   obtrude   his  own  opinions, 

which  are  apparently  on  the  side  of  the  Broad 

Church  party,  and  his  hook  consists  mainly  of 
brief  analyses  of  the  writings  of  various  divines, 
so  that  it  rather  furnishes  the  materials  for  a 
history  than  is  itself  a  history.  The  abstracts 
of  a  Ions?  series  of  Bampton  Lectures  form 
melancholy  reading.  In  the  early  years  of  the 
century  we  find  forgotten  theologians  maintain- 
ing, in  spite  of  Paley's  warning,  that  the  literal 
truth  of  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis  is  a  funda- 
mental doctrine  of  Christianity  ;  and  down  to 
quite  recently  the  preacher  too  often  defends 
as  vital  views  now  generally  abandoned.  Dr. 
Hunt  devotes  ample  space  to  the  opinions  of  Dr. 
Martineau  and  the  Unitarians,  but  he  is  silent 
in  regard  to  the  orthodox  Nonconformists,  not 
even  noticing  the  tendency  they  have  exhibited 
of  late  years  to  abandon,  or  at  least  minimize  the 
importance  of,  dogma. 

Richard  Cameroii,  in  the  "Famous  Scots" 
series,  by  Prof.  John  Herkless  (Edinburgh, 
Oliphant,  Anderson  &  Ferrier),  is  a  well- 
written  little  life  of  one  who  gave  name  to  a 
moribund  sect  and  to  a  well-known  regiment. 
Except  for  the  last  year  of  his  brief  existence 
(c.  1648-80),  familiar  to  readers  of  Mr.  Crockett's 
'Men  of  the  Moss  Hags,'  hardly  anything  is 
known  about  him.  "The  materials  for  a  bio- 
graphy," says  the  preface,  "were  so  scanty 
that  I  grew  alarmed,  wondering  how  I  was  to 
make  out  my  tale  of  bricks  with  so  little  straw." 
That  Cameron  matriculated  at  St.  Andrews  on 
March  5th,  1G62,  and  graduated  M.A.  on  July 
22nd,  1665,  is  here  for  the  first  time  recorded  ; 
that  "he  left  Falkland  to  become  chaplain  to 
Sir  William.  Scott  of  Harden  in  Selkirkshire  " 
(Roxburghshire)  is,  we  imagine,  a  conjectural 
emendation.  Hitherto  it  has  always  been  a 
"Sir  Walter  Scott,"  who  finds  no  place  in  the 
Harden  pedigree. 


OUR   LIBRARY   TABLE. 
Messrs.    Blackwood   &  Sons    publish    The 
Land  of  the  Dollar,  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Steevens, 
who  went  to  the  United  States  for  the  Daily 
Mail   during   the    Presidential    campaign    and 
election,    and   who    sent    home    letters    which 
attracted  much  attention,  and  are  now  repub- 
lished.     The  author   modestly  says   that   they 
relate   "the  gradual  initiation   of  an   ignorant 
but   unprejudiced   Englishman    into   American 
institutions   and  character."      Mr.   Steevens  is 
an   extremely   able   journalist,    and,    while   his 
letters  show  that  he  went  to  the  United  States 
knowing  little  of  the  country,  he  has  managed 
to  give  a  view  of  it  which  will  be  found  highly 
suggestive  even  by  those  who  know  it  best.  ^His 
concluding  chapter,  which  contains  a  letter  dated 
from  London  after  his  return,  and  called   "The 
American,"  is  enough  in  itself  to  show  the  poli- 
tical student  how  fast  the  world   has  travelled 
since  Tocqueville.     Mr   Steevens  goes  so  far  as 
to  say  that  "while  often  hidebound  by  conven- 
tion, America  is  magnificently  free  from  intoler- 
ance."     The   French    political    philosopher,    it 
will  be  remembered,  while  pointing  out  all  the 
best  side  of  that  "  equality  of  condition  "  which 
for  him  constituted  American  democracy,  fore- 
saw its  worst  side  in  its  future  certain  intoler- 
ance of  all  opinion,  except  the  opinion  of  the 
majority.     Perhaps  the   most   interesting   part 
of  Mr.  Steevens's  book   is  that  which  is  most 
new  :    his  examination  of  the  young  American 
navy,  and   his  opinion   that  the   Republic   will 
certainly  soon  obtain  the  absolute  command  of 
the  sea  against  the  whole  world,  and  that  she  is 
animated  by  sentiments  towards  us  very  different 
from  those  which  we  entertain  towards  her. 


Messes.     Boonn    a     Stouoktob     publish 
Armenia  and  Europe:   "/<   Indictment,  l>y  Dr. 

LepsiuS,  edited  by  Mr.  Rende]  Harris,  and 
Containing  an  account  of  the  Armenian  massacres 
more  detailed  even  than  the  full  account  given 
in  the  Blue-books.  A  note  on  the  more  recenl 
massacre  at  Constantinople  .states  that  the 
attack  on  the  Ottoman  Bank  was  "  by  a  handful 
of  Armenians  from  Russia."  The  "from 
Russia "  may  possibly  bo  correct  as  regards 
some  of  them,  but  undoubtedly  those  among 
the  bomb  throwers  of  whom  we  know  most  were 
Constantinople  porters. 

Messrs.  Charlks  Griffin  &  Co.  publish  an 
admirable  Manual  of  Elementary  Seamanship, 
by  Capt.  Wilson-Barker  of  the  Worcester,  which 
seems  to  us  perfectly  designed  as  an  elementary 
handbook  and  which  excellently  holds  its  place  in 
"Griffin's  Nautical  Series."  No  doubt  much 
of  its  teaching  is  in  the  nature  of  a  counsel  of 
perfection,  and  we  fear  that  in  all  but  the  best 
ships  of  the  best  lines  Part  VI.  ("Miscellane- 
ous :  Notes  on  Points  of  Etiquette  ;  Keeping 
and  Relieving  Watch,  &c")  will  continue  to  be 
disregarded.  Still  it  is  only  by  the  efforts  of 
men  like  Capt.  Wilson  -  Barker  that  young 
officers  of  the  merchant  navy  can  be  trained  up 
to  become  master  mariners  of  the  best  type, 
such  as  that  to  which  the  author  himself  belongs. 
Although  the  book  is  intended  for  those  who  are 
to  become  officers  of  the  merchant  navy,  it  will 
be  found  useful  by  all  yachtsmen. 

"Griffin's  Nautical  Series  "  is  edited  by 
Capt.  Blackmore,  and  he  is  responsible  for  one 
of  the  volumes  included  in  it — The  British  Mer- 
cantile Marine  (Griffin  &  Co.).  This  is  mainly 
an  historical  account  of  the  rise  and  progress  of 
British  shipping,  but  it  is  founded  on  a  series 
of  papers  written  for  and  read  before  the  Ship- 
masters' Society  in  London.  It  brings  up  to 
date  the  '  History  of  Shipping  '  of  that  distin- 
guished shipowner  the  late  W.  S.  Lindsay, 
Cobden's  friend  ;  but  it  is  written  less  from 
the  shipowners'  and  more  from  the  master 
mariners'  point  of  view.  The  volume  bears 
largely  on  the  education  and  training  of  mer- 
chant seamen,  and  upon  present  discussions 
with  regard  to  manning  and  the  employment 
of  aliens  in  our  mercantile  marine. 

M.   Hamilton,  the  author  of  'A  Self-Deny- 
ing   Ordinance'    and    'Across  an  Ulster   Bog,' 
has   not    belied   their    promise   in    McLeod   of 
the  Camerons  (Heinemann).      The  character  of 
McLeod,    throwing   himself    energetically    into 
the  many  interests  and  duties  of  a  soldier  who 
makes  the  most  of  his  profession,  but  dogged  by 
the  fear  that   insanity,    which    has   once    over- 
shadowed his  life,  must  again   involve  him,  is 
a  painful,  but  not   ignoble   study.      Christina, 
who  becomes  the  friend  of  this   reserved   and 
conscientious    man,  and,    unwittingly   to    both, 
thaws  the  coldness  which  he  makes  his  defence 
against  a   passion    he    dares  not  acknowledge, 
is    a    character    of    more  complexity.     In   her 
girlhood  (she  is  the  daughter  of  an  aristocratic 
house)  she  makes  a  clandestine  marriage  with 
a  naval  engineer,  and  after  three  years'  separa- 
tion joins  her  husband  at  Malta   for  the  first 
time  at  the  commencement  of  the  story.    George 
Stoddart  is  an  entirely  commonplace  specimen 
of  the  Manchester  trading  class,  with  a  certain 
sailor-like  swagger  superinduced,  a  naive  aspi- 
ration to  rise  in  society  through  the  reflected 
merit  of  his  wife,  and  an  utter  incapacity  to 
perceive  any   personal    inferiority  on    his    own 
part,  or  to  suspect  the  wrong    he   has  done  to 
a  cultured  and  high-spirited  girl  by  taking  ad- 
vantage of  her  inexperience.     The  shock  which 
paralyzes  Christina's  best  intentions  when  she 
realizes   the    manner  of   man   to   whom    she  is 
bound  for  life  is  not  lessened  by  her  daily  ex- 
perience of  the  petty  slights  and  social  obstaeles 
to  which  life  in  a  garrison  exposes  her.     Her 
literary  tastes,  which  at  first  she  represses  at  her 
husband's  instance,  lead  her  to  make  a  confidant 
of  McLeod,  who  is  in  that,  as  in  most  respects, 


a  kindred  spirit.    There  is  considerable  vivacity  iii 
the  description  of   life  on  board  ship  and  am 
the   Cameron   Highlanders  and  their  numerous 
acquaintances   at    Malta,  and   many  of  the  u. 
and  Admen  of  the  official  world  may  have  been 
drawn   from    the   life.       But   the    climax,    ui 
Christina's  loyalty  is    so    highly  tried,   and  the 
catastrophe,    when    the   man  she   has    begun 
love    attempts    her    life   and    his   own,    are    the 
most    stining    parts   of  the   story.      Christina's 
self-reproach  when  she  thinks  that  she  has  b 
an  accomplice  in   his  suicide,  and  the  revulsion 
of   feeling   when    she    finds    that    her  hero  has 
realized   and  rejected    the  baseness  of   making 
her  contribute  to  the  fate  he  chooses  for  himself, 
are  powerfully  described.      A    narrow   path   is 
that  of  duty,    to   which  the   disillusioned  wife 
returns,  but  it  grows  endurable  and  not  entirely 
uncheerful,  which  is  the  highest  level  of  happi- 
ness attained  in  many  lives. 

Miss  Georgiana  Stisted  is  quite  right  in 
thinking  that  there  is  room  for  a  popular 
biography  of  Richard  Burton.  The  achieve- 
ments of  a  man  of  his  great  endowments  de- 
serve to  be  known  to  the  general  public  ;  but 
unfortunately  The  True  Life  of  Capt.  Sir  Juchard 
Burton  (Nichols)  shows  her  to  be  hardly 
possessed  of  literary  skill  sufficient  for  the  task, 
and  her  attack  on  Lady  Burton  is  scarcely 
judicious.  It  is  quite  true  that  Burton  had  no 
sympathy  with  his  wife's  religion,  and  that  her 
excessive  attachment  to  it  led  her  into  some- 
what absurd  demonstrations  after  his  death  ; 
but  it  is  difficult  to  see  the  necessity  of  dwelling 
on  the  matter. 

Enrico  Corradini  belongs  to  the  new  Italian 
school  of  which  Gabriello  d'Annunzio  is  the 
leader,  whose  motto  is  "  Multa  renascentur," 
and  who  desire  to  bring  about  that  Latin  neo- 
Renaissance  aspired  after  by  De  Vogue".  If  this 
school  have  no  other  merits,  they  have  certainly 
this  (and  it  is  no  trifling  one),  that  they  aim  at 
expelling  the  disfiguring  Gallicisms  that  have  of 
late  crept  into  Italian  prose,  thanks  to  careless 
and  uncultured  newspaper  writers  and  popular 
novelists.  Of  D'Annunzio's  followers,  Enrico 
Corradini  is  one  of  the  most  eminent,  and  the 
diction  of  his  Santomaura  (Florence,  Paggi) 
cannot  be  too  highly  praised.  He  has  revived 
many  beautiful  old  trecentisti  words  and  forms, 
and  has  revised  his  style  with  artistic  care.  The 
matter  is,  perhaps,  a  little  too  uniformly  sombre 
in  colour,  but  none  the  less  interesting  on  that 
account.  It  is  a  story  of  psychological  heredity 
and  analysis,  dealing  with  a  would-be  philan- 
thropist who  falsely  interprets  his  mission,  thus 
working  not  only  his  own  ruin,  but  that  of  all 
his  family — a  melancholy  tale,  devoid  of  one 
gleam  of  sunlight  or  one  feature  to  redeem 
its  gloom,  but  throughout  ably  told  and  well 
sustained. 

Volumes  V.  and  VI.  of  the  superb  edition 
of  Mr.  Meredith's  novels  which  Messrs.  Con- 
stable &  Co.  are  publishing  contains  Sandra 
Belloni,  or,  to  call  it  by  the  name  under  which 
it  first  appeared,  'Emilia  in  England,'  which, 
when  published  in  1864,  we  pronounced  "a 
charming  story"  which  "we  recommend  our 
readers  to  get  for  themselves."  We  have  seen 
no  reason  to  change  our  opinion. — The  perennial 
popularity  of  Westward  Ho!  is  shown  by  the 
appearance  of  yet  another  edition  in  Messrs. 
Macmillan's  "Illustrated  Standard  Novels." 
The  illustrations,  which  are  by  Mr.  Brock,  are 
fair  ;  but  he  has  done  better  work.  —  The 
handsome  reprint  in  quarto  of  Mrs.  Linna>us 
Banks's  Manchester  Man  (Manchester,  Hey- 
wood)  is  freely  and  appropriately  illustrated  by 
Mr.  C.  Green  and  Mr.  H.  Fitton.  An  interest- 
ing final  appendix  has  been  added  by  Mrs. 
Banks.  It  contains  additional  historical  and 
topographical  details. 

We  have  received  The  Advertisers  A  B  C: 
T.  B.  Browne's  Advertisement  Press  Directory, 
a  bulky  volume  ( T.  B.  Browne) ;  The  Victoria 
University     Calendar    for     1897    (Manchester, 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


183 


Cornish) ;  and  The  University  College  of  North 
Wales  Calendar  (same  publisher). 

We  have  on  our  table  Life  of  Her  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria,  by  G.  Barnett  Smith  (Rout- 
ledge),— To  Kumassi  with  Scott,  by  G.  C.  Mus- 
grave  (Wightman  &  Co.),—  Indian  Sketches  and 
Bambles,  by  J.  B.  Daly  (Calcutta,  Patrick  Press), 
—Elements  of  Geometry,  by  A.  W.  Phillips  and 
I.  Fisher  (New  York,  Harper),— The  War  of 
the  Standards,  by  A.  W.  Tourge'e  (Putnam),— 
German  Social  Democracy,  by  B.  Russell  (Long- 
mans), —  Radicalism  and  its  Stupidities,  by 
H.  S.  Constable  ('  The  Liberty  Review  '  Pub- 
lishing Co.),—  Hamlet,  Questions  and  Notes,  by 
S.  Wood  (Hey wood),— Selections  from  Steele's 
Contributions  to  the  Tatler,  byL.  E.  Steele  (Mac- 
millan),— The  London  University  Guide,  1896-7 
(Clive),— The  Saxon  and  the  Celt,  by  J.  M. 
Robertson  (University  Press,  Limited),— 
Mothers  in  Council,  edited  by  C.  M.  Yonge, 
Vol.  VI.  (Wells  Gardner),— Friendly  Leaves, 
1896,  edited  by  H.  I.  Harden  (Wells  Gardner), 
—Black  Gull  Bock,  by  M.  Gerard  (Nelson),— 
Scotland  for  Ever,  by  Lieut. -Col.  Percy  Groves 
(Routledge),— The  Budeness  of  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Leatherhead,  by  G.  Seymour  (Dent),— Inmates 
of  the  Mansion,  by  G.  Ashton  (Digby  &  Long), 
—Jock  o'  th'  Beach,  by  M.  Gerard  (Nelson),— 
Life's  Quest,  by  W.  Tarberville  (Kegan  Paul),— 
In  the  House  of  the  Filgrimage,  by  H.  C.  G. 
Moule,  D.D.  (Seeley),  —  New  Starts  in  Life, 
Sermons,  by  Rev.  P.  Brooks  (Macmillan),— The 
Gospel  according  to  St.  Luke,  with  Introduction 
and  Notes  by  G.  Carter  (Relfe  Brothers), — 
Novi  Testamenti  Gra?ci  Supplementum,  by  E. 
Nestle  (Williams  &  Norgate),  — and  Amitie 
Amoureuse,  Preface  Fragmentee  de  Stendhal 
(Paris,  LeVy).  Among  New  Editions  we  have 
The  Mysteries  of  Magic,  by  A.  E.  Waite 
(Kegan  Paul),— and  Prickly  Pear  Blossoms,  by 
W.  H.  C.  Nation  (Roxburghe  Press). 


LIST  OP  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Abbott's  (B.  A.)  The  Spirit  on  the  Waters,  the  Evolution  of 

the  Divine  from  the  Human,  8vo.  12/6  net. 
Carmicbael's  (Rev.  F.  F.)  The  Responsibilities  of  God,  and 

other  Short  Sermons,  cr.  8vo.  3/  cl. 
Cottam's  (Kev.  S.  E.)  A  Lantern  for  Lent,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Daubeney's  (Kev.  G.)  Comfort  and  Counsel  for  the  Sick, 

12mo.  2/6  net. 
Ecclcsiasticus,  Original  Hebrew  of  a  Portion  of,  with  English 

Translation,  edited  by  A.  E.  Cowley,  4to.  10/6  net. 
Gwynn's  (J.)  The  Apocalypse  of  St.  John  in  a  Syriac  Version, 

with  Critical  Notes,  Ac.,  4to.  30/  cl. 
Webb's  (Kt.  Kev.  A.  B.)  The  Unveiling  of  the  Eternal  Word, 

cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Whitley's    (W.    T.)  The    Witness    of    History   to    Baptist 

Principles,  royal  16mo.  2/  cl. 
Law. 
Mews's  (J.)  Annual  Digest  of  all  the  Reported  Decisions  of 

the  Superior  Courts,  1896,  8vo.  15/  cl. 
Fine  Art. 
Halford's  (F.  M  )  Dry-Fly  Entomology,  Edition  de  Luxe, 

2  vols.  105/  morocco. 
Tijou's  (J.)  New  Book  of  Drawings,  a  Facsimile  by  J.  S. 

Gardner,  folio,  25/  net. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Hurns's  (R.)  Poetical  Works,  8vo.  3/6  buckram.    (The  Apollo 

Poets  ) 
Henley  (W.   E  )  and  Stevenson's  (R.  L.)  Plays  :   Vol.   2, 

Bean  Austin,  cr.  Hvo.  2/6  cl. 
Koslyn's  The  Huia's  Homeland,  and  other  Verses,  cr.  8vo.  5/ 

Bibliography . 

Scott's  (T.)  Book  Sales  of  the  Year  1896,  royal  8vo.  15/  net. 
History  and  Biography . 

Atteridge's  (A.  H.)  Towards  Khartoum,  the  Story  of  the 
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Davies's  (T.)  Discipline  and  Service,  or  Memorials  of  Arthur 
II.  Davies,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 

Duff's   (Kight,   Hon    Sir   M.    Grant)   Notes  from   a   Diary, 
1  ^ r.  1  -  7 ^ .  2  vols.  cr.  8vo   18/ cl 

Gibbon  Commemoration,  1794-1894,  Proceedings  of,  2/6  net. 

Gregor's  (N.  T.)  History  of  Armenia  from  the  Earliest  Agea 
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Surtees's  (Major  C.)  Campaigns  in  Italy,  1706,  8vo.  3/  net. 

Tipper's  (H.)  England's  Attainment  of  Commercial  Supre- 
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Geography  and  Travel. 
Russell's  (R.  H.)  The  Edge  of  the  Orient,  cr.  8vo.  8/6  cl. 

Philology. 
Cornet's  (J.)  Manual  of  Russian-English  Conversations,  4/6 
Hard >  a   (T.  II  )    Kej    to   Dr    Cow's   Method  ol   English  for 

ndary  Schools.  12mo.  .'.   net. 
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tginl .  Part  6,  tto.  21/  bds. 
Mnran's  (Kev.  J.  A.)  Aids  to  French  Prose,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 
Postdate's  (J.  P.)  Silva  Mauiliana,  Hvo.  3/ net. 


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Chrishausen's   (Dr.   C.)   Elements  of    Theoretical   Physics, 

translated  by  W.  F.  Magie,  8vo.  12/6  net. 
Parker's  (J.)  Supplementary  Volume  to  Thermo-Dynamics, 

cr.  8vo.  6/  cl.  '      , 

Tayler's  (A.J.  W.)  Modern  Cycles,  a  Practical  Handbook, 

cr.  8vo.  10/6  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Barrett's  (F.)  A  Missing  Witness,  from   the  Narrative  of 

Dorothy  Heatherly,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Bates's  (L.)  Kindergarten  Guide,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Bjornson's  Novels  :  Magnhild  and  Dust,  cr.  8vo.  3/  net. 
Brown's  (J.    E.   A.)  The   Four    First    Things,    and   other 

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'  Guardian,'  &c,  1846-1890,  2  vols.  10/  (Eversley  Edition.) 
Clarke  (Lieut -Col.  Sir  G.  S.)  and  Thursfield's   (J.  R.)The 

Navy  and  the  Nation,  8vo.  14/ cl. 
Dawson's  (A.  J.)  Mere  Sentiment,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net.     (Key- 
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Dor>son's  (A.)  Eighteenth  Century  Essays,  cheaper  edition, 

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Fyne's  (N.)  The  Land  of  the  Living  Dead,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Herford's  (C.  H.)  The  Age  of  Wordsworth,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Hume's  (F.)  Against  the  Odds,  a  Story  of   Some  who  went 

Wrong,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Hope's  (Anthony)  Phroso,  a  Romance,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Irving's  (W.)  Tales  of  a  Traveller,  with   Introduction   by 

Prof.  B.  Matthews,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
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FOREIGN. 
Theology. 
Brom  (G.) :  Bullarium  Trajectense,  2  vols.  5m.  70. 
Buschbell  (G.) :  Die  Professiones  Fidei  der  Papste.  2m. 
Holl  (K.) :  Die  Sacra  Parallela  des  Johannes  Damascenus, 
12m. 

Law. 
Borchardt  (O.)  •  Die   Handelsgesetze  des   Erdballs  :  Part  3, 

Vol.  3,  Das  japanische  Handelsgesetzbuch,  2m.  50. 
Riviere  (M.    L.) :    Protection    Internationale    des    ffiuvres 
Littferaires  et  Artistiques,  6fr. 

Fine  Art  and  Archceology. 
Daun  (B.)  :  Adam  Krafft  u.  die  Kiinstler  seiner  Zeit,  7m. 
Heberdey  (R.)  u.  Wilhelm  (A.) :  Reisen  in  Kilikien,  13m.  70. 

Drama. 
Mikhael  (E.)  et  Mendes  (C.) :  Briseis.  20fr. 
Pailleron  (E.) :  Pieces  et  Morceaux,  3fr.  50. 

Music. 
La  Mara  :  Lettres  de  Franz  Liszt  a  une  Amie,  5fr. 
Servieres  (G.) :  Richard  Wagner  juge  en  France,  3fr.  50. 

History  and  Biography. 
Monumenta     Germania;     Historica  :      Passiones     Vitseque 

Sanctorum  Mv\  Merovingici  et  Antiquiorum  Aliquot, 

ed.  B.  Krusch,  22m. 
Picot  (M.  G.)  :  Jules  Simon,  Ofr.  60. 
Kocquain  (F.):  La  Cour  de  Rome  et  l'Esprit  de  Reforme 

avant  Luther,  Vol.  3,  12fr. 
Weise  (O  ) :  Reinhold  Rost,  Bein  Leben  u.  sein  Streben,  2m. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Bellessort  (A.):    La    Jeuue    Amerique :    Chili  et  Bolivie, 

3fr.  50. 
Fouroet  (D.  du) :  Journal  d'un  Commandant  de  la  Comete, 

Chine,  Siam,  Japon.  4fr. 
Johan-Gavre  :  Sous  le  Ciel  de  Naples,  3fr. 
Leliwa  (Comte) :  Russie  et  Pologne,  3fr.  50. 
Peytral  (L.):  Silhouettes  Tonkinoises,  3fr.  50. 
Roussel  (C):    Souvenirs  d'un  Ancien  Magistrat  d'Algerie, 

3fr. 
Thoroddsen  (T.):  Geschichte  der  isliindischen  Geographie : 

Part  1,  Bis  zum  Schlusse  des  16  Jahrh,,  8m. 

Philology. 
Buecheler  (F.)  u.  Riese  (A.) :  Anthologia  Latina  :  Part  2, 

Carmina  Latina  Epigraphica,  5m.  20. 
Foerster  (R.) :  J.  J.  Reiske'B  Briefe,  30m. 
Heinze  (R.) :  Lucretius  de  Rerum  Natura,  Buch  3,  4m. 
Holder  (A.)  :  Alt-celtischer  Sprachschatz,  Part  9,  8m. 
Lavertujon  (A.):    La  Chronique  de  Sulpice  Severe,  Vol.  1, 

lOfr. 
Malter    (H.)  :     Abu    Hamid    al-Gazzali,    die    Abhandlung, 

2  parts,  4m. 
Plini    Secundi  Naturalis  Historic    Librl,  ed.  C.   Mayhoff  : 

Vol.  4,  Books  23-30,  6m. 
Plutarchi  OhtBronensis  Moralia,  recogn.  G.  N.  Bernardakis  : 

Vol  7,  Fragment*,  4m. 

Science. 
Cossmann  (M.) :  Essais  de  Paleoconchologie  Comparee,  Vol.  2, 

17fr.  50. 
Dupuy  (  P.) :  La  Traction  Elect rique,  12fr. 
Tainturier  (C.)  :  La  Traction  Electrique,  6fr. 

General  Literature. 
Bordeaux  (H.) .-  La  Vie  et  l'Art,  Sentiments  et  Idees  de  ce 

Temps,  8fr.  B0, 
Bovct  (M.  A.  de) :  Partiedu  Pied  Gauche,  3fr.  50. 
Danville  (G.) :  Vers  la  Mort,  3fr.  50. 

Dombre  (it.)  ;  Un  Oncle  ft  tout  Fatre,  2fr. 
Perbeyre  iL.)i  J'alme  ma  Femme,  .'ifr.  50. 
Ifabalin  (P.)i  Lc-s  Baplona  de  Paris,  8fr.  50. 

Martin-Videau  (E.) :    Lis    Deux   Amours  de  Jean   Scgiiin, 

3f  r    .  1 1 
Paris  (G.)  :  Discours  do  Reception  ft  rAcadcmie,  lfr. 
l'cyi du  une  ((i.  de) :  Lee  Fiancees,  3fr.  50. 
Polzat  (A.) :  Avila  des  Saints,  3fr.  50. 


Rainaldy  (H.)  :  La  Pature,  3fr.  50. 

Scheffer  (R.) :  Le  Prince  Narcisse,  3fr.  50. 

Robida  (A.) :  Le  Mystere  de  la  Rue  Carfime-Prenant,  3fr.  50. 

Vandfirem  (F.)  :  Les  Deux  Rives,  3fr.  50. 


JOHN  LAMB'S   'POETICAL  PIECES.' 

Clifton,  Bristol,  Feb.  1,  1897. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  may  be  interested  to 
learn  that  the  copy  of  the  above  modest  pam- 
phlet, about  which  he  writes  in  your  last  number, 
was  given  by  me  a  few  years  since  to  my 
lamented  friend  James  Dykes  Campbell.  It  is 
one  of  two  copies  which  came  into  my  hands  on 
the  death  of  the  late  Mrs.  Arthur  Tween,  of 
Widford  in  Hertfordshire. 

Mrs.  Tween  lent  me  a  copy  many  years  ago, 
when  I  was  editing  the  'Essays  of  Elia,'  and 
I  then  described  the  little  volume  in  my  notes, 
and  quoted  a  few  lines  from  '  The  Lady's  Foot- 
man.' Mrs.  Tween  was  unwilling  to  part  with 
either  copy  in  her  lifetime  ;  but  after  her 
death  her  executors  kindly  allowed  me  to  pur- 
chase them,  together  with  some  other  very 
interesting  relics  of  the  Lamb  family.  I  have 
never  met  with  a  copy  elsewhere.  As  Mr. 
Dobell  points  out,  one  was  evidently  in  the 
hands  of  Talfourd  when  he  wrote  the  first 
volume  of  his  'Memorials.' 

The  story  of  my  acquaintance  with  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Tween  of  Widford  I  hope  to  tell  before  long, 
by  printing  (with  other  papers)  a  lecture  which 
I  have  more  than  once  given  on  '  Charles  Lamb 
in  Hertfordshire.'  I  hope  to  include  in  the 
volume  the  few  noticeable  verses  of  John  Lamb 
the  elder  ;  for  some  among  them,  it  must  be 
confessed,  are  sad  doggerel.  A  touching  interest 
attaches  to  one  poem,  'The  Sparrow's  Wedding,' 
which,  Talfourd  tells  us,  the  writer,  when  old 
and  in  his  second  childhood,  used  to  delight  to 
hear  read  to  him  by  his  son  Charles. 

Alfred  Ainger. 


PROF.  MASPEROS  '  STRUGGLE   OF  THE    NATIONS. 

Verax  retires  from  the  field  without  retract- 
ing any  of  his  imputations. 

The  charge  made  against  the  S.P.C.K.  and 
the  translator  of  "surreptitiously  tampering" 
with  Prof.  Maspero's  text  still,  therefore,  holds 
good  in  his  eyes,  although  he  now  knows  that 
Prof.  Maspero  and  the  translator  were  in  per- 
fect agreement  throughout  upon  the  matter. 
His  charge  of  "bad  faith  "  against  the  Society 
is  still  maintained,  although  it  is  now  proved  to 
be  perfectly  baseless. 

There  is  a  further  charge  made  by  Verax 
which  ought  to  be  of  interest  to  all  authors  who 
are  fortunate,  or  unfortunate,  enough  to  have 
any  of  their  works  translated  into  another  lan- 
guage. Such  authors,  in  the  eyes  of  Verax,  are 
not  to  be  allowed  to  make  any  arrangement 
with  the  translators  as  to  the  rendering  of 
statements  which,  being  at  best  purely  pro- 
blematical, it  might  be  more  scientific  to  take 
out  of  a  dogmatic  form. 

Though  Prof.  Maspero  is  not  aware  that  he 
has  been  subjected  to  a  process  in  which  he 
has  been  metamorphosed  from  a  "  higher  critic" 
into  "an  orthodox  traditionalist,"  Verax  has 
superior  insight  into  such  matters,  and  from  a 
"  public  point  of  view  "  feels  it  necessary  to 
convince  Prof.  Maspero  against  his  will. 

If  any  one  cares  to  investigate  the  basis  of 
this  latter  charge  he  will  have  but  a  light  task  ; 
he  has  only  to  examine  again  the  parallel  pas- 
sages cited  by  Verax  in  the  Athenceum  of 
January  2nd  last,  which  resolve  themselves,  as 
Verax  there  contended,  into  the  substitution  of 
"narrative"  for  "  tradition,"  and  of  a  phrase 
like  "some  critics  imagine  "  for  a  slightly  less 
qualified  statement  of  the  views  held  by  a 
certain  school.  EDMUND  McClure. 


A  TRACT  ATTKIBUTKD   TO   MILTON. 

33,  Norham  Road,  Oxford. 

In  Prof.  Masson's  '  Life  of  Milton,'  vol.  iv. 
pp.  520  52:?,  he  discusses  and  gives  some  ex- 
tracts  from  a  pamphlet  on  Cromwell's  dtssolu- 


I  si 


T  II  i:     A  T  II  E  N  .K  I'  M 


N  3615, 


Feb.  6,  '97 


tion  of  the   I, nil.;   Parliament,  which   he 

•ii  fur  assigning  to  Milton.  It  is  entitled 
'A  Letter  to  a  Gentleman  in  the  Country,  touch- 
ing tin1  Dissolution  of  the  late  Parliament  and 
the  Rnannns  thereof.1  The  title-page  bears  a 
motto  from  Beneoe  :  — 

Qtimil  >i'ii)  jutli  i>oit  (ih'tiiiii  loco? 
i,1  m  non  imi«  j.u'i-ni . 
"The  letter  lUelf  is  dated  'London.  Mar 8, 1668.' 
and  signed  merely  '  N  I..  I.';  bnl  in  the  Thomason 
oopj  of  the  tract  in  the  British  Museum,  where 
■  llav  ti '  is  insoribed  aa  the  date  of  publication,  1 1 1 » - 
words  '  By  Mr.  John  Milton  '  are  also  written  on  the 
title-page 

Prof.  Ifaaaon,  justly  observing  that  Thompson's 
note  is  hardly  sutlicient  evidence  of  authorship, 
discusses  the  contents  of  the  tract,  and  points 
out  certain  passages  which  might  have  been 
written  by  Milton,  and  in  particular  what 
appears  to  be  an  allusion  to  the  poet's  blind- 
ness. 

The  real  author  of  this  pamphlet  was  John 
Hall,  of  Durham,  poet  and  pamphleteer,  1027- 
1050.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
pamphlets  in  defence  of  the  Commonwealth. 
On  May  14th,  1649,  the  Council  of  State  voted 
that  Mr.  Hall  should  be  employed  at  1001.  a  year, 
with  assurance  of  further  care,  for  answering 
pamphlets  against  the  Commonwealth.  His 
authorship  of  this  particular  tract  is  proved  by 
the  following  passages  : — 

"The  Generall,  after  the  Parliament  was  dissolved, 
imployed  one  Hall  (an  atheisticall  lawyer  of  Grays 
Inne)  to  write  something  in  vindication  of  it,  for 
the  world's  satisfaction,  which  he  hath  done  but 
slovenly  (which  he  imputes  to  his  present  infirmitys) 
by  way  of  letter  to  an  absent  frieud  ;  1  suppose  you 
may  see  it  in  print;  On  Tuesday  he  waited  on  his 
Excellency  for  his  reward,  the  fellow  being  wholy 
mercenary ;  I  know  not  how  he  spedd." — News- 
letter, May  27th,  1653,  Clarendon  MSS. 

In  the  life  of  Hall  which  his  friend  John 
Davies,  of  Kidwelly,  prefixed  to  Hall's  post- 
humously published  translation  of  Hierocles 
upon  the  '  Golden  Verses '  of  Pythagoras  in 
1657,  the  motto  on  the  title-page  is  explained  : 

"The  long  Parliament,  so  called,  was  dissolved 
the  twentieth  of  April.  Ki53.  The  suddennesse  of 
eo  great  a  revolution  in  the  publike  affairs,  was  the 
subject  of  all,  both  minds  and  mouths.  This  gave 
Mr.  Hall  occasion  to  write  that  little  piece,  called, 
'A  Letter  from  a  Gentleman  in  the  Countrey  con- 
cerning,' etc.,  tending  to  settle  the  humours  of  the 
people  in  that  great  emergencie.  There  was  a 
motto  before  this  book  very  conceited  which  gave 
some  occasion  to  wrest  it  to  the  injury  of  the 
a<uthour,  as  if  he  were  not  sufficiently  satisfied  as  to 
the  immortality  of  the  soul.  It  was,  out  of  Seneca, 
this 

Quirrisquo  jaceas  post  obitum  loco? 
Quo  non  nata  jacent. 

But  Mr.  Hall  directed  it  to  the  present  occasion, 
intending  to  speak  thus  much  by  way  of  answer  to 
any  one  should  ask,  What  was  become  of  that  great 
Senate,  that  had  a  few  dayes  before,  the  reins  of 
three  potent  nations  in  their  hands,  and  6uch  an 
army  and  navy  at  their  disposall,  as  never  any 
authority  had  in  England  :  That  it  was  after  its 
sudden  dissolution  so  lost,  as  to  esteem  and  venera- 
tion, that  it  might  be  numbered  among  the  things 
that  were  not." — P.  11. 

The  signature  "  N.  L.  L."  is,  it  is  evident, 
simply  equivalent  to  Joh[n]  Ha[ll],  He  em- 
ploys it  also  in  one  of  his  earlier  pamphlets, 
'A  True  Account  and  Character  of  the  Times, 
historically  and  politically  drawn  by  a  Gentle- 
man to  give  Satisfaction  to  a  Friend  in  the 
Country.'  This  is  not  dated,  but  was  evidently 
written  in  1647.  Neither  of  the  tracts  is  as- 
signed to  Hall  in  the  British  Museum  Cata- 
logue. C.  H.  FlKTU. 


THE   'TESTAMENT  OF  LOVE." 

Clarendon  Press,  Oxford. 
The  author  of  the  pseudo-Chaucerian  '  Testa- 
ment of  Love  '  was  certainly  not  a  lucid  writer  ; 
but  I  hope  in  this  letter  to  prove  (so  far  as  I 
know,  for  the  first  time)  that  the  bewildering 
obscurity  of  bis  third  book  is  for  the  most  part 
not  his  own  fault,  but  is  due  to  extensive  dis- 
locations of  the  text,  produced  by  a  disarrange- 
ment of  the  leaves  in  a  MS.  The  facts  on 
which  I  base  this  conclusion  are  the  following. 


•  M\  references  are  to  pnge,  column,  and  line  "f 
Ohalmei  i'i  edition.) 

1.  The  sentence  beginning  603  ■   I  as 
follows  :  — 

•■  riion    ihalta   (quod   she)  rnderetand    that    In 

Beanen  li  < ; c»< l< t.-s    being in   whioh   Heeuen    is 

euerlaeting  presence,  witnonten  snj  mouable  tyme 
there,  foole  bene  I  not  taied  toft  u  tyme 

hnrletb,  right  so  sy  en  wards,  tyme  bealetb  and 
rewardetb," 

and  so  on,  without  any  reference  to  the  subject 
with  which  the  sentence  begins. 

It  is  clear  that  the  words  after  "  any  mouable 
tyme  there  "  are  out  of  place.  The  proper  con- 
tinuation will  be  found  at  50'J  a.  6,  ostensibly 
in  the  middle  of  a  sentence  : — 
"  that  is  nothing  preterit  or  passed,  there  is  nothing 
future  tie  comming,  hut  al  thingea  togider  in  that 
place  been  present  euerlasting  without  any  meuing," 
&0. 

These  words  make  no  sense  where  they  are 
placed,  the  preceding  words  being,  "  al  though 
frute  faileth  one  yere  or  two,  yet  shall  soche 
a  season  come  some  time  or  other,  that  shall 
bringe  out  frute." 

2.  The  following  sentence  occurs  at  506  b.  53  : 

"Now  trewely  lady  1  haue  mv  grouud  wel  vnder- 
stond,  but  what  thinge  is  thilke  spire  that  into  a 
tree  shonlde  wexe  :  expowne  me  that  thing,  that  ye 
tberof  meane." 

The  lady's  mention  of  the  "  spire  "  ought  surely 
to  come  before  this  question,  but  we  find  it 
printed  four  pages  later,  at  510  b.  65  :  — 

"  Out  of  this  ground  rnoste  come  the  spire,  that 
by  processe  of  tyme  shall  in  greatnesse  sprede,  to 
haue  branches  aud  hlossomes,"  &c. 

3.  At  511b.  "  the  lady  '(i.e.,  Love)  gives  a 
long  exposition  of  the  difference  between  "in- 
strument of  will  "  (i.  e.,  will  as  a  faculty)  and 
"  affection  of  will  "  (t.  e.,  volition).  This  breaks 
off  abruptly  in  the  middle  of  a  sentence,  which 
is  completed  by  words  plainly  belonging  to 
some  other  context,  thus  :  — 

"  This  instrument  maie  been  had,  although  affect 
[read  effect]  and  vsage  be  left  out  of  doynge,  as  ye 
haue  sight  and  reason,  and  yet  alway  vse  ye  greatest 
wisedome  in  hem  shall  he  be,  and  tliei  in  God." 

I  think  there  is  a  lacuna  of  a  few  words  after 
"yet  alway  vse  ye,"  which  might  be  filled  up 
something  like  this:  "nat  your  sighte,  ne 
youre  reason,  as  when  ye."  If  this  be  granted, 
the  continuation  of  the  sentence  will  be  found 
at  506  a.  44  :— 

"  Ne  ought  to  loke  [ne]  thinges  with  resouning  to 
proue,  and  so  is  instrument  of  wil,  will  :  and  yet 
varieth  he  from  effecte  aud  vsinge  both." 

The  following  sentences  continue  the  same 
subject. 

4.  At  the  conclusion  of  "  the  lady's  "  address, 
at  504  a.  13,  the  author  adds  : — 

"And  with  that  this  lady  all  at  ones  starte  into 
my  herte  :  'here  wol  I  onbide'  (quod  she)  'for 
euer,  and  neuer  woll  I  gone  hence,  and  I  woll  kepe 
the  from  medlynge,  while  me  liste  here  onbide  : 
thyne  entremetyng  maners  into  stedfastues  shulleu 
be  chaunged.'  " 

After  this  the  author  begins  to  speak  in  his 
own  person  to  the  reader.  Now  that  Love  has 
become  an  inmate  of  his  heart,  his  spiritual 
difficulties  are  at  an  end,  and  it  remains  for  him 
to  expound  to  others  the  truths  which  he  has 
learnt  from  her.  It  is  natural  to  expect  that 
thenceforward  there  will  be  no  more  dialogues 
between  the  author  and  Love,  but  that  the 
author  will  continue  discoursing  in  his  own 
person  until  the  end  of  the  book.  In  the  text 
as  it  is  printed  this  expectation  is  not  fulfilled. 
"  The  lady  "  abruptly  resumes  her  speech  a  few 
pages  further  on  ;  it  is  not  easy  to  see  at  what 
precise  point,  as  her  discourse  has  the  appear- 
ance of  being  inextricably  mixed  up  with  the 
author's  addresses  to  her  and  to  the  reader. 

All  these  difficulties  disappear,  and  a  con- 
secutive and  intelligible  text  is  obtained,  when 
the  disjointed  fragments  are  rearranged  in  what 
I  conceive  to  be  their  original  order.  I  am 
sorry  that  there  is  no  convenient  means  of  ex- 
hibiting my  reconstruction  of  the  text  otherwise 
than    in    the    repellent    form    of    a   series   of 


any 


numerical  referen  column,  and  line 

of  Chalmers's  edition.     1  t r u > t  that  those  who 

are  r  i  in  the  subject,  and  1. 

the    edition    referred    to,    will   not     grudge 
trouble    of   testing    my   results    by  -   to 

the  book.     My  scheme   of  an  'it  is   as 

follows  : 

1.  From  the  beginning  to  60S  b.  8  (' 

mouable  tyme  there"). 

2.  From  609  a.  <;  ("  that  is  nothing  preterit '  ) 
to  the  end  of  510  b.  ("euer  to  onbide"). 

.'!.    From  50U  b.  64  ("  NTowe  trewely  lady")  to 
t.  30  ("of  which  ye  first  mened  "). 

4.  From  511   a.  1   ("Nowe  lady,  quod  I")  to 
oil   b.  64  ("and  yet  alway  vse  ye  "). 

5.  From  50b'  a.  41  ("  ne  onghte  to  loke")  to 
506  b.  54  ("of  that  knotte"). 

6.  From  508  a.  31  ("very  trouthe  ")  to  5W 
a.  6  ("shal  blinge  out  frute"). 

7.  From  503  b.  2  ("fole  haue  I  nat  sayd  ") 
to  506  a.  44  ("  god  is  the  greatest  loue  "). 

8.  From  511  b.  54  ("and  the  greatest  wise- 
dome  ")  to  the  end. 

Students  of  the  'Testament  of  Love'  (if  such 
there  be)  will  remember    that  some  years  ago 
Prof.  Skeat  discovered  that  the  initial  letters  of 
the  sections  formed  an  acrostic,  reading  "Mar- 
garet of  virtw,  have  merci  on  T.S.K. N.V.I." 
Prof.  Skeat  thought  that  the  concluding  letters 
were  an  anagram   on   the  author's  name,  which 
he  supposed  to   be  Kitsiin.     I  always  felt  that 
the  assumption  of  an  anagram   was  extremely 
improbable,  but  was  unable  to  make  any  better 
suggestion.     When    I    had    completed    my    re- 
arrangement of  the  text  I  was  naturally  curious 
to  see  whether  my  transpositions  had  rendered 
it  possible  to  read  the  acrostic  straightforward  ; 
and  on  examination   I  discovered  the   correct 
order  of  the  mysterious  initials  to  be  T. H.I.N. 
V.S.K.  (The  H  is  the  first  letter  of  the  sentence 
"  Here  of  this  matere,"  &c.,  which  in  Chalmers 
is    printed   without   break,    but    in    the    editio 
prince})*  is  clearly  marked  as  the  beginning  of  a 
section,   though   Thynne's  printer  has   omitted 
the  ornamental  initial.)     I  have  for  a  long  time 
felt  all  but  sure,  on  historical  grounds,  that  the 
'  Testament  of  Love  '  was  the  work  of  Thomas 
Usk,  the  "  clericus  familiaris  "  who  betrayed  his 
master,  John  of  Northampton,  and  was  beheaded 
in   March,   1388.     The  agreement  between  the 
author's  career,  as  he  describes  it,  and  the  known 
career  of  Usk,  is  in  itself  almost  decisive.     I 
have    hitherto   abstained    from    publishing   my 
view  for  various  reasons,  one  of  them  being  my 
inability  to  make  anything  of  the  acrostic.   Now 
that  the  sentence  is  clear  —  "  Margaret  of  virtue, 
have   mercy  on  ihiue    Usk  " — I  venture  to  say 
definitely    that   the   '  Testament   of    Love '  was 
written  by  Thomas  Usk  in  the  year  1387- 

It  is  well  known  that  the  '  Testament '  con- 
tains a  florid  compliment  to  Chaucer,  somewhat 
awkwardly  dragged  in,  and  I  think  it  is  pro- 
bable that  the  author  hoped  to  secure  the  poet's 
intercession  for  him  in  his  dire  need.  Very 
possibly  Usk  may  have  sent  a  copy  of  his  work 
to  Chaucer,  and  the  MS.,  being  found  among 
Chaucer's  papers,  may  have  come  down  to 
Thynne  with  exceptionally  good  evidences  of 
genuineness  as  one  of  the  poet's  own  works. 
We  may  be  pretty  sure  that  Usk's  praise  occa- 
sioned Chaucer  much  more  embarrassment  than 
pleasure.  Perhaps  it  is  not  too  fanciful  to 
surest  that  when,  two  or  three  years  after 
Usk's  death,  ( lower  playfully  exhorted  Chaucer 
to  make  his  '  Testament  of  Love,'  he  was  partly 
quizzing  the  poet  about  his  disreputable 
admirer.  Hinky   Bhadlev. 


BALBS. 

Tiik  first  sale  of  ex-libris  was  held  by  Messrs. 
Puttick  it  Simpson  on  January  28th,  and  ex- 
cited great  interest  among  collectors.  The 
attendance  was  very  large,  and  included  many 
members  of  the  Ex  Libris  Society.  Prices  ruled 
high,  the  following  being  a  selection  of  the  more 
important  lots  :— Thomas    Penn,    "  First  Pro- 


N°  3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


185 


prietor  of  Pennsylvania  "  (son  of  William  Fenn), 
61.  William  Hogarth,  11.  10s.  John  Holland, 
engraved  by  Hogarth,  41.  George  I.  Gift  Plates 
(2),  21. 4s.  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge,  11.  12s. 
Sir  John  Aubrey,  31.  12s.  6d.  Walpole  Family 
(7),  31.  12s.  Rev.  W.  Barrow,  11.  Sir  F. 
Cunliffe,  by  Bartolozzi,  11.  6s.  Dr.  A.  C(har- 
lett),  11.  18s.  David  Garrick,  11.  18s.  Sir 
Francis  Fust,  11.  10s.  A.  Lumisden,  11.  10s. 
Joseph  Smith,  11.  10s.  G.  van  Hamme,  11.  4s. 
Harvard  College,  N.E.,  1650,  31.  5s. 
Sir  Charles  Frederick,  31.  5s.  H.  Mill 
and  C.  Mill  (7),  21.  6s.  Sir  F.  Leighton,  &c. 
(20),  11.  lis.  Sir  P.  Sydenham  (4),  11.  7s. 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  Presentation  Plates 
(35),  31.  3s.  Hon.  Mistris  Primerose  (damaged), 
15s.  Elliker  Bradshaw,  11.  12s.  C.  Lennox, 
Duke  of  Richmond,  11.  4s.  Thomas  Parker, 
1704,  11.  Is.  Winchester  College,  11.  2s.  The 
total  realized  by  295  lots,  which  included  a  few 
pieces  of  armorial  china,  was  2461. 

On  Friday,  January  29th,  and  Monday,  Feb- 
ruary 1st,  Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  sold  the 
library  of  a  gentleman  removed  from  Kent  and 
other  properties,  the  following  being  some  of 
the  more  important  prices  :  — Gray's  Elegy 
wrote  in  a  Country  Churchyard,  first  edition, 
141.  10s.  Chertsey  Worthies'  Library,  14  vols., 
91.  Horsfield's  Sussex,  31.  History  of  the 
Wemyss  Family,  171.  10s.  Discoveries  at  Hali- 
carnassus,  51.  10s.  Burton's  Arabian  Nights, 
29L  Walton's  Angler,  Pickering,  11.  Chronicles 
and  Memorials,  75  vols.,  81.  10s.  Salvin  and 
Brod rick's  Falconry,  61.  6s.  Hall's  Poems,  1646, 
31.  Is.  Qd.  Autograph  Letters  :  Nelson  (2), 
41.  12s.  M. ;  Tennyson,  21. ;  Sir  W.  Scott,  21.  2s. ; 
G.  Meredith,  11.  10s.  ;  George  Eliot,  41.  4s.  ; 
B.  Franklin,  21.  lis.  6d.  ;  Mrs.  Browning  (2), 
61.  Is. 

The  first  edition  of  Gray's  Elegy,  published  at 
sixpence  by  R.  Dodsley  in  1751,  is  one  of  the 
most  conspicuous  items  in  the  desiderata  of  the 
eighteenth  century  collector.  The  plain  margin 
of  the  title  in  the  copy  sold  was  slightly  cut.  A 
copy  was  sold  by  Messrs.  Sothebyin  December, 
1893.  Mr.  Foote's  copy  fetched  at  New  York, 
in  January,  1895,  270  dollars-  It  is  interesting 
to  note  that  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and  fifth 
editions,  all  of  which  bear  the  date  of  the  first 
issue,  are  only  worth  from  11.  10s.  to  three 
guineas  each. 

•THE  MIRROR   OF   JUSTICES.' 

Pkof.  Maitland's  brilliant  and  original 
criticism  of  the  fourteenth  century  law  -  book 
known  as  'The  Mirror  of  Justices,' and  attri- 
buted to  Andrew  Horn,  has  recently  been  dis- 
cussed in  certain  learned  periodicals,  and 
exception  has  been  taken  in  a  most  emphatic 
manner  to  the  suggested  view  of  this  curious 
compilation  as  an  elaborate  medireval  hoax 
practised  upon  a  wholly  unsophisticated  age 
by  a  not  very  intelligent  forger,  from  an  in- 
terested motive  which  has  been  clearly  revealed 
to  us  in  a  kindred  case  by  the  learned  researches 
of  Prof.  F.  Liebermann. 

As  the  above  exception  seems  to  be  partly 
based  upon  the  unseemliness  of  this  irreverent 
proposition,  it  may  be  interesting  to  know  that, 
quite  independently  of  Prof.  Maitland's  argu- 
ments, even  stronger  language  was  used  at  the 
expense  of  the  reputed  author  of  'The  Mirror  ' 
as  far  back  as  the  year  1703  by  a  grave  English 
scholar,  the  contemporary  of  Madox  and  of  the 
ponderously  learned  school  of  mediiuval  com- 
mentators, none  of  whom  can  fairly  be  credited 
with  an  undue  sprightliness  of  style.  This  was 
( leorge  Ilickes,  the  giant  of  the  Northern  school 
of  Diplomatic,  whose  learned  judgment  has  per- 
haps more  rarely  been  reversed  than  that  of  any 
other  English  historical  scholar.  In  the  '  Dis- 
sertatio  Epistolaris '  appended  to  his '  Thesaurus,' 
Ilickes  alludes  to  the  reputed  author  of  '  The 
Mirror 'in  the  following  terms  :   "  Quamobrem 

inter   falsarios   seculi,    qui    commenta    sua 

orbiobtruserunt,  ut  Hornum  vestrum  numeran- 


dum  existimem qui  fabulam  commentus  est, 

generali  nomine  tutus  dicit."  Again,  "  Hornus 
'  Speculum  '  fallax  suum  dicitur  scripsisse. "  Of 
one  of  his  statements  we  read  :  ' '  non  potest 
non  esse  fictitium";  and,  generally,  "  multa 
fabulosa  et  fictitia  tradit."  But  the  chief  in- 
terest attaching  to  Hickes's  criticism  lies  in  his 
comparison  of  Horn's  method  with  that  em- 
ployed by  two  other  notable  forgers,  the  abbots 
of  Croyland  and  Bury.  He  treats  their  preten- 
sions with  ridicule— a  ridicule  which  seems 
rather  ponderous  in  its  eighteenth  century 
Latin  garb,  but  against  which  no  one  has 
hitherto  offered  any  protest. 

Dealing  with  Ingulf,  "  falsarius  aliquis 
Horno  non  absimilis,"  Hickes  leaves  it  an  open 
question  whether  he  was  a  mere  forger  or  a 
practical  joker  taking  liberties  ("more  phan- 
tastico  ")  with  an  unsophisticated  age  ("  seculum 
indoctum  ")  ;  whilst  of  a  companion  forger  at 
Exeter  he  exclaims  :  "  nescio  majori  an  impu- 
dentia  an  imperitia." 

As  to  the  Bury  forgeries,  Hickes  concludes 
a  sarcastic  comparison  of  commenta  such  as 
these  and  those  of  Horn  and  Ingulf  with 
another  pleasantry:  "Inter  historiolas  illas 
digna  omnino  est  quse  recenseatur  fabula  ilia  de 
Sancto  Edmundo  rege  "—whose  body,  despite 
of  arrows,  javelins,  blows,  and  finally  decapi- 
tation, is  related  to  have  been  found  intact  in 
his  tomb. 

Future  editors  of  the  Croyland  and  Bury 
histories  should  not  fail  to  take  note  both  of 
Prof.  Maitland's  and  of  Hickes's  theories,  which 
quite  unconsciously  support  each  other. 


Uiurarg  (Eosstp. 

Vol.  III.  of  the  "  Centenary  Burns,"  edited 
by  Messrs.  Henley  and  Henderson,  will  be 
published  in  the  course  of  the  next  few  days. 
We  understand  that  the  examination  of  old 
Scots  MSS.,  black-letter  broadsides,  chap- 
books,  song-books,  and  the  like  has  been 
much  more  fruitful  than  was  expected ;  and 
that  much  new  light  has  been  cast  on  Burns's 
relation  to  popular  song. 

A  collection  of  the  '  Essays,  Addresses, 
and  Translations,'  in  three  volumes,  of  the 
late  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  edited  by  Sir 
Eobert  Herbert,  has  been  privately  printed 
by  the  Dowager  Countess  of  Carnarvon  for 
distribution  among  her  late  husband's 
friends  and  relations. 

Prof.  Forrest,  Director  of  the  Indian 
Records,  is  bringing  out  a  monograph  on 
the  'Famine  in  India,'  based  on  papers 
written  by  him  in  1877  and  sundry  articles 
of  recent  date. 

The  Hon.  W.  Warren  Vernon  has  in  the 
press  a  second  edition  of  his  'Readings  on  the 
Purgatorio,'  which  has  been  rewritten  so  as 
practically  to  form  an  entirely  new  work. 

Under  the  title  '  Religious  Education  in 
Secondary  Schools :  Suggestions  for  Teachers 
and  Parents,'  Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  will 
shortly  publish  for  the  Rev.  G.  C.  Bell, 
Head  Master  of  Marlborough  College,  a 
small  volume  which  it  is  hoped  may  help  to 
place  this  important  subject  on  a  more  satis- 
factory footing.  Mr.  Bell's  suggestions  are 
partly  for  the  rearrangement  of  the  material 
now  used  in  teaching,  partly  for  the  in- 
clusion of  subjects  commonly  neglected,  the 
aim  being  to  bring  into  more  prominence 
the  vital  elements  of  the  Bible. 

Messes.  J.  Nisdet  &  Co.  will  publish  this 
month  a  volume  of  letters  from  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Rendol  Harris,  who  have  been  for 
some  months  travelling  through  Armenia, 


witnessing  the  disturbances  and  distribut- 
ing relief.  Mr.  Gladstone  has  contributed 
a  short  introductory  note,  recommending 
the  publication  of  the  letters. 

For  the  "Literatures  of  the  World" 
series,  which  Mr.  Gosse  is  editing  for  Mr. 
Heinemann,  Dr.  Zoltan  Beothy,  the  most 
accomplished  living  historian  and  critic  of 
Magyar  literature,  has  undertaken  to  write 
the  Hungarian  volume. 

Mr.  Herbert  A.  Giles,  late  H.M.  Consul 
at  Ningpo,  has  finished  '  A  Chinese  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary.'  It  will  contain  about 
2,500  lives  of  the  most  eminent  Chinese 
statesmen,  warriors,  philosophers,  poets, 
painters,  travellers,  priests,  rebels,  beauties, 
&c,  from  the  earliest  ages  down  to  the 
present  day.  Biographical  notices  of  the 
emperors  will  also  be  included. 

Dr.  E.  Moore,  as  Barlow  Lecturer  on 
Dante,  will  deliver  two  lectures  on  '  Dante 
as  a  Religious  Teacher,  especially  in  Refer- 
ence to  Catholic  Doctrine,'  at  University 
College,  Gower  Street,  at  3  f.m.  on  Wednes- 
day and  Thursday  next. 

Francis,  Count  Lutzow,  of  Zampach,  in 
Bohemia,  whose  '  History  of  Bohemia '  was 
published  last  year  by  Messrs.  Chapman 
&  Hall,  is  the  author  of  a  paper  in 
the  current  number  of  the  New  Review 
on  Bohemian  poetry.  The  list  of  contents 
wrongly  describes  him  as  Frederick,  Count 
Lutzow. 

We  have  to  record,  with  regret,  the  death 
of  Mr.  Charles  Roberts,  who  was  for  some 
years  Secretary  of  the  Public  Record  Office, 
but  retired  from  the  public  service  as 
long  ago  as  the  year  1866.  Mr.  Roberts 
was  appointed  in  1820  a  clerk  in  the  Record 
Office  at  the  Tower  by  Mr.  Petrie,  then 
Keeper.  He  was  a  contemporary  and  friend 
of  the  late  Sir  T.  D.  Hardy,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  be  an  Assistant  Keeper  of  Records 
in  1851.  Mr.  Roberts  took  an  active  part 
in  the  transfer  of  the  contents  of  the 
metropolitan  Record  Offices  to  the  new 
repository,  and  in  1854  he  made  a  pro- 
longed inspection  of  the  records  of  the 
abolished  Courts  of  the  Principality  of 
Wales  with  a  view  to  their  removal  to 
London.  In  1857  Mr.  Roberts  succeeded 
Mr.  F.  S.  Thomas  as  Secretary  of  the  Public 
Record  Office,  and  ho  retired  at  the  age 
of  sixty -three  in  1866,  after  more  than 
forty -six  years'  service.  It  will  be  seen, 
therefore,  that  he  was  ninety -four  years 
of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Mr. 
Roberts  was  the  editor  of  the  two  volumes 
of  '  Fine  Rolls,'  produced  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  old  Record  Commission  in 
1835-6,  and  he  was  the  author  of  the 
'  Calendarium  Genealogicum,'  published  in 
1865,  a  work  which  is  still  extensively  used 
by  record  searchers. 

The  valuable  foundation  of  Sir  John  Cass, 
which  has  not  only  been  well  nursed,  but 
has  also  increased  its  income  by  the  normal 
development  of  City  properties,  will  here- 
after provide  a  larger  amount  from  its 
annual  surplus  for  the  needs  of  the  Hackney 
Institute,  which  will  acknowledge  the  bene- 
faction by  assuming  the  namo  of  the  original 
founder. 

Mu.  J.  C.  NlMMO  will  publish  shortly  a 
new  illustrated  and  revised  edition  of  the 
Rev.    S.    Baring  -  Gould's    '  Lives    of    the 


186 


T  II  E     ATI!  KNiTCUM 


N*8615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


Saints."      Additional     Livea     of      English 

martyrs  and   Cornish  and  Welsh  saints  will 

1)0  given,  and  the  « •<  1  i 1 1 » »i i  will  contain  b 
calendar  oi  saints  fox  ererydayin  the  year, 
ami  about  twenty  -  three  hundred  bio- 
graphies, over   lour   hundred   engravings, 

and  a  full  index  to  the  entire  work.  Jt 
will  be  issued  m  monthly  volumes  and  at 
u  popular  prioe. 

Mu.Nimmo  also  informs  us  ho  has  acquired 
the  copyright  of  all  tho  works  written  by 
the  lato  Miss  Manning,  author  of  'The 
Household  oi  Sir  Thomas  More,'  '  Cherry 
and  Violet,'  &c.  Miss  Manning's  various 
books  numbered  some  fifty  in  all ;  the  more 
interesting  of  these  will  be  published  uni- 
form with  tho  illustrated  edition  of  '  The 
Household  of  Sir  Thomas  More '  recently 
issued  by  Mr.  Nimmo. 

Wa  are  glad  to  see  that  the  Newsvendors' 
Benevolent  Institution  intends  to  commemo- 
rate tho  present  jubilee  of  the  Queen's  reign 
by  placing  tho  entire  donations  received 
during  the  year  to  the  Royal  Victoria  Pension 
Fund,  inaugurated  by  the  Queen  in  1887, 
for  the  benefit  of  the  widows  of  newsvendors. 
The  festival  will  be  held  soon  after  Easter, 
and  Lord  Crewe  has  kindly  consented  to 
preside. 

Mr.  F.  Allen  writes  from  St.  Neots  : — 

"Some  of  the  readers  of  the  review  in  the 
Athemeum  of  January  23rd  of  Mr.  Almack's 
book  may  be  glad  to  know  what  was  the  price 
of  the  early  edition.  I  have  in  my  hands  two 
copies  of  the  '  Povrtraictvre  of  His  Sacred 
Majestie  in  his  Solitudes  and  Sufferings,'  both 
dated  1648,  therefore  less  than  two  months  after 
the  death  of  the  king.  One,  which  appears  by 
the  error  in  the  pagination  (the  numbers  145  to 
154  being  repeated)  to  be  the  earliest  issue,  has 
on  the  flydeaf  '  Katherine  Bowyer,  her  booke, 
March  22nd,  1649/50— cost  Is.  Gd.' " 

Under  the  title  '  Letters  from  the  Sudan,' 
Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  will  publish  an 
account  of  the  recent  expedition  to  Dongola 
based  upon  the  letters  of  the  special  corre- 
spondent of  the  Times,  Mr.  E.  F.  Knight, 
the  well-known  author  of  '  The  Cruise  of 
the  Falcon.' 

We  regret  to  bear  that  the  Committee  of 
the  Guildhall  Library  has  declined  to  place 
a  bust  of  the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Whitaker  in 
its  precincts. 

Messrs.  Longman  announce  a  series  of 
volumes  by  various  hands,  which  will  deal 
with  matters  of  practical  theology,  under 
the  title  of  "  The  Oxford  Library  of  Prac- 
tical Theology,"  and  will  be  edited  by  Canon 
Newbolt  and  the  Rev.  F.  E.  Brightman,  of 
the  Pusey  House,  Oxford. 

Messrs.  Patrick  Geddes,  of  Edinburgh, 
aro  about  to  reissue  tho  several  tales  com- 
prised in  Miss  Fiona  Macleod's  two  volumes 
of  Celtic  tales,  '  Tho  Sin-Eater  '  and  '  The 
Washer  of  the  Ford,'  entirely  rearranged 
and  organically  grouped.  Several  stories 
which  have  not  hitherto  appeared  are  to  bo 
printed.  The  wholo  will  fill  three  volumes, 
divided  into  '  Spiritual  Tales,'  '  Barbaric 
Tales,'  and  'Tragic  Romances.'  Among 
the  additions  will  be  tho  long  story  entitled 
'  Morag  of  the  Glen,'  which  was  published 
some  time  ago  in  an  English  magazine,  but, 
as  just  mentioned,  most  of  tho  additional 
matter  is  new. 

The  Russian  Imperial  Academy  has  de- 
cided  to   undertake    the    publication   of   a 


national  biographical  dictionary  of  Russian 

men  of  letters  and  men  of  Science.  The 
ground  for  such  ■  work  had    POOH    prepared 

by  the  laborious  effort*  or  If,  Vengueror, 
and  the  materials  he  provides  will  practi- 
cally form  tho  work,  which  the  Academy 
will  bring  out  at  its  own  cost.  It  is  stated 
that  these  materials  lill  100,000  pages  of 
manuscript,  and  contain  a  biographical 
sketch  of  tho  selected  individuals  as  well  as 
references  to  their  works.  Living  Russians 
are  included,  and  M.  Wnguerov  has  received 
much  assistance  from  them  in  his  com- 
pilation. 

On  April  21th  the  University  Court  of 
Wales  will,  it  is  expected,  decide  tho  much 
vexed  question — important,  at  any  rate,  to 
Welshmen — as  to  the  location  of  the  central 
offices  of  the  University. 

Dr.  Karl  Holsten,  Professor  of  Exe- 
getical  Theology  at  the  University  of 
Heidelberg,  died  in  that  town  on  January 
27th,  in  his  seventy-first  year.  He  was  a 
native  of  Mecklenburg,  and  studied  philo- 
logy and  theology  at  Rostock,  Leipzig,  and 
Berlin.  In  1852  he  became  a  teacher  at 
the  Gymnasium  in  Rostock,  where  he  pub- 
lished in  1868  his  treatise  '  Zum  Evan- 
gelium  des  Paulus  und  Petrus.'  The  fame 
of  this  work  brought  him  an  invitation  to 
a  professorship  in  the  University  of  Berne, 
and  in  1876  he  was  called  to  Heidelberg, 
and  remained  there  until  his  death.  His 
loss  will  be  keenly  felt,  not  only  in  the  theo- 
logical faculty,  but  throughout  liberal 
ecclesiastical  circles  in  Baden.  His  lectures 
were  attended  not  only  by  his  own  devoted 
troop  of  students,  but  by  hearers  belonging 
to  other  classes.  He  published  several 
critical  works  upon  the  Gospels,  and  was 
a  contributor  to  the  Jahrbiichcr  fur  protcs- 
tantische  Theologie,  but  the  most  influential 
of  his  writings  was  the  '  Ursprung  und 
Wesen  der  Religion.' 

The  extraordinarily  productive  novelist 
Ernst  Konrad  Ziletmann,  whose  pseudonym 
was  "Konrad  Telmann,"  died  a  few  days  ago. 
He  was  born  at  Stettin  in  1854,  and  studied 
law  at  Leipzig,  Berlin,  Heidelberg,  and 
Greifswald,  and  for  a  few  years  practised  in 
his  native  land.  In  addition  to  his  novels 
and  romances,  of  which  there  are  about  fifty 
volumes,  he  translated  Goldoni,  Giacosa, 
and  other  Italian  writers  into  German,  and 
published  a  few  volumes  of  lyrical  verse. 
In  1891  he  married  Hermine  von  Preuschen, 
herself  an  author  as  well  as  a  painter  of 
some  note. 

Tiie  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  a  List  of  Buildings  of  Architectural 
and  Historical  Interest,  of  which  the  Struc- 
ture and  Fabric  are  maintained  by  the 
Admiralty  (If/.);  Calendar  and  Summary 
of  Regulations  of  the  Science  and  Art 
Department,  1897  (la.  Id.) ;  and  a  Return 
of  the  Charities  of  the  Parish  of  Badsworth, 
Yorkshire  (2d.). 

SCIENCE 


BIOLOOICAL    LITERATURE. 

An  At'aa  of  Nerve  Cells,  by  M.  Allen  Starr, 
M.D.  (Macmillan  &  Co. ),  is  a  companion  volume 
to  tho  '  Atlas  of  Fertilization  and  Karyokinesis,' 
reviewed  in  those  columns  some  time  since. 
Tho  two  volumes  have  furnished  a  leading 
scientific     contemporary    with     the     text     for 


sermons    upon   the   photography  of    hu  to  logical 
evidence — somewhat  unn< ■< ■< -••  ■-.anly,  '-are 

'•!  will  at  once  admit  t 

do  process  of  micropbotography  at  present  prac- 
tised can  he  compared  as  evidence  with  a  draw- 
ing made  by  a  trained  observer,  which  is  produced 
as  the  composite  result  of  tlie  study  of  numerous 
preparations,  made  perhaps  by  various  methods, 
and  in  which  is  tlie  work  not  only  of  eye  and 
hand,  hut  of  brain  also.  These  atlases  do  : 
profess  to  supplant  work  of  this  kind.  The 
object  of  the  one  before  us  is  "to  present  to 
students  and  teachers  of  histology  a  series  of 
photographs  showing  the  appearance  of  the 
central  nervous  system  as  seen  under  the  mi 
scope."  Practically  no  students  and  but  few 
teachers  of  histology  have  the  time  or  skill  to 
make  elaborate  preparations  of  the  entire  central 
nervous  system,  least  of  all  by  the  complicated 
and  somewhat  uncertain  methods  of  Golgi ;  but 
withthisatlas  in  the  teacher's  hand,  and withafew 
characteristic  preparations,  any  student  can  easily 
follow  all  the  main  features  of  the  anatomy  of 
the  brain  and  spinal  cord.  We  cannot  but  regard 
this  as  clear  gain.  The  atlas  contains  chapters 
on  the  histological  and  photographic  techniques 
employed,  by  Messrs.  O.  C.  Strong  and  E. 
Leeming  respectively  ;  these  are  followed  by 
fifty-three  microphotographs  and  thirteen  6gures, 
with  an  explanatory  text  by  Prof.  Starr.  The 
photographs  (or  the  preparations)  are,  naturally 
enough,  of  unequal  merit,  but  it  is  unnecessary 
to  point  out  particular  instances.  The  book 
should  become  an  indispensable  helper  in  all 
histological  laboratories  and  medical  schools. 

The  Biological  Problem  of  To-day  :  Preforma- 
tion or  Epigenesis?  By  Prof.  Oscar  Hertwig. 
Authorized  Translation  by  P.  Chalmers 
Mitchell.  (Heinemann.)— An  odd  and  rather 
significant  phenomenon  of  the  last  few  years 
has  been  the  rise  of  what  is  known  as  Weis- 
mannism.  An  esoteric  theory,  with  little  or 
no  basis  of  fact,  on  a  question  of  no  previous 
interest  to  the  general  public,  was  suddenly 
found  to  have  appealed  strongly  to  what  may  be 
termed  the  "  Magazine  mind  "  —  that  section 
of  the  public  which  imagines  itself  to  be  kept 
abreast  of  current  work  and  thought  by  reading 
what  A  has  to  say  on  B's  views  touching  C's 
polemics  against  D's  theory.  That  Girton  would 
be  agitated  on  the  question  was  to  be  anticipated, 
but  Weismann's  dogmas  cropped  up  in  such 
unexpected  places  as  Church  Congresses,  and 
one  almost  expected  to  hear  one's  partner  at  a 
dance  lisp  glibly  of  idants  and  determinants. 
Not  since  the  publication  of  the  '  Origin  of 
Species'  has  the  calm  of  the  biological  temple 
been  so  broken  by  profane  clamour.  At  present 
less  is  heard  on  the  matter,  but  it  is  reported 
that  the  question  of  the  inheritance  of  acquired 
characters  is  still  disturbing  remote  country 
book-clubs.  Curiously  enough,  it  is  in  England, 
and,  to  a  less  extent,  America,  rather  than  in 
Germany,  that  Weismann  has  found  supporters, 
and  we  welcome,  therefore,  an  English  transla- 
tion of  Oscar  Hertwig's  demolition  of  a  fascinat- 
ing, but  unsupported  hypothesis.  No  one  has 
devoted  more  time  than  the  author  to  laborious 
investigation  of  the  facts  of  cell  morphology  and 
development,  and  he  has  effectively  given  the 
misericordo  to  the  germ  plasm  and  its  atten- 
dant "ids,"  "determinants,"  and  "biophores." 
In  its  place  he  wisely  oilers  a  "conception" 
rather  than  a  theory.  The  translation  is  spirited 
and  interesting  ;  the  translator  is  responsible 
also  for  a  well-written  introduction,  and  for  a 
glossary  in  which  accuracy  has  been  a  little 
sacrificed  to  brevity. 

Text-Book  of  Comparative  Anatomy.  By  Dr. 
A.  Lang.  Translated  by  H.  M.  and  M.  Ber- 
nard. Part  II.  (Macmillan  &  Co.)— The  second 
part  of  this  treatise  is  altogether  a  more  serious 
production  than  the  first.  The  difference  in 
scope  may  be  gauged  by  the  following  facts.  In 
the  first  part' Protozoa,  Porifera,  Codenterata, 
I  "Vermes,"   and    Arthropoda     together    filled 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


187 


only  545   pages  ;    in   this   second    volume   560 
pages    are    devoted    merely   to   Mollusca    and 
Echinodermata,    and,    as    the    translators   say, 
these  two  chapters   "are  in    reality  more  like 
comprehensive    treatises   on    the   groups    with 
which   they  deal "  than  items   in   an   ordinary 
text-book.     Prof.  Lang's  method  is  that  of  the 
severest   comparative   anatomy  ;   aetiology   and 
theoretical  morphology  are  pleasantly  neglected, 
and    homological    speculation   confined    within 
decent    limits.     The    matter    of    the    book    is 
arranged    by  systems  of    organs,   not    by  sys- 
tematic groups  of  organisms — a  defensible,  but 
in   our    opinion    regrettable,    treatment.     One 
thing  is  at  least  certain,  that  with  this  treat- 
ment an  absolutely  exhaustive  index  is  required 
in  order  to  enable  the  student  readily  to  obtain 
a  fact  about  any  animal  on  which  he  may  be  at 
work.     For  example,  Haliotis  and  the   Halio- 
tidse  are  represented  by  five  references  in  the 
index,    but   by   seventeen    important   citations 
in  the  text.     For  the  omissions,  we  presume, 
the  translators  are  responsible,  and  for  a  large 
number  of  annoying  misspellings  (e.  g.,  "  Zeugo- 
branchiata,"  "  conchyolin,"  "Oncidium,"  "  por- 
celanous,"   "  hectocotilised,"    "  Schiemenez  ")  ; 
but  it  is  only  fair  to  add  here  that  they  have 
achieved  an  adequate  translation.     The  author 
has  done  his  work  well  ;  both  text  and  illustra- 
tions   (mostly   new   to   text-books,    and    often 
original)  are  excellent ;   and  the  thorny  ques- 
tions of  chiastoneury  and  of  the  homologies  of 
echinoderm  plates  are  discreetly  handled.     The 
same  figure  is,  unfortunately,  made  to  do  duty 
for   the   architypal   mollusc    (p.    26)    and    the 
architypal     gastropod     (p.     150),     but     surely 
Prof.  Lang  does  not  intend  to  convey  the  idea 
that   the    "  Urmollusk  "   was   a  gastropod — the 
student's  natural  inference.     Lankester's  Archi- 
mollusc   is  much  less  compromising  and  more 
generalized  ;   Lang's  concept  further  lacks  the 
shell-sac,    an     essential    feature     of   molluscan 
ancestry.      In    addition    to    the    Mollusca   and 
Echinodermata,  this  volume  describes  what  we 
in  England  class  as  Hemichordata,  viz.,  Balano- 
glossus,  Cephalodiscus,  and  Rhabdopleura,  the 
affinities  of  which,  according  to  Lang  (and  other 
German  writers),   lie    rather  with    the  echino- 
derms  than  the  Chordata  ;  the  two  views  are, 
however,  not  irreconcilable.     Embryology,  as  is 
best  in    a  book  of    this   kind,  is  only  lightly 
sketched  in  by  the  description  of  a  few  leading 
types.     We  can  only  hope  that  Prof.  Lang,  and, 
we  may  add,  his  present  translators,   will  pro- 
duce a  second   edition  of   the  first  part  which 
shall   be  worthy  to  place  beside  this    present 
volume. 


SOCIETIES. 


Royal.— Jan.  28  —The  President,  followed  by 
the  Treasurer,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  J.  Eliot  and  Dr. 
E.  C.  Stirling  were  admitted  into  the  Society.— The 
following  papers  were  read  :  '  On  the  Capacity  and 
Residual  Charge  of  Dielectrics  as  affected  by  Tem- 
perature anil  Time.'  by  Dr.  Hopkinson  and  Mr.  E. 
Wilson,— '  On  the  Electrical  Resistivity  of  Electro- 
lytic Bismuth  at  Low  Temperatures  and  in  Magnetic 
Fields,'  by  Profs.  Dewar  and  Fleming,— and  'On 
the  Selective  Conductivity  exhibited  by  certain 
Polarizing  Substances,'  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Bose. 

Geological.— Jan.  20.— Dr.  H.  Hicks,  Pre.-idenr, 
in  the  chair.— Messrs.  A.  I!.  Cragg,  E.  A.  S.  Faw- 
cett,  and  J.  Lomas  were  elected  Fellows.— The  fol- 
lowing communications  were  read  :  '  On  Glacial 
Phenomena  of  Palaeozoic  Age  in  the  VaraDger  Fiord,' 
and  '  The  Raised  Beaches  and  Glacial  Deposits  of 
the  Varanger  Fiord,'  by  Mr.  A.  Strahan. 

Society  of  Antiquaries.— Jan.  28.— Viscount 
Dillon,  V.  P., in  the  chair.— The  Rev.W.C.Streatfeild 
exhibited  and  presented  a  number  of  seals  and 
illuminated  pedigrees  and  other  documents.— Mr. 
W.  Home  exhibited  a  small  white  marble  bust  of 
Jupiter  Serapis.  of  Greek  work,  found  in  Egypt.— 
Mr.  F.  Haverfield  communicated  a  note  on  a  Roman 
lamp  of  terra-cotta,  and  probably  Christian,  found 
at  Bradfield,  Berks,  which  was  al.-o  exhibited.— Mr, 
H.  Price  exhibited  some  beautifully  worked  Hint 
weapons,  with  crescent-shaped  heads,  from  Luxor  ; 
also  a  remarkable  terra-cotta  object  containing  an 
Archimedean    screw,  perhaps  a  model   of  similar 


contrivances  used  for  irrigation  purposes,  and 
worked  by  the  feet  in  the  manner  of  a  treadmill. — 
Mr.  J.  R.  Mortimer  communicated  a  paper  on  a 
number  of  cruciform  embankments  in  East  York- 
shire, which  he  supposed  to  be  the  Christian  suc- 
cessors of  the  circular  mounds  used  for  the  assembly 
of  the  folk-moot.— It  was,  however,  suggested  in 
the  discussion  that  followed  that  such  embank- 
ments were  more  probably  thrown  up  as  shelters 
for  sheep  or  cattle,  the  summits  being  planted  witb 
bushes  or  small  trees  to  keep  off  the  wind. 


LlNNEAN.— Jan.  21.— Mr.  C.  B.  Clarke,  V.P.,  in  the 
chair. — Messrs.   R.  Barnes  and  F.  G.   Sinclair  were 
admitted    Fellows.  —  Dr.   J.   Lowe  exhibited  some 
fossil  antlers  of  Cervus  elaphus  from  Southern  Fen, 
Cambridge.    The   dimensions  given    were  :    length 
along  outside  curve,  right  42'6iu.,  left  41  in.  ;  cir- 
cumference  above   burr,   right  116in.,   left   11  in.  ; 
greatest   inside  width  37  in.,  at  top  32'6  in.    With 
these  were  also   exhibited    various    fragments    of 
implements  and  weapons  which  had  been  discovered 
in  proximity,    showing    that  the  animal  had  lived 
contemporaneously  with    man. — Dr.   H.  O.   Forbes 
referred  to  similar  antlers  of  great  size  preserved  in 
the  Liverpool  Museum,  which  had  been  discovered 
during  the  cutting  of  the  Manchester  Ship  Canal. — 
Mr.  J.  E.  Harting  showed  drawings  of  large  antlers 
found  at  Bourne  End  in  1894  during  the  construc- 
tion of  the  new  viaduct  over  the  Thames,  and  by  a 
man  ploughing    at    Boston,  Lincolnshire,  in   1895. 
It  was   remarkable  that  while    the  antlers   of  red 
deer  at  the  present  day  showed  a  marked  deteriora- 
tion in  size  and  weight  when  compared  with  those 
obtained  in  a  fossil  state  in  England,  this  was  not 
the  case  with  the  roe  deer. —  Mr.  H.  Mouckton  ex- 
hibited specimens  of  a  common  freshwater  mollusc, 
Limntea  peregra,  collected  by  him  at  the  Howie- 
toun  Ponds,  Selkirkshire,  showing  a  variation  from 
the  normal  type  in  being  more  or  less  banded.    The 
banding  was    in  every  case  confined    to  the   last 
whorl  of  the  shell,  and  often  to  the  outer  portion 
of  the  whorl,  although  in  one  or  two  cases  it  was 
arrested  before  reaching  the  mouth  of  the   shell. 
Mr.   Monckton,  after   describing  the    position  and 
nature  of   the   ponds   referred   to,  was   inclined  to 
attribute  the  variation  in  question  to  the  abundance 
of  food  supplied  for  the  Salmonidai  reared  there, 
and   to   the  absence  of  lime  from  the  water. — Mr. 
B.   B.  Woodward  exhibited  a   similar  variation   in 
shells    of   Limncea    stagnalis,  wherein    the    band- 
ing  was    longitudinal — a    peculiarity    which    had 
been    recorded    by    Mr.    T.    D.    Cockerell.  —  Sir  J. 
Maitland    gave    the    results  of  an   aualysis  which 
had  been   made  of   the   water  at   Howietouu    and 
Craigend,  with  a  view  to  determine  the    bearing  it 
might  have  on   the  growth  of  fish  and  variation  in 
the  shells  of  the  mollusca  referred  to.— The  Secre- 
tary   read    a    letter    from    Mr.  J.   Y.   Johnson,    of 
Fuuchal,  commenting  upon   Dr.  D.  Morris's  exhibi- 
tion   (November    5th)    of    raphides     composed    of 
oxalate   of    lime  in    the   bulbs    of    hyacinths,   the 
handling  of  which  had  produced  a  form  of  eczema. 
Mr.  Johuson  mentioned  a  parallel  case  in  llichardia 
cnthinpica,a  beautiful  aroid  known  to  gardeners  as 
the  lily  of  the  Nile.     The  laundresses  at  Funchal 
had  tried  to  utilize  the  starch  obtainable  from  the 
conns,  but  complained  of  the  irritation  in  the  hands 
produced  by  it,  which  on  examination  was  found 
to   result  from   the  presence  of   numerous  needle- 
shaped   raphides,   as  in   the  case  of  the    hyacinth 
bulbs  referred  to. — Dr.  G.  E.  Smith  read  a  paper  'On 
the  Origin  of  the  Corpus  callusnm :  a  Comparative 
Study  of  the  Hippocampal  Regiou  of  the  Cerebrum 
of  Marsupialia  and  certaiu  Cheiroptera.'   The  author 
entered  into  a  detailed  comparison   of  the  portion 
of    the    brain    named    in    Perameles    namta    and 
Nrjctoplnhis    timoriensis,    and    showed    that    the 
latter   presents    one  of    the    lowest    known   terms 
in  the  Eutherian  series. — The  paper  was  criticized 
by  Dr.  Mivart,  Dr.  Keith,  Dr.   Robinson,  and  Prof. 
Howes.— Ou  behalf  of  Dr.  J.  Gilchrist  a  paper  was 
read    'On    the   Minute   Structure  of    the   Nervous 
System  of  the  Mollusca.' 


Philological.— Jan.  29.  —  Prof.  Skeat,  V.P.,  in 
the  chair. — The  paper  read  was  '  Ou  the  MSS., 
Metre,  and  Grammar  of  Chaucer's  '' Troilus,"  '  by 
Prof.  McCormick.  He  made  three  editions  of  the 
poem,  a,  /3,  y.  The  best  representative  of  a  was  a 
poor  Phillipps  MS.,  No.  82.12,  but  having  a  text 
nearer  to  Boccaccio  than  any  other.  The  next  was 
112.  Harleian  3943  ;  this  goes  up  to  IV.  196,  and  then 
shifts.  The  third  was  11.  2392,  which  is  a  from 
Book  I  1  to  Book  III.  231.  The  fourth  was  the  Cam- 
bridge Gg,  from  a  after  1.  113  of  Book  II.  The  fifth 
was  H6,  or  Hail.  1912.  a  copy  of  the  Cambridge  Gg 
though  with  variations.  The  sixth  was  St.  .John's 
Cambridge!,  from  II.  1184  to  III.  427,  and  from 
IV.  44)0  to  the  end  of  IV.  Ed.  (3  (probably  the  first 
complete  transcript  of  the  poem)  contains  112,  or 
Harl.  3943,  from  IV.  197  to  the  end;  114  from 
IV.  232  to  the  end  ;  Gg  and  115  from  I.  to  II.  112  ; 


St.  John's  from  I.  1  to  II.  163,  and  III.  427  to 
IV.  400.  Rawlinson  MS.  is  the  type  of  /3,and  Caxton 
too  (after  collation  with  y).  and  H3  from  I.  to  II.  1033. 
Ed.  y  contains  three  MSS.— Corpus,  Campsall,  and 
HI,  or  Harleian  2280  (the  best  MSS.  for  spell- 
ing, &c. ;  Digby  and  Selden  2  are  very  poor). 
Addit.  and  Durham  are  close  transcripts  of  one 
original,  with  changes  from  (3.  H3,  No.  2,  from 
II.  1034  to  III.  231,  is  from  the  original  of  the  Corpus 
group.  H3,  No.  3,  from  III.  230  to  the  end  has  read- 
ings of  all  the  types  ;  from  IV.  318  to  end  of  IV.  it  is 
a  consistently.  Selden  B24,  an  excellent  MS.,  though 
in  Scotch,  from  I.  to  II.  516,  is  close  to  y  ;  and  then  is 
in  the  main  (3  and  H3,  No.  3.  Thynne's  MS.  began 
with  Caxton  and  an  earlier  book,  and  then  merely 
follows  y.  The  order  of  a,  (3,  y,  is  settled  by  their 
nearness  to  the  Boccaccio  ;  but  even  the  Phillipps 
fails  in  Book  IV.  Probably  the  copies  were  made 
before  Chaucer  had  finished  the  work.  Of  the  changes 
from  Boccaccio  and  a,  some  are  Chaucer's  and  deli- 
berate, others  are  due  to  later  corrections  made,  with- 
out fresh  reference  to  the  Italian  original,  either  by 
Chaucer  or  some  good  scholar ;  but  of  those  in  y 
none  can  be  absolutely  traced  to  Chaucer.  Though 
the  MSS.  of  a  and  j3  are  very  bad,  Prof.  McCormick 
has  based  his  text  on  the  best  of  them,  the  John's 
at  Cambridge,  correcting  it  by  the  other  MSS.  of 
a  and  /3,  aud  giving  collations  of  the  y  group. 
This  text  will  appear  in  Macmillan's  '  Chaucer,' of 
which  Mr.  A.  W.  Pollard  is  the  general  editor,  and 
in  which  he  has  already  issued  the  '  Canterbury 
Tales  '  from  the  Ellesmere  MS.  The  prose  '  Boece  ' 
and  'Astrolabe'  are  to  be  edited  by  Mr.  M.  H. 
Liddell.  

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.— Fe b.  2. — 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  in  the  chair. — It  was 
annouueed  that  seven  Associate  Members  had  been 
transferred  to  the  class  of  Members,  aud  that  seven- 
teen candidates  had  been  admitted  as  Students. — The 
monthly  ballot  resulted  iu  the  election  of  five 
Members,  of  thirty-six  Associate  Members,  and  of 
Vice-Admiral  Sir  G.  S.  Nares  as  an  Associate. 


Royal  Institution. — Feb.  1. — Sir  J.  Crichton- 
Browue,  Treas  and  V.P.,  in  the  chair.  — The  follow- 
ing were  elected  Members  :  Mr.  A.  L.  Cohen,  Mrs. 
Delaforce,  Sir  C.  A.  Elliott,  Mr.  J.  L.  Johnston,  Dr. 
A.  Liebmann,  Mr.  T.  G.  Longstaff,  Mr.  H.  Marsh, 
the  Rev.  E.  G.  C.  Parr,  Mr.  C.  Rose,  and  Mr.  E.  P. 
Thompson. 

Society  of  Arts. —  Feb.  1. —  Mr.  W.  Burton 
delivered  the  third  lecture  of  his  course  of  Cautor 
Lectures  '  On  Material  and  Design  in  Pottery,' the 
subject  of  the  lecture  being  mainly  that  of  stone- 
wares. 

Feb.  2. — The  Earl  of  Jersey  in  the  chair.— A  paper 
'  Ou  the  Progress  of  the  British  Colonial  Empire 
during  the  Sixty  Years  of  Her  Majesty's  Reign' 
was  read  before  the  Foreign  and  Colonial  Section 
by  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  C.  W.  Dilke,  Bart.,  M.P.-A 
discussion  followed. 

Feb.  3. — The  Right  Hon.  J.  Bryce  in  the  chair. — 
A  paper  '  On  the  Recess  Committee  and  its  Recom- 
mendations for  the  Development  of  Ireland's  Agri- 
cultural and  Industrial  Resources'  was  read  by 
the  Right  Hon.  H.  Plunkett,  M.  P.,  Chairmau  of  the 
Recess  Committee. — A  discussion  followed. 


Society  of  Engineers.— Feb.  1.— Mr.  S.  H.  Cox. 
late  President,  occupied  the  chair,  and  presented 
the  premiums  awarded  for  papers  read  during  1896. 
— Mr.  G.  M.  Lawford,  President,  then  took  the  chair, 
and  delivered  his  inaugural  address. 


Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology.—  Feb.  2.— 
Sir  P.  le  Page  Renouf,  President,  in  the  chair. — 
A  paper  was  read  by  the  Rev.  C.  J.  Ball,  '  The  Pro- 
phecy of  the  Servant '  (Isa.  lii.,  liii.). 


Wl  " 

Tm'RS. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSVING   WEEK. 
London      Institution,    5   -Decorative      Bookbinding      from 
Mrdlsrval  Times,    Mr  ('  .1    liavcnpoit 

Aristotelian,  8.  —  '  Sell-Realisation,'] Mr   11    Stint 

Society  of  Arts,  8  —  'Material  and  Design  in  Pottery,' 
Lecture  IV..  Mr  w  liurton     (Cantor Lecture  i 

Surveyors'  Institution,  8.— '  Allotments  and  Small  Holdings,' 
Mr    J.  W    W    Hum! 

Geographical.  HJ 

ltoval  Institution.  3.  -'  Animal  Electricity,'  Prof.  A  1>  Waller 

Society  ol  Arts,  8.— 'Lithography  as  a  Mode  of  Artistic  Ex- 
pression," Mr.  G    Mcculloch. 

Civil  Engineers,  8— 'Cold  storage  at  the  London  and  India 
Docks,  Mr  1{   F   Donaldson. 

I'nited  Service  Institution,  S  -'  I  lie  Militia.' Lieut -Col.  Lord 
Raglan 

Society  of  Arts,  8  — '  The  Chemistry  of  Tea.'  Mr   I)  ("role 

Royal  Institution,  8.—' The.  I'lVhloms  of  Arctic  Geology,' Dr 
J    \V  Gregory. 

ltoval,  4J. 

Society  of  Arts.  IJ-'Tlir  Progress  of  Science  Teaching  In 
India,'  Prol  Jagadlsl  hundra  bose 

London  Institution  9  Italian,  French,  and  German  Music 
,it  the  Blxteenth,  Serenteenth,  and  Eighteenth  Centuries,' 
Mr  A   Dolmetsch 

Society  ol  Arts, 8  —'The  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold,' Lec- 
ture'ill  .  1'iof  .i   a   Swing     (Howard  Lecture.) 

Electrical  Engineers  8-  Discussion  on 'Electric  Interlocking 

the  Jtlock  and  Median  ical  SiK'ials  OB  Railways.' 
Mathematical,  8. 


l.s.s 


Til  E     AT  II  KNjEUM 


N  3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


•  Anlltjuerlr*  t<\  —  •  A  DoaMi  Ma/rr  liH.unti'd  In  Mhrr  (.ill  '  Sir 
J  i  It. . I. in.. m  Ueportu  Local  Hecrofar)  Ini  Camberfaaa, 
Chai  .  aaoa        1 1.>  -     '  Prol   J 

I  rl  ^  u-.iii 
Fll  A.tr inlral    .1— Ai 

—  Ilill flcal  on  the   L'Ulai  Bofllen    Dlata 

J    II    - 

—  tmi   knglni  lenrolre    for   Coadenalaii 

.  .    Mr  II    \\    Marker       BtndeoU   Meeting  . 

—  Ratal  InelUuUon,  8  —  lu.nit  adtaaoai  In BoUoiologr.' Proi 

.1    Kline 
I     ral  iiiKtuuiii'n.  :i  —'The    Orowto   ol   iba    MiMiunonean 
It.  ula  lo  11..   I  ..*:     Mr    w    I    Lord 


£rirnrr  tfossh;. 

It  is  proposed  to  endow  the  electrical  labors- 
tiny  of  university  College,  London,  as  part  of 
.1  scheme  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  tho  late 
Sir  John  Pender. 

l.w\  PbbsTWIOB  is  collecting  materials  for  a 
memoir  of  the  late  Sir  Joseph  Prestwich,  and 
will  l>e  glad  of  letters  of  his.  Such  will  be 
copied  speedily  and  returned.  Latly  Prest- 
wich's  address  is  Darent  Ilulme,  Shoreham, 
near  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

A  XKLSOKAI1  from  the  Lowell  Observatory, 
which  is  now  placed  near  the  city  of  Mexico, 
announces  that  a  rift  has  been  observed  from 
the  7th  ult.  in  the  north  polar  cap  of  Mars,  in 
longitude  40  .  This  is  probably  a  similar  pheno- 
menon to  tluse  which  were  observed  in  the 
southern  cap  during  the  opposition  of  1894, 
indicating  the  uncovering  of  the  lower  levels 
near  the  poles  as  the  snow  melts,  whilst  it  still 
remains  on  the  higher  elevations. 

A  new  observatory  is  about  to  be  established 
at  Rossgen,  Saxony.  It  will  be  provided  with 
a  refractor  of  G'8  inches  aperture,  with  both 
visual  and  photographic  objectives,  and  be 
placed  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  F.  Kriiger, 
formerly  of  the  Kiel,  and  afterwards  of  the 
Bamberg  observatory.  The  special  plan  of 
work  is  to  be  the  formation  of  a  photometric 
catalogue  of  coloured  stars,  photometric  deter- 
mination of  stars,  and  the  construction  of  star- 
charts,  by  the  aid  of  photography,  of  regions  of 
the  sky  containing  variables. 

A  report  presented  to  the  Geological  Section 
of  the  British  Association,  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
Clement  Reid  as  secretary  of  a  committee  of 
which  Sir  John  Evans  was  chairman,  is 
important  from  an  anthropological  point  of 
view  as  relating  to  excavations  made,  for  the 
purpose  of  determining  the  relation  of  paleo- 
lithic man  to  the  glacial  epoch,  at  Hoxne,  in 
Norfolk,  the  classic  ground  in  which  Mr.  John 
Frere  found  paheolithic  implements  as  early 
as  the  year  1797.  The  committee  arrive  with 
clearness  at  the  conclusion  that  the  palaeolithic 
implements  of  Hoxne  are  much  later  than  the 
boulder  clay  of  that  district,  in  which  Arctic 
conditions  are  indicated,  and  that  the  palaeo- 
lithic deposits  are,  indeed,  separated  from  it  by 
two  climatic  waves,  with  corresponding  changes 
of  the  llora.  They  point  out  that  this  does  not 
affect  the  possibility  that  man  may  have  lived 
in  the  district  in  earlier  times,  though  no 
implements  have  been  discovered  in  the  earlier 
beds,  or  that  laheolithic  man  may  have  been 
interglacial  or  preglacial  in  other  districts  ;  but 
in  that  case  the  identity  of  form  of  the  imple- 
ments would  be  a  difliculty  to  be  solved. 


FINE    ARTS 


Letters,  Archaologieal  and  Historical,  relating 
to  the  Me  of  Might.  By  E.  Boucher  James. 
2  vols.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
Tins  memorial  edition,  as  it  might  be  termed, 
of  the  late  Vicar  of  Carisbrooke's  contribu- 
tions to  tho  lute  of  Wight  County  J'ress  is 
given  to  the  world  by  his  widow.  It  is  to 
the  attractive  personality  of  their  writer  that 
they  owe  their  thief  interest.  Mr.  James 
had  been  connected  with  Queen's,  Oxford, 
for  twenty  years  before  he  was  presented  by 
that  collogo  to  the  living  of    Carisbrooko, 


and    his    life    at    Oxford,    in    the   course    of 

which  he  h<ld  offioe  in  the  University  as 

\\.!1    as    in  his    college,    has    left  its   stamp 

upon  his  work.  In  the  mixed  system  of 
patronage  which  exi  ts  in  tin-  Church  of 
England,    college    livings,    if    sometin 

liable,  liko  others,  to  abuse,  justify  their 
existence  in  such  u  that  of  Mr.  James. 

We  speak  not  merely  of  the  studious  habits 
and  tho  ripe  learning  that  such  men  bring 
to  the  Church,  but  of  that  freedom  from 
caste  feeling  and  ecclesiastical  prejudice 
which  is  found  at  times  in  those  who  from 
the  first  liavo  been  engaged  in  parochial 
work.  For  if  we  were  to  summarize  tho 
characteristics  of  these  two  volumes  wo  should 
find  them,  on  the  one  hand  in  the  fact  that 
Mr.  James  wrote  always  as  a  scholar  and 
a  gentleman  (to  employ  a  phrase  he  might 
himself  have  used),  and  on  the  other  in 
a  broad-minded  toleration  which  led  him 
always  to  note  what  was  most  worth}'  of 
praise  in  those  who  were  not  of  his  own 
communion.  As  his  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
Justice  Charles,  observes  in  a  brief  pre- 
fatory sketch,  "  he  belonged  to  no  party  in 
the  Church."  It  would  be  difficult  to  find 
a  writer  more  scrupulously  fair. 

Turning  from  the  man  to  his  '  Letters,' 
one  must  warn  the  reader  at  the  outset  that 
they  are  not  of  the  character  of  original 
contributions,  either  to  history  or  archaeology. 
Appearing  in  the  columns  of  a  local  news- 
paper, and  avowedly  possessing  a  "  col- 
loquial and  informal  character,"  their 
contents  are  derived,  to  a  large  extent,  from 
sources  as  familiar  as  Macaulay's  history, 
or  as  accessible  as  the  Oglander  memoirs. 
Mr.  James,  doubtless,  never  contemplated 
their  preservation  in  more  permanent  form  ; 
and,  indeed,  they  have  had,  for  this  edition, 
to  be  rearranged  in  chronological  order,  the 
best  system  under  the  circumstances,  but 
one  which,  it  is  admitted,  leads  to  occasional 
repetition.  Although,  as  he  loved  to  say 
himself,  an  "overer,"  Mr.  James  became 
keenly  interested  in  the  island  and  its 
history,  so  that,  from  its  earliest  inhabitants 
and  the  origin  of  its  local  names  down  to 
events  in  the  present  century,  nothing 
came  amiss  to  his  pen.  But  it  was  naturally 
in  Carisbrooke  that  his  interest  centred,  and 
it  must  have  been  to  him  peculiarly  gratify- 
ing that  the  excavations  for  the  vicarage 
he  built  there  brought  to  light  a  Roman 
villa.  There  was  the  castle  also,  with  all  its 
memories  of  the  imprisonment  of  Charles  I. 
and  of  past  governors  of  the  island  ;  and, 
above  all,  there  was  the  church  itself,  one 
of  that  "  divided  "  type  in  which  his  friend 
Freeman  delighted,  giving  scope  for  anxious 
speculation  as  to  when  its  chancel  had  been 
pulled  down,  and  by  whom.  In  that 
church  he  had  for  his  predecessor  under 
the  Commonwealth  Alexander  Ross,  the 
Presbyterian,  whose  ponderous  tomes 
were  immortalized  in  'Iludibras';  and, 
best  of  all,  he  was  called  upon  to 
preach  from  a  real  "  Puritan  pulpit," 
erected  in  K>o8,  and  spared,  strange  to 
say,  by  tho  vandal  hand  of  the  "restorer." 
One  cannot  wonder  that  Dean  Stanley, 
preaching  at  the  reopening  of  the  church, 
alluded  to  this  striking  witness  of  tho  past, 
one  of  thoso  which  the  true  arelnvologist 
desires  to  preserve  in  tho  national  Church 
as  a  part  of  the  national  history. 

It  is  owing,  perhaps,  to  these  associations 


that  tho  vicar  recurred  again  and  again  to 
that  strange  period  of  the  Puritun  domina- 
tion, which  the  clergy  usually  prefer  to 
ignore,  but  in  which  he  took  a  keen  inter' 
Y>  '  it  curiously  illustrates  the  difficulty 
that  an  Anglican  clergyman  finds  in  con- 
ceiving a  national  Church  differing  in  its 
doctrines  from  his  own,  that  while  insisting 
that  "tho  Church  itself  was  neither  dis- 
established nor  disendowed,"  he  could 
write  in  another  place  that  "  the  national 
Church  was  disestablished  and  disendowed," 
and  could  even  assert  elsewhere  that,  from 
1645  to  1660, 

"the  Church  had  no  existence,  except  in  the 
persons  of  scattered  and  oppressed  members, 
who  still  clung  to  their  proscribed  faith  and 
liturgy.     The  Church  of  the  Puritans  succeeded 

to  the  silenced  Church  of  England, and  for 

fifteen  years  Puritanism  as  the  established 
religion  of  England  was  supreme." 
The  fact  is  that,  as  he  admits,  the  nation 
did  not  break  off  "  the  ancient  connexion 
between  Church  and  State,"  but  the  national 
Church,  or  Church  of  England  (as  it  still 
styled  itself),  became  for  the  time  Presby- 
terian or  Puritan  (whichever  term  is  pre- 
ferred), just  as  at  the  Reformation  it 
changed,  to  whatever  extent,  its  doctrines. 
But  Anglicans,  while  insisting  on  its  con- 
tinuity, as  the  national  Church,  at  the 
Reformation,  are  unable  to  grasp  its  similar 
continuity  a  century  later.  Yet  even  here 
the  author's  fairness  is  seen  in  his  vindica- 
tion of  the  Puritan  clergy  as  a  whole  from 
the  charge  of  illiteracy  and  low  origin. 

Among  the  curious  out-of-the-way  sub- 
jects on  which  these  letters  touch  is  the 
appearance  among  the  island  saints  of  a 
St.  Urian,  who  seems  traceable  to  the 
diocese  of  Evreux,  and  thence  to  Brittany 
rather  than  to  any  Celtic  survival  in  this 
country.  In  his  papers  on  Quarr  Abbey, 
the  most  important  religious  house  in  the 
island,  Mr.  James  ventured  to  correct  Dug- 
dale  as  to  its  connexion  with  Savigny  ;  but 
he  was  mistaken.  The  house  was  not,  as 
he  imagined,  really  Cistercian  till  the 
"  Order  of  Savigny  "  made  over  its  English 
houses  to  Citeaux.  We  may  say,  in  con- 
clusion, that  these  volumes  will  be  indis- 
pensable to  all  those  who  are  interested  in 
the  history  of  the  island,  as  containing 
information  industriously  collected  from 
scattered  sources.  We  have  no  doubt  that, 
at  the  time  of  their  appearance,  these  letters 
did  excellent  work  in  quickening  local 
interest  in  their  subject. 


Of  the  Decorative  Illustration  of  Books  Old 
and  New.  By  Walter  Crane.  (Bell  &  Sons.) — 
Mr.  Crane  mentions  that  his  book  owes  its 
origin  to  the  three  Cantor  Lectures  which  he 
delivered  before  the  Society  of  Arts  in  1889  ; 
and  though  its  development  has  been  spread 
over  seven  years  it  retains  traces  of  its  source 
in  a  good  deal  of  rhetoric,  which  seems  a  little 
superfluous  and  unbusinesslike  now  that  it  comes 
to  be  read  instead  of  heard.  The  worst  fault, 
indeed,  of  his  book  is  that  it  conveys  so  little 
information.  A  few  rather  disconnected  remarks 
on  illuminated  manuscripts,  a  few  more  on  early 
printed  books,  some  appreciative  criticism  of 
the  book  illustrators  of  our  own  day,  and  an 
abundance  of  pretty  pictures — these  are  the 
contributions  to  his  subject  which  Mr.  Crane's 
work  offers,  and  they  are  hardly  satisfying. 
The  author's  good  taste  keeps  him  right  in  the 
remarks  he  makes  about  individual  books, 
whether  in  print  or  manuscript ;    but  he  DSTW 


N°  3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


189 


traces  out  the  characteristics  of  a  school  or 
comes  to  close  quarters  with  his  subject.  Even 
his  pictures,  pretty  as  they  are,  and,  on  the 
whole,  very  well  reproduced,  fail  in  any  real 
sense  to  illustrate  his  book.  This  is,  no  doubt, 
partly  due  to  the  perversity  with  which,  espe- 
cially in  the  first  fifty  or  sixty  pages,  they  are 
scattered  meaninglessly  over  a  text  with  which 
they  have  nothing  to  do.  But  even  if  this 
were  not  so,  the  failure  would  remain  ;  for  the 
whole  point  of  Mr.  Crane's  book,  and  the  dis- 
tinctive difference  which  separates  it  from  Mr. 
Pennell's  volume  on  '  Modern  Illustrations, 'also 
published  in  the  "Ex-libris  Series,"  is  practically 
ignored.  To  quote  Mr.  Crane's  own  words, 
"purely  graphic  design,  as  such,  unrelated 
to  the  type  and  the  conditions  of  the  page," 
does  not  come  within  his  scope.  Else- 
where, following  Mr.  Morris,  he  rightly 
substitutes  the  double  page  which  a  book 
presents  when  it  is  opened  as  the  unit  into 
which  the  picture  has  to  be  introduced  in 
decorative  harmony  ;  but,  unless  we  are  mis- 
taken, this  unit  is  only  shown  complete  in  one 
of  his  illustrations,  and  there  it  is  spoilt  by  the 
two  pages  not  being  accurately  adjusted.  Title- 
pages,  of  course,  do  not  suffer  so  badly  from 
this  treatment  ;  but  to  reproduce  woodcuts 
divorced  from  the  type  with  which  they  were 
designed  to  harmonize,  and  often  reduced  and 
inserted  into  a  page  quite  different  in  character, 
is  surely  a  violation  of  the  very  theory  which 
Mr.  Crane  upholds.  Nothing  is  more  interest- 
ing in  the  study  of  early  illustrated  books  of 
the  best  period  than  to  mark  how  differences  in 
the  character  of  the  type  are  almost  invariably 
accompanied  by  differences  in  the  technique 
of  the  woodcuts.  Mr.  Crane  is  by  no  means 
ignorant  of  all  this  ;  but  he  has  taken  no  pains 
to  illustrate  it,  and  his  work  is  thus  rather  an 
eclectic  anthology  of  pretty  pictures  with  sym- 
pathetic comments  than  a  serious  treatise. 

M.  Calmann  LeVy  publishes  the  Souvenirs: 
UEnfanee,  of  the  painter  Munkacsy,  with  what 
is  described  as  a  "preface"  by  M.  Boyer  d'Agen, 
and  with  a  most  striking  and  characteristic 
photograph  of  the  painter.  The  so-called  pre- 
face fills  sixty-seven  pages  of  the  little  volume, 
and  is  an  unmeasured  panegyric  on  the  Hun- 
garian painter.  The  recollections  of  childhood 
of  the  author  himself  are  slight,  and  not  of  any 
considerable  interest. 


NEW    PRINTS. 

The  artist's  proof  on  vellum,  one  of  a  hun- 
dred and  fifty  (inclusive  of  a  few  on  Japanese 
paper),  which  we  have  received  from  Messrs. 
Obach  &  Co. ,  is  taken  from  a  plate,  etched  by 
Heer  P.  J.  Arendzen,  after  Frank  Hals's  famous 
life-size,  nearly  three-quarters-length  portrait 
of  4  A  Dutch  Cavalier,'  which  is  now  at  Hertford 
House.  We  congratulate  the  etcher  on  having 
achieved  an  extraordinary  success  in  trans- 
lating his  original  quite  perfectly,  and  repro- 
ducing its  firm  and  perfect  draughtsmanship 
and  Hals's  massive  and  emphatic  touch,  which, 
without  parting  with  the  lucidity  of  oil-paint, 
imparts  to  his  works  the  "  squareness "  of 
mosaics.  Nor  has  he  failed  to  render  the  bril- 
liance of  the  picture,  its  breadth  and  simplicity, 
nor  omitted  any  of  the  delicate  embroideries 
and  laces  the  cavalier  adorned  himself  with.  The 
original,  as  '  The  Laughing  Cavalier,'  was  No.  75 
at  the  Academy  in  1888.  It  is  inscribed,  "  iEta. 
Sua  26  A°.  1624."  The  date  shows  that  the 
work  belongs  to  the  best  period  of  Hals's  art. 

Mr.  Lefevro  has  sent  us  an  artist's  proof  of 
Mr.  J.  C.  Webb's  plate  in  mezzotint  after  Mr. 
John  Charlton's  large  picture  'The  Lost  Fox,' 
a  hunting  scene  in  a  wood,  where  a  party  of 
riders  ask  a  countryman,  "Which  way  has  he 
gone?"  Tiiis  excellent  and  careful  print  does 
justice  to  its  original,  especially  to  the  horses 
and  the  charming  figure  of  the  mounted 
lady  on  our  left,  and  is  intended  as  a  com- 
panion to  '  The  Poisoned  Hound,'  engraved  after 


another  work  of  Mr.  Charlton. — Messrs.  Frost 
&  Reed  send  us  an  artist's  proof  of  Mr.  Scrim- 
shire's  plate  'The  Ferry,'  after  Mr.  E.  M. 
Wimperis's  picture,  representing  a  rapid  stream 
in  a  flat  country,  with  a  church,  trees,  and  a 
farmhouse  on  one  bank,  a  party  disembarking 
on  the  other,  and  overhead  a  heavy  storm  im- 
pending. The  print  is  a  little  sooty,  but 
otherwise  just  to  the  picture,  though  the 
engraver's  touch  is  heavy. 

Mr.  Rowland  Ward  has  sent  us  an  artist's 
proof  of  a  mezzotint  by  M.  E.  Wehrschmidt, 
after  the  portrait  by  Mr.  Lowes  Dickinson  of 
Mr.  F.  C.  Selous.  It  was  executed  during  Mr. 
Selous's  visit  to  England  in  1885,  and  presented 
to  Rugby  School  by  the  late  Tom  Hughes.  As 
is  always  the  case  with  Mr.  Dickinson's  portraits, 
the  picture  is  an  undeniable  likeness,  well  and 
solidly  painted.  The  traveller  stands  in  full 
light  fronting  us  ;  he  wears  a  brown  felt  hat  on 
his  head,  and  his  right  hand  grasps  the  barrel 
of  his  rifie.  Characteristically,  he  wears  no  shirt 
collar  ;  the  shirt  is  open  at  the  neck,  and  the 
coat  hangs  loose  on  the  shoulders.  All  Mr. 
Selous's  admirers  ought  to  be  grateful  to  Mr. 
Dickinson  for  this  portrait. 

Rossetti,  a  good  likeness-taker,  and,  when 
he  chose  to  do  his  best,  a  beautiful  draughts- 
man, engaged  Browning  to  sit  to  him  in  1855, 
when  their  friendship  was  still  in  its  first  glow 
after  he  had  discovered  the  author  of  '  Pauline,' 
and  listened  to  those  enchantments  of  '  Bells 
and  Pomegranates  '  which  had  so  prodigious  an 
influence  upon  him  and  the  inner  circle  of  his 
friends.  The  portrait  which  he  took  on  this 
occasion  is  a  head  only  in  three-quarters  view 
to  our  right,  with  the  eyes  in  the  same  direc- 
tion and  the  lips  slightly  set.  It  is  bright  in 
colour,  clear  and  pure  in  its  tonality  on  a  green 
ground,  and  it  measures  4  in.  by  nearly  5  in. ; 
it  hung  in  the  painter's  studio  until  his  death. 
It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  C.  Fairfax 
Murray.  Of  this  noteworthy  work  the  Auto- 
type Company  has  sent  us  an  autogravure  re- 
production, of  the  same  size,  and,  except  that 
it  is  a  little  dark,  a  very  desirable  version. 

From  the  Berlin  Photographic  Company  we 
have  a  second  instalment  of  those  admirable 
reproductions  from  pictures  at  the  Hermitage, 
St.  Petersburg,  the  first  group  of  which  we 
have  already  noticed.  As  transcripts,  those  now 
before  us  surpass  their  forerunners,  and  we 
know  no  version  of  that  masterpiece  'The  Jewish 
Bride '  of  Rembrandt  (No.  812),  etched,  en- 
graved, or  otherwise  made,  which  approaches 
the  one  now  before  us.  Indeed  only  the  obscurity 
of  the  darker  masses  mars  the  fidelity  of  the 
rendering  of  the  gladness  of  the  girl's  features, 
the  modelling  of  her  hands,  the  lucidity  of  the 
tones  of  her  dress,  and  the  wonderfully  finished 
embroideries  upon  it.  Almost  as  welcome  is 
the  portrait  of  Jeremias  de  Decker  (827)  in  a 
tall  Dutch  hat,  which  casts  a  shadow  with  its 
broad  rim  upon  his  upper  features,  but  leaves 
such  wealth  of  light  upon  his  cheek  and  nose  as 
only  Rembrandt  ever  painted.  This  transcript 
gives  an  admirable  idea  of  Rembrandt's  insight 
into  his  sitters,  his  searching,  though  recon- 
dite sense  of  humour,  and  his  incomparable 
technique.  The  'Portrait  of  Sobieski  '(?),  which 
is  No.  811  in  the  Hermitage,  represents  to  the 
life  the  truculent  worthy,  also  in  a  fur  coat 
and  lofty  cap,  who  stares  defiantly  at  succeeding 
generations.  Rembrandt's  '  Meeting  of  David 
and  Absolom  '  (1777)  — both  of  them  dressed  in 
Turkish  garments,  with  a  Romanesque  cathedral 
in  the  background  !  — barring  the  darkness  we 
have  mentioned,  is  quite  a  wonder  in  its  way. 
When  Rubens  painted  the  '  Meeting  of  Perseus 
and  Andromeda'  (552)  he  introduced  ,i  most 
magnificent  Pegasus,  a  piebald  charger.  The 
reproduction  is  so  complete  that  the  hatching 
with  opaque  pigments  of  Rubens's  brush  over  the 

thin  Under-paint  is  easily  seen  and  understood, 
while  tho  modelling  and  the  drawing  leave 
nothing  to  bo  desired,  from  the  sweeping 
touches  used  in  delineating  Pegasus's  near  hoof 


to  the  treatment  (one  of  the  most  scientific 
examples  of  forthright  handling  that  we  know 
of)  of  the  steed's  expanded  wings  and 
flowing  mane.  Even  the  marks  of  corrected 
outlines  are  discoverable  throughout,  and 
another  good  point  is  the  exact  reproduction 
of  the  soft  brilliance  of  the  carnations 
of  the  somewhat  obese  Andromeda.  Almost 
as  good  in  the  last  -  named  particular  is  the 
flesh  of  the  Child  in  Rubens's  '  Madonna  and 
Child '  (1704).  Finally,  the  print  before  us 
of  Van  Dyck's  '  Susanna  Fourment  and 
her  Daughter  Catherine '  (635)  deserves  high 
praise.  This  is  the  famous  group  from  the 
Choiseul  Gallery,  formerly,  but  wrongly,  sup- 
posed to  represent  Helena  Fourment,  the  second 
wife  of  Rubens,  a  niece  of  Isabella  Brandt,  his 
first  wife. 

THE  ROYAL  ACADEMY. — WINTER  EXHIBITION. 
LORD  LEIGHTON'S  PICTURES. 
(Second  Notice.) 
Having  criticized  what  we  have  ventured  to 
call  the  tentative  pictures  in  this  exhibition,  we 
proceed  to  examine  the  best  of  those  which  stand 
pretty  much  on  one  level.  No.  1,  Moreno,  of  which, 
by  the  way,  there  is  a  good  engraving,  is  the  bust 
of  a  brunette  of  a  rich  golden-bronze  hue,  such  as 
Leighton  loved  to  paint,  in  whose  bronze-black 
(not  blue-black)  hair  is  set  a  dark  red  flower. 
These  tints  are  rendered  more  powerful  by  the 
contrast  afforded  by  the  greyish  white  of  the  frill 
about  her  throat.  The  prophet-green  of  the 
background  is  delicately  harmonized  with  the 
flesh  and  tresses,  and  the  modelling  of  the  flesh  is 
as  charming  as  it  is  broad,  simple,  and  refined. 
Noteworthy,  too,  are  the  firmness  and  precision 
of  the  touch  with  which  the  forms  of  the  lips  and 
nostrils  are  depicted.  In  the  half-length  Portrait 
of  Mrs.  F.  P.  Cockerell  (3)  the  flesh  painting  is 
of  nearly  equal  value,  although  the  lady  is  a 
pure  and  brilliant  English  blonde,  with  light 
brown  hair,  dressed  in  bright  white  silk  with 
black  trimmings.  A  dark  blue  flower  in  her 
bosom  serves  to  complete  the  gay  and  homoge- 
neous colour  scheme  of  Leighton's  devising — just 
as  Moretta's  red  flower  served  in  her  portrait. 
Here  the  modelling  of  the  flesh  and  the  drawing 
(the  visitor  who  can  draw  will  fully  appreciate  the 
execution  of  Mrs.  Cockerell's  black  trimmings) 
are  delicate  beyond  praise,  but  the  touch  is 
broader.  On  the  other  hand,  The  Vestal  (4)  illus- 
trates some  of  the  weaknesses  of  Leighton's 
sentiment  (it  might  almost  be  called  senti- 
mentality), and  also  of  his  technique,  which  in 
this  case  is  almost  feeble.  Begun  in  the  last 
month  of  the  artist's  life,  it  remains  unfinished, 
and  should  be  compared  with  the  other  Jrextal 
(16)  of  1883  (the  original  of  a  very  popular  print), 
a  beautiful  damsel,  whose  forms,  however,  are 
English  rather  than  antique,  and  who  wears, 
instead  of  a  veil,  a  fine  piece  of  white  Indian 
embroidery.  No.  16  is,  in  short,  a  very  choice 
exercise  in  white,  and  the  tones  are  delicate  and 
silvery  ;  but  we  care  little  for  its  sentiment. 

Weaving  the  Wreath  (6)  belongs  to  a  class  of 
studies  in  colour  and  pure,  strong,  and  soft 
rather  than  brilliant  light,  combined  with  really 
classical  grace  and  types  of  physical  beauty  which 
are  less  eclectic  than  those  Leighton  mostly 
affected.  The  silvery  lights  upon  her  dress 
as  well  as  its  local  colour  assort  finely  with 
the  bronze  like  inner  gold  of  her  flesh.  The  dark 
green  of  the  bay-leaves  she  is  binding  together 
is  charming  to  those  who  enjoy  its  relationship 
to  the  pale  amber  of  her  tunic,  while  the  deep 
tones  of  the  figure  and  her  very  dark  blue 
dress  are  most  beautifully  relieved  against 
the  warm  and  somewhat  rosy  white  of  the 
marble  wall  behind  her.  We  could  hardly  praise 
No.  (I  more  highly  than  by  saying  that  it  is  a 
work  quite  in  Mr.  Alma  Tadema's  vein  ;  but 
it  possesses  greater  breadth  of  tone  and   the 

coloration  is  simpler. 

Browning  pronounced  Hercules  wrestling  with 
Death  (7) 

Worthy  t'1  sot  up  in  our  l'oikilo, 


100 


T  II  K     A  T  II  KN;K  T  M 


N  3615,  I'i  b\  6.  '97 


and  perhaps  sir  Bernhard  Samuelson,  to  wln.ni 
it  belongs,  will  take  1 1 1 » -  hint,  and  bestow  the 
picture  on  the  public  gallery  which  is  unfor- 
tunately being  erected  in  the  damp,  smoky, 
and  dreary  region  on  tin'  banks  of  the  Than 
Tho  design  Buffers  signally  from  ita  associa- 
tion with  1 1 1  ■  -  conventionalities  of  the  Greek 
drama,  In  spits  «»f  the  beauty  <>f  many  of 
its  elements,  especially  of  the  colour  scheme, 
it  sadly  lacks  spontaneity,  and  the  art  of  the 
composition  (s  group  of  but  too  well-balanced 
members)    is    not    artful    enough    to   conceal 

itself,   being,    indeed,   much  less  masterly   than 

is  usual  with  Leighton,  who  generally  was  an 

admirable  composer,  except  when  he  was  dealing 

with  a  scene  on  the  stage,  as  in  No.  G2,  where 
Count  Paris  visits  the  seemingly  dead  Juliet. 
The  symmetry  of  the  parts  of  No.  7,  no  less  than 
the  too  great  emphasis  of  its  passion  and  the 
exaggeration  of  the  expressions,  is  much  too 
obvious.  Tho  colour  scheme,  fine  as  it  is,  is  too 
Bolognese,  to  say  nothing  about  its  not  har- 
monizing with  anything  Greek.  The  artist 
was,  as  we  have  said,  hampered  by  the  drama- 
tized form  of  his  theme. 

So  far,  we  have  mostly  considered  Leighton  as 
acolourist  and  designer,  but  we  have  said  nothing 
of  his  dexterity  in  turning  to  account  those  re- 
sources which  the  felicitous  imitation  of  nature, 
especially  of  textures  and  their  varying  brilliancy 
and  tones,  provides.  Mrs.  G.  Holt's  small  whole- 
length  of  a  little  girl,  which  is  rather  timidly 
called  a  Study  (8),  furnishes  ample  proofs  that 
he  did  not  lack  skill  in  methods  of  which 
Rubens  is  the  great  master.  It  is  quite 
true  that  this  is  a  sort  of  side  issue, 
but  we  ought  not  to  omit  it,  particu- 
larly as  Leighton's  position  as  a  kind  of 
arch  -  eclectic  by  no  means  implied  that 
he  ought  to  attempt  to  excel  as  a  realist. 
Nevertheless,  the  child's  rose-coloured  satin  is 
not  only  refined  in  colour,  but  it  is  among 
the  most  faithful  pieces  of  painting  per  se 
that  we  know  of.  Its  colour  harmonizes  most 
delightfully  with  the  dark  blue  hanging  behind 
the  figure,  and  in  that  respect  the  picture  may 
be  classed  with  'Weaving  the  Wreath.'  The 
spiritual  rapture  which  Invocation  (9)  expresses 
owes  not  a  little  to  the  singularly  able  manner 
in  which  the  artist  contrived  to  combine  so  much 
of  realism  as  he  cared  to  employ  with  his  colour- 
scheme  and  the  attitude  of  the  tall,  pale  virgin 
who  stands  before  us  with  both  her  arms 
upraised.  In  raising  her  arms  on  high  she  has 
lifted  a  part  of  her  white  robe.  This  being  semi- 
transparent,  and  the  strong  daylight  coming 
from  the  sky  above  the  roofless  interior  of 
the  temple,  a  sort  of  halo  is  formed  round 
her  head,  while  her  features  are  chiefly 
illuminated  by  light  reflected  from  the 
front  of  the  picture,  doubtless  by  the  white 
marble  wall  which  encloses  the  shrine.  This 
reflected  light  imparts  a  singular  charm  to 
the  wan  and  almost  statuelike  countenance  of 
the  virgin,  and  the  purplish  hue  of  her  pallid 
lips  is  as  true  to  the  motive  of  the  subject 
as  the  greyish  -  blucness  of  her  eyes.  In- 
tense as  the  expression  of  her  features 
is,  their  ecstasy  impresses  us  all  the  more 
because  the  artist  has  adopted  natural  means 
to  enhance  the  mystical  aspect  of  the  subject. 
In  fact,  eclectic  as  he  was,  Leighton  seldom 
employed  so  much  realism  as  in  this  case  ;  and 
he  never  used  it  with  more  success.  The  fine 
drawing  and  modelling  of  the  maiden's  face,  it 
may  be  added,  redeem  the  more  than  question- 
able draughtsmanship  of  her  arms  and  their  by 
no  means  perfect  proportions. 

Mr.  Aitchison's  life-size  bust  of  a  dark-haired 
lioman  Mother  (11)  is  a  study  from  the  life, 
more  than  usually  masculine  for  Leighton,  and  in 
its  broad  style  and  emphatic  touch  offerings  sharp 
contrast  to  the  subtlety  of  'Invocation,'  where 
every  element  at  the  command  of  the  artist  has 
been  pressed  into  his  service.  " Hit!  "  (18)  is 
a  late  picture,  but  the  insight  of  the  designer  is 
thoroughly    isnifest  in  the  attitude  and  features 


of  the  pupil,  who,  though  delighted  with  his  own 
success,  is  still  surprised  by  it  The  composi- 
tion is  most  happy,  but  the  figure  and  propor- 
tions of  the  man  are  less  true  than  those  of  the 
youngster.  The  hitter  is  a  tirst-rate  instance  of 
the  learning,  sympathy,  and  accomplishments 
which  the  President  brought  to  bear  on  painting 
adolescent  figures. 

The  An&iqut  Juggling  ffiri  (15),  well  known 
by  a  charming  print,  is  not  felicitously  named, 
because  the  beautiful  nude  girl  who  stands 
before  us  in  front  view  is  not,  in  the  proper 
sense  of  the  word,  juggling.  Although  it  may  be 
hypercritical  to  demur  to  the  drawing  of  her  face, 
it  is  not  excessive  praise  to  say  that  the  toning 
of  her  delicate  carnations,  shown  as  they  are 
in  a  sort  of  half  shadow,  and  opposed  to  the 
lighter  and  warmer  curtain  behind  her,  is  as 
charming  as  it  is  subtle.  Nor  in  the  drawing  and 
modelling  of  her  figure  is  there  any  fault  to  be 
found,  except  that  her  right  ankle  seems  a  little 
thick,  while  her  right  hand  is  certainly  too 
large.  It  hardly  requires  the  knowledge  of  an 
artist  rightly  to  perceive  the  beauty  of  her 
shoulders,  her  virginal  bust,  and  the  elegance  of 
her  flanks  and  lower  limbs.  Here  Leighton 
profited  by  those  studies  of  the  [antique  which 
he  never  neglected,  but  which  some  people 
in  our  day  pretend  to  undervalue,  although, 
in  fact,  all  they  know  about  them  is  that 
they  are  difficult  and  also  stringent  tests  of  taste. 
Of  course,  one  of  the  greatest  tasks  imposed  upon 
the  painter's  skill  was  to  succeed  in  placing  the 
nude  figure — standing  in  a  half  shadow  as  it  is, 
and  yet  distinct  in  light  reflected  from  the  front 
and  of  no  great  strength  (in  this  differing  from  the 
face  of  the  devotee  in  '  Invocation  ')— so  that, 
without  positive  shadows  on  any  part,  it  appears 
solid  and  round,  and  is  not  "cut  up"  nor 
harshly  defined  against  the  lighter  background, 
and  yet  there  is  no  sacrifice  of  the  golden  and 
rosy  tints  of  the  youthful  flesh. 

The  almost  sculpturesque  features  and  stately 
form  of  Corinna  of  Tanagra  (17)  show  how- 
great  attention  Leighton  had  devoted  to  those 
noble  types  of  Greek  sculpture  which  may  be 
attributed  to  the  year  480  B.C.  and  there- 
abouts, and  which  were  more  lifelike  than  the 
architectonic  conventions  of  such  buildings 
as  the  Parthenon— whether  earlier  or  later 
matters  not  —  permitted  the  artists  of  that 
epoch  to  employ.  Apart  from  this,  the  look  of 
the  poetess  is*  somewhat  stern  and  majestic, 
and  the  grandeur  of  her  aspect,  apart  from  the 
self-control  which  the  entire  figure  and,  still 
more,  the  face  emphasize,  is  quite  worthy  of 
Leighton's  Greek  models.  In  fact,  this  is  one  of 
his  most  successful  exercises  in  style,  a  most 
precious  element  of  art,  which  it  has  been  truly 
said  that  he  cultivated  with  greater  zeal  and 
had  more  knowledge  of  than  most  men  in  this 
country,  or,  for  that  matter,  on  the  Continent 
either.  The  coloration  is  excellent,  especially 
the  face,  and  the  intensely  blue-black  hair  and 
the  reddish  amber  of  the  robe  which  falls  about 

her 

In  great  folds  and  laps  of  sculptor's  work. 

Mrs.  Leathart's  David  (18),  a  work  nearly 
thirty  years  earlier  than  '  Corinna,'  and  yet 
not,  relatively  speaking,  belonging  to  Leighton's 
youth,  serves  to  show  the  artist's  power  of 
dealing  with  real,  not  theatrical  tragedy.  The 
design  is  as  complete  as  it  is  pathetic,  its 
purpose  being  expressed  by  the  simplest  means: 
the  single  figure  clad  in  the  darkest,  most  mourn- 
ful blue,  not  only  harmonizes  with,  but  forms  a 
mass  with,  the  lurid  greyness  and  impressive 
gloom  of  the  enormous  clouds  which,  as  they 
roll  apart,  reveal  the  splendid  sunset,  which 
gives  expression  to  the  otherwise  aimless 
flight  of  the  doves,  and  is  the  only 
brilliant  element  in  the  colour  and  tone 
schemes.  lb-re,  as  we  have  already  seen  in 
Other  instances  of  Leighton's  ability  to  grasp 
the  whole  of  his  themes,  everything  is  made 
to  subserve  the  expression  of  the  motive  of  the 
design  ;  there  is  not  a  superfluous  feature  ;  even 


the  fact  that  David  has  taken  off  his  crown 
and    placed    it   at    his    feet     helps    the    pail.' 

purpose   without   in   tin-   V  tee   intruding 

upon  the   majestic  iiioumfulness  of  his  picture. 

[19),  which,  intentionally    or   by  a 

happy  chance,  hangs  next  to  '  Dt\ id,' displays 

(piite  a  different  lids  of    the  President's  poW< 
It    is   an    idjl    as   delightful   and    blithe   as  it  is 
pure,  while,   as  1-  iy  element  is  adapted 

to  the  ruling  motive  of  the  whole,  from  tho 
glowing  sunlight  of  the  landscape  background 
to  the  bright  and  rich  light  green  of  the  elder 
girl's  dress.  Every  one  will  admire  the  taste 
and  bkill  which  not  only  selected  the  colour 
of  this  dress,  but  adapted  it  so  delicately  to 
the  contours  of  the  gill's  shoulders,  bust, 
and  waist,  and  thus  at  once  expressed  the 
suppleness  and  the  grace  of  her  figure.  The 
vivacity  and  pretty  imperiousness  of  the  child 
who  caresses  her  are  as  happily  rendered  as  her 
own  tender  and  willing  submission. 

The  large  and  ambitious Cymon  and  Iphigenia 
(20),  now  belonging  to  Mr.  Quilter,  was  painted 
more  than  twelve  years  ago,  and  we  described 
it  at  some  length  as  it  stood  on  the  easel  in 
Kensington  before  it  was  sent  to  the  Academy 
of  1884.  It  stood  there  alone  then,  and 
was  the  most  important  work  Leighton 
had  finished  since  the  '  Daphnephoria 
of  187G.  We  have  now,  alas  1  to  consider 
it  with  regard  to  the  whole  of  his  life's 
labours.  Always  reckoning  '  Daphnephoria  '  as 
his  masterpiece,  we  are  disposed  to  place  Mr. 
Quilter's  picture  next  to  it,  for  the  harmony  of 
the  subject  and  its  treatment  is  more  distinctly 
manifest  than  in  most  of  the  works  we  have 
already  noticed.  The  fair  huntress  forms  the 
central  point  of  the  composition.  She  is  from 
head  to  foot  flushed  in  rosy  light,  and  this 
circumstance  emphasizes  the  abandon  of  her 
attitude.  Her  companions,  clad  in  darker 
draperies  ;  the  figure  of  Cymon,  dressed 
in  dark  red  and  closely  wrapped  in  his 
mantle  ;  the  dim  landscape  beyond,  the 
low  ridges  of  which  catch  the  first  rays  of  the 
just-risen  moon,  are  all  employed,  not  only 
to  help  the  chiaroscuro  of  the  picture,  but  to 
aid  in  the  expression  of  a  fine  design  which 
thus  becomes  homogeneous  and  complete. 
As  a  piece  of  painting  per  se  the  figure  of 
Iphigenia  may  challenge  comparison  with  any 
of  Leighton's  achievements  of  the  same 
sort  ;  the  brush  power  employed  on  the 
overhanging  foliage  of  the  tree  behind  the 
sleeper  is  exemplary  ;  the  way  in  which  the 
enormous  disc  of  the  newly  rising  moon 
emerges  above  the  level  horizon  of  the  sea, 
is  a  most  impressive  point,  and  worthy  of 
Leighton  at  his  best  ;  it  is,  too,  a  capital  in- 
stance of  his  ability  to  use  natural  phenomena 
to  suit  his  purpose,  and  almost  equal  in  value 
to  those  vast  cloud  masses,  flushed  by  sunset, 
that  impart  so  much  grandeur  to  the  picture  of 
Clytic  (22)  which  hangs  close  by. 


Jhu-^rt  gossip. 

Ox  the  18th  inst.  there  will  be  a  meeting  of 
members  of  the  Old  Society  of  Painters  in 
Water  Colours  in  order  to  elect  new  members 
and  associates  of  the  body. 

Msssbs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  sold  on 
the  30th  ult.  the  following  pictures:  Sir  J. 
Reynolds,  'Lady  Charlotte  Johnstone,'  110/.; 
W.  Peters,  '  An  Angel  taking  the  Spirit  of  a 
Child  to  Heaven,'  loM.  ;  Lucas  van  Leyden, 
'  The  Adoration  of  the  Magi,'  2'MI. 

\Yr.  are  glad  to  learn  that,  despite  the  desire 
of  the  local  authorities  to  widen  part  of  Bow 
Road  by  demolishing  Bow  Church,  it  has  been 
decided  not  to  entertain  the  proposal  to  that 
effect. 

THS  interesting  collection  (unique  of  its  kind) 
of  antiquities  formed  by  the  late  Rev.  Montague 
Tavlor,  exhibited  at  South  Kensington  in  1862, 
and  more  recently  at   the  Burlington  Fine-Arts 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


191 


Club,  will  shortly  be  offered  for  sale  at  auction 
by  Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods. 

A  Correspondent  writes  :  — 

"There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  Peterborough  contemplate  pulling  down 
and  rebuilding  the  central  and  southern  gable  of  the 
west  front  of  Peterborough  Cathedral  in  addition  to 
the  northern  gable,  which  has  been  already  removed. 
With  this  end  in  view,  the  Dean  and  Chapter  have 
invited  the  members  of  Council  of  the  Royal  Insti- 
tute of  British  Architects  to  inspect  the  works  in 
progress  at  the  west  front,  although  they  refused  to 
allow  a  deputation  from  the  Society  for  the  Protec- 
tion of  Ancient  Buildings  to  have  access  to  the 
building  for  the  purpose  of  taking  particulars  for  a 
specification  of  works  necessary  for  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  north  gable.  The  Institute  of  Architects, 
as  a  body,  look  favourably  on  works  of  restoration, 
and  as  no  fewer  than  seven  members  of  the  Council, 
together  with  the  President,  Mr.  Geo.  Aitchison,  and 
four  vice-presidents,  have  presented  an  address  to 
Mr.  Pearson,  the  architect  to  the  Chapter,  it  is  not 
difficult  to  surmise  the  object  of  the  Dean  and 
Chapter's  invitation  to  the  Institute  and  the  pro- 
bable outcome  of  the  visit  of  the  Council  to  Peter- 
borough." 

If  the  Dean  and  Chapter  imagine  that  any  value 
attaches  to  the  pronouncements  of  the  hetero- 
geneous body  that  meets  in  Conduit  Street, 
they  most  egregiously  mistake.  The  editor  of 
the  Builder,  no  doubt  having  given  assurance  of 
being  an  advocate  of  destruction,  has  also,  it 
seems,  been  "admitted  to  view." 

A  new  picture  by  one  or  more  of  that  com- 
posite group  of  painters  we  recognize  under  the 
name  of  Lenain  has  been  added  to  the  Louvre. 
It  is  the  gift  of  M.  Stephane  Bourgeois.  It 
hangs  near  Poussin's  '  Ravissement  de  St.  Paul,' 
and  represents  a  'Reunion  de  Famille.' 

At  Athens  the  excavations  of  the  Greek 
Archaeological  Society  on  the  northern  slopes 
of  the  Acropolis  have  brought  to  light  some 
steps  cut  in  the  rock,  leading  to  the  Acropolis 
itself,  through  a  small  entrance  known  since 
1885.  This  is  the  lower  part  of  the  staircase 
which  was  used  by  the  Arrhephoroi  for  their 
descent  from  the  Acropolis  to  the  city  during 
the  Panathenaic  feasts,  and  by  which  the 
Persians,  according  to  Herodotus,  crept  up  to 
the  citadel. 

The  International  Art  Exhibition,  which  is 
to  take  place  this  year  at  Copenhagen,  will  be 
the  first  of  the  kind  ever  held  in  Scandinavia. 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

Quran's  Hai.l.— The  New  Symphony  Concerts. 
Si  James's  Ham,.— Monday  Popular  Concerts. 
Oarkick  Theatre.— '  The  Valkyrie.' 

There  is  already  but  little  doubt  that  the 
new  series  of  Symphony  Concerts,  inaugu- 
rated by  Mr.  Robert  Newman  at  the  Queen's 
Hall  last  Saturday  afternoon,  will  become 
a  success  artistically  and  substantially, 
for  the  room  was  quite  full,  a  circum- 
stance probably  without  parallel  at  the 
first  of  a  series  of  orchestral  performances. 
Opportunity  was  taken  to  introduce  Alex- 
ander Glazounoffs  Symphony  in  b  flat, 
No.  5,  Op.  55.  The  music  of  this  compara- 
tively young  Russian  composer,  who  was 
born  at  St.  Petersburg  in  1865,  is  not 
altogether  unknown  hero,  fortwo  of  his  suites 
have  been  heard,  and  perhaps  minor  pieces. 
The  Symphony  in  1$  flat  is  one  of  his 
latest  offorts,  for  it  was  composed  in 
1805,  and  published  last  year.  There 
is  littlo  distinctively  Russian  in  tho  first 
three  movements,  but  there  is  much 
Wagner,  and  somothing  of  Mendelssohn 
and  Dvorak.  Ear  more  of  Gf-lazounoff's 
nationality  is  displayed  in  the  fiery  and 
barbaric  finaU,  with  its  strongly  marked 
rhythm  and  strenuous  orchestration.     An- 


other symphony  by  the  same  composer  is 
to  be  produced  at  one  of  the  forthcoming 
Philharmonic  Concerts.  Much  of  last 
Saturday's  programme  was  devoted  to 
Schubert,  the  items  including  the  Unfinished 
Symphony  in  b  minor,  the  Overture  and 
Entr'acte  in  b  flat  from  the  'Rosamunde' 
music,  all  superbly  played  by  Mr.  Henry 
Wood's  orchestra,  and  three  songs  well 
rendered  by  Mr.  Watkin  Mills. 

Schubert  was  again  prominent  at  last 
Monday's  Popular  Concert,  the  programme 
commencing  with  the  splendid  Quartet  in  g, 
too  rarely  performed,  owing  to  the  greater 
popularity  of  tho  companion  work  in  d 
minor,  which,  though  exceedingly  fine,  is  on 
the  whole  inferior  to  the  work  in  g.  Per- 
haps its  "heavenly  length"  is  against  it, 
but  it  can  never  be  heard  without  a  feeling 
of  intense  admiration.  Still  greater  is  the 
String  Quintet  in  c,  Op.  163,  composed  in 
the  last  year  of  the  composer's  life,  and  by 
some  regarded  as  the  finest  piece  of  chamber 
music  ever  written.  The  combination  of  in- 
struments— that  is  to  say,  two  violins,  viola, 
and  two  violoncellos — is  singularly  effective, 
and  the  magnificent  work  was  perfectly 
interpreted  by  Lady  Halle  and  her  usual 
associates.  Songs  were  contributed  with 
commendable  taste  by  Miss  Bertha  Salter, 
whose  contralto  voice  is  steadily  developing. 

The  performance  of  Wagner's  'Valkyrie' 
in  English  by  the  Carl  Rosa  Company  at 
the  Garrick  Theatre  was  extremely  credit- 
able, although  Wagner's  score  was  sadly 
mutilated.  Miss  Alice  Esty  sang  and  acted 
charmingly  as  Sieglinde,  Mr.  Hedmondt 
was  quite  as  praiseworthy  as  Siegmund, 
and  Mr.  Ludwig  could  not  have  been  easily 
surpassed  as  Wotan.  The  Brunnhilde  was 
Mile.  Rita  Elandi,  perfectly  capable  as  a 
vocalist,  but  scarcely  possessed  of  the 
physique  for  such  a  part.  Miss  Kirkby 
Lunn  as  Fricka  and  Mr.  A.  S.  Winkworth 
as  Hunding  did  well,  and  there  was  very 
little  fault  to  find  with  the  general  perform- 
ance under  Herr  Richard  Eckhold.  The 
stage  amingements,  nevertheless,  were  far 
from  being  equal  to  Wagner's  directions. 


It  seems  that  the  projected  autumnal  series 
of  Philharmonic  Concerts  are  arranged  for 
the  same  Thursday  evenings  which  are  occupied 
by  the  Henschel  performances.  This  clashing 
should  be  avoided  if  arrangements  can  be  made 
to  that  effect. 

Mlle.  Giulia  Ravogli  has  been  studying 
oratorio  under  Miss  Anna  Williams,  and  will 
appear  at  the  Chester  Festival  in  the  forth- 
coming summer  in  '  Elijah  '  and  Dvorak's 
'Stabat  Mater.' 

The  next  series  of  concerts  by  the  Musical 
Guild  are  fixed  for  Tuesday  evenings,  Febru- 
ary nth  and  23rd  and  March  !>th  and  16th,  at 
the  Kensington  Town  Hall. 

Mb.  Frederic  Lamond's  third  pianoforte 
recital  at  St.  James's  Hall  on  Tuesday  afternoon 
was  very  sparsely  attended,  and  it  is  somewhat 
curious  that  a  Scottish  pianist  so  richly  gifted 
should  be  ill  supported.  Most  certainly  Mr. 
Lamond's  rendering  of  Schumann's  Fantasia  in 
0,  Op.  17,  could  not  have  been  easily  surpassed 
for  sentiment,  fluency,  and  intellectual  feeling. 
There  was,  however,  rather  too  much  of  the 
virtuoso  as  opposed  to  the  artistic  element  in 
the  scheme. 

Wb desire  to  call  attention  again  to  the  Music 
Section  of  the  Victorian  Loan  Exhibition  to  be 


held  at  the  Crystal  Palace  from  May  until  Sep- 
tember next.  In  addition  to  the  exhibits  and 
in  indirect  connexion  with  the  Handel  Festival 
there  are  to  be  festivals  of  choral  societies, 
school  celebrations,  and  various  concerts  of 
British  music,  vocal  and  instrumental. 

A  great  success  has  been  won  by  Miss  Muriel 
Elliot,  the  very  clever  young  English  pianist,  in 
Berlin,  where  she  has  given  within  the  last  few 
weeks  an  orchestral  concert  (at  which  she  played 
three  concertos)  and  also  two  recitals.  English 
music  and  musicians  seem  to  be  making  steady 
progress  in  the  Fatherland. 

Mr.  Leonard  Borwick  had  the  misfortune 
to  lose  his  father  by  sudden  death  last  week. 
Mr.  Borwick  is  perhaps  the  most  gifted  of  English 
living  pianists,  and  his  sad  bereavement  will  be 
much  regretted  by  his  many  friends. 

The  London  branch  of  the  United  Wagner 
Society  announces  that  it  must  diminish  its 
labours  during  the  present  year,  owing  to  the 
decreasing  number  of  members.  A  conver- 
sazione can,  therefore,  not  be  promised,  and 
funds  are  requested  for  the  completion  of  the 
issue  of  the  master's  prose,  which,  it  is  calcu- 
lated, will  extend  to  the  end  of  1899.  To  this 
extent  the  Society  may  fulfil  a  useful  mission  ; 
after  that  it  may  properly  dissolve,  for  Wagner 
needs  no  more  advocating  in  art  circles.  His 
many-sided  genius  is  now  fully  recognized  in 
every  direction. 

A  concert  is  to  be  given  on  the  1st  of  May 
in  the  Queen's  Hall,  in  aid  of  the  Caxton  Con- 
valescent Home  at  Limpsfield.  1,000L  is 
required  to  free  the  home  from  debt. 

Handel's  oratorio  'Hercules,'  which  has  not 
been  performed  in  London  for  many  years,  was 
given  for  the  first  time  recently  at  Leipzig  by 
the  Riedel  Verein,  the  version  rendered  being 
that  of  the  well-known  Handelian  scholar  Dr. 
Chrysander,  who  has  done  so  much  in  the 
interests  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  master's  works. 

So  many  Schubert  Centenary  celebrations 
have  been  given  during  the  past  few  days  that 
reference  to  them  all  would  be  impossible.  It 
may  be  said  here,  however,  that  the  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  Viennese  composer's  birth 
has  been  worthily  kept  in  many  places  where 
during  his  life  he  was  scarcely  known. 


Mon. 

TllES. 


Wed. 

THUH! 


FBI. 

Sat. 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT   WEEK. 
Orchestral  Concert.  3  110.  Queen's  Hall. 
National  Sunday  League.  'The  Creation.'  7,  Queen's  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7  30. 
Popular  Concert.  8.  St.  James's  Hall 
Mr  P.  Lamond's  Pianoforte  Recital.  3,  St  James's  Hall. 
Stock  Exchange  Orchestral  Society's  Concert    8,  Urn-en's  Hall. 
Musical  Guild  Concert  8,  Kensington  Town  Hall. 
Rallad  Concert,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 

Royal  Amateur  Orcnest  ral  Society's  Concert.  S,  Queen's  Hall. 
Mr  Gompert/'s  Concert,  8  15,  Queen's  Hall 
,  Royal  Academy  of  Mumc  Organ  Recital,  3,  Queen  s  Hall. 
Mr.  Frank  Oliver's  Concert,  8  Queen's  Hall 
The  Strolling  Players'  Orchestral  Concert.  8  30,  Queen's  Hall. 
Royal  Choral  Society,  '  Elijah,' Albert  Hal! 
Hampstead  Popular  Concert.  8.  Vestry  Hall.  Haverstock  Hill. 
Miss  Eleanor  King  s  Concert.  8.  Stcinvtay  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  3.  St.  James's  Hall 
London  Rallad  Concert.  :t.  Queen's  Hall. 
Madame  Else  Hathis's  Concert.  3,  Queens  Small  Hall. 
Mr   Michael  Railing's  Lecture  and  Recital  on  the  Viola  Alta. 

7  SO,  No   20,  Hanover  Square 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Lyceum. — Revival  of  Wills'a  '  Olivia.' 

Olympic—'  The  Free  Pardon,1  a  Drama  in  Four  Acts,   P.y 
F.  C.  Philips  and  Leonard  Merrick. 

It  is  always  pleasant  to  welcome  a  revival 
of  the  ■  Olivia '  of  W.  G.  Wills.  That  work 
furnishes  an  admirablo  instance  of  adapta- 
tion, is  very  touching  and  pathetic,  and 
supplies  Miss  Terry  as  the  heroine  with 
one  of  her  best  characters,  if  nol  the  best 
character  in  which  she  has  been  Been. 
Since  it  was  first  producer]  at  the  Courl 
Theatre,  March  30th,  1878,  it  has  been 
frequently  given,  and  always  with  Miss 
Terry  as  Olivia.  A  lovelier  01  more  affect- 
ing impersonation  has  not  been  witnessed, 


102 


T  II  E    A  Til  BN.ZBUM 


N°3C15,  Feb.  G,  '97 


nnd  it  has  lost  now  apparently  nothing  of 

its  ten. I. th. ->s,  juvenility,  and  graee.     A*  Sir 
Eenry'a  aooident  prerenta  him  from  taking 
the  pari  of  the  Vicar,  that  character  lias 
been  entrnated  to  Mr-  Bermann  Venn,  tho 
original  exponent     Mr.  v*erin  givee  it  once 
more  with  the  crystal  lucidity  of  hie  style, 
and  with  a  beauty  <>f  elocution  by  which  it 
profits.     It  has  not  the  warmth  and  colour 
of  Irving,  nor  quite  the  tenderness  either. 
\\\.   vrere    once    inclined    to    regard  that 
tenderneei   as  excessive,  a  heresy  we  now 
int.     Nothing  in  the  remainder  of  the 
cast  calls  for  notice,  the  general  perform- 
ance being  scarcely  up  to  Lyceum  traditions. 
On  tho  strength  of  one   situation  which 
is  ingenious  and  novel,  '  The  Free  Pardon ' 
escapes  condemnation,   and   even  claims   a 
measure  of   consideration.     Feeble  enough 
is  tho  thread  of  the  story,   the  characters 
are  conventional,  and  tho  effects  have  been 
anticipated.      Not   wholly  new  is,    indeed, 
tho   situation    to   which    we   have   alluded. 
The   means   by  which,  though  a  perfectly 
innocent    man,     Eric    Annesley,     ex- officer 
of    Lancers,    lias    found    bimself    branded 
as    a    patricide   and    sent   to    consort  with 
thieves    at    Portland,    need    not    be    told. 
At     Portland,     however,     he     is     at     the 
moment  when  a  fog  and  an  hneute  among 
the  convicts  give  him    an   opportunity,  of 
which   he   avails   himself,   to   escape.     His 
flight  is  directed  to  the  hut  in  which  dwells 
Mrs.  Twentyman,  formerly  a  lady's-maid  in 
his   family,    and   now   wife   of   one   of  the 
warders.     By  her  he  is  cheerfully  sheltered, 
fresh    clothes   are    given   him,   and   means 
are   found   for  effecting   his   escape  to  the 
mainland.      At   the   moment   when    all    is 
ready  Twentyman   returns.      He   is   under 
deepest  obligation  to  the  fugitive,  in  whose 
regiment   he  has  been,   and  by  whom  his 
life  has  been  saved  in  action.     Will  grati- 
tude  or   duty   prevail?      Who   shall   tell? 
Mrs.  Twentyman  at  least  will  not  trust  him, 
and  she  gives  the  signal  concerted  on  for 
Annesley  to   escape.      Her   hesitation  and 
confusion,  the   fact   that   the  door   of    her 
bedroom    is    locked    and    the   key   cannot 
be    found,   and   the   signal   she   has    been 
giving    rouse    the    warder    to    a    jealous 
fury,    and    he    brands     his     wife     as    an 
outcast.      The    door    is    then    burst    open 
from    within,    and     the    escaping    prisoner 
surrenders    himself.      He    has    heard    the 
dispute   and   the    accusation,    and   he   will 
forego  the   meditated   and   all   but  accom- 
plished escape  rather  than  leavo  in  doubt  the 
fair  fame  of  the  woman  who  has  sheltered 
him.     This  scene  is  fresh,  well  worked,  and 
sympathetic.     Had  the  play  been  all  up  to 
this   level    it   would    have   deserved   warm 
recognition.      Most  of  it,  however,  is  con- 
ventional,   and   portions   of    it   are   trivial. 
It  was  decently,  but  not  remarkably  acted. 
Tho  matter  of  chief  interest  in  tho  perform- 
ance was  the  assumption  by  Mr.  Abingdon 
(whose  lino  is  usually  confined  to  villains) 
of  a  light- comedy  part.     The  experiment 
was  not  wholly  a  success. 


Sophocles  and  Shdkspere  (Cambridge,  Mac- 
millan  &  Bowes)  is  the  title  in  brief  of  a  prize 
essay  in  Latin  by  Mr.  L.  Horton  Smith,  now 
published  as  a  book.  Tho  author  compares  the 
tragic  art  of  the  two  poets  with  considerable 
ability.  The  obvious  lines  of  difference  are 
mostly  followed.     Sophoclos's  celebrated   com- 


parison of  himself  rod  Buripidae  ii  1"  re, 
;in<l,  we  believe,   generally  mistnu  Hi 

did  not  say  thai  he  "  represented  men  as  they 

OUghl  t<>  be,"  but  "as  they  OUght  tO  I"-'  (ro- 
il." Generally  Sophocles  is  not  inch 
plain  sailing  as  Mr.  Horton  Smith  lUggi 
The  use  <>f  proso  and  verso  in  Sliakspeare 
(pp.  68-70)  is  well  treated,  but  wo  miss  U 
adequate  apology  for  his  coarseness  and  the 
turgid  etuff  of   his  inferior  plays.      Some  other 

positions  here  taken  up  need  considerable 
modification  to  !»■  tenable.  To  talk  of  the 
three  styles  of  Shakspeare  maybe  convenient, 

hut  they  are  no  more  clearly  made  out  than  in 
the  case  of  Wagner.  Tho  hook  is  overloaded 
with  references,  many  as  unnecessary  as  the  five 
to  Notet  and  Queries  for  the  origin  of  a  Latin 
tag  on  p.  54.     ^^_^_______ 

£)ramaiir  (©ossijj. 

'  The  Prodigal  Father  '  of  Mr.  Glen  Mac- 
donou<di,  imported  from  America  and  produced 
hy  Mr?  John  S.  Clarke  at  the  Strand,  seems  to 
have  been  partly  inspired  by  '  Tartarin  of  Taras- 
con.'  We  have  at  least  the  spectacle  of  a  man 
honoured  by  his  compatriots  as  an  explorer  of 
remote  and  unvisited  regions,  whose  travels 
have  not  extended  beyond  the  country  houses 
visited  by  a  too  fascinating  "star"  of  the 
music-halls.  As  the  heroine  of  the  piece,  Miss 
Florence  Gerard  reappeared  in  London,  as  did 
Mr.  Charles  Collette,  who  gave  an  eccentric 
picture  of  a  journalist.  Mr.  Harry  Paulton  was 
the  hero.  The  whole  is  trivial  and  extravagant, 
hut  was  received  with  boisterous  applause.  Miss 
Gerard  also  played  in  'A  Merry  Christmas,' a 
not  very  brilliant  adaptation  of  '  Je  dine  chez 
ma  Mere.' 

Miss  Violet  Vanbrugh  is  recovering  under 
the  influence  of  rest,  and  will,  it  is  hoped, 
shortly  reappear  with  her  husband  on  the  stage. 

This  evening  will  be  given  at  the  Lyric  the 
long  promised  performance  of  Mr.  Wilson 
Barrett's  new  drama 'The  Daughters  of  Babylon.' 

'  Nelson's  Enchantress  '  is  the  title  of  the 
new  play  in  which  Mrs.  Patrick  Campbell  and 
Mr.  Forbes  Robertson  will  appear  at  the 
Avenue  on  Thursday  next. 

The  '  Princess  and  the  Butterfly  ;  or,  the 
Fantastics,'  is  the  title  of  a  new  five-act  comedy 
by  Mr.  Pinero,  which  will  be  produced  at  the 
St.  James's. 

After  playing  at  Boston  with  great  success, 
Mr.  Tree  is  expected  in  England,  where  he  will 
be  met  with  the  intelligence  that  he  is  again  a 
father. 

At  the  St.  James's  Theatre  the  part  of  Phcebe 
in  'As  You  Like  It '  is  now  sustained  by  Miss 
Ellis  Jeffreys. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kendal  began  at  Cambridge 
on  Monday  a  country  tour,  which  is  intended 
to  last  until  May,  when  they  hope  to  reappear 
in  London.  In  their  repertory  are  Mr.  Grundy's 
comedy  '  The  Greatest  of  These  '  and  Mr;  Allen 
Upward's  new  play  '  A  Flash  in  the  Pan.' 

'A  Dramatic  Legend,'  by  Ernst  von  Wil- 
denbruch,  is  to  be  performed  at  the  Hoftheater, 
Berlin,  on  March  22nd  in  honour  of  the  cen- 
tenary of  the  birth  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm  I. 

The  death  is  announced  at  Berlin  of  Dr.  Ed. 
Jacobson,  who  was  one  of  the  most  prolific 
Possendkhter  of  Germany. 


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CATALOGUE 
1896 


diftVrs  from  its  predecessors  in  this  respect,  that  it  gives  the 

FULL   TITLE 

»iih  Duplicate,  and  In  many  cases  Triplicate.  Chusific 
under  one   General   Alphabet,  of  every  Book,  iustead  of.  as 
hitherto,  Abbreviated  Titles,  consequently 

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while  the  price  (5s.  net)  remains  the  same. 
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AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS'. 

DOD'S  PEERAGE,  BARONET- 

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The    RUINED    CITIES    of 

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College,  Oxford.  Illustrated  with  50  Full-Page  Wood- 
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the  ACTIVE  and  the  SEDENTARY.     By  N.  B.  YORKE- 
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Morning  tvsU 


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Paner     By  Jesse  Lynch  Williams.    Illustrated. 
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Written  and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Gibson. 
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&c.  Ac.  Ac- 

London  : 
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N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


193 


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[94 


T  II  E     A  Til  E  N'.K  U  M 


N  3615,  Feb.  0,  '97 


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Sir  II    K    Wllioa,  llan 
l:l  I  1..MI  -  ITATXBTXI  -   Di    KMiLANDani  WALKS      lly   Howard 

Evan*. 
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By    JOHN    C.    FRANCIS. 


OF 


"  The  thought  of  compiling  these  volumes  was  a 
happy  one,  and  it  has  been  ably  carried  out  by  Mr. 
John  C.  Francis,  the  son  of  the  veteran  publisher." 

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most  notable  features  of  a  distinguished  journal 
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Mr.  Francis  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  readers  inter- 
ested in  literature." — Spictator. 

"  It  was  a  happy  thought  in  this  age  of  jubilees  to 
associate  with  a  literarv  chronicle  of  the  last  fifty 
years  a  biographical  sketch  of  the  life  of  John 

Francis As  we  glance  through  the  contents  there 

is  scarcely  a  page  which  does  not  induce  us  to  stop 
and  read  about  the  men  and  events  that  are  sum- 
moned again  before  us." —  Western  Daily  Mercury. 

"The  book  is,  in  fact,  as  it  is  described,  a  literary 
chronicle  of  the  period  with  which  it  deals,  and  a 
chronicle  put  together  with  as  much  skill  as  taste 
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often  piquant,  while  it  rarely  fails  to  throw  some 
new  light  on  the  individuality  of  the  person  to 
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this  that  the  real  strength  of  a  nation  lies The 

public  will  find  in  the  book  reading  which,  if  light 

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papers  will  find  out  that  it  is  convenient  to  keep 
these  volumes  of  handy  size,  and  each  having  its 
own  index,  extending  the  one  to  20  the  other  to  30 
pages,  at  their  elbow  for  reference." 

Liverpool  Mercury. 

"  No  memoir  of  Mr.  Francis  would  be  complete 
without  a  corresponding  history  of  the  journal  with 

which  his  name  will  for  ever  be  identified The 

extraordinary  variety  of  subjects  aud  persons  re- 
ferred to,  embracing  as  they  do  every  event  in  litera- 
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we  can  only  indicate  its  outlines.  To  the  literary 
historian  the  volumes  will  be  of  incalculable  service."' 

BookielU  r. 

"Our  survey  has  been  unavoidably  confined 
almost  exclusively  to  the  first  volume  ;  indeed,  any- 
thing like  an  adequate  account  of  the  book  is 
impossible,  for  it  may  be  described  as  a  history  in 
notes  of  the  literature  of  the  period  with  which  it 
deals.  We  confess  that  we  have  been  able  to  tint! 
\  erj  few  pages  altogether  barren  of  interest,  and  by 
far  the  larger  portion  of  the  book  will  be  found 
irresistibly  attractive  by  all  who  care  anything  for 
the  history  of  literature  in  our  own  time." 

Manehetter  Examiner. 


London :  RICHARD  BENTLEY  k  SON, 

New  Burlington-street,  W., 
Publishers  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 


N°3615,  Feb.  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


195 


MR.  FLINDERS  PETRIE'S  NEW  PUBLICATIONS 

pETRIE  (W.  M.  FLINDERS).— KOPTOS. 


JL      a  Chapter  by  I)    G.  HOGARTH,  M.A. 
(4  Photographic),  boards,  10s. 


With 

1  vol.  4to.  35  pp.  28  Plates 


NAQADA    and    BALLAS.      By   W.  M. 

FLINDERS  PETRIE  and  Q1IHELL.     With  a  Chapter  by  F.  C.  J. 
SPURRELL.    4to.  79  pp.  87  Plates,  boards,  1'os. 
The  district  treated  in  this  work   is  about  thirty  miles  North  of 
Thebes  and  on  the  Western  side  of  the  Nile     Messrs.  Flinders  Petrie 
and  Quiiiell  give  decisive  evidence  of  an  hitherto  unknown  invasion  of    i 
Upper  Egypt,  which  is  linked  with  the  prehistoric  civilization  of  the 
Mediterranean.    An  ample  index  adds  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  book. 
Dernard  Quaritch,  15,  Piccadilly,  London. 

pyTOTES   and    QUERIES.      (Eighth    Series.) 

THIS    WEEK'S   NUMBER  contains— 

NOTES  :— Latin  Prayer  Hook— Home  Tooke's    Diary— Ophelia— Prof 

Nichol's  Poems— liishops'  Wigs — Etymology  of  •'  Lane  " — St.  Distaffs 

Day  —  'Night  and  Morning'  —  "  Raldacchino"  —  Letter  of    Lady 

Hervey— Flower  Custom— "Layman  "—■  Oxford  English  Dictionary.' 

QUERIES: — "Braal" — Dickens  Quotation— Tapestries  from  Raphael's 
Cartoons— High  Water  at  London  Bridge— Coin — "  Invultation  " — 
'  Privy  Purse  Expenses  of  Elizabeth  of  York  ' — "  Non  sine  pulvere  " 
— 'Travels  of  True  Godliness  '— C.  Whichcott— Quakers  in  Opera  — 
"  Li  maisie  hierlekin  "—Oldest  Parish  Register— Hurling— Licences 
to  Emigrate— Van  Acker — Knightley  Smith— "  Dymocked  "—Sir  W. 
Ralegh's  Library — Nonconformist  Ministers — Hague  and  Osnaburgh 
— '  History  of  Essex '— Stowe  MSS. — '  Middlemarch.' 

REPLIES  :— "Rarely  "—Clementina  Sobiesky  Douglass— Sir  H.  St  Paul 
— Launceston  as  a  Surname— Astrological  Signatures— "  God  save 
the  King" — Blessing  Fisheries— "  Picksome  "—Old  Arminghall — 
Beanmont  College  —  "  Feer  and  Flet  "  —  Gog  and  Magog  —  Manx 
Dialect  —  Wyvill  —  Theatre  at  Tottenham  Court  Road  —  Earls  of 
Halifax  —  Horseshoe  Monuments  —  "To  worsen" — W.  Hiseland — 
'Prince  Dorus '— Duke  of  Wellington— Scottish  Clerical  Dress- 
Louis  Philippe— Burial-ground  in  '  Bleak  House'—"  She  "— Gosforth 
— London  Directories—"  Nott  Stag  " — Authors  Wanted. 

NOTES  on  BOOKS  :— Hazlitt's  '  Four  Generations  of  a  Literary  Family  ' 
—  Heeching's  '  Paradise  of  English  Poetiy  '— •  Book-Prices  Current,' 
Vol  X  — '  Scottish  Poetry  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  Vol  II  — 
Spence's  '  Earl  Rognvald '—Schroder's  carlyle's  '  Abhandlung  iiber 
Goethe's  Faust'— Angot's  '  Aurora  Borealis.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 

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1  ^S    Tift 

TRANSCENDENTAL    MAGIC,    its    Doctrine 

and   RITUAL.      By  ELIPHAS    LEVI.      A   Complete   Translation   of    'Dogme   et   Rituel   de  la 

Haute  Magie.'    With  a  Biographical  Preface  by  ARTHUR  EDWARD  WA1TE,  Author  of  'Devil 

Worship  in  France,'  &c.     Including  all  the  Original  Engravings  and  a  Portrait  of  the  Author. 

Col.  Olcott  in  the  Thcosophist  writes:— "A  comparison  of  Mr.  Waite's  version  with  the  original 

shows  that  the  translation  into  English  has  been  faithfully  done,  and  thus  one  of  the  most  famous 

magical  works  in  the  world  is  brought  within  the  reach  of  s-tudents  ignorant  of  the  French  language 

Many  of  Ehphas  Levi's  views  were  cited  from  this  book  in  the  writing  of  '  Isis  Unveiled,'  and  I  am  in 

a  position  to  know  that  H.   P.    B.'s  private  opinions  of  the  man  accorded  in  the  main  with  those  of 

Mr.  Waite He  is  a  nust  instructive  helper  to  the  student He  was  richly  endowed  in  occult  law. 

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NEW    NOVEL   BY    E.    F.    BENSON, 

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of  a  Young  Gentleman  at  Cambridge  University. 
murisH  BBVfEW.—1 


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nf  JEfULVA  3£XJ>m  •_."rIt  '8  ?;mP'y  a  se.riej  of  sketches  from  the  life  of  a  Cambridge  undergraduate,  any  one  chapter 
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The  BABE,  B.A. 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  LITERARY  PROPERTY. 

BOOKS  and  their  MAKERS  during  the  MIDDLE 

tGu'S\  AlStufl3rof  the  Conditions  of  the  Production  and  Distribution  of  Literature  from  the 
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H. 


M 


THE     CLASSICAL    REVIEW. 

Vol.  XI.    FEBRUARY,  1897.    No.  1.    3s. 
Contents. 
R.  M.  BURROWS.    Pylos  and  Sphacteria. 
R.  W.  MACAN.    The  Date  of  Tyrtaeus. 

B.  W.  FAY.    Contested  Etymologies. 

W.  G.  RUTHERFORD.      Conjectures  in  the  Text  of  the 
'  Comici  Qraeci.' 

RICHARDS.  Critical  Notes  on  the  Minor  Works  of 
Xenophon — '  Hiero.'  '  Hipparchicus,'  '  De  Re  Equest.' 
(Continued  from  Vol.  X.  p.  294.) 

P.     POSTGATE.     On    some    Passages    in    Xenopbon's 
'  Oeconomicus '  and  '  Hellenics.' 
L.  EARLE.    Critical  Notes  on  Cicero  '  De  Oratore  I.' 
Shorter  Notes. 

R.  Y.  TYRRELL    and    T.  L.  AGAR.     On  a   Question  of 

Homeric  Metrical  Rule. 
A.  SOUTER.     Greek  Metrical  Inscriptions  from  Phrygia. 

(Continued  from  Vol.  X.  p.  420.) 
Francken's  Edition  of  Lucan.    W.  E.  HEITLAND. 
Treatises  on  Statius  by  Lafaye  and  by  Klotz.     ROBINSON 

ELLIS. 
Grenfell's  Edition  of  '  The  Revenue  Laws  of  Ptolemy  Phil- 

adelphus.'    W.  WYSE. 

Blaydes's  '  Adversaria  in  Aeschylum.'    W.  HEADLAM. 
Christ's  Edition  of  Pindar.    R.  Y.  TYRRELL. 
Hirtzel's  '  Der  Dialog.'    R.  D.  HICKS. 
Shorter  Reviews. 

Collignon's   '  Histoire  de  la  Sculpture  Grecque.'      PERCY 
GARDNER. 

Thomas's  '  Rome  et  l'Empire.'    LOUIS  DYER. 

C.  TORR.     '  Memphis  and  Mycenae  '  (a  Reply). 

Monthly  Record — Summaries — Bibliography. 

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JUST  OUT,  AT  ALL  LIBRARIES. 
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—GREEK  FOLK  POESY.     2  vols,  demy  8vo. 
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V*  The  completest  and  most  representative  collection  of 
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GOETHE'S  '  FAUST.'    The  so-called 

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the  Gochenhausen  Transcript ;  and  the  com- 
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1887.  In  English,  with  Introduction  and  Notes 
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A  FEW  WORDS  ABOUT  THE 
LICKENSDERFER      T  Y  P  E  -  W  R  I  T  E  R. 


It  is  NOT  a  reproduction  or  hash-up  of  any  existing 
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It  is  NOT  an  IMPROVEMENT  on  them. 

It  is  an  entirely  new  departure  in  Type-writer  mechanism. 
The  root  Idea  in  its  construction  is  simplicity;  in  place  of 
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simplicity  we  have  a  machine  which  is 

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THE   ATHEN^UM 

Sotinral  of  (Ertctjtel)  antr  foreign  Ettcrature,  Science ,  tf)t  &int  te,  Mwit  anb  tfie  Wmmau 


No.  3616. 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY    13,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


R° 


YAL       ACADEMY       of       ARTS. 


LORD  LEIGHTON'S  WORKS. 
EXHIBITION  NOW  OPEN  from  9  am.  to  6  p.m. 


G 


EOLOGICAL     SOCIETY     of     LONDON. 


The  ANNIVERSARY  MEETING  of  this  Society  will  be  held  at  the 
Society's  Apartments,  BURLINGTON  HOUSE,  on  FRIDAY,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  at  3  o'clock. 

Xhe  Fellows  and  their  Friends  will  DINE  together  at  the  CRITERION 
RE8TAURANT,  PICCADILLY,  at  7.30  p.m.  Tickets  to  be  obtained  at 
the  Society's  Apartments. 

ROYAL       HISTORICAL       SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter.) 
Patron— HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN. 
President— The  Right  Hon.  Sir  M.  E.  GRANT-DUFF,  G.C.S.I. 
The  ANNIVERSARY   MEETING  will  be  held  at  the  MUSEUM  of 
PRACTICAL   GEOLOGY,  Jermyn-street,  W.,   on    THURSDAY,   Feb- 
ruary 18,  at  5  o'clock  p  k.    Address  by  the  President,  Sir  M.  E.  GRANT 
DUFF,  G.C.S.I. 

HUBERT  HALL,  Director  and  Hon  Secretary. 

TO  PUBI ISHERS.— LITERARY  ADVISER  to 
one  of  the  oldest  London  Publishing  Firms  for  the  last  75  years 
NOW  AT  LIBERTY— Letters  to  8.  G  ,  care  of  C.  B.  Ward,  Solicitor,  40 
Bedford-row,  W.C. 


w 


ANTED,    EASY   LITERARY  WORK    for 

spare  hours  —Cantab.,  care  of  A.  J.  Isard,  Esq  ,  Solicitor,  14. 
Qween-atreet,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

SECRETARYSHIP  or  CLERKSHIP  DESIRED 
by  a  LADY  who  has  held  similar  post.  University  education. 
Mathematics  (Tripos),  Latin,  French,  German.  Excellent  testimonials. 
— D.,  3,  Goldsmith-square,  Nottingham. 

GENTLEMAN  (27),  with  literary  ability,  desires 
PART-TIME  ENGAGEMENT,  SECRETARIALLY  or  otherwise. 
Experienced.  Has  been  with  men  of  highest  standing,  from  whom 
references.  Temporarily  ;  permanently  if  future  arrangement.  Agree- 
able to  reside  in  family,  or  with  whom  working.  Very  companionable 
of  good  family— H,  Hill  Side,  Sutton  Coldheld,  Warwickshire. 

RE-ENGAGEMENT  as  LIBRARIAN  DESIRED 
by  YOUNG  MAN.  Excellent  knowledge  of  Latest  Fiction  and 
General  Literature  Good  references  —  Address  Mr.  Wilprid  Browne, 
Hurst,  Twyford,  Berks. 

GRADUATE,  Classical  Honours,  TEACHES 
CLASSICS  and  GERMAN,  and  Prepares  for  Examinations.  He 
would  also  be  willing  to  accept  Tutorial  or  Travelling  Engagements 
for  Easter  or  Summer  Vacations—  K.  C,  30,  Lower  Jlulgrave-street 
Eaton-square 

REPLIES   to   ADVERTISEMENT   of  A.    B.   in 
Athtnmim  of  January  30  are  under  consideration. 


LITERARY.— To  Young  and  other  Authors, 
Members  of  Universities,  &c  — A  NEW  MAGAZINE  (Science 
Fiction,  &c)  REQUIRES  CONTRIBUTORS.  Names  and  particulars- 
cot  MS— in  first  instance  to  Editor.  Harrington,  Oxford  Union  Society. 

I  EDITOR.—  WANTED,  a  GENTLEMAN  with 
J  political  aspirations  willing  to  invest  5.000/  to  take  the  CON- 
TROL of  an  old-established  WEEKLY  NEWSPAPER  in  the  Liberal 
interest.  A  certain  return  upon  the  investment  assured.  Principals 
Letters  only— N.  O  ,  care  of  Lenn  Walter,  Solicitor,  46.  Chancery-lane. 

GENTLEMAN  WANTED  as  WORKING 
PARTNER  and  SECRETARY  in  Literary  and  Journalistic 
,,n"',tntl?n..  University  Man  preferred  Investment  required  about 
1,0001.— Full  control  of  capital.— Address  Journalism,  care  of  Messrs 
Ernest  Salaman,  Fort  &  Co,  Solicitors,  12,  Union-court,  Old  Broad- 
street,  E.C. 


UNIVERSITY      OF       LONDON. 

*  JUNIOR  ASSISTANT  CLERK  is  REQUIRED  in  the  Office  of  this 
t  nlverslty. 

The  age  of  Candidates  must  not  he  leas  than  20  nor  above  25  years  • 
and .other  things  being  equal,  preference  will  be  given  to  a  Graduate 
of  the  Lnivcrslty. 

The  salary  will  commence  at  1501.  per  annum,  and  will  increase  by 
101.  a  year  to  200/.  ' 

•v'11^  ^fl?016!1  Candidate  wm  t)C  required  to  pass  an  Examination  bv 
the  Civil  Service  commissioners. 

Applications  for  the  post  must  be  addressed,  prepaid,  to  the  under- 
signed and  must  reach  the  University,  Burlington-gardens,  London 
«  ..  not  la'er  than  March  1. 

The  Candidate  appointed  may  be  required  to  enter  on  his  duties  on 

Further  particulars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

February  11, 1897.  '  "CTOR  DK*fS*-  »  B  ><  Sc  .  H«fH«timr. 

rUVII,  SERVICE   COMMISSION.— Forthcoming 

plPmSf'^r^?1;'!^1,  ASSISTANT    to  the   LBCTURER    on 

Tei.Eiii'J.'Yi"tthe.A,tl'     '  ' ■''" '  '  BRUARTM 

th-i-.^f  «r^ir?and,<,u!l  ,ll™,i"ns  necessary.  The  date  specified  is 
on  fn™i  .«  •l'C,.a|'I''";:"""w  la"  '"'  rocelTetl  They  must  be  made 
Srrte.  ;;    -••M-t'-.ars,  from  the  Secrktarv,  Civil 

TJNIVKKKITY   <'<>!, LEGE   of  SOUTH   WALES 

,-/  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE 

FACULTY      OF      MEDICINE. 
The    Council    invites    applications    for    the    PROFESSORSHIP    of 
iNAroMi      Eighty  copies  of  application,  together  with  testimonials. 
must  be  In  the  hands  of  the  undersigned  on  or  before  March  8,  U87, 
Further  paatlculars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B  A., 

rr»t...  ■■    „„         _  Secretary  and  Registrar. 

I  nlTCrslty  College,  Cardiff,  Februarys,  1897. 


8 


KARACHI,  INDIA.—  SIND  MADRESSEH 
(MAHOMEDAN  COLLEGE). 

A  PRINCIPAL  WANTED  for  the  above  State-aided  Institution. 
Must  be  a  Graduate  in  Honours  of  a  British  University,  and  not  more 
than  85  years  of  age.  He  will  be  required  to  teach  English  Literature, 
Mathematics,  and  Elementary  Science.  Salary  Rs.  450  per  mensem, 
rising  by  biennial  increments  of  Rs.  50  to  Rs.  700  per  mensem.  A  house 
will  shortly  be  provided  rent  free,  and  in  the  interim  rent-free  quarters 
will  be  provided.    60/.  allowed  for  passage  money. 

Applications  will  be  received  np  to  March  10  by  Sir  James  Peile, 
India  Office.  London,  from  whom  further  particulars  as  to  the  appoiut- 
ment  may  be  obtained. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill,  Staines— The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies  About 
40  Students  will  be  admitted  in  September,  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department. — For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  College. 

WELL-KNOWN  AUTHOR,  successful  Teacher, 
gives  POSTAL  LESSONS  in  the  ART  of  WRITING  FICTION. 
—Apply  for  terms,  &c.,  to  Box  1,133,  Sell's  Advertising  Offices,  Fleet- 
street,  E.C. 

THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRYAT.  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Writing  Fiction.  Journalism,  and  the  Drama.— Apply  to  Secretary,  26, 
Abercorn-place,  N.W. 

CHOOL  for  the  DAUGHTERS  of  GENTLE- 
MEN, Granville  House,  Meads,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education. 
Highest  references.  Home  comforts  Large  grounds,  with  Croquet 
and  Tennis  Lawns— For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Principal. 

TBEBOVIR      HOUSE      SCHOOL, 

-L  1,  Trebovir-road,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

Principal— Mrs.  W.  R.  COLE. 
Special  Courses  of  Lessons,  on  original  lines,  in  Freehand  Drawing, 
Designing,  and  Brush  Work,  will  be  given  by  Mr.  EDWIN  COOKE. 
Also  Classes  for  Colour.  Cast,  and  Figure  Drawing,  and  Sketching  from 
Nature,  by  Mr.  ARTHUR  FOORD  HUGHES. 

TUESDAY'S  and  THURSDAYS  throughout  the  Term. 
»»•  The  PRESENT  TERM  COMMENCED  MONDAY,  January  18. 

TTNIVERSITY    COLLEGE,    LONDON.— The 

v>*  Course  of  Instruction  in  ELEMENTARY  BIOLOGY  for  Students 
preparing  for  the  I'rel.  Sci.  and  Int  Sei  Examinations  at  the  University 
of  London  BEGINS  on  FEBRUARY  16,  1H97. 

J.  M.  HORSBURGH,  MA,  Secretary. 

BEDFORD  COLLEGE,  LONDON  (for  WOMEN), 
York-place,  Baker-street,  W. 
Principal— Miss  EMILY  PENROSE. 
LENT  TERM,  SESSION  1896-7. 
The  HALF-TERM  will  BEGIN  on  MONDAY,  February  22. 
SPECIAL  CLASSES  for  Students  who  Matriculated  in  January. 

LUCY'  J.  RUSSELL,  Honorary  Secretary. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  (a  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  (for  Boys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad— A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  R.  J.  Beevor,  M.A.,  8,  Lancaster  place. 
8trand,  London,  W.C. 

EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs.  GABRITAS, 
THRING  &  CO.,  who,  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Boys  Rnd  Girls,  and  successful  'I'utors  in  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements— 36,  Sackville-street,  W. 

MR.  GERALD  MARSHALL  UNDERTAKES 
GENEALOGICAL  SEARCHES  in  Town  and  Country  Indices 
Searched  and  Abstracts  of  Records  made  at  low  inclusive  rates.— Care 
of  Greenberg  &  Co  ,  80,  Chancery-lane,  W.C. 

q^YPE -WRITING.— MSS.,     Secretarial    Work, 

-L  Translating,  Indexing.  Stenographing,  Duplicating  in  best  style, 
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quired.— Misses  E  and  J.  Pi  z,  11,  Queen  Victoria-street;  435,  Mansion 
House  Chambers,  E.C. 

rr YPE-WRITTNG.— MSS.  of  all   kinds   copied 

X  from  Id.  per  folio.  Large  quantities  by  arrangement.  Work 
sent  by  post  receives  immediate  attention  Testimonials  Duplicated 
Translations  —En  Graham,  Surrey  Chambers,  172,  strand,  London. 

■yYPE-WRITER.— AUTHORS'  MSS.,    Plays,    Re- 

-1  views,  Literary  Articles,  Ac,  COPIED  with  accuracy  and  despatch 
\d  per  folio  Manifold  or  Duplicate  Copies  —Address  Miss  E  Tioar 
23,  Maitland  Park-villas.  Haverstock-hill,  N.W.     Established  1884. 

.WPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.    per   folio 

-L  of  72  words  References  to  Authors— Miss  Gladdino,  28  Lans- 
downe-garden8.  South  Ijambeth,  8.W. 

rrYPE.WRITING.—  1*.  per   1,000  words.      Large 

-L  quantities  by  arrangement  Examination  UuontfonB  Reduplicated. 
Dramatic  Work  advised  upon  (and  arrant <1 1  l>y  experienced  s  M  — 
i  [verson-road,  Wert  Hampttead,  N.W. 

WKLL-REAIi    TYPIST     DESIRES  AUTHORS' 
MSS  —  Accustomed  to  French  and  Spanish  Documents     Good 
references  to   Aullim*      In/,   ,„.,    |  000,  including   paper— J.  Irv. 
Kel borne  street.  Livciponl 

TTPB-WRITING.— MSS.,   Scientific,   and   of   all 

J  Descriptions,  Copied  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care 
Dictation  Rooms  i Shorthand  or  Typc-wrltingi  Usual  terms— Mis«os 
I  B  ft  I  I'uiiiav  Hastings  House.  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  London 
(for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 


A  NNUAL  REGISTER,  1895.— APOLOGY.— The 

-aa  attention  of  the  Editor  has  been  called  to  a  very  serious  error 
(occurring  on  page  408)  respecting  the  proceedings  arising  out  of  the 
Dean  poisoning  case  at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales.  It  was  there  stated 
that  Mr.  Crick— the  junior  partner  in  the  firm  of  solicitors  who  were 
conducting  Dean's  case— had  been  tried  for  perjury  and  sentenced  to 
fourteen  years'  penal  servitude.  Mr.  Crick,  on  the  contrary,  was 
acquitted,  and  the  Editor  takes  the  first  opportunity  of  expressing  his 
sincere  regret  that  this  mis-statement  — for  which  there  were  no 
grounds— should  have  appeared  in  the  '  Annual  Register.'  The  passage 
has  been  cancelled,  and  no  more  copies  of  the  volume  will  be  issued 
containing  this  serious— but  wholly  unintended— relleetion  upon  Mr. 
Crick's  reputation. 

LIONEL  ROBINSON,  Editor  'Annual  Register.' 

MISS  MATHILDE  COHEN  (otherwise 
MATHILDE  BLIND)  deceased  Pursuant  to  the  Law  of  Pro- 
perty Amendment  Act  1859  NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  all 
Creditors  and  other  persons  having  any  claims  or  demands  against  the 
estate  of  Mathilde  Cohen  (otherwise  Mathilde  Blind)  late  of  The 
Poplars  '20  Avenue-road  Regents  Park  Middlesex  and  of  96  Belgrave- 
road  Middlesex  deceased  (who  died  on  the  26th  day  of  November  1896 
and  whose  will  was  proved  in  the  Principal  Probate  Registry  of  the 
High  Court  of  Justice  on  the  L'Sth  day  of  January  1897  bv  Charles 
Rowley,  Robert  Singleton  Garnett  and  Alfred  Moritz  Mond  the 
Executors  therein  named)  are  ltereby  required  to  send  the  particulars 
in  writing  of  their  claims  or  demands  to  me  the  undersigned  one  of  the 
said  Executors  on  or  before  the  22nd  day  of  March  1897  after  which 
date  the  said  Executors  will  proceed  to  distribute  the  assets  of  the  said 
deceased  among  the  persons  entitled  thereto  having  regard  only  to  the 
claims  and  demands  of  which  they  shall  then  have  had  notice  and  they 
will  not  be  liable  for  the  assets  of  the  said  deceased  or  any  part  thereof 
so  distributed  to  any  person  or  persons  of  whose  claims  and  demands 
thev  shall  not  then  have  had  notice. 
Dated  this  6th  day  of  February  1897  R.  S.  GARNETT, 

27  West-hill  Highgate  London  N.,  Solicitor. 


IV |Q     TYPE-WRITTEN  with  care  and  precision 

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I'.K 


TTI  E     A  rT  T I  KX  -1-  I'  M 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '<<7 


1>     an  DBR80N    .v    Cl '      \  •■■•  rtlaii  g  Ag« 

I\.         It    i  in  KM-l  11  sn:l  I  1     ilHIHSIl  CROBB    SW 

Ma»a.lnr«      *.•       at    Ihr 

C,.«,l.l,-    ,  ..         Bp|         ,1     l.ii..-     I..     III.' It. .Ili.ll.       HcllOOls.     I'UI ... 

eanfeetarera  «r  ,  oa  appUeaUoa 


1 


C.it.ilogtue. 

I.      I.      1  fc  R     L     V     B     V, 

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i    \l  Mi  H.l   is  i  —  u.   1  M   frequent  Interval*. 
Hi   i    i     ■   '  i  . .n.i. m    \V 


NEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  19)  now  ready.    Choice 
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v  I  tut  '  Baatt   Iteaiilx.     ■  Lamp  of   HfBMf*,1      Mi.nna    ltina.' 

plot        !''■  Annunciation,    •  I  In  r.h -.<•!  I  >.in. i. /i  I      Studies  fur 
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PICTURES    in  the    NATIONAL 

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(  01    <  III  -II  B  *>   MAHHIA(,1.  LD  KNCEStah  ),  10.  U. 

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ton     «lc:.l|.-r    ami  mini  i  In  l  unnlnrl  . 

.      I,    ■-in      ami  i.<  id|[  a  choice   and   valuable  ar<jui>juun  lo  a 
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a»f,  and 

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Addreat   in  nr.t  in.unce,  Y    7.  ,  care  of  Mr   Waler»,  SUUiooer,  Weil- 
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TO    INVALIDS.— A    LIST   of   MEDICAL  MKN 

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of  Surrev— Rubens  et  Vandvci.  (Euvres :  fine  L1HKAKY  Hooks  in 
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number  of  Hora-  on  Vellum-Gradualead  Usum  Ecclesta- sarisburlensls 
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The  SECOND    PORTION  of  the  Collection  of  Old  Japanese 
Colour  I'rints.  the  froperty  ofBRNBSl    HART,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SI  1  I  bv  Al  CTTON.  at  their  House.  NO  IS.  Wellington- 
street,  strand.  W.C,  on  SATURDAY,  February  W.  *}<**<**  J*"; 
eUelT  the  SBCX>ND  PORTION  Ol  the  COLLECTION  of  OLD 
IAPANE8E  COLOUR  PRINTS,  the  Property  el  BRNB81  HART,  Esq.. 
Including  Bpeolmeni  ol  Hie  Work  of  the  best  known  masters,  from  the 
earliest  Sate*  U  recent  times. 

May  Ix-  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  U  by  post, 
on  receipt  of  two  stamps. 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


199 


The  Collection  of  Decorative  Porcelain,  Enamels.  Bijouterie,  §c, 
of  the  late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13.  Wellineton- 
etreet,  strand.  W.C.,  on  MONDAY,  March  1,  at  1  o'clock  precisely 
(by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  and 
ORIENTAL  CHINA— Battersea  Enamels— Cut  Glass— Needlework— 
Bijouterie— Miniatures— Antique  Furniture,  &c  ,  the  Property  of  the 
late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  liemaining  Portion  of  the  Collection  of  Works  of  Art, 
the  Property  of  the  late  WILLIAM   WEBB,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  18,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  WC,  on  TUESDAY.  March  2  and  Following  Day.  at 
X  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executor),  the  REMAINING 
PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  WORKS  of  ART  of  the  late 
WILLIAM  WEBB,  Esq.,  comprising  Decorative  China,  Bron?es, 
Ornamental  Furniture,  Bijouterie,  Engravings,  Pottery,  &c 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Library  of  the  late  Sir  JOHN  E.  ERICHSEN,  F.R.S., 
Ssc. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  8ELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
etreet.  Strand,  W.O.,  on  THURSDAY,  March  4,  and  Two  Following 
Days  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Sir  JOHN  E 
ERICHSEN,  F  R  S  .  a  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  Rev  MICHAEL  ANGELO  ATKINSON,  and  other  Properties; 
comprising  tine  Books  of  Prints — Books  on  Natural  History  and  Science 
—Galleries— Modern  Publications— Editions  de  Luxe— Books  on  Sports, 
History.  Poetry— Works  illustrated  by  Cruikshank,  Rowlandson,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  Valuable  Library  of 
BERESFORD  li.  HE  A  TON,  Esq.,  and  Valuable  Books, 
the  Property  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  MONDAY,  March  8.  and  Two  Following  Days, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising"  a 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  BRRESFORD  R  HEATON,  Esq  ,  of 
Cheniston-gardens,  Kensington  ;  a  Selected  Portion  of  the  Valuable 
Library  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased  ;  a  Small  Collection  of  Illustrated 
French  Bonks,  the  Property  of  O.  W  SELIGMAN.  E*q.;  a  Selected 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart  ,  and  other 
Properties,  including  Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Works— Valuable  Topo- 
graphical Works  by  Hunter,  Thoresby.  and  Whitaker— Black -Letter 
Chronicles— Officium  B  V  M.  with  Illuminations.  Saee.  XV.— First 
Illnstrated  Edition  of  the  Malermi  Bible,  14SJ0— First  Editions  of  the 
Writings  of  Ruskin,  Jesse.  Swift,  Matthew  Arnold  Fielding,  Pierce 
Egan,  &c— rare  Sporting  Books— an  Unpublished  Poem.  &c,  in  the 
Autograph  of  W.  M.  Thackeray— Water-Colour  Drawings,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Portion  of  the  Library  formed   by  the    late    R.    CHOLMON- 
DELEY,  Esq.,  removed  from  Condover  Hall. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester-square,  W  C  ,  on 
THURSDAY,  February  18,  and  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past 
1  o'clock  precisely,  a  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  formed  by  the  late 
R.  CHOLMONDELEY,  Esq  ,  amongst  which  will  be  found  Pinkerton's 
Voyages,  17  vols-Hume's  England,  Bowyers  Edition-O'Halloran's 
History  of  Ireland— Houbrakens  Heads,  morocco—  Wellesley's  Des- 
patches—British Poets,  100  vols  —Dart's  Westminster  A bbev  — British 
Zoology,  coloured  plates— Hogarth,  original  impressions— MS.  Astro- 
logical Charts,  surrounded  by  beautifully  executed  Drawings— MS 
Common-Place  Books— Works  on  Freemasonry,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Music?!  Instruments. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square  W  C  on 
DAY,  February  L'.'J.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  'MUSICAL 
INSTRUMENTS,  comprising  Grand  and  Cottage  Pianofortes  Organs 
and  Harmoniums-Harps— Violins,  Violas,  Violoncellos,  and  Double 
Basses-Brass  and  Wood- Wind  Instruments,  aud  a  Small  Collection  of 
Ancient  and  Modern  Music. 

Catalogues  on  application. 

Miscellaneous  Property. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  fc  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
hv  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square.  WC.  on 
UDAY,  February  26,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely  MIS- 
CELLANEOUS PROPERTY,  comprising  a  Small  Collection  of  Antique 
Shver  containing  a  few  important  pieces— rare  Gold  and  Stiver  Coins 
—  Old  China  and  Cut  Glass,  and  Antique  Furniture,  including  Two  tine 
Chippendale  Sideboards- several  Dressing  Glasses— Inlaid  Oak  Chests 
Ac.  Catalogues  in  preparation 


SECOND  PORTION  of  the  well-knoun  Biblical  and  Litur- 
gical Library  of  I  IE  SHY  JOHN  FARMER  A  TKINSON, 
I*q.,  n.L.  I'.S.A.,t\c,  removed  from  Osborne  House,  Ore, 
H'tstings. 

A/TESSRS.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON    will    SELL 

i;.^.,?^  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leioester-square,  wc,  on 
moniiay,  Vaich  1,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely  the 
SECOND  PORTION  of  the  BIBLICAL  and  I.I  It  K<;ic a'l  LIBRARY 
of  H  J  FARMER  ATKINSON  Eaq  ,  HI,  F.8.A.,  *0„  comprising 
Rare  Editions  of  the  Bible  and  Book  ..f  Common  Prayer-  Missals— 
Hymnals— Early  Illustrated  Books  Illuminated  Manuscripts  Works 
on  Topography-and  Miscellaneous  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 


Autograph  Letters. 
ATESSRS.    PUTTICK   &    SIMPSON    will    SELL 

i'l     by  Al  CTIO.N.  at  thi-ir  House    17.  Leicester  -square    W.C     EARLY 

m£ii££&r£  "."'."  F0LL?9Tlt,N  of  AUTOGRAPH    LETTERS  and 

imm.i  mi-nth  or  KnniM-nt  Literary,  Scientific,  P  ets,  Musicians  and 
In' aL  ?!!  £l '.l,:  Ve.' ""na«e»-  amongst  which  will  be  found  Queen 
Elizabeth,  William  111,  H  Pepys  Napoleon  1.  Lord  Nelson,  Lady 
r«  ,'k  ,T'  ...  J  F,anklin-  Benjamin  Franklin,  f  Mendelssohn- 
Wfi  .  ■  r .  M«rta,Mfi  PattLC.  Lamb,  Lord  Byron,  T  Campbell.  George 
ff'JJ;  Ku^'n.  Lord  Luton,  Robert  Browning,  Mrs  Browning,  Sir 
W   Scott,  and  many  others. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Entire  Stock  of  Mr.  C.  PALMER,  of  Southampton-row,  who 
is  changing  the  character  nf  Ins  business. 

"MESSRS.    PUTTICK   ic    SIMPSON    will    SELL 

oVwfi/nAV.IV'm'  *.'  „th<>"\  »"<■«<>.  «,  Leicester- square,  wc. 
on  WEDNESDAY,  March  8,  and  Two  Following  Days  at  ten  minutes 
VSJmS^JSSH^'i  th0  """"IRE  STOCK  o,  M,  CLEMENT 
sranhr  ™".,  ,VVl',a',,p,on  r'!w.'  comprising  W„,ks  on  History,  Bio- 
mTAv.'.f  ?v,.  I bll°f™»'hT-  T"<'"i"gy,  Antiqnltie.  Astroloey  Sped 
Hl.tor*.  &,J  «?""*?  '"P<>K™PhJ.  valuable  Editions  of  English 
Histories,  Interesting  Manuscripts,  &c.  ~"B"°" 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on  receipt  of  two  stamps. 


M 


Miscellaneous  Engravings  and  Paintings. 

ESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL  by 

AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C,  on 
TUESDAY,  March  0,  and  One  Following  Day  at  ten  minutf-s  past 
1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVING^,  removed  from 
Bournemouth,  and  other  Private  Sources,  comprising  Ilare  Mezzotints, 
some  in  proof  states— Fancy  Subjects  after  Cosway,  Hartolozzi.  Minasi, 
Kauffman,  &c — Sporting  subjects  and  Caricatures— Topographical  and 
Architectural  Prints— and  Oil  Paintings,  both  old  and  modern. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 

FRIDAY  NEXT.— WO  Lots  of  Scientific,  Photographic,  and 
Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR.  J.   C.  STEVENS  will  SELL    the   above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King-street.  Covent-garden, 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  February  10,  at  half-past  1L'  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 

MONDAY,  February  22. 

General  Collection  of  Natural  History  Specimens,  Curios, 

China,  dec. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL    the   above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King-street,  Covent-garden, 
on  MONDAY,  February  22,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 

Miscellaneous  Books,  including  the  Library  of  the  late  Rev. 
W.  II.  BURNS,  of  Dae  re  Vicarage,  Penrith,  and  of  Clayton 
Hall,  Manchester. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms,  115.  Chancery-lane,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
February  17,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock,  VALUAULE 
ROOKS,  including  Coloured  Caricatures  by  Rowlandson,  Cruikshank, 
Woodward,  Aiken,  &c.  212  plates— Deighton's  Caricatures,  68  plates- 
Original  Pencil  Sketches  by  Leech  for  Punch— Two  Hundred  and  Two 
Etchings  after  the  Old  Masters— Galerie  de  Florence,  4  vols  — Penley  on 
Water  Colours— Westwood's  Palicographia  Sacra.  &c  ,  2  vols.  4to. — 
Harding's  Biographical  Mirrour,  3  vols — an  Illustrated  "Granger  "in 
5  vols.— Notes  and  Queries  from  1849  to  1896,  92  vols.— Knight  and 
Fisher's  Portrait  Galleries,  12  vols  —Strickland's  Queens,  S  vols — 
Couch's  Fishes,  4  vols —Morris's  Rirds,  &c.  11  vols.— Yarrell's  Birds. 
3  vols.— Rawstorne's  Gamonia— Jardine's  Naturalists'  Library,  40  vols. 
—  Maund's  Botanic  Garden,  21  vols.— Scott's  Novels.  First  "Editions. 
48  vols. — Watson's  Wordsworth's  Grave— Kipling's  Allahabad  Novels 
(6)— Hook's  Archbishops,  12  vols  —Baring-Gould's  Saints,  15  vols  — 
Cox's  Expositor,  22  vols  —Preachers'  Homiletic  Commentary,  24  vols. 
— Lapide's  Commentary,  10  vols.,  &c. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

"KEW  BEE"  ART  SOCIETY- -Water  Colours-Old  Drawings  and 
Paintings  by  Eminent  European  Masters— Engravings  after  Cosway, 
Pether,  and  Reynolds,  and  by  Bartolozzi,  Hogarth,  Albert  Diirer, 
and  others.  Plain  and  in  Colours— Mezzotints— Old  Books— Play- 
Bills— National  Portraits— Letters  of  Eminent  Men  and  Women 
from  A.D.  1799— Old  Postage  Stamps— Early  Queen  Victoria  Por- 
traits—Old Print  Collections  after  Old  Masters— Nelson  and  other 
Prints  and  Items  from  the  Blake  and  Nelson  Galleries  of  the  Royal 
Naval  Exhibition— and  numerous  Art,  Antiquarian,  Topographic, 
and  Literary  Items  of  value,  all  guaranteed. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  will  SELL  these  by 
AUCTION  (subject  to  reserve  prices  to  be  named  at  the  Sale), 
at  12,  Rockley-road,  Shepherd's  Hush-green,  London,  W.,  on  WEDNES- 
DAY NEXT,  February  17,  at  1  o'oclock  punctually. 

On  view  Tuesday.     Catalogues  on  the  Premises,  or  by  post,  three- 
pence each. 

ESSRS.     CHRISTIE,     MANSON     &    WOODS 

respectfully  give  notice  that  thev  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Kuoms.  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  : — 

On     MONDAY,    February    15,    ANCIENT    and 

MODERN  PICTURES  from  different  sources. 

On   TUESDAY,  February  16,  MEZZOTINT  and 

other  OLD  ENGLISH  ENGRAVINGS. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  1  7,  COLLECTION 

of  ORIENTAL  PORCELAIN  and  OBJECTS  of  ART.  the  Property  of  a 
GENTLEMAN  ;  old  French  Decorative  Furniture,  Italian  and  Freneh 
Rronzes.  &c  ,  from  various  sources. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  February  17.  and  Three  Fol- 
lowing Days,  the  REMAINING  WORKS  of  the  late  R.  REAVIS, 
R.W.S. 

On    TUESDAY,    February    23,   DRAWINGS    by 

T  Rowlandson  and  other  English  Humourists:  WATER-COLOUR 
DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  a  LADY. 

On  TUESDAY,  February  23,  and  Following  Day, 

the  FINAL  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 
VERTU  and  PICTURES  of  the  late  J.  RAWCL1FFE,  Esq  ,  of  Hurnley. 

On    THURSDAY,    February    25,     PORCELAIN 

and  DECORATIVE  Fl'ltNm  RE  of  E.  li.  ADDERLEY,  Esq 

On  FRIDAY,  February  26,  the  COLLECTION  of 

PORCELAIN  and  FAIENCE  Of  the  late  W.M  HHOCKHANK  Esq  •  OLD 
NANKIN  PORCELAIN,  the  1'iopeity  of  a  LADY,  &c. 

On  SATURDAY,  February  27,  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN   PICTURES  and   DRAW  JNi.s,  of  W.  BROCK-BANK,  Esq., 

deceased,  and  important  Modern  Pictures  and  Drawings  from  Private 

Collections  and  different  sources. 

On    MONDAY,  March   1,  MODERN    PICTURES 

and  DRAWINGS  from  different  sources. 

On   THURSDAY,  March   4,  .and   Following  Day, 

CONDOVEB  BALL  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART 
DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  and  ARMOUR  and  ARMS  of  the  late 
REGINALD  CHOLMONDELEY,  Esq, 

On  FRIDAY,   March    6,  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 

DECORATIVE  II  I!  N II  III  B  of  the  late  BARON  BORSCH  the  Rev 
sir  ALGERNON  COOTE,  Rail  ,  and  from  other  private  sources. 

On   SATURDAY,    March     6,    the    CONDOVER 

HALL  COLLECTION  of  PICTURES  of  the  late  REGINALD  CHOL- 
MONDELEY, Esq 


M 


TWO  NEW   NOVELS. 


£50  for  a  STORY. 


The  Editor  of  the  ROME  companion,  the  New  Weekly 
Journal  for  the  Home,  offers  Geo  foi  the  best  SHORT  STOBY  suitable 
for  that  Journal 

Full    particulars  appear  in   the  HOME   companion     ready  at    all 
Newsagent*  and  Bookstalls  on  rUBSDAY  m.\i     One  Penny, 

WORDSWORTH      1SUILDING,      LADY 
MARGARET    HALL     OXFORD,    With    other    Illustrations 
Modern  staim-d  mass.    Advancement    of   Architecture      li        i:  \ 
Lecture),  &c— See  th.   >:i  11  m.k  of  February  1 1  a.i  ,  by  post,  U 
Publisher  of  the  IimUlrr,  46,  Catherine-street,  London,  W  1 1, 


MAN     OF 
HONOUR. 

BY 

H.  C.  IRWIN. 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  6s. 

"  Much  good  and  careful  work  marks  'A 
Man  of  Honour.'  H.  C.  Irwin  is  a  writer 
of  thought  and  culture,  who  uses  his 
experiences  of  foreign  travel  to  admirable 
purpose  in  an  interesting  book." 

Black  and  White. 

"  We  have  read  many  and  many  a  story 
of  the  Indian  Mutiny,  but  Mr.  Irwin's  tale 
has  novelty  all  its  own." — Glasgow  Herald. 

"The  scenes  are  laid  in  the  time  of  the 
Mutiny,  and  there  are  several  graphic 
battle  pieces.  These,  with  the  earlier  Irish 
country  scenes  and  those  incidental  to 
soldier  life  in  India,  supply  a  befitting 
background  to  the  drama  of  love  and 
battle." — Dundee  Advertiser. 

"  Once  fairly  embarked  on  the  story,  it 
requires  no  slight  moral  effort  to  lay  the 
book  down  before  finishing  it." 

Literary  World. 

THE 
LIFEGUARDSMAN. 

Adapted  from  SCHIMMEL'S 
'  De    Kaptein    van    de    Lijfgarde.' 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  6s. 

"It  is  a  work  of  remarkable  power  and 
sustained  interest.  Right  to  the  end  the 
interest  is  maintained,  and  it  is  not  over- 
estimating the  work  to  say  that  few  historical 
novels  published  within  recent  years  are 
superior  to  this  adaptation  of  the  Dutch- 
man's story." — Scotsman. 

"We  have  no  other  novel  giving  so 
intimate  an  account  of  how  things  fell  out, 
and  what  obscure  events  and  persons  helped 
and  hindered  the  overthrow  of  James  II. 
But  the  chief  interest  of  the  book  turns 
round  the  private  person,  the  Lifeguards- 
man,  not  all  a  hero,  mistaken,  erring, 
unfortunate,  yet  a  brave  man,  and  of  the 
kind  that  stirs  our  sympathies  more  than  do 
immaculate  heroes." — lioolman. 

"  The  historical  portrait  strikes  us  as 
very  lifelike,  and  leaving  on  the  whole  a 
noble  impression.  The  events  of  1088-90 
are  faithfully  followod,  but  receive  a  now 
light  from  the  Dutch  point  of  view  in  which 
they  are  regarded." — National  Observer. 

"'The  Lifeguardsman '  is  a  historical 
novel  of  very  unusual  power  and  fidelity." 

lulfast  Northern  )M\ig. 


A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Soho-square,  London. 


L>!><) 


Til  E     A  Til  ENiEUM 


N°.'J616,  Feb.  13,  'U7 


CHATTO&WINDUS'S  NEW  BOOKS. 


FRANK   BARRETT'S   New  Novel,   A 
MISSING    WITNESS,    is 
ready,  with  8  Illustrations  by  Jl.  II. 
MARQETSON.      Crown  Svo.  cloth, 
.  6d. 


SKCONI)  EDITION  Jl'ST  READY. 

WITH  the  RED  EAGLE :  a  Romance 

of  the  Tyrol.  By  WILLIAM  WKSTALL.  Crown  Svo. 
cl..tii  gilt,  rts. 

"  It  new  l.'gs  or  falls  to  entertain  ;  i«  as  full  of  hairbreadt  h 
escapes  and  perils  by  Hood  and  field  as  the  most  jaded  of 
romance-renders  could  desire." — Manchester  Times. 

"  Mr.  Westnll  made  a  choice  singularly  happy  when  he 
selected  Tyrol  as  the  scene  of  his  new  tale,  and  Hofer  ami 

his  companions  as   the  heroes  of   it We  have  read  the 

story  with  great  interest,  and  feel  sure  that  no  one  who  likes 
the  stirring  adventures  of  brave  men  will  find  one  page  of  it 
dull." — Glasgow  Herald. 

BE Y 6 ND    the   PALE:    an    Irish 

Komance.      By    B.    M.    CEOKKK.    Author    of    'Diana 

Harrington.'    Crown  8vo.  buckram,  6s. 
"  The  Irish  people,  from  peasant  to  patrician,  in  the  story 
are  all  natural  and  fresh  — which  is  »b  much  as  to  say  that 

the  book  is  charming It  will  t>oth  please  its  readers  and 

add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author."— Scotsman. 

SBCOND  EDITION  JUST  READY. 

An  ANXIOUS  MOMENT.     By  Mrs. 

HUNGKKFORD,  Author  of  '  Molly  Bawn.'  Crown  8vo. 
cloth,  3s.  6d. 

"  Teems  with  the  same  delightful  qualities  that  have  won 
for  her  previous  volumes  the  warm  admiration  of  pleasure- 
loving  people." — Morning  Leader. 

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N  3616,  Fi.i'..  13,  '97 


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rWKLFTH  EDITION  READY  THIS  DAY. 

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FORTY-ONE     YEARS 

IN  INDIA. 

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in-Chief. 

By  FIELD-MARSHAL 

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true   temper  and  trustworthiness  of    one  of    its  greatest 

weapons  of  security,  the  army The  story  of  Lord  Koberts's 

life  should  be  studied  by  every  young  soldier The  peculiar 

charm  of  the  book  is  the  modest  and  generous  spirit  which, 
like  a  golden  thread,  runs  through  it." — Athenteum. 

"  A  book  which  should  be  read  and  studied  by  every 
Englishman  who  would  Bee  the  Queen's  rule  in  India  upheld, 
or  desires  to  know  something  of  the  soldiers  and  statesmen 
by  whom  her  enemies,  within  and  beyond  its  borders,  have 
been  vanquished." — Standard. 

"  It  is  truly  wonderful  how  Lord  Roberts  has  managed  to 
tell  so  much  about  the  stirring  events  in  which  he  took  an 
active  part,  and  often  a  first  place,  without  for  a  moment 
intruding  his  manifest  wisdom  in  council  and  patent  bravery 
in  the  field  upon  the  reader." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  We  heartily  congratulate  Lord  Roberts  on  his  book.  He 
has  often  before  written  and  spoken  like  the  good  soldier  he 
is,  but  now  he  writes  and  reasons  like  a  statesman,  and  shows 
himself  as  great  in  one  role  as  in  the  other."— New  Saturday m 

"The  volumes  form  an  authentic  and  authoritative  con- 
tribution to  the  history  of  India  during  its  great  transforma- 
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qualified  to  judge  concerning  the  present  condition  and 
future  prospects  of  the  Indian  Umpire.  They  happily  com- 
bine the  fascination  of  romance  with  the  enduring  interest 
of  truth." — Morning  Host. 

"  It  will  be  seen  that,  with  characteristic  modesty,  Lord 
Roberts  hangs  these  two  big  volumes  not  round  his  own 
heroic  and  tireless  career,  but  round  India ;  and  no  such 
book  about  India  has  ever  been  written.  For  in  writing 
Lord  Roberts  gets  straight  to  the  heart  of  a  matter  with  the 
same  unerring  instinct  that  taught  him  where  and  when  to 
strike  in  his  campaigns." — Queen. 

"  To  those  who  love  records  of  daring  and  adventure,  or 
who  have  not  yet  learned  or  tired  of  learning  anew  what  the 
British  soldier  is,  this  thrilling  story  may  be  commended  as 
second  to  none." — fall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  It  is  not  every  one  who  can  be  trusted  to  write  his  own 
life  ;  but  some  great  men  have  successfully  accomplished 
the  feat,  and  to  their  number  must  be  added  Lord  Roberts. 
Nothing  could  well  improve  upon  these  volumes.  The  story 
is  told  with  the  modesty  which  is  a  part  of  the  author's 
nature;  it  is  of  the  highest  interest  from  the  first  page  to 
the  last,  and  the  style  is  admirably  clear." — Guardian. 

"Lord  Roberts's  narrative  traverses  all  the  critical 
periods  of  Indian  war  and  politics  during  the  last  forty 
years.  He  writes  of  them  as  an  eye-witness,  as  an  expert, 
and  latterly  as  the  chief  actor  in  the  closing  scenes  of  an 
eventful  drama;  his  story  produces  the  vivid  impression 
which  comes  out  of  accurate  knowledge  and  strange  personal 
experiences." — Spectator. 

"  A  book  which  is  at  once  intensely  interesting  and 
exciting,  and  at,  the  same  time  supplies  a  vast  quantity  of 
first-hand  knowledge,  invaluable  alike  to  the  statesman  and 
the  political  student.  And,  last,  of  all,  it  is  a  remarkable 
revelation  of  the  type  of  character  rare  in  all  ages— that  of 
a  man  at  once  great  and  fortunate  who  has  remained  simple, 
modest,  and  unspoiled  by  success." — World. 

"To  the  statesman,  the  soldier,  and  the  journalist  these 
volumes  have  a  special  fascination;  but  the  mere  OD-looker 
who  wishes  to  learn  as  much  of  the  game  as  circumstances 
permit  will  nowhere  find  a  more  prolific  source  of  Informa- 
tion. The  style  of  the  writer  is  admirable  from  its  sim- 
plicity. There  is  scarcely  a  sentence  that  could  be  cavilled 
at  ;  compared  with  the  florid  and  artiticiil  work  of  some 
historians  it  is  perfection  itself.     It  never  tires  one." 

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13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


203 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  13,  1S97. 


CONTENTS. 

Capt.  Hinde's  Fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs     

Dr.  Caldwell  on  Schopenhauer  

A  Book  on  Kafiristan         

The  Tree  in  Mythology     

New  Novels  (Lady  Jean's  Son  ;  Blind  Bats ;  L'Amour 

Dominateur  ;  Sur  les  Kuines) 

The  Law  of  Commons  and  Rights  of  Way 

Recent  Verse    

Scandinavian  Novels  

Local  History 

Classical  School-books       

Annuals    

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books  ...  212 
The  Coronation  of  the  Conqueror  ;  Mklanchthon  ; 

Samuel    Pepys's    Will;     Thomas    Stapleton's 

Copy   of  the   Works   of   Sir   Thomas    More  ; 

'The  Testament  of  Love';  "The  Bookmaker's 

Bar" 214 

Literary  Gossip         

Science  —  Harper's     Alps     of     New     Zealand  ; 

Societies;  Meetings;  Gossip  217- 

Fine  Arts — Ford  Madox  Brown's  Works  ;  Mr.  G.  P. 

Boyce;  Sales;  Gossip 220 

Music— Thb  Week;    Gossip;   Performances  Next 

Week 222 

Drama— The  Week;  Gossip  

Miscellanea      


203 
204 
205 
206 

207 
203 
208 
210 
210 
211 
212 
-213 


-215 
216 

-219 

—222 

-223 
223 
224 


LITERATURE 


The   Fall  of  the    Congo  Arabs.     By  Sidney 

Langford  Hinde.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
As  Mr.  Hinde  has  resumed  his  earlier  pro- 
fession and  is  now  medical  officer  in  the 
British  East  African  Protectorate,  he  must 
not  be  held  responsible  for  some  faults  in 
this  account  of  his  experiences  as  a  warrior 
in  the  Congo  Free  State.  Had  he  been 
within  reach  of  proof-sheets  he  would  pro- 
bably have  filled  up  gaps  and  corrected  slips 
in  the  narrative,  or  seen,  at  any  rate,  that 
names  were  not  misspelt.  To  call  Dr.  Parke, 
the  friend  who  induced  him  to  enter  King 
Leopold's  service,  "  Dr.  Park  "  is  a  harmless 
error ;  but  such  mistakes  as  the  writing  of 
"  Five  "  for  Fievez,  the  name  of  one  of  his 
most  distinguished  colleagues,  are  mislead- 
ing. These,  however,  are  small  blemishes 
in  a  highly  interesting  and  instructive  book. 
Baron  Dhanis's  bald  official  report  of  his 
campaigning  between  1 892  and  1 894,  hitherto 
the  only  authentic  source  of  information  on 
the  subject,  is  here  amplified  and  supple- 
mented by  his  English  companion,  and  from 
the  two  accounts,  read  together,  a  clear 
notion  can  be  obtained  of  the  ugly  business 
described  in  them. 

Neither  Baron  Dhanis  nor  Mr.  Hinde  tells 
the  story  from  its  beginning.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  much  more  than  has  yet 
been  published  on  the  question  how  the 
Congo  State's  quarrel  with  Tippoo  Tib  and 
other  so-called  Arabs  with  whom  it  entered 
into  partnership  in  1 887  arose  and  developed. 
The  feud  had  grown  desperate  before  the 
end  of  1889,  when  Inspector  Fievez  achieved 
what  was  supposed  to  be  a  great  victory  over 
Tippoo's  followers  near  Stanley  Falls  ;  and 
only  harm  came  to  the  Congo  State  from  the 
numerous  little  expeditions,  pacific  or  puni- 
tive, under  MM.  Delcommune,  Le  Marinel, 
and  others,  which  ensued.  Though  State 
officials  resided  till  they  wore  killed  off  in 
the  so-called  Arab  strongholds,  they  were 
unable,  oven  if  they  tried,  to  check  the  slave- 
raiding  propensities  of  the  masters  of  tho 
situation,  and  it  is  clear  that  all  efforts  to 
control  or  got  profit  out  of  the  one-sided 
alliance  merely  added  to  the  troubles  of  tho 
State.  It  was  not  so  much  to  open  the  way 
to   Katanga  in    the   south   as   to   avert   a 


threatened  march  on  Leopoldville  and  the 
overthrow  of  all  which  was  left  of  King 
Leopold's  authority  in  his  African  dominions 
that  Capt.  (now  Baron)  Dhanis  was  sent  on 
the  expedition  of  1892. 

Mr.  Hinde  was  one  of  the  Europeans 
enlisted  for  this  or  similar  work,  but,  being 
detained  at  Leopoldville,  he  was  only  in 
time  to  join  Capt.  Dhanis  at  Lusambo,  on 
the  Sankurru,  when  the  first  campaign  was 
nearly  over.  Tippoo  Tib's  principal  agent 
in  this  district,  Congo  Lutete,  had  been 
repulsed  in  several  encounters,  and  was  pre- 
paring to  transfer  his  allegiance  from  Tippoo 
to  the  State.  Congo  Lutete,  then  about 
thirty  years  old,  5  ft.  9  in.  in  height — "a 
well  -  built  intelligent  -  looking  man,  with 
a  brown  skin,  large  brown  eyes  with  very 
long  lashes,  a  small  mouth  with  thin  lips, 
and  a  straight,  comparatively  narrow  nose," 
also  with  "extremely  dignified  manners" 
and  ' '  a  way  of  never  letting  any  one  forget 
that  he  was  a  chief " — appears  to  have 
been  a  favourable  specimen  of  the  cannibal 
Bantus  whom  the  Belgian  invaders  de- 
nounced as  Arabs  so  long  as  they  were  at 
war  with  them,  and  welcomed  as  patriotic 
allies  as  soon  as  they  came  to  terms  with 
the  State : — 

"  Gongo  Lutete  was  born  in  Malela,  and  was 
by  blood  a  Bakussu.  He  had  himself  been  a 
slave,  having  as  a  child  fallen  into  the  hands  of 
the  Arabs.  While  still  a  youth,  as  a  reward 
for  his  distinguished  conduct  and  pluck  on 
raiding  expeditions,  he  was  given  his  freedom. 
Starting  with  one  gun,  at  eighteen  years  of  age, 
he  gradually  collected  a  band  of  brigands  round 
him,  whom  he  ruled  with  a  rod  of  iron,  and 
before  long  became  Tippu  Tib's  chief  slave  and 
ivory-hunter.  He  established  himself  at  N'Gandu 
on  the  Lomami,  holding  part  of  Malela  for  Sefu, 
and  by  raiding  gradually  extended  his  influence 
to  the  westward,  which  brought  him  into  conflict 
with  the  State.  Capt.  Descamps  first,  and 
Baron  Dhanis  afterwards,  defeated  him.  After 
the  defeat  by  Dhanis,  in  April,  1892,  he  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  no  use  fighting 
any  longer  against  the  State  ;  and  since  the 
Arabs  for  some  time  past  had  paid  him  neither 
for  his  work  nor  for  the  ivory  he  sent  them,  he 
determined  if  possible  to  make  peace  with  the 
State  on  his  own  account.  This  was  a  wise  de- 
cision, as  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  Arabs  were 
both  afraid  and  jealous  of  his  power,  and  would 
probably  before  long  have  assassinated  him." 

Unfortunately  for  Gongo,  his  "  wise  de- 
cision "  only  staved  off  assassination  for  a 
year  or  so.  Taking  service  under  Capt. 
Dhanis  in  September,  1892,  and  placing  at 
the  State's  disposal  his  own  horde  of  five  or 
six  thousand  fighting  men,  besides  inducing 
other  native  chiefs  and  hordes  to  join  tho 
State  army — which  comprised  but  three  or 
four  hundred  Hausas  and  other  black 
troops  from  the  "West  Coast,  under  perhaps 
half  a  dozen  European  officers — Congo  ren- 
dered loyal  and  efficient  help  to  Capt. 
Dhanis.  Without  his  help,  or  its  equiva- 
lent, tho  whole  expedition  would  pi-obably 
have  failed.  "Gongo  Lutete  exceeded  his 
compact  with  us,"  says  Mr.  Hinde,  "and 
it  is  due  in  great  measure  to  his  caro  and 
pluck  that  we  were  successful  during  tho 
first  half  of  the  campaign."  But  in  Septem- 
ber, 1893,  on  what  appears  to  have  been  a 
trumped-up  chnrgo,  based  on  a  "  rumour 
that  Gongo  was  plotting  to  assassinato  tho 
Commandant,"  in  which,  according  to  Mr. 
ninde,  "  we  placed  no  faith  whatever,"  he 
was  made  prisoner  by  the  officer  in  charge 


at  Ngandu.  On  receipt  of  this  news  at 
Nyangwe,  Mr.  Hinde  was  hurried  off  to 
investigate  the  matter.  But  he  was  too  late. 
Three  days  before  his  arrival  Gongo  had 
been  "  tried  "  and  sentenced. 

"When,  after  the  court-martial,  poor  Gongo 
was  told  that  he  would  be  shot  the  following 
morning  at  eight  o'clock,  he  appointed  Lupungu 
his  successor,  and  when  left  in  his  cell  hanged 
himself  with  a  rope  plaited  from  part  of  his 
clothing,  to  avoid  the  disgrace  of  a  public  execu- 
tion. Unfortunately,  he  was  discovered  before 
life  was  extinct,  and  was  cut  down  and  resus- 
citated, and,  as  soon  as  he  was  sufficiently 
recovered,  marched  out  and  shot." 

No  mention  of  this  treacherous  treatment 
of  "  our  brave  and  faithful  ally  "  is  made  in 
Baron  Dhanis's  official  narrative,  nor  does 
it  seem  that  the  executioners  were  so  much 
as  reprimanded.  Lupungu,  however,  was 
allowed  to  succeed  his  father  in  the  chief- 
tainship, and  Nzigi,  Gongo's  eldest  son,  was, 
in  accordance  with  his  wishes,  sent  to  school 
in  Belgium,  "  to  undo  the  evil  effects  of  his 
Arab  teaching." 

In  language  that  is  all  the  more  picturesque 
because  it  lacks  polish  Mr.  Hinde  recounts 
the  difficulties  and  the  successes  of  Capt. 
Dhanis's  advance — after  he  had  gone  from 
Lusambo  to  Ngandu  and  there  secured 
Gongo's  co-operation  in  September,  1892 — 
against  the  forces  collected  by  Tippoo  Tib's 
son  Sefu  at  Nyangwe,  and,  after  Sefu  had 
been  defeated  and  Nyangwe  had  been  occu- 
pied in  March,  1893,  against  Kasongo, 
which  was  surprised  and  easily  captured  in 
April  : — 

"  Kasongo  was  a  much  finer  town  than  even 
the  grand  old  slave  capital  Nyangwe.  During  the 
siege  of  Nyangwe,  the  taking  of  which  was  more 
or  less  expected,  the  inhabitants  had  time  to 
carry  off  all  valuables,  and  even  furniture,  to 
places  of  safety.  At  Kasongo,  however,  it  was 
different.  We  rushed  into  the  town  so  suddenly 
that  everything  was  left  in  situ.  Our  whole 
force  found  new  outfits,  and  even  the  common 
soldiers  slept  on  silk  and  satin  mattresses,  in 
carved  beds  with  silk  mosquito  curtains.  The 
room  I  took  possession  of  was  eighty  feet  long 
and  fifteen  feet  wide,  with  a  door  leading  into 
an  orange  garden,  beyond  which  was  a  view  ex- 
tending over  five  miles.  It  was  hard,  on  waking, 
to  realise  that  I  was  in  Central  Africa,  but  a 
glance  at  the  bullet-holes  in  the  doors  and 
shutters,  and  a  big  dark  red  stain  on  the  wall, 
soon  brought  back  the  reality.  Here  we  found 
many  European  luxuries,  the  use  of  which  we 
had  almost  forgotten  :  candles,  sugar,  matches, 
silver  and  glass  goblets  and  decanters  were  in 
profusion.  We  also  took  about  twenty-five 
tons  of  ivory  ;  ten  or  eleven  tons  of  powder  ; 
millions  of  caps  ;  cartridges  for  every  kind  of 
rifle,  gun,  and  revolver  perhaps  ever  made  ; 
some  shells  ;  and  a  German  flag,  taken  by  the 
Arabs  in  German  East  Africa.  The  granaries 
throughout  the  town  were  stocked  with  enormous 
quantities  of  rice,  coffee,  maize,  and  other  food  ; 
the  gardens  were  luxurious  and  well  planted  ; 
and  oranges,  both  sweet  and  bitter,  guava, 
pomegranates,  pineapples,  and  bananas  abounded 
at  every  turn." 

The  Oriontal  civilization  that  the  conquerors 
found  in  Kasongo  contrasts  strangely  with 
the  barbarism  they  had  passed  through, 
and  provos  that,  if  tho  so-called  Arabs  did 
much  harm  to  tho  natives  by  their  slave- 
raiding,  their  rule  was  not  altogether  per- 
nicious. It  is  noteworthy  that  tho  natives 
for  the  most  part,  instead  >>f  welcoming  the 
Conquerors  aa  deliverers,  resented  their  in- 
trusion, and  had  to  be  freely  shot  down  and 
otherwise  severely  handled   before  the  new 


\'o| 


T  II  E    A  Til  i:\\k  r  M 


N  3610,  Feb.  13, 


masters  of  the  country  were  abL  I       I   blieh 
their  authority.    There  were  good  rusons 
for  the  Datives'  dietrnel  of  the  new-oomers. 
Though  the  "Arabs"  were  ruthless  slave- 
rsiders  and  may  have  killed    many  natives 
for  every   one    they  caught,  employed    u 
a  oarrier  of  ivory  to  the  eastern  mai 
and  there  disposed  <»f,  they  were  generous 
rulers  of  those  whom  they  allowed  to  live 
ami  trado  with  them.  Slave-raiding,  indi  ed, 
seems  to  have  been    l>ut  ono,  aud  not  tho 
chief,  means   to   the  end  they  ]iad   in  view. 
They  were  hero  engaged  ou  nioro  or  less 
successful   empire-making  to  the  west   and 
north  of  Lake  Tanganyika,  similar  to  thai 
which  earlier  adventurers  of  the  same  mixed 
raco    and    Moslem    faith    had    achieved    in 
what   aro   now  British   and   German   East 
Africa,   and  in  tho    districts    around  Lake 
Tchad    and  up  to  tho   Sahara,  with  whose 
occupants   tho  English  and    the  Germans, 
as  well  as  the  French,  are  now  in  contact. 
In   breaking   down — if    they  have  broken 
down — the   "Arab"  dominion    in  Eastern 
and  Southern  Congoland,   the  Belgian  in- 
truders have  substituted  for  it   no  new  or 
betterformof  civilization.  They  have,  rather, 
introduced  fresh  sorts  of  barbarism.    Gongo 
Lutete,  whatever  may  be  said  in  his  favour, 
and  yet   more   his   followers,  were   mainly 
induced    to  join    forces  with    the  Belgian 
intruders  by  the  opportunity  thus  afforded 
for    preying    upon    their    neighbours    and 
feasting  on  the  abundant  supply  of  human 
diet  provided  for  them.     One  of  the  excuses 
put  forward  by  Mr.  Hinde  for  the  cannibal- 
ism of  his  associates  is  that,  by  the  prompt 
eating  up  of  all  the  dead  bodies  left  on  a 
battle-field,  the  survivors  were  saved  from 
pestilence.     But  this  is  hardly  a  satisfactory 
apology  for  the  loathsome  practice,  which, 
on  Mr.  Hinde's    showing,  is    greatly    en- 
couraged by  such  promiscuous   and  wide- 
spread warfare  as  he  took  part  in.     Accord- 
ing to  his  account,  the  military  and  other 
operations  of  the  Congo  State  have  given 
a  new  taste  to  tribes  not  previously  initiated 
in   the   delights   of   man-eating,  and   have 
quickened  the  appetites  of  others.     In  Mr. 
Hinde's  book  there  are  many  passages  like 
this,   which    follows    his    account    of    the 
capture  of  Nyangwe  : — 

"For  three  days  we  saw  nothing  of  Lutete, 
and  I  learned  afterwards,  when  talking  over 
affairs  with  him,  that  during  this  time  he  had 
not  left  his  own  quarters  ;  the  sights  in  his 
camp  were  so  appalling  that  even  he  did  not 
care  to  put  himself  in  the  way  of  seeing  them 
unnecessarily.  He  told  us  that  every  one  of 
the  cannibals  who  accompanied  him  had  at  least 
one  body  to  eat.  All  the  meat  was  cooked  and 
smoke-dried,  and  formed  provisions  for  the 
whole  of  his  force  and  for  all  the  camp  followers 
for  many  days  afterwards.  A  volunteer  drummer 
who  had  been  with  us  for  some  time  disappeared, 
and  we  imagined  had  been  killed.  A  day  or 
two  afterwards  he  was  discovered  dead  in  a  hut 
by  the  side  of  a  half-consumed  corpse — he  had 
apparently  overeaten  himself,  and  had  died  in 
consequence." 

Capt.  Dhanis  thought  that  ho  had  crushed 
the  power  of  tho  "  Arabs"  by  his  successes 
in  March  and  April,  1893,  and  he  spent 
some  months  in  attempts  to  bring  tho 
natives  into  subjection ;  but  several  skir- 
mishes and  more  serious  engagements  had  to 
be  fought  near  Stanley  Falls  and  elsewhere, 
and  when  Bumaliza,  who  had  assumed  com- 
mand of  tho  "  Arab  "  forces  after  tho  defeat 


of   Sefu,  attempted  to  recover  ro  in 

October,  all  the  available  forces  of  the  81  I 
were  required  to  make  head  against  him. 
The  Fresh  campaign  Lasted  till  Janu 
1894,  when  a  chance  shot  from  a  new 
K'rupp,  which  had  arrived  and  was  being 
tested,  reached  a  magazine  in  the  "Arab" 
camp,  and  caused  an  explosion.  In  tho 
turmoil  that  resulted  vast  numbers  of  tho 
enemy  wore  killed  and  the  rest  dispersed. 
Soon  afterwards  Capt.  Dhanis  consul 
himself  justified  in  roporting  that  the  whole 
country  had  been  delivered  from"  Aral)  " 
tyranny,  some  70,000  foemen  having  been 
killed  in  the  process,  in  addition  to  the 
losses  on  his  own  side,  and  that  the 
authority  of  tho  State  had  been  finally 
established.  What  really  happened  is  not 
recorded  either  by  him  or  by  Mr.  Hinde. 

Mr.  Hinde's  plain-spoken  and  gruesome 
narrative  concludes  with  an  account  of  an 
expedition  on  which,  when  tho  war  was 
over,  he  was  sent  to  explore  the  upper 
waters  of  the  Lualaba.  In  the  opening 
chapters  he  tells  something  about  his  earlier 
experiences  between  Boma  and  Lusambo, 
and  especially  at  Leopoldville.  Even  in  that 
would-be  centre  of  Belgian  civilization  he 
found  nothing  to  admire.  "  The  station 
was  badly  supplied  with  provisions,  and,  as 
a  consequence,  both  the  white  and  black 
men  were  thoroughly  out  of  health."  The 
natives  of  the  district  who  prowled  about 
Leopoldville  and  its  outskirts  made  up  for 
lack  of  other  diet  by  body-snatching  in  the 
cemetery,  and  such  other  cannibalism  as 
was  within  their  reach.  The  blacks  in  the 
service  of  the  State,  most  of  them  brought 
from  the  West  Coast,  and  many  from  the 
British  possessions,  were  more  squeamish  or 
more  under  restraint ;  but  tho  control  over 
them  appears  to  have  been  mainly  exercised 
in  compelling  them  to  work,  and  punishing 
them  for  not  working,  whether  they  were 
ill  and  ill-fed  or  not. 

"  Prisons,  in  the  present  state  of  the  country, 
are  almost  an  impossibility,  and  the  substitute 
used  of  chaining  the  men  in  gangs  is  not  only 
detrimental  to  health,  but  is  in  every  way  per- 
nicious and  abominable  in  the  extreme,  and 
should  certainly  not  be  used  for  any  but  dan- 
gerous criminals.  When  half  a  dozen  or  a 
dozen  men  are  chained  in  a  row,  and  have  to 
work,  rest,  eat,  and  sleep  without  being  ever 
free  of  the  chain  for  weeks  and  sometimes 
months  together,  their  health  naturally  gives 
way.  Commandant  Dhanis  was  so  convinced  of 
the  harm  done  by  this  treatment,  which  often 
incapacitated  a  man  from  work  for  months  after- 
wards, that  he  practically  abolished  the  chain 
in  his  district." 

Baron  Dhanis  has  the  reputation  of  being 
more  humane,  as  well  as  a  better  soldier, 
than  some  of  his  brother  officers  in  the 
Congo  Free  State,  and  the  general  policy  of 
the  State  is  said  to  have  been  improved 
since  Mr.  Hinde  was  in  its  service.  But 
Mr.  ninde's  admissions  and  revelations  dis- 
close a  condition  of  affairs  in  which  there 
was  certainly  signal  room  and  need  for  im- 
provement, and  his  statements  aro  all  the 
more  suggestive  because  ho  is  evidontly 
anxious  to  speak  as  well  as  he  can  of  his 
former  employers  and  companions. 


8t  hujK  uhaui  r/i     8  its    Philotophicd 

8Up  By       William       Caldwell, 

M.A.,  D.fi  .  [Blackwood  I  Sons.) 
In  the  last  few  years  the  growth  of  Schoj 
hauer'a  fame  has  been  rapid  and  extensive 
enough  to  fullil  even  the  most  sanguine  of 
his  own  prophecies.  Never  did  any  writer 
repeat  the  "  Excgi  monumentum  "  with  a 
ter  show  Of  arrogance,  and  never,  at 
any  rate  in  the  sober  annals  of  philosophy, 
has  such  a  confident  prediction  been  more 
speedily  realized.  There  is  something  in 
the  boisterous  common  sense  of  certain  of 
Schopenhauer's  views  which  recommends 
him  to  the  practical  English  mind,  and 
therefore  it  is  not  strange  that  it  was  Eng- 
land which  provided  the  earliest  stimulus 
to  the  growtli  of  his  reputation  in  his  own 
country.  As  long  ago  as  1853  John  Oxen- 
ford's  article  in  the  Westminster  Review,  as 
everybody  knows,  first  drew  the  attention 
of  English  readers  to  the  misanthropic- 
sage  of  Frankfort,  who  was  railing 
equally  at  Hegelian  transcendentalism 
and  Anglican  bigotry,  denouncing  Hegel 
as  a  charlatan,  and  suggesting  that  anti- 
clerical missionaries  should  be  sent  over  to 
England  with  the  works  of  Strauss  in  one 
hand  and  Kant's  '  Critique '  in  the  other. 
The  article  had  the  incidental  effect  of 
revealing  to  the  Germans  that  they  had  a 
man  of  genius  among  them  whom  they  were 
unduly  neglecting.  But  although  Schopen- 
hauer's name  was  thus  introduced  to 
English  readers  in  his  lifetime,  it  was 
twenty  or  thirty  years  later,  when  he  had 
passed  away  and  his  character  and  his 
writings  had  been  the  subject  of  violent 
discussion  on  the  Continent,  before  English 
and  American  readers  began  to  take  more 
than  a  languid  interest  in  him.  It  is  only 
in  the  last  ten  years  that  that  interest  has 
become  deep  and  general,  thanks  to  trans- 
lations, first  of  his  chief  treatise,  and  then 
of  his  more  popular  and  brilliant  minor 
writings,  supplemented  and  enforced  by  a 
great  number  of  expository  and  critical 
articles  in  reviews  and  magazines,  and  by 
one  or  two  brief  biographies.  In  Germany 
there  have  been  several  attempts  at  a  formal 
estimate  of  his  whole  philosophical  achieve- 
ment ;  in  France  M.  Th.  Itibot  published 
in  1885  an  excellent  little  work  on  the  main 
aspects  of  his  theory;  but  no  English 
writer  has  hitherto  devoted  himself  to  an 
exhaustive  criticism  of  the  value  of  his 
entire  system.  It  has  been  reserved  for 
Dr.  Caldwell  to  undertake  this  work.  A 
writer  who  has  had  a  Scotch  train- 
ing and  is  Professor  of  Philosophy  at 
an  American  university  is  in  a  position 
to  gain  a  hearing  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic,  and  tho  present  volume,  the  out- 
come of  lectures  delivered  at  Edinburgh 
three  years  ago,  is  certainly  worth  the  close 
attention  of  all  who  are  attracted  by  Schopen- 
hauer. In  its  scopo  and  treatment  it  offers 
a  striking  testimony  to  that  philosopher's 
actual  hold  on  the  thought  of  the  genera- 
tion; and  whilo  it  supplies  an  interesting 
view  of  tho  intrinsic  value  of  his  doctrines, 
it  also  indicates  some  prevalent  misconcep- 
tions in  regard  to  them. 

Dr.  Caldwell  states  in  his  preface  that  his 
aim  has  been,  not  to  put  together  an  ex- 
position, or  even  an  exposition  and  criti- 
cism, of    Schopenhauer's    philosophy,    but 


N°3616,  Feb.  13, '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


205 


rather  to  connect   his  teaching  with  some 
few  broad  lines  of  philosophic  and   general 
thought,  and,  as  far  as  he  can,  with  some 
few  broad  principles  of  human  nature.    It 
must     be     plain,    however,    that    to     test 
Schopenhauer's      philosophy     by     any     of 
the    broad    principles     of    human    nature 
is,     if      the     process     be     properly     per- 
formed,   to     subject    it    at    once     to     the 
severest  and  most  practical  of  all  criticisms. 
Dr.  Caldwell  has  also  gone  a  long  way  in 
the  direction  of  effective  exposition  by  draw- 
ing  largely  on  translations  from  Schopen- 
hauer's  works,    more    particularly   on   cer- 
tain  little  volumes  of    selections    from  the 
«  Parerga.'     Of  the  criticism  here  offered  it 
must  be  said  that  it  is  always  acute  and 
well    informed,    and    often    powerful     and 
even     eloquent.      But    the    treatise    as    a 
whole   would    reveal    its    value    far    more 
readily   and   be   far   more   interesting  and 
readable  if  it  were  not  so  long.    It  is  surely 
possible  to  test  Schopenhauer's  philosophy 
by  the  broad  principles  of  human  nature  in 
fewer  than  five  hundred  large  pages,  even 
though  they  be  swelled  by  a  great  number 
of  quotations.    Nor  would  the  literary  effect 
of  the  volume  be  otherwise  than  increased 
if  Mr.  Caldwell  had  retrenched  the  some- 
what perplexing  exuberance  of   his   argu- 
ment.    "  The  half  is  more  than  the  whole  "; 
"le  mieux  est  l'ennemi  du  bien":     these 
familiar      proverbs     are     nowhere     more 
applicable   than   in   the    art   of    exposition 
and  criticism,  and  above  all  in  exposition 
and  criticism  devoted  to  philosophical  sub- 
jects.    The  general  defect  of  Dr.  Caldwell's 
treatment  is  that  lie  no  sooner  establishes  a 
clear  proposition  in  regard  to  some  feature 
of  Schopenhauer's  thought  than  he  obscures 
it  again   by  writing  round  it.     This  is    a 
defect  that  to  some  extent  originates  in  the 
very  acuteness  which  imparts  a  value  to  what 
he  says,  but  it  also  argues  a  certain  neglect 
of  the  truth  that  a  man  may  bo  too  thought- 
ful to  be  entirely  lucid. 

In  making  a  protest  against  the  foolish 
and  superficial  opinion  that  the  exaggera- 
tions of  Schopenhauer's  philosophy  are  to 
be  attributed  to  his  character,  and  that  his 
theories  are  to  be  explained  by  his  own 
disposition,  Dr.  Caldwell  strikes  the  right 
note  at  the  outset.  No  philosophy  deserves 
more  serious  and  intelligent  stud}',  for 
Schopenhauer's  system  marks  a  turning- 
point  and  begins  an  era,  in  a  sense 
not  less  real  than  that  in  which  a  similar 
assertion  may  bo  made  of  Kant.  In  pro- 
claiming that  the  substance  of  being  was 
not  thought,  but  will — that  will  was  the 
infinite  and  immanent  source  of  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  world — Schopenhauer 
took  a  step  in  advance  of  all  previous  philo- 
sophers. Dr.  Caldwell  marks  this  signi- 
ficance of  Schopenhauer's  system  by  saying 
that  it  is  his  service  to  have  reversed  the 
whole  process  of  German  philosoph}',  and 
to  have  looked  at  man  from  the  side  of 
irrational  action  and  passion,  to  which  the 
Kantian  ethics  and  the  Hegelian  dialectic 
had  paid  little  attention.  Ho  also  points, 
with  entire  justice,  to  the  difficulty  of  re- 
conciling Schopenhauer's  view  of  passion 
and  instinct  as  the  fundamental  reality  with 
the  glowing  language  in  which  he  speaks  of 
genius. 

Dr.    Caldwell   makes   frequent   reference 
to    what    he    describes    succinctly    as    the 


philosopher's  "illusionism,"  a  term,  how- 
ever, to  which  he  does  not  always 
appear  to  assign  exactly  the  same  mean- 
ing. At  one  moment  it  represents  the 
tendency  to  regard  knowledge,  and  even  the 
subject  which  knows,  as  merely  phenomenal 
— a  tendency  which  comes  in  the  end  to  make 
everything  seem  to  be  a  phenomenon  of 
everything  else;  at  another  it  is  used  as 
equivalent  to  a  negative  attitude  towards 
life  and  the  world;  at  another  moment, 
again,  it  is  merely  the  baffling  of  desire,  the 
unreality  of  all  ideals,  that  seems  to  be 
covered  by  the  word.  Schopenhauer  made 
great  attempts  to  escape  from  this  illusion- 
ism, and  in  so  far,  as  Dr.  Caldwell  observes, 
he  was  an  inconsistent  idealist.  Into  all 
the  bearings  of  the  question  on  which  Dr. 
Caldwell  here  touches  it  is  impossible 
to  enter.  It  is  enough  to  eay  that  he  dis- 
cusses not  only  Schopenhauer's,  but  all 
idealistic  theory  with  really  great  ability. 
Nor  is  he  less  interesting  in  the  way  in 
which  he  indicates  the  steps  by  which 
Schopenhauer's  philosophy  practically  be- 
came a  metaphysic  of  the  redemption  of  the 
individual  will  from  its  own  misery  and  that 
of  the  world. 

One  of  the  best  chapters  in  the  book  is 
that  on  the  "  Philosophy  of  Art,"  which, 
with  especial  clearness,  brings  out  the 
fact  that  it  was  more  of  the  insight  which 
art  affords  than  of  the  artistic  sense  for 
beauty  that  Schopenhauer  treated.  For  the 
philosopher  art  was  vision  into  the  world 
of  things  and  the  life  of  men — a  view  which 
stands  in  very  close  connexion  with  his 
general  theory  of  genius.  Here,  perhaps, 
more  effectively  than  in  any  other  part  of 
his  treatise  does  Dr.  Caldwell  indicate  the 
conflict  between  the  will  and  the  idea  in 
Schopenhauer's  system. 

In  the  passages  in  which  he  declares  that 
Schopenhauer  had  a  good  deal  of  contempt 
for  history  and  historical  analysis,  Dr. 
Caldwell  indulges  in  some  interesting  re- 
flections on  the  consequences  of  this  defect 
on  the  part  of  the  philosopher.  In  the 
first  place,  it  made  him,  says  Dr.  Caldwell, 
fail  to  realize  the  historical  antecedents  of 
some  of  the  elements  in  his  own  system. 
It  would  have  been  well  if  Dr.  Caldwell 
had  indicated  the  elements  to  which  he 
alludes,  as  Schopenhauer's  knowledge  of 
the  history  of  philosophy  is  commonly  used 
for  the  very  purpose  of  showing  how  well 
his  theories  agree  with  the  teachings  of 
tho  best  of  his  predecessors.  Secondly,  the 
defect  is  alleged  to  have  prevented  him 
from  properly  appreciating  the  fact  that 
thought  as  well  as  will  is  operative  in  the 
world,  and  that  men  have  shown  the  greatest 
enthusiasm  and  self-denial,  not  merely  for 
material,  but  also  for  intellectual  and  ideal 
wants.  There  aro  many  passages  scattered 
through  Schopenhauer's  writings  in  wdiich 
he  appreciates  this  fact  to  the  full,  but  he 
lias  his  own  explanation  and  justification 
of  it,  neither  of  which  is  in  any  way  in- 
validated by  a  contempt  for  that  mere 
transition  of  events  which  was  all  ho  could 
perceive  in  history.  That  ho  looked  upon 
history  not  as  a  progressive  revolution,  but 
only  as  a  constant  reshaping  of  old  and 
permanent  elements— like  the  groupings  of 
the  bits  of  j^lass  in  a  kaleidoscope — cannol 
be  advanced  as  a  proof  that  ho  failed  to 
recognizo   either   tho   antecedents  of    some 


parts  of  his  own  system  or  the  play  of 
ideals  in  human  society.  Dr.  Caldwell 
asserts  that  Schopenhauer  was  unable  to 
regard  history  as  the  manifestation  of 
rational  will,  and  that  this  inability  led  him 
into  certain  difficulties.  Schopenhauer,  who 
denied  that  history  in  general  could  be  so 
regarded  with  any  real  consistency,  would 
probably  have  replied  that  to  maintain  the 
theory  would  lead  to  difficulties  still  worse. 

Mingled  with  his  discussion  of  Schopen- 
hauer's views,  particularly  on  the  value  of 
life,  Dr.  Caldwell  advances  many  pleas  and 
arguments  which  may  be  used  in  arrest  of 
pessimism.  He  is  of  opinion,  and  rightly, 
that  to  employ  this  term  as  an  adequate 
characterization  of  the  philosopher's  system 
is  misleading.  Schopenhauer  himself  un- 
doubtedly attached  as  much  importance  to 
the  positive  aspects  of  his  system  as  to  the 
negative.  Still,  his  pessimism  remains,  and 
it  is  part  of  Dr.  Caldwell's  duty  to  combat 
the  extreme  form  which  it  takes.  To  approach 
the  world,  he  says,  in  the  proper  spirit  is  to 
find  it  new  and  full  of  significance ;  and  if 
Schopenhauer  writes  at  times  as  if  he  held 
this  comfortable  doctrine,  it  is  because  he  is 
wise  in  spite  of  himself.  Of  how  many  of 
us,  philosophers  and  philistines,  may  not  the 
same  be  said  ? 


Tlie  Kdfirs  of  the  Hindu- Kusli.  By  Sir 
George  Scott  Eobertson,  K.C.S.I.,  British 
Agent,  Gilgit.  Illustrated  by  A.  D. 
McCormick.  (Lawrence  &  Bullen.) 
The  country  known  as  Kafiristan  is  specially 
interesting— to  explorers  and  geographers 
because  it  is  little  known  and  difficult  of 
access,  and  to  others  because  what  informa- 
tion we  have  points  to  a  country  wild, 
inhospitable,  and  mountainous,  inhabited 
by  a  race  who,  in  spite  of  the  pressure  of 
fanatical  proselytizing  Mohammedans  greatly 
exceeding  themselves  in  numbers  and  better 
armed,  had  till  recently  maintained  their 
independence  and  secured  the  respect  of 
their  foes.  In  addition  to  this,  whilst  tho 
men  were  bravo,  the  women  were  said  to 
be  fair,  and  by  tradition  the  people  are  of 
European  descent,  claiming  a  common  origin 
with  the  warriors  of  Alexander  the  Great.^ 

This  remote  country  is  mentioned  in 
history  from  time  to  time.  It  was  invaded 
by  Timur  in  1398  on  his  way  to  India.  The 
Emperor  Baber  was  on  its  borders  in  1514. 
In  1604  or  1605  the  Jesuit  traveller  Benedict 
de  Goes  went  that  way  towards  Cathay,  and 
recorded  that  when  between  Peshawar  and 
Jalalabad  he  heard  of  a  country  to  the  north 
called  "  Capperstam,"  whose  people  were 
hostile  to  Islam,  wore  black  clothes,  made 
and  drank  wine,  and  had  temples.  In  1809 
Mountstuart  Elphinstone  procured  informa- 
tion through  a  certain  Mulla  Najib,  and 
recorded  that  "  tho  Kafirs  were  celobratod 
for  their  beauty  and  their  European  com- 
plexions. They  worshipped  idols,  drank 
wine  in  silver  cups  or  vases,  and  spoko  a 
languago  unknown  to  their  neighbours." 
In  recent  times  somo  slender  additions  to 
our  knowledge  of  tho  country  and  people 
have  been  made  by  various  persons,  amongst 
whom  Major  Biddulph,  who  was  poli- 
tical officer  at  Gilgit,  in  an  interesting 
book  called  '  Tribes  of  the  Hindoo 
Koosh,'  has  devoted  a  few  pages  to  the 
Kafirs.     His     remarks     confirm     generally 


200 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.K  i;  M 


N  •;0ir,<  Feb.  13,  '97 


what  Elphinatone  and  othen  had  recorded, 
and  he  mention*  their  .  and 

dancing.     But  perhaps  his  most  suggestive 

remark  is  that  the  Russian  Terentieff  "  has 
confidently  asserted  that  tiny    tin-   BZafirs 
are  Lnoonteetably  of  Slav  origin,  ami  the 
natural  subjects  of  the  Czar"  !  Ool.  Tanner, 

who  was  for  .soiiio  time  on  the  border  of 
the  country,  observed  a  similarity  betwoon 
their  speech  ami  that  of  the  people  of 
1  Lghmin,  Kohistan,  ami  Dehgan;  ho  de- 
scribed their  dross,  noticing  specially  the 
boots  of  markhor  skin  with  a  hand  of  hair 
or  fur  below  tho  calf.  He  further  men- 
tioned among  their  furniture  hit,  a  cot  or 
bedstead,  and  aid,  a  stool,  a  peculiarity  of 
this  raco  with  which  Europeans  can  sym- 
pathize being  that  they  sit  on  a  stool,  instead 
of  squatting  on  their  heels  in  tho  manner 
common  to  the  ordinary  Indian.  After 
hearing  Col.  Tanner's  paper  read  Col.  II. 
Vulo  remarked  that  when  Kafiristan  was 
explored  the  Geographical  Society  might 
close  its  doors.  Mr.  McNair,  who  was 
employed  in  the  topographical  survey  of 
India,  appeared  next  on  the  scene.  He 
claimed  to  have  entered  the  country  on  the 
Lutdeh  side,  though  this  has  been  denied  by 
Sir  George  Eobertson  with  somewhat  scant 
courtesy  as  having  "no  other  base  than 
his  bare  assertion."  In  1885-C  Col.  (now 
Sir  W.)  Lockhart  and  his  party  entered  the 
upper  part  of  the  Bashgul  valley,  but  left 
after  a  very  short  stay;  and  he  was  followed 
some  five  years  later  by  Dr.  Eobertson, 
whose  interesting  paper,  read  to  the  Eoyal 
Geographical  Society  in  1894,  has  been 
expanded  into  the  portly  but  handsome 
volume  under  notice. 

Its  author  joined  the  Indian  medical 
service  in  1878,  and  has  seen  field  service 
in  Afghanistan ;  he  has  also  done  duty  with 
a  mountain  battery  and  as  a  civil  surgeon. 
Whilst  thus  employed  his  opportunity 
occurred.  A  pioneer  was  wanted  for  the 
purposes  of  the  frontier  policy  of  the  time, 
and  for  this  class  of  work  a  doctor  possesses 
special  qualifications.  To  a  knowledge  of 
his  profession,  which  is  decidedly  useful  in 
conciliating  semi-savages,  he  unites  more  or 
less  scientific  attainments  with  the  power  of 
making  simple  observations  and  recording 
information.  Eobertson  was  selected  and  sent 
to  Kafiristan ;  he  served  also  as  surgeon  to 
the  Agency  at  Gilgit,  and  in  1892  was  placed 
in  charge  of  the  Chitral  mission,  Capt. 
Frank  Younghusband,  well  known  as  an 
explorer,  being  one  of  the  members.  At 
first  all  was  quiet,  the  visit  of  the  Hon.  G. 
Curzon  being,  perhaps,  the  chief  excite- 
ment;  but  early  in  1895  troubles  arose 
which  involved  the  well-known  defence. 
For  his  services  during  the  operations  Dr. 
Eobertson  was  made  K. C.S.I. 

Having  thus  briefly  sketched  his  career, 
wo  must  return  to  Kafiristan.  In  1889  he 
ascertained  that  the  Kam  tribe  wore  on 
good  terms  with  Chitral,  whose  chief  exer- 
cised an  acknowledged  suzerainty.  This 
influenco  was  used  to  facilitate  a  short  visit 
to  Kamdesh,  whence  he  returned  accom- 
panied by  a  Kafir.  Sir  George's  idea— an 
excellent  one — was  to  persuade  some  of  tho 
headmen  to  accompany  him  to  India  and 
see  the  wonders  of  that  land,  whilst  at 
tho  same  time  he  and  they  would  learn  to 
understand  each  other,  and  information 
useful  for  a  second  and  longer  stay  might 


acquired,       But     tho     headmen    • 

SUSpicioUS,  am!    deputed    a    man    oi   no    im- 

portanoe,  lor  the  sufficient  reason  that  if  he 
were  killed  or  enslaved  it  would  not  matter 
much  to  the  tribe.  The  party  appears  to 
have  had    a    delightful    journey    through 

Kashmir  to  Calcutta,  and  Sher  Malik,  the 
Kafir,  might  have  visited  England,  for  Dr. 
Robertson  came  to  London  to  relit.  Return- 
ing thence,  ho  met  Sher  Malik  at  Srinagar, 
ami,  apparently  al.out  the  end  of  July, 
1890,  started  for  Kafiristan.  Chitral 
reached  by  the  middle  of  September,  after 
a  lamentable  accident  when  crossing  the 
Indus  at  Bunji:  a  boat  was  swamped, 
several  men  were  drowned,  and  many  things 
brought  from  London  were  lost.  The  chief 
of  Chitral  opposed  another  visit  to  Kafiri- 
stan, and  it  seems,  when  ho  found  Dr.  Eobert- 
son determined  to  go,  that  he  used  many 
devices  to  frustrate  the  expedition.  A  good 
deal  of  trouble  and  some  danger  resulted, 
but  both  were  surmounted  by  the  judicious 
and  resolute  front  which  the  doctor  showed, 
of  which  several  instances  will  be  found  in 
his  book.  We  gather  that  this  second  visit 
lasted  a  little  more  than  a  year,  and  that 
he  left  Kamdesh  on  October  22nd,  1891. 

It  is  admitted  with  regret  that  the  work 
of  exploration  was  incomplete  and  that  the 
prospect  of  returning  to  finish  it  is  now 
remote,  but  the  result  of  the  experience 
gained  is  thus  recorded  : — 

"The  first  thing  is  to  try  and  impress  their 
[the  Kafirs']  minds  with  the  idea  of  a  strong 
personality.  Geniality  and  grave  kindness  of 
manner  are  as  valuable  as  anything  like  buf- 
foonery or  '  chaff '  is  hurtful.  The  Kafirs  would 
at  times  shout  with  laughter  at  good-tempered 
ironical  remarks  of  a  very  simple  kind.  With 
an  excitable  people,  such  as  they  are,  perfect 
coolness  and  command  of  the  temper  when  they 
are  effervescing  or  clamouring  are  indispensable. 
Ignorance  of  the  language  spoken  has  its  advan- 
tages as  well  as  its  drawbacks.  It  is  even  neces- 
sary sometimes  to  assume  a  greater  ignorance 
than  you  possess.  On  more  than  one  occasion 
at  Kamdesh,  a  furious  conclave  has  been  com- 
pletely discomfited  by  my  quietly  bringing  a 
chair,  sitting  down  in  a  convenient  position, 
watching  the  proceedings  with  a  sympathetic 
interest  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  turning  to 

my    book Truthfulness   is    very    important. 

The  Katirs  used  to  test  my  word  by  coming 
back  a  week  or  two  after  they  had  been  told 
stories  of  things  which  appeared  marvellous  to 
the  verge  of  impossible  in  their  eyes.  They 
would  with  assumed  ingenuousness  revert  to  the 
former  conversations,  and  would  cross-examine 
me  with  great  skill.  I  always  took  care  that 
numbers   and    other  facts  never  varied  in  my 

answers A  greater  mistake  cannot  be  made 

than  to  strive  unduly  to  win  the  affections  of 
the  people.  The  thing  itself  is  practically  an 
impossibility.  If  you  retain  their  respect  and 
confidence,  and  possibly  their  gratitude  also, 
nothing  more  is  necessary." 

This  is  all  excellent,  and  there  is  much 
interesting  detail  concorning  the  character 
of  tho  people,  their  habits,  and  curious 
religious  ceremonies ;  wo  are,  however, 
hound  to  say  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
information  about  the  Kafirs  is  rather  a 
confirmation  of  what  had  already  been 
gathered  than  an  addition  to  our  kuow- 
Ledge,  and  to  the  geographer  the  results 
of  tho  expedition  are  somewhat  disappoint- 
ing. Many  places  mentioned  in  tho  text 
are  not  to  bo  found  in  the  map,  which  is, 
perhaps,  on  too  small  a  scale.  Tho  volume 
is  heavy  to  hold,  and  has    no    fewer   than 


it  would  bo  much 
unproved    by   judicious    an  at   and 

compression.       The    common    fault    of 
being  pre.  ;.,■  ;,,  committed  throuf 

out  —  thus  tho  reader  is  constantly  told 
that  on  tho  next  day,  or  a  few  days 
r,  or  on  the  7th,  or  on  October  1  1th, 
certain  events  happened  ;  but  to  find  out  in 
what  Fear,  or  even  in  what  month,  involves 
provoking  waste  of  time  and  unnecessary 
trouble.  Again,  whilst  there  i-^  much  com- 
paratively unimportant  detail,  information 
on  many  points  of  interest  is  wanting.  1  or 
example,  were  tho  routes  followed  survey 
were  observations  useful  for  map-making 
taken,  or  are  the  villages  merely  placed  by 
guess  ?  Are  the  markhor  similar  to  tl. 
of  Kashmir,  or  do  they  resemble  the  variety 
found  in  the  hills  west  of  the  Indus  ?  A 
a  great  deal  has  happened  in  Kafiristan 
since  1892  concerning  which  Sir  George 
Eobertson  might  surely  have  been  able  to 
tell  us  something  of  interest  without  violat- 
ing a  reasonable  and  praiseworthy  reti- 
cence in  respect  to  matters  which  are  still 
the  subject  of  negotiation.  The  illustra- 
tions are  generally  so  clever  that  some 
detail  concerning  them  would  have  been 
acceptable.  Both  portraits  and  landscapes 
have  an  air  of  fidelity  not  easily  accounted 
for  unless  they  were  taken  from  nature ; 
but  as  Mr.  McCormick  was  never  in 
Kafiristan  he  must,  presumably,  have 
worked  from  photographs,  and  it  would 
be  interesting  to  know  whether  the  results 
are  as  faithful  as  they  appear.  The  absence 
of  an  index  is  a  great  blemish  in  a  book 
of  this  class,  which  has  more  than  ephemeral 
interest,  and  it  would  be  well,  if  another 
edition  is  required,  to  supply  the  defect. 
These  remarks,  however,  are  made  in  no 
carping  spirit;  author,  artist,  and  pub- 
lishers have  successfully  combined  to  pro- 
duce an  ornamental  book,  a  notable  addi- 
tion to  those  concerning  the  countries  in 
the  decreasing  zone  between  the  English 
and  Eussian  empires. 


The   Sacred  Tree.      By  Mrs.  J.  H.  Philpot. 

(Macmillan  &  Co.) 
The  author  of  '  The  Sacred  Tree '  affords  the 
reviewer  an  unfair  advantage  by  the  danger- 
ous candour  of  her  preface.  She  "  lays  no 
claim  to  scholarship,  independent  research, 
or  originality  of  view."  Indeed,  her  work 
is,  more  or  less,  a  summary  of  Eobert- 
son Smith,  Manuhardt,  and  Mr.  Frazers 
'  Golden  Bough,'  with  references  to  Bdtticher 
and  others.  While  confining  herself  to  the 
religious  aspects  of  trees  and  vegetation, 
Mrs.  Philpot  warns  her  readers  not  to 
"  undervalue  the  significance  of  the  parallel 
facts  from  which"  those  of  tree  worship 
"  are  severed  ''  in  her  volume. 

As  the  book  lays  no  claim  to  novelty, 
and  is  but  a  well- written,  well-printed,  and 
well-illustrated  summary  for  the  general 
reader,  we  may  take  the  opportunity  of 
asking  whether  the  vegetable  origins  of 
religion  aro  not  being  overdone.  The 
idolon  specus  of  the  mythologist  is  to  work 
with  a  single  key  where  a  bunch  is  neces- 
sary. We  have  seen  the  ark,  the  serpent, 
tho  ancestral  ghost,  the  totem,  the  sun,  tho 
dawn,  the  stornicloud,  the  sky,  the  air,  used 
and  abused.  Jehovah  has  been  reduced,  in 
origin,  to  an  old  gravestone.     Now  it  is  the 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


207 


turn  of  "  the  simple  fruits  of  the  earth," 
as  Mr.  Purnblechook  says.  Of  course  Mr. 
Frazer,  like  the  lamented  Mannhardt  and 
Eobertson  Smith,  knows  well  that  "vegeta- 
tion spirits"  are  not  everything.  Mrs. 
Philpot  also  knows  it,  but  the  general 
reader,  finding  "vegetation  spirits"  as 
prevalent  with  her  as  the  sun  and  the  dawn 
with  Prof.  Max  Muller,  or  thunder  with 
Schwartz,  or  lightning  with  Kuhn,  or  the 
crepuscule  with  Ploix,  or  the  ark  with 
Bryant,  may  think  that  here  is  the  real 
key  to  all  mythologies,  the  vegetable. 
Mrs.  Philpot  says,  "According  to  Mr. 
Farnell,  the  latest  writer  on  the  subject, 
the  chief  gods  of  the  Greeks  were,  in 
their  origin,  deities  of  vegetation."  Alas ! 
even  the  latest  writer  is  not  necessarily 
right.  The  gods  are  of  unknowable  origin. 
Zeus  was  not  a  turnip,  nor  Ares  a  corn- 
stalk. The  gods,  indeed,  have  arboreal 
attributes,  "Dionysus  in  the  tree,"  and  so 
on  ;  but  they  have  also  bestial,  lunar,  solar, 
aerial,  and  spiritual  attributes.  The  origins 
no  man  knows ;  the  gods  are  masses  of 
accretions,  the  germ  of  the  nucleus  is  a 
mystery.  We  can  readily  discern  and  dis- 
engage this  or  the  other  attribute  in  a  god, 
but  we  have  seen  far  too  many  theories 
of  origins  go  where  the  roses  go.  The 
vegetation  theory  is  overblown  —  it  will 
follow  the  ark  and  the  dawn. 

Two  points  may  benoted  where  Mrs.  Philpot 
shows  a  deficient  critical  sense.  The  divining 
rod,  she  t  hinks,  following  "  R.  Smith,"  is  "  a 
superstition  cognate  to  the  belief  in  sacred 
trees,"  and  she  goes  on  to  marvel  that 
"people  calling  themselves  educated"  em- 
ploy "  dowsers."  But  they  do  it  because 
they  find  it  pay  !  Mrs.  Philpot  says,  "It  is 
not  necessary  to  discuss  the  credibility  of 
their  assertions,  or  to  formulate  a  theory  to 
account  for  their  success."  Surely  it  is 
necessary.  For  if  the  dowser  succeeds,  as 
he  does,  in  a  sufficient  percentage  of  cases 
to  make  people  find  it  worth  while  to  employ 
him,  then  the  chances  are  that  his  empirical 
success,  due  to  a  traditional  method  accident- 
ally discovered,  and  not  connected  with  tree 
worship,  is  the  origin  of  his  process.  Twigs 
are  not  the  only  things  employed.  The 
Tartars  use  a  bench  (Tylor),  and  if  that  be 
a  relic  of  tree  worship,  so  is  table-turning. 
Indeed,  the  Thibetans  are  said  to  substitute 
tables  for  divining  rods.  Some  English 
dowsers  use  nothing  but  their  bare  hands. 
Again,  if  the  divining  rod  is  "  mentioned 
in  the  Vedas,"  the  exact  reference  is 
surely  worth  giving.  A  Lady  Noel  is 
quoted  as  a  successful  amateur  dowser 
{Quarterly  Review,  xliv.  p.  373).  The  article 
might  be  Sir  William  Hamilton's  if  he 
ever  wrote  in  a  Tory  journal.  Lady  Mil- 
banke,  Byron'swife's  mother, also  "dowsed." 
Dr.  Hutton  tested  Lady  Noel  with  success. 
The  Chinese  use  peach-tree  twigs  in  a  kind 
of  planchette.  The  wood  chosen  usually  has 
some  superstitions  attached  to  it,  but  any 
wood  will  do  as  a  vehicle  of  automatic 
adion,  real  or  feigned.  The  casual  dis- 
covery of  this  fact,  not  tree  worship,  is  the 
origin  of  the  divining  rod. 

<  ince  more  we  felt  a  presentiment  that 
Robin  Hood  would  appear  as  "originally 
a  representative  of  the  vegetation  spirit," 
liko  Osiris  and  every  one  else.  Our  predic- 
tion is  fulfilled.  The  evidence  adduced  by 
Mrs.  Philpot  is  that  Robin  "is  spoken  of  in 


an  old  book  of  1576  as  King  of  the  May." 
What  old  book?  And  how  can  a  casual 
remark  of  1576  be  proof  as  to  the  origin  of 
a  hero  known,  not  as  King  of  the  May,  two 
hundred  years  earlier  ?  Prof.  Child,  in  his 
essay  on  Robin  in  his  great  edition  of  the 
ballads,  has  surely  exploded  the  attempts  to 
mythologize  the  kindly  outlaw  of  Sherwood 
Forest. 

Mrs.  Philpot's  work  gives  the  general 
reader,  who  "does  not  go  very  deep  into 
these  subjects,"  a  glance  at  the  conclu- 
sions of  her  masters.  If  the  general 
reader  only  remembers  the  fugitive  nature 
of  all  theories  that  are  pushed  too  far,  he 
will  be  entertained  and  even  instructed.  At 
more  Mrs.  Philpot  does  not  aim. 


NEW   NOVELS. 


Lady  Jean's  Son.    By  Sarah  Tytler.  (Jarrold 

&  Sons.) 
The  defect  in  Sarah  Tytler' s  eighteenth  cen- 
tury romance  is  the  unnecessary  mystifica- 
tion of  the  famous  "  Douglas  Cause  "  by  the 
employment  of  fictitious  names.  Why,  when 
in  other  details  the  facts  are  followed,  should 
Archibald  Stewart,  the  successful  claimant, 
be  called  "  John  Drummond,"  or  the  Duke 
of  Hamilton  figure  as  "  Andrew  Douglas  of 
Douglas  Place  "  ?     This  seems  an  unfortu- 
nate    departure    from    the   usual    practice 
of     "  historical     novelists."      Yet    in    her 
main    purpose,  the   presentment    of    Edin- 
burgh society  in  the  third  quarter  of  last 
century,    it    must    be    admitted    that    the 
author  has  succeeded.    We  see  the  old  town 
in  its  picturesque  mixture  of  roughness  and 
magnificence,  and  its  close  juxtaposition  of 
classes,  from  which  its  native  aristocracy  is 
not  yet  eliminated.  Here  lived  Mrs.  Cantrips, 
of  Kittlebasket,  at  the  very  top  floor  in  the 
Covenant  Close  ;  and  here  we  find  the  formal 
Mr.  Simon  Erskine,  advocate,  with  his  large 
family  of  noisy  lads  and  lasses,  on   whom 
his    nineteen  -  year  -  old    daughter,    gentle 
Jeanie,     spends    her    care,     subduing    her 
simple  inclinations  for  pleasure,  even   her 
hopes   of  marriage,  for  their   sakes.     And 
it   is    on    the    plain  -  stanes    of    this    city 
that  we  find  our  friend    Jeanie    aforesaid, 
walking  with  her    intimate,  Lady  Marget 
Elliot,  of  the  "  Teviotdale  "  family,  on  their 
way   to   the   Parliament   House,  in   which 
both  have  a  personal  interest.     For  Lady 
Marget,  the  beauty  of  her  day,  is  as  good 
as   pledged   to  young   Jock    Douglas,    the 
defender  in  the  great  succession  case,  and 
a  certain  red-haired  masterful  Davie  Elphin- 
stone,    his    junior   counsel,    is    looking    to 
success  therein  to  bring  him  nearer  to  the 
hand  of  gentle  Jeanie  Erskine.     Both  girls 
are  well  drawn  and  well   contrasted,  both 
genuine  and   ardent  in  their  love,  and  both 
held  back,  the  ono  by  her  social  instincts, 
which  compel    her  to  tear  Jock  from  her 
heart  if  he  is  declared  to  be  an  impostor, 
the  othor  by  the  filial  duty  which  her  easy- 
going,    but    imperious     father     takes    for 
granted.     There  are  several  good  scenes  in 
the  book:  the  farewell  minuet  which  Jock 
and  Marget  dance  with   stifled  passion   at 
their  hearts  ;  Jock's  interview  in  the  kitchen 
of  Joanie  Burnet,  the  radio's  wife,  with  the 
old    Frenchwoman    who    claims    to    be    his 
mother;    and    tho    dismission    at    his    own 
instance    of    Biarget's    elderly    suitor,    so 
"  sprush  and  wise-like  for  his  age."     It  is 


also  to  be  noted  that  the  dialect  is  generally 
idiomatic,  and  handled  with  merciful  dis- 
cretion. 

Blind  Bats.    By  Margaret  B.  Cross.     (Hurst 

&  Blackett.) 
TnE  reader  who  is  weary  of  social  problems 
and  the  relations  of  the  sexes  as  he  mostly 
finds  them  in  modern  fiction  may  turn  with 
relief  to  a  pleasant,  unemotional  story  such 
as  '  Blind  Bats.'  The  complications  and 
misunderstandings  that  arise  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  romance  might  have  found 
place  in  a  novel  fifty  years  ago ;  but  they 
are  told  in  so  fresh  and  sprightly  a  manner 
that  the  reproach  of  dulness  is  inadmissible. 
Barbara  Plowden,  a  little  soured  by  the 
discovery  that  her  first  youth  and  her  ball- 
room popularity  are  alike  deserting  her, 
seeks  compensation  in  the  care  of  her  dead 
sister's  child,  and  is  outraged  to  find  that 
the  child  has  been  left  in  other  hands. 
Certainly  at  this  period  Miss  Plowden  is, 
as  Kitty's  guardian  remarks,  "hasty  and 
uneven-tempered,"  and  not  a  person  at  all 
suited  to  rear  the  young.  But  when  once 
her  quick  wits  and  good  heart  have  over- 
come a  disposition  to  rudeness,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  withhold  sympathy  from  so  attractive 
a  personality.  How  the  difficulties  in  her 
path  are  finally  surmounted  the  reader 
may  discover  for  himself,  and  the  fact  that 
the  solution  is  pretty  obvious  early  in  the 
book  will  not  detract  from  the  pleasure  of 
its  perusal.  Miss  Plowden,  with  her  large 
and  intelligent  experience  of  life,  forms  an 
amusing  contrast  to  the  Girton  girl  who, 
from  the  platform  of  intellectual  superiority 
and  the  depths  of  her  enthusiastic  stupidity, 
preaches  morality  to  her  "elegant  senior." 
The  characters,  especially  those  of  the 
women,  stand  out  with  commendable  clear- 
ness, and  there  are  touches  in  the  story 
which  prove  that  Miss  Cross  is  a  careful 
observer  of  human  nature. 


I? Amour  Bominaleur.     Par  Madame  Hector 

Malot.  (Paris,  Flammarion.) 
Madame  Malot  gives  us  a  rare  picture  of 
a  real  woman.  Her  heroine  is  not  at  all 
a  perfect  woman.  She  is  at  bottom  selfish, 
and  accordingly  not  really  good ;  but  she 
is  certainly  not  bad  all  round.  Above  all, 
she  is  a  true  woman,  the  best  side  of  whose 
nature  has  never  been  called  forth  :  a  child- 
less duchess  of  great  wealth,  never  taught 
by  life  to  learn  to  live  for  others.  Irregular 
in  her  conduct  in  a  second  love  at  thirty, 
from  a  mistaken  sense  of  dignity  due  to  her 
married  love  at  twenty  for  her  dead  hus- 
band ;  irregular  in  her  conduct  in  a  third 
love  at  forty,  from  yielding  to  the  habit  of 
letting  herself  be  mastered  by  the  desire  for 
man's  affection,  she  remains  as  a  character 
throughout  true  to  life,  though  not  life  of 
the  best  type.  Of  course,  it  will  be  seen 
from  what  has  been  said  that  this  is  not 
"a  book  for  girls,"  but  it  is  full  of  interest 
for  those  grown  people  who,  without  caring 
for  a  plot,  seek  for  the  truthful  development 
of  real  character. 


Stir   Irs  Ruines.      Par  Maurice  Talcologue. 

(Paris,  Calmann  Levy.) 
M.   PaLEOLOGT/E  is  a  decidedly  clever  writer 
whoso  books  aro  too  strong  for  the  ordinary 
taste,  but   who  will    probably  increase   his 


208 


T  ii  E    A  T  ii  i:  \  .!■:  r  m 


popularity  among  his  special  pablio  by  his 
present  volume.  It  relates  only  tti.<  some- 
what  stale   history  of  the  relatione    of  a 

■enenal  man  and  a  si  usual  woman,  where 
the  man  tins   and  th<>  woman  do  \  and 

where  the  woman  is  moro  abeorbed  in  the 
ono  object  than  the  other  partner.  But  tho 
story,  though  a  oommon  one  in  French 
novels,  is  told  in  B  fashion  far  abovo  tho 
tge  of  these  prodnotione, 


X  3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


The  PrMtrvation  of  0/>en  Spaces  and  of  Foot- 
paths, and  other  Rights  of  Way  :  a  Practical 
Treatise  on  the  Law  of  the  Subject.  By  Sir 
Robert  Hunter.  (Eyre  ft  Spottiswoode.) 
From  tho  widely  interesting  character  of  its 
subject  this  work  calls  for  a  longer  notice 
than  ordinary  law  books  require  in  a  lay 
journal.  Its  appearance  is  opportune,  as, 
thanks  to  tho  labours  of  the  Commons  re- 
servation Society  and  other  kindred  associa- 
tions and  to  the  numerous  cases  relating  to 
encroachments  upon  commons  which  have 
within  the  last  thirty  years  been  before  tho 
courts  of  law,  the  public  now  feels  a  deep 
interest  in  commons  and  their  preservation. 
A  reference  to  some  recent  statutes,  such  as 
the  Commons  Act,  1876,  and  tho  Law  of 
Commons  _  Amendment  Act,  1893,  shows 
that  this  interest  has  been  strong  enough 
to  have  already  influenced  legislation.  Sir 
Robert  Hunter's  qualifications  for  handling 
the  matter  may  be  estimated  from  the  fact 
that,  as  ho  says  in  the  preface,  he  has  for 
thirty  years  lent  his  aid  in  the  direction 
of  the  movement  for  securing  the  preserva- 
tion of  open  spaces, 

"  in  the  earlier  days  in  a  professional  capacity, 
and  more  recently  as  a  member  of  the  various 
societies  now  existing  to  protect  the  public  in 
this  relation." 

The  author's  aim,  in  his  own  words, 
"has  been  to  bring  together  the  provisions  of 
the  law  which  bear  especially  upon  the  use  of 
the  rural  districts  for  purposes  of  recreation. 
Owing  to  the  constant  growtli  of  large  towns 
and  to  the  increasing  facilities  for  escape  from 
their  smoke  and  noise,  the  importance  of  rural 
England  as  a  recreation  ground  for  all  classes 
becomes  more  obvious  and  is  more  fully  realized 
every  day.  So  far  as  the  author  is  aware,  no 
attempt  has  yet  been  made  to  give  an  account 
of  the  principles  upon  which  the  enjoyment  of 
the  many  and  varied  beauties  of  England  is 
recognized  by  law.  The  present  volume  is  an 
attempt  to  supply  that  deficiency." 

The  work  is  divided  into  two  parts : 
Part  I.  treats  of  commons  and  other  open 
spaces,  and  Tart  II.  of  footpaths  and 
other  rights  of  way.  There  are  also  lists  of 
the  statutes  and  of  the  reportod  cases  re- 
ferred to  in  the  work,  and  eight  appendices 
setting  forth  among  other  things  provisional 
orders  for  the  management  of  certain 
commons  and  other  documents  and  memo- 
randa germano  to  the  subject  of  tho  book. 
Part  I.  comprises  twenty-ono  chapters,  tho 
most  important  of  which  seem  to  be 
the  second,  treating  of  the  enclosure  of  a 
manorial  common  by  the  lord  of  tho  manor, 
and  tho  thirteenth,  which  is  devoted  to  tho 
enclosure  of  a  manorial  common  by  the 
authority  of  Parliament.  In  chap.  ii. 
the  power  of  tho  lord  of  a  manor  to  appro- 
priate to  his  own  use  waste  lands  el  the 
manor  over  which  his  freehold  tenants  and 
other  persons  possess  rights  of  common  is 
considered.     Before  the  Statute  of  Merton 


(20    Henry  111.,  0.    I      the    lord  of    a    manor 

seems    to   hare   bad   do   right 

any  part  of  tho  waste  land  of  tie- 
manor  BO  as  to  deprive  the  commoners  of 
their  rights  of  common  over  it.  Hut  the 
statute  just  mentioned  gave  authority  to 
tho  lord  to  enclose  or  "  approve  "  part  of  the 
waste,  provided  the  remainder  was  sufficient 
for  tho  use  of  tho  freehold  tenants  of  the 
manor  and  was  conveniently  accessible  for 
them.  The  Statute  of  Westminster  tie- 
Second  (12  Edward  I.,  c.  46)  extended  the 
privilege  so  bestowed  so  as  to  make  it 
available  against  "  neighbours  "  or  other 
persons  entitled  to  right  of  common,  as  well 
as  against  the  freehold  manorial  tenants. 
Much  litigation  arose  out  of  the.so  enact- 
ments— litigation  which  has  extended  down 
to  our  own  time.  One  of  tho  best  known  of 
the  modern  cases  is  that  of  Smith  v.  Earl 
Brownlow.  Possibly  some  of  our  readers  may 
remember  tho  rather  sensational  circum- 
stances of  that  case.  By  virtue  of  the  autho- 
rity which  he  supposed  ho  possessed  under 
the  Statute  of  Merton  and  the  Statute  of 
Westminster  the  Second  Earl  Brownlow, 
as  lord  of  the  manor  of  Berkhamstead, 
in  the  year  I860  enclosed  a  large  part  of 
Berkhamstead  Common,  by  erecting  iron 
fences  which  shut  out  the  commoners 
from  the  part  enclosed.  Early  one  morning 
in  March  Mr.  Augustus  Smith,  one  of  the 
persons  entitled  to  rights  of  common,  sent 
down  from  London  by  special  train  some 
two  hundred  men  provided  with  implements 
for  uprooting  and  removing  the  iron  fences, 
and  by  seven  o'clock  the  same  morning  the 
work  was  completed.  Litigation  followed. 
The  Earl  brought  an  action  against 
Mr.  Smith  for  trespass,  and  Mr.  Smith 
instituted  a  suit  in  equity  against  the 
Earl,  asking  for  an  injunction  to  restrain 
him  from  interfering  with  the  commoners' 
rights.  The  action,  we  believe,  was  aban- 
doned. In  1867  the  Earl  died,  and  the  suit 
was  revived  against  his  successor  in  the  title 
and  estates,  and  a  perpetual  injunction  as 
asked  for  was  granted  against  the  defendant, 
who  had  failed  to  show  that  so  much  of  the 
waste  as  had  been  left  to  the  commoners  was 
sulficient  for  their  use.  It  is  now,  however, 
provided  by  the  Law  of  Commons  Amend- 
ment Act,  1893,  that  no  enclosure  by  a  lord 
of  a  manor  shall  be  carried  out  under  the 
ancient  statutes  above  mentioned  without 
the  consent  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture; 
and  such  consent  is  not  to  be  given  unless 
the  Board  are  satisfied  that  the  enclosure 
would  be  for  the  benefit  of  the  public. 

In  some  manors,  whore  custom  autho- 
rizes such  a  step,  enclosure  of  parts  of  the 
manorial  wastes  may  be  effected  by  grants 
from  the  lord  of  land  to  be  held  as  "  copy- 
hold." But  now,  undor  the  Copyhold  Act, 
1891,  such  grants  must  be  made  with  the 
approval  of  the  Board,  of  Agriculture,  and 
their  consent  is  only  to  be  given  on  the 
condition  we  have  mentioned. 

Tho  above  modes  of  enclosure  were  of 
limited  application,  and  wero,  of  course, 
quite  inappropriate  when  it  was  proposed 
to  enclose  a  wholo  common.  In  this  case 
tho  only  mode  of  proceeding  formerly  was 
by  private  Act  of  Parliament,  and  by  this 
means,  during  last  century  and  the  early 
part  of  the  present  century,  a  vast  quantity 
of  waste  or  common  laud  passed  into  in- 
dividual  ownership.     In   the   year    1845  a 


public  genera]  Act  was  passed,  providing 
machinery  for  facilitating  enclosures,  in 
pursuance  of  that  Act,  <  who 

styled  Enclosure  Commissioner,  w 
appointed,  and  under  their  auspices  during 
the  next  five  -  and  -  twenty  years  many 
enclosures  of  commons  were  < 
During  the  same  period,  however,  a  change 
was  silently  taking  place  in  the  mind  of  the 
public  with  i  ■■•  to  the  enclosure  of 
commons,  and  in  the  year  1870  it  had 
gone  so  far  as  to  lead  to  the  passing  of 
tho  Commons  Act,  1876,  an  Act  which, 
without  repealing  the  General  Enclosure  A  I 
provided  an  alternative  method  of  dealing 
with  commons — that  of  their  retention  and 
regulation  as  open  spaces.  The  Enclosure 
Commissioners  are  now7  represented  by  the 
Board  of  Agriculture,  and  the  consent  of 
that  Board,  as  well  as  the  approval  of 
Parliament,  is  necessary  before  an  enclo- 
sure of  a  common  can  take  place,  the 
consent  of  the  Board  being  granted  only 
in  case  they  shall  be  of  opinion  that  the 
enclosure  would  be  for  the  public  benefit. 

In  Part  I.  there  are  also  important  chap- 
ters on  the  waste  and  commonable  lands  of 
a  forest ;  on  the  powers  of  local  authorities 
to  prevent  enclosures  by  the  lord  of  the 
manor  ;  and  on  village  greens. 

Part  II.  of  Sir  Robert  Hunter's  book 
treats  of  the  nature  of  footpaths ;  of  the 
obstruction  of  footpaths  and  the  remedies 
for  such  obstruction  ;  of  the  stoppage  or 
diversion  and  of  the  repair  of  footpaths  ;  of 
highways  and  roadside  waste  ;  of  foreshore 
and  cliffs ;  and  of  rivers  and  lakes. 

"Whilst  this  work  will  be  a  valuable  addi- 
tion to  the  library  of  the  practising  lawyer, 
it  should  prove  of  much  use  to  members 
of  county  councils,  district  councils,  &c. ; 
and  by  intelligent  laymen  in  general  many 
of  its  chapters  will  be  found  of  much 
interest. 

On  p.  9,  in  the  quotation  of  the  third 
section  of  the  Law  of  Commons  Amend- 
ment Act,  1893,  we  notice  a  small  error, 
"  assented  "  for  acceded,  and  on  p.  15,  in  the 
quotation  of  the  same  section,  another  small 
error,  "  and"  for  or. 


KECENT  VEKsf. 

The  keen  interest  attaching  to  Songs  of 
Travel  (Uhatto  »fc  Wind  us),  the  latest  volume 
of  Mr.  R.  L.  Stevenson's  verse,  is  less  literary 
than  biographical,  more  of  the  heart  than  of 
the  intellect  ;  and  yet  for  that,  too,  it  is  full  of 
a  fine  and  rare  charm.  Though  it  teems  with 
thought  bearing  in  it  the  germs  of  a  true 
philosophy,  it  is,  above  all  things,  a  record  of 
the  heart  and  soul  of  one  whom  we  love  and 
have  lost — a  fit  pendant  to  the  cherished 
Vailima  letters.  In  these  poems  the  idea 
reigns  supreme  ;  form  is  matter  of  accident 
mainly  — anyhow,  a  thing  of  small  account.  One 
turns  the  pages  with  tho  lingering  tenderness 
of  one  who  reads,  in  the  autumn  of  life,  old 
letters  written  in  life's  may  time.  In  spite  of 
— or  perhaps  because  of — the  carelessness  of 
form,  t lie  inmost  thoughts  of  a  i^reat  heart  here 
lie  bare  before  us.  The  man  who,  perhaps, 
more  than  any  writer  of  our  time  has  won  not 
only  critical  admiration,  but  personal  love,  from 
thousands  who  never  saw  his  face  or  held  his 
hand,  here  sets  forth  for  us  the  faith  that  was 
in  him  :  — 

IF  TITIS   WKBX   l'.UIH. 
Gini,  if  I  liis  were  enough. 
That  I  see  tilings  bare  to  the  buff, 
And  up  to  I  lie  buttocks  in  mire; 
That  1  ask  nor  hope  nor  hire, 
Mat  in  t  lie  husk. 
Nor  dawn  beyond  tbe  dusk, 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


209 


Nor  life  beyond  death  : 
God,  if  this  were  faith  ? 

Having  felt  thy  wind  in  my  face 

Spit  sorrow  and  disgrace, 

Having  seen  thine  evil  doom 

In  Golgotha  and  Khartoum, 

And  the  brutes,  the  work  of  thine  hands, 

Fill  with  injustice  lands 

And  stain  with  blood  the  sea  : 

If  still  in  my  veins  the  glee 

Of  the  black  night  and  the  sun 

And  the  lost  battle  run  : 

If,  an  adept, 

The  iniquitous  lists  I  still  accept 

With  joy,  and  joy  to  endure  and  be  withstood. 

And  still  to  battle  and  perish  for  a  dream  of  good  : 

God,  if  that  were  enough  ? 

If  to  feel,  in  the  ink  of  the  slough, 

And  the  sink  of  the  mire, 

Veins  of  glory  and  fire 

Bun  through  and  transpierce  and  transpire, 

Arid  a  secret  purpose  of  glory  in  every  part. 

And  the  answering  glory  of  battle  fill  my  heart ; 

To  thrill  with  the  joy  of  girded  men, 

To  go  on  for  ever  and  fail  and  go  on  again, 

And  be  mauled  to  the  earth  and  arise, 

And  contend  for  the  shade  of  a  word  and  a  thing  not 

seen  with  the  eyes  : 
With  the  half  of  a  broken  hope  for  a  pillow  at  night 
That  somehow  the  right  is  the  right 
And  the  smooth  shall  bloom  from  the  rough  : 
Lord,  if  that  were  enough  ? 

Here  is  no  careful  sandpapering,  no  elaboration 
of  epithet  overlaying  the  utterance  of  the  soul, 
no  smooth  perfection  such  as  Tennyson  wrought 
in  his 

far-off  divine  event 

To  which  the  whole  creation  moves. 

It  is  the  cry  of  a  naked  human  soul,  and  to  our 
«oul  it  pierces  straight.  There  are  many  noble 
thoughts  to  linger  on  in  these  pages,  and  much 
sadness  of  a  kind  that  is  noble  too.  Perhaps 
the  finest  poem  that  Stevenson  ever  wrote  is 
this,  which  all  who  love  Stevenson  treasure 
■ao  his  last  poetic  utterance  : — 

Plows  the  wind  today,  and  the  sun  and  rain  are  flying, 

Blows  the  wind  on  the  moors  today  and  now. 
Where  about  the   graves  of  the  martyrs  the  whaups  are 
crying. 

My  heart  remembers  how  ! 

■Gray  recumbent  tombs  of  the  dead  in  desert  places, 

Standing  etones  on  the  vacant  wine-red  moor. 
Kills  of  sheep,  and  the  homes  of  the  silent  vanished  races. 
And  winds,  austere  and  pure. 

Be  it  granted  me  to  behold  you  again  in  dying, 

Hills  of  home  !  and  to  hear  again  the  call ; 
Hear  about  the  graves  of  the  martyrs  the  peewees  crying, 
And  hear  no  more  at  all  ! 

This  again  is  no  wrought  work  of  "  jewels  five 
words  long,"  but  a  human  document  "  drenched 
in  flesh  and  blood."  With  the  brain  of  a  genius 
Stevenson  had  the  heart  of  a  little  child  ;  like 
a  child  he  showed  his  heart  to  the  world,  and 
the  world,  reverencing  his  genius,  yet  loves  him 
best  for  the  heart  that  was  not  afraid  to  trust 
its  inmost  secrets  to  his  brother  men. 

At  the  first  reading  it  seems  as  though 
'Poems  of  Love  and  Death  '  would  have  been  an 
apter  title  than  Poems  of  Lore  and  Life  for  Mrs. 
G.  Colmore's  little  book  (Gay  &  Bird),  for  the 
poems  are  as  sad  as  they  are  sweet.  But  when 
one  has  read  it  again  (and  to  a  second  reading 
it  tempts  irresistibly)  one  sees  that  those  who 
mourn  in  Mrs.  Colmore's  verse  sorrow  not  as 
those  who  have  no  hope,  and  that  a  passionate 
belief  in  immortality  underlies  her  saddest 
poems.  These  seem,  if  we  may  say  so  without 
impertinence,  to  be  mainly  personal,  and  are 
written  with  a  delicate  charm  and  a  lucid 
candour  that  go  straight  to  the  heart.  Happy 
phrases  are  not  infrequent ;  the  general  level  of 
the  verse  is  high,  and  here  and  there  it  rises  to 
real  poetic  strength.  'On  the  Pavement '  is  a 
powerful  poem  on  a  miserable  subject.  The 
dirge  entitled  'Three  Weeks'  has  a  poignant 
pathos  all  its  own.  The  dedication  of  (he  book 
helps  to  explain  the  sadness  of  its  tone,  but,  it, 
is  no  ignoble  sadness,  and  no  one  can  read  this 
little  volume  without  feeling  that  lie  has  been 
permitted  to  draw  very  near  to  a  soul  full  of 
high  ideals  and  beautiful  faith — probably  the 
author  herself  would  be  the  last  to  guess  how 
near. 

In  his  BaUada  of  Brave  Deeds  (Dent  &  Co.) 
the  Rev.  If.  I).  Rawnsley  has  produced  a  book 
which  it  is  difficult  to  appraise  justly  ;  for  the 
beroie  deeds  of  which  he  writes  are  in  them- 
es so  moving  that  it  is  impossible  not  to 


be  moved  by  the  sympathetic  record  of  them 
in  verse.  The  real  test,  no  doubt,  is  to  com- 
pare Mr.  Rawnsley's  treatment  with  the  bare 
newspaper  narratives  which  he  quotes  at  the 
end  of  the  book.  He  does  not  always  gain  by 
the  comparison  ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  there 
is  scarcely  an  instance  in  which  he  has  spoilt 
the  savour  of  a  fine  deed  in  his  telling.  Not 
to  have  done  that  is  to  have  done  much  ;  for 
the  prosaic  accidents  through  which  heroism 
becomes  heroic  are  easily  cheapened,  easily 
made  ridiculous,  by  an  undue  emphasis  here, 
an  undue  wordiness  there.  Mr.  Rawnsley's 
previous  verse  had  not  prepared  us  for  the 
amount  of  skill  which  he  has  shown  in  such 
narratives  as  "Well  done,  'Calliope'!"  or 
'In  a  Battery.'  He  has  certainly  written  not 
merely  with  enthusiasm,  but  with  taste  ;  there 
are  moments  when  his  admiration  of  some  grace 
or  goodness  of  homely  men,  some  half-ignorant 
heroism,  gives  him  a  touch  of  real  fineness  ; 
and  he  is  never  guilty  of  the  unpardonable 
error  of  writing  coldly  about  matters  which 
must  appeal  to  the  emotions  or  be  without 
possible  appeal. 

Mr.  A.  E.  Legge's  Wind  on  the  Harp- 
strings  (Humphreys)  has  a  pretty  title,  and  the 
book  has,  moreover,  a  nice  green  cover  with 
gold  letters  on  it,  and  a  title-page  with  black 
print  quite  large  and  legible,  and  after  it  a 
prefatory  note  that  he  who  runs  may  read. 
Then  follow  the  poems,  which  may  be  those  of 
a  second  Dante— again,  they  may  not  ;  for  Mr. 
Legge  and  his  publisher  have  taken  care  that 
this  point  shall  not  be  settled  by  any  reader  of 
normal  vision.  The  poems  are  printed  in  type 
which  is  an  insult  to  the  eyesight  even  of  a 
spectacled  generation.  We  protest  against  this 
fine  print,  recalling  as  it  does  the  Lord's 
Prayer  written  within  the  bounds  of  a  sixpence; 
and  we  protest  in  the  most  vigorous  and  prac- 
tical manner  by  declining  to  try  our  eyes  over  a 
problem  which,  after  all,  may  not  be  worth  the 
solving. 

Miss  Laura  G.  Ackroyd  in  Homers  Wine, 
arid  other  Poems  (Roxburghe  Press),  is  un- 
assuming, judges  herself  (as  she  shows  by  her 
final  verses)  quite  justly,  and  is  able  to  do  really 
pretty  work — too  facile,  indeed,  but  not  without 
thought,  observation,  and  a  certain  command  of 
language.  Her  verses  for  and  about  children 
are  charming  ;  and  she  is  always  at  her  best 
when  she  is  not  trying  to  be  passionate,  or 
romantic,  or  elaborate.  At  times  she  finds  a 
really  original  image,  as  in  the  last  lines  of  '  A 
Twilight  Etching  ':— 

Across  the  gleaming  Road  three  anchored  ships 
Sway  to  the  t  tine  of  sucking  waves,  that  o'er 
Their  keeN  with  endless  lappings  murmur  deep 
Low  secrets,  kissing  oft  with  baby's  lips. 

That  is  something  observed  ;  and  ladies  who 
write  verse  do  not  often  observe  anything  with 
so  attentive  an  ingenuity. 

Sir  Henry  Parkes,  too,  like  Miss  Ackroyd,  is 
unassuming.  His  Sonnets  (Kegan  Paul  A  Co.) 
are  simple,  serious,  thoughtful,  not  always  in 
the  most  poetic  way,  but  without  affectation, 
extravagance,  or  the  prosaic  folly  of  the  epi- 
gram. They  are  the  writing  of  a  man  who  is 
not  a  poet,  but  who  does  not  profess  to  be  what 
he  is  not.  Occasionally,  as  in  the  lyric  written 
'After  Sickness,'  there  is  a  personal  touch 
which  gives  almost  more  than  a  merely  negative 
merit  to  this  correct  and  measured  verse  : — 

I  almost  bless  the  loss  of  strength 
That  curtains  out  the  noisy  world! 

There  we  seem  to  find  a  sincerity  to  a  precise 
mood,  without  which,  at  all  events,  we  are  not 
even  on  the  way  towards  poetry. 

How  insoluble  a  problem  is  sincerity!  The 
next  book  on  our  list  is  a  work  which,  if  sin- 
cerity cotdd  produce  poetry,  would  certainly  be 
poetry.  Set  we  read  coldly  what  we  are  con- 
scious has  been  written  with  deep  emotion. 
Grief  is  monotonous,  and  plaintive  reminis- 
cence, without  a  vividness  which  only  art  can 
give  to  memory,   becomes  doubly  monotonous. 


So  Mr.  E.  J.  Mills's  book,  My  Only  Cluld : 
Poems  in  her  Memory  (Constable  &  Co.),  in 
which  a  father  laments  the  loss  of  his  daughter, 
becomes  wearisome,  sometimes  unreal,  though 
the  writer  is  by  no  means  without  a  certain 
touch  of  poetic  fancy.  The  sestet  of  this  sonnet 
really  comes  near  to  being  good  : — 

GRASS   OF   PARNASSUS. 

I  clomb  the  hill  and,  in  a  nook  of  dew 
(What  time  an  early  autumn  touched  the  bay), 
Found  thee,  a  dweller  dainty-sweet  midway. 
Where,  on  a  sunny  morn,  the  west  wind  blew. 

Grass  of  Parnassus  !     Surely  then  I  knew 
Flowers  are  the  site  of  tender  Love's  delay  ; 
Hence  by  thy  pure  white  petals  did  I  stay, 
And  read  thy  crystal  lines  at  closer  view. 

O,  but  thou  wert  so  white  !     I  could  aver 
That  my  lost  child  went  thither  soft  and  soon, 
Alighting  on  the  slope  with  holy  feet ; 

So  that  there  rose  a  little  bud  like  her. 
Left  as  a  welcome  to  my  quest  at  noon, — 
That  she  and  I,  that  love  and  Love,  might  meet. 

All  true  originality  is  really  nothing  but  sin- 
cerity acting  upon  a  poetic  nature  ;  but  sincerity 
acting  upon  a  nature  not  really  poetic  can  but 
produce  verse  which  will  seem  to  be  insincere  in 
motive  as  it  is  certain  to  be  imitative  in  manner. 
Ver  Lyne  (Lawrence  &  Bullen)  is  a  selection 
from  three  volumes  published  during  the  last 
fifteen  years,  and  it  is  got  up  in  an  elegant 
manner.  At  times  Mr.  C.  Newton-Robinson 
can  write  rather  prettily,  as  in  this  little  piece 
called  '  Love  Challenged  ': — 

Look  thou  on  me  not  lightly.  Love  ! 

Provoke  but  once,  with  herald  eyes; 
Then  take  all  vantages  of  war, 

—Trick,  stratagem,  surprise! 

For  so  do  I  contemn  and  hate 

The  loveless  ranks  that,  I  am  in  ; 
As  lief  would  I  desert  as  fight, 

And  liefer  lose  than  win  ! 

I  court,  an  ambush,  crave  a  hurt. 

And  beg  no  other,  meeter  doom. 
Than  donning  fetters,  Love  !  of  thine  ! 

Quick  !  find  me  prison-room  ! 

But  he  is  never  more  than  rather  pretty  ;  he  is 
vague  and  tentative  ;  writes  smoothly  of  Dulci- 
bels  and  cathedrals  and  the  battle  of  Crecy,  and 
at  times  ventures,  unwisely,  upon  the  experi- 
ment of  unrhymed  lyrical  verse.  One  of  the 
sections  of  his  book  is  called  "Travel  Notes." 
Did  it  occur  to  the  writer  to  ask  himself  how 
these  verses  about  Burgos,  Toulouse,  and  the 
other  delightful  places  which  he  has  visited, 
would  look  if  they  were  written  down  in  prose  1 
Has  he  not  rather  assumed  that  that  may  be 
sung  which  is  not  worth  saying  ?  And  he  really 
must  not,  even  in  a  translation,  rhyme  ''  Lido  " 
with  "  flow,"  and  invent  an  accent  for  it  in  order 
to  justify  his  mispronunciation. 

"Sabrina"  dedicates  The  Lilies,  and  other 
Poems  (Digby,  Long  &  Co.),  to  her  aunt,  and 
begs  that  relative  :  — 

Do  not  deem  them  the  fruits  of  misspent  hours 
Or  them  erase  as  things  which  should  not  be. 

She  explains,  with  a  conscientiousness  which 
does  her  credit :  — 

From  sunny  Riviera's  shores. 

Where  lies  a  wealth  of  Flora's  stores, 
The  lilies  came  to  me, 

I  do  not  mean  direct  to  me, 
The  lilies  came  from  o'er  the  sea, 

From  Niee.  Mcntone.  Cannes. 
They  come  with  many  other  (lowers 
Sent  from  the  land  of  France  to  ours, 

To  bloom  for  a  brief  span. 

"Sabrina"  is  right:  her  lilies  did  not  come 
direct  to  her,  and  they  are  likely  to  bloom  for 
a  very  brief  span  indeed. 

"This  low,  ignoble  strain,"  Mr.  F.  E.  Ellis, 
the  author  of  Sir  Kenneth's  Wanderings  (Digby, 
Long  &  Co.),  calls  his  book  ;  not  quite  correctly, 
for  it  is  a  most  polite  production,  inspired  by 
'Childe  Harold,'  treating  of  a  pilgrimage,  and 
containing  at  least  one  quite  original  epithet : 
"  Vnn  tuftless  rocks." 

life's  Golden  Age;  or,  JuvenUe  Congress 
(Digby,  Long  A  Co.),  by  Mr.  W.  Cullingworth, 
is  an  amazing  production.  It  is  written  mainly 
in  heroic  couplets,  largely  adorned  with  capital 
letters,  and  addresses  to  "dear  finite  youth" 
Such  ('"tinsel  as  this,  and  in  such  verse  :  — 

A  truthful  ohtldUOOd  manhood's  misrule  shames. 


210 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i;\.i:r  m 


K°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


At  the  and  <>f  the  book  the  author  assures  his 
n  idera  :  — 

TbrOOghOUl   mv  ltl<M  In  .-wold  — 

KonuuiUc  Action  I  bmva  leln  um.w-  . 

nml,  recurring  to  his  "dear  finite  youth,"  ho 
oonoludea  : — 

i;<—  i "i-t fully  t.i  yon  my  feellngi  iwell. 
In  a  little  book,  nioelj  printed  and  nicely 
bound,  -Mr.  Brneal  Dowaou  preaenta  to  the 
irorld  aome  forty  or  fifty  aeta  <>f  I 
(Smithera),  almost  all  <>f  them  inaoribed  to  big- 
little  people,  Buob  as  Mr.  Arthur  Symona,  Mr. 
Lionel  Johnson,  Mr.  Aubrey  Beardsley,  and 
Mr.  Belwyn  [mage.  Bave  in  this  last  instance 
there  is  no  ezoterio  appropriateneaa  in  these 
dedications,  unless  they  are  intended  to  please 
by  contrast.  The  poem  dedicated  to  Mr. 
Beardsley  deals  with  curds  and  cream  ;  the 
lines  laid  at  the  feet  of  Mr.  Dowson's  publisher 
deal  with  ladies'  hands  ;  and  '  Beata  Solitudo  ' 
is  with  singular  infelicity  dedicated  to  Mr.  Sam 
Smith.  We  wonder  how  Mr.  Henry  Davray 
relishes  the  dedication  to  him  of  a  sonnet  'To 
One  in  Bedlam.'  Mr.  Dowson's  primary  in- 
spiration would  seem  to  have  been  found  in  the 
work  of  Mr.  Swinburne,  and,  indeed,  he  is 
faithful  to  his  first  master  in  so  far  that  he  cribs 
from  him  more  than  from  any  other  poet.  But 
the  influence  of  Mr.  Arthur  Symons  is  also 
to  be  noted  here,  and  Mr.  Dowson  follows  him 
in  every  affectation  of  style.  In  two  things, 
however,  he  differs  from  his  exemplar — he  has 
not  Mr.  Symons's  audacity  nor  his  spark  of 
genius.  These  poems  are  not  improper,  but 
they  are  artificial,  and  there  is  from  beginning 
to  end  no  new  idea,  no  phrase  marked  with  the 
royal  stamp.  At  the  same  time  many  of  the 
verses  are  exceedingly  pretty.  Mr.  Dowson 
knows  the  language  fairly  well :  if  only  he  had 
something  to  say  ! 


SCANDINAVIAN   NOVELS. 


Siren  Voices.     By  J.    P.    Jacobsen.     Trans- 
lated from  the  Danish  by  Ethel  F.  L.  Robert- 
son.    (Heinemann.)— Mr.  Gosse  has  done  well 
to  include  a  volume  of  the  great  Danish  realist 
Jacobsen    in    his    "International    Series,"  but 
he  would   have    done   better   still    had  '  Marie 
Grubbe,'  instead   of    'Nils    Lyhne,'   been    the 
volume  of    his  choice.     The  success   of   books 
like  Mr.  S.  Weyman's  points  to  a  revival  of  the 
historical    novel,  and   a  more   magnificent  his- 
torical novel  than  '  Marie  Grubbe  '  is  not  to  be 
found    in    modern  literature,   unless  we  go  all 
the  way  to  Poland  or  Hungary  for  it.      'Nils 
Lyhne '   is,    indeed,    a   splendid    exhibition   of 
Jacobsen's  marvellous  style,  and,  as  such,  must 
captivate   all  lovers  of  superfine  art  ;    but  we 
fear  it  will  be  scarcely  so  successful  with  that 
healthy  philistine  the  general  reader,  for  whom 
the  series  to  which  it  belongs  is  primarily  in- 
tended.    The  defects  of  the  book  are  at  least  as 
obvious  as  its  qualities.     It  lacks  incident  and 
movement;  its  characters  are  types  and  abstrac- 
tions, the  artificial  creatures  of  a  passing  mood 
of  the  author's  mind    rather    than    living  men 
and  women  ;  and,  above  all,  it  is  painfully,  irre- 
mediably   depressing,    as    a    book    about   De- 
cadents by  a  Decadent  must  almost  necessarily 
be.      The    hero,     for     all    his    brilliant    gifts, 
is    essentially    a    poor,    weak-willed    creature, 
utterly    unable     to    realize    the    least    of     his 
vaguely  noble  ambitions.     Beginning  his  career 
with    the    consciousness   of   a    power   to  which 
nothing  seems  impossible,  he  slowly  but  surely 
drifts  towards  moral  shipwreck,  toys  with  life 
instead  of  using  it,  deliberately  debauches  the 
wife  of  his  bosom  friend  while  waiting  for  the 
inspiration  which  never  comes,  and  is  only  saved 
from  a   miserable   old   age    by  the  bullet  which 
strikes  him  down  on  the  battle-field.    The  other 
characters  are  all  cast  in  the  same  mould,  and 
the  whole  story  is  pervaded  by  a  morbid  atmo- 
sphere   of    failure,   disillusionment,   and   death. 
The   translation    is,    on    the    whole,    excellent. 
Here  and  there,  indeed,  there  are  slight  errors 


which  a  little  care  would  bave  prerented,  e.  </.,  ' 
"aanded  ad  i  dera"  ehould  bsve  bet  D  n  odered 
"breathed  heraouloutin  them,"  not  "  breathed 
into  them  "  (p.   168)  ;    "  knogler  der  - 

kj"d  "    is,  of  course,  "bonis   cruahed    into    the 

flesh,"  not  "cruahed  to  powder,''  ami  the  meaning 

of  the   metaphor  is   lost    by    this   blunder;    ami 

"unchaate"  utooatrong  a  rendering  of  ublufcer- 

digt  :  "immodest"  would  be  much  better.  Still 
these  aii-  I  nit  trivialities.  On  the  whole,  the 
translator  has  done  her  work  admirably,  and 
we  congratulate  the  editor  and  publisher  on 
having  placed  such  an  exceptionally  difficult 
book  in  such  thoroughly  competent  hands. 

The  Fislier  Lass,  by  Bjornstjerne  Bjornson 
(Heinemann),  marks  the  transition  between 
Bjornson 's  earlier  and  later  manner — between 
Bjornson  the  teller  of  irreproachable  peasant 
tales  and  Bjornson  the  preacher  and  teacher 
of  startling  ideas  and  aggressive  theories.  The 
first  part  of  the  story  is  altogether  admirable. 
The  description  of  the  little  fishing  town  is  in 
the  master's  most  attractive  manner,  and  he 
has  put  into  the  story  two  of  his  best-drawn 
characters :  the  finely  strung,  emotional  heroine 
Petra  and  her  grim,  masterful,  explosive 
mother  Gunlaug,  one  of  those  strong  natures  in 
whom  Bjornson  has  always  delighted.  The  latter 
portion  of  the  book,  however,  is  given  over  to 
interminable  discussions  between  all  and  sundry 
as  to  the  possibility  of  a  young  woman,  with  a 
genius  for  the  stage,  being  a  good  actress  and 
a  good  Christian  at  the  same  time,  so  that  what 
promised  to  be  a  fine  analysis  of  characterdegene- 
rates  into  a  mere  Tendenzschrift.  The  inevitable 
prig,  usually  a  pastor  or  a  pastor's  son,  who  always 
plays  a  leading  part  in  Bjornson's  moralities, 
as  his  later  novels  may  well  be  called,  is  here 
also  well  to  the  front  in  the  person  of  Hans 
Oedegaard,  a  terribly  virtuous  young  man.  The 
translation  is  meritorious,  and  quite  free  from 
the  sort  of  blunders  which  disfigured  '  Syn- 
nove  Solbakken, '  an  earlier  volume  of  this 
"International  Series."  We  would,  how- 
ever, point  out  to  the  translator  that  ax 
means  an  ear  of  corn,  not  a  grain  ;  that 
"curate,"  not  "assistant  in  the  parish,"  is  a 
better  version  of  halpeprcest ;  while  to  render 
Drang  by  "bogies"  is  an  offence  which  lovers 
of  Northern  folk-lore  will  find  it  difficult  to 
forgive.  Can  it  be  possible  that  this  translator 
of  a  Norse  story  has  never  heard  of  the  untrans- 
latable Draug,  the  terrible  demon  of  the  North 
Sea,  who  rides  upon  the  stormy  billow  in  a  half- 
boat  to  lure  mariners  to  their  destruction  ? 

The  Promised  Land.  From  the  Danish  of 
Henrik  Pontoppidan  by  Mrs.  Edgar  Lucas. 
(Dent  &  Co.) — We  are  glad  to  notice  that 
Henrik  Pontoppidan  is  gradually  becoming 
known  among  us.  It  is  now  six  years  since  the 
publication  of  'The  Apothecary's  Daughters,' 
the  first  of  his  works,  we  believe,  that  was  ever 
translated  into  English,  and  Messrs.  Dent  have 
just  brought  out  adequate  English  versions 
of  '  Muld '  and  its  sequel,  now  before  us, 
'  Det  Forjrettede  Land.'  Pontoppidan  possesses 
many  of  the  qualities  which  should  make  him 
popular  with  all  classes  of  the  English  public. 
His  art  is  cheerful,  sane,  and  healthy  ;  he  is 
a  genuine  humourist,  with  a  keen  eye,  but  also 
an  indulgent  smile,  for  the  foibles  of  his  fellows  ; 
and  his  simple,  concise,  and  pregnant  Btyle, 
pointed  with  light  irony  and  graceful  satire, 
reminding  one  occasionally  of  Guy  de  Mau- 
passant, especially  in  his  shorter  stories,  is 
that  of  the  true  raconteur.  The  present 
novel,  as  already  mentioned,  is  the  sequel 
to  'Muld,'  also  translated  by  Mrs.  Edgar 
Lucas  under  the  title  of  '  Emanuel  ;  or, 
Children  of  the  Soil.'  The  "children  of  the 
soil  "  are,  of  course,  the  peasants,  and  Emanuel 
is  an  enthusiastic  young  parson  who,  in  order 
to  realize  his  Socialistic  ideals,  deliberately 
turns  his  back  on  all  that  wealth  and  culture 
can  offer  him,  takes  a  peasant  girl  to  wife,  and 
settles  down  among  the  country-folk  as  one  of 


them  'The    Promised    Land'    is    the 

pathetic  story  of    his   gradual  diaenchantmi 

and  somewhat  shami  faced  return  to  civilization, 
sacrificing  in  the  process  the  noble  wife  of 
whom  he  is  not  worthy.  It  is  an  exceedingly 
clever  study  of  the  most  diverse  type*  of  cha- 
r,  standing  out  against  a  vivid  and  con- 
vincing  background   of    Danish    rillage  life 

village  politics.     The  parson  himself,  Ins  much- 

enduring  wife,  his  children,  his  self  seeking 
unstable  flock,  to  whom  he  sacrifices  in  vain 
seven  of  the  best  years  of  his  life,  and  his 
aristocratic  friends,  who  ultimately  reclaim  him, 
supply  excellent  entertainment.  The  tr 
lator  lias,  on  the  whole,  done  her  work  well. 
Downright  blunders  are  creditably  few,  but  her 
sentences  are  occasionally  (e.  'J. ,  on  pp.  16] 
and  196)  clumsy  and  involved,  faults  of  style 
which  Herr  Pontoppidan  himself  is  absolutely 
incapable  of  committing.  The  book  is  prettily 
illustrated  by  Nelly  Erichsen. 


LOCAL    niSTOKV. 

Mk.  Spbncs  Watson  has  done  commendable 
service    in  writing  The  History  of  the  Literary 
and    Philosophical    Society   of   NetocastU-upon- 
Tune    (Scott),     which    locally    is    affectionately 
called  the  "  Lit  and  Phil."     It  was  the  indirect 
offspring    of    an    older    Philosophical     Society 
founded  in  1775,  in  the  origin  of  which  Marat, 
then    practising    in    Newcastle  as   a    veterinary 
surgeon,    is    by  some    believed    to  have  had   a 
share.     In    this    belief   we  do   not    participate. 
Taking  into  account   that  one  of   the   rules  of 
the  society  in  question  was  that  on  each  night 
of  its  meeting   the  members  should   "discuss 
some  Question,  or  Elucidate  some  Proposition 
with  all  the  Freedom  of   Debate  that   is  con- 
sistent with  a  decent  Attention  to  those  estab- 
lished  Opinions,  on    the    Belief   of    which  the 
Welfare  of  Society  in  a  great  measure  depends," 
it  seems  extremely  improbable  that  Marat  had 
anything  to  do  with  it.     This  first  Philosophical 
Society   speedily  died.     The    "Lit   and    Phil" 
was  founded  in  1793,  at  a  time  when  there  was, 
as  Mr.  Spence  Watson  says,   "only  one  other 
such   Society  in    provincial    England   (in    Man- 
chester), and  only  three  learned  Societies  even 
in  London."     It  was  founded  principally  as  "a 
conversational    Society,"  and    had   not  all  dis- 
cussion of  religion  or  politics  at  home  or  abroad 
been  prohibited  there  would  have  been  exciting 
matter  for  discussion  at  its  first  meeting,   for 
sixteen  days  before  that  took  place  Louis  XVI. 
had  been  guillotined.     At  first  no  attempt  was 
made  to  form  a  library,  but  "an  arrangement 
was  made  for  the  systematic  borrowing  of  books 
by  the  members   from  one  another."     All  the 
arrangements   were    humble.       Meetings    took 
place  in  a  room  for  which  six  guineas  a  year 
were   paid  ;    but   the   society  progressed   from 
room  to  room  at  an  increased  rent  and  better 
fittings    until,   in    1798,    it  was   equipped   with 
a   "  lanthorn  to  light  the  entry  and  a  pair  of 
snuffers  for  the  use  of  members,"  besides  books 
and  valuable  fossils.   In  1801  there  was  one  lady 
reader  ;  in  1804,  two.    They  obtained  admission 
with  difficulty,  spinning  then  being  considered 
a  better  occupation  for  a  woman  than  reading  ; 
but  before  long  women  were  not  only  allowed 
to    become   members,   but  "it  was   considered 
that  some  mode  of  election  must  be  found  less 
revolting  to  their  delicacy  than  the  usual  nomi- 
nation."     The    society   has   manifestly   always 
had  in  it  the  principle  of  life  ;  it  has  survived 
great  mismanagement  and  misfortune.     In  Feb- 
ruary,  1893,   on   the   morning   after  a  conver- 
sazione  in   celebration    of    its    centenary,    the 
larger  part  of  its  building  was  burnt,  and  yet 
the  "  Lit  and  Phil''  is  now  stronger  than  ever. 
It    well    deserves    its    success  :     it    has    always 
treated    its    members   liberally  ;   it   has   always 
devoted    money,    energy,    and    thought    to    the 
great     questions    which    affect    the    lives    and 
prosperity    of   the   workers    in    the   important 
manufacturing  district  of  which   Newcastle  is 
the   centre.     From   the  very  foundation  of  the 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


211 


society  scientific  men  have  had  every  facility 
for  making  known  and  testing  the  value  of  any 
discovery  they  may  have  made.  In  1805  a 
lecture  was  given  or  paper  read  '  On  the  Pro- 
priety of  introducing  Roads  on  the  Principle 
of  Coal  Waggonways  for  the  General  Convey- 
ance of  Goods,  with  a  Particular  Reference  to 
shewing  the  Practicability  of  a  Road  on  this 
Principle  from  Newcastle  to  Hexham.'  This 
was  one  of  the  many  schemes  for  railway 
making  which  appeared  and  disappeared  before 
thegreatinventionobtainedfull attention.  There 
were  lectures  '  On  Fire  and  Choke  Damp  in  Coal 
Mines,'  'On  the  Natural  History  of  Coal,'  &c.  ; 
and  nearly  every  eminent  man  in  almost  every 
branch  of  science  and  art  has  had  the  society 
for  his  audience.  Mr.  Spence  Watson  has  per- 
formed his  task  well  and  genially  ;  but  it  is  to 
be  feared  that  he  has  not  a  proper  horror  of  the 
havoc  wrought  by  Mr.  Richard  Grainger  under 
the  guise  of  improving  the  town  of  Newcastle. 

Gloucestershire  Notes  and  Queries.  Edited  by 
W.  P.  W.  Phillimore,  M.A.  Vol.  VI.  (London, 
Simpkin,  Marshall  &  Co.  ;  Gloucester,  Davies 
&  Son.)— This  is  a  most  useful  county  publica- 
tion, which  has  now  been  issued  for  upwards 
of  eighteen  years,  and  has  gone  on  steadily 
improving.  The  most  valuable  part  of  the 
periodical  is  the  account  of  such  monumental 
brasses  as  are  now  remaining.  This  work  has 
not  been  undertaken  a  day  too  soon,  for  several 
of  them  have  suffered  mutilation  in  what  we 
are  compelled  to  regard  as  modern  times.  The 
careful  descriptions  here  supplied  may,  it  is  to  be 
hoped,  hinder  future  losses.  If  this  be  not  so, 
we  shall  at  least  possess  accurate  descriptions 
of  the  Gloucestershire  brasses  as  they  existed 
towards  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century.  It  is 
a  pity  Mr.  Phillimore  has  not  been  able  to  give 
engravings  of  all  of  them.  This,  we  imagine, 
has  been  found  impossible,  but  illustrations  of 
such  parts  of  them  as  are  especially  interesting 
are  supplied.  We  have  a  little  engraving  of 
a  purse  or  "gipser,"  such  as  Chaucer's  Franke- 
lein  wore.  It  occurs  on  the  effigy  of  Thomas 
Rowley,  merchant  and  sheriff  of  Bristol,  who 
died  in  1478,  and  was  buried  in  St.  John's 
Church  in  that  city.  Attached  to  this  purse  is 
a  rosary  of,  as  it  seems,  sixteen  beads,  but  it  is 
possible  that  some  others  may  be  meant  to  be 
understood  as  hidden.  In  any  case,  it  seems 
unlikely  that  a  rosary  such  as  those  now 
in  use  among  Roman  Catholics  here  and 
elsewhere  can  be  intended,  as  they  are  com- 
monly divided  into  decades.  We  have  seen 
several  old  portraits  where  the  beads  which  the 
ladies  wear  are  not  divided  into  tens.  The  sub- 
ject requires  investigation.  It  is  possible  that 
in  days  previous  to  the  Reformation  the  number 
of  beads  may  at  times  have  depended  very  much 
on  the  fancy  of  the  wearer.  Another  "gipser," 
which  the  writer  regards  as  of  about  1480,  is 
figured  from  a  brass  in  the  church  of  St.  Mary, 
Redcliffe.  Here  it  is  also  accompanied  by  a 
rosary,  but  in  this  instance  there  is  nothing  to 
remark  upon  :  the  beads  are  divided  into  two 
sections,  each  containing  ten.  The  interesting 
notes  on  Hanham  Court  are  accompanied  by 
well-executed  illustrations.  The  building  seems 
to  be  still  in  good  repair,  therefore  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  it  may  continue  to  be  preserved  from 
decay  and  restoration.  Readers  will  wish  the 
writer  had  told  them  more  about  it  and  accom- 
panied his  remarks  by  a  plan.  Adjoining  the 
nt  is  an  Early  English  church,  consisting  of  a 
nave,  choir,  and  SOU)  h  aisle.  There  is  too,  we  hear, 
in  interesting  Norman  font.  We  do  not  under- 
stand  whether  the  church  is  still  in  use  or  not. 
The  writer  conjectures  that  it  was  dedicated  to 
St.  George  because  one  of  the  bells  in  the 
tower  is  inscribed  to  him.  This  cannot,  be 
admitted  as  evidence ;  in  fact,  it  rather  favours 
the  idea  that  the  church's  dedication  whs  to 
Home  one  else.  The  accounts  of  bell  inscrip- 
tions which  have  already  beeil  issued  seem  to 
prove,  so  far  as  they  go,  that  the  bells  were 
rarely  dedicated   to  the  patron  of  tho  church. 


If  the  fabric  has  ever  been  a  place  of  burial,  its 
dedication  is  almost  sure  to  be  mentioned  in 
pre-Reformation  wills.  Old  barns  are  much 
rarer  than  old  churches  ;  there  is,  however,  one 
here,  which  is  thus  spoken  of  : — 

"  Situate  a  few  yards  to  the  north  of  this  western 
wing  there  is  a  large  barn,  whose  massive  walls  and 
buttresses  and  rounded  arch  on  the  eastern  side 
seem  to  point  to  its  being  of  the  late  Norman 
period.'' 

If  this  be  so  it  should  be  tenderly  cared  for. 
An  engraving  is  given,  but  it  is  not  very  in- 
structive. Upton  St.  Leonards,  near  Glou- 
cester, has  a  common  field— if  it  has  not  already 
been  enclosed— which  is  a  relic  of  an  early  form 
of  culture  by  no  means  uncommon  in  the  last 
century,  but  now  almost  entirely  swept  away. 
There  are  between  five  and  six  hundred  acres, 
thus  described  : — 

"  It  is  all  common  land,  held  in  severalty  by  the 
various  owners  during  part  of  the  year  until  the 
crops  are  removed,  and  after  harvest  subject  to  be 
depastured  in  common  by  the  stock  of  the  free- 
holders. Each  tract  is  made  up  of  a  number  of 
unfenced  strips,  of  which  there  are  in  all  about 
1,130,  of  the  average  size  of  half-an-acre,  belonging 
to  more  than  80  owners." 

The  dog-whipper  has  become  a  thing  of  the 
past ;  the  last  instance  we  can  call  to  mind  of  that 
functionary  being  paid  a  salary  for  his  work 
occurred  somewhere  about  eighty  years  ago,  but 
in  some  places  dogs  were  accustomed  to  follow 
their  masters  and  mistresses  to  church  at  a 
much  later  period.  Pattens,  at  least  of  the 
old  kind,  are  never  seen  nowadays,  but  there 
must  be  among  our  readers  not  a  few  who  can 
remember  the  clatter  of  the  pattens  as  the 
old  women  thronged  into  church  on  a  Sunday. 
The  following  inscription,  painted  on  a  board, 
is  still  to  be  seen  in  the  north  porch  of  Hawkes- 
bury  Church  : — 

"  It  is  desired  that  all  Persons  that  do  come  to 
this  Church  would  be  careful  to  leave  their  Dogs  at 
home  &  that  the  Women  would  not  walk  in  with 
their  Pattens." 

The  will  of  Robert  Ingram,  executed  in  1543, 
is  curious  as  marking  a  time  of  transition.  He 
leaves  his  soul  to  God,  but  the  saints  are  not 
mentioned  ;  had  it  been  executed  ten  years 
earlier  it  is  almost  certain  that  they  would  not 
have  been  omitted. 

Bygone  Sussex,  by  W.  E.  A.  Axon  (Andrews 
&  Co.),  is,  on  the  whole,  a  creditable  specimen 
of  the  "Bygone"  series.  Although  written  in 
a  popular  style,  it  avoids  the  snare  of  senti- 
mental weakness,  and  keeps  clear  of  serious 
errors.  The  best,  however,  that  can  be  said 
for  these  books  of  gossip  about  the  past  is  that 
they  may  awaken  in  their  readers  an  interest 
in  the  history  of  their  district.  The  longest 
paper,  '  In  Denis  Duval's  Country,'  is  a  pleasant 
enough  sketch  of  Rye,  which  is  evidently  a 
favourite  spot  with  the  author.  '  Pardon 
Brasses'  is  perhaps  the  most  ambitious  essay 
in  the  volume.  Sussex  ballads  and  chap- 
books  have  been  ransacked,  but  a  good  deal  of 
feeble  modern  poetry,  which  also  appears,  might 
have  been  omitted.  The  legend  of  the  '  Mer- 
chant of  Chichester,'  rescued  abroad  from  the 
gallows  by  a  maiden  offering  to  marry  him,  is 
widespread,  as  the  author  observes  ;  but  he  is 
not  aware  that  the  practice  was  legally  recog- 
nized in  France,  as  is  proved  by  the  "  Etablisse- 
mens  de  Rouen."  The  illustrations,  which 
are  from  photographs,  are  successful,  and  the 
book  is  provided  with  an  index. 

In  his  reissue  of  Rambles  in  GaUou-ay 
(Dalbeattie,  Eraser  ;  London,  Fisher  Unwin) 
Mr.  Malcolm  McL.  Harper  has  revised  the  first 
edition  of  his  work,  published  twenty  years  ago 
and  long  out  of  print,  and  added  much  to  it  in  the 
shape  both  of  new  materials  and  of  fresh  illus- 
trations. Since  the  book  came  OUt  the  district 
has  leapt  into  an  unexpected  popularity  through 
the  stories  of  Mr.  Crockett,  and  doubtless  many 

of    those    who    hare     been     fascinated     by     '  The 

Raiders,'    'The   Lilac    Sunbonnet,' and    other 

Galloway   tales,    will   be   glad   to   consult   Mr. 


Harper's  pages  for  a  more  detailed  account  of 
their  favourite  scenes.  A  good  index  enhances 
the  value  of  the  volume,  which  is  dedicated  to 
Sir  Mark  Stewart,  Bart.,  M.P.  for  the  Stewartry 
of  Kirkcudbright.  The  pictures,  by  numerous 
hands,  are  adequate,  but  the  older  woodblocks, 
which  are  a  good  deal  the  worse  for  wear,  might 
well  have  been  discarded. 

Annals  of  Garelochside,  by  William  Charles 
Maughan  (Paisley,  Gardner),  is  a  commendable 
expansion  of  'Rosneath  Past  and  Present,' 
reviewed  by  us  three  years  ago  as  "one  of  the 
best  parish  histories  that  Scotland  has  produced." 
It  takes  in,  besides  Rosneath  on  the  western 
side  of  the  Gareloch,  the  opposite  parishes  of 
Cardross  and  Row,  the  latter  containing  the 
watering-place  of  Helensburgh  and  the  well- 
known  Shandon  Hydropathic.  Rosneath  has 
certainly  the  more  interesting  history  ;  still,  in 
Cardross  Castle  died  Robert  the  Bruce  ;  Tobias 
Smollett  was  born  in  the  old  mansion-house  of 
Dalquhurn  ;  and  Row  has  its  memories  of  the 
bloody  clan -battle  of  Glenfruin  (1603),  of  the 
great  heresy-hunt  of  Dr.  McLeod  Campbell,  of 
the  "father  of  steam  navigation,"  Henry  Bell, 
and  of  Madeleine  Smith,  Mr.  Bradlaugh,  and 
the  "  Terror  of  the  Clyde."  We  still  notice  the 
same  strong  natural  bias  to  the  house  of  Camp- 
bell ;  and  we  still  hold  that  Huntly  was  no  rebel 
in  1644,  but  that  Argyll  was  one  in  1685. 

CLASSICAL  SCHOOL-BOOKS. 

Pitt  Press  Series.— The  Alcestis  of  Euripides. 
Edited,  with  Introduction  and  Notes,  by  W.  S. 
Hadley,  M.A.     (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 

Mr.   Hadley 's  commentary  is,  on  the  whole, 

good,  but  he  halts  between  teaching  Greek  in 
general  and  the  Greek  of  the  '  Alcestis  '  in  par- 
ticular, so  that  Mr.  Sherlock  Holmes  would  pro- 
bably infer  that  he  had  vamped  up  college 
lecture  notes  into  an  edition.  We  notice  a 
suspicion  of  that  facility  of  assertion  which  Mr. 
Hadley  should  allow  others  to  monopolize.  For 
instance,  it  would  take  a  bulky  volume  to  defend 
the  statement  made  on  v.  17  that  "an  in- 
definite relative  may  not  refer  to  a  definite 
antecedent."  The  best  feature  of  the  book  is 
the  trenchant  criticism  in  the  introduction  of 
Dr.  Verrall's  view  of  the  '  Alcestis.' 

Pitt  Press  Series. — M.  Annaei  Lucani  de  Bello 
Ciuili  Liber  VII.  With  Introduction,  Notes, 
and  Critical  Appendix  by  J.  P.  Postgate,  Litt.D. 
(Cambridge,  University  Press.)— Any  publica- 
tion by  Dr.  Postgate  on  Latin  poetry  must  be 
welcome  to  scholars,  and  an  instalment  of  a 
fresh  edition  of  Lucan's  '  Pharsalia '  is  parti- 
cularly acceptable,  as  the  labours  of  previous 
editors,  however  meritorious,  have  left  much  to 
be  desired.  Perhaps  textual  criticism  will  be 
regarded  as  the  most  important  feature  of  the 
work.  The  correction  of  eriyitur  (v.  141)  to 
corrigitur  is  convincing  in  the  light  of  the  editor's 
explanation  and  illustrations.  The  transfer  of 
the  comma  to  the  end  of  v.  216  is  a  slight  change 
of  excellent  effect.  The  exhaustive  treatment 
of  vv.  462  f.  is  worthy  of  special  attention.  Our 
editor  reads  : — 

Quo  sua  pila  cadant,  aut  quam  sibi  fata  minentur 
Inde  maiium,  spectant;  uultusque  ac  noscere  tempus. 

In  v.  43  for  the  verb  of  "  quorum  gemitus  edere 
(vv.  11.  sedere,  odere)dolorem  "  we  prefer  soluere 
to  our  editor's  clausere,  as  nearer  to  the  MSS. 
and  a  more  satisfactory  meaning.  The  text  "is 
based  in  the  main  on  the  critical  materials  col- 
lected in  the  Teubner  edition  of  Dr.  C.  Hosius," 
an  acknowledgment  which  scarcely  does  justice 
to  Dr.  Postgate's  industry  and  accuracy.  The 
historical  introduction  is  exhaustive  and  full  of 
spirit.  In  a  future  edition  Dr.  Postgate  might 
occasionally  pay  more  attention  to  the  needs  of 
immature  or  rusty  students. 

Pitt  Press  Series.— Taoitua,  Histories,  Book  T. 

Edited,  with  Introduction.  Notes,  and  Index,  by 
C.  A.  Davies.  M.A.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.)—  Notwithstanding  duly  acknowledged 
indebtedness  to  Halm  for  text  and  Karl  Heraus 


212 


Til  E     AT  II  KNittUM 


N   8610,  Feb.  L3,  '97 


for  notes,  ihis  edition   is  only  partly  "  made  in 

Germany."    It  appears  on  the  1'iit  Press  list  of 

"  Books     suitable     for    Various     Kxammat  LOl 

18  '7  B."  These  is*  full  and  useful  commentary 
ami  ■  creditable  historical  introduction.  The 
remarks  on  "corrupts  oastrs"  (chap,  sxviii.) 
afford  a  good  example  of  sound  and  independent 
work.  The  oonatruotion  ia  explained  as  aoeuas- 
tivo  or  infinitive  dependent  on  a  participle 
supplied  from  "  metuena  "  by  zeugma. 

Th<  <.'nllo-  War  of  Julius  Ooesar,  Book  VI. 
With  Introduction,  Notes,  and  Appendices  by 
J.  Brown,  B.A.  (Blaekie  &  Son.)—  The  notes 
and  exercises,  forty  four  in  number,  of  tliis 
elementary  reader  are  good,  l)uL  the  vocabulary 

is  carelessly  prepared.  Many  marks  of  quantity 
are  left  out,  as  in  "  detriment  urn"  for  ltd*  tr/'nien- 
tum  ";  and  the  adj.  aliqui  (chap,  xiii.)  is  omitted. 

The  Plutus    «/   Aristophanes.     Edited,  with 

Introduction  and  Notes,  by  M.  T.  Quinn,  M.A. 
(Bell  it  Sons.) — This  edition  is  not  devoid  of 
merit,  but  still  its  publication  is  scarcely  justified 
either  by  freshness  of  treatment  or  exhaustive- 
ness.  The  koI  of  vv.  8,  17,  44,  ought  to  have 
notes  ;  the  MS.  reading  of  vv.  119,  120,  ought 
to  be  retained,  as  «t  ttvOoito  is  not  a  contradic- 
tion of  ctSus,  but  a  parenthetical  variation 
dramatically  appropriate  to  the  perturbation  of 
the  speaker  ;  wreureiv,  v.  997,  is  not  "to  add," 
but  to  hint ;  while  just  before  the  order  totti 
tou  TrtvuKO1;  Tpayrj/jLara  «7roi'Ta  requires  a  note. 
Surely  6'tw  ^vuavTi'jcrai/u  irpwrov  t^aav,  v.  41, 
is  a  gird  at  Euripides,  'Ion,'  787  ff.  ;  compare 
also  v.  10  with  '  Ion,'  435  tf. 

Demosthenes  against  Conon  and  Callicles. 
Edited,  with  Notes,  Appendices,  and  Vocabulary, 
by  F.  Darwin  Swift,  M.A.  (Methuen  &  Co.)— 
This  elementary  edition  of  two  well-selected 
speeches  seems  about  up  to  the  average  of  such 
productions.  However,  kirdyicrOai  is  hardly 
"undertake,"  and  the  editor  seems  a  little  weak 
as  to  the  idiom  of  apa,  "after  all,"  with  a  past 
tense  (p.  38).  The  translation  of  6'Xos  as  "  while  " 
in  the  vocabulary  appears  to  be  a  misprint. 

Masters  who  are  too  lazy  or  incompetent  to 
consult  the  special  needs  of  their  classes  will 
find  Easy  Greek  Grammar  Papers,  by  F.  Ritchie, 
M.A.  (Longmans),  140  in  number,  useful,  and 
of  course  examiners  can  pick  out  any  number 
of  papers  from  them  with  very  little  trouble. 

Upon  A  First  Greek  Reading  Book  (Rivington, 
Percival  &  Co.)  Mr.  A.  Sidgwick  has  bestowed 
immense  pains  in  making  practicable  and  attrac- 
tive the  method  of  beginning  the  study  of  Greek 
— after  learning  the  letters  and  mastering  a 
little  elementary  grammar  (seven  short  pages 
in  this  case) — by  reading  continuous  narratives 
containing  easy  compound  sentences.  We  re- 
commend teachers  and  scholars  to  give  this 
method,  as  ably  developed  by  Mr.  Sidgwick,  a 
fair  trial. 

Tlie  Student's  Companion  to  Latin  Authors, 
by  G.  Middleton  and  J.  R.  Mdls  (Macmillan), 
furnishes  in  a  brief  and  convenient  form  all  the 
important  facts  relating  to  the  principal  Latin 
authors.  The  chief  authorities  are  quoted  in  the 
original,  and  there  is  a  useful  appendix  containing 
a  select  list  of  editions.  The  book  is  really  well 
arranged,  and,  as  there  is  a  distinct  want  of 
some  such  brief  account  in  view  of  the  Uni- 
versity and  Civil  Service  examinations,  it  will 
no  doubt  be  widely  used.  In  the  section  on 
Horace  some  notes  on  his  philosophy  might 
be  added,  and  Pollio  should  bo  mentioned 
as  a  poet  -  friend  of  his  and  Virgil's.  The 
absence  of  critical  appreciation  means  a  great 
saving  of  space,  but  the  addition  of  the  verdicts 
of  well-known  authorities  like  Quintilian  would 
not  take  up  much  room  and  might  be  considered 
for  a  future  edition. 

Epigraphy  is  a  study  which  no  modern 
classical  scholar  can  neglect,  and  Prof.  Egbert, 
of  Columbia  College,  in  his  Introduction  to  the 
Study  of  Latin  Inscriptions  (Longmans)  has 
filled  a  distinct  gap.  Though  his  work  makes 
no  claim  to  be  original,  it  gathers  up  satisfac- 


torily   the    labours    of    the    best    continental 

scholars.  Examples  of  all  sorts  are  fully  and 
lucidly  treated  With  many  illustrations.  Wo 
note  as  especially  well  done  the  inscriptions 
which  treat  of  the  emperors  and  the  very  useful 
table  of  abbreviations  (pp.  416  160).  Difficult 
auoh  as  the  use  of  "  imperator  "  are  adequately 

explained,  bul  Dally,  as  in  the  case  of  the 

"Fratres  Arvales,"  compression  has  concealed 

debatable    ground.       The     use     of     exclamation 

marks  to  indicate  letters  hopelessly  | -i  ai  •  d  gives 
a  very  startling  look  to  some  pages.  There  is 
some  awkward  writing  about  the  signs  for  the 
dead    on    p.    231,    but   the   style  as   a    whole   is 

clear  and  easy.  A  protest  against  Americanisms 
would   probably  nowadays  be  insular,   if  not 

nugatory. 

Messrs.  Rivington,  Percival  &  Co.  have  sent 
US  several  copies  of  their  "Single-Term  Latin 
Readers,"  all  by  Mr.  W.  Greenstock.  The  idea 
of  a  book  for  each  term  seems  a  good  one,  and  is 
here  well  carried  out.  We  have  seen  a  better 
Latin  version  of  Herodotus  for  boys  than  that 
of  Second  Term — Boo):  I.;  but  his  stories  are 
quite  the  right  thing  to  attract  young  learners. 
Livy  (Third  Term — Book  I.)  is  too  hard  for 
elementary  work,  although  the  notes  and  voca- 
bularies are  both  very  full. 


ANNUALS. 


Politics  in  1896:  an  Annual,  edited  by  Mr. 
Frederick  Whelan,  and  published  by  Mr.  Grant 
Richards,  is  an  excellent  book,  as  most  com- 
petent writers  have  been  chosen  for  the  various 
subjects.  We  almost  doubt,  however,  whether 
it  is  likely  to  be  a  success  as  a  book  of  reference 
and  as  an  annual  publication.  The  articles  are 
of  the  kind  which  we  expect  to  find  in  the  best 
magazines,  and  are  like  many  others  by  first-rate 
writers  which  appear  from  month  to  month. 
They  are  not  specially  designed  for  future 
reference.  There  is  a  Conservative  view  of 
the  year  by  Mr.  Traill  ;  a  Liberal  view  by 
Mr.  Massingham  ;  a  so-called  Socialist  view  (but 
more  properly  Fabian  view)  of  remarkable 
ability  by  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw,  who  is  as  brilliant 
and  as  full  of  ideas  as  usual,  but  who  will  be 
sniffed  at  by  the  strict  Socialist,  who  will  pro- 
bably, on  the  whole,  dislike  his  article  more 
than  he  will  either  that  of  Mr.  Traill  or  that  of 
Mr.  Massingham.  Mr.  G.  W.  Steevens  writes 
most  competently  on  foreign  affairs,  and  Mr. 
H.  W.  Wilson  excellently  upon  the  navy.  There 
is  a  thoughtful  and  clever  article  by  Capt. 
Maude  upon  the  army,  but  it  is  a  little  pro- 
voking, as  it  does  not  really  give  Capt. 
Maude's  view  of  what  should  be  done.  His 
criticisms  on  what  exists  and  on  what  is  being 
done  are  powerful,  but  he  does  not  frankly 
adhere  to  either  the  newer  naval  or  the  newer 
military  school,  and  he  tantalizes  his  readers  by 
stopping  a  little  short  of  a  conclusion. 

The  Literary  Year-Book,  1897  (G.  Allen), 
edited  by  Mr.  Allalo,  is  a  new  enterprise,  ami 
is,  therefore,  not  to  be  judged  harshly,  although 
it  contains  some  startling  pronouncements 
couched  in  language  not  usual  in  a  book  of 
reference  ;  for  instance  : — 

"The  strong  and  liberal  atmosphere  breathed  and 
exhaled  by  Walt  Whitman  seems,  on  the  other 
hand,  to  belong  to  some  huge  and  billowy  epic 
Boented  from  his  [.')  peak  in  the  hollows  of  Botne 
adjacent  era,  wherein  the  innumerable  intellectual 
tendencies  of  the  present  age  shall  discharge  them- 
selves finally  and  peacefully." 

Mr.  Arlalo  would  do  well  to  remember  that  a 
year-book  is  intended  to  provide  information, 
and  not  llowery  writing  of  this  sort.  —  Green- 
wood's Library  Year-Book,  1$'.'?  (Cassell),  is 
much  less  ambitious  and  more  useful.  Mr. 
Greenwood  is  an  enthusiast,  and  is  inclined  to 
attribute  more  virtues  to  public  libraries  than 
other  people  see  in  them  ;  but  he  has  collected 
his  matter  with  diligence,  and  arranged  it 
carefully,  so  that  his  volume  is  full  of  informa- 
tion.—  We  have  praised  before  now  The  PuWtc 
ISchools  Year-Book  (Sonnenschein),  but  it  has  still 


some  defects.  What  does  the  mysterious  sentence 
mean  regarding  Loretto,  which  ean  hardly  be 
Called  a  public  school  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  tin- 
word:  "Loretto  School  belon  -el»t 
Head  Master,  but  it  is  his  wish  and  purpose  to 
found  it  "  {  Why  is  that  excellent  school  Llan- 
dovery not  mentioned  '.  and,  as  we  once  asked 

before,   on    what   principle    is    Felsted   included 

and  Bury  St.  Edmnnda  omitt 

That,    most  welcome  annual  The  English  ' 
logut      '     B     Id    has    reached    us    from    Messrs. 
Sampson  Low  A  Co.    The  tit Ls  are  now  printed 

in  full— a  decided  improvement. 


OUR  LIBRAS?  TABLE, 

Mk.  Mt  kkay  publishes  Tht  Navy  and  the 
Nation,  by  Lieut. -Col.  Sir  G<  u  Clarke  and 
Mr.  .James  It.  'I  hursfield,  wi  high  autho- 

rity,   who    reprint    valuable    articles    from    the 
Times,  the   Quarterly  Review,  and  some  of  the 
magazines,  and  prefix  a  short  introduction.   The 
introduction   lays  down  excellent  principles  in 
clear   language    to    the  effect   that   if    the  seas 
are  held,  territorial  security,  both  at  home  and 
abroad,     is    thus    provided,    and    that  if    they 
are     not    so     held,    no    army    and    no     forti- 
fications  which   we   are    likely   to   possess    caa 
avert   national    ruin.     The    authors,    perhaps, 
push  their  principles  a  little  far  when  they  ask 
of   what  use  were   declamation  and  diplomatic 
warfare,   estranging  the   United    Kingdom   and 
Russia,  over  the  inevitable  advance  of  Russia 
towards   India  ;   for   their   language    upon  this 
point,  and  also  with  regard  to  a  Russian  occupa- 
tion of  Constantinople,   seems  to  suggest  that 
the  advance  of  Russia  towards  India,  and  the 
fortification  by  her  of  the  Dardanelles,  with  the 
perfect  naval   base  of    the  immense  Black  Sea 
behind,  would  constitute  no  danger,  no  menace, 
no  evil    even,  to   the   policy   of    this   country. 
There  are  other  considerations  which  enter  into 
the   account.     The   military   defence   of   India 
becomes   more  difficult   and    more   costly,   and 
the  holding  of  the  Mediterranean  is  affected  in 
like    manner.     Sir   George  Clarke  in   his   firsfc 
essay,   a  paper  which  was   read    in    February, 
1896,    speaks    of    the    naval   and    military   ex- 
penditure of   the  Empire  as   being   fifty-three 
millions  in    the  year,  but   sixty-three  millions- 
would  have  been  a  more  accurate  figure  ;  for  Sir 
George  Clarke  can  hardly  have  included  loan 
moneys  in  his  account,  and  there  is  no  possible 
reason  for  drawing  a  distinction  between  moneys 
spent  in  the  year  out  of  loan  and  moneys  spent 
out  of   taxes.     He  must  also,  we  think,  hav» 
neglected  the  heavy  supplementary  estimates  of 
February  last.     Mr.  Thurstield's   most  valuable 
essay  on  'Naval  Manoeuvres  and  their  Lessons* 
sums  up  the  principles  of  the  authors  in  another 
set  of  words  from  that  used  in  the  preface  which 
is  also  worthy  of  recollection,  to  the  effect  that 
we  must  make  our  defence  an  active  one  ;  and 
he    points   out   (as     Admiral    P.    Colomb,    ex- 
panding    the     same     idea,     has     also      lately 
done)    that    we     have     spent,    and     are    still 
spending,     far    too    much    money    upon    fixed 
defence  of  various  kinds,  compared  with  what 
we  spend  upon  our  mobile  resources,   military 
and  naval.     One  of  the  most  useful  papers  ii* 
the   volume  is  that   called    'England    and    the 
Mediterranean,'  by  Sir  George  Clarke,  in  which 
he  has  shown  the  danger  of  a  policy  which  has 
been  advocated  by  such  high  authorities  as  Mr. 
Arnold-Forster    and    Mr.    Laird    Clowes,    and 
supported  by  Mr.  Shaw-Lcfevre  and  some  othe7 
Liberal  politicians,  who  desire  that  we  should 
abandon  the  Mediterranean,  and  mask  it  from 
without.      Mr.  Arnold-Forster  and  "Nauticus" 
have  done  such    good   work   that    their  names 
naturally   carry  the  greatest  weight,  but  Capt. 
Mahan     has      well     shown,     and     Sir     George 
Clarke     proves,     that    we    cannot    divide    the 
seas  and  retire  from  such  a  sea  as   the   Medi- 
terranean  with    the    effect    of    increasing    the 
cheapness  of  our  defence.     Sir  George  Clarke, 
however,    goes     too    far,    for     he     seems     to 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


213 


imply  that  it  would  be  possible  to  use  the 
Mediterranean  and  Suez  Canal  as  a  trade  route 
in  time  of  dangerous  war — a  contention  in 
which  the  best  sailors  fail  to  follow  him.  The 
statements  of  Sir  George  Clarke  in  this  paper 
are,  perhaps,  slightly  at  variance  with  the 
suggestions  of  the  introduction  to  which  he  has 
set  his  name.  In  the  introduction  he  seems  to 
discourage  the  military  occupation  of  Egypt 
and  the  military  tenancy  of  Cyprus,  while  in 
the  paper  '  England  and  the  Mediterranean  '  he 
shows  that  he  thinks  that  the  occupation  of 
Egypt  is  of  some  military  value,  and  he  uses 
the  phrase  "  Cyprus  reverts  to  the  Porte  "  (of 
the  policy  of  Mr.  Laird  Clowes)  as  though  he 
disliked  to  contemplate  its  loss.  There  is  no 
absolute  contradiction,  but  there  is  a  difference 
of  tone  which  will  mislead  the  ordinary  reader. 
On  the  whole,  we  can  highly  commend  this 
valuable  republication. 

Some  Unconventional  People.  By  Mrs.  Glad- 
wyn  Jebb.  (Blackwood  &  Sons.) — Readers  of 
'  The  Life  and  Adventures  of  John  Gladwyn 
Jebb,'  which  we  noticed  rather  more  than  two 
years  ago,  will  remember  that  that  romantic 
book  was  written  by  his  widow,  who  had  passed 
some  years  in  Mexico,  and  had  enjoyed  many 
strange  experiences.  Miners,  prospectors,  con- 
cession hunters,  frontiersmen,  and,  of  course, 
Mexicans,  were  the  "unconventional  people" 
who  entered  largely  into  the  life  of  the  Jebbs, 
and  these  are  now  characteristically  described 
in  just  a  dozen  chapters.  It  can  hardly  be 
expected  that  readers  who  have  never  met 
with  such  persons  will  enjoy  this  little  book  as 
much  as  we  have  done  ;  but  the  stories  are  told 
so  briskly  and  with  so  much  humour  that  they 
appeal  to  many  tastes.  Some  are  rather 
pathetic  and  in  the  style  with  which  Bret 
Harte  has  familiarized  us,  but  the  majority 
are  amusing  throughout  ;  amongst  these  '  Con- 
cerning a  Mine,'  describing  how  a  swindling 
Mexican  mine-owner  was  outwitted  by  his  ex- 
pected victim,  in  whom  the  reader  is  fairly 
entitled  to  recognize  Jebb  himself.  But  we  will 
give  an  extract  from  '  The  Ways  of  Guadaloupe" ' 
(adopting  Mrs.  Jebb's  orthography  for  the 
name)  and  let  the  reader  judge.  The  heroine 
came  to  the  house  as  if  to  pay  a  call,  but  in- 
quiry showed  that  she  wished  for  a  place  "  on  the 
staff,"  and  having  been  appointed  to  the  post  of 
parlour-maid,  she  proceeded  to  perform  her  duties 
in  truly  Mexican  fashion.  Under  conciliatory 
admonition  her  improvement  was  so  rapid  that 
her  employers  ventured  upon  a  dinner-party,  and 
Guadaloupe  dressed  the  table — likewise  herself 
— most  becomingly  :  after  which  she  disappeared, 
not  only  for  one  but  for  forty  psychological 
minutes,  and  was  found  calmly  flirting  with  the 
postman,  her  chief  admirer.  Then  she  remarked 
that,  "after  all,  men  were  foolish  creatures,  and 
she  intended  having  no  more  to  do  with  them," 
kept  her  word  for  five  months,  went  away  for  a 
week's  holiday,  and  returned  at  the  end  of  a 
fortnight  wreathed  in  dimples  and  smiles  : — 

'"  What  have  you  been  doing,  Guadaloupe  ! '  she 
was  asked,  with  an  attempt  at  severity  which  failed 
lamentably  in  view  of  the  truaDt's  futile  efforts  to 
put  on  a  suitable  expression. 

"'Nothing  but  this,  Se&ora,'  replied  Guadaloupe, 
proceeding  carefully  to  unroll  a  bundle  which  had 
been  tucked  away  beneath  her  rebozo. 

"  'Good  Heavens  1  Why, it's  a  baby,'  exclaimed 
the  Seflora  in  horrified  accents. 

"  Yes,'  said  Guadaloupe  calmly  ;  '  isn't  it  a  pretty 
one? ' 

'  '  But,  what— why— you  can't  bring  it  here,  you 
know,'  expostulated  the  scandalized  mistress. 

•'<)h,  yes,  1  can,'  said  the  baby's  unabashed 
mamma,  '  It  is  very  quiet,  and  I  won't  let  it 
disturb  the  BeSor.' 

'  '  But  you  don't  seem   to  understand,'  said   the 
ira  ;  'it's  wrong— wicked— it  isn't  respectable. 
We  must  do  something  about  it.     Who— Who—  ? ' 

iii'  i"  town,'  Guadaloupe'  replied,  with 
equanimity;  '  but  he  has  heard  nothing  of  it,  and 
I  shan't  tell  him.1 

''Oh,  hut  you  must,  and  your  master  shall  speak 
seriously  to  him.  We  must  see  if  we  cau't  get  him 
to  marry  you.' 


"  'If  the  Senora  does  not  object,'  said  the  culprit, 
'I  don't  want  to  marry  him.' 

"  '  Why  not  ? '  almost  gasped  her  listener. 

"'Because  I  don't  like  him  well  enough  1 '  said 
Guadaloupe." 

Mr.  Murray  has  sent  us  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  Sopliocles  in  English  Verse,  by  Prof. 
Campbell,  which  we  reviewed  on  its  appearance 
in  1883.  A  more  regular  correspondence  between 
strophe  and  antistrophe  is  the  chief  alteration 
since  then  ;  and  the  execution  of  the  lyric  por- 
tions in  rhymed  verse,  a  task  of  extreme  diffi- 
culty, is  as  good  as  anything  Ave  have  seen  of 
the  sort.  We  still  prefer  Mr.  Whitelaw's  ver- 
sion in  the  dialogue,  and  remark  that  some  weak 
places  which  we  noted  have  not  received  atten- 
tion, but  the  rendering  is  not  devoid  of  spirit, 
and  was  quite  worth  reprinting. 

In  Lyrics  in  Prose  by  De  Quincey  (George 
Allen)  Mr.  R.  B.  Johnson  has  made  some  good 
selections  from  the  highly  coloured  prose  of  the 
Opium-Eater.  The  little  volume  is  a  pretty  one, 
and,  though  small  enough  to  go  into  the  pocket, 
clearly  printed. 

The  Comte  de  Saint-Aulaire,  who  has  pre- 
viously written  some  books  that  we  have 
praised,  now  publishes,  through  M.  Calmann 
Levy,  Lettres  de  Vieillards :  Etudes  Con- 
temporaries— a  series  of  imaginary  letters  from 
a  cardinal  archbishop  to  another  French 
bishop,  from  a  former  French  ambassador  to  a 
former  French  judge,  and  between  men  of 
science,  painters,  critics,  and  so  forth.  We  are 
unable  to  say  much  that  is  good  of  them,  although 
they  are  well  written,  and  not  open  to  any 
serious  attack,  except  on  the  ground  that  the 
archbishop  and  bishop,  writing  against  the 
present  policy  of  the  Pope,  write  as  ecclesiastics 
talk  to  one  another,  but  not  in  the  form  in 
which  they  trust  their  opinions  upon  paper. 
The  rather  nice  old  people  who  till  M.  de 
Saint-Aulaire's  pages  with  their  views  yvrite 
otherwise  very  like  real  people,  but  rather 
tiresome  people,  so  that  it  was  not  necessary  to 
make  a  volume  of  their  views. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  have  sent  us 
another  instalment  of  their  handsome  "Cen- 
tenary Edition  "  of  Carlyle's  works.  It  contains 
Heroes  and  Hero-Worship,  and  is  enriched  with 
photogravures  of  Shakspeare  (the  Stratford 
bust),  Rousseau  from  a  contemporary  mezzo- 
tint, and  Napoleon.  Mr.  Traill's  introduction 
furnishes  judicious  and  acute  criticism  of 
the  celebrated  lectures. — Volumes  XVII.  and 
XVIII.  of  the  excellent  edition  of  "The  Novels 
of  Capt.  Marryat,"  which  Messrs.  Dent  are 
publishing  and  Mr.  Brimley  Johnson  edits, 
contain  that  admirable  story  for  boys  Master- 
man  Ready  and  The  Settlers  in  Canada.  Mr. 
Symington's  etchings  in  the  latter  tale  are 
excellent. — In  their  collection  of  the  prose 
writings  of  Mr.  John  Davidson,  Messrs.  Ward 
cfc  Downey  have  issued  a  volume  (the  fourth) 
containing  Ninian  Jamieson  and  A  Practical 
Novelist.  —  Messrs.  Newnes  have  been  well 
advised  to  reprint  Curzon's  delightful  book 
Visits  to  the  Monasteries  of  the  Levant,  but  they 
should  have  added  an  index,  suppressed  the 
frontispiece,  and  perhaps  added  two  or  three 
foot-notes  correcting  the  slight  mistakes  which 
Curzon  let  pass  untouched  in  his  sixth  edition. 

We  have  received  the  catalogues  of  Mr. 
Baker,  Mr.  Edwards  (good),  Messrs.  Karslake 
it  Co.  (interesting),  Messrs.  Luzac  &  Co. 
(Oriental  and  African  literature),  Messrs. 
Maurice  &  Co.,  Mr.  Menken  (two),  Mr. 
Myers,  Mr.  Nutt  (good),  Mr.  Spencer,  and 
Messrs.  Suckling  it  Galloway,  and  from  the 
Theosophical  Publishing  Society  a  catalogue  of 
theosophicaJ  books.  Wo  have  also  catalogues 
from  Mr.  Thistlewood  and  Mr.  Wilson  of  Bir- 
mingham, Mr.  Murray  of  Derby  (good),  Mr. 
Brown,  Messrs.  Douglas  &  Foulis,  and  Mr. 
Grant  (two,  interesting)  of  Edinburgh,  Mr. 
Young  of  Liverpool,  Messrs.  Blatter  &  Rose  of 

Oxford,   Messrs.    Mitchinan    A    ('•>.    of    Sheffield, 

and  Messrs.  Gilbert  A  Bona  of  Southampton.       i 


We  have  on  our  table  Selections  from,  Auer- 
bach's  Schwarzwdlder  Dorfgeschichten,  edited  by 
J.  F.  Davis  and  A.  Weiss  (Whittaker), — Single- 
Term  Greek  Readers:  Second  Term,  Book  III. 
(Rivington), — Light  as  the  Interpretation  of  the 
Law  of  Gravity,  by  A.  M.  Cameron  (Sydney, 
Angus  &  Robertson), — Advanced  Mechanics: 
Vol.  II.  Statics,  by  W.  Briggs  and  G.  H.  Bryan 
(Clive), — Transformers  for  Single  and  Multi- 
phase Currents,  by  G.  Kapp  (Whittaker), 
— Hygiene  for  Beginners,  by  E.  S.  Reynolds 
(Macmillan), — Cycling  as  a  Cause  of  Heart 
Disease,  by  G.  Herschell,  M.D.  (Bailliere, 
Tindall  &  Cox), — The  Education  of  the  Central 
Nervous  System,  by  R.  P.  Hallack  (Macmillan}, 
— The  Economy  of  Temperance,  by  J.  J.  Baker 
(C.E.T.S.), — Intaglio  Engraving,  Past  and  Pre- 
sent, by  E  Renton  (Bell), — Table  Mountain  : 
Pictures  with  Pen  and  Camera,  by  A.  V.  Hall 
(Juta  &  Co.), — Rich  and  Poor,  by  Mrs.  B. 
Bosanquet  (Macmillan), — A  Little  Lass  and 
Lad,  by  S.  Tytler  (S.P.C.K.),  —  Three  LittU 
Wise  Men,  by  W.  E.  Cule  (S.S.U.),  —  Men 
who  Win,  or  Making  Things  Happen, 
by  W.  M.  Thayer  (Nelson),  —  Shod  with 
Silence,  by  E.  S.  Ellis  (Cassell),— The  Senti- 
mental Vikings,  by  R.  V.  Risley  (Lane), — 
Harold  the  Norseman,  by  F.  Whishaw  (Nelson), 
— The  Chest  of  Opium,  by  Mr.  M—  (Neville 
Beeman), — Rada,  by  H.  Vacaresco  and  G.  Sar- 
mento  (Fisher  Unwin),  —  Who  Can  Say?  by 
E.  E.  Smyth  (C.E.T.S.),—  A rmenosa  of  Egypt: 
a  Romance  of  the  Arab  Conquest,  by  C.  H. 
Butcher  (Blackwood),  —  Molly  Melville,  by 
E.  Everett-Green  (Nelson),  —  The  I)ou:ager'» 
Determination,  by  F.  Severne  (Digby  &  Long), 

—  The  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  by  C.  Gore,  D.D. 
(Murray), — Life  after  Death,  by  Bishop  Lars 
Nielson  Dale,  translated  from  the  Norse  by  the- 
Rev.  J.  Beveridge  (Edinburgh,  T.  &  T.  Clark), 

—  God  and  the  Sold,  by  R.  A.  Armstrong 
(Green), — Archbishop  Benson  in  Ireland,  edited 
by  J.  H.  Bernard,  D.D.  (Macmillan),  —  Th» 
Battle  of  the  Bays,  by  O.  Seaman  (Lane), — 
Poems  of  a  Naturalist,  by  M.  S.  C.  Rickards 
(Chiswick  Press),  —  L'Idee  Spiritualiste,  by 
Roisel  (Paris,  Alcan), — L'Hiver  en  Meditation, 
on  les  Passe-temps  de  Clarissc,  by  Saint-Georges 
de  Bouhelier  (Paris,  '  Mercure  de  France'), — 
Die  Syntax  in  den  Werken  Alfreds  des  Grossen, 
by  Dr.  J.  E.  Wiilfing  (Bonn,  Hanstein),  — 
Gotisches  Elementarbuch,  by  Dr.  W.  Streitberg, 
(Heidelberg,  Winter),  —  Pages  Choisies  des 
Auteurs  Contemporains :  E.  et  J.  de  Goncourt 
(Paris,  Colin),  —  and  Le  Mystere  de  la  Rue 
Car  erne- Prenant,  by  A.  Robida  (Paris,  Colin). 


LIST  OP  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Barnes-Lawrence's  (Rev.  A.  B.)  Secrets  of  Sanctity,  a  Series- 
of  Addresses,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 

Brooks's  (Right  Rev.  P.)  The  More  Abundant  Life,  Lenten 
Readings,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Cobbett's  (W.)  History  of  the  Protestant  Reformation,, 
edited  by  P.  A.  Qasquet,  cr.  8vo.  2/  net. 

Humphrey's  (W.)  His  Divine  Majesty,  or  t  lie  Living  God, 
cr.  8vo.  6/6  net. 

Lias's  (J.  J.)  The  Nicene  Creed,  a  Manual  for  Use  of  Can- 
didates for  Holy  Orders,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Luckock's  (H.  M.)  Footprints  of  the  Apostles  as  traced  by 
St.  Luke  in  the  Acts,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  12  cl. 

Law. 
Maude's  (W.  C.)  Property  Law  for  General  Readers,  3/6  cl. 

Fine  Art. 
Brown's  (C.)  The  Horse  in  Art.  and  Nature.  Part  3.  3/(5  bds. 
Cosway,  Richard,  R.A.,  and   his  Wife  and  Pupils,  by  G.  C'. 

Williamson,  royal  8vo.  25/  net- 
May's  (Phil)  A  B  C,  52  Original  Designs,  4to.  6/  net. 

Poetry. 
Goethe's  Faust  (the  So-called   First  Part.  1770  1808)  in  Eng- 
lish, with  Introduction  by  R.  McLlntOck,  Bvo.  10/  mt. 
Gosse's  (K  )  Seventeenth  Century  Studies,  cr.  8VO,  7/6  cl. 

Music. 
Reid's  (A.  and  M.  C.)  Mirth  and  Music,  a  New  Collection  of 
Gallery  and  Action  Songs,  4to.  2/8  el. 

Philosophy. 
Fitzgerald's   (P.  F.)   The   Rational   or    Scientilu-    Ideal    of 

Morality,  royal  Bvo.  7  '8  ol. 
Schopenhauer'*  (A..)  On    Human    Nature.  BsiayS    ill    Ft  hies 

and  Politic*,  Selected  by  I.  It.  Saunders,  er.  Bvo,  3/6  oli 

tiittoty  and  Biography, 
Brown's  (A  )   Mercy  Warren,  er    Bvo.  6    cl.    (Women  of 
Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Times  In  America  ) 


•I I 


T  II  E     A  T  II  E  \  .1!  r  M 


N  3616,  Feb.  13. 


K«  .•r.lliilin  .itlirr     ..I 

Victor  Komi  U1UI         I  M,  I 

Uala.  i  him  .1  .i.-.   i  bketcti  ol    bar  Life,  a    ,  by  a    P.  1. 

Crulkabank,  Bi •■  i  nat. 
Nanaen,  Fridtjof.  Sciential  tad  Bsplorer,  Life  of,  b;J   a. 

Bain,  or.  8vo,  <>/  ol. 

■  ji'tv  "'>•/   I "riivft. 

In  tha  Land  ol  Um  Bora,  or  Oarnp  Life  and  Bporl   In  Dal 

i  and  toe  Hersegovina,  by  Snaffle,  8vo   18  ol. 
Knlght'i  1 1     i  From  the  Soudan,  reprlntad  from 

i in-  •  Ti in.--.'  gvo  -  a  n.  i. 
Lodfa't  (O  T.)  Coloured  Handbook  to  Kindergarten  Q 

grapby,  tto,  I  ol 
Mini. i.ii  n  i.i  »  The  Wllderneaa  and  its  Tenanta, a 

Qeogranhloal  and  oik     I  Svo   19  ol. 

Mann-'*  i  Mi-    '■:  .  from  Conatantinople,  or.  Svo.  6/ 

Nanaen'i  (  Pridtjol  I  Partbeal  North,  the  Voyage  ol  the  Pram, 

by  Dr.  Nanaen  and  Lleat.  JTohanaen,  i'  rou.  8vo.  12  net. 

Philology. 
Hanlinan  (W.  M.)  and   Walpole'a  (Rev.  A.  8.)   Latin   Lxer- 
olaea  for  Lower  Bobool  Purma,  l3mo.  2,  ol. 

Science. 

Adams's  (O.)  Tranaformer  Daalgn,  or.  Svo.  4/cl. 
I. v.  uif»  (W.8.)  Praettoal  Notes  on  Graasoe,  cr.  8vo.  2  ol. 
Paget'a  (O.  B.)  Waated  Beoorda  ol  Dleeaee,  cr.  8vo.  2/dcl. 
Smith's  (J .  H  )  Boonomta  Bntomology  for  the  Farmer  and 

Fruit  Qiower,  cr.  Svo.  13/  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Adams's  (Mrs.  L  )  Colour-Sergi-ant,  No.  1  Company,  6   cl 
Carnarvon's  (Karl  of)  The  Defence  of  (he  Empire,  edited  by 

Lieut.-Col.  Sir  Q.  S.  Clarke,  cr.  Svo.  5/  cl. 
Crane's  (S.)  The  Little  Beglment,  and  other  Bplaodea  of  the 

American  Civil  War,  !2ux>.  3i  cl.     (Pioneer  Series.) 
Dickena'a  (C.)  Works,  Qadahlll  Bdition  i  Oliver  Twist,  6/  cl. 
FotherKill's  (C.)  A  Matter  of  Temperament,  cr.  8vo.  ti/  cl. 
Hooley'e  (K.  T.)  Tarrajjal.  or  Bush  Life  in  Australia,  3/6  cl. 
James's  (H.)  The  Spoils  ol  Poynton,  cr.  bvo.  tj/  cl. 
Jobnstone'a  T.  B.)  The  Land  o'  Cakes  and  Brither  Scots,  6/ 
KtpUng'a  (A.  M.)  A  Pinchbeck  Goddess,  cr.  bvo.  S/6  cl. 
Lear's  (Mrs.  H.  L.  S .;  Joy,  a  Fragment,  cr.  8vo.  2/(5  cl. 
Ley's  (J.  K.)  The  Lawyer's  Secret,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Library  Year- Book,  1*97,  by  T.  Greenwood,  cr.  Hvo.  2'.icl. 
Life  the  Accuser,  by  Author  of  '  A  Superfluous  Woman,'  6/ 
Literary  Year-Book,  1897,  ed.  by  P.  G.  Aflalo,  cr.8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Maude's  (Capt.  F.  N.)  Voluntary  versus  Compulsory  Service, 

an  Essay.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Milman's  (C.)  Through  London  Spectacles,  cr.  8vo.  3  6  cl 
Norris's  (W.  E.)  Clarissa  Furiosa,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Pugh's  (K.)  The  Man  of  Straw,  cr  8vo  6/  cl. 
Read's  (O  )  The  Jucklins,  a  Novel,  cr.  Svo  3/6  cl. 
Schreiner's  (Olive;  Trooper  Peter  Halket  of  Mashonaland,  6/ 
Segon's  (A.)  An  Australian  Duchess,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Twain's  (Mark)  The  Stolen  White  Elephant,  cheaper  ed   3/6 
Warden's  (G.)  The  Wooing  of  a  Fairy,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

FOREIGN, 

Theology. 

Charbonnel  (Abbe  V.) :  Congres  Universel  des  Religions  en 

Gegout  (E.) :  Jesus.  3fr.  50. 

Stockmeyer    (I.)  ■    Exegetische    u.     prakcische    Erkliirung 

ausgewahlter  Qleiclinisse  Jesu.  8m. 

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Bouchot  (H.) :  Les  Ex-Libris  d'Art,  oOfr. 
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12m.  r       ' 

Schneidewin  (M.) :  Die  antike  Humanitiit,  12ra. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Cadol  (E.)  :  Theatre  Inedit,  3fr.  50. 
Lacaussade  (A.)  :  Les  Epaves,  6fr. 

Bibliography. 
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Livres  et  des  Manuscrits  Japonais  de   l'Universite  de 

Leyde,  15m. 

History  and  Biography . 
Benedetti  (Comte):  Essais  Diplomatiques,  7fr.  50 
Haussez  ( Baron  d') :  Memoirea,  Vol.  2,  7fr.  50. 
Monumenta  Gerraania:  Historica :  Scriptorum  Tomi  XXX 

Pars  1,  37m. 
Politische  Correspondenz  Friedrich's  des  Grossen   Part  23 

14m.  '  '  ' 

Ruble  (Baron  A.  de) :  Jeanne  d'Albret  et  la  Guerre  Civile, 

Sauvage  (Lieut.)  :  La  Guerre  Sino- Japonaise.  lOfr 
Souvenirs  d'une  Bleue,  16*8-91,  .'ifr  50. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
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Hirsch     (L.)  :      Reisen     in     Sud-Arabien,    Mahra-Land    u 

Hadramul,  9m. 
Sierra  (Madame  A.) :  Contes  Exotiques,  3fr. 

Philology, 
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Schmewind-Thles  (J.)  :  Beitriige  zur  Keuntnis  d'er  Septal- 
nectanen,  15m.  F 

General  Literature. 
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Aigremont  (P.  d')  :   More  Incoimue   3fr'50 
Annunzio(G.d,)i  Les  Vi.-rges  aux  Kociiers.  .'ifr.  50. 
Aunol(G.):   Le  Chapeau  sur  l'Or.ille   .ifr   50 
Bievre  (G.  M.  de) :  Angette,  8fr  50 
<  li.-iievierc  (A.)  :   L'lndiilgente.  3fr   50 

DUI^eaf  8fr.  60  :    Kl""li  *"*  '"  Vieet  les  (Euvre8  de  Cer- 

c'VrlulivT^1  VoL.10<  *»$>****>  "66-1883,  6m. 
Guirau.i    p  );  LaOonverelon  de  Gaaton  Perney,  8fr.  bo. 
Lazare(B.):  Lea  Porteura  de  Torches  8fr  60 
Lewai  (General)  :La  Chimera  du  Deaarmement,  4fr. 

Ma  lot    Madame  H.l:  L'AmOUr  D.iminateur.  3lr.  60. 
Rodeubach  (O  ):   LeCarillonneur   3fr   50 
Sagaret  (JO ;  Toulllard  Electrlolen.  Sir  50 
Vergntol  (0.) !  L'Bnlleement,  8fr  60 

Xanrof  :  L'LEil  du  Voisiu,  3fr.  60 


i  m.   I  0BOHA1  103   t,i     i  in    i  |!(J|{ 

'1'iik  current  cumber  of  the  B  H 

no  contains  a  valuable  note  by  Mr.  W.  EL 
Stevenson  on  the  important  and  peculiar  charter 
of  the  Conqueror  for  the  London  house  of  St. 
Martin  le  Grand,  of  which  he  had  already  edited 
the  text  wtili  hia  fronted  .skill  and  lean 
Bui  it  is  startling,  I  confess,  to  learn  that  one 
of  the  greatest  events  in  our  history,  the  oorona- 
tion  of  the  Conqueror,  took  place  at  Christmas, 
1067,  and  not,  as  .very  historian  has  believed, 
at  Christinas,  1066.  Mr.  Stevenson,  whose 
authority  on  these  subjects  is  certainly  un- 
surpassed, shows  that  this  remarkable  charter, 
though  dated  10(58,  was  executed  on  Christmas 
Day,  1007,  and  that,  consequently,  "the  wit- 
nesses were  the  spectators  of  William's  corona- 
tion, which  gives  the  charter  its  greatest 
historical  importance."  Among  them  is  Hugh, 
Bishop  of  Lisieux,  who  as  "a  kinsman  of 
William's  "  was  "  not  unlikely  to  be  present  at 
his  coronation,"  while  the  influence  of  the  still 
mysterious  Ingelric  is  proved  by  his  obtaining 
the  execution  of  the  charter  "  at  so  important  a 
ceremony  as  the  king's  coronation  and  a  con- 
firmation of  it  at  the  queen's  coronation " 
(Whitsuntide,  1068).  According,  indeed,  to  Mr. 
Stevenson,  "  Freeman  says  that  the  date  of  the 
charter,  Christmas,  1068,  evidently  means  1067, 
the  date  of  William's  coronation."  But  Mr. 
Freeman  only  speaks  of  the  usual  "Christmas 
Feast  "  of  1067  :  he  assigned  the  coronation, 
like  the  rest  of  the  world,  to  Christmas,  1066. 

When  Mr.  Stevenson  gives  us  the  proofs  for 
a  discovery  the  credit  of  which  is  due  to  himself 
alone,  he  will,  I  hope,  also  deal  with  the  real 
stumbling  -  block  in  this  charter,  Cardinal 
John's  emphatic  words,  "huic  constitution! 
interfui,"  which  he  has  not  yet  done.  It  was 
on  the  ground  of  the  cardinals'  presence  that 
Mr.  Freeman  very  naturally  doubted  its  authen- 
ticity ;  but  it  may,  no  doubt,  be  capable  of  proof, 
by  those  more  learned  in  such  matters  than 
myself,  that  the  above  words  do  not  imply  the 
witness's  presence  at  the  time.  This,  of  course, 
is  quite  independent  of  the  question  of  "  sup- 
plementary confirmations,"  the  existence  of 
which  is  as  familiar  to  me  as  to  all  students,  I 
presume,  of  mediasval  diplomatique. 

J.  H.  Rocnd. 


MELANCHTHON. 

The  fourth  centenary  of  Melanchthon's  birth 
occurs  on  the  16th  inst.  Although  it  is  an 
event  which  will  be  duly  observed  all  over 
Protestant  Germany  and  elsewhere  in  Northern 
Europe,  it  might  easily  pass  without  notice  in 
England,  especially  at  a  moment  when  an  anti- 
scientific  reaction,  in  the  guise  of  a  spurious 
Catholicism,  appears  to  have  gained  a  hold  on 
the  lettered  classes.  At  no  time  has  the  man 
who,  in  a  unique  way,  combined  the  efforts 
of  the  Humanists  with  the  teaching  of  the 
Reformers,  attracted  so  much  attention  as  he 
deserves  at  the  hands  of  Englishmen.  And  yet 
he  possessed  an  aggregate  of  qualities  which 
ought  to  recommend  him  in  this  country  ;  for 
he  was  not  only  a  foe  to  the  tyranny  of  Rome, 
but  also  an  apostle  of  culture  and  a  guardian  of 
public  order.  He  was  imbued  with  that  spirit 
of  compromise  which  has  done  much  to  mould 
our  own  institutions  ;  like  some  of  the  best  of 
our  writers  he  gave  an  ethical  tendency  to  many 
of  his  theological  theories  ;  and  he  was  full  of 
zeal  and  activity  in  the  cause  of  education. 

Melanchthon  was  eminently  the  child  of  his 
time.  He  represented  and  developed  its  move- 
ments rather  than  created  them.  His  early 
training  fell  within  the  years  in  which  Human- 
ism reached  its  height  — the  firsl  fifteen  or 
twenty  years  of  the  sixteenth  century— when 
Erasmus  was  publishing  his  best  writings,  and 
Reucblin  was  battling  with  the  monks.  Under 
the  personal  guidance  of  Reucblin,  who  was  his 
great-uncle,  he  eagerly  learned  all  that  Human- 
ism could  teach  him.  He  entered  the  University 


<.f  Heidelberg  si  the  gge  .-f  t.v-  at  three 

end   six    at    Tttbingen,  and    in 

both  places  be  devoted  all  hi  the 

work  which  the  older  men  bad  begin  I.,   n.  in 

his   youth    he   acquired    a   ^reat   reputation    . 
scholar,   and   at   the-  age   of   twenty-one  he    was 

n  on  Eteuchlin's  recommendation  I 
first  professor  of  Greek  at   Wittenberg.     TI 
he    passed   at   once    under    Luther's    inllui -t. 
placed    all    his    learning    and    eloquence  at  the 
service     of      the      Reformers,      reduced      their 
doctrines    to    a    system,    defended    them     with 
tongue  and   pen,  drew  up  or  inspired  many  of 
their   important    documents,    and   became,    in  a 
word,  the  general  secretary  of  the  movement  in 
which  they  were  engaged. 

But  he  was  never  wholly  or  merely  a  theo- 
logian. From  time  to  time  he  wearied  of 
controversy,  and  lie  wailed  the  fate  which  had 
drawn  him  aside  from  other  pursuits.  He  found 
his  chief  solace  in  lectures  on  classical  authors; 
he  attracted  students,  often  to  the  number  of 
two  thousand,  from  all  parts  of  Europe;  and, 
as  was  still  possible  for  an  industrious  worker 
in  those  days,  he  took  an  active  and  productive 
interest  in  the  entire  range  of  human  know- 
ledge, writing  assiduously  on  history,  philo- 
sophy, and  natural  science  of  every  kind.  Thus 
it  was  that  he  earned  and  received  the  title  of 
tutor  of  his  country,  "  Prseceptor  Germanise." 

In  his  theology  he  made  no  secret  of  the 
fact  that  he  was  dependent  on  Luther,  and 
the  close  friendship  between  the  two  men  was 
a  highly  important  element  in  their  personal 
history.  It  was  a  friendship,  however,  which 
was  not  equal  or  similar  on  both  sides.  It 
admitted  of  much  diversity  of  opinion.  With  a 
profound  belief  in  all  that  Protestantism  had 
won  for  the  world  by  fighting  a  superstitious 
tyranny,  Melanchthon  always  entertained  a 
great  respect  for  tradition,  and  a  strong  sense 
of  order  and  continuity  ;  and  so  he  persisted  in 
hoping  for  a  final  reconciliation  with  the  Rx)man 
Church  long  after  more  ardent  Lutherans  had 
assumed  an  attitude  of  aggressive  hostility. 
He  also  showed  an  increasing  tendency,  as  life 
wore  on,  to  soften  the  rigour  of  Luther's 
views  ;  to  emphasize,  for  instance,  the  ethical 
element  in  the  doctrine  of  grace  and  to  empty 
the  theory  of  predestination  of  much  of  its  mean- 
ing. These  and  other  features  of  his  thought 
aroused  great  suspicion  and  antagonism  in  his 
last  years,  and  so  greatly  was  his  existence 
embittered  that  he  longed  for  death  as  a  release 
from  the  rabies  theoluyorum.  Possibly  he  exer- 
cised a  more  potent  influence  in  the  domain 
of  learning  than  in  that  of  religion.  Whenever, 
as  often  happened,  the  Humanist  cause  was 
attacked  by  the  philistinism  of  the  Reformers, 
Melanchthon  defended  it  with  zeal  and  energy, 
and  in  the  Protestant  universities  and  schools 
his  system  of  teaching  long  remained  in  force. 

T.  B.  S. 


SAMUEL  PEPYSS   WILL. 

It  is  curious  that,  so  far  as  I  know,  Pepys's 
will  has  never  been  printed,  though  some  of  its 
principal  provisions  have  been  mentioned,  and 
directions  respecting  the  library  have  been 
printed  from  the  Harleian  MSS.  The  will  is  of 
great  length,  but  perhaps  Mr.  Wheatley  will  be 
able  to  include  it  in  his  supplementary  volume 
of  the  'Diary.'  Here  I  propose  to  give  an 
abstract  of  the  document  with  some  interesting 
([notations. 

The  will  (Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury, 
!»7  Degg)  is  dated  August  2nd,  1701,  when 
I'epys  is  described  as  in  his  sixty-ninth  year, 
and  of  sound  mind  and  memory.  "  I  do  with 
all  humility  and  thankfulness  and  with  a  satis- 
faction  inexpressible,"  says  Pepys,  resign   the 

soul  to  its  Creator,  "in  sure  reliance for  a 

happy  resurrection  with  the  just  to  an  everlast- 
ing state  of  rest  and  bliss  in  the  world  to  come." 
As  to  such  worldly  goods  as  he  possessed  after 
twenty-four  years'  "public  and  painful  service 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


215 


faithfully  performed  to  the  Crown,"  he  devised 
all  lands,  &c,  in  Brampton,  Hunts,  and  all 
other  real  property,  to  his  nephew  Samuel 
Jackson,  of  Brampton,  eldest  son  of  his  late 
sister  Paulina  Jackson,  for  life,  and  then  to  his 
sons  successively.  In  default  of  such  issue  the 
property  was  to  go  to  his  nephew  John  Jackson, 
of  Westminster,  youngest  son  of  Paulina,  and  to 
his  sons  successively  ;  and  in  default  of  such 
sons  to  his  cousin  Charles  Pepys,  second  son  of 
his  late  uncle  Thomas  Pepys.  An  annuity  of 
15?.  to  his  old  servant  Jane  Penny  was  to  be 
paid  during  her  life  ;  and  500L  legacy  was  left 
to  the  executor. 

There  was  due  to  Pepys  from  the  Crown 
28,007£.  2s.  l|rf.  on  a  balance  of  two  accounts, 
first,  as  Clerk  of  the  Acts  of  the  Navy  and  Secre- 
tary of  the  Admiralty,  and  second,  as  Treasurer 
for  Tangier  to  Charles  II.  and  James  II.  This 
money,  when  paid,  was  to  be  laid  out  in  land 
for  the  benefit  of  his  heirs.  The  residue  of  his 
estate  was  also  to  be  invested  in  land  and  held 
in  trust  for  his  heirs.    Pepys  urged  his  nephews 

"  to  join  with  me  in  not  repining  at  any  disappoint- 
ment they  may  by  the  late  public  providences  of 
Almighty  God  meet  with  in  what  the}'  might  other- 
wise have  reasonably  hoped  for  from  me  at  my 
death,  but  to  receive  with  thankfulness  from  God's 
hands  whatever  it  shall  prove,  remembering  it  to 
be  more  than  what  either  myself  or  they  were  born 
to,  and  therefore  endeavouring  on  their  part  by  nil 
humble  and  honest  industry  to  improve  the  same." 

The  sole  executor  was  "  my  most  approved 
and  most  dear  friend  William  Hewer,"  of 
Clapham.  Pepys  speaks  of  Hewer's  "more 
than  filial  affection  and  tenderness  expressed 
towards  me  through  all  the  occurrences  of  my 
life  for  forty  years  past." 

On  the  12th  of  May,  1703,  Pepys  made  a 
codicil  to  his  will,  owing  to  his  nephew  Samuel 
Jackson  having  disposed  of  himself  in  marriage 
"against  my  positive  advice  and  injunction,  and 
to  his  own  irreparable  prejudice  and  dishonour." 
This  nephew  was  now  to  have  only  an  annuity 
of  40J.  a  year.  At  the  same  time  Pepys  left 
2001.  a  year  to  "  the  most  excellent  lady  "  Mrs. 
Mary  Skynner,  in  memory  of  "her  steady 
friendship  and  assistances  during  the  whole 
course  of  my  life,"  for  thirty-three  years.  The 
use  of  his  library  for  life  was  left  to  John  Jack- 
son, who  was  to  see  to  its  completion  according 
to  a  scheme  in  his  hands  ;  the  library  was  to  be 
kept  entire,  and  bestowed  for  the  benefit  of 
posterity.  The  arrangements  for  its  disposal 
have  been  already  published. 

On  the  following  day  (May  13th,  1703) 
Pepys  executed  a  second  codicil,  bequeathing 
9,000i.  2s.  lid.  of  what  was  owing  to  him. 
Mrs.  Skynner  was  to  have  5,000£. ;  Hewer, 
2,000/.;  and  the  children  of  Charles  Pepys,  now 
deceased,  1,0007.  There  are  also  directions  as 
to  the  residue  of  the  debt,  which,  however,  was 
never  paid.  Pepys  died  a  fortnight  later,  and 
the  will  was  proved  on  the  25th  of  June. 

G.  A.  Aitken. 


THOMAS  STAPLETON'S   COPY   OF  THE  WOKKS 
OF  S1H  THOMAS   MOKE. 

The  loving  care  with  which  Thomas  Staple- 
ton  wrote  his  biography  of  Sir  Thomas  More 
has  been  unanimously  acknowledged.  The  last 
historian  of  Henry's  Chancellor,  Father  Bridgett, 
does  not  hesitate  to  declare  that  "by  far  the 
best  life  of  More  is  that  of  Thomas  Stapleton, 
published  at  Douai  in  1588."  It  is  in  Latin, 
and  was  part  of  the  series  entitled  "  Tres 
Thomse,"  written  by  the  Engli.sh  theologian. 
In  his  preface  Stapleton  gives  an  account  of  his 
sources  of  information.  Many  autograph  letters 
were  lent  to  him  by  Mores  widow,  "propria 
ejus  maim  conscript ;<•,  quae  mihi  omnia  defuncti 
vidua  adhuc  nobiscum  superstes  communicavit. " 
Be  conversed  with  other  exiles  who  had  known 
More  (r.(/.,  the  witty  dramatist  and  jest-maker 

John    Heywood),  "qui hoc  Belgio  aliisque 

orbia    partibua    pro  fide    nobiscum    exularunt." 
Be   leaves  the  impression  that  he  was    indeed 


a  careful  biographer,  and  took  much  trouble  in 
order  to  present  a  fair  account  of  the  late 
"  martyr." 

That  impression  will  be  entirely  borne  out  by 
an  inspection  of  the  copy  of  Sir  Thomas  More's 
works  which  Stapleton  used  while  preparing 
his  biography.  This  copy,  I  recently  ascer- 
tained, after  having  belonged  to  the  English 
Jesuits'  College  at  Liege,  became  at  an  early 
date  the  property  of  the  Royal,  now  the 
National  Library  in  Paris,  where  it  is  pre- 
served at  this  day.  The  volume,  which  has  an 
old  binding  (not,  however,  the  original  one,  as 
many  manuscript  notes  on  the  margin  have 
been  clipped  by  the  binder),  contains  the  first 
edition  of   "The  Workes  of  Sir  Thomas  More, 

Knyght printed  at  London  at  the  costes  and 

charges  of  lohn  Cawod,  Iohn  Waly  and 
Richarde  Tottell,  Anno  1557."  The  title-page 
bears  the  MS.  inscription,  "Thome  Stapletoni 
liber." 

The  book  bears  innumerable  proofs  of  having 
been  read  pen  in  hand  by  its  former  owners  ; 
passage  after  passage  is  underlined  ;  the  con- 
tents of  paragraphs  are  often  summarized  or 
commented  on  in  the  margin.  Not  all  the  notes, 
it  is  true,  are  due  to  Stapleton,  but  many  are 
certainly  in  his  handwriting.  They  show  the 
care  and  attention  with  which  he  read  the 
'  Workes  '  from  a  biographical  point  of  view  ; 
he  marks  especially  facts,  "traits  de  caractere," 
and  evidences  of  the  wit  and  temper  of  his 
hero.  The  letters  printed  at  the  end  of  the 
volume  attracted,  naturally  enough,  much 
attention  from  the  biographer,  and  their 
margins  swarm  with  laudatory  epithets  and 
exclamations:  "charitas — a  goode  minde — 
Humilyte — Integritas  et  Innocentia — Pietas," 
&c,  the  first  note  being  opposite  a  passage 
where  More  says  to  Margaret  Roper  :  "And  I 
thanke  our  Lorde  I  knowe  no  person  liuing  that 
I  woulde  had  one  philippe  for  my  sake." 

Long  before  the  days  of  Father  Bridgett, 
the  "wisdom  and  wit "  of  Thomas  More  were 
the  subject  of  studies.  This  same  copy  of  the 
'  Workes '  contains,  on  a  fly-leaf  at  the  end  of 
the  volume,  a  manuscript  table  of  "  Mery  tales 
to  bee  found  in  Sr  Thomas  Moore,  as  alsoe  other 
notes."  It  is  not  in  the  handwriting  of  Staple- 
ton  and  seems  to  be  of  a  somewhat  more  recent 
date  ;  additions  were  made  to  it  by  successive 
owners.  The  list  refers  the  reader  to  "  Two 
mery  tales,"  to  "  An  argument  for  the  wor- 
shipping of  Images,"  to  the  story  of  "Grime 
the  mustard-maker's  prayer,"  and  to  a  number 
of  "mery  disputations,"  "mery  saings,"  and 
"proper  stories."  Some  of  them  have  found 
place  in  Father  Bridgett's  book  ;  some  have 
not  ;  among  the  former  figures,  e.  g.,  the  story 
of  Grim,  who,  unwilling  to  pray  for  all,  used  to 
offer  prayers  only  for  those  nearest  his  heart — 
Grim,  the  "  musterde  maker  in  Cambridge,  y' 
was  wont  to  pray  for  hymselfe  and  his  wife  and 
hys  childe,  and  grace  to  make  good  musterde 
and  no  more  "  (in  the  '  Debellacyon  of  Salem 
and  Bizance '). 

Reference  is  also  made  in  the  list  to  a  rather 
lengthy  story  which  is  one  of  the  most  curious 
in  the  Chancellor's  works.  It  is  a  story  of  the 
'Wolf  and  Fox';*  it  proves  once  more  the 
wide  and  listing  popularity  of  Reynard  in  Eng- 
land, and  shows  that  Sir  Thomas  was  well 
acquainted  not  only  with  Roman  heroes,  but 
with  this  medheval  one  also.  It  ends,  in  a 
fashion  quite  characteristic  of  More,  by  a  com- 
parison of  the  misdeeds  of  the  wolf  with  those 
of  the  good  woman,  who,  coming  home  after 
confession,  said  to  her  husband  : — 

"  '  Be  merye  manne,  for  thys  day  I  thanke  God 
was  I  wel  shriuen.    And  I  purpose  now  therefore  to 

lemie   of   al    invne  old   shrciidncs,  and  begvn  euen  a 

fresh.1 In  dede  it  Burned  she  spake  it,   half   in 

Bporte,  for  that  she  Bayd    she   wold  cast  a  way  al  her 

old  sbreudoes,  therein  I  trow  she  sported.    But  in 

*  The  author  of  the  Original  liht  had  referred  to  that  talc 
only  hy  the  wool  "Item,"  that  i»,  "a  propre  talc";  a 
later  owner,  Interested  hy  that  particular  story,  added:  '  The 
Wolf  and  Vox.' 


that  she   said    she   wold  begyn    it   al   a    fresh   her 
housband  founde  that  good  ernest. " 

This  was  written  in  the  Tower  to  while  away 
the  time,  not  many  months  before  execution. 

Though  the  list  is  not  in  the  handwriting  of 
Stapleton,  yet  he  also  had  read  the  '  Workes 
with  care  from  the  same  particular  point  of 
view,  noting  in  the  margin  or  underlining 
many  passages  which  contained  examples  of 
the  wit  and  wisdom  of  More.  He  dedicated, 
in  fact,  two  chapters  in  his  biography  of  Sir 
Thomas  to  that  subject,  that  is  chap,  xii., 
"Apophthegma  sapienter  et  pie  dicta  Thonue 
Mori,"  and  chap,  xiii.,  "  Acute  vel  facete 
dicta  vel  responsa."  Many  of  the  sayings  and 
stories  thus  quoted  will  be  considered  good 
stories  even  at  the  present  day  ;  a  few  are  curious 
for  an  exactly  opposite  reason,  as  showing  once 
more  how,  in  the  course  of  time,  the  standard 
of  wit  has  altered.  Some  of  the  witticisms  quoted 
admiringly  by  Stapleton  for  their  sharpness  and 
brilliancy  will  seem  now  remarkably  heavy  and 
laborious.  "  Htereticorum,"  says,  for  example, 
Stapleton,  "  dissentientes  sententias  nihil  aliud 
esse  quam  improborum  omnium  conspirationem 
quandam  qua  toti  orbi  illudatur,  hac  festiua 
comparatione  expressit."  And  here  he  quotes 
in  Latin  the  following  passage  from  the 
'  Workes ': — 

"  As  if  a  man  walking  in  a  wildernesse  that  fain 
would  find  the  right  wai  toward  the  town  that  he 
entended,  should  meet  with  a  mainy  of  leud  mocking 
knaues,  which  when  the  poore  man  hadde  prayed 
them  to  tel  him  the  waye  woulde  gette  them  into  a 
roundell  turnynge  theym  backe  to  backe  and  then 
speake  all  at  ones,  and  eche  of  them  tell  him,  thys 
waye,  eche  of  them  pointinge  foorth  wyth  hys 
hande  the  way  that  his  face  standeth." 

This  struck  Stapleton  as  being  particularly 
"festive"  and  "pretty."  The  margin  of  his 
copy  of  the  '  Workes '  bears  the  note  in  his 
handwriting:  "A  prety  similitude  of  the 
heretikes  dissensyons. "  Such  examples,  how- 
ever, are  not  frequent  ;  with  the  majority  of  his 
judgments  and  appreciations  most  readers  will 
agree.  J.  J.  Jtjrserand. 


'THE  TESTAMENT  OF  LOVE.' 
We  ought  all  to  be  grateful  to  Mr.  Bradley 
for  his  very  interesting  discovery.  There  cannot 
be  the  least  doubt  as  to  the  correctness  of  his 
statements,  notwithstanding  the  complexities 
of  the  original  text  I  have  for  some  time  been 
aware  that  the  name,  as  it  seems  to  stand,  is 
not  T.S.K.  N.V.I,  but  T.  II.  S.K.N.  V.I. ;  so  that 
I  might  have  got  the  true  result  T.  H.  I  N.  V  S  K. 
by  transposition  (and  must  have  had  it  before 
me  several  times),  only  it  never  occurred  to  me 
that  THIN  VSK  really  represented  ttro  words. 
I  had  always  dismissed  such  a  solution  as 
THINVSK,  because  there  is  no  such  name. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  be  allowed  to  announce 
that,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Bradley's  discovery, 
I  have  somewhat  delayed  the  appearance  of  my 
book  entitled  '  Chaucerian  and  other  Pieces,' 
intended  as  a  supplementary  volume  to  my 
edition  of  Chaucer  in  six  volumes.  I  have 
cancelled  two  sheets  of  the  text  of  '  The  Testa- 
ment of  Love '  in  order  to  show  how  the  text 
should  be  rearranged.  The  improvement  in 
the  text  is  considerable  ;  and  our  knowledge  of 
the  author's  name  gives  a  fresh  interest  to  the 
piece.  I  believe,  with  Mr.  Bradley,  thatThynne 
acquired  the  very  copy  which  Usk  sent  to 
Chaucer.  1  wish  he  had  preserved  his  MSS. 
after  printing  them.  Walter  W.  Skeat. 


"THE  BOOKMAKER'S  P.AK." 
8,  Gibson  Place,  St.  Andrews,  Feb.  8,  HW. 
In  a  recent  review  of  a  novel  called  '  Miriam 
Cromwell,  Royalist,'  the  critic  (in  I  forget  what 
journal)  objected  to  the  "  bookmaker's  bar"  in 
the  mouth  of  a  Cavalier  :  thus,  "  All  Puritans 
arc-  rogues  har  Cromwell,"  or  t  he  like.  When 
does  the  phrase  first  occur  1  I  find  it  in  a  letter 
of  the  Chevalier  de  St.  George  ill  171H:  "I 
never  much  admired  Mr.  steel's  prooeedingS)" 


••i»; 


t  ii  E    at  ii  i:\\i;um 


X  3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


i.i'.,  the  peddling  intrigues  of  hangers  on  it  St. 
Germain  a,  "and,  ban  Audrow  |tns  mother],  I 
i\<<  ii..i  desire  to  have  any  more  to  do  with  them." 
The  note  ii  in  Atterbury'i  '  Letters, '  edited  by 
Glover,  p.  81 

Perhaps  I  may  be  permitted  to  add  thai  ainoe 
tho  publication  of  the  aeoond  edition  of  'Piokle 
the  spy'  (reviewed  in  Athenceum,  January  30th) 
I  have  found  Ids  favourite  misspelling  now  for 
tcho  used  several  timet  by  Malcolm  macleod  of 
Bren  in  a  letter  of  1752  ('Lyon  in  Mourning,' 
in.  pp.  123  126).  The  spelling,  therefore,  is  not 

"  unique, "  though  in  MS.  letters  read  by  me  I 
never  observed  it  except  from  the  pen  of  Pickle 
and  Glengarry.  But  "puish"  for  push  is  un- 
likely to  be  found  outside  of  these  two  authors. 

Andrew  Lanc 

***  Bar  occurs  in  'The  Merchant  of  Venice,' 
II.  ii.  208,  and  barring  in  1481-90.  See  the 
'Oxford  English  Dictionary.' 


ILitcrnnj  CHosstp. 

Mkssrs.  Dowhey  &  Co.  announce  the 
publication  of  a  new  and  copyright  edition 
of  Lever's  novels  in  thirty-six  volumes. 
During  his  last  visit  to  England,  Charles 
Lever  intended  to  revise  his  novels  (with  the 
aid  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Neville),  a  task 
which  was  interrupted  by  his  death.  The  text 
throughout  is  now  being  most  carefully 
seen  to.  The  publishers  have  secured  the 
original  plates,  six  hundred  in  number, 
etched  by  "Phiz"  and  George  Cruik- 
shank  for  the  first  edition.  In  addition, 
several  of  the  later  volumes  are  illustrated 
with  wood  engravings  by  Mr.  Luke  Fildes 
and  other  artists,  all  of  which  will  be  in- 
cluded in  this  edition.  A  few  of  the  volumes 
were  originally  published  without  illustra- 
tions, and  for  these  arrangements  have 
been  made  under  which  Mr.  Gordon 
Browne  will  contribute  a  series  of  illustra- 
tions. The  interesting  prefaces  .vritten  by 
Lever  shortly  before  his  death  will  be 
included.  The  printing  of  the  edition 
has  been  entrusted  to  Messrs.  T.  &  A. 
Constable,  of  Edinburgh,  who  have  had 
a  new  bold,  clear  type  specially  cast  for  the 
work. 

It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  the 
father  of  Dr.  Jameson  was  one  of  the  early 
preachers  of  the  heresy  regarding  Shak- 
speare.  On  August  7th,  1852,  in  Chambers's 
Udinburgh  Journal,  he  published  an  anony- 
mous article  entitled  '  Who  wrote  Shak- 
speare ?  '  In  this  he  suggested  that 
Shakspeare  kept  a  poet;  that  when  the 
poet  died  the  plays  ceased  to  appear,  but 
Shakspeare,  as  manager,  retired  rich. 
Farmer  in  1789  had  shown  anti  -  Shak- 
spearean  tendencies,  and  Horaco  Walpole's 
*  Historic  Doubts  '  havo  been  cited  in  sup- 
port of  these.  Hart,  in  'Tho  Eomance 
•of  Yachting,'  1818,  broached  the  subject 
in  a  gossipy  style,  but  Jameson  first  dis- 
cussed it  in  a  formal  essay. 

Mr.  E.  F.  Bexsox  has  a  novel  in  hand, 
itho  scene  of  which  is  laid  in  Greece  during 
tho  struggle  between  the  Greeks  aud  tho 
Turks  seventy  years  ago.  It  will  appear 
serially  in  tho  Graphic,  and  be  illustratod 
by  Mr.  G.  P.  Jacornb  Hood. 

Olive  Si  h reiner's  new  book,  which  Mr. 
Fisher  (Jnwin  will  publish  next  week, 
will  only  make  one  rather  small  volume. 
It  will,  it  is  said,  set  forth  the  writer's 
views  concerning  South  African  politics 
by    a    method    that    is    not    only   daring, 


but  somewhat  startling.  It  will  form  part 
"f  the  "Green  Cloth  Library,''  and  will  bo 
issued  simultaneously  in  the  United  States 
by  Messrs.  Roberta  Brothers.  A  featun 
tho  book  will  bo  a  photogravure  reproduc- 
tion of  a  photograph  of  tin-  irregular  execu- 
tion <>f  native  spies  in  the  recent  war. 
Mr.  [Jnwin  has  also  in  preparation  a  volume 
on  '  Soutli  Africa  as  It  Is,'  by  the  author 
of  '  Mr.  Magnus.' 

Mil  G.  W.  Steevexs,  whoso  book  on  the 
1  'nited  States  wo  reviewed  last  week,  will  pro- 
ceed to  Spain  very  shortly  for  tho  Daily  Mail. 
The  Historical  Manuscripts  Commission 
having  now  presented  its  Fifteenth  Eeport 
to  Parliament,  two  volumes  of  appendices 
will  be  issued  almost  immediately,  contain- 
ing the  reports  of  the  commissioners  upon 
the  manuscript  collections  of  Mr.  J.  Eliot 
Hodgkin,  F.S.A.,  of  Pichmond,  and  Mr. 
Charles  Haliday,  of  Dublin.  One  peculiarity 
about  the  collection  of  Mr.  Hodgkin  is  that, 
unlike  most  private  collections,  it  has  been 
brought  together  by  the  owner  himself,  and 
is  therefore  unusually  select.  It  includes 
papers  of  Pepys,  Ormonde,  Danby,  and 
some  Poyalist  and  Jacobite  specimens, 
together  with  a  number  of  interesting 
papers  relating  to  the  Chevalier  D'Eon. 
The  report  on  this  collection  has  been  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  J.  Cordy  Jeaffreson. 

The  second  collection  above  referred  to 
really  comprises,  for  the  purpose  of  the 
present  report,  a  single  volume  of  the 
original  '  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council  in  Ire- 
land,' which,  after  having  been  completely 
lost  for  200  years,  was  discovered  and  pur- 
chased by  the  late  Mr.  Charles  Haliday,  and 
presented  by  him  to  the  Poyal  Irish  Aca- 
demy. The  period  covered  by  this  volume 
of  Acts  is  that  for  the  years  1556  to  1571. 
It  also  contains  some  curious  remains  of  Sir 
William  Usher.  It  is  edited  for  the  Com- 
mission by  Sir  J.  T.  Gilbert. 

The  Honourable  Society  of  Cymmrodorion 
will  shortly  publish  a  new  edition  of  Nen- 
nius's  '  Historia  Britonum,'  based  on  a 
British  Museum  manuscript  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  the  oldest  extant  complete  copy 
of  the  work.  The  text  will  be  annotated 
by  Mr.  Alfred  Nutt,  who  will  also  write  an 
introduction,  while  an  English  translation 
will  be  contributed  by  Mr.  Henry  Owen. 

The  exhaustive  Calendar  of  the  Laing 
Charters  left  to  Edinburgh  University, 
and  noticed  in  the  Athenaeum  some  months 
ago,  has  now  been  sent  to  press.  The  col- 
lection numbers  about  3,300,  mainly  Scottish, 
and  will  be  published  in  abridged  transla- 
tions with  full  indexes  of  personal  and  place 
names.  In  revising  the  manuscript  for  the 
press  large  and  important  additions  havo 
been  made,  and  tho  volume  will  now  be 
one  of  about  800  pages  supor-royal  8vo. 
Tho  price  to  subscribers  after  the  1st  of 
March  will  be  considerably  raised,  and  the 
edition  will  bo  a  limited  one. 

The  attempt  to  acclimatize  the  feuillcton 
to  English  daily  newspapers  does  not  seem 
to  make  much  headway.  The  Daily  Chronicle, 
when  it  inaugurated  its  new  literary  de- 
parture a  few  years  ago,  made,  we  think,  the 
iirst  serious  attempt  in  this  direction ;  it  was 
followed  by  the  Star,  with  a  serial  by  Mr. 
Zangwill.  Tho  fact  that  these  two  papers 
did  not  continue  tho  experiment  may  be 
taken  as  a  proof  of  its  failure.     Quite  lately 


there    ha  a    revived     effort  —  tho 

/  printing  Angus  B.  Beaoh'i 

'Olement  Lorimer'  in  instalments,  while 
the  <s'"«  is  now  running  a  serial  by  Helen 
Mathers  as  its  /*  For  some  months 

past  the  Daily  Mail  has  been  publishing 
short  serial  stories.     What  is  a  i  in 

a    French  paper  is  distinctly  a  luxury  on 

this  side  of  the  water;  but  we  apprehend 
that  tho  real  difficulty  in  England  is  more 
a  matter  of  pounds,  shillings,  and  pence. 
The  English  author,  with  his  shilling  per 
word  expectations,  would  scorn  the  modest 
payments  which  the  average  French  novelist 
receives  for  his  feuilletoni. 

The  deaths  are  announced  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Walter  Gregor,  Secretary  to  the  Scottish 
Text  Society,  and  of  the  Rev.  F.  Jacox. 
Mr.  Gregor,  who  was  for  several  years 
parish  minister  of  Pitsligo,  in  Aberdeen- 
shire, published  a  monograph  on  the  dialect 
of  Banffshire,  and  was  engaged  at  the  time 
of  his  decease  on  a  work  on  the  folk-lore  of 
Galloway.  Mr.  Jacox,  who  had  long  retired 
from  parochial  work,  was  the  author  of 
'  Secular  Annotations  on  Scripture  Texts,' 
'  Aspects  of  Authorship,'  '  At  Nightfall  and 
Midnight,'  and  '  Shakespeare's  Diversions,' 
and  was  noted  for  his  liberal  gifts  to  the 
Printers'  Pension  Corporation  and  other 
charities. 

'Mr.  Blake  of  Newmarket,'  the  racing 
novel  which  has  been  appearing  in  the  pages 
of  the  Daily  Jlail,  is  to  be  issued  early 
next  month  by  Mr.  Heinemann.  The  author, 
Mr.  E.  H.  Cooper,  is  already  at  work 
on  a  new  story,  the  scene  of  which  is  laid 
almost  entirely  in  Paris. 

FiRTn  College,  Sheffield,  is  to  be  incor- 
porated by  royal  charter  this  year,  and  it  is 
proposed  to  commemorate  the  visit  of  the 
Queen  in  May  and  the  "  Diamond  Jubilee" 
of  Her  Majesty  by  increasing  the  endow- 
ment of  the  College  and  affiliating  it  with 
the  Victoria  University. 

Mn.  Martix  MacDermott  has  prepared 
for  publication  a  new  edition  of  Moore's 
'  Memoirs  of  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald.' 
Mr.  MacDermott  has  added  to  the  memoirs 
many  particulars  concerning  Lord  Edward's 
career  which  were  not  available  when  the 
work  was  originally  published. 

The  Selden  Society  is  going  to  issue 
Vol.  X.  of  its  publications,  '  Select  Cases  in 
Chancery,  a.d.  1301-1471,'  edited  by  Mr. 
W.  Paley  Baildon,  who  writes  an  introduc- 
tion on  the  growth,  early  history,  and  pro- 
cedure of  the  Court  of  Chancery.  This 
volume  represents  the  publication  for  the 
year  189G.  Volume  XL,  for  1897,  a  second 
volume  of  '  Select  Pleas  in  the  Court  of 
Admiralty,'  edited  by  Mr.  R.  G.  Marsden, 
is  expected  to  follow  shortly. 

Maxwell  Gray  writes  : — 

"  When  Christina  Rossetti  died,  more  than 
two  years  ago,  there  was  a  chorus  of  apprecia- 
tion of  her  work  from  the  press.  Not  only 
great,  but  the  greatest  woman  poet  of  the  age, 
she  was  called.  It  may  not  be  generally  known 
that  a  memorial  has  long  been  planned,  in  the 
shape  of  a  reredos  in  Christchurch,  Woburn 
Square,  the  church  she  regularly  attended. 
Sir  Edward  Burne-Jones  has  kindly  consented 
to  design  a  series  of  paintings  for  this  when  the 
necessary  funds  for  its  erection  in  the  church 
are  found,  viz.  150/.  Of  this  I  believe  only 
about  701.  or  80L  has  been  subscribed.  In 
the    printed    list    I  have    before    me    I    find 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


217 


only  eight  names  known  in  literature, 
including  that  of  Mr.  Swinburne.  Of 
the  thousands  who  delight  in  Christina  Ros- 
6etti's  poems,  both  in  England  and  America, 
there  must  at  least  be  hundreds  who  would  be 
glad  to  contribute  some  small  sum  to  this 
modest  and  beautiful  memorial  of  one  of  the 
greatest  poets  and  writers  of  the  age  ;  while  her 
brothers  and  sisters  in  letters,  poor  though  the 
majority  must  be,  should  feel  it  a  stigma  upon 
them  that  the  work  is  still  waiting  for  want 
of  so  pitiful  a  sum.  I  therefore  beg  of  your 
courtesy  space  for  this  letter  calling  attention 
to  the  proposed  memorial.  It  has  the  sanction 
of  Mr.  Rossetti,  whose  subscription  heads  the 
list.  Donations  may  be  sent  to  the  '  Rossetti 
Memorial  Account '  in  the  Bank  of  England, 
or  to  Mr.  W.  M.  Rossetti,  3,  St.  Edmund's 
Terrace,  N.W.;  Mr.  R.  W.  Dibdin,  17,  Russell 
Square,  W.C. ;  Mr.  G.  A.  A.  Nelson,  11,  Colville 
Houses,  W. ;  or  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Glendinning 
Nash,  92,  Gower  Street,  W.C." 

In  Archdeacon  Perry  has  passed  away 
a  clergyman  of  an  old-fashioned  type,  mode- 
rate, well  read,  shrewd,  and  sensible,  if 
somewhat  limited  in  his  outlook.  His  main 
labours  were  devoted  to  the  annals  of  the 
Anglican  Church.  Between  1861  and  1864 
he  published  his  '  History  of  the  Church  of 
England  from  the  Death  of  Elizabeth  to  the 
Present  Time.'  Fourteen  years  later  he 
brought  out  an  abridgment  of  this  work, 
stopping  with  the  suppression  of  Con- 
vocation in  the  reign  of  George  I.  He  also 
published  in  the  same  year  a  '  Manual  of 
the  History  of  the  Christian  Church  during 
the  First  Ten  Centuries'  in  Mr.  Murray's 
series.  Besides  doing  some  editing  for  the 
Early  English  Text  Society,  he  published  a 
biography  of  St.  Hugh  of  Avalon  in  1879. 
In  the  present  state  of  the  diocese  of  Lincoln 
the  loss  of  so  learned  an  ecclesiastic  is  almost 
irreparable. 

An  English  translation  and  revision  of 
Prof.  Sophus  Bugge's  work  on  '  The  Home 
of  the  Eddie  Poems,  with  Especial  Reference 
to  the  Helgi  Lays,'  is  now  being  prepared, 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  author, 
by  Dr.  William  Henry  Schofield,  Travelling 
Fellow  of  Harvard  University,  for  the  time 
being  resident  in  Christiania.  This  transla- 
tion, which  will  be  the  only  one  issued  in 
any  foreign  tongue,  will  be  published  in  the 
course  of  a  few  months  by  Mr.  David  Nutt. 

Mr.  Pellatt  writes  to  us  to  complain  that 
in  noticing  his  tale  '  The  Witch-Finder  '  we 
have  called  a  document  he  has  introduced 
an  "  imaginary  document."  He  says  his 
document  is  derived  from  '  The  Parish 
History  of  Swyncombe.'  We  have  not  the 
history  before  us  ;  but  our  point  was  not 
that  the  terms  of  the  document  were  such 
as  could  not  have  been  used  at  any  period 
of  English,  but  that  at  the  date  to  which  in 
the  story  it  is  made  to  refer — viz.,  about  the 
later  years  of  Elizabeth— it  would  have  been 
somewhat  difficult  to  find  "a  close  house 
of  nuns"  in  England.  Mr.  Pellatt  thinks 
that  because  he  took  this  period  for  his 
special  subject,  and  got  a  First  Class,  he 
cannot  have  made  mistakes  in  his  story. 
Unluckily,  we  lighted  on  a  good  many  more 
historical  inaccuracies  than  those  wo  noted. 
As  for  these,  can  he  quote  a  case  of  an 
Englishman  bearing  two  Christian  names, 
and  oik!  of  them  a  family  namo,  in  the  first 
half  of  the  seventeenth  century? 

Tiik  first  noteworthy  book  sale  at  Messrs. 
Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Ilodgo's  will  occupy 


five   days,  beginning  with    the    22nd   inst. 
One  of  the  anonymous  properties  comprises 
an  unusually  long  series  of  the  first  editions 
of  American  authors.     Other  properties  in- 
clude   a     copy    of      Thackeray's    '  Second 
Funeral     of     Napoleon,'      1841,     in     the 
original    illustrated    wrapper ;    a    copy    of 
Burns's     'Poems,'    Kilmarnock,     1786,    in 
red  morocco ;    a  fine  copy  of   '  Bartolomeo 
de   Li   Sonnetti,'  printed   at  Venice   about 
1480  (with  forty-nine  woodcut  maps),  and 
described  by  Dibdin  as  one  of  the  rarest 
volumes  of  early  Italian  poetry  ;  a  broadside 
with  a  poem  of  twelve  stanzas  by  Hayley, 
and  two  coloured  engravings  by  W.  Blake, 
the  subject  being  '  Little  Tom  the  Sailor '; 
some     interesting     and      uncommon     first 
editions     of     Bunyan     and     Dryden ;     an 
exceedingly  interesting    Stevensonian  item 
in     the     shape     of      the    Australian    Star 
of      May      24th,       1890,     containing      the 
first    issue    of     the     novelist's    celebrated 
defence  of  Father  Damien ;  a  copy  of  the 
excessively  rare  Froissart  printed  at  Paris 
for  A.  Verard,  circa  1495  ;  and  the  first  five 
editions    of   Walton's    '  Angler,'    uniformly 
bound   in  dark    green  morocco  extra  ;  the 
first  and  the  most  valuable  edition  of  this  set 
has  unfortunately  been  much  "  shaved  "  by 
some  ignorant  binder. 

The  decease  is  announced  of  the  Rev. 
S.  H.  Reynolds,  for  many  years  rector  of 
East  Ham,  and  long  an  active  contributor 
to  the  Times.  He  had  previously  been  a 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Brasenose,  and  had  a 
reputation  at  Oxford  as  a  conversationalist. 
His  talk  was  somewhat  bitter  and  cynical, 
but  showed  him  to  be  a  man  of  more  than 
average  powers.  He  edited  for  Rivington's 
"  Catena  Classicorum  "  the  first  twelve  books 
of  the  Iliad,  and  he  defended  the  per- 
functory character  of  his  notes  by  saying 
they  were  as  good  as  the  publisher  de- 
served to  get  at  the  price  he  paid  for  them. 
Mr.  Reynolds  was  seen  to  much  greater 
advantage  in  his  learned  commentaries  on 
Bacon's  '  Essays  '  and  Selden's  <  Table  Talk.' 
The  latter  he  published  after  his  retirement 
from  East  Ham.  In  them  his  singular 
knowledge  of  out-of-the-way  literature  was 
conspicuously  evident. 

L\  commemoration  of  the  birthday  of  the 
late  J.  R.  Lowell,  a  meeting  will  be  held  in 
Berlin  of  American  students  on  the  evening 
of  next  Friday.  Prof.  J.  T.  Hatfield  will 
deliver  an  "  oration." 

Tiie  Vienna  Academy  of  Sciences  has 
commissioned  Prof.  Hitzig,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Zurich,  to  compile  a  special  '  Darstel- 
lung  des  attisches  Civilprozesses.'  By  his 
earlier  work,  '  Das  altgriechische  Pfand- 
rocht,'  Dr.  Hitzig  proved  himself  equally 
expert  in  the  studies  needed  for  this  field 
of  research. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  the  Report  of  a  Departmental  Com- 
mittee upon  the  Laws  relating  to  Dogs  {2d,), 
and  a  Return  of  the  Charities  in  another 
West  Riding  Parish  (.V.). 

SCIENCE 


Pioneer  Work  in  the  Alps  of  Xe>r  Zealand.  By 

Arthur  P.  Harper,  13. A.   (Fisher  Unwin.) 

There  are  certain  regions  of    the    earth's 

surfaco,  not  always  the  most  remote,  which 


preserve  in  a  peculiar  degree  the  charm  and 
mystery  of   the  Beyond.     Such  were  once 
the  valleys  of  California  and  the  canons  of 
Colorado  ;   such  are  still  the  highlands  east 
of  the  Jordan,  the  mountains  of  Morocco, 
and  the  western  slope  of  the  New  Zealand 
Alps.      In  the  country  last  named  the  in- 
genious author   of    '  Erewhon '    found   not 
so  many  years  ago    a  fitting  site   for   his 
Utopia.     The  mountain  climbers  Mr.  Green 
and  Mr.  Mannering,  even  the  geologist  Von 
Haast,  to  whom  are  due  some  of  our  best 
descriptions  of    the  New   Zealand    ranges, 
devoted  most,  if  not  all,  of  their  attention 
to   the    eastern    glaciers.     Mr.    Fitzgerald, 
it  is    true,  varied  his    recent  story  of   his 
scrambles  by  an  account  of  a  double  cross- 
ing of  the  Tasman  group ;  but  he  afforded 
a  glimpse  and  no  more  of  what  lies  between 
its  snowfields    and   the  western   sea.     The 
golddiggers  who  push  along  the  seabeaches 
bring  back  no  trustworthy  information  as 
to  the  upland  glens.      Their  recesses  have 
never  been  inhabited  by  the  native  tribes, 
and  the  only  record  of  glacier  exploration  by 
Maoris  is  a  legend  that  some  twenty  years 
ago  a  party  of  them  punted  a  "  dug-out " 
canoe  into  the  ice  cave  of  the  Franz  Josef 
Glacier  in  the  belief  that  through  its  "  dusky 
doors "   they  might  penetrate   beyond    the 
silver    heights  to   the  land   of    gold  which 
supplied  the    particles    sought  out  by  the 
white  men.     "  The  younger  generation  of 
golddiggers,"  Mr.  Harper  tells  us,   "  have 
a    strong  dislike — I  may  say  fear — of  the 
hard  work  and  life  entailed  by  journeys  into 
the  Ranges."      Such  is  the  benighted  con- 
dition   of    the    population    of  "  Gillespie's 
Beach,"  the  centre  of  Southern  Westland, 
that  they  mistook  iceaxes  for  eel-spears. 

During  the  years  1893-5  the  New 
Zealand  Government,  which  had  already 
mapped  the  great  glaciers  of  Mount  Cook, 
undertook  the  thorough  exploration  of  the 
western  glens  and  ridges,  and  the  results  of 
the  surveyors'  labours  are  duly  recorded  in 
its  Survey  Reports.  But  these  records  are 
necessarily  disconnected  in  form,  and  access- 
ible in  this  country  only  to  diligent  students 
in  public  libraries.  It  is  not  the  least  of 
the  results  of  Mr.  Fitzgerald's  journey  that 
it  has  helped  to  instigate  one  of  the  sur- 
veyors employed,  Mr.  A.  P.  Harper,  to 
do  justice  to  his  own  and  his  comrades' 
share  in  New  Zealand  exploration  by  put- 
ting together  in  a  book  some  of  their  ad- 
ventures and  experiences.  Mr.  Harper's 
volume  fills  a  notable  gap  in  the  literature 
of  the  colony. 

In  order  to  realize  the  field  and  extent 
of  the  journeys  here  recorded,  it  may  be  well 
to  establish  definitely  certain  preliminary 
points  as  to  the  New  Zealand  Alps. 
Colonists  and  climbers  have  used  the  term 
Southern  Alps  with  very  various  mannings. 
There  seem  to  be  only  two  which  havo  much 
claim  to  general  acceptance,  and  it  would 
appear  most  natural  and  convenient  to 
include  under  the  title  all  the  glacier-clad 
ranges  south  of  the  conspicuous  gap  of 
Harper's  Pass — that  is,  not  only  the  central 
crest  or  unbroken  lino  of  snow  and  ice,  one 
hundred  miles  long,  from  near  Haast'sPass 
to  Whitcombe's  Pass,  but  also  its  two 
wings,  dominated  by  Mount  Axrowsmith 
and  Mount  Karnslaw,  where  the  peaks  are 
clustered  in  companies  rather  than  drawn 
up  in  columns.    By  the  grassy  gaps  through 


218 


T  II  E     ATIIEN^UM 


X  8016,  Pi  b.  18,  '97 


these  wings  t } i * ■  (intial  crest  sometimes 
called  tin'  "Southern  Alps  proper"-  has 
1  > «ii ^r  ninct>  \iwn  turned,  tuit  its  hundred' 
mile  barrier  remained  antravorsod  no  lur- 
veyoreyen  hadorossed  thesnowa  to  tin-  sea) 
until  1892.  The  glacier  pass  then  opened 
over  the  Grodley  Glacier  waa  not  the  practic- 
able hone-track  from  the  Hermitage  to  tlio 
west  ooast  which  the  colony  had  been  long 
wanting    and    seeking.    Quadrupeds    had 

still  to  cross  by  the  coach-road  to  the  north, 
and  take  tlio  chanco  of  a  coast  track,  the 
service  on  which  is  liable  to  bo  interrupted 
'•  two  times  in  livo  "  by  doods  or  storms. 

To  discover  this  comparatively  easy  and 
direct  pass  was  one  of  the  main  objects  of 
the  surveyors'  labour,  and  the  search  for 
it  led  them  into  all  the  glens  of  Southern 
Westlaud.  How  the  pass  was  found  and 
crossed  by  Mr.  Fitzgerald,  just  as  Mr. 
Harper  had  realized  the  right  place  in  which 
to  look  for  it,  readers  may  find  told  in  their 
respective  pages.  It  is  a  pity  that  any  heat 
should  have  arisen  out  of  this  chance  col- 
lision between  men  who  have  both,  on  dif- 
ferent lines,  done  good  work.  Mr.  Harper 
writes  under  the  impression  that  too  much 
has  been  made  in  this  country  of  the  young 
climber's  work  as  an  explorer,  and  that  his 
indebtedness  in  the  matter  of  maps  to  his 
colonial  predecessors  has  been  inadequately 
recorded.  What  foundation  there  may  be 
for  this  feeling  there  is  no  need  to  inquire 
here.  It  is  more  to  the  purpose  to  recom- 
mend to  the  consideration  of  the  rivals  some 
sentences  in  which  Mr.  Ruskin,  d  propos  of 
a  once  famous  Alpine  controversy,  de- 
nounced with  even  more  than  his  cus- 
tomary eloquence  those  who  "  find  Apo- 
theosis in  the  accident  of  a  Discovery." 

There  was  the  less  need  for  Mr.  Harper 
to  force  this  personal  matter  into  the  fore- 
ground, since  his  narrative  is  in  itself  an 
ample  vindication  of  his  coinradts'  and  his 
own  work  as  pioneers.  The  sojourner 
whom  duty  compels  to  spend  successive 
summers  in  the  mountains  has  many 
advantages  over  the  passing  traveller  or 
climber.  He  learns  to  know  nature  by 
living  with  her,  and  finds  it  less  difficult  to 
mingle  in  due  proportion  description  with  per- 
sonal adventure.  Mr.  Harper  apologizes,  not 
without  some  reason,  for  the  roughness  of 
his  style.  He  makes  no  pretence  to  literary 
graces,  and  he  is  not  afraid  to  mix  camp 
jokes  and  slang  with  the  stock  quotations 
natural  to  an  Oxonian.  But  these  blemishes 
will  hardly  discourage  the  serious  reader, 
who  will  find  his  curiosity  in  great  part 
satisfied.  Mr.  Harper  has  made  good  use 
of  his  opportunities.  He  possesses  the  in- 
telligence and  eyes  of  a  natural  observor. 
Whether  it  is  the  geological  structure  of 
the  ridges,  or  the  characteristics  of  the 
glaciers  and  forests,  or  the  habits  of  the 
quaint  wingless  birds  who  are  the  explorer's 
most  intimate  camp  companions  until  thoy 
serve  as  his  dinner,  the  author  is  in- 
terested in  his  subject,  and  conveys  his 
interest  to  his  readers.  And  of  adventures 
he  has  plenty  to  tell,  none  the  less  thrilling 
for  not  being  above  the  snow  level.  For  a 
description — too  long  to  quote — of  travel 
in  a  virgin  valley,  readers  should  turn  to 
the  account  of  the  exploration  of  the  Cook 
river  (chap.  ix.).  The  concluding  sentence 
is  significant  :  "  We  were  four  days  travers- 
ing four  miles  and  a  half  in  the  narrowest 


part    of    the    valley,    climbing,    arawling, 
Bliding,  si  rambling,  and  track-cutting  m 
of  the  time." 
The  contrast  between  the  two  ilopi 

the  NeH  /aland  Alps  is  described  as  sin- 
gularly complete.  <>n  the  east  glaciers 
rivalling  the  largest  in  the  Alps  roll  their 
slow    level    doods    for   miles    along   troughs 

parallel  with  the  chain  and  under  crags  of 

prodigious  height  and  steepness,  that  are 
constantly  breaking  away  into  fragments, 
which  the  ico  carries  with  it  to  deposit  on 
the  broad,  treeless  expanse  of  the  Mackenzie 
Plains.  To  the  west  tho  overflow  of  brim- 
ming bowls  of  nrvi-  pours  down  in  continu- 
ous icefalls  or  tumbles  over  precipices  until 
it  almost  meets  the  waves  of  the  Pacific.  The 
Fox  and  Franz  Josef  glaciers  terminate  only 
700  to  900  feet  above  the  sea  level.  The 
torrents  from  the  lesser  ice  streams  flow 
through  valleys  which  are  an  alternation 
of  flats  and  gorges,  and  are  everywhere 
clad  in  dense  scrub  and  forest.  The  explorer 
finds  in  the  tangled  vegetation  his  greatest 
difficulty  ;  to  the  tourists  who  will  succeed 
him  the  varied  foliage,  the  tree-ferns,  the 
rich  undergrowth,  which  provide  a  semi- 
tropical  foreground  for  the  Arctic  heights 
of  the  central  range,  will  prove  one  of  the 
great  attractions  of  this  Switzerland  of 
the  South. 

Now  that  a  practicable  pass  has  been 
found  over  the  Mount  Cook  range  the  central 
district  is  likely  to  be  speedily  developed. 
The  distances  are  short ;  the  hardships  and 
difficulties  of  the  first  explorers  have  been 
mainly  due  to  incomplete  outfit,  insufficient 
transport,  and  the  absence  of  paths  and 
blazed  tracks.  The  Government  has  sent 
its  surveyors  into  the  wilderness  to  fare  as 
best  they  could  without  provisions  or  porters. 
The  Messrs.  Cook  will  look  after  their  suc- 
cessors better.  A  comparatively  modest 
sum  would  throw  open  the  chief  glaciers  to 
the  visitors  for  whom  nature  has  provided 
not  only  attractions,  but  luxuries.  Close  to 
the  Franz  Josef  Glacier  are  hot  springs  : — 

"  It  was  a  new  and  pleasing  sensation  to  lie 
in  a  hot  spring  under  the  shade  of  tree-ferns  and 
enjoy  the  glorious  view  of  a  glacier  within  a 
mile  and  a  half,  ploughing  its  way  down  between 
steep  hills  clothed  in  luxuriant  forest  and  backed 

by  high  snow  and  iceclad  peaks If  the   bath 

proves  uncomfortably  hot  it  is  easy  to  let  in  a 
little  icewater  from  the  river  a  yard  or  two  away, 
or  even  catch  a  piece  of  floating  ice  and  place  it 
in  the  pond." 

Mr.  Harper  has  something  to  urge  against 
the  claim  of  Aorangi  to  be  considered  as 
the  native  name  of  Mount  Cook.  What  he 
says  amounts,  we  think,  to  no  more  than 
this,  that  the  Maoris  gave  the  name  to  a 
range  rather  than  to  any  particular  peak. 
It  is  curious  how  slow,  with  the  example  of 
the  Monts  Maudits  and  Monte  Rosa  before 
their  eyes,  surveyors  are  to  admit  that  this 
is  tho  rule  with  primitive  people  in  all  parts 
of  the  world.  It  is  a  late  refinement  of 
civilization  to  ascertain  the  culminating 
summit  and  distinguish  it  from  its  neigh- 
bours. Tho  glaciers,  Mr.  Harper  says,  are 
not  receding,  as  a  whole,  "to  any  appre- 
ciable extent."  In  somo  of  the  larger  ones, 
however,  some  retreat  has  been  observed  in 
the  last  twenty  years.  "  There  is  greater 
activity,"  he  adds, 

"in  the  Southern  Alps  than  in  the  European, 
and   therefore  the  effects  of  ice  and   snow  are 


mors    marked    and    more    easily  1.      The 

avalancln  i  an-  mor<   foeqaenl     falling  night  sad 
day—  than  in  I  the  glaciers  de  cend  I 

lower  level,  and  the  country  is  more  shatter' 

Climbers  who   in  other  ranges   have  hail 

their  ears  filled   with  the  incessant  roar  of 

iTalanohes,  the  hissing  of  snow-slides, 

and  the  ominous  hum  of  the  stones  that  pass, 
inseen,  can  appreciate  the  sense 
of  security  there  is  in  a  return  to  the  silence 
of  the  Alps. 

We  must  condole  with  Mr.  Harper  on 
the  treatment  of  his  illustrations.  The  sub- 
jects are  in  many  cases  fascinating — the 
ution  is  throughout  slovenly.  The  pro- 
employed  is  had,  and  its  results  are 
uniformly  disagreeable,  inartistic,  and  blurred 
in  detail.  The  map,  on  the  contrary,  is 
excellent,  and  shows  how  much  work  on  the 
west  side  of  the  chain  has  been  carried  out, 
in  the  teeth  of  great  obstacles  and  needless 
hardships,  in  a  comparatively  short  space 
of  time,  by  the  energy  and  devotion  of  two 
men,  Mr.  Douglas  and  the  author.  <  )f  his 
comrade  Mr.  Harper  writes  as  "a  great 
explorer,"  and  he  adds  :  — 

"Had  I  time  to  look  over  his  diaries  and 
reports  I  could,  with  help,  produce  a  very 
thorough  and  valuable  record  of  this  southern 
country  ;  but  I  am  not  a  man  of  leisure,  and  the 
diaries  are  in  the  safe  of  a  Government  depart- 
ment." 

The  New  Zealand  Government  might  do 
well  to  instruct  Mr.  Harper  to  carry  out 
this  suggestion.  Such  a  step  would  be 
entirely  in  accord  with  the  liberal  attitude 
towards  any  steps  for  the  encouragement 
of  visitors  to  the  Southern  Alps  taken  up 
by  the  colonial  authorities. 


SOCIETIES. 


ROYAL.—  Frb.  4.— The  President  in  the  chair. — 
The  President  stated  that  a  paper  had  been  received 
from  Dr.  A.  Willey.  Balfour  Student,  to  the  effect 
that  he  had  discovered  the  ova  of  Nautilus.— The 
following  papers  were  read  :  'On  the  Condition  in 
which  Fats  are  absorbed  from  the  Intestine,'  by 
M  essrs.  P>.  M  oore  and  D.  P.  Kockwood,— '  The  Gaseous 
Constituents  of  certain  Mineral  Substances  and 
Natural  Waters.'  by  Prof.  W.  Ramsay  and  Mr.  K.W. 
T ravers.— '  Some  Experiments  on  Helium,' by  Mr. 
M.  Travels,  —  ■  On  the  Gases  enclosed  in  Crystalline 
Rocks  and  Minerals,'  by  Prof.  Tilden, — and  'On 
Lunar  Periodicities  in  Earthquake  Frequency,'  by 
Prof.  Kuott. 

Society  of  Antiquaries.— Frb.  4.— Sir  H.  H. 
Howoith,  MP,  V.P..  in  the  chair— Mr.  James 
Harrison  exhibited  and  presented  a  photograph  of  a 
stone  shaft  surmounted  by  a  small  bowl,  evideutly 
a  mediaeval  holy-water  stock,  lately  rescued  by  him 
from  the  churchyard  and  placed  in  the  vestry  of 
St.  Andrew's  Church,  Charmouth.  — Canon  Church 
exhibited  a  remarkable  thirteenth  century  wooden 
pix  canopy  or  cover  from  Wells  Cathedral  Church, 
upon  which  Mr.  W.  H.  St.  John  Hope  read  some 
descriptive  remarks.  The  canopy  is  in  form  of  a 
cylindrical  lantern  of  open  tracery  work,  and  is 
about  four  feet  in  height  Though  much  "  restored,*1 
it  retains  considerable  traces  of  its  original  decora- 
tion, the  body  having  been  painted  red  with  gold 
Bowers,  and  the  angle  shafts  blue.  The  top  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  bold  cresting  of  leafwork.  onoe 
painted  white  and  red,  and  retains  the  curiously 
arranged  ironwork  by  which  the  whole  was  sus- 
led,  with  a  swivel  hook  from  whiob  the  pix  de- 
pended.- Mr.  c.  Lynam  exhibited  a  cast  of.and  com- 
municated  a  note  on,  a  fragment  of  a  pre-Norman 
cross-shaft  lately  discovered  at  Leek,  Staffordshire. — 
Prof.  T.  M'K.  Hughes  read  a  paper  ou  the  deriva- 
tion of  the  four  characteristic  implements  of  the 
South  Pacific,  namely,  the  battle-axe,  the  throwiog- 
stick.  the  boomerang,  and  the  patoo-patoo,  from  the 
bones  of  Cetaet  a.  He  exhibited  a  selection  of  bone 
objects  illustrating  the  view  that  among  all  races 
and  at  all  times  the  bones  of  animals  were  employed 
as  instruments  of  every-day  use  — sometimes  just  as 
tli  \  were  picked  up.  sometimes  modified  by  cutting 
or  grinding.  Many  of  the  forms  suggested  by  the 
bone  would  be  produced  in  other  uiateii;ii  when  the 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENHUM 


219 


supply  of  bone  was  not  equal  to  the  demand.     He 

pointed  out  that  it  was  the  habit  of  uncivilized  man 

when  copying  any  object  to  reproduce  unimportant 

details.    He  then  drew  attention  to  the  patoo-patoo 

which   he  exhibited,  and  which  was  made  of    the 

jaw   of  a  cetacean,   whereas    this    implement   was 

commonly  made  of  wood  or  stone.    The  battle-axe 

or  baton  de  commandement  of  Fiji  had  been  seen 

made  of  a  cetacean  rib,  but  was  commonly  made  of 

wood.    In    the  wooden    specimens,  however,  there 

was  always  a  prominence  on  the  upper  margin  of 

the  curved  head  which  exactly  corresponded  to  the 

transverse  process  in  the  proximal  end  of  a  cetacean 

rib,  and  often  a  mark  like  an  eye  was  placed  on  the 

6ide   just  where  the  lateral  prominence  occurs  in 

the  head  of  the  rib.    In  the  ribs  near  the  middle 

part  of  the  animal— in  the  case  of  the  ca'ing  whale. 

for  instance— the   process  which  passed  below  the 

vertebral  column  was  much  elongated,  arid  the  whole 

form  almost  exactly  resembled  that  of  the  "  throw- 

ing-stick."    This  instrument,  when  made  of  wood, 

had  a  flattened  head,  as  in  the  rib,  and  was  thrown 

so  as  to  cut  more   easily  through    the    air  in  one 

plane.    The  boomerang  proper  was  flattened  along 

its  whole   length  with   a   concavo-convex  section  ; 

but  it  had  also  a  twist,  giving  it  the  form  of  two 

vanes  of  a  windmill  ;    so  that,  when  the  force  of 

propulsion  given  it  by  the  thrower  was  dying  out, 

the  rotation  of  the  instrument  lifted  it  into  a  higher 

region,  from  which  it  could  glide  along  an  air-slope 

back  to  the  thrower  or    in    some  other  direction. 

Now  the   front  rib  of  the    Cetacea  lies  in  a  plane 

nearly  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  of  the  auimal's 

body,  and,  owing  to  the  tendency  to  accommodate 

itself  to  the  flat  barrel  of  the  animal,  has  a  slight 

twist.    The    form,  in    fact,  approaches    that   of  a 

boomerang,  and  when  imitated  in  lighter  material, 

and  used  as  a  throwing-stick,  some  specimens  would 

show   the  characteristic    flight,  and  thus  accident 

might  suggest  the  boomerang. 


Archaeological  Institute.  —  Fe b.  3. —Judge 
Bay  lis,  V.P.,  in  the  chair. — The  Chairman  annouuced 
that  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Institute  will  be  held 
this  year  at  Dorchester,  Dorset,  at  the  end  of  July  or 
the  beginning  of  August,  under  the  presidency  of 
General  Pitt- Rivers. — Canon  Raven  exhibited  three 
coins  :  two  of  the  Constantine  period,  and  one  con- 
sular, of  C.  Memmius,  from  Gariannouum  (Burgh 
Castle).  — Mr.  R.  G.  Rice  exhibited  a  small  un- 
finished miniature  portrait  of  a  man,  painted  on 
ivory,  supposed  to  be  that  of  Crossfield,  who,  with 
others,  was  accused  of  a  conspiracy  to  assassinate 
George  III.  The  portrait  was  formerly  wrapped 
in  a  piece  of  old  paper,  to  which  it  is  securely 
attached,  and  it  was  apparently  so  from  the  first, 
for,  besides  the  following  endorsement  on  the 
paper,  there  are  marks  indicating  a  trial  of  the 
colours  :  "  Committed  to  the  Tower  18  Septr,  1795, 
Came  to  town,  11  D°.,  2  at  Bodmin."  From  a 
paragraph  under  "  British  and  Foreign  History,"  on 
p.  Hit  of  the 'New  Annual  Register'  for  the  year 
1795,  which  was  quoted  in  exte/iso  by  Mr.  Rice.it 
appeared  that  "  a  man  of  the  name  of  Crossfield,  a 
surgeon,  had  been  implicated  on  the  evidence  of  the 

infamous  informer  Upton he  engaged  himself  as 

surgeon  on  board  the  Pomona,  bound  to  the  southern 
whale  fishery.  Inthecourseof  her  voyage,  th<?  Pomona 
was  taken  and  carried  into  Brest,  where  (probably 
to  ingratiate  himself  with  the  French,  in  the  hope 
of  obtaining  favourable  treatment)  he  openly  pro- 
fessed himself  to  be  one  of  those  who  had  been 
accused  of  a  conspiracy  to  assassinate  the  King  of 
Great  Britain On  his  return  to  England,  con- 
scious, probably,  of  the  imprudence  of  his  language 
while  iu  France,  he  assumed  the  name  of  Wilson. 
An  information,  however,  being  lodged  against  him 
by  some  of  the  sailors  with  whom  he  had  been  con- 
fined in  France,  he  was  apprehended  in  the  month 
of  September,  and  with  much  solemnity  committed 
by  the  Privy  Council  to  the  Tower."  The  writer, 
after  characterizing  the  matter  as  "this  frivolous 
and  almost  ridiculous  affair,"  concludes  by  saying, 
"We  shall  so  far  venture  to  anticipate,  as  to  add 
that  Crossfield  and  the  rest  were,  after  a  trial 
only  remarkable  for  the  absurdity  and  inconsis- 
tency of  the  evidence  for  the  Crown,  acquitted.  '— 
Mr.  Gh  E.  Fox  read  the  second  and  concluding  part 
Of  his  paper  on  Uriconium,  the  Roman  city  at 
Wroxeter,  near  Shrewsbury.  Referring  to  the  first 
partof  the  paper,  read  last  November,  he  mentioned 
thai  the  genera]  aspect  of  the  site  had  then  been 
treated  of,  that  the  line  of  the  city  walls  had  been 
traced,  and  the  various  discoveries  described  which 
bad  been  made-  within  the  walls  from  the  beginning 
of  the  lael  century  to  the  middle  of  the  present  one, 

"':  then  pro.- led   to  explain  in  detail  the  remains 

of  the  buildings  found  in  the  excavations  made  from 
the  year  in.vjto  1861, and  again  in  1867, during  winch 
years  tin;  principal  public  buildings  of  the  Koman 
city  were  uncovered.  These  formed  a  group  in  the 
centre  of  the  Mie.and  comprised  the  basilica  and 
the  baths,  with  various  adjuncts.  .Mr.  Fox  ui 
the  desirability  of  further  excavations  ou  the  site, 


which  might  be  expected  to  yield  even  better  results 
for  archaeology  than  those  achieved  in  the  excava- 
tions at  Silchester,  though  these  had  been  consider- 
able.—Plans  and  photographs  of  the  remains  and 
drawings  of  architectural  details  from  Wroxeter 
were  exhibited  in  illustration  of  the  paper,  together 
with  examples  of  tessera  from  the  floor  of  the 
basilica  to  show  the  materials  used  in  the  mosaics 
of  Uriconium. 

Zoological.— Feb.  2.— Prof.  G.  B.  Howes  in  the 
chair.— The  Secretary  read  a  report  on  the  additions 
made  to  the  menagerie  during  January,  and  ex- 
hibited a  collection  of  bird-skins  that  had  been 
formed  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Churchill  during  various 
shooting  excursions  along  the  shores  within  twenty 
miles  of  the  island  of  Mozambique.  There  were  no 
novelties  in  the  collection,  but  it  was  interesting  as 
coming  from  a  locality  which,  zoologically,  had  not 
been  well  explored.  — Mr.  R.  E.  Holding,  on  behalf 
of  Sir  D.  Brooke,  exhibited  a  head  and  two  pair  of 
shed  horns  of  a  fallow  deer.  The  latter  showed 
curious  deformities  in  consequence  of  disease  of  the 
frontal  bone. — Mr.  G.  E.  H.  Barrett-Hamilton  gave 
a  short  general  accouut  of  his  expedition  to  the 
Fur-Seal  Islands  of  the  North  Pacific  during  the 
summer  of  1896,  in  company  with  Prof.  D'Arcy 
Thompson.  This  journey  had  been  undertaken  on 
behalf  of  the  Foreign  and  Colonial  Offices,  with  a 
view  to  the  investigation  of  the  natural  history  of 
the  Northern  fur-seal  (Otaria  ursina) ,  with  special 
reference  to  certain  disputed  points  which  had  a 
distinct  bearing  on  the  industry  connected  with  the 
skins  of  the  animal.  A  detailed  report  of  Mr. 
Barrett-Hamilton's  investigations  would  be  issued 
as  a  Parliamentary  Blue-book. — Mr.G.  A.  Boulenger 
read  a  paper  on  '  A  Catalogue  of  the  Reptiles  and 
Batrachiaus  of  Celebes,  with  Special  Reference  to 
the  Collections  made  by  Drs.  P.  and  F.  Sarasin  in 
1893-1896.'  This  memoir  gave  a  complete  list  (with 
descriptions)  of  all  the  reptiles  and  batrachians, 
with  the  exception  of  the  marine  species,  known  to 
occur  in  the  Celebes.  The  number  of  species  of 
reptiles  enumerated  was  83,  and  of  batrachians  21. 
—  Mr.  M.  Jacoby  described  43  species  of  phyto- 
phagous Coleoptera,  37  of  which  were  new,  based 
ou  specimens  contained  in  collections  sent  home  to 
him  from  Natal  and  Mashonaland  by  Mr.  G. 
Marshal],  and  from  Madagascar  by  M.  Alluand,  of 
Paris. 


Entomological.—  Feb.  3— Mr.  R.  Trimen,  Pre- 
sident, in   the    chair.— Mr.   F.   Bates,   Mr.    D.  DA. 
Wright,    and     Mrs.    E.     Brightwen     were    elected 
Fellows.— Mr.    Champion    exhibited    an    extensive 
series  of  Coleoptera  collected  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Lloyd 
and  himself  in  the  Austrian  Tyrol,  containing  about 
450  species,  and   including  35  of   Longicoruia  aud 
about  20  of  Otiorrhynchus.     He  also  exhibited  about 
85  species  of  Coleoptera  from  Cintra,  Portugal,  col- 
lected   by    Col.   Yerbury,   the   most  interesting   of 
these  beiug  Carabus  lusitanicus,  F. ;  also  two  speci- 
mens of   the   rare   Zeugophura    ftavicollis,    Marsh., 
from  Colchester.— Mr.  Tutt  showed  for  Mr.  W.  H.  B. 
Fletcher    typical     Zygcena     ochsenhei  inert,     Zell., 
from   Piedmont,  and  hybrids  between  a  female  of 
that  species  and  Z.  filipendulce.    The  progeny  was 
fertile  inter  se,    the   males  closely  approaching  Z. 
ochsenheimeri,  the    females  Z.  filipcndulrc  in    cha- 
racter.    For  Mr.  J.  B.  Hodgkinsou  he  exhibited  a 
number  of  obscure  British  Microlepidoptera,  some 
of  which  had  been  described  as  new  species.— The 
determinations  were  criticized  by  Lord  Walsingham, 
Mr.  Bower,  aud    Mr.  Barrett,  and   the   first- named 
speaker  strongly  deprecated  the  practice  of  positively 
recognizing  or  describing  such  obscure  species  from 
single  or  worn  specimens,  particularly  when  British. 
— Mr.  Barrett  showed  specimens  of  the  true  Platij- 
ptilia  tessera  dactyla,  L.  (=  P  fischcri,  Zell.),  new  to 
the  United   Kingdom,  and  taken  in  Co.  Gal  way.— 
Mr.  McLachlau  exhibited  cooked   locusts  (Schisto- 
cercapercgrina)  sold  in  the  market  of  Biskra,  Algeria. 
They    were  cooked  whole,  but  the  abdomen    only 
was  eaten.— The    President,    Mr.   Barrett,  and    Mr. 
Blandford  made  some  remarks  on    the  subject.— A 
paper  was  communicated  by  Dr.  A  G.Butler  'On 
Seasonal  Dimorphism  in  African  Butterflies,'  which 
led    to  a  long  discussion,   chiefly  on  the    so  called 
"dry-season  "  and  "wet-season  "'forms.— Mr.  Alerri- 
field  stated  that  he  had  been  unable  to  modify  experi- 
mentally the  colour  ami  markings  of   Lepidoptera 
by  variations  in   humidity.  —  Mr.  Tutt  believed  that 
Mr.  Doherty  had  obtained   "  wet-season  forms"   of 
Oriental   species   by   keeping  the  pupa;  iu  a  moist 
atmosphere. 

Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.  —  Feb.  9. — 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  in  the  chair.— The  paper 

read  was  '  On  Cold  Storage  at  the  London  aud  India 
Docks,'  by  Mr.  11.  F.  Donaldson. 

SOCIETY  ok  Arts.  —Feb,  I.  — Prof.  Ewing  de- 
livered the  second  lecture  of  his  course  of  Howard 
Lectures  '  Ou  the  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold.' 


Feb.  8— Mr.  J.  S.  Neville  in  the  chair.— Mr.  W. 
Burton  delivered  the  fourth  and  concluding  lecture 
'  On  Material  and  Design  in  Pottery,'  dealing  more 
especially  with  porcelain,  and  showing  how  it 
formed  a  sort  of  connecting  link  between  stoneware 
and  glass,  and  required  special  treatment,  both  as 
regards  design  of  form  and  colouring,  owiug  to  the 
constituents  of  the  materials  employed.  A  number 
of  examples  from  the  South  Kensington  Museum 
were  exhibited. 

Feb.  9.— Mr.  J.  Pennell  in  the  chair. — A  paper 
'  On  Lithography  as  a  Mode  of  Artistic  Expression  ' 
was  read  before  the  Applied  Art  Section  by  Mr. 
G.  McCulloch.— A  discussion  followed,  in  which 
Mr.  Whistler  and  others  took  part. 

Feb.  10.— Sir  S.  C.  Bayley  in  the  chair.— A  paper 
'  On  the  Chemistry  of  Tea '  was  read  by  Mr.  D. 
Crole,  aud  was  followed  by  a  discussion. 

Aristotelian.— Jan.  25.— Mr.  T.  H.  Hodgson, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  C.  T.  Davis  was  elected  a 
Member. — Mr.  A.  Boutwood  read  a  paper  '  On  the 
Fundamental  Nature  of  the  Religious  Consciousness.' 

Feb.  8. — Prof.  J.  Sully  and  Miss  Meyer  were  elected 
Members.— Mr.  H.  Sturt  read  a  paper  '  On  Duty.' 
Duty  implies  (1)  service.  The  service  of  duty  is  a 
kind  of  homage  to  excellence  ;  in  its  most  developed 
form  a  homage  to  an  ideal.  We  appreciate  excellence 
because  (a)  we  should,  without  it,  perish  in  the 
struggle  for  existence  ;  (b)  the  soul  in  all  depart- 
ments of  activity'  naturally  wrorks  towards  perfec- 
tion. Duty  implies  (2)  effort,  because  it  is  the  service 
of  an  imperfect  beiug. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE   ENSUING  WEEK. 

Victoria  Institute.  4$.— '  Inherited  and  Hereditary  Characters.' 

London  Institution,  5.  — 'The  Fauna  of  the  High  Seas,'  Prof. 
S.  J   Hickson. 

Hellenic.  5  — '  A  Stone  Tripod  at  Oxford ' and 'The  Mantinean 
liasis,'  Prof  P  Gardner. 

Institute  of  British  Architects,  8. 

Society  of  Arts,  8. —  'The  Industrial  Uses  of  Celluloid,'  Lec- 
ture I.,  Mr.  C  F.  Cross     (Cantor  Lecture  ) 

Royal  Institution.  3  -'  Animal  Electricity,  Prof.  A.  D.  Waller. 

Statistical,  5£  — '  English  Vaccination  aud  Small-pox  Statistics, 
with  Special  Reference  to  the  Report  of  the  Royal  Com- 
mission and  to  Recent  Small-pox  Epidemics,'  Mr.  Noel  A. 
Humphreys 

Society  of  Arts.  8  -'The  Progress  of  Canada  during  the  Past 
sixty  Years  of  Her  Majesty  s  Reign,'  Mr  J   G  Colmer. 

Folk-lore,  8 —'The  Story  of  Orendel.  Prof  W  P  Ker. 

Civil  Engineers,  8  —Discussion  on  'Cold  Storage  at  the  London 
and  India  Docks.' 

Zoological.  8.,  — '  Echidnocephalus,  a  Halosauroid  Fish  from  the 
Upper  Cretaceous  Formation  of  Westphalia.'  Mr  A  S  Wood- 
ward ;  '  Specimen  of  Acanthocybium  solandii  from  the  Arabian 
Sea,'  Mr  G  A  Roulenger  ;  '  Remarks  on  the  Existing  Forms 
of  Giraffe.'  Mr.  W  E  de  Winton 

United  Service  Institution.  3  —'The  Dongola  Expedition  of 
1896.'  Lieut  A  Hilliard-Atteridge 

Microscopical.  7 — '  On  a  Simple  Method  of  Microphotography,' 
Mr  G  M  Giles 

Meteorological,  "2  — '  Report  on  the  Phenological  Observations 
for  1896,'  Mr.  E  Mawley  ;  Results  of  Observations  on  Haze 
and  Transparency  near  Haslemere,  Surrey,'  Hon.  F.  A.  R. 
Russell 

Society  of  Arts,  8  — '  Light  Railways,'  Mr.  E  R.  Calthrop. 

Entomological.  8. 
i.  Royal  Institution,  3. — 'The  Problems  of    Arctic  Geology,' Dr. 
J.  W.  Gregory. 

Royal,  4J. 

Historical,  5  —Anniversary ;  Address  by  the  President 

London  Institution,  6. —  'The  Arctic  Record,'  Mr.  J.  Scott 
Keltie 

Numismatic,  7. 

Linnean,  8  —' Certain  Points  in  the  Anatomy  and  Morphology 
of  the  Nymphavacea;,'  Mr.  D.  T  G  Vaughaii ;  'The  Adhesive 
Discs  of  Eucilla  sptcata,  Moq  ,'  Mr  T    H    liurrage 

Chemical.  8  -'  The  Oxidation  of  Sulphurous  Acid  by  Potassium 
Permanganate,'  Messrs.  T.  S  Dymond  and  F  Hughes  ; 
'Sodamide  and  some  of  its  Substitution  Derivatives,'  and 
'  Rubidamide.'  Dr.  A   W  Titherley. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.—' The  Mechanical  Production  of   Cold,' Lec- 
ture IV  ,  Prof.  J.  A   Ewing     (Howard  Lecture  ) 
Antiquaries.  8,  —'Note  on  Ancient  Burial  customs,'  Rev.  E.  It 
Savage;    '  Mediaeval  Surnames  and  their  Spellings,'  Mr.   G. 
Gra/.ebrook. 
Geological,  3. --Annual  Meeting. 

United  Service   Institution,   3— 'The  Health    of    the    British 
Troops  in  India  and  other  F'oreign  Stations,'  Major-General 
R.  Dashwood 
Royal  Institution,  9  — '  The  Approaching  Return  of  the  Great 
Swarm  of  November  Meteors,'  Dr  G.  J.  Stoney 

Royal  Institution.  3.  —  -  The  Growth  of  the  Mediterranean 
Route  to  the  East,'  Mr.  W.  F.  Lord. 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  for  the 
Protection  of  Birds  will  take  place  on  the  after- 
noon of  Tuesday  week,  at  the  Westminster 
Palace  Hotel.  The  chair  will  bo  taken  by  the 
Earl  of  Stamford. 

The  Royal  Meteorological  Society  will  hold 
at  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  in  Great 
George  Street,  from  March  16th  to  19th,  in 
commemoration  of  the  "  Diamond  Jubilee,"  an 
exhibition  of  meteorological  instruments  in  use 
in  1837  and  18!)7,  and  of  diagrams,  drawings, 
and  photographs  illustrative  thereof. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society  held  yesterday  (February  12(h)  the  Gold 
Medal,  which  had  been  awarded  to  Prof. 
Barnard    for   his  discovery  of   the  tilth  satellite 

of  Jupiter  and  other  discoveries,  was  presented 
to  him  in  person,  tbe  address  being  delivered  by 
the  retiring    president,    Dr.    Common.       The 

latter  is  succeeded  by  Prof.  Sir  Robert  Ball. 


220 


T  ii  E    AT  h  i-:x  .1:  i:  m 


N  3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


Pi:.  I'm  i.  II  \i..i  k.  Director  <>f  thfl  Gk)tha  Ob- 

itory,     ]i:is    been    ftp]  mint  t-tl    to    succeed    thfl 

lata  Prof.  Kriiger  in  the  directorship  of  that  at 
Kiel.     He  becomes  also  Profe  tronomy 

in  the  University. 

I)k.  W'ii.iiiim  \  viinhmk,  Director  of  the 
rlarlsruhe  Observatory,  baa  been  appointed 
Professor  of  Astronomy  in  the  University  of 
Heidelberg,  and  the  observatory  is  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  latter  place,  when  a  building  is 
being  erected  for  the  purpo 

Tin:  small  planets  Nos.  412,  418,  420,  and 
421  have  received  the  names  Elisabetha,  Edburga, 
Bertholda,  and  Z&bringia  respectively.  They 
were  all  discovered  by  Prof.  Max  Wolf  at 
Heidelberg,  the  former  two  on  January  7th, 
1896,  and  the  latter  two  on  September  3rd,  1896. 
Tun  of  the  discoveries  more  recent  than  the 
last  must  be  excluded  from  the  numbering,  as 
only  one  photographic  position  of  each  is  avail- 
able. 


FINE    ARTS 


EXHIBITION    OF    WORKS    OF   FORD     M.VDOX    BROWN 
AT   THE    GRAFTON    GALLERY. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  that 
now  numerous  class,  the  "  one-man  "  exhibition. 
It  comprises  nearly  two  hundred  pictures  and 
cartoons,  some  of  them  unusually  large  and 
crowded  with  figures.  Yet  it  is  far  from  being 
complete,  and  therefore  it  is  not  altogether  just 
to  Madox  Brown.  The  great  cartoon  of  '  The 
Body  of  Harold  brought  to  the  Conqueror,' 
which  established  Brown's  reputation  with  artists 
in  1845,  is  in  the  South  London  Gallery  and  not 
on  these  walls,  while  '  Chaucer  at  the  Court  of 
Edward  III.'  is  at  Sydney.  Neither  of  Brown's 
two  masterpieces,  'The  Last  of  England  '  and 
'Christ  washes  Peter's  Feet,'  is  here.  The 
former  is  in  the  public  gallery  at  Birming- 
ham and  the  latter  in  the  National  Gallery. 
Work  (No.  54),  too,  which  he  mistakenly  took  to 
be  his  best  work,  is  so  badly  hung  that  it  might 
as  well  not  have  been  borrowed  from  the  Cor- 
poration Gallery  at  Manchester.  '  Romeo  and 
Juliet '  is  in  America,  while  the  best  'Entomb- 
ment '  is  not  here.  To  be  sure,  smaller  copies 
and  several  nondescript  versions  of  these  absent 
examples  do  something  towards  making  the  col- 
lection adequately  representative  of  a  masculine 
artist  and  admirable  colourist.  Of  co»_rse,  as 
the  series  of  large  paintings  in  the  Town 
Hall  at  Manchester  are  not  removable  from 
the  walls,  they  are  perforce  represented,  more 
or  less  imperfectly,  by  the  copies  and  versions 
to  which  we  have  referred.  There  is,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  must  be  acknowledged,  a  super- 
abundance of  inferior  works  which  had  better 
not  have  been  hung.  Altogether  the  visitor 
will  be  wise  if  he  does  not  expect  too  much 
from  the  collection  ;  and  yet  there  is  so  much 
that  is  really  fine  in  it  that  he  will  be  forced 
to  concede  to  Brown  an  extremely  high  place 
among  modern  English  painters. 

As  for  nearly  forty  years  the  Athenaeum  has 
been  Brown's  constant  advocate  and  expositor, 
it  is  not  necessary  for  us  to  say  much  about 
the  leading  paintings  in  the  exhibition.  The 
late  Mr.  Solomon  Hart,  R.A.,  who  contributed 
to  this  journal  in  the  forties,  was  among  the  first 
to  praise  with  any  degree  of  warmth  Brown's 
Wichliffe  reading  Ins  Translation  of  the  Bible  to 
John  of  Gaunt  (42)  when  it  was  at  the  Free 
Exhibition  in  1848.  Its  architectonic  com- 
position and  the  conventions  that  mark  the 
design,  the  absence  of  passion,  the  motionless 
figures  and  pervading  grace,  the  light  tonality 
and  brilliant  coloration,  make  it  quite  different 
from  anything  Brown  painted  before  or  after. 
Yet  it  was  this  work  that  attracted  to  him 
the  Pre-Raphaelite  Brethren.  Dante  Rossetti, 
in  fact,  fell  violently  in  love  with  it,  and 
based  upon  it  his  earliest  artistic  principles, 
technical     as     well     as     pictorial.      That     the 


painter    of    '  Wickliffe1    should    like* 
the    author    of    a    piece    so    intensely    dra- 
matic and  so  thoroughly  human  and  moving  as 
.v..  60,  which  represents  the  parting  of  Romeo 
itml    Juliet,   is  a  marvel    not   to    be   ignored 

use    the     Version     before     U.s     is    decidedly 
inferior  to  the  absent   original.      On    the    other 

hand,  Mr.  Bibby's  replica  in  oil  of  the  very 
original   Elijah  and  the  Widow's  Son  (16),  the 

water  colour  drawing  of  which  is  at  South  Ken- 
sington, is  the  finest  and  most  animated  version 
that  exists  of  the  design,  and  Leighton  was  never 
tired  of  admiring  and  praising  it.     We  mention 

this  because  many  prejudiced  supporters  of 
Brown  believe  that  Academicians— the  eclectics 
especially— constantly  depreciated  him.  It  may 
surprise  some  of  them  to  know  that  Armitage 
was  a  large  subscriber  to  the  fund  which 
secured  '  Chri.st  washes  Peter's  Feet'  for  the 
National  Gallery,  while  Leighton  was  equally 
zealous  in  securing  'Harold'  for  South  London. 
Nor  was  Mr.  Watts  less  active  in  the  matter. 
Chaucer  at  the  Court  of  Edward  III.  (16),  Mr. 
Bibby's  small  version  of  the  enormous  picture 
now  at  Sydney,  is  a  distinct  improvement  on  a 
picture  which,  when  it  was  in  Trafalgar  Square 
in  1851,  occupied  a  leading  place  and 
a  great  deal  of  space  in  the  Middle  Room. 
As  the  Catalogue  does  not  condescend  to 
such  trivialities,  we  may  say  that  the  work 
contains  an  excellent  portrait  of  Walter  H. 
Deverell,  the  P-R.B.'s  much-beloved  friend,  as 
the  page  who  is  flirting  with  the  lady  in  front ; 
D.  G.  Rossetti  is  Chaucer  ;  John  Marshall,  the 
famous  surgeon,  figures  as  the  jester ;  Mr. 
W.  M.  Rossetti  sat  for  the  troubadour  ;  and 
we  believe  Miss  Siddal  is  the  lady  on  our  right 
who  clasps  her  hands  together.  DevereU's  is 
much  the  best  of  these  likenesses. 

Cordelia  and  Lear  (20)  represents  the  moment 
immediately  preceding  the  death  of  the  king. 
It  is  a  prodigious  improvement  upon  '  Wick- 
liffe,' which  it  followed  at  Hyde  Park  Corner 
in  1849.  Except  in  '  Christ  washes  Peter's 
Feet '  and  'The  Last  of  England,'  Brown  never 
surpassed  this  great  work  ;  the  effect  of  it 
is  strikingly  concentrated,  and  the  pathos 
is  intense.  In  "  The  Private  Collections  of 
England,"  No.  II.,  September  13th,  1873, 
we  called  it  "one  of  the  most  nearly  per- 
fect pictures  of  the  English  School." 
King  Rene's  Honeymoon  (27)  is  an  ex- 
pressive version  of  one  of  Brown's  sweetest 
designs  in  what  he  was  wont  to  call  "the 
amorous  class,"  what  Millais  used  to  style 
"cuddling  pictures."  As  the  Catalogue  affords 
no  explanation  of  the  subject,  we  may  repeat 
what  we  said  on  October  10th,  1885,  in  "The 
Private  Collections,"  No.  LXXXII.  :  — 

11  The  young  king  and  his  fair  bride  sit  side  by 
side  in  a  sort  of  throne  set  up  in  a  bower  while  they 
discuss  the  plan  of  the  '  Chastlet  du  lloy  Hem'.'  a 
diagram  of  which  lies  at  their  feet.  A  soft,  golden 
lij:ht  flushes  the  roseate  air.  Rene  hold 8  a  pair  of 
compasses  in  one  hand  and  with  a  soft  smile  aban- 
dons himself  to  the  charm  of  the  situation,  while  he 
leans  towards  his  spouse  and  receives  her  car- (88. 
Lightly  touching  his  arm  with  one  hand,  she  puts 
the  other  about  his  neck,  drawing  his  willing  face 
to  her,  and  plants  a  kiss  upon  his  cheek.  Tender 
passion  was  never  more  admirably  or  ardently 
delineated  than  in  this  beautiful  romance.  The 
style,  no  less  than  the  sentiment,  the  costumes, 
lighting,  and  chiaroscuro  (a  broad,  soft,  ruddy,  and 
nearly  shadowless  tone  pervades  the  scene),  is  ex- 
cellently adapted  to  the  passion  of  t lie  subject." 

This  delightful  comedy  illustrates  Brown's 
power  of  dealing  with  subjects  of  the  class 
almost  as  well  as  the  'Romeo  and  Juliet* 
shows  how  he  could  handle  similar,  but  more 
passionate  motives  and  incidents.  These  pic- 
tures are  the  true  complements  to  the  artist's 
tragic  works,  like  the  'Cordelia  and  Lear '  and 
the  not  less  touching  'Last  of  England,1  of 
which  Mr.  Rao's  reduced  version,  No.  84,  is  a 
good  duplicate. 

Our  readers  who  compare    it  with   any  of  the 

best    works   here   may    judge    how  inadequate 

and    Haidee  (48) —  the  picture  which  is 


to    r.  wn    in    the     Louvre,    as    we 

lately     stated  —  i  ire     as    a     sj  •    inM  ■ 

either  of  Brown's  art  or  the  KnglUh 
School.  1'  i  DOC  quite  bis  worst  pic- 
ture, but  it  is  among  his  worst.  II 
we  described  when  reviewing  the  artist's  own 
exhibition  in  1866,  and  again  when  it  was  at 
Bfancheater    in    1887.    Though    full    of    fine 

painting  and  showing  plenty  of  power,  it  is,  in 
our  opinion,  a  great  mistake,  at  once  com- 
plicated,  didactic,  and  full  of  crudities  of 
thought.  It  is  woefully  confused  ;  in  fact,  it 
is  rather  a  lecture  in  paint  than  a  picture, 
and    it   pi  DODfl    of     the    incisiveiiess    of 

II  artfa  nor  of  Hogarth's  homogeneity  and 
simplicity.  The  gentleman  on  horseback  in  the 
middle  of  the  straggling  composition,  or  rather 
no  -  composition,  is  a  good  likeness  of  R.  B. 
Martineau,  whcj.se  'Last  Day  in  the  Old  Home' 
has  lately  gone  to  the  National  Gallery,  but  the 
portraits  of  Carlyle  and  Kingsley  in  the  fore- 
ground are  caricatures.  This  picture  has 
darkened  considerably  since  we  saw  it  at  Man- 
chester. .  The  Entombment  (55)  is  an  inferior 
version  of  one  of  Brown's  happiest  designs, 
which  is  better  represented  by  No.  132,  and 
still  better  by  the  photograph,  No.  249,  from 
a  really  fine  cartoon. 

Cordelia's  Portion  (56;  we  described  at  length 
in   "The  Private  Collections,  '  No.   LXXX1V. 
Brown    etched   the   subject    in    No.    4   of    the 
Germ,  1850.     We  also  mentioned  Mr.  Rae's  large 
landscape,  An  English  Autumn   Afteriuton,  in 
No.    XVIII.    of    the    same    series.      Willi  elmus 
Conquistator  (61)   is   the   large   version   in    oil 
of    the    cartoon    of   1845,    and    was    exhibited 
along   with  the  cartoon  at   'Westminster.     Re- 
cently, when  chronicling  the  gift  of  the  cartoon 
to    South    London,    we    described    its   design, 
which  does  not  differ  materially  from   that   of 
No.   61.     The  picture  deserves  close  examina- 
tion if  the  observer  is  to  enter  into  the  spirit 
of    so   magnificent    a    work.       Brown's    super- 
abundant   vitality    is    manifest    in    it,    and    his- 
intense  sympathy  with  the  furious  passions  of 
his  battle  scene  is  evidenced  by  the  group  of 
combatants   in    the  foreground,    where,   locked 
in  a  death  grapple,  lie  the  bodies  of  a  Norman 
and  a    Saxon,   one   of   whom   lias   stabbed   the 
other  in  the  back,  while  he,  in  turn,  has  bitten 
his  adversary's    throat    like  a  dog.     The  com- 
position, though  at  once  difficult  and  complex, 
and  consisting  of  a  crowd  of  figures  compactly 
j  grouped,  is  a  masterpiece  of  its  kind,  and,  like 
the  expressions  of  the  faces,  it  is  worthy  of  the 
highest  praise.     How  fine  a  draughtsman  Brown 
was  at  the  time  he  drew  the  cartoon  may  be 
noticed  in  the  Original  Cartoon   of  the  Spirit  of 
Justice  (36),  which,  with  the  cartoon  now  at  the 
South  London  Gallery,  was  at  Westminster  in 
1845.      The  design  of  No.  36  is  a  little  stilted 
and  its  composition  is  jejune  and  awkward,  but 
as  a  specimen   of   drawing  on  the  scale  of  life 
and  an   illustration   of  stateliness  in  style  it  is 
extremely  fine  ;  indeed,  it  can  hardly  be  over- 
praised.    No.  43  is  a  very  fair  replica  of  Jesus 
trashes  Ftta' *  Feet.     In  announcing  the  gift  of 
the  original  to  the  National  Gallery,  we  gave 
the  history  and  mentioned    the    names    of  the 
persons  who  sat  to  Brown  for  the  chief  figures, 
except  Mr.  F.  G.  Stephens,  who  sat  for  the  face 
of   Christ  (it   is  said    to    be  an  excellent    like- 
ness of  the  model)  ;  Mr.  W.   Hunt,  senior  (or 
Mr.  YY.  B.  Scott)  ;  Mr.  C.  B.  Cayley,  the  trans- 
lator iif  Dante  ;  and  the  original  of   St.  John, 
whom  we  supposed  to  be  Christina  Rossetti.   She, 
i  however,  had  no  recollection  of  having  sat  to 
Brown    for    this   head.     It   is,    therefore,   more 
probable    that    her     brother    William    did    so. 
Mr.   Coltart's  Jacob  and  Joseph's  Coat  (63),  a 
strikingly  original   design,   at  once   picturesque 
and      expressive,      aptly     illustrates      Brown's 
powers,  and  is  admirably  painted.     The  heads 
of    the    truculent    Judah,     the      asinine     Issa- 
char,    the   brooding    Benjamin,    and    the    cruel 
Simeon  are    first  rate.     On  the  other  hand,   it 
furnishes  a  curious  illustration  of  Brown's  in- 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


221 


ability  to  put  himself  in  the  place  of  the  observing 
student  of  his  conceptions.  For  instance,  he 
intended  to  express  part  of  the  motive  of 
his  subject  by  a  sheep-dog  in  the  foreground, 
which,  according  to  the  artist,  demonstrates  the 
falsity  of  the  rascally  sons  of  Jacob  when  they 
exhibit  to  their  father  the  blood-stained  coat  of 
Joseph.  The  dog  sniffs  the  blood  on  this  gar- 
ment, and  refuses  to  recognize  it  as  human 
blood.  Such  was  Brown's  account  of  his  design, 
but  he  forgot  to  tell  the  public  how  they  were 
to  know  what  is  passing  in  the  dog's  mind  ! 

There  is  a  good  deal  that  is  interesting  about 
William  Shakespear  (58),  a  powerfully  painted 
"collation  from  various  portraits,  intended  to 
supply  the  want  of  a  credible  likeness  of  our 
national  poet,"  and,  as  such,  proposed  to  be 
engraved  for  sale.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  com- 
pilation, and  nothing  else.  In  that  respect 
it  is  really  fine  ;  but  it  is  hardly  to  be 
wondered  at  that  purists  in  portraiture  like  the 
Selecting  Committee  of  the  Academy  declined 
to  exhibit  it  as  a  likeness  of  Shakspeare,  when 
it  was  submitted  to  them  in  1850.  Had  it 
been  engraved,  goodness  knows  what  confusion 
would  havearisen  among  the  cognoscenti,  the  more 
so  because  it  really  is  a  remarkably  successful 
compilation,  such  as,  when  one  has  familiarized 
oneself  with  it,  it  becomes  extremely  difficult  not 
to  believe  in.  The  Portrait  of  Ford  Madox 
Brown  (22)  is,  for  a  man's  representation  of 
himself,  fairly  faithful,  but  it  is  not  nearly 
so  good  nor  so  true  as  No.  50,  which,  though 
melodramatic  in  its  motives,  is  a  veritable  like- 
ness and  splendidly  painted. 

Among  the  works  to  which  we  need  not  refer 
at  any  length  are  At  the  Opera  (66)  ;  "  Take 
your  Son,  Sir  /"  (70)  a  young  matron  offering 
her  first-born  babe  to  its  father ;  Parisinas 
Sleep  (74),  a  vigorous  and  competent  painting 
in  Brown's  Belgian  style  of  1842  or  a  little 
later  ;  several  pastel  portraits  (82,  83,  and  84)  ; 
Sardanapalvs's  Dream  (115),  the  latest  of  the 
artist's  first-rate  designs,  of  which  there  is 
a  good  etching  by  Mr.  Rhead  ;  and  a  large 
number  of  cartoons  for  stained  glass,  comprising 
figures  of  bishops,  saints,  heroes,  kings,  queens, 
poets,  and  philosophers,  noble  works  in  their 
way,  the  conception  of  which  is  generally 
much  above  their  by  no  means  invariably 
vigorous  draughtsmanship.  To  conclude,  we 
must  complain  of  the  badness  of  the  Catalogue, 
which  should  have  supplied  notes  on  the  history, 
dates,  dimensions,  and  subjects  of  the  works, 
and  contains  no  index  to  their  names.  Such 
notes  as  there  are  have  been  borrowed  from 
Brown's  catalogue  of  his  own  exhibition  in 
Piccadilly  ;   they  ought  to  have   been    supple- 


mented. 


MR.    GEORGE    PRICE    BOYCE. 

The  first  hour  of  Tuesday  afternoon  last  took 
from  amongst  us  the  amiable,  accomplished,  and 
extremely  original  painter  in  water  colours 
who,  until  189.'i,  when  he  entered  the  "  Retired  " 
grade,  had  been  an  eminent  member  of  the 
"Old  Society,"  in  which  he  worthily  filled 
the  place  of  his  model,  David  Cox.  He  was 
the  eldest  child  of  George  J.  Boyce  and  his 
wifo,  Anne  Price,  and  was  born  in  Blooms- 
bury  on  the  24th  of  September,  1826;  he 
went  to  school  at  Chipping  Ongar,  and  after- 
wards stayed  for  a  considerable  time  in  Paris. 
Proposing  to  become  an  architect,  he  was 
articled  to  the  late  Mr.  Little.  In  1846  while 
still  with  Mr.  Little,  he  travelled  in' South 
Germany  and  Flanders,  making  sketches  of 
the  town  architecture  of  those  countries,  and 
later  in  France.  He  continued  in  Mr.  Little's 
Office  till  October  in  that  year,  when,  as  an 
improver,"  be  entered  the  employment  of 
Messrs.  Wyatt  &  Brandon.  With  them  he 
remained  till  the  middle  of  1849,  when,  having 
failed  in  a  competition,  and  probably  despairing 
of  success  as  an  architect,  or  rather,  perhaps, 
leooming  convinced  that  his  vocation  lay  else- 
where,   ho   made  a  lengthened  tour    in  North 


Wales,    and    encountered    David    Cox    at    the 
Royal  Oak  at  Bettws-y-Coed. 

This  meeting  seems  to  have  led  to  Boyce's 
giving  up  architecture  and  taking  to  paint- 
ing with  characteristic  single-mindedness  and 
thoroughness.  Already  an  excellent  and 
swift  draughtsman,  and  gifted  with  an  ex- 
quisitely sensitive  eye  for  the  harmonies  of 
nature's  colours  and  tones,  Boyce  made  ex- 
ceptionally rapid  progress  in  his  newly  chosen 
studies,  although  an  accident  while  skating,  in 
the  winter  of  1849,  which  injured  his  hip  and 
lamed  him  slightly  for  life,  compelled  him  to 
lay  up  for  some  months.  In  1851  he  was  again 
in  Wales,  where  he  made  several  of  those  beau- 
tiful studies  upon  which  his  reputation  in  after 
life  was  founded. 

Before  this  he  had  become  intimate  with 
several  artists,  such  as  Mr.  H.  T.  Wells,  who 
married  his  sister  Joanna,  herself  an  accom- 
plished painter,  and  he  found  himself  drawn 
into  a  distinguished  circle.  A  second  meeting 
with  Cox  at  Bettws  confirmed  him  in  his  new 
departure,  and  on  returning  to  London  in  the 
winter  of  1852,  he  took  a  studio  in  Great 
Russell  Street,  and,  joining  the  long-renowned 
Clipstone  Street  Academy,  studied  much 
from  the  life  and  tried  his  hand  at  oil 
painting.  Some  time  before  this  Boyce, 
probably  by  means  of  Mr.  Wells,  was,  we 
believe,  brought  in  contact  with  Rossetti  while 
he  was  finishing  the  'Mary,  Virgin,'  picture, 
or  that  '  Ecce  Ancilla  Domini  !  '  now  in 
the  National  Gallery.  The  date  of  this  introduc- 
tion is  doubtful— it  may  have  been  1849,  or  even 
later;  but  the  effect  upon  Boyce  was  such  that 
he  became  an  enthusiastic  friend  of  the  great 
artist,  although  their  characters  were  entirely 
different,  bought  some  of  his  pictures,  and 
always  regarded  him  with  a  most  unusual 
affection.  On  Boyce's  style  of  painting, 
on  the  other  hand,  Rossetti  had  no  in- 
fluence. In  1853  Boyce  was  at  Dinant,  and 
visited  the  Pyrenees  and  Babbicombe  Bay, 
where  he  produced  some  charming  water 
colours.  In  this  year,  too,  he  made  his  first 
appearance  at  London  exhibitions,  sending  to 
Suffolk  Street  '  The  Royal  Oak,  Bettws-y- 
Coed'(a  reminiscence  of  Cox),  and  'Beeches,' 
and  to  the  Academy  '  Timber  Yard,  Chidding- 
stone,'  and  '  East  End  of  Edward  the  Confessor's 
Chapel,  Westminster.'  He  repeated  the  last 
subject  more  than  once,  and  his  drawings  of  it 
will  long  show  the  beauty  of  the  interior  of  the 
Abbey,  before  it  was  degraded  by  Sir  Gilbert 
Scott. 

In  1854  Boyce  was  studying  in  Switzer- 
land, at  Ticino,  Milan,  Venice,  and  Verona, 
where  he  made  a  fine  drawing  of  the  tombs 
of  the  Can  Grande  and  Mastino.  In  1855 
he  was  again  in  London,  drawing  at  the 
Langham  Chambers  School,  and  again  visited 
North  Wales.  In  1856  he  moved  from  Great 
Russell  Street  to  15,  Buckingham  Street, 
Strand,  and  had  William  Burges  for  his  fellow 
lodger.  Later  in  the  same  year  we  find  him 
painting  at  Airolo  and  Giornico,  and  again 
suffering  greatly  in  the  injured  hip,  which 
troubled  him  during  succeeding  years,  when  he 
was  studying  at  Lindfield,  Brighton,  Lynmouth, 
Berry  Pomeroy,  Glastonbury,  and  Wells.  Each 
visit  is  signalized  by  more  than  one  fine  drawing. 

In  1858  Boyce  became  a  founder  member 
of  the  original  Hogarth  Club,  whose  rooms 
were  in  Piccadilly  and  Waterloo  Place. 
Among  the  members  were  Street,  W.  Burges, 
Madox  Brown,  A.  I).  Fripp,  Lord  Leighton] 
D.  G.  Rossetti,  and  Woolncr  ;  and  of  men 
still  living  Sir  E.  Burne- Jones,  Sir  F. 
Burton,  and  Mr.  Wallis.  To  the  private  ex- 
hibitions of  this  society  Boyce  contributed,  as 
he  had  previously  done  to  the  collection  of  Pre- 
Raphaelite    pictures    held    in    Russell    Place, 

FitZTOy    Square.      In   successive    years    we    find 
him     busily    painting    at    Slreatley,     of     which 

lie  was   one   of   the   discoverers,   long    bef 
F.  Walker  and  his  friends  drew  attention  to  il  : 


at  Whitby,  where  he  made  drawings  before 
Alfred  Hunt  went  there  ;  at  Rievaulx  and 
Whitwell.  Some  of  the  results  of  these  visits 
were  exhibited  at  the  Academy  and  enhanced 
his  reputation.  In  the  autumn  of  1861  he  went 
to  Egypt,  with  Mr.  F.  Dillon  as  his  companion, 
and  remained  six  months. 

Boyce  removed  from  Buckingham  Street  to 
the  chambers  Rossetti  had  vacated  in  Chatham 
Place,  because  his  wife  had  died  there,  and 
remained  in  Blackfriars  till  October,  1868, 
when,  having  determined  to  build  himself 
a  house  near  Rossetti's  in  Cheyne  Walk,  he 
engaged  Mr.  Philip  Webb  to  design  it. 
During  its  erection  he  resided  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  in  1870  the  very  characteristic 
mansion  in  Glebe  Place  in  which  he  died  on 
Tuesday  was  ready  for  occupation.  He  filled  it 
with  pictures,  drawings,  porcelain,  and  all  sorts 
of  objects  which  attracted  him  by  their  beauty. 
"West  House,"  as  Boyce  called  it,  became  hence- 
forward his  headquarters,  while  in  his  excursions 
he  visited  Ludlow,  Dunster,  Dovedale,  and  Wales 
at  home,  and  in  France,  Auvergne,  Dauphine', 
and  Burgundy.  He  continued  to  do  so  until 
his  health,  enfeebled  by  repeated  attacks  of 
typhoid]  fever  and  a  severe  accident  to  one  of 
his  wrists,  began  to  break  up. 

In  1864  he  was  elected  an  Associate  of  the 
Old  Society,  and  to  its  exhibitions  he  was 
thenceforth  an  almost  constant  contributor  of 
drawings,  always  beautiful,  delicate,  and  un- 
obtrusive, which  were  conspicuous  for  their 
fidelity  and  unaffected  sincerity.  The  simple 
"  Englishness  "  of  their  technique  was  almost 
demure  in  its  graceful  modesty.  A  less  un- 
assuming man  would  have  held  a  place  among  the 
leaders  of  the  "Old  Society,"  and  it  was  hardly 
to  their  credit  that  so  fine  and  sound  an  artist 
remained  an  Associate  until  1878. 

Personally  Boyce  was  like  his  pictures  : 
modest  almost  to  a  fault,  undemonstrative  and 
sincere,  endowed  with  sentiment  that  was  not 
to  be  understood  by  those  who  judge  men  by  the 
first  glance,  and  least  of  all  by  those  who,  in- 
fected with  the  vulgarities  of  our  time,  "con- 
found the  bigger  with  the  greater."  Highly 
cultivated,  he  found  in  art  his  chief  occupation 
and  resource.  He  was  also  an  excellent  amateur 
musician,  and  at  one  time  a  good  oarsman. 

SALES. 

Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  sold  on 
the  6th  inst.  the  following  pictures,  from  the 
collection  of  the  late  Baron  de  Hirsch  :  E.  W. 
Cooke,  Fishing  Boats  Ashore,  and  Market 
Figures,  1361.  P.  Rousseau,  ten  illustrations 
to  La  Fontaine's  '  Fables  '  :  The  Jay  and  the 
Peacock  ;  The  Fox  and  the  Stork,  and  com- 
panion ;  The  Rabbit  and  the  Duck  ;  The  Rabbits 
and  the  Mole  ;  The  Heron  and  the  Snail  ;  The 
Hare  and  the  Grasshopper  ;  The  Pigeons  ;  The 
Hare  and  the  Tortoise  ;  Portrait  of  La  Fontaine, 
320/.  F.  Ziem,  A  View  of  Constantinople,  252/. 
A.  Cuyp,  The  Kicking  Horse,  1411.  J.  L. 
David,  The  Parting  of  Telemachus  and  Eucharis, 
2201.  T.  Gainsborough,  Portrait  of  Lord  Mul- 
grave,  735/.  H.  H.,  Portrait  of  Hans  Balthazar 
Bodmer,  136/.  A.  Kauffmann,  The  Judgment 
of  Paris,  162/.  Largilliere,  Portrait  of  Duchesse 
de  Villars,  3151.  C.  Van  Loo,  Portrait  of 
Henriette  Reunetain,  294/.  Frans  Mieris,  The 
Interior  of  an  Apartment,  with  a  lady  seated  by 
a  table,  1891.  J.  F.  Nollekens,  Pierrot  and 
other  Figures  ;  and  Figures  Dancing  (a  pair), 
315/.  A.  Ostade,  Les  Musicians  Ambulans, 
115/.  G.  Terburg,  Portrait  of  a  Lady  and  Por- 
trait of  a  Gentleman,  225/.  ;  An  Interior  of  a 
Room,  with  a  lady  in  white  satin  dress  and 
black  capo,  483/.  Van  Dyck,  Portrait  of  a  Boy, 
1,6801. 

The  same  auctioneers  sold  on  the  same  day 
the  following  pictures,  the  property  of  a  (gentle- 
man :    Hondekoeter,   A   Landscape,  with  cocks 

lighting  and  other  birds,  1621.  N.  Macs,  In- 
terior, with  a  servant  in  red  and  green  dress 
sealed  by  a  table  plucking  a  duck,  <;:!<)/. 


222 


T  IT  K     AT  II  KN7ET  M 


N  3616,  l'i  b.  l:;.     i 


Mi  Robinson  A.    Fisher  sold  on  the  4th 

iust.  the  following  picton  •  Whistler,  Portraits, 
■  pair,  sketches,  971.  ;  The  Thames  by  Night, 
sketob,  1361.  Sn-  J.  Reynolds,  \  Portrait  of  a 
Lady,  in  ermine  trimmed  dress,  782.  P.  Bordoni, 
A  Portrait  of  a  Venetian  Lady,  in  black  and 
brown  dress,  278/. 

(tii  Monday  and  Tuesday  of  last  week  there 
wereaold  at  the  gallery  of  M.  <J.  Petit,  Paris, 
the  following  pictures  from  the  collection  of 
M.  11.  Vever :  Corot,  Eurydice  Blessee, 
26,000  franca  j  Abreovoir,  82000;  Chemin 
Biontant,  27,800;  Nymphe  couches  au  Ilord 
de  la  Mer,  30,000;  Le  Lac,  16,000;  Matinee, 
16,000;  Jeune  Mere,  15,800;  Route  En- 
Boleillee,  12,000;  Ville  d'Avray,  36,000;  Le 
beur,  8,600.  Daubigny,  Les  liords  de 
l'Oise,  7c\ 000  (this  is  said  to  be  the  highest 
sum  over  paid  for  a  work  of  Daubigny 'a).  Diaz, 
La  Chatelaine,  13,200.  Harpignies,  Le  Cre"- 
puscule,  11.500.  Millet,  Femme  au  Puits, 
pastel,  27,000  ;  La  Plaine,  pastel,  10,200  ;  Les 
Puiseuses  d'Eau,  pastel  20,300.  Meissonier, 
Le  Dejeuner,  72,000  ;  Officier  d'Erat- Major  en 
Observation,  94.100.  C.  Monet,  Pont  d'Argen- 
teuil,  21,500;  L'Egiiae  de  Vernon,  12,000; 
L'Eglise  de  Varangeville,  10,800  ;  Les  Glacons, 
12,500.  Puvis  do  Chavannes,  "  Ludus  pro 
Patria,"  sketch  for  the  picture  at  Amiens, 
22,500.  The  total  amount  realized  at  this  sale 
was  967,970  francs. 


.fhu-^rt  (gasshj. 

Messrs.  Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.  have  on 
view  a  number  of  water-colour  drawings  by  Mr. 
C.  E.  Holloway. — Messrs.  T.  Agnew  &  Sons 
have  formed  in  the  Old  Bond  Street  Galleries 
an  exhibition  of  water-colour  drawings. — The 
Fine- Art  Society  has  appointed  to-day  (Satur- 
day) for  the  private  view  of  Mr.  A.  W.  Riming- 
ton's  drawings  entitled  "  Wanderings  in  Italy," 
to  see  which  the  public  will  be  admitted  on 
Monday  next. — The  same  date  applies  to  an 
exhibition  at  Messrs.  Dowdeswell's  of  water- 
colour  drawings  by  Mr.  J.  Aumonier  of  the  old 
Chain  Pier,  Brighton,  and  pictures  in  oil  painted 
in  Lincolnshire  and  Sussex  by  the  same. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Royal  Archaeo- 
logical Institute  will  be  held  at  Dorchester 
from  August  3rd  to  August  10th,  under  the 
presidency  of  Lieut. -General  Pitt-Rivers.  Prof. 
Boyd  Dawkins  will  preside  over  the  Antiquarian 
Section,  and  Sir  Henry  Howorth  over  the  His- 
torical. 

Mk.  Watts,  being  now  a  Retired  Royal  Aca- 
demician, will,  we  hear,  not  contribute  more 
than  one  picture  to  the  next  exhibition.  He  is 
in  the  country,  and  in  good  health. 

A  LAitcE  'Italian  Landscape,'  by  Prof.  Costa, 
has  been  hung  in  the  National  Gallery,  the  first 
work  of  that  admirable  artist  which  has  found 
its  way  into  an  English  public  collection. 

All  lovers  of  water-colour  painting  will  be 
sorry  to  hear  that  the  Special  Exhibition  of 
members'  works  in  the  gallery  of  the  Old  Society, 
which  we  criticized  recently,  shut  last  Saturday. 
The  Burlington  Club's  exhibition  of  Alfred 
Hunt's  works  will  close  on  the  28th  inst. 

An  exhibition  of  portraits  of  fair  women  and 
beautiful  children  is,  following  recent  English 
precedent,  being  organized  for  benevolent  pur- 
poses at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux-Arts,  Paris,  and 
will  be  open  from  the  2(ith  of  April  till  the 
23rd  of  May  next.  We  may  hope  to  find  at  the 
Ecole,  as  in  similar  exhibitions  held  in  Paris 
since  the  "  Als.'.ciens-Lorrains  "  gallery,  1874, 
numerous  rarities  from  private  collections. 

Messrs.   Clifford  &  Co.  exhibit  until  the 

end  of  this  month,  at  21,  Haymarket,  what 
they  call  "A  Dog  Show  on  Paper  and  Canvas, 
including  some  Royal  Pets,"  the  works  of  Miss 
F.  C.  Fairman. 

Another  of  the  monumental  volumes  which 
excite  the  wonder  rather  than  the  admiration  of 


those  who  concern  themselves  with  the  do 
of  the  Department  of  Science  and  Art  has  tx  i  n 
issued  from  the  Stationery  Office  in  the  form  of 
;m  octavo  Blue-book  <>f  nearly  three  hundred 
closely  printed  pages.  The  title  sufficiently 
indicates  its  nature,  and  that  is  'Calendar,  His- 
tory, and  Oeneral  Summary  of  Regulations  of 
the  Department.'  Seemingly,  the  only  fact  that 

is  new  in  it  is  that  the  South  Kensington 
Schools  are,  in  so  far  as  they  teach  decorative 
drawing  and  design,  now  officially  described  as 
the  Royal  College  of  Art.  We  have  failed  to 
discover  the  record  of  an  intention  on  the  part 
of  the  authorities  to  correct  their  recent  blunder 
of  removing  from  a  well-lighted  hall  to  a  dull 
corridor  the  unrivalled  collection  of  casts  of  the 
finest  sculptures. 

MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  James's  Hall.  —  Henschel  Concerts. 

QUEEN'S  Hall — Symphony  Concerts.  Promenade  Con- 
certs. Stock  Exchange  Orchestral  Society.  Royal  Amateur 
Orchestral  Society. 

There  have  been  few  greater  choral 
works  produced  by  living  composers  of 
late  years  than  Brahms' s  '  German  Re- 
quiem,' originally  written  as  a  filial  tribute 
to  the  memory  of  the  master's  dead  mother. 
So  much  has  been  uttered  concerning  this 
beautiful  and  original  work,  with  its  com- 
bination of  musical  science  and  pathos,  that 
nothing  more  remains  to  be  written,  and  we 
have  only  to  chronicle  a  generally  commend- 
able performance  of  it  at  St.  James's  Hall  on 
Thursday  last  week.  Mr.  Henschel  had  his 
orchestra  and  chorus  well  in  hand,  and 
much,  if  not  perfect  justice  was  done  to  the 
principal  parts  for  soprano  and  baritone  by 
Miss  Evangeline  Florence  and  Mr.  George 
Holmes.  Praise  absolutely  unqualified  must 
be  bestowed  on  Miss  Fanny  Davies  for  her 
interpretation  of  Brahms' s  Pianoforte  Con- 
certo in  d  minor,  Op.  15.  Technically  and 
intellectually  it  was  a  noteworthy  achieve- 
ment. A  slip  inserted  in  the  programme 
book  was  calculated  to  astonish  the  audience. 
The  Philharmonic  Society  announces  that 
for  the  first  time  some  concerts  will  be  given 
this  year  in  the  autumn  as  well  as  in  the 
spring  and  summer.  We  have,  therefore, 
this  curious  pronouncement : — 

"Mr.  Henschel,  whose  orchestra  consists  to 
the  greater  part  of  members  of  that  of  the  Phil- 
harmonic Society,  begs  to  announce  that,  after 
the  termination  of  the  present  series,  his  orches- 
tral and  choral  concerts  will,  for  a  time  at  least, 
be  discontinued." 

Of  course  Mr.  Henschel  has  every  right  to 
discontinue  his  concerts,  especially  if  they 
do  not  pay  their  way ;  but  the  excuse  he 
gives  is  somewhat  insufficient,  for  there  are 
plenty  of  good  orchestral  players  who  would 
be  glad  to  accept  service  under  him  if  called 
upon. 

Apart  from  Dvorak's  Symphony  in  e 
minor,  '  From  the  New  World,'  the  second 
of  Mr.  Robert  Newman's  Symphony  Con- 
certs last  Saturday  afternoon  consisted  en- 
tirely of  Wagnerian  extracts.  We  had  the 
new  Venusberg  music  from  '  Tannhiiuser,' 
the  Prelude  and  Death  Song  from  '  Tristan 
und  Isolde,'  Tannhiiuser's  Pilgrimage,  the 
Trauermarsch  from  'Gottordamnierung,'  the 
<  >verture  to  'Die  Moistersinger,'  and  last, 
but  not  least,  a  lengthy  selection  from  the 
first  act  of  '  Parsifal,'  given  without  the 
vocal  parts.  Most  of  these  were  super- 
latively   well   played   under   Mr.  Henry  J. 


Wood's  direction «  but  the  'Parsifal1  si 
tion    teemed    rather    in    the   nature  of  a 
.  tor  the  music  is,  comparatively 
iking,  ineffective  without  thi  and 

■ 

The  novelty  at  last  Saturday  evening's 
Promenade  Oonoert  was  an  orchestra] 
titled  'Undine,1  by  M .  -  Amy 
llorrocks.  There  are  many  versions  of  this 
antique  fairy  story,  and  Miss  llorrocks,  a 
young  composer  of  no  mean  talents,  has 
dealt  with  it  in  her  own  way,  hand- 
ling her  materials  with  melodic  in- 
spiration and  plenty  of  vigour.  The 
orchestration  is  strenuous,  and,  we  might 
say,  masculine  rather  than  feminine.  The 
piece  was  received  with  much  favour,  and 
Miss  Amy  Horrocks  may  be  warmly  en- 
couraged to  persevere.  The  rest  of  the 
programme  consisted  of  familiar  materials, 
and  scarcely  calls  for  notice. 

The  most  admirably  equipped  of  our 
numerous  amateur  orchestral  and  choral 
societies,  that  known  by  the  name  of  the 
Stock  Exchange,  gave  an  exceedingly  credit- 
able concert  on  Tuesday,  thougb  the 
Society's  conductor,  Mr.  George  Kitchin, 
was  absent  on  account  of  ill  health.  His 
place  was  admirably  filled  by  Mr.  Arthur  W. 
Payne,  and  the  performance  of  one  of 
Haydn's  Symphonies  in  d,  from  the 
Salomon  set,  and  three  movements  from 
Schubert's  '  Posamunde '  music  would  not 
have  reflected  discredit  on  a  professional 
orchestra.  A  novelty  was  an  elegiac  over- 
ture, entitled  '  Les  Tenebres,'  by  Miss 
Swepstone.  The  clever  young  composer 
has  prefaced  her  score  by  a  few  words 
from  Tennyson's  'In  Memoriam.'  The 
piece  is,  therefore,  in  the  tragic  vein 
so  fashionable  at  present,  but  it  is  well 
scored,  and  the  themes,  if  not  particularly 
original,  are  put  together  with  a  musicianly 
hand.  Miss  Irma  Sethe  played  some  violin 
solos  with  pure  tone  and  intonation ;  and 
Prof.  Bridge  was,  of  course,  tin  exceptionable 
in  Handel's  spirited  Organ  Concerto  in  b  flat, 
No.  2,  from  the  first  set,  with  a  cadenza  from 
his  own  pen.  The  male-voice  choir,  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  S.  J.  Edwards,  gave 
some  glees  and  part-songs  with  delightful 
refinement. 

The  Poyal  Amateur  Orchestral  Society's 
Concert  on  Wednesday  evening  commenced 
with  a  series  of  items  by  Wagner.  This 
was  rather  an  innovation,  but  it  was,  on  the 
whole,  successful,  Mr.  George  Mount's  band 
giving  effective  performances  of  the  Yorspiel 
to  '  Tristan  und  Isolde '  (concert  version), 
the  Overture  and  March  from  '  Tannhiiuser,' 
and  a  sort  of  pasticcio  from  the  third  act  of 
'  Die  Meistersinger.'  Vocal  pieces  were  con- 
tributed in  commendable  fashion  by  Madame 
Alva  and  Mr.  George  Holmes,  but  they  should 
have  been  sung  in  German.  There  was 
nothing  in  the  second  part  to  call  for  notice. 


$luskal  gossip. 

Mr.  Lamon-p  again  showed  himself  a  master 
of  the  keyboard  at  his  fourth  and  last  pianoforte 
recital  in  St.  .James's  Hall  on  Tuesday  afternoon. 
His  rendering  of  Beethoven's  final  Sonata  in 
0  minor,  Op.  Ill,  was  perhaps  a  trifle  cold  ; 
but  from  a  technical  point  of  view  it  was  a 
remarkably  fine  performance,  and  the  same  may 
be  said  of  his  interpretation  of  Schubert's  Fan- 
tasia  in  c,  Op.  15.      Minor  pieces  by  several 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


223 


composers  were  included  in  a  programme  that 
should  have  drawn  a  larger  audience. 

Tschaikowsky's  Symphony  in  b  minor, 
'Pathe'tique,'  was  announced  for  repetition  at 
Sir  Charles  Halle's  Manchester  conceits  on 
Thursday  this  week.  The  work  seems  to  grow 
in  popularity  at  every  musical  centre. 

Mr.  Alfred  Schulz-Curtius  informs  us  that, 
owing  to  the  strong  recommendation  of  Frau 
Cosima  Wagner,  Herr  Carl  Pohlig,  of  Bayreuth, 
has  been  secured  by  the  Covent  Garden  Syn- 
dicate to  advise  and  assist  their  stage  manager 
in  the  mounting  and  general  production  of  the 
Wagner  performances  during  the  summer  season. 
It  is,  therefore,  reasonable  to  look  forward  to 
some  excellent  representations  of  the  Bayreuth 
master's  works. 

A  Pianoforte  Trio  in  a,  by  the  Russian  com- 
poser Paul  Pabst,  will  be  performed  for  the  first 
time  in  London  at  the  Walenn  chamber  concert 
in  the  Queen's  Hall  next  Tuesday  evening. 

Mlle.  Aim^e  Ferdinand  will  give  her  first 
evening  concert,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Ernest  Cavour,  at  St.  James's  Hall  on  March 
9th,  assisted  by  Mr.  Ben  Davies,  Miss  Florence 
Leoni,  Miss  Bonavia,  Signor  Panzani,  and  Herr 
Emil  Steger,  who  will  make  his  first  appearance 
on  the  London  concert  platform. 

We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Percy  Betts,  the  wife  of  one  of  the  most  esteemed 
musical  critics  on  the  London  press.  Mrs. 
Betts,  though  not  a  professional,  was  an  ex- 
cellent musician  and  the  eldest  of  three  sisters, 
the  second  being  the  well-known  vocalist  Miss 
Giulia  Warwick,  who  happily  still  survives. 
The  youngest,  Miss  Alexandra  Ehrenberg,  also 
an  admirable  vocalist  and  a  very  successful 
teacher,  passed  away  a  few  months  ago. 

Mr.  Eugen  d'Albert  has  completed  a  new 
opera  entitled  '  Gemot,'  which  is  to  be  produced 
at  Mannheim  in  April. 

Miss  Muriel  Elliot  seems  to  have  won 
golden  opinions  as  a  pianist  in  Berlin,  and  when 
she  returns  to  London  she  will  doubtless  re- 
appear as  an  executant  at  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity. 

The  death  is  announced  of  Joseph  W.  von 
Wasielewski,  who  will  best  be  remembered  by 
his  excellent  literary  works  on  Schumann.  He 
was  leader  of  the  orchestra  at  Dusseldorf  at  the 
time  when  Schumann  was  Kapellmeister  in  that 
town. 

The  composer  C.  Grammann,  born  in  1844 
at  Lubeck,  died  at  Dresden  on  the  31st  ult. 
His  best-known  work  is  the  romantic  opera 
'Melusine,'  first  performed  at  Wiesbaden  in 
1875.  Grammann  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer 
of  Wagner,  traces  of  whose  influence  are  to  be 
found  in  his  compositions. — We  also  hear  of  the 
death,  in  his  fifty-seventh  year,  of  the  popular 
concert  singer  Felice  Mancio.  He  was  a  native  of 
Turin,  and  took  part  in  the  Italian  revolutionary 
wars  of  liberation. 

The  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
Donizetti  will  be  celebrated  on  September  25th 
at  Bergamo,  his  native  town,  on  which  occasion 
a  monument  to  his  memory  will  be  unveiled. 
The  idea  of  a  Donizetti  exhibition  on  a  large 
scale  at  the  same  time  is  contemplated. 


DRAMA 


Mon. 
Teas. 

Wkd. 
Til  ai 
Far 


PERFORMA.M  US   MAI     WEEK. 
■  ral  Concert,  8.30,  Queen 'I  Hall 
Notional  Sunday  League  Concert,  7  Queen's  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7  30 
Orchestral  concert.  7  45.  Royal  College  of  Music 
Popular  Concert.  8.  St  James's  Hall 

Mi-h  I'.  A   Atkinson's  Pianoforte  Recital,  n.  Ktrinway  Hall 
Walenn  Quartet  Conceit.  8.  Queen's  .Small  Hall. 
Bt     cuiiifoert's   Hall    Choral    Society,    8,    Cade's    '  Erl    Kinx'i 

Daughter.'  Schubert's    song  of  Miriam,' &c 
Ron  Amateur  orchotial  Society's  Concert,  9,  Queen's  Hall. 
Pallad  Concert,  .1.  Bt  James's  Hall 
Miss  M  Shaw's  Recital,  H.  Queen's  Hall 
Herr  Werner's  Viol  In  Recital,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Mr  Renschel's  8ymphony  Concert,  8  SI  James's  Hall 

I'lunkct  Greene  and    Leonard    Borwlclt's  Rei 

Ht  James's  Hall 
Bohemian  String  Quartet  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall 
Mr  Dolmetsch's  Concert  on  Old  Instruments,  9,  No  0   Kennel 

Htrcet.  Illooinsbury 
Popular  Concert.  3.  St  James's  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  Symphony  Conceit   S 
Mrs  Stanton's  Concert.  3,  Queen's  Hall 
Orchestral  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Qnecn's  Hall 


THE  WEEK. 

LYRIC— 'The  Daughters   of   Babylon,'    a    Play  in   Four 
Acts.     By  Wilson  Barrett. 

More  scholarship  than  most  dramatists 
or,  for  the  matter  of  that,  scholars  possess 
is  requisite  to  put  before  us  in  dramatic 
guise  life  in  Babylonia  during  the  Jewish 
captivity.  Such  few  indications  as  are 
afforded  by  inspired  writers  or  the  frag- 
ments of  Berosus,  backed  up  by  recent 
excavations,  supply  possibly  materials  for 
an  animated  panorama.  Genius  such  as 
that  displayed  by  Byron,  say  in  '  Cain,'  is 
indispensable  if  the  figures  of  the  antique 
world  are  to  be  endowed  with  vitality.  Mr. 
Wilson  Barrett  is  not  a  Byron.  He  has 
gone  back  to  the  Babylonian  Talmud  for 
a  motive,  and  he  has  discovered  one  which 
is  doubtless  appropriate.  To  this  he  has 
given  what  claims  to  be  a  dramatic  exposi- 
tion in  front  of  a  floridly  coloured  picture 
of  Oriental  buildings  and  characters.  His 
Rabbinical  "  Mishna "  is,  however,  inter- 
preted in  action  by  men  of  to-day ;  the 
Oriental  atmosphere  is  confined  to  that 
supplied  by  the  scene  -  painter ;  and  the 
motives  by  which  the  characters  are  ani- 
mated are  wholly  inappropriate  and  in- 
conceivable. One  must  not,  of  course,  tie 
down  the  dramatist  too  closely.  The 
mere  fact  that  the  characters,  Babylonian 
or  Hebrew,  speak  our  language,  shows 
how  much  that  is  conventional  is  indis- 
pensable to  the  represented  drama.  Shak- 
speare  even  puts  English  country  gentle- 
men, the  predecessors  of  the  squires  of 
Fielding  and  Smollett,  in  Illyria  or  else- 
where. He  is  not,  however,  false  in  essen- 
tials. You  may  not  present  people  animated 
by  virtues  undreamt  of  in  their  time.  The 
inducements  to  action  of  many  of  Mr. 
Bai-rett's  characters,  and  the  atmosphere 
of  much  of  his  play,  are  Christian  at  a  time 
when  the  very  form  the  Redeemer  was  to 
take  had  not  been  anticipated.  Love  is,  of 
course,  immortal.  Had  Mr.  Barrett,  on  the 
lines  of  the  notion  he  has  adopted,  but 
not  shapen,  given  us  a  story  of  passion, 
fatefulness,  and  death,  or  of  ripe,  brief 
enjoyment,  he  might  with  no  great  diffi- 
culty have  achieved  a  work  that  would, 
for  a  time  at  least,  have  lasted.  He  had, 
however,  given  us  previously  '  The  Sign 
of  the  Cross,'  and  the  Church  has  bestowed 
its  benediction  upon  the  picture  of  pagan  licen- 
tiousness and  Christian  sentiment.  lie  must 
accordingly  do  the  same  again.  When  his 
hero  is  followed  to  Babylon  by  a  Jewish 
maiden  masquerading  in  boyish  gear,  who 
forfeits  her  life  in  so  doing,  he  delivers 
to  her  long  and  edifying  speeches. 
When  a  second  woman,  a  courtesan, 
enamoured  of  his  fatal  beaut}',  approaches 
him  with  solicitation,  he  lectures  her  on  the 
virtues  of  self-effacement  in  behalf  of  the 
beloved  object  in  a  manner  that  convinces 
her,  makes  her  ashamed  of  her  profession, 
and  induces  her  to  place  another  woman 
in  her  lover's  arms,  a  tiling  scarcely  to 
be  dreamed  of  in  those  Christian  days. 
Tho  result  is  that  the  play  is  foolish,  un- 
convincing, and  dull.  It  was  found  so  by 
Mr.  Barrett's  partisans,  numerous  and 
enthusiastic  as  these  are.  At  the  closo  of 
tho  piece  a  battlo  royal  was  fought  botweon 


the  contents  and  the  non-contents,  but  the 
contents,  even  though  they  were  in  a 
majority,  were  unmoved  during  the  per- 
formance. Not  a  solitary  touch,  indeed,  is 
there  of  genuine  passion  in  the  whole.  All 
is  frigid,  artificial,  unreal,  uninspired.  The 
scenery  is  excellent,  and  may  very  possibly 
convey  to  us  an  idea  as  good  as  we  are 
likely  to  get  of  Babylon,  with  its  hanging 
gardens  and  its  exuberant  life.  Martin 
scarcely  suggests  in  his  paintings  a  better 
notion  of  immeasurable  distance  lighted  by 
fiery  cressets  than  does  Mr.  Hann.  We 
are  not,  however,  speaking  now  from 
a  standpoint  of  scholarship,  nor  de- 
manding of  Mr.  Barrett  what  no  man, 
possibly,  can  give.  We  are  accepting  his 
own  position — that  of  trying  to  produce  a 
popular  and  an  edifying  play.  He  has 
given  us  instead  an  address  with  musical 
additions  and  a  picturesque  background,  but 
without  action,  sympathy,  or  interest.  We 
are  rather  tired  of  quoting  the  French 
maxim — 

Tous  les  gens  sont  bons  hors  le  genre  ennuyeux. 
To  "  le  genre  ennuyeux"  '  The  Daughters 
of  Babylon'  belongs.  Mr.  Wilson  can  be,  and 
is  frequently,  but  not  always,  picturesque;  he 
has  a  fine  voice  and  good  delivery.  These  gifts 
he  displayed.  Miss  Maud  Jeffries  played 
agreeably  a  species  of  Rosalind  part,  and 
Miss  Lily  Hanbury  looked  superb  as  a 
courtesan  ashamed  of  her  occupation. 


The  revival  of  '  Sweet  Nancy '  at  the  Court 
Theatre  proves  satisfactory  in  all  respects.  Miss 
Annie  Hughes's  performance  of  the  heroine  is 
one  of  the  pleasantest  exhibitions  of  comedy 
the  modern  stage  affords.  Mr.  Martin  Harvey 
is  excellent  as  Algernon,  and  Mr.  Maurice  as 
Sir  Roger  Tempest  adds  weight  to  the  cast. 
Miss  Beatrice  Ferrar  and  the  other  inter- 
preters of  the  children  are  all  lifelike.  The 
only  thing  to  be  resisted  is  a  tendency  to  overdo 
the  horseplay.  This  is  not  at  present  objec- 
tionable, but  a  very  little  more  would  make 
it  so. 

'  A  Bit  of  Old  Chelsea,  '  by  Mrs.  Oscar 
Beringer,  presents  pleasantly  enough  a  curiously 
feminine  reading  of  supposed  masculine  tempta- 
tions. A  young  sculptor,  on  the  eve  of  getting 
married,  shelters  in  pure  benevolence  a  female 
waif,  who  has  fainted  in  the  street  from  cold 
and  destitution.  She  is  a  comely,  vulgar,  good- 
hearted  flower-girl,  and  her  behaviour  under 
trying  circumstances  is  generous  and  womanly. 
We  hesitate,  however,  from  a  masculine  stand- 
point, to  put  much  faith  in  the  temptations  the 
hero  is  supposed  to  resist.  A  man  has  no  right  to 
hug  himself  on  his  virtue  for  sparing  the  woman 
he  has  sheltered  and  fed,  especially  when  her 
dress  and  surroundings  cannot  possibly  be  appe- 
tizing or  provocative.  The  piece,  which  precedes 
'  Sweet  Nancy, 'is  pretty  in  a  way,  and  is  capitally 
played  by  Mr.  Maurice  and  Miss  Annie  Hughes. 

This  evening  at  the  Garrick  Theatre  witnesses 
the  production  of  'My  Friend  the  Prince,'  Mr. 
Justin  Huntly  McCarthy's  alteration  of  'My 
Friend  from  India. ' 

Thk  same  evening  will  be  marked  by  the 
reappearance  at  the  Criterion  of  Mr.  Charles 
Wyndham  and  Miss  Mary  Moore. 

Thk  title  of  the  new  piece  of  Messrs.  .Jerome 
K.  Jerome  and  Eden  1  hillpotts,  to  be  played  at 
the  Globe  on  the  '25th  inst.,  is  'The  McHaggis.' 

Tin-,  first  performance  of  'Mariana,' by  Jose' 

Echegaray,  will  take  place  at  the  Court  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  22nd  inst.,  Miss  Elizabeth 
Koliins  playing  the  heroine,  and  Messrs.  Her- 
mann Vezin,  11.  15.  Irving,  James  Welch,  Martin 


224 


T  II  K     ATIIKNjEUM 


N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


ll.irvcy,  and  (i.  Bancroft  being  included  in  tho 
cost. 

1  i  n's  latest  play,  'John Gabriel  Borkman,1 
is  to  ho  given  by  Miss  Robiua  immediately  after 
Beater. 

Mit.   ll\i:i  >  Buooen  on  tho  second  visit  to 

America  scums  to  have  been  more  conspicuous 
than     on     the    first  The      announcement      is 

accordingly   made    that   a    third    trip  will   begin 

next   autumn   under  tba  management  of  Mr. 

Charles  Frohman.  Eccles  in  '  Casto '  is  the 
character  in  which  Mr.  Hare  has  made  his  most 
conspicuous  triumph.  Wo  in  this  country  can 
point  to  other  characters  in  which  we  think 
even  higher  triumphs  have  been  achieved. 

Du.  Kihakii  Jacobsox,  one  of  the  most 
popular  of  German  humorous  playwrights,  died 
at  Berlin  on  January  29th.  He  was  born  in 
1833  at  Gross-Strelitz  in  Upper  Silesia,  and 
studied  medicine  at  Berlin,  but  after  taking  his 
degree  devoted  himself  to  writing  for  the  stage. 
His  farce  of  '500,000  Teufel'  had  a  run  of 
three  hundred  successive  performances  in  Berlin 
alone. 

MISCELLANEA 

Sonthey's  Three  Bears. — If  your  correspondent 
Dr.  R.  du  Bois  -  Reymond  will  look  at  '  More 
English  Fairy  Tales,'  edited  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Jacobs  (London,  1894),  he  will  find  in  '  Scrape- 
foot  '  (text,  pp.  85-90  ;  notes,  pp.  228-29)  what 
I  am  convinced  is  the  only  surviving  example 
of  the  story  in  its  original  form.  The  problems 
connected  with  this  version  are  so  numerous 
and  so  far-reaching  in  character  as  to  make  it 
the  most  interesting  folk-tale  that  has  been 
collected  in  England  during  the  past  half- 
century,  which  is  doubtless  the  reason  why  it 
has  been  almost  entirely  overlooked  by  folk- 
lorists. 

Will  you  allow  me  to  demur  to  your  reviewer's 
censure  (in  your  last  issue)  of  Mrs.  Clark  for 
"fine  writing"  in  her  retelling  of  Maori 
legends  ?  If  he  will  look  at  White  or  Tregear 
he  will  find  that  the  Maori  rhapsodists  were 
masters  of  an  extremely  florid  and  imaginative 
style.  Mrs.  Clark  has  rather  simplified  than 
accentuated  the  rhetorical,  poetic  character  of 
her  originals.  Alfred  Nutt. 


To  Correspondents.— V.  W.— A.  H.  Q.— W.  E.  &  C.  II.— 
C.  V.  O.— P.  H.  P.  C— S.  P.— received. 
G.  F. — We  cannot  undertake  to  answer  such  questions. 

THE     MILITARY    and    NAVAL     MEDAL 
MAGAZINE  and  BRIC-A-BRAC  JOURNAL.    Vol.  II. 
Contents  of  JANUARY  Number,  1897. 
The  LOYAL  LONDON  VOLUNTEERS.  1798-1814. 
BRITISH    BOOTH    AFRICA   CO.'S    MEDAL    for    OPERATIONS    in 

HATABBLBLAND,  18M 
The  PENINSULAS  WAR  MEDAL. 
SALE   of   LORD  DAVID   KENNEDY'S    COLLECTION,  with   PRICES 

KI..W.IZK1) 
LIST  of  OFFICERS  who  RECEIVED  GOLD  MEDALS. 
MINIATUKK  PAINTING  :  it*  Early  History  and  Development. 
LEGENDS  of  ENGLISH  SILVER  COINS. 
AUTOGRAPH  COLLECTING. 

Published  Monthly     Subscription,  10s.  per  annum,  post  free. 
CO,  Colfe-road,  Forest-hill,  8.E. 


H 


IMPORTANT  WORK  RELATING  TO  GLAMORGANSHIRE. 

ISTORY      of      MARGAM      ABBEY. 

From  the  Original  Documents  in  the  British  Museum, 

H  M.  Record  Ortice,  the  Margam  Muniments,  &c. 

With   numerous  Illustrations  and  Reproductions. 

DB  GRAY  11IRCH,  LL.D.  F.8  A  ,  of  the  liritish  Museum. 

Nearly  ready,  In  1  vol.  large  8vo. 

Pi  lee  to  Subscribers  before  issue,  One  Guinea. 


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PUBLICATIONS       NODVELLES      de 

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la 


LE  ROI  DAVID.     Par   M.  Marcel   Dieulafoy, 

membic  de  llnslitut     1  vol.  in-10,  brocW,  3fr.  60. 

L'ANN  RE  CARTOGRAPHIQOE  de  P.  RCHHADER. 

<  ■  ■ "  i  <  ■  1 1 ;  1 1 1 1  lea  modlflcrtiona  gtfognphlquei  M  polltiquM  dervmtfc 
181*5.    '1  inly  leuillctt  de  cartes,  avec  text©  cxplicatif  au  tlos    Pria  3  Ir, 

NOUVEAU    DICTIONNAIRB   de    GEOGRAPHIE 

DNIYBB8ELXB       Par    MM.     VIVIEN     de    SAINT  MARTIN     ct 
ROU8BELET  (Lords) 
Mise  en  vente  de*  .'.<■  at   Be  nuolonjee  de   si  IMPLEMENT  (llcrlln- 
CarolineJ.    Chaquc  fascicule  in  I.  broehtf,  -Ir.  50. 

DICTIONNAIRE   de  CHIMIN   PURE  et  APPLI- 

Ul'LT.     PlrH    am   WURTZ      DEUXIBMB  SUPPLSUBNT pnblM 

sous    la  direction  do    M.   (,'H.    l'lti  l.MI.I,     n,inr    de    l'lii>utut 

i  Loademle   4ei   sd<  i  i    fascicule   (Ethylldene-Exploslfs). 

Uhuiiue  fascicule  ins,  broclu',  -Ir. 


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2,  WHITEHALL-GARDENS,  S.W. 


226 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:\  a-:  i:  m 


X  3616,  I'i  b.  13,  '97 


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BY    M  VI   HI  ^  JOKAI. 

The    GREEN    BOOK;    or,    Freedom 

under  «b«  8oow.      Bj  Dr.  MAUBU8  JOKAL 
Translated bj If rcWAUGH  (BL.LI8  WEIGH  i  . 
With  Engraved  Portrait  of  Dr.  J6kai  (Author- 
ized Edition).     C.'r.  Svo.  art  linen,  tfilt  top,  6*. 
[first  Two  Bditiotu  exhausted  on  publication. 
"  'TheOreen  Hook'  is  an  historical  roinainc  ot    lb*   early 
part  ol  t  ho  cent  nry,  and  deplete  in  a  graphic  and   soioet  ImM 
lurid    manner   the    political    lite  ot    BuMta  during    the   c.n- 
spirucies  of  1834  and  1836.    Pushkin,  the  well-known  Russian 
|Hict,    is   the  hero  of  the   book,  and    the    majority   of    male 
characters,   at   least,   are   personages   who    ligured    in    the 
st  irring  events  of  the  time.     At  a  moment  w  hen  Russia  and 
things   Russian   figure    so    largely  in    the    public   press,   and 
exercise  so  powerful  a  sway  over   the    national    Imagination, 
the  publication o(  this  brilliant  picture  of  Bussiau  Society 
will  be  specially  opportune." 

BY  SARAH  TYTLEB. 

LADY   JEAN'S    SON.    By  Sarah 

TYTLEK,  Author  of  'Lady  Jean's  Vagaries, ' 
'  The   Bride's   Pass,'  '  Lady  Bell,'  «  Buried   Dia- 
monds,' &c.     Crown  8vo.  art  linen,  gilt  top,  (>.<. 
"The  glimpses  of  Edinburgh  Society,  while  the  Northern 
Athens  was  still  the  seat  of  fashion,  are  lifelike  and  clever. 
'  Lady  Jean's  Sou  '  is  from  first  to  last  a  delightful  story." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 
BY  MAURUS  JOKAI. 

BLACK    DIAMONDS.     By    Maurus 

JOKAI.     THIRD  EDITION.     Crown  8vo.  art 

linen,  gilt  top,  G$. 

"  It  is  so  well  written,  so  abounding  in  all  sorts  of  special 

knowledge,  and  displays  so  much  real  literary  power,  that 

we  never    feel   tempted  to  leave  any  of  its  pages  unread. 

There  are  some  extremely  fine  descriptive  passages  in   the 

book Maurus  Jokai  is  absolutely  original  in  thought  and 

treatment." — Daily  Chronicle. 

BY  MRS.  LEITH  ADAMS. 

COLOUR    SERGEANT   No.   1   COM- 
PANY.   By  Mrs.  LEITH  ADAMS,  Author  of 
'Bonnie    Kate,'    'Louis    Draycott,'    'Geoffrey 
Stirling,'  &c. 
"  In  this  story  Mrs.   Leith  Adams  deals  with   materials 
which   she   has   treated   with   distinguished   success.      The 
scenes  of  barrack  life  in  Ireland  during  the  Fenian  scare  are 
good,  and  it  would  be  difficult  to  conceive  anything  of  the 
kind  that  is  better."— .VztMrrfay  Kevieic. 

London  :  JARROLD  &  SONS,  10  and  11,  Warwick- 
lane,  E.C.     Of  all  Booksellers  and  at  the  Libraries. 

ROBERT     BUCHANAN'S 
NOTE  FOR  B00KBUYER8. 

February,  1897. 

I  have  already,  in  my  January  address  to  Bookbuyers, 
given  particulars  of  my  new  and  forthcoming  publications. 
The  only  work  among  them  not  written  by  mvself  is  the 
new  story  by  "  CHARLES  MARLOWE,"  entitled 

THE  STRANGE  ADVENTURES 
OF  MISS  BROWN, 

which  was  issued  a  few  days  ago  In  long  octavo,  price  3s.  6d. 
The  well-known  farcical  comedy,  produced  in  1895  and  still 
running,  was  founded  on  this  tale,  which  is  an  unpretentious 
and  amusing  bit  of  tomfoolery,  full  of  funny  incidents  and 
amusing  situations. 

The  first  CHEAP  EDITIONS  of 

ST.  ABE  AND  HIS  SEVEN  WIVES 

(price  2s.  iid.  net)  and 

THE     OUTCAST 

(price  4s.  6d.  net) 
will  be  on  the  market  next  week.  ST.  ABE  will  contain  a 
bibliographical  note  and  Houghton's  fine  Frontispiece,  and 
THE  OUTCAST  will  contain  most  of  the  original  illustra- 
tions. Orders  can  now  be  received  for  these  works,  and  also 
for  my  shortly  forthcoming  new  l'oem, 

THE 
BALLAD  OF  MARY  THE  MOTHER : 

A  Christmas  Carol, 

which  will  be  issued,  with  Frontispiece,  at  4s.  6d.  net. 
A  Full  List  of  my  Publications  can  be  had  on  application. 
In  answer  to  many  Inquiries,  I  wish  to  inform  Book-buyers 

COMPLETE  POETICAL  WORKS 
SELECTED  POEMS, 

at  present  entirely  out  of  print,  will  be  reprinted  as  speedily 
as  possible. 

I  have  nothing  more  to  add  this  week,  except  a  word  of 
thanks  to  I  be  Wholesale  and  Retail  Booksellers,  from  «  honi  I 

have  received  t be  utmost  help  and  sympathy.    It  the  public 

really  wants  a  book,  the  good   Booksellers  arc  ordv  too  eager 

to  supply  ii ,  even  if  it  be  manufactured  by  the  Devil,  or  by 

his  poet  laureate. 

ROBERT  BUCHANAN. 
London  :  36,  Gerrard-street,  Shaftesbury-avenue,W. 


OLIPIIANT,  ANDERSON  &  FERRIER, 


FAMOUS  SCOTS.— New  Volumes. 


TUB   TRUTH  ABOUT  BOSWBLL. 
This  Day,  It.  <id.  cloth  ;  2i  64.  cloth  extra,  gilt  top. 

JAMES     BOSWELL.       By   W.    Keith 

LBASK. 
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well   be  a  more   complete    and   caret ully  wrought    picture 
of  Botwell." 

The  Morning  I-ender  says:— "The  defence  of  Boswell  in 
bis  delightful  study  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  convincing 
passages  that  have  recently  appeared  in  the  field  of  British 
biography." 

In  the  same  Series,  1».  W.  and  2s.  <jd. 

SIR  JAMES    Y.    SIMPSON.      By  his 

Daughter.  BVE  BLANTYRE-SIMr-SO.V 
The  Daily  Chronicle  says:— "It  is  indeed  long   since  we 
have  read  such  a  charmingly  written    biography.     There  is 
not  a  dull,  irrelevant,  or  superfluous  page." 

THOMAS   CHALMERS.     By  Prof. 

W.GARDEN  BLAIKIE,  D.D. 
The  Bookseller  says:— "  Dr    Blaikie   gives   us  a  very  com- 
plete view  of  Chalmers's  wonderful  career." 


TWO  NEW  NOVELS. 
FOR  STARK  LOVE  and  KINDNESS. 

A  Story  of  Flodden.      By  N.  ALLAN  MACDONALD. 
6s. 
The  British  Weekly  says:— "A  romantic  tale  of  Flodden, 
boldly  conceived,  with  plenty  of  love,  villainy,  and  adven- 
ture." 

MBS.  L.  T.  MEADE'S  NEW  STOBY. 

A    GIRL  in  TEN    THOUSAND. 

L.  T.  MEADE.    Cloth  extra.  2s.  6d. 


By 


THE  FAR  EAST. 

The  Times  says  of  '  A  Cycle  of  Cathay  ':— "  It  is,  perhaps, 
the  most  valuable  contribution  that  has  been  made  to  our 
knowledge  of  China  in  recent  years." 

A  CYCLE  of  CATHAY :  China,  South 

and   North.      With    Personal     Reminiscences.       Bv    the 
Bev.  W.  A.    P.    MABTIN.    D.D.    LL.D..    E\-Pr 
Emeritus   of    the   Imperial    Tungwen    College,    Pekin. 
With  Map  and  numerous  Illustrations,  7s.  6d. 

FROM   FAR   FORMOSA:    its   Island, 

its  People,  and  Missions.  By  GEOBGE  LESLIE 
MACKAY,  D.D.,  tweuty-three  years  a  Missionary  in 
Formosa.  Edited  by  Bev.  J.  A.  MACDONALD.  Third 
Edition.     With  Portraits,  Illustrations,  and  Maps,  7s.  W. 

PERSIAN    LIFE    and    CUSTOMS. 

With  Scenes  and  Incidents  of  Besidence  and  T: 
the  Land  of  the  Lion  and  the  Sun.     By  S.  G.  WILSOH, 
M.A.,   fifteen    years   a   Missionary    in   Persia.      Second 
Edition.      Demy  8vo.  gilt  top,  with  Map  aud  Illustra- 
tions, 7s.  6d.  

OL1PHANT,  ANDERSON  k  FERRIER, 
21,  Paternoster-square,  E.C. ;  and  Edinburgh. 


OX   WEDNESDAY  NEXT  WILL  HE  PUBLISHED. 

THE     NEWSPAPER     PRESS     DIRECTORY 

J.  fori*:       Firt'Y-SECOND  ANNUAL  ISSUE.) 

Price  it, ;  or  post  free,  30  stamps. 
Messrs    C.  Mitchell  &  Co.  12  and  13,  Red  Lion-court,   Fleet-street. 
London,  E.C. 

Just  published,  profusely  illustrated,  post  8ro.  price  6s. 

THE  LIFE  of  FRIDTJOF  NANSEN,  SCIENTIST 

1  and  EXPLOKEK  By  J  Alt  Tin  U  KA1N.  Bookseller.  Sheffield 
Author  of  -The  Nansens ' .(Idler,  March  18(6).  ■  Fru  Nansen  .W 
Magamt,  November.  1896),  and  "A  Talk  with  Dr  Nansen  (Strand 
Magazine.  Christinas,  1S96). 

London    Simpkin.  Marshall.  Hamilton,  Kent  &  Co  ,  Limited. 
Sheffield  :  J   Aithur  Bain 


Just  published.  I  vols  Svo  prlc< 

THE    WILDERNESS    and    its    TENANTS:     a 

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London  :  Simpkin.  Marshall,  Hamilton.  Kent  at  Co.,  Limit. 

THE       SWAN       FOUNTAIN       PEN, 

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N°3616,  Feb.  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


227 


IMPORTANT   NOTICE. 

Mr.    T.    FISHER    UN  WIN   has    pleasure   in 

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Published  at  11.  Is.,  and  as  the  stock  got  low  the  price  was  raised  to  10J.  10s. 
Now  offered  for  SI.  3s.  cash. 

THE    ROYAL    HOUSE    OF    STUART. 

SKELTON'S  SUPERBLY  ILLUSTRATED 
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228 


T  II  E    AT  II  K\.i:r  M 


X  3616,  Feb.  13,  '07 


SMITH,    ELDKR    &    CO.'S    P  I;  15  L  I  CATIONS. 


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The  AGE  of  the  DESPOTS.    By  the  late  John 

ADDINGTON  SYMONDS.     Large  crown  8vo.  7s.  6d.  [Shortly. 

V  This  U  Volume  I.  of  a  NEW  and  CHEAPER  EDITION  of  "  The  RENAISSANCE 
in  ITALY,"  in  7  vols,  large  crown  8vo.  7s.  Gd.  each.  The  remaining  Volumes  will  be 
published  at  intervals. 

FROM    GRAVE   to    GAY:    being   Essays    and 

Studies  concerned  with  Certain  Subjects  of  Serious  Interest,  with  the  Puritans,  with 
Literature,  and  with  the  Humours  of  Life,  now  for  the  first  time  Collected  and 
Arranged.     By  J.  ST.  LOE  STRACHEY.     Crown  8vo.  6s.  [Shortly. 

The    HAWARDEN    HORACE.     By  Charles  L. 

GRAVES,  Author  of  '  The  Blarney  Ballads,'  '  The  Green  Above  the  Red,'  '  More 
Hawarden  Horace,'  &c.     FOURTH  EDITION.     Crown  8vo.  3s.  6d. 


CHEAP  EDITIONS  OF 
STANDARD  WORKS. 

Handy  Volumes,  printed  in  c!«-ar,  bold 
OB  good  paper. 
Each  work  complete  in  One  Volume. 

■arc  bnardt,  St.  each  ;  or 
li ni/>  red  cloth,  tt.  6d.  i 
By  HENEY  SETON  MEREIMAN. 

Wl  lit    EDGED  TOOL*  I  ROM    ON 

Hi.-  M.W  I.  ..I  Om  LAMP  I ION  t',  AVii  I 

By  the  Author  of  '  MOLLY  BAWN.' 

Mill. I. Y    U  »N  PHYLLIS 

MH8    OEOFFBBT  1  LA 

AIRY   FAIRY  LILM'-  lYSF. 

DoRls  I  BBA1   11   -   DAUG HTERg. 

GREEN  PLBABI  UK  and  GR1  \   GRIEJ 

1AIIH  and   I. MAI  I  It        LADY   lilt  \N  KSMP.RE 

LOYH    I.'ihii  BERRESFORD,  and  other  Tales. 

UNDKKCI  Rltl.N  I  s 

Ey  GEORGE  GISSING. 

DBMOfl    a  Btory  ^l  -  .and. 

A  LIFE'S  MORNING       |  I  in  I 

I  he  NKIHI.K  WOULD      M.W  GRUB  STREET. 

By  the  Author  of  '  MEHALAH.' 

MEHAI.AH     a  Story  «'  t,ie  *»"  M:' 
COURT  ROYAL  The  GAVEII 

JOHN   HERRING  I  RICHARD  CABLE. 

By  W.  E  N0BBIS. 

HEAPS  of  MONEY  MATRIMONY 

MADEMOISELLE  1)E  Ml .1 

NO  NEW    11IIM,  [AM   YIDAL 

By  HAMILTON  AIDE. 

IN    THAT  STATE  oJ  LIFE.  |  PENHUDDOCKB. 

MORALS  and  MYSTKRI1  B 

Mil    and  MRS    FAULCON  BRIDGE. 

By   the  Author  of  '  JOHN   HALIFAX, 
GENTLEMAN 

ROMANTIC  TALKS  |  DOMB8TIC  STORIES. 

By  HOLME  LEE. 

AGAINST  WIND  and  TIDE 

SYLVAN   HOLT'S  DAUGHTER 

KVIHIE  BRANDS  I  WARP  and  WOOF. 

ANN  IS  WARLEIGH'S  FORTUNES 

The  WORTLEBANK  DIARY. 

BASIL   GODFREY'S  CAPRICE 

MAUDE  TALBOT.  \  COUNTRY'  STORIES 

KATHERINE  S  TRIAL    '  MR  WYNYARDS  WARD. 

The  BEAUTIFUL  MISS  HARRINGTON. 

BEN  MILNER'S  WOOING 


The  COMPLETE  WORKS    of  ROBERT   BROWNING.     Edited  and   Annotated  by  Augustine 

BIRRELL,  Q.C.  M.P.,  and  FREDERIC  G.  KENYON.     In  2  vols,  large  crown  8vo.  bound  in  cloth,  gilt  top,  with  a  Portrait-Frontispiece  to  each  Volume,  It.  6<i.  per  Volume. 

UNIFORM  EDITION  of  ROBERT  BROWNING'S  WORKS,  in   17  vols,  crown  8vo.  bound  in  sets,  4/.  5*.;   or  the 


*#*  Also   the 
Volumes  bound  separately,  5s.  each. 

MRS.  E.  B.  BROWNING'S 
POETICAL  WORKS. 

UNIFORM  EDITION. 
6  vols,  small  crown  8vo.  5s.  each. 

This  Edition  is  uniform  with  the  Seventeen-Yolume 
Edition  of  Mr  Robert  Browning's  Works  It  contains 
the  following  Portraits  and  Illustrations : — 

Portrait  of 'Elizabeth  Barrett  Moulton- Barrett  at  the 
Age  of  Nine— Cnxhoe  Hall.  County  of  Durham— Por- 
trait of  Elizabeth  Barrett  Moulton-Barrett  in  Early 
Youth— Portrait  of  Mrs  Browning.  Rome,  February, 
1859— Hope  End,  Herefordshire— Sitting-room  in  Casa 
Gnidi,  Florence — '  May's  Love.'  Facsimile  of  Mrs. 
Browning's  Handwriting— Portrait  of  Mrs.  Browning. 
Rome,  March,  1859— Portrait  of  Mrs  Browning.  Rome, 
1861— The  Tomb  of  Mrs.  Browning  in  the  Cemetery  at 
Florence 

•#*  Vol.  VI.— Aurora  Leigh— can 

also  be  had  bound  and  lettered  as  a  separate  volume. 

A   Selection   from  the  Poetry  of 

ELIZABETH  BARRETT  BROWNING.     First  and 
Second  Series.    Crown  8vo  3s.  6d.  each 

Poems    by   Elizabeth    Barrett 

BROWNING.    Fcap.  8vo.  half-cloth,  cut  or  uncut 
edges,  lj. 


LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF 

CHARLOTTE,  EMILY,  AND 

ANNE  BRONTE. 

LIBRARY  EDITION. 

7  vols,  each  containing  5  Illustrations,  large 
crown  8vo.  5s.  each. 

Jane  Eyre.  I       Shirley. 

Villette. 

Tenant  of  Wildfell  Hall. 

Wuthering  Heights. 

The  Professor;  and  Poems. 

Life  of  Charlotte  Bronte. 

♦.*  Also  the  POPULAR  EDITION,  in  7  vols,  small 
post  8vo.  limp  cloth,  or  cloth  boards,  gilt  top,  2.t.  6d 
each.  And  the  POCKET  EDITION,  in  7  vols,  small 
fcap.  8vo.  each  with  a  Frontispiece,  bound  in  half- 
cloth,  with  cut  or  uncut  edges.  Is.  fid.  per  Y'olumc  ;  or 
the  set  bound  in  cloth,  with  gilt  top,  in  gold-lettered 
cloth  case,  12s.  6d. 


MISS   THACKERAY'S 
WORKS. 

UNIFORM  EDITION. 
Each  volume  illustrated  by  a  Vignette  Title- 
page.    10  vols,  large  crown  8vo.  6s.  each. 
1. 
2. 
3. 


MRS.   GASKELL'S 
WORKS. 

ILLUSTRATED  EDITION. 

7  vols,  each    containing    4    Illustrations, 
crown  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each,  bound  in  cloth. 

Wives  and  Daughters. 


OJd  Kensington 

The  Village  on  the  Cliff. 

FrI?Nc°Eld  Friends  and  a  Young  jf^JJ  ^J  £"-£" 

To  Esther,  and  other  Sketches.     Sylvia's  Lovers. 

Keys,    and     other    Cranfoi'd,  and  other  Tales 


5.  Bluebeard's 

6.  Thfstory  of  Elizabeth;  Two  ?a,7  Barton,  and  otl 


HOURS  ;  FROM  an  ISLAM) 


Ruth,  and  other  Tales. 


7.  Toilers  and  Spinsters,  and  other  Lizzie  Leigh,  and  other  Tales. 

Q  Ml...     A      „    i         ti     li.             t  I      *.*  Also  the  POFULUt  EDITION,  in  7  vols,  small 

o.  1V11SS   Allgel;     rUlham    Lawn.  postsvo   Umpclotb.  or  cloth  boards,  gilt  top.: 

n  »f-_  virir                   »      r>-         ..    i.-  each.    And  the  POCKET  EDITION,   in  8  vols    small 

»•  MISS  WllliamSOn  S  UlVagatlOnS.  leap    Bto     bound   in    half-cloth,    with   cut   or  nncut 

in  T\/r..r,     r».,w,,».,J  "iaaa,  ls.64  per  Volume,  or  the  set  bound  in  cloth, 

It).  MIS.    JjymOnCl.  with  gilt  top.  in  gold-lettered  cloth  case,  14... 


W.      M.      THACKERAY'S      WORKS. 

THE   POPULAR   EDITION.  The  STANDARD  EDITION. 


In  13  vols,  crown  8vo.  with  Frontispiece  to  each  volume,  5s.  each.    Sets  handsomely  bound 

in  scarlet  cloth,  gilt  top,  31.  5s.  ;  or  in  half-morocco,  gilt,  bl.  10s. 

COXTEXTS  OF  THE  VOLUMES. 

0.  The  BOOK  of  SNOBS  and  SKETCHES  of  LIFE 
and  CHARACTER,— The  Book  of  Snobs ; 
Sketches  and  Trarels  in  London;  Character 
Sketches;  Mens  Wives;  The  FitlDOOdle 
Papers;  The  liedford  Etow  Conspii  acy ;  A 
Little  Dinner  at  Tlmmins's. 

10.  ROUNDABOUT  PAPBB8  and  LECTURES  — 
Roundabout  Papers,  The  l'mir  Georges  j  the 
BugUgli  Hmnuurists  <>r  ihe  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury ;  The  see  ml  Funeral  of  Napoleon. 

U.  CATHERINE,  kO.  —  Catherine  ;  I.ovell  the 
Widower;  Denis  Duval  .  Ballads;  The  Wolves 
and  the  Lamb:  Critical  Kcviews,  Little 
Travels  and  Roadside  Sketches. 

12.  CHRISTMAS  BOOKS— Mrs.  Perkins's  Ball,  Dr. 
Birch  ,  Our  Street  j  The  KieUlehurys  on  the 
It  In  rn'  ,  The  Hose  and  the  tUnjf. 

18.  MISCELLANEOUS  B8SAYS;  Sketobei  and  Re- 
views ,  Contributions  to  Punch, 


1.  VANITY  FAIR. 

B.  The  HI8TORY  of  PEVDENN1S. 

3.  The  NEWCOMI'.S 

4.  ESMOND  and  BARRY  LYNDON. 
8.  The  VIRGINIANS. 

6.  The   ADVENT!  RES    of    PHILIP,  to    which    is 
prefixed  a  Shabby  Genteel  story 

7.  PARIS.     IRISH,  and  BABTB&H    BKHTCHE8 
Paris  Sketch-Book  ;  Irish  Sketch-Book  ,   Cornhill  to 
Cairo. 

8.  HOOGARTY     III  A  MUNI),      YE1.LO  WPLU8H 

papers,  and  BURLE8U1  Ks    The  Greal    Boggart/ 

Diamond;  Y'cllowplush  Papers,  NOTall  bj  inn 
ncnt  Hands;  Jeanies't,  Diary;  Adventures  of  Major 
Gahagan ;  A  Legend  of  the  Rhine;  ltebpcca  and 
Rowcna  ;  The  BJstorf  OJ  the  Next  I'rench  Revo- 
lution ;  Cox's  Diary;  The  Fatal  Boots. 


Twenty-six  Volumes,  large  Bvo.  Ids.  ei/.  each.  This  Edition  contains  some  of  Mr. 
Thackeray's  Writings  which  had  not  previously  been  collected,  with  many  additional 
Illustrations. 

The  LIBRARY  EDITION. 

Twenty-four  Volumes,  large  crown  Svo.  handsomely  bound  in  cloth,  M. ;  or  half-russia, 
marbled  edges,  132.  13s.  With  Illustrations  by  the  Author,  Richard  Doyle,  and 
Frederic  Walker. 

*#*  The  Volumes  are  sold  separately,  in  cloth,  7s.  cW.  each. 

The  CHEAPER  ILLUSTRATED  EDITION. 

Twenty-six  Volumes,  bound  in  cloth,  1/.  lis.;  or  handsomely  boond  in  half-morocco, 
SI.  Bt,  *.*  The  Volumes  are  sold  separately,  in  cloth,  3s.  t'xi.  each. 

The  POCKET  EDITION. 

Twenty-seven  Volumes,  small  fcap.  Svo.  bound  in  cloth,  with  gilt  top.  Is.  6i.  each. 

The  Volumes  are  also  supplied  as  follows  : — 

The  NOVELS.    13  vols,  in  gold- 1  The  MISCELLANIES.  14  vols. 

Uttered  cloth  case,  °ls.  in  gold-lettered  cloth  case,  21s. 


It-    * 


Messrs.  SMITH,  ELDER  &   CO.  will  be  happy  to  forward  a  Copy  of  their  CATALOGUE  post  free  on  application. 

London:    SMITH,  ELDER  &  CO.  15,  Waterloo-place,  S.w! 


Editorial  Communications   should  be   addressed  to   "The   Editor "  —  Advertisements  and   Business   Letters   to   "The   Publisher  " —at  Uie  Office.    Breams-buildings,   Chancery-lane,  E.C. 
Printed  by  Joun  Edwjed  FnANcis,  Athena-um  Prcs«.  Bream's-hulldlngs.  Chancery-lane,  B.C.;  and  Published  by  Johk  C.  Famcis  at  Bream's  building*,  Chancery-lane,  B.C. 
Agents  torScoruND,  Messrs    Bell  &  Bradfute  and  Mr.  John  Menzies.  Edinburgh— Saturday,  February  13.  189". 


THE   ATHEN^UM 

Scmmal  of  (ZBnglteij  antr  ^orefgn  literature,  gctence,  tfie  dflne  ®m,  j&wit  anb  tfre  3trama* 


No.  3617. 


SATURDAY,    FEBRUARY    20,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


GERMAN,  YOUNG,  wants  to  GIVE  LESSONS 
in  his  Language.    Very  moderate  terms.    Excellent  references- 
Address  H.  W.,  5.  Hasker-street,  Walton-street,  Chelsea. 

GRADUATE.  Classical  Honours,  TEACHES 
CLAS8ICS  and  GERMAN,  and  Prepares  for  Examinations  He 
■would  also  be  willing  to  accept  Tutorial  or  Travelling  Engagements 
Tor  Faster  or  Summer  Vacations—  J5.  G,  30,  Lower  Belgrave-street, 
Eaton-square. 

WANTED,    EASY   LITERARY   WORK    for 
spare  honrs  —  Cantab  ,  care  of  A.  J.  Isard,  Esq  ,  Solicitor,  14, 
Queen-street,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  with  some  literary  and  business 
experience  and  small  capital,  wishes  to  JOIN  PUBLISHING 
FIRM  —  Address  No.  B.  4,  Keith  &  Co.,  Advertising  Agents,  Edinburgh. 

J  IT  ERA  RY.— To  Young  and  other  Authors, 
Jt  Members  of  Universities.  &c  —A  NEW  MAGAZINE  (Science, 
1'lctinn,  &c  )  REQUIRE8  CONTRIBUTORS  Names  and  particulars— 
not  MS.— in  first  instance  to  Editor,  Harrington,  Oxford  Union  Society. 

E-ENGAGEMENT  as  ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN 

WANTED  by   YOUNG   MAN.     Knowledge  of  Dewey  System. 
Excellent  testimonials. — Davy,  24,  Bethune-road,  London,  N. 

7    LANGEFNI      COUNTY      SCHOOL. 


R 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  MASTER  for  the  above  School.  Candidates 
must  be  Graduates,  and  must  not  be  over  35  years  of  age. — Applications 
and  testimonials  (25  copies  of  each)  to  be  in  the  hands  of  the  under- 
signed, from  whom  further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  on  or  before 
March  13.  R.  H   WILLIAMS, 

Clerk  to  the  Anglesey  County  Governing  Body. 

4,  Stanley-crescent,  Holyhead,  February  16,  1897. 

KARACHI,  INDIA.— SIND  MADRESSEH 
(MAHOMEDAN  COLLEGE). 

A  PRINCIPAL  WANTED  for  the  above  State-aided  Institution. 
Must  be  a  Graduate  in  Honours  of  a  British  University,  and  not  more 
than  35  years  of  age  He  will  be  required  to  teach  English  Literature, 
Mathematics,  and  Elementary  Science.  Salary  Rs  450  per  mensem, 
rising  by  biennial  increments  of  Rs.  50  to  Rs  700  per  mensem.  A  house 
will  shortly  be  provided  rent  free,  and  in  the  interim  rent-free  quarters 
will  be  provided.    60/.  allowed  for  passage  money. 

Applications  will  be  received  up  to  March  10  by  Sir  James  Peile, 
India  Office.  London,  from  whom  further  particulars  as  to  the  appoint- 
ment may  be  obtained. 


u 


NIVERSITY    COURT    of    ST.   ANDREWS. 


u 


The  Court  propose  to  appoint  a  PROFESSOR  to  the  BERRY  CHAIR 
of  ENGLISH  LITERATURE,  recently  instituted  by  the  Scottish 
T'niversities  Commission  The  salary  will  be  500(.  per  annum,  and  the 
Professor  shall  have  such  claim  on  the  Fee  Fund  as  if  his  normal 
salary  had  been  fixed  at  6001, 

Applications,  with  twenty  copies  of  testimonials,  will  be  received  by 
Mk  Sti  art  Grace,  Secretary  of  the  University  Court,  until  March  10 
next. 

St.  Andrews,  February  11, 1897. 

NIVERSITY   COLLEGE   of  SOUTH   WALES 

and  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
FACULTY     OF     MEDICINE. 
The   Council    invites   applications    for    the    PROFESSORSHIP    of 
ANATOMY.    Eighty  copies  of  application,  together  with  testimonials, 
must  be  In  the  hands  of  the  undersigned  on  or  before  March  8, 1897. 

Further  paaticulars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

J.  AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B.A., 

Secretary  and  Registrar. 
University  College,  Cardiff,  February  8, 1897. 

pITY  and  GUILDS  of  LONDON   INSTITUTE. 

There  is  a  VACANCY  for  a  JUNIOR  CLERK  in  the  EXAMINA- 
TIONS DEPARTMENT  of  the  Institute.  Candidates  must  be  under 
24  years  of  age.  they  must  have  some  knowledge  of  Elementary  Science, 
and  be  capable  of  Drafting  in  good  English  a  Letter  from  Notes  Com- 
mencing salary  801.  a  year—  Apply  by  letter,  stating  references,  to  the 
i  art.  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute,  Examinations  Depart- 
ment, Exhibition-road,  s  w 

THE  COUNCIL  of  the  ROYAL  INSTITUTE  of 
BRITISH  ARCHITECTS  are  prepared  to  receive  applications  for 
the  appointment  of  SECRETARY.  Applicants  must  be  gentlemen  of 
culture  and  literary  attainments,  with  a  knowledge  of  Architecture 
but  not  necessarily  Architects.  Proficiency  in  French  essential  and 
<<irnian  desirable.  Age  not  less  than  about  30  or  more  than  45.  The 
Secretary  will  he  required  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  his  official 
duties  Salary  400/  per  annum  Full  particulars  can  be  obtained  at 
the  Office"  of  the  Institute.  No.  9.  Conduit-street,  Hanover-square 
London  W.  Ant  canvassing  will  disqualify —Applications  addressed 
to  The  Hon  Hecretary,  R  I.I!  A  ,"  No.  9,  Conduit-street,  W.,  must  be 
delivered  not  later  than  March  20. 

THOROUGH    of    NEWCASTLE- UNDER -LYNE. 

LIBRARIAN. 

The  FREE  LIBRAKY  committee  are  prepared  to  receive  applica- 
tions for  the  post  of  LIBRARIAN,  about  to  become  vacant      Salary 
annum.  ' 

Inn  Office  la  upon  to  Male  or  Female  Candidates. 

Irf'ninn  appointed  will  be  required  to  devote  the  whole  of  his  or 
her  tin.,   to  'h.'  'lutles. 

Applications  ■'i.dorsed  "  Librarian,"  with  not  more  than  three  recent 
^•tlrnonials.  to  bo  forwarded  to  the   undersigned  on  or  before  the 
i  nary  Instant 
Candidates  canvassing  the  Committee  will  dlsqnalifv 
JOSEPH  OH  I  Kill  H,  Town  Clerk. 

T)OVAL    INDIAN    ENGINEERING    COLLEGE 

1  \i  Conner •«  Hill.  Rtalnes  -The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Bprlneer  for  Employment  In  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonlos  About 
JO  Students  will  bo  admitted  I.  September,  1807.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
f.  f  .1??tr."Jno  "J'n.b"!;  Work*  '>eP»rtment.  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  In  the  Telegraph  Department  -For  Dar- 
tlculars  apply  to  the  8scr»t»»t,  at  the  CoHegc      "v>mnm0Bl     *orpar 


HOYS'  STORIES.— Any  number  of  the  above 
required;  about  twenty  thousand  words  in  length;  plenty  of 
dash  and  fun,  though  sound  in  tone.  Payment  on  approval.  Declined 
MSS.  returned.— Address  Boys'  Stories,  Hart's  Advertising  Offices, 
Malt  ravers  House,  Arundel-street,  Strand,  W.C. 

PARTNER  WANTED.— A  Gentleman,  carrying 
on  an  EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTION  in  CENTRAL  LONDON, 
steadily  growing  and  capable  of  wide  extension,  REQUIRES  a 
PARTNER  to  take  charge  of  financial  and  business  management. 
Must  have  had  a  good  business  training.  Capital  required  to  purchase 
share  about  700/  References  must  be  first-rate. — Apply  A,  care  of  C. 
Mitchell  &  Co.,  Red  Lion-court,  Fleet-street,  E.C. 

THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRYAT.  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Writing  Fiction.  Journalism,  and  the  Drama.— Apply  to  Secretary,  26, 
Abercorn-place,  N.  W. 

SCHOOL  for  the  DAUGHTERS  of  GENTLE- 
MEN,  Granville  House,  Meads,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education. 
Highest  references.  Home  comforts  Large  grounds,  with  Croquet 
and  Tennis  Lawns— For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Principal. 

THE  ORIENTAL  ACAD  EM  Y.—  ARABIC, 
SANSCRIT,  and  other  EASTERN  LANGUAGES  TAUGHT,  and 
guaranteed  Translations  into  and  from  made  by  efficient  Native 
Professors  —  Write  to  Mr.  M.  B.  Mailavie,  The  Principal,  5,  Blooms- 
bury-square,  W.C. 

GUY'S  HOSPITAL.— ENTRANCE  SCHOLAR- 
SHIPS in  SEPTEMBER.  1897— FIVE  OPEN  SCHOLARSHIPS. 
Two  (1501  and  eoi.)  in  Science  and  Three  (100/  ,  501.,  and  301.)  in  Arts  — 
Particulars  and  copies  of  Examination  Papers  on  application  to  the 
Dean,  Guy's  Hospital,  London  Bridge,  8  E. 

GUY'S       HOSPITAL.— PRELIMINARY 
SCIENTIFIC(M  B  Loud..).—  Classes  are  held  throughout  the  year. 
Special  instruction  is  given  for  the  July  Examination.    Fee,  16  Guineas. 

GOVERNESSES  for  PRIVATE  FAMILIES.- 
Miss  LOUISA  BROUGH  can  RECOMMEND  several  highly 
qualified  English  and  Foreign  GOVERNESSES  for  Resident  and  Daily 
Engagements.  —  Central  Registry  for  Teachers,  25,  Craven-street, 
Charing  Cross,  W.C. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
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230 


THE    ATHENJEUM 


N«3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


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I   II  I     ,.|    Mil-,     ill  .HI  II   I   II    »ltli  Portrait. 
,    m    I   1  i  I   I    n  H   i.l    M'.ltt  111  K    I'l.lll 

I,  8BT  of  LOYALISTS  ,  ... „ 

Mill  AH  I  8  ACAlil  Mil    .,.-.  SI  HA,  1>   (olio,  1662. 
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TO    INVALIDS.— A    LIST    of   MEDICAL   MKN 

1     in  all  part,  willing  to  RECEIVE  RESIDEN  I  PATIENTS  .- 
lull  particulars  and  term.,   aent  gratia        The  hat   include.   Pn rate 
Asylums,  «c  ,  School,  al.o  recommended —Addreaa  Mr  O  B.  Bi 
8,  Lancaater-place.  Strand,  W  C.  

T7URNISHED    APARTMENTS    in    one    of    the 

1?  most  pleasant  position.  In  TUNBHIDGE  WELLS  South i  aspect, 
good  >iew.  three  minute.' walk  Irom  the  town  and  common  Suitable 
for  winter  month.. -Write  R  G  ,  18.  Clareioont-road.  runbndge  H 

.Salts  bg  faction. 

MONDAY  NEXT. 
An  Importation  of  Curiosities  from  a  new  district  oj '  -V*» 
Guinea-two  fine  New  Zealand  Jade  Men  Mens— Marble 
Sarcophagus  —  Oil  Paintings  —  Engravings  —  Miniatures- 
Antiquities— Postage  Stamps— Books— and  a  General  Lo(/«- 
tion  of  Natural  History  Specimens,  including  Skulls,  Birds 
Eggs  and  Skins— Horns— Insects,  <tc. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL    the   above  by 
AUCTION,  at  hi.  Great  Rooms.  38,  King-street.  Co»ent<«rden. 
on  MONDAY  NEXT.  February  22,  at  half-past  12  o  dock  precisely. 

On  Tiew  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  ol  6ale.  and  Cata- 
logues had.  B 

FBI  DA  Y  NEXT.— Miscellaneous  Property. 

MR    J    C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at    hi.    Great    Room..   38.    King-street     Coxent  -  garden      on 
fRtriAY    NEXT    February  26,  at    halt-past    '2   o<  sely.  a 

"'KGE >QUANTil Vol "TEI.EGRAl'HIcTNSTRUMfcN  TO  «d    I 
RATU8  ,bT  order  ol  the  Po'tmaster-General  -scientiflc  and  Photo- 
graphic    App^ratuslFurniture-Books-Jewellerj-Pictures-Elecin- 
cal6— Lanterns— Microscopes,  &c. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogue* 
had.  


ITS 


MONDA  Y,  March  15. 
he  Valuable  Collection  of  Shells  formed  by  the  late  BEG  I '  .V A  I.l ') 
CHOLMON DELEY,  Esq.,  removed  from  Condover  Ha  l, 
Shrewsbury,  including  many  Fine  and  Bare  Species,  especially 
in  Murex,  Conus.  Voluta,  Pecten.  and  Spondylus,  Ac  -  also 
the  Beautiful  Ebonized  Plate-Glass  Cases  in  which  they  are 
contained. 

MR  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms  38  King- 
street.  Covent-garden,  on  MONDAY,  March  15.  at  half-past  12  o  clock 
precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had.  ^ 

Miscellaneous  Books  and  Works  on  Natural  History ,  including 
the  Library  of  a  Collector. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms.  115.  Chancery-lane.  W.C  on  THl  1  - 
February  25.  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o  clock,  MI8CBLLANBOC8 
BOOKS  (English  and  Foreign),  including  l«J>"»l*rt«  w^nMTIa,m'''», 
4  vols  -Histoire  des  Oiseaux.  1.000  Coloured  Plates  15  vols —J"™"  » 
Herbal  1551-Latham  s  Birds.  10  vols  4to  -Moore  sLepidoptera3joia 
-Von  Slebold.  Nippon.  4  vols  -N.umann  die  Voire  -f.""T*  »  !«>*«  »' 
the  Philippines- Boiler's  Birds  of  New  Zealand  and  others  on  urn ,  tho- 
logy-Harveys  Phvcologla.  9  vols -Curtis  s  Entomology  _  16  v..w - 
Gentleman's  Maga/ine  198  vols -Almon  *  Register  110  »«>»rA*»™ 
Rerfster,  S3  vols -Gardiner's  England.  1824-37.  4  vo  h  -lucking hani. 
"mrtsof  England.  10  vols -Works  on  Africa,  also  ' Classjca  an d  H  v 
toricml  Books  from  an  old  Country  Library,  many  with  Interesting  Book- 
To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  hadL 

Valuable  Books  and  Manuscripts.  i^'"d^P^J^r^nBof.,f'e 
Library  of  Sir  CHABLES  STSWART  FOBBES,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  «  W«J|'"»2!|: 
.treet  strand.  W  C  ,  on  MONDAY.  February  22.  and  Jour  F»"<>winf 
'Diva  at  1  o'clock  precisely  Valuahle  PHINtBD  Bp^^and  MAMg 
st  'itl  I'  is.  being  a  Portion  of  the  Library  of  BlrCHAKLES  s  liwan 
I, mill's.  Baru.  comprising  Work.  In  most -Classes  ot  I-1"™10^; 
IndudlnR  Darnell's  Picturesque  Voyage  round  Great  Bnuln-Gonm  • 
Hinmlavan  Birds  -  Manning  and  Brav  s  History  dairm  ■  AM 
l.IUKAKY  BOOKS  in  Handsome  l«»dl»;,'  '  ,'^f "'  ',  ,  ,  ' 
Sir  THOMAS  w  M  MUIUS.  Hart.:  a  1  'OH  >  1<>>  ''' r '.^H'lh cr. 
of  11  C  HART.  Fx,..  containing  M.xlern  Standard I  Works  and  «••»•«"'■ 
including  Scrope's  Salmon  Fishing.  First  Kdiuon-Hcurc*  A  Liii»««.  de 
Rome,  printed  on  Vellum- Horn- French  ibanerinU >«t  the  F. 
tenturv      the   FIRST    FIVE    EDITION 8  ol   WALTON8  COMPLBAl 

Vng    i .K.    i.,      to  Im,  the  Property  of  a  ORS ^  J"  N,,,1'i'0'V 

:lKo  other  Properties,  consisting  of  County  Histories  ''«l»'»P     "^ 

Hold's     Norfolk      Hasted'.     Kent    -Atkyns  -     Gloue.  ■ster.hir.  -      N   '  hoi.  » 

Leloesterahlre    Bare  Worke   relating   to   A">en™-Eariv  "'«'«  »"« 

Fifteenth    tenturv    Printed    Books- Urly    Engl.sh    "•J/^jT*0!?? 
Horns-a  Poems,    First    Bdlllon,   Kilmarnock.  1786,   and   Origins 
UU.,,  I.v  the  Poet-andother  Autographs-Blake'.  Songs  ol  innocence 

,  Horn-Book,  temp   Janus  i     ,  tap*oo*»-»  B»mS"  °' 52SSJ5 

Vellum    Graduale  ad  I  sum  Eeclesia-  Sarisbu  magnihccnt 

conv-  tine  Bpedmena  ol  1  aril  Book l.n.ding-Dramatic Portraits- _sport- 

|    „.is-    and     Illustrated     Hooks-Cruikshank, ana-Rare    French 

Books- and  Work.  In  nearly  every  Class  of  Literature 

May  be  flaw  ad  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on 
it  of  four  stamps. 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


231 


The  SECOND    PORTION  of  the  Collection  of  Old  Japanese 
Colour  Prints,  the  Property  of  ERNEST  HART,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  SATURDAY,  February  27.  at  1  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, the  SECOND  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OLD 
JAPANESE  COLOUR  PRINTS,  the  Property  of  ERNEST  HART,  Esq., 
Including  Specimens  of  the  Work  of  the  best  known  masters,  from  the 
earliest  dates  to  recent  times. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Decorative  Porcelain,  Enamels.  Bijouterie,  §c, 
of  the  late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand.  W.C,  on  MONDAY,  March  1,  at  1  o'clock  precisely 
<by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  and 
ORIENTAL  CHINA— Battersea  Enamels— Cut  Glass— Needlework- 
Bijouterie— Miniatures— Antique  Furniture,  &c  ,  the  Property  of  the 
late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Remaining  Portion  of  the  Collection  of  Works  of  Art, 
the  Property  of  the  late  WILLIAM   WEBB,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY,  March  2,  and  Following  Day,  at 
I  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executor),  the  REMAINING 
PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  WORKS  of  ART  of  the  late 
WILLIAM  WEBB,  Esq.,  comprising  Decorative  China,  Bronzes, 
Ornamental  Furniture,  Bijouterie,  Engravings,  Pottery,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Library  of  the  late  Sir  JOHN  E.  ERICHSEN,  F.R.S., 
Sfc. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGK 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C.  on  THURSDAY,  March  4.  and  Two  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Sir  JOHN  E. 
ERICHSEN,  FRS..  a  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  Rev  MICHAEL  ANGELO  ATKINSON,  and  other  Properties ; 
comprising  fine  Books  of  Prints— Books  on  Natural  History  and  Science 
—Galleries— Modern  Publications— Editions  de  Luxe— Books  on  Sports, 
History,  Poetry— Works  illustrated  by  Cruikshank,  Rowlandson,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  Valuable  Library  of 
BERESFORD  R.  HEATON,  Esq.,  and  Valuable  Books, 
the  Property  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  MONDAY,  March  8.  and  Two  Following  Days, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  a 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  BERESFORD  R.  HEATON,  Esq  ,  of 
Cheniston-gardens,  Kensington  ;  a  Selected  Portion  of  the  Valuable 
Library  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased  ;  a  Small  Collection  of  Illustrated 
French  Hooks,  the  Property  of  O.  W.  SELIGMAN,  Esq.;  a  Selected 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart ,  and  other 
Properties,  including  Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Wrorks — Valuable  Topo- 
graphical Works  by  Hunter,  Thoresby,  and  Whitaker— Black -Letter 
Chronicles— Officium  B  V.  M.  with  illuminations.  Sffic.  XV.— First 
Illustrated  Edition  of  the  Malermi  Bible.  1490— First  Editions  of  the 
Writings  of  Ruskin,  Jesse.  Swift.  Matthew  Arnold.  Fielding,  Pierce 
Egan,  &c— rare  Sporting  Books — Water-Colour  Drawings,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Original  Manuscripts  of  Keats' s  Endymion  and  Lamia, 
entirely  in  the  Autograph  of  the  Poet. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  10,  the  ORIGINAL 
MANUSCRIPTS  of  KEATS'S  ENDYMION  and  LAMIA,  entirely  in 
the  Autograph  of  the  Poet  These  MSS.  have  never  before  been  sold. 
and  arc  in  the  exact  condition  in  which  they  left  the  Printer.  They  are 
the  Property  of  a  relative  of  John  Taylor,  who  published  the  Poems 
Also  TWO  AUTOGRAPH  MANUSCRIPTS  of  the  late  WILLIAM 
MORRIS,  'Mine  and  Thine,'  a  Poem,  and  'An  Old  Story  Retold'— 
an  Unpublished  Poem  in  the  Autograph  of  W.  M.  Thackeray— and  other 
Manuscripts. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on 
receipt  of  four  stamps. 


M 


THE  MONTAGU  COLLECTION  OF  COINS. 
ESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 

will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  18,  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C.  on  MONDAY.  March  15,  and  Four  Following  Days 
the  SECOND  and  FINAL  PORTION  of  the  GREEK  SERIES,  together 
with  a  Small  Series  of  Roman.  Silver,  and  Bronze  Coins  and  Medallions 
of  the  late  H    MONTAGU,  Esq. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had.    Illustrated 
Catalogues,  price  35. 

Musical  Instruments. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square,  W  C  ,  on 
TUESDAY,  February  23.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely.  MUSICAL 
INSTRUMENTS,  comprising  Grand  and  Cottage  Pianofortes,  by  J. 
I'.nnsnicad  &  Son  Kirkman,  Cramer.  Kaiser.  Hirsch.  Kohinson,  &c  — 
Violins,  Violas,  Violoncellos,  and  lioulile  Basses.  I>y  Italian  and  other 
Masters— Guitars.  Mandolines,  and  Banjos  — Brass  and  Wocd-Wind 
Instruments-and  a  few  Lots  of  Music. 

Scarce  Engravings,  principally  in  Colours. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47.  Leicester -square,  W.C,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  February  24,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely 
alinecoi  I  if  i  ion  of  scarce  ENGRAVINGS,  principally  in  colours' 
containing  some  very  Rare  Portraits,  Including  Emma  Lady  Hamilton, 
after  Romncy  —  Lady  Elizabeth  Foster,  after  Reynolds,  and  Lady 
Kmtthe,  after  the  same— the  scarce  pair  of  Prints  known  ;is  Courtship 
and  Matrimony,  after  Williams,  by  Jukes,  all  the  above  being  finely 
printed  in  colours. 

On  view  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  on  application. 

Miscellaneous  Property, 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester  square  WC,  on 
FRIDAY.  February  26.  at  ten  mlautes  past  1  o'clock  precisely.  MIS 
CBLLANBOUS  PROPERTY,  comprising  Modern  and  Antique  Silver— 
Sheffield  and  other  Plate-Old  China  and  Cut  Glass-Gold  and  Silver 
point  and  Antique  Furniture,  including  Two  line  Chippendale  Side- 
boards-Rosewood and  other  Card  Tables— Chairs— Bookcases-Inlaid 
Oak  Chests,  and  several  Dressing  Glasses. 

Catalogues  on  application. 


SECOND  PORTION  of  the  well-knoun  Biblical  and  Litur- 
gical Library  of  HENRY  JOHN  FARMER  ATKINSON, 
Esq.,  D.L.  F.S.A.,  §c,  removed  from  Osborne  House,  Ore, 
Hastings. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square.  W.C  ,  on 
MONDAY,  March  1,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the 
SECOND  PORTION  of  the  BIBLICAL  and  LITURGICAL  LIBRARY 
Of  H.  J  FARMER  ATKINSON,  Esq,  D.L.  F  S.A.,  &c,  comprising 
Rare  Editions  of  the  Bible  in  German,  Latin,  Islandic,  French,  Dutch 
and  English— Antiphonarium,  on  vellum— Horte,  with  Miniatures— Early 
German  Block  Book  —  Dibdin's  Typographical  Antiquities.  Biblio- 
graphical Tour,  and  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana— Huth  Library  Catalogue, 
&c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 


M 


Autograph  Letters. 
ESSRS.   PUTTICK  &    SIMPSON    will    SELL 

by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C,  on 
TUESDAY,  March  2,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLEC- 
TION of  AUTOGRAPH  LETTERS  and  DOCUMENTS  of  Eminent 
Literary,  Scientific,  Poets.  Musicians,  and  Royal  and  Neble  Personages, 
amongst  which  will  be  found  Queen  Elizabeth, Charles  II  ,  AVilliam  III., 
Napoleon  I  ,  Oliver  Cromwell,  S.  Pepys.  John  Evelyn,  Horace  Walpole, 
Lord  Nelson,  Lady  Hamilton,  Sir  J.  Franklin,  Penjamin  Franklin.  l>r. 
Johnson,  W.  Cowper,  C.  Lamb,  Lord  Byron.  T.  Campbell,  George  Eliot, 
Madame  Patti,  F.  Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,  Sir  W.  Scott,  Robert  Brown- 
ing, Mrs.  Browning,  General  Lafayette,  and  many  others. 

Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Entire  Stock  of  Mr.  CLEMENT  S.  PALMER,  of  Sonthampton- 
roic,  who  is  changing  the  character  of  his  business. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47.  Leicester -square.  W.C, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  March  3,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  ten  minutes 
past  1  o'clock  precisely,  an  EXTENSIVE  COLLECTION  of  ANTI- 
QUARIAN BOOKS,  being  the  Entire  Stock  of  Mr.  CLEMENT  S. 
PALMER,  of  12,  Southampton-row,  who  is  changing  the  character  of 
his  business,  and  comprising  Works  on  History,  Biography,  Travel, 
Bibliography,  the  Fine  Arts,  Theology,  Antiquities.  Poetry,  Medicine, 
Astrology,  and  other  Branches  of  Literature,  both  English  and  Foreign 
— Specimens  of  Early  Foreign  Typography,  valuable  Editions  of  English 
Histories,  interesting  Manuscripts,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  two  stamps. 

OLD  ENGLISH  and  FOREIGN  ENGRAVINGS,  Drawings,  Paintings, 
Art-Books— Old  Historic  Newspapers— China— Play-Bills— Maps- 
Letters  —  Early  Queen  Victoria  Items  —  Coronation  Tickets  and 
Prints.    On  view. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  the  highest  biddings  above  the  reserve  prices  (which  can  be 
ascertained  before  the  Sale),  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  at  1  o'clock, 
at  12,  Rockley-road,  near  Uxbridge-road  Station,  London.  W.  (Gentle- 
men in  Town  and  Country  and  Abroad,  unable  to  attend  the  Sale,  can 
register  their  bids  with  the  Auctioneer  ) 

Catalogues  ready. 

WILLIS'S  ROOMS,  KING-STREET,  ST.  JAMES'S-SQUARE. 

A  valuable  Consignment  of  Oriental  Carpets  and  Rugs  direct 

from  Constantinople. 

MESSRS.  ROBINSON  &  FISHER  will  SELL, 
at  their  Rooms,  as  above,  on  FRIDAY,  February  26.  at 
1  o'clock  precisely,  the  above  valuable  CONSIGNMENT  of  ORIENTAL 
CARPETS  and  RUGS,  in  great  variety,  from  the  well-known  Looms  of 
Geordez,  Shiraz.  Kurdistan,  Daghistan— several  beautiful  Specimens 
of  antique  Kirman  Carpets— Bokhara  and  other  Carpets— Silk  Rugs  in 
rich  colours  and  fancy  patterns,  in  sizes  suitable  for  Dining  and  Draw- 
ing Rooms,  Libraries,  &c. 

May  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  : — 

On    TUESDAY,   February   23,   DRAWINGS    by 

T  Rowlandson  and  other  English  Humourists  ;  WATER-COLOUR 
DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  a  LADY. 

On  TUESDAY,  February  23,  and  Following  Day, 

the  FINAL  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 
VERTU  and  PICTURES  of  the  late  J .  RAWCLIFFE,  Esq  ,  of  Burnley. 

On    THURSDAY,   February    25,    PORCELAIN 

and  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE  of  R.  B.  ADDERLEY,  Esq. 

On  FRIDAY,  February  26.  the  COLLECTION  of 

PORCELAIN  and  FAIENCE  of  the  late  WM  BROCKBANK,  Esq.;  OLD 
NANKIN  TORCELAIN,  the  Property  of  a  LADY,  &c. 

On  SATURDAY,  February  27,  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  W  BROCKBANK,  Esq  , 
deceased,  and  important  Modern  Pictures  and  Drawings  from  Private 
Collections  and  different  sources. 

On  MONDAY,  March  1,  MODERN  PICTURES 

and  DRAWINGS  from  different  sources 

On  TUESDAY,  March  2,  BRONZES  and  WORKS 

of  ART  relating  to  Napoleon  I.,  the  Collection  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On  THURSDAY,  March  4,  and  Following  Day, 

the  CONDOVER  HALL  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  Of  ART, 
DECORATIVE  FURNITURE,  ARMS,  and  ARMOUR. 

On  FRIDAY,  March    5,  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 

DECORATION  of  the  late  BARON  HIRSCH,  the  Rev.  Sir  ALGERNON 
COOTE,  Bart,,  and  other  private  sources. 

On   SATURDAY,    March    6,    the    CONDOVER 

HALL  COLLECTION  of  PICTURES  of  the  late  REGINALD  CHOL- 
MONDELEY,  Esq  ,  and  Pictures  from  other  Celebrated  Collections. 

On   SATURDAY,  March  13,  the  COLLECTIONS 

of  PICTURES  of  the  late  Sir  CHARLES  BOOTH,  Bart,  and  of  the  late 
SNOWDON  HENRY,  1  l»q, 

On  MONDAY,  March  15,  the  COLLECTION  of 

PORCELAIN,  PLATE,  and  DECORATIVE  OBJECTS  of  the  late  Sir 
CHARLES  BOOTH,  Bart. 


CONDOVER  HALL,  SHREWSBURY. 

SAl.F.  of  the  M'l'HIN  I  \IKNTS  to  this  Ancient  Elizabethan  Mansion, 
including  Pictures,  Engravings,  Old  Japan  China,  Bronzes.  Antique 
English  Furniture,  French,  Kalian,  and  Dutch  Marqui-tcrle,  and 
numerous  important  Effect!  worthy  the  attention  of  Collectors  and 
others,  being  the  Property  of  the  late  REGINALD  OHOIiHON 
DKI.F.Y,  I 

MESSRS.  WM.  HALL,  WATERIDGE  &  OWEN 
nre  favoured  with  Instructions  from  the  Uov  H  II  CHOL- 
MONDELBY,  who  dm  dUpoMd  of  the  Condover  Hall  Estate  t"  hold 
the  above  BALE  in  At  i  I  ion,  commencing  on  TUESDAY,  March  P, 
and  Following  Days 

Hook  Catalogues  iC„l    each  I   forwarded   on   application   to    the   A 
noanw,  High-street.  Shrewsbury.    Sale  each  day  at  12  o'clock  to  the 
minute. 


4t  BIRMINGHAM,  on  MONDAY,  March  1. 
A  most  interesting  and  unreserved  Sale  of  a  Valuable  Collection  of 
Rare  War  Medals,  by  direction  of  a  well-known  Collector  in  the 
South  of  England  (who  has  been  collecting  for  upwards  of  thirty- 
five  years,  and  is  now  relinguishing  the  pursuit);  also  a  few  Lots 
the  Property  of  a  Lady. 

MESSRS.  CLEMENT  WELLER  &  LOCKER  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  No.  18,  NEW  STREET, 
BIRMINGHAM,  on  MONDAY.  March  1.  commencing  at  2  o'clock 
punctually,  a  valuable  COLLECTION  of  WAR  MEDALS,  including 
many  very  rare  Specimens,  in  all  numbering  upwards  of  160  Lots. 

Catalogues   post   free  from    the    Auctioneers,  No.  18,  New-Street. 
Birmingham. 

^KETCHES   of  WROUGHT   IRON  WORK,  also 

k_7  Analysis  of  Mortar  from  Peterborough  Cathedral ;  the  Advance- 
ment of  Architecture  (Royal  Academy  Lectures) ;  the  Oglander  Monu- 
ment. Brading  Church ;  Insulation  Resistance  of  an  Electric  Installa- 
tion, &c. 

See  the  BUILDER  of  February  20  {id. ;  by  post,  lx3d.). 
Publisher  of  the  Builder,  46,  Catherine-street,  London,  W.C 


Just  published,  price  2s.  6d.  post  free, 

GOUT  and  its  CURE.    By  J.  Compton  Burnett. 
M  D.      "The  author  has  had   a  wide  experience  in  gout,  and 
presents  us  with  a  very  readable  little  book." — County  Gentleman. 

London  i  James  Epps  &  Co.,  Limited,  170,  Piccadilly,  and 48,  Thread- 
needle-street. 


T 


HE 


This  day  is  published,  in  1  vol.  price  4s. 

DUBLIN     UNIVERSITY    CALENDAR 

for  1897. 


D 


Also,  price  4s. 

UBLIN  EXAMINATION  PAPERS.      Being  a 

Supplement  to  the  University  Calendar  for  1897. 
Hodges,  Figgis  &  Co.,  Limited,  Dublin.    Longmans  &  Co.  London. 


MR.  FLINDERS  PETRIE'S  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 

PETRIE  (W.  M.  FLINDERS).— KOPTOS.     With 
a  Chapter  by  D   G.  HOGARTH,  M.A.    1  vol.  4to.  35  pp.  28  Plates 

(4  Photographic),  boards,  10s. 

NAQADA    and    BALLAS.      By   W.  M. 

FLINDERS  PETRIE  and  QUIBELL.     With  a  Chapter  by  F.  C.  J. 
SPURRELL.    4to.  79  pp  87  Plates,  boards,  25s. 
The  district  treated  in  this  work   is  about  thirty  miles  North  of 
Thebes  and  on  the  Western  side  of  the  Nile     Messrs.  Flinders  Petrie 
and  Quioell  give  decisive  evidence  of  an  hitherto  unknown  invasion  of 
Upper  Egypt,  which  is  linked  with  the  prehistoric  civilization  of  the 
Mediterranean.    An  ample  index  adds  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  book 
Bernard  Quaritch,  15,  Piccadilly,  London. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    BENJAMIN    DISRAELI, 
EARL  OF  BEACONSFIELD,  1820  to  1892. 

NOTES  and  QUERIES  for  April  29th,  May  13th, 
27th,  JUNE  10th,  24th,  and  JULY  8th,  1893,  contains  a  BIBLIO- 
GRAPHY of  the  EARL  of  BEACONSFIELD.    This  includes  KEYS  to 
VIVIAN  GREY,'  •  CONINGSBY,'  '  LOTHAIR.'  and  '  ENDYMION.' 

Price  of  the  Six  Numbers,  2s. ;  or  free  by  post,  2s.  3d. 
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PALL   MALL  MAGAZINE. 


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Contents. 

"ONE  PINCH.''    Frontispiece. 

After  a  Painting  by  C.  Pippicb. 
The  ARCHER.    Henry  Tyrrell. 

With  Illustrations  by  Abbey  Altson. 
The  STORY  of  GLAMIS  CASTLE     Lady  Glamis. 

Richly  illustrated  from  Photographs. 
BUDGE  CROCKETT  of  HELL  CORNER.    John  Foster  Fraser. 

With  Illustrations  by  M.  Barstow. 
VICTORIA  R.  and  I.    George  Edgar  Montgomery. 

Illustrated  by  E.  F.  Skinner. 
A  REVIVAL  of  OLD  LONDON  BRIDGE.    H  W   Brewer 

Illustrated  by  the  Author. 
MARCH.    A.  L.  Budden  (Ada  Bartrick  Baker). 

Illustrated  by  Will  B.  Robinso 
SPORT  of  the  MONTH:  Beagling.    W.  H.  Grcnf 
With  Full-Page  Illustration  by  Georf 
FAITH     Rev.  Edward  Simms,  MA. 
WITH  NEVER  a  CHANCE     Ethel  A  Fenwick 

With  Illustrations  by  J.  s.  Crompton. 
MODERN  EXPRESS  PASSENGER  ENGINES.     Herbert  Russell. 

With  Illustrations  showing  Latest  Types  on  Principal  Railways,  &c. 
The  CASE  of  the  REVEREND  MR.  TOOMEY.    S   B.  T. 

The  STORY  of  1812.  Part  III  Being  an  Account  of  Napoleon's 
Disastrous  Campaign  in  Russia  With  Plan  Colonel  H,  D. 
Hutchinson,  Director  of  Military  Education  in  India. 

The  RANKsinr..  southwark.    Edward  Tyrrell  Jaoquet 

Illustrated  and  I'.ngrayed  by  M.  Stainfortli 

A  ROUMANIAN  LOVE  SONG. 

Illustrated  by  Miss  M.  L.  Rowley. 
ST.  IVES.    Chaps.  13-15.    The  late  Robert  Louis  Stcvengon. 

With  Illustrations  by  G  Orcnyillc  Manton. 
The  MA.loK  TACTICS  of  CHESS.    Parti      Franklin  K   Young. 
With  Diagrams. 

MARIE'S  STORY     John  Le  Breton. 

With  Illustrations  by  Montagu  Barstow. 
FROM  a  (ORNISH  WINDOW      AT  Uuillcr  Couch. 

With  Thumb  nail  Sketches  by  Mark  Zangwill 

Hie   HI   Mill  Its  of  the  MONTH 


Olliccs:  18,  Charing  Cross-road,  London,  W.C. 


the    at  ii  i;n\i;um 


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N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


233 


MESSRS.  METHUEN'S    RECENT    PUBLICATIONS. 


"THERE  IS  NO  NOVEL  BETTER  WORTH 
READING  JUST  NOW  THAN  '  PHROSO.' " 

DAILY  CHRONICLE. 

PHROSO:   a  Romance. 

By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

Crown  8vo.  6s. 

"Mr.  Anthony  Hope  has  produced  his  latest 
novel  in  a  happy  hour.  At  a  time  when  the  chief 
theme  of  conversation  is  Crete  and  the  islands  of 
the  Archipelago,  the  lawlessness  of  Eastern  races, 
and  the  inveteracy  of  old  racial  grudges,  he  has 
issued  a  book  with  all  the  elements  of  romance, 
recounting  the  fortunes  of  an  eccentric  Englishman, 
who,  because  he  is  tired  of  ordinary  travel,  purchases 
an  island  belonging  to  Turkey  and  inhabited  by 
Greeks." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"A  mediaeval  drama  so  managed  as  to  find  a 
corner  in  the  life  we  live  now,  without  seeming 
remote  from  the  most  up-to-date  interests  and 
sympathies.  This  combination,  which  has  always 
been  among  the  most  effective  characteristics  of 
its  author's  fiction,  has  never  been  more  conspicuous 
than  in  '  Phroso.' " — Graphic. 

PHROSO. 

By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

"Mr.  Anthony  Hope  takes  us  into  the  realm  of 
pure  romance  in  '  Phroso.'  The  story  is  one  of  as 
surprising  adventure,  as  full  of  love  and  light  as 
was  '  The  Prisoner  of  Zenda.'  In  the  style  there 
is  the  same  '  fizz  ' — we  cannot  find  another  word  to 
express  its  sparkle  and  buoyancy.  The  dialogue,  it 
is  needless  to  say,  is  admirable  in  its  spontaneity, 
and  in  the  dramatic  quality  of  its  fine  play.  It  is 
a  captivating  romance  that  from  the  first  appeals 
to  the  emotions,  and  keeps  the  attention  alert  and 
wakeful  to  the  last." — Daily  News. 

PHROSO. 

By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

"This  fascinating  story Few  people  having 

once  taken  it  up  will  lay  it  down  until  they  have 
reached  its  last  page.  Mr.  Hope  is  nothing  if  not 
original.  His  stories  of  romance  and  adventure 
are  like  those  of  no  other  author.  '  Phroso '  in 
point  of  interest  is  on  a  level  with  his  best  achieve- 
ment, even  with  '  The  Prisoner  of  Zenda.' " 

Freeman's  Journal. 

PHROSO. 

By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

"  The  interest  of  '  Phroso  '  lies  in  the  element  of 
astonishment,  in  the  rapid  succession  of  unex- 
pected (but  not  too  improbable)  incidents.  This 
excellent  specimen  of  the  novel  of  adventure  is 
distinguished  by  a  quiet  irony,  lively  but  unpre- 
tentious dialogue,  and  the  presence  of  a  charming 
heroine." — Manchester  Guardian. 

"  He  who  begins  to  follow  the  thread  of  Lord 
Wheatley's  adventures  in  Neopalia  will  not  let  it 
go  until  he  has  explored  the  whole  labyrinth,  and 
in  the  end  he  is  like  to  be  almost  as  much  in  love 
with  the  lady  of  the  enchanted  island  as  Lord 
Wheatley  himself." — Scotsman. 

PHROSO. 

By  ANTHONY  HOPE. 

"  Mr.  Anthony  Hope's  latest  novel,  '  Phroso,' 
shows  a  return  to  his  earlier  and  more  romantic 
mood.  We  think  on  that  account  alone  it  will  not 
disappoint  his  admirers  ;  but  the  story  has  other 
and  independent  claims.  It  is  full  of  sense  and 
sensibility,  and  quick  with  human  interest  and 
dramatic  surprise."— Leeds  Mercury, 


GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

An  INTRODUCTION   to   the   HIS- 

TORY  of  RELIGION.  By  F.  B.  JEVONS, 
M.A.  Litt.D.,  Tutor  at  the  University  of  Dur- 
ham.    Demy  8vo.  10*.  6d. 

The   XXXIX.   ARTICLES   of  the 

CHURCH  of  ENGLAND.  Edited,  with  an 
Introduction,  by  E.  C.  S.  GIBSON,  D.D.,  Vicar 
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ECONOMIC  SCIENCE  and  PRAC- 
TICE. By  L.  L.  PRICE,  M.A.,  Fellow  of 
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The  LIFE  of  NAPOLEON   BONA- 

PARTE.  By  S.  BARING  -  GOULD.  With 
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relating  to  Napoleon  been  brought  together  within 

the  limits  of  an  English  book Altogether  this  is 

a  table-book  of  the  first  class.  It  embodies  a  '  study 
of  the  character  and  opinions  of  Napoleon,'  on  which 
Mr.  Baring-Gould  can  be  freely  congratulated." 

Globe. 

NAVAL  POLICY :  with  a  Description 

of  English  and  Foreign   Navies.     By  G.   W. 
STEEVENS.     Demy  8vo.  6s. 
"  An  extremely  able  and  interesting  work." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

FICTION. 

SIX  SHILLINGS  EACH. 
PHROSO.    Anthony  Hope. 
WORMWOOD.    Marie  Corelli. 
The  CARISSIMA.    Lucas  Malet. 
A    CHILD    of  the   JAGO.    Arthur 

MORRISON. 

CLARISSA  FURIOSA.     W.   E. 

NORRIS. 

The    VILLAGE   and  the   DOCTOR. 

JAMES  GORDON. 

The  SPECULATORS.  J.  F.  Brewer. 
The    SPIRIT    of    STORM.     Ronald 

ROSS. 

DENOUNCED.  J.  Bloundelle  Burton. 
CAPTAIN   JACOBUS.    L.   Cope 

CORNFORD. 

DARTMOOR   IDYLLS.     S.   Baring- 

GOULD. 

IN  the  GREAT  DEEP.    J.  A.  Barry. 

THREE  AND  SIXPENCE  EACH. 
The  SIGN  of  the  SPIDER.    Bertram 

MITFORD. 

The  SUPPLANTER.  B.  P.  Neuman. 
A   HANDFUL  of  EXOTICS.     S. 

GORDON. 

The  SIN  of  ANGELS. 


"TOLD    WITH    ADMIRABLE    SIMPLICITY 
AND  DIRECTNESS."—  TIMES. 

THE    FALL  OF 

THE    CONGO   ARABS. 

By  Capt.  SIDNEY  L.  HINDE. 

WITH  MAP,  PORTRAITS,  AND  PLANS. 

Demy  8vo.  12s.  6d. 

"A  graphic  sketch  of  one  of  the  most  exciting 
and  important  episodes  in  the  struggle  for  the 
supremacy  in  Central  Africa  between  the  Arabs 
and  their  European  rivals.  Many  of  the  instances 
of  cannibalism  which  came  under  Captain  Hinde's 
own  notice  are  too  gruesome  for  quotation.  The 
details  given  may  repel  some  readers,  but  for  the 
rest  Captain  Hinde's  book  has  a  distinct  and  genuine 
interest  for  every  one  who  cares,  however  slightly, 
for  Central  African  affairs.  It  is,  indeed,  the  only 
connected  narrative — in  English,  at  any  rate — 
which  has  been  published  of  this  particular  episode 
in  African  history." — Times. 

THE  FALL  OF 

THE  CONGO  ARABS. 

"  Captain  Hinde  gives  us  valuable  information- 
regarding  African  ethnology,  agricultural  and  other 
resources,  and  native  customs,  especially  canni- 
balism, which  he  treats  with  a  comprehensiveness 
and  a  horribly  graphic  detail  not  to  be  found  in 

any  other  work  on  Central  Africa In  a  word, 

Captain  Hinde's  book  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  valuable  contributions  yet  made  to  the  lite- 
rature of  modern  Africa." — Daily  News. 

THE  FALL  OF 

THE  CONGO  ARABS. 

"Captain  Hinde's  book  covers  nearly  three  years 
of  African  experience — from  December,  1891,  to 
September,  1894.  It  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  the 
only  connected  history  of  the  struggle  that  crushed 
the  Arab  power,  and  decided  that  the  commerce  of 
the  central  interior  should  go,  not  by  Zanzibar,  but 
by  the  Congo,  to  Europe.  An  introduction,  by 
another  hand,  explains  concisely  the  rise  of  Arab 
domination  in  the  interior,  and  the  general  situation 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  conflict.  He  (Captain  Hinde) 
is  to  be  heartily  congratulated  on  his  literary 
as  well  as  his  military  labours." — New  Saturday. 

THE  FALL  OF 

THE  CONGO  ARABS. 

"  A  highly  interesting  and  instructive  book. 
Baron  Dhanis's  bald  official  report  of  his  cam- 
paigning between  1892  and  1894,  hitherto  the  only 
authentic  source  of  information  on  the  subject,  is 
here  amplified  and  supplemented  by  his  English 
companion,  and  from  the  two  accounts,  read 
together,  a  clear  notion  can  be  obtained  of  the 
ugly  business  described  in  them." — Athencrum. 

"  An  interesting,  unpretentious,  manly  book. 
Captain  Hinde's  narrative  is  so  painstaking  and 
modest  that  we  venture  to  hope  that  ■  The  Fall  of 
the  Congo  Arabs '  will  not  be  his  last  work  on 
Central  Africa." — Westminster  Gazette. 

THE  FALL  OF 

THE  CONGO  ARABS. 

"  His  narrative  is  rife  with  thrilling  interest,  and 
abounds  in  descriptive  mat  tor  throwing  much  new 

light  on   native  life  in  Central  Africa On   the 

whole,  there  is  not  a  page  in  the  book  which  is  not 
thoroughly  readable.  If  merit  be  a  criterion  of 
success,  '  The  Fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs '  should 
achieve  a  widespread  popularity." 

Daily  Telegraph. 


METHUEN  &  CO.  36,  Essex-street,  Strand. 


T  II  E     A  T  II  KX.K  l    M 


N  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


T.    HURST   &    BLACKE1 

LIST. 

IWKI.lllI    EDITION  RKADY  THIS  DAY. 
In  8  rota,  demy  8vo.  'M'>». 

FORTY-ONE     YEARS 

IN  INDIA. 

From  Subaltern  to  Commander- 
in-Chief. 

By  FIELD-MARSHAL 

LORD  ROBERTS  of  KANDAHAR, V.C. 

Betides  Maps  and  Plans,  the  Volumes  are  embellished 
with  Portraits  on  Steel  and  Copper  of  Sir  Jamks  OUTRUt, 
General  Nicholson,  Sir  Hknrv  Lawrknck.  Sir  Ahkaiiam 
Robkrts,  Sir  Coli.v  Cami'hkli.,  Sir  William  Mansi  ii:m>. 
Lord  Natiek  of  Magdala,  Sir  Donald  Stkwart,  Sir 
Samikl  Bkownk,  the  Amik  Of  Ai  c;ha\  i-ian,  Sir  Aicim'K 
H aruinuk,  and  Field-Marshal  Lord  BOBEBTS. 

"A  vivid  and  simple  narrative  of  things  actually  seen  by 
a  lighting  man  who,  during  forty-one  years  of  Indian  ser- 
vice, saw  more  hard  iighiing  than  almost  any  other  English- 
man of  our  time.  It  also  records  the  experience  of  a  military 
administrator  who  lias  conducted  historical  campaigns  and 
been  the  presiding  genius  in  the  re-organization  of  a  great 
army.  But  to  the  general  reader  perhaps  its  chief  charm 
will  be  glimpses  which  it  gives,  with  a  certain  Cervantes- 
like naivete,  of  the  personality  of  the  author.  A  hundred 
unconscious  touches,  in  the  camp,  on  the  battlefield,  and  at 
the  Council  table,  reveal  to  us  the  veritable  hero  of  the 
British  private,  and  the  fearless  leader  of  men  whom  every 
native  soldier  would  follow  to  the  death." — Times. 

"  It  would  be  difficult  to  overstate  the  service  which  the 
author  renders  to  the  British  nation  by  reminding  it  of  the 
true   temper  and  trustworthiness  of   one  of    its  greatest 

weapons  of  security,  the  army The  story  of  Lord  Roberts's 

life  should  be  studied  by  every  young  soldier The  peculiar 

charm  of  the  book  is  the  modest  and  generous  spirit  which, 
like  a  golden  thread,  runs  through  it." — Athenteum. 

STANDARD   WORKS. 


The    HISTORY    of    the    FRENCH 

REVOLUTION.  By  ADOLPHE  THIERS.  Translated 
by  FREDERICK  SHOBERL.  With  50  Engravings. 
5  vols,  demy  8vo.  45s. 

The  LIFE  of  JOHN  CHURCHILL, 

DUKE  of  MARLBOROUGH,  to  the  ACCESSION  of 
QUEEN  ANNE.  By  Field-Marshal  VISCOUNT  WOL- 
SELEY,  K.P.  Fourth  Edition.  2  vols,  demy  8vo.  with 
Portraits  and  Plans,  '32s. 

MEMOIRS  of  NAPOLEON  BONA- 

PARTE.  By  FAUVELET  DE  BOURRIENNE.  Edited 
by  Colonel  PHIPPS.  4  vols,  crown  8vo.  with  Illustra- 
tions, 36s. 

The   LIFE    of  MARY,    QUEEN   ef 

SCOTS.  From  the  French  of  M.  MIGNET  by  Sir 
ANDREW  SCOBLE,  Q  C.  In  1  vol.  crown  8vo.  with 
2  Portraits,  6s. 

The  HISTORY  of  ROME.     By  Prof. 

THEODOR  MOMMSEN.  Translated  (with  the  Author's 
sanction,  and  Additions)  by  Dr.  P.  W.  DICKSON.  In 
5  vols,  crown  8vo.  '.lis.  <5d. 

The   HISTORY   of    the    RISE    and 

PROGRESS  of  the  ENGLISH  CONSTITUTION.  By 
Sir  EDWARD  CREASY,  late  Chief  Justice  of  Ceylon. 
Fourteenth  Edition.     Crown  8vo.  6s. 

The  HEAVENS.    By  Amedee  Guille- 

MIN.    In  demy  Svo.  with  over  200  Illustrations,  12s. 

CURIOSITIES   of  NATURAL 

HISTORY.  By  FRANCIS  TUEVKLYAN  BUCKLAND. 
Popular  Edition,  in  Four  Series,  with  a  few  Illustra- 
tions.    Each  Series  separately,  in  small  Svo.  2s.  6rf. 

The   PRIVATE    LIFE    of    MARIE 

ANTOINETTE.  By  IlKNIUETTE  FKLICITE  CAM- 
PAN,  First  Lady  -in  -  Waiting  to  the  Queen.  With 
2  Portraits.    In  1  vol.  crown  Svo.  6s. 

The   HISTORY  of  the    THIRTY 

YEARS'  WAR.  By  ANTON  GINDELY.  Translated 
by  Professor  ANDREW  TEN  BBOOK,  9  rols.  large 
crown  8vo.  with  Maps  and  Illustrations,  21s. 


London:    RICHARD   BENTLEY  &  SON, 

New  Burlington-street, 

Publishers  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 


THE  PEOPLE'S  EDITION. 
PRICE  SIXPENCE. 

NOW  READY    AT    ALL  BOOKSELLERS'. 
In  medium  8vo.  patier  cover. 

JOHN   HALIFAX, 

GENTLEMAN. 

By  Mrs.  CRAIK. 
NEW  WORK  BY  WALTER  WOOD. 

Now  ready  at  all  Booksellers'  and  Libraries,  In  1  vol.  large 
crown  8vo.  with  Frontispiece,  gilt  top,  price  6s. 

FAMOUS    BRITISH    WAR 

SHIPS    and    their    COMMANDERS.      By    WALTER 

WOOD,  Author  of  '  Barrack  and  Battlefield,'  &c. 

"  Pleasantly  written  and  readable  as  it  is,  it  cannot  but 

prove  welcome  to  a  large  number  of  readers  who  have  no 

access  to  the  heavier  naval    literature    from  which    it  is 

drawn." — Scotsman. 

In  1  vol.  large  crown  8vo.  gilt  top,  price  6s. 

BARRACK    and    BATTLEFIELD. 

TALE8  of  the  SERVICE  at  HOME  and  ABROAD.    By 
WALTER    WOOD,     Author    of    'A   Captain    in    the 
Fusiliers,'  &c. 
"  Mr.  Wood  never  fails  to  make  his  tragic  point  with  force, 
and  he  presents  the  spirit  of  sturdy  Tommy  Atkins  with 
fidelity  to  his  original.     A  volume  like  this  is  always  wel- 
comed by  both  old  and  young." — Dundee  Advertiser. 

"  There  is  nothing  melodramatic  about  these  narratives, 
which  are  obviously  true  to  the  life  they  profess  to  depict." 

Globe. 

UNDER  THE  ESPECIAL  PATRONAGE  OF 

HER  MAJESTY. 

NOW  READY,  SIXTY-SIXTH  EDITION. 

1  vol.  royal  8vo.  with  the  Arms  beautifully  engraved,  31s.  6<2. 

bound,  gilt  edges. 

LODGE'S    PEERAGE    AND 
BARONETAGE   FOR  1897. 

CORRECTED  BY  THE  NOBILITY. 
"That  compendious  and  admirably  printed  guide  to  the 
peerage  and  baronetage  of  the  British  Empire  has  reached 
its  sixty-sixth  edition  with  the  volume  for  1897.  The  useful- 
ness of  this  concise  and  carefully-edited  book  is  enhanced  by 
the  excellent  and  stout  paper  on  which  it  is  printed." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette,  December  29,  1896. 

NEW  AND  POPULAR 

NOVELS. 

The  SOUND  of  a  VOICE.    By  Linda 

GARDINER,  Author  of    'His    Heritage,'  Ac.      1   vol. 
crown  8vo.  with  Frontispiece,  6s. 

The   WOOING    of    a   FAIRY.      By 

GERTRUDE  WARDEN,  Author  of  'The  Sentimental 
Sex,'  &c.    In  1  vol.  crown  Svo.  6s. 

An  AUSTRALIAN  DUCHESS.    By 

AMYOT    SAGON,  Author    of    'A  Fair    Palmist,'   &c. 
1  vol.  crown  8vo.  6s. 
"  Mr.  Sagon's  brightly  written  romance." — Daily  Telegraph. 

GENTLEMAN   GEORGE:   a   Story 

without  a  Heroine.      By   Mrs.    HERBERT    MARTIN, 
Author  of  '  Britomart,'  '  Her  Dfibut,'  &c.    1  vol.  crown 
8vo.  6s. 
"  Mrs.  Herbert  Martin  has  produced  an  excellent  story  of 

country  life  which  loses  nothing  in  interest  from  the  fact 

that  it  has  no  heroine." — Scotsman. 

BLIND   BATS.     By   Margaret   B. 

CROSS,  Author  of  '  Stolen  Honey,'  '  Newly  Fashioned,' 
&c.     1  vol.  crown  Svo.  6s. 
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J 'all  .Mall  Gazette. 

The   YOKE    of  STEEL.     By   C.  J. 

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GODFREY   BURCHETT,   Author  of    'Dominic    Pen- 
terne,"  &c. 
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the  whole  a  capital  novel."— Daily  Telegraph. 

OF   the   DEEPEST   DYE.    By    Col. 

CUTHBERT  LARKING,  Author  of  'With  Everything 

Against  Her,'  &c.     1  vol.  crown  Bvo.  6». 
"  The  author  writes  of  nothing  that  he  does  not  know,  and 
the  thrilling  interest  of  his  narrative  enchains  the  reader's 
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'  A  Question  of  Degree.' 

Crown    8yo.    cloth,  price   6*. 


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STANDARD  EDITION 


OF    THE 


WAVERLEY  NOVELS. 

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Volumes,  crown  8vo.  containing  Photogravure 
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bound  in  art  canvas,  gilt  top,  price  2s.  6d. ; 
or  in  full  limp  leather,  gilt  edges,  price  3*.  6cf. 
per  Volume. 

NOW    READY. 
VOLUME  V. 

STANDARD  EDITION 

OF    THE 

COLLECTED    WRITINGS 

OF 

THOMAS  DE  QUINCEY. 

Now  being  issued  in  Fourteen  Monthly 
Volumes,  small  crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top, 
price  2s.  6J.  each. 

London :  A.  k  C.  BLACK,  Soho-square. 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


235 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  20,  1897. 


235 
236 
237 
239 


CONTENTS. 

Nansen's  Farthest  North 

Angling  Literature 

William  Morris's  Well  at  the  World's  End 

Sir  M.  E.  Grant  Duff's  Notks  from  a  Diary 

New  Novels  (The  Scholar  of  Bygate  :  Lying  Prophets ; 

The  Mystery  of  Dudley  Home;  The  Idol  Maker; 

A  Bit  of  a  Fool ;  Tatterley  ;  Wide  Asunder  as  the 

Poles;  Marie-Magdeleine)  241—242 

Dante  Literature     242 

Short  Stories 244 

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books     ...      244—245 
The  Spring  Publishing  Season;  Sale;  John  Lamb's 

'Poetical  Pieces'  246 

Literary  Gossip  246 

Sciencb  —  Light      Railways  ;      Library     Table  ; 
Astronomical    Notes;     Societies;    Meetings; 

Gossip  248—250 

Fine  Arts— Sculptured  Tombs  of  Hellas  ;  Library 

Table;  The  Hoyal  Academy;  Gossip     ...      250—253 
Music— The  Week  ;   Obituary  ;  Gossip  ;   Perform- 
ances Next  Week  253—254 

Drama— The  Week  ;  Library  Table  ;   The  Eliza- 
bethan Drama;  Gossip  254—256 


LITERATURE 


Fridtjof  Nansen's  '  Farthest  North.''  Maps 
and  Numerous  Illustrations.  2  vols. 
(Constable  &  Co.) 

Dr.  Nansen  will  ever  occupy  a  conspicuous 
place  in  the  record  of  those  gallant  struggles 
which  have  been  made  by  man  for  genera- 
tions past  to  reveal  the  mysteries  of  the 
ice-bound  Polar  regions.  There  have  been 
expeditions  the  members  of  which  have 
suffered  greater  hardships,  others  whose 
geographical  discoveries  and  scientific 
observations  have  proved  of  equal  import- 
ance, but  none  so  boldly  conceived  and  so 
successfully  carried  out. 

No  doubt  Dr.  Nansen  has  been  favoured 
by  that  fortune  which  so  often  attends  the 
brave,  but  his  success  is  primarily  due  to 
the  care  with  which  he  planned  his  great 
enterprise.  It  was  an  article  by  Prof. 
Mohn  on  the  drift  of  the  Jeanette  which 
first  aroused  in  him  a  desire  to  entrust  his 
fortunes  to  that  current  which  it  was  con- 
jectured would  carry  him  from  the  New 
Siberian  Islands  to  the  coast  of  Eastern 
Greenland,  just  as  it  had  carried  thither 
some  of  the  wreckage  of  the  doomed 
American  vessel  and  much  driftwood  from 
Siberia.  He  brooded  over  this  hypothesis, 
examined  it  in  all  its  bearings,  and  the 
more  he  did  so  the  more  fully  did  he  become 
convinced  of  its  truth.  At  length,  in  1890, 
he  placed  a  matured  scheme  before  the 
public.  Arctic  authorities,  with  few  ex- 
ceptions, looked  upon  his  proposals  as 
quite  impracticable,  if  not  foolhardy,  and 
these  adverse  opinions  he  now  quotes  with 
evident  satisfaction  in  a  rapid  survey  of  the 
methods  of  preceding  Arctic  expeditions, 
which  forms  an  introduction  to  the  two 
bulky  volumes  of  his  narrative.  In  his 
native  country,  fortunately,  his  proposals 
were  hailed  with  enthusiasm.  The  Storthing 
voted  11,0007.,  subsequently  increased  to 
15,400?.,  the  remainder  of  the  cost  (9,500?.) 
being  covered  by  private  subscriptions,  Dr. 
Nansen  himself  being  one  of  the  con- 
tributors. 

The   preparations   for  the  voyage   wero 
made  with  exceptional  foresight,  and  nothing 
us  to  have  been  forgotten  that  could  con- 
tribute to  the  success  of  the  expedition  or 


the  comfort  of  the  crew — unless  it  was  that  no 
insect  powder  was  included  among  the  ship's 
various  stores.  The  Fram,  upon  which  a 
vast  amount  of  thought  and  labour  had 
been  expended,  did  credit  to  its  builder, 
Mr.  Colin  Archer,  and  successfully  with- 
stood the  vicissitudes  of  nearly  three  years' 
imprisonment  within  the  Arctic  ice. 

The  crew  was  the  most  select  that  had 
ever  started  upon  an  expedition  of  the  kind. 
The  leader  himself  may  fairly  be  described 
as  a  landsman,  and  in  the  first  gale  en- 
countered he  stood  seasick  upon  the  bridge, 
"  occupying  himself  in  alternately  making 
libations  to  Neptune  and  trembling  for 
the  safety  of  the  boats  and  the  men." 
The  crew  only  numbered  twelve,  all  told, 
and  among  these  there  were  a  lieutenant 
in  the  royal  navy ;  four  captains  in  the 
mercantile  marine,  of  whom  one  acted 
as  cook ;  a  university  graduate,  who  was 
rated  as  stoker;  and  the  "keeper"  of  a 
lunatic  asylum,  a  concession,  possibly,  to 
those  critics  who  looked  upon  our  modern 
Argonaut  as  "a  shippe  of  fools."  These 
thirteen  men  lived  together  in  the  miniature 
saloon  of  the  Pram  on  a  footing  of  perfect 
social  equality  ;  they  all  took  their  share  in 
the  duties  of  the  ship,  not  even  the  com- 
mander claiming  exemption,  so  that  the 
Russians  and  Samoyeds  who  saw  him  at 
Khabarova  working  in  his  shirt  sleeves 
maintained  that  he  could  not  possibly  be  the 
"  great  person "  which  he  had  been  repre- 
sented to  be,  and  yet  strict  discipline  was 
maintained,  and  all  orders  were  obeyed  im- 
plicitly and  with  alacrity. 

The  progress  of  the  Fram  along  the  coast 
of  Norway  resembled  a  triumphal  proces- 
sion, for  was  not  this  the  first  great  national 
naval  expedition  with  a  bold  programme 
which  had  ever  been  undertaken  ?  Passing 
vessels  dipped  their  flags,  old  people  and 
young  cheered  the  Fram  from  points  of 
vantage  on  the  coast,  bands  of  music 
awaited  the  vessel  at  the  piers,  and 
sumptuous  banquets  were  offered  to  its 
occupants.  The  ubiquitous  British  tourist 
naturally  put  in  an  appearance.  At 
Bergen 

"  I  could  hear  a  whole  company  of  them  besiege 
my  cabin  door  while  I  was  dressing,  declaring 
1  they  must  shake  hands  with  the  doctor  ! '  One 
of  them  actually  peeped  in  through  the  venti- 
lator at  me,  my  secretary  told  me  afterwards. 
A  nice  sight  she  must  have  had,  the  lovely 
creature  !  Report  says  she  drew  her  head  back 
very  quickly.  Indeed,  at  every  place  where  we 
put  in  we  were  looked  on  somewhat  as  wild 
animals  in  a  menagerie,  for  they  peeped  uncere- 
moniously at  us  in  our  berths  as  if  we  had  been 
bears  and  lions  in  a  den,  and  we  could  hear  them 
loudly  disputing  among  themselves  as  to  who 
was  who,  and  whether  those  nearest  and  dearest 
to  us,  whose  portraits  hung  on  the  walls,  could 
be  called  pretty  or  not.  When  I  had  finished 
my  toilette  I  opened  the  door  cautiously,  and 
made  a  rush  through  the  gaping  company. 
'  There  he  is,  there  he  is  !  '  they  called  to  each 
other  as  they  tumbled  up  the  steps  after  me.  It 
was  no  use,  I  was  on  the  quay  and  in  the 
carriage  long  before  they  had  reached  the  deck." 

Having  taken  on  board  the  dogs  supplied 
him  by  Baron  Toll  at  Khabarova,  I  >r. 
Nansen  left  that  place  on  August  4th, 
I  S(t.r5,  and  from  that  timo  was  lost  to  the 
world  until  August  18th  last,  when  the 
news  of  his  safe  return  was  flashed  by  tele- 
graph wires  to  all  parts  of  tho  civilized 
world. 


Fortune  at  first  favoured  the  enterprise. 
The  Kara  Sea  was  crossed,  and  then  Dr. 
Nansen  crept  along  the  coast  of  Siberia, 
adding  very  materially  to  the  knowledge 
previously  acquired  by  Nordenskjold  and 
his  Russian  predecessors.  The  season  was 
getting  late,  and  Dr.  Nansen  had  almost 
reconciled  himself  to  winter  to  the  west  of 
Cape  Chelyuskin  and  devote  this  premature 
delay  to  an  exploration  of  the  Taimir  penin- 
sula. But  on  the  6th  of  September,  the 
anniversary  of  his  wedding  -  day,  luck 
attended  him  once  more.  The  dreaded 
cape  was  doubled,  and  a  welcome  excuse 
afforded  for  distributing  punch  and  cigars 
and  listening  to  the  strains  of  a  barrel-organ, 
the  possibilities  of  which  had  become  almost 
unlimited  since  the  ingenious  leader  of  the 
expedition  had  set  about  manufacturing  zinc 
music-sheets,  which  could  be  substituted  for 
those  furnished  by  the  maker  of  the  instru- 
ment.    The  season  was  getting  late,  but 

"the  weather  was  still  beautiful,  and  we  were 
thoroughly  enjoying  the  sunshine.  It  was  such 
an  unusual  thing  that  Nordahl,  when  he  was 
working  among  the  coals  in  the  hold  in  the  after- 
noon, mistook  a  sunbeam  falling  through  the 
hatch  on  the  coal  dust  for  a  plank,  and  leaned 
hard  on  it.  He  was  not  a  little  surprised  when 
he  fell  right  through  it  on  to  some  iron  lumber." 

As  a  dark  edge  to  the  northward  indicated 
the  presence  of  open  water,  Dr.  Nansen 
thought  it  best  to  push  ahead  and  not  to 
lose  time  in  calling  for  the  dogs  which  were 
awaiting  him  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Olenek.  He  already  dreamed  of  reaching 
a  high  latitude  in  his  first  season  when  the 
unwelcome  appearance  of  the  edge  of  the 
ice,  "  long  and  compact,  shining  through 
the  fog,"  roughly  recalled  him  to  the  realities 
of  his  position.  On  September  25th,  1893, 
the  Fram  was  frozen  in,  not  to  be  released 
again  until  June  3rd,  1896. 

Everything  on  board  was  made  snug  : 
a  windmill  was  erected  to  drive  the  dynamo 
which  supplied  the  electric  light,  and  a  snow 
hut  was  built  upon  the  ice  for  the  magnetic 
instruments.  The  crew  being  small,  every 
one  was  kept  usefully  employed,  whilst  the 
doctor,  who  had  "  little  else  to  do  than 
doctoring  the  dogs,"  employed  his  leisure  in 
editing  the  Framsjaa,  a  serio-comic  illus- 
trated newspaper,  of  which  specimens  are 
given  to  the  reader.  Cards  proved  a  great 
resource,  and  there  was  an  excellent  library. 
The  tediousness  of  the  winter  was,  more- 
over, relieved  by  taking  advantage  of  every 
opportunity  for  celebrating  birthdays  and 
other  anniversaries,  on  which  occasions  tho 
cook  furnished  banquets  consisting  of  five 
courses.  Even  Constitution  Day  was  not 
forgotten,  and  demonstrative  banners  claim- 
ing a  "Normal  Working  Day"  and  "Uni- 
versal Suffrage"  were  carried  in  solemn 
procession  around  tho  Fram  and  saluted 
by  tho  ship's  guns.  In  addition  to  all  this 
there  wore  bear  hunts  (for  bears  wero  met 
with  on  the  ice  far  beyond  tho  eighty- second 
parallel),  sleigh  drives,  and  foot  races.  One 
of  these  races  was  to  have  come  off  on 
November  5th,  1894  (a  Sunday): — 

"The  expectation  was  groat,  but  it  turned 
out  that,  from  excessive  training  during  the  few 
last  days,  the  whole  crew  wore  so  stiff  in  tho 
logs  that  they  were  not  able  to  move.     Wo  got 

our  prizes  all  the  same.  One  man  was  blind- 
folded, and  ho  decided  who  was  to  have  'each 
cake   as   it    was    pointed  at.      This  just  arrange 

nient  met  with  general  approbation,  and  wo  all 


236 


T  ii  i:    a  t  ii  E  x  .1:  i  m 


N  3617,  Feb,  20, 


thought  it  .i  pleesanter  way  of  getting  the  prizes 
then  iiii miii:*  half  ■  mill'  for  then." 

Yft,   in   spite    of    nil  these  distraction! 
and  the  genera]    buoyancy  of  his  spirits, 

there    vrere    tunes   when    tho   loader    l<ei  ami) 

despondent,  and  this  happened  more  i   p 
dally  when  the  Pram,  instead  of  progressing 
in  the  direction  desired,  was  drifting  to  the 

Boutb.  On  ono  of  tkeso  occasions  Dr. 
Nauson  cries  out :  — 

"My  plan  baa  come  bo  nothing.    That  palace 
of  theory  which    1  reared   in  pride  and  self- 

COnfidenoe,  high  above  all  .silly  objections,  has 
fallen  like  a  house  of  cards  at  the  firsl  breath  of 
Wind.  Build  up  the  most  ingenious  theories, 
and  you  may  be  sure  of  one  thing — that  fact 
will  defy  them  all.  Was  I  so  very  sure?  Fee, 
at  times  ;  but  that  was  self-deception,  intoxica- 
tion. A  secret  doubt  lurked  behind  all  the 
reasoning.  It  seemed  as  though  the  longer  I 
defended  my  theory,  the  nearer  I  came  to 
doubting  it.  But  no,  there  is  no  getting  over 
the  evidence  of  that  Siberian  driftwood." 

There  were  times,  too,  when  visions  of 
the  solemn  pine  forests,  "  the  only  confidants 
of  his  childhood,"  rose  before  his  thoughts, 
and  when  every  night  he  was  at  home  in 
spirit :  — 

"The  sun  mounts  up  and  bathes  the  ice- 
plains  with  i*s  radiance.  Spring  is  coming,  but 
brings  no  joys  with  it.  Here  it  is  as  lonely  and 
cold  as  ever.  One's  soul  freezes.  Seven  more 
years  of  such  life — or  say  only  four — how  will 

the   soul    appear    then?     And    she ?     If  I 

dared  to  let  my  longings  loose — to  let  my  soul 
thaw.     Ah  !  I  long  more  than  I  dare  confess." 

All  this  while  the  Fram  fully  realized  the 
high  expectations  which  her  designer  and 
builder  had  formed  of  her  qualities.  After 
having  already  had  some  experience  of  her 
behaviour,  Dr.  Nansen  writes  :  — 

"The  Fram  has  borne  the  ice  -  pressure 
splendidly,  and  allows  herself  to  be  lifted  by  it 
■without  so  much  as  creaking,  in  spite  of  being 
more  heavily  loaded  with  coal  and  drawing 
more  water  than  we  reckoned  on  when  we  made 
our  calculations  ;  and  this  after  her  certain 
destruction  and  ours  was  prophesied  by  those 
most  experienced  in  such  matters." 

Even  the  terrific  pressure  of  January, 
1895,  when  a  ridge  of  ice  advanced  upon 
the  Fram,  and,  creeping  ov6r  the  bulwarks, 
invaded  the  ship,  so  that  everything  was 
got  ready — for  the  first  time  ! — to  abandon 
her,  was  a  trial  out  of  which  she  came 
triumphantly. 

When  onco  the  Fram  had  taken  a  de- 
cided course  towards  the  west,  Dr.  Nansen 
determined  to  leave  her  to  her  fate,  and  to 
travel  over  the  ice  towards  the  Pole.  He 
has  been  blamed  for  "  deliberately  quitting 
his  comrados  on  the  ice-beset  ship,  when 
hundreds  of  miles  away  from  any  land "; 
but  surely  those  on  board  wero  compara- 
tively safe,  whilo  their  leader  risked  his 
life  in  an  ice  journey  of  an  extent  nover 
before  attempted.  The  Fram,  moreover, 
remained  under  tho  command  of  its  ex- 
perienced navigator,  Capt.  Sverdrup,  whoso 
report  forms  not  the  least  interesting  soetion 
of  the  second  volumo.  Tho  hardships  <>f  such 
a  journey  as  Dr.  Nansen  and  Lieut.  Johan.-on 
undertook  must  be  experienced  to  be  appre- 
ciated. The  surfaco  as  the  pair  advanced 
north  grew  worse  and  worse,  and  crossing 
ridge  after  ridge  was  terrific  work.  At  last 
they  found  that  tho  ice  upon  which  they 
wero  travelling  was  slowly  drifting  south- 
wards, as  it  had  dono  in  the  case  of  Parry's 
expedition   to    the    north    of    Spitsbergen. 


This  di*  01  1 1  \  i  ■  odered  tie  ii 

loss.      They   had    attained    a    latitude    of 

8(>'  11'  N.,  and  v>  ■  i  •   al    least   four  hundred 

miles  from  the  nearest  land.     Months  s 
to  pass  before  they  ,  ajne  within   sight  of  it : 

"It  has  long  haunted  our  dreams  this  land, 
and  now  it  OOmeS  like  a  virion,  like  fairyland. 
Drift-while,  it  arches  above  the  horizon  like 
distant  clouds  which  one  is  afraid  will  disappear 
every  minute." 

This  was  written  on  July  21th,  1895,  but 
anxious  days  passed  before  they  came  close 
up  to  it,  and  only  on  August  11  th  "  for 
tho  first  time  for  two  years  [Dr.  Nansen] 
had  baro  land  under  foot."  The  terrors 
and  hardships  of  travelling  over  the  drift- 
ice  had  been  surmounted,  but  there  awaited 
them  a  dreary  winter,  in  a  remote  corner 
of  Franz  Josef  Land,  far  away  from  the 
comforts  of  the  Fram,  isolated  and  solely 
dependent  upon  themselves.  Yet  Dr. 
Nansen  tells  us  that  on  the  whole  they 
had  quite  a  comfortable  time  in  the 
hut  which  they  had  built  themselves  of 
stone  and  moss,  and  covered  with  walrus 
hides.  The  only  thing  they  longed  for  was 
books  !  "  How  delightful  our  life  on  board 
the  Fram  appeared,  when  we  had  the  whole 
library  to  fall  back  upon."  Fortunately 
bears  were  numerous,  and  the  explorers 
lived  almost  luxuriously  upon  bears'  flesh 
and  blubber. 

At  length,  on  May  19th,  1896,  they 
turned  their  faces  southward.  A  month 
afterwards  the  bark  of  a  dog  revealed 
tho  proximity  of  human  beings,  and  a  few 
hours  later  they  found  shelter  under  the 
hospitable  roof  of  Mr.  Jackson. 

It  might  be  imagined  that  the  account  of 
a  voyage  through  a  region  of  ice  and  snow, 
affording  no  opportunity  for  those  descrip- 
tions of  6cenery,  of  towns  and  peoples,  which 
constitute  the  charm  of  many  of  our  books 
of  travel,  would  prove  tedious  reading.  And 
so  it  would,  no  doubt,  in  many  instances. 
But  Dr.  Nansen  is  a  writer  of  singular 
capacity ;  he  enlists  the  sympathies  of  his 
readers,  and  makes  their  hearts  go  out  to 
him.  He  imparts  a  charm  to  everything, 
whether  he  is  speaking  of  the  cheery  life 
on  board  the  Fram,  the  perils  passed 
through,  the  beauties  of  nature,  or  his 
inmost  reflections  on  things  that  are  and 
are  to  be.  The  following  description  of  an 
Arctic  night  breathes  the  spirit  of  poetry,  and 
there  are  many  passages  equally  striking:  — 

"Nothing  more  wonderfully  beautiful  can 
exist  than  an  Arctic  night.  It  is  dreamland, 
painted  in  the  imagination's  most  delicate  tints  ; 
it  is  colour  etherealized.  One  shade  melts  into 
the  other,  so  that  you  cannot  tell  where  one 
ends  and  the  other  begins,  and  yet  they  are  all 
there.  No  forms — it  is  all  faint,  dreamy  colour 
music,  a  far-away,  long  drawn-out  melody,  on 
muted  strings.  Is  not  all  life's  beauty  high  and 
delicate  and  pure,  like  this  night  I  Give  it 
brighter  colours  and  it  is  no  longer  so  beau- 
tiful. The  sky  is  like  an  enormous  cupola, 
blue  at  the  zenith,  shading  down  into  green, 
and  then  into  lilac  and  violet  at  the  edges. 
Over  the  ice-fields  there  are  cold  violet  blue 
shadows  with  lighter  pink  tints  where  a  ridge 
here  and  there  catches  the  last  reflection  of  the 
vanished  day.  Up  in  the  blue  of  tho  cupola 
shine  the  stars,  speaking  peace,  as  they  always 
do,  those  unchanging  friends.  In  the  south 
stands  a  large  red  yellow  moon,  encircled  by  a 
yellow  ring  and  light  golden  clouds  floating  in 
the  blue  background.  Presently  the  aurora 
borealis  shakes  over  the  vault  of  heaven  its  veil 


of  gl  lilver— -cl  yellow,  n 

frcen,   now  to  red.     It  spreads,  it  contract* 
.    next  it  breaks   into 
v\  .t\  iii^r,    many-folded    bands    of    shining   s. '. 
over  which  shoot   billows  of  glittering  r  . 
then  the  glory  vanishes.      Presently  it  shimm 
in  tongues  of  flame  over  the  very  zenith  ; 
then    again    it    shoots    a    bright  my  rit;ht   up 
from    the   horizon,    until   the  whole  melts  away 
in  the  moonlight,  and  it  is  as  though  one  hi 
the  sigh  of  a  departing  spirit.     Here  and  th 
are  left  a  few  waving  streamers  of   light,  vague 
as  a    foreboding — they   are    the  dust    I 
aurora's  glittering  cloak.     But  now  it  is  gr  <win0' 
again  ;  new  lightnings  shoot  up  ;  and    the   « 
less  _ins  afresh.      And  all  the  time  this 

utter  stillness,  impressive  as  the  symphonic 
infinitude." 

The  Athenctum  was  a  supporter  of  earlier 
Arctic  expeditious,  and  more  especially  of 
the  search  for  Sir  John  Franklin — a  search 
which  it  advocated  at  times  when  further 
effort  seemed  likely  to  be  abandoned — and 
consequently  it  has  peculiar  pleasure  in 
welcoming  Dr.  Nansen's  volumes.  The 
illustrations  are  numerous  and  well  exe- 
cuted, and  the  translator  has  earned  the 
thanks  of  all  readers  of  the  English  edition. 
His  name — or  is  the  work  by  more  than 
one  hand  ? — should  have  been  mentioned. 


AXGLING    LITERATURE. 


TJie  Complcat  Angler.    Edited,  with  an  Intro- 
duction, by  Andrew  Lang.     (Dent  &  Co.) 
The    Compleat   Angler.     Edited  by  Eichard 

Le  Gallienne.  Parts  I.-1X.  (Lane.) 
Musa  Phcatrix.  By  John  Buchan.  (Lane.) 
The  Complete  Angler.  Being  a  Facsimile 
Reprint  of  the  First  Edition  published 
in  1653.  With  a  Preface  by  Eichard 
Le  Gallienne.  (Stock.) 
Ever  since  1750,  when  Moses  Browne,  at 
the  instigation  of  Johnson,  edited  '  The 
Compleat  Angler,'  which  had  been  un- 
noticed since  the  last  edition  during  the 
writer's  lifetime  in  1676,  a  stream  of  editions, 
varying  in  notes  and  engravings,  had  issued 
from  the  press,  until  in  1887  appeared  "  The 
Lea  and  Dove  Hlustrated  Edition,"  being 
the  hundredth,  under  the  auspices  of  Mr. 
E.  B.  Marston.  Since  that  year  several 
more  editions  have  been  published  at  a  rate 
which  seems  to  show  that  before  another 
fifty  years  have  passed  Walton  will  be  in  his 
two  hundredth  edition.  Literary  men  and 
naturalists  have  not  unreasonably  liked  to 
associate  their  names  on  the  title-page  with 
AValton  and  Cotton.  Thus  Sir  J.  Hawkins, 
Bagster,  Major,  Eennie,  Sir  H.  Nicolas,  Jesse, 
and  if  last,  certainly  not  least  as  an  angler, 
"Ephemera,"  have  paid  homage  to  'The 
Compleat  Angler.'  Even  an  American,  Dr. 
G.  W.  Bethune,  has  edited  the  book  and 
brought  his  garland  from  the  New  World 
to  lay  on  Walton's  tomb.  The  homespun 
wisdom,  the  quick  sympathy  with  nature, 
tho  air  of  sanctified  content  which  Walton 
has  breathed  over  angling,  have  naturally 
endeared  his  book  to  all  anglers. 

Ever  since  the  much-lamented  Thomas 
Wcstwood  drew  up  his  'Chronicle  of  "The 
Compleat  Angler"  '  the  principle  has  been 
accepted  that  Walton's  rough  hodden-grey 
should  not  be  overlaid  with  too  many  notes 
and  illustrations.  It  must  not  be  ''over- 
dressed," as  Wcstwood  saj-s.  Too  often 
"Maudlin,  tho  milkmaid,  is  tricked  out  in 
a  gown  of  brocade  with  a  mantle  of  cloth 
of  gold."   Mr.  Lang  with  native  good  sense 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


237 


das  borne  this  hint  in  mind.     He  has  re- 
printed in  beautiful  form  and  type  Walton's 
fifth  edition,   the  last  that  was   revised  by 
the  author.    The  reader  is  not  annoyed  with 
an  apparatus  of  notes.     A  couple  of  pages 
of  them — and  they  were  hardly  needed,  as 
they  merely  give  dates  of  the  authors  for  the 
most  part  from  whom  Walton  quoted — will 
be  found  at  the  end  of  the  book.     Mr.  Lang 
has  written  some  sixty  characteristic  pages 
of  an  introduction.    Here  will  be  found  that 
love  for  nature  and  angling,  that  wise  irony 
and   plaj'ful  humour  which  have  endeared 
him  to  many  readers.     In  a  word,  he  has 
successfully   caught   the    key  -  note   of    an 
editor   of  Walton   which  was   sounded   by 
jWestwood.      It   is   hopeless   for   the   most 
keen- eyed   searcher   to   expect   to  discover 
fresh  facts  about  Walton.     Sir  H.  Nicolas 
and  many  other  investigators  preclude  this  ; 
but  Mr.  Lang  pleasantly  runs  over  the  chief 
events   of  his  life.      There   is   the   flavour 
of  a  tradition,  but  no  more,   that  he  was 
"a    very   sweet   poet    in    his    youth,    and 
more   than   all  in  matters  of  love";    time, 
however,  has  made  away  with  his  verses, 
if  they  ever  existed.     What  would  we  not 
give   for   a   sonnet   or  two   by  Walton  on 
Rachel  Floud's  eyebrow ! 

As  i  s  his  wont,  Mr.  Lang  waxes  eloquent 
on  the  original  edition  of  '  The  Compleat 
Angler ' : — 

"The  book  is  one  which  only  the  wealthy 
collector  can  hope,  with  luck,  to  call  his  own. 
A  small  octavo,  sold  at  eighteenpence,  'The 
Compleat  Angler'  was  certain  to  be  thumbed 
into  nothingness,  after  enduring  much  from  May 
showers,  July  suns,  and  fishy  companionship. 
It  is  almost  a  wonder  that  any  examples  of 
Walton's  and  Bunyan's  first  editions  have  sur- 
vived into  our  day.  The  little  volume  was 
meant  to  find  a  place  in  the  bulging  pockets 
of  anglers,  and  was  well  adapted  to  that  end. 
The  work  should  be  reprinted  in  a  similar 
format ;  quarto  editions  are  out  of  place." 

As  ho  sums  up  the  life  and  character  of 
Walton  during  the  many  years  of  his  pious 
life,  Mr.  Lang  has  omitted  to  correct  an 
amusing  misprint :  "Circumstances  and  in- 
clination combined  to  make  Walpole  [sic] 
choose  the  fallentis  semita  vitce."  He  accords 
Walton  much  praise  for  his  biographies  : 
if  he  cannot  always  away  with  the  good  old 
man's  unquestioning  faith,  at  least  he  can 
appreciate  Walton's  love  of  innocent  quiet 
and  contented  goodness.  From  these  '  Lives ' 
of  the  angler  he  naturally  considers  'The 
Compleat  Angler '  as  a  practical  manual  for 
fishing,  contrasts  it  with  other  fishing  lite- 
rature, and  compares  the  style  of  fishing 
of  to-day  with  the  methods  recommended  by 
'  The  Compleat  Angler.'  Here  Mr.  Lang  is 
naturally  at  his  best ;  here  he  expatiates  in 
pastures  dear  to  his  heart,  which  might  be 
dappled  with  tho  birches  of  Tweedside  and 
bounded  by  Border  castles,  while  old-world 
ballads  suggest  themselves  at  every  turn. 
Anglers  must  see  what  a  treat  awaits  them 
in  Mr.  Lang's  introduction,  what  need  of 
patience  have  "honest  Nat  and  R.  Roe" 
when  they  go  a-fishing  : — 

"O  the  tangles,  more  than  Gordian,  of  gut 
on  a  windy  day  !  O  bitter  east  wind  that 
bloweth  down  stream  !  O  the  young  ducks  that, 
swimming  between  us  and  the  trout,  contend 
with  him  for  the  blue  duns  in  their  season  ! 
[)  the  hay  grass  behind  us  that  entangles  the 
hook  !  ()  the  rocky  wall  that  breaks  it,  the 
boughs  that  catch   it,   the  drought  that  leaves 


the  salmon  stream  dry,  the  floods  that  fill  it 
with  turbid  impossible  waters  !  Alas  for  the 
knot  that  breaks  and  for  the  iron  that  bends  ; 
for  the  lost  landing-net  and  the  gillie  with  the 
gaff  that  scrapes  the  fish  !  Izaak  believed  that 
fish  could  hear ;  if  they  can,  their  vocabulary 
must  be  full  of  strange  oaths,  for  all  anglers  are 
not  patient  men.  A  malison  on  the  trout  that 
'  bulge  '  and  '  tail,'  on  the  salmon  that  '  jiggers  ' 
or  sulks,  or  lightly  gambols  over  and  under  the 
line.  These  things  and  many  more  we  anglers 
endure  meekly,  being  patient  men,  and  a  light 
world  fleers  at  us  for  our  very  virtue." 

The  illustrations  to  this  edition  by  Mr. 
E.  J.  Sullivan  are  quaint  and  numerous, 
and  show  the  dress  of  the  period  in  par- 
ticular. On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  E.  H. 
New,  in  the  parts  of  Mr.  Le  Gallienne's 
edition  already  published,  has  confined 
himself  to  fish,  and  especially  to  the  topo- 
graphy of  the  book.  Old  houses  in  the  Lea 
district  have  greatly  caught  his  fancy,  and 
are  worthily  translated  into  black  and  white. 
Beyond  giving  a  calendar  of  fishing  opera- 
tions month  by  month,  Mr.  Le  Gallienne 
does  not  seem  to  have  touched  his  author, 
but  the  edition  is  charmingly  printed  on 
thick  paper  with  rough  edges  in  small  quarto. 
This  and  the  characteristic  engravings  will 
render  it  a  favourite  edition.  It  is  pleasant 
to  read  in  such  a  book  of  the  great  eel  that 
was  caught  at  Peterborough,  a  yard  and 
three-quarters  long,  or  of  "the  trout  that 
is  near  an  ell  long  which  had  his  picture 
drawn  and  is  now  to  be  seen  at  mine  host 
Rickabie's  at  the  George  in  Ware,"  to- 
gether with  other  of  Walton's  marvels. 

Mr.  Buchan  has  hit  upon  a  happy  idea  in 
collecting  together  some  of  the  most  note- 
worthy angling  poetry.  The  book  is  dedi- 
cated to  Mr.  Lang,  and  contains  several 
of  his  neatest  angling  lyrics.  John  Dennys 
might  have  been  more  largely  drawn  upon. 
He  has  often  been  termed  the  laureate  of 
the  craft.  Gay's  verses  and  Sir  J.  Wootton's 
are  well  known  to  all  lovers  of  the  riverside. 
Several  other  "  choice  verses"  are  included, 
but  more  modern  pieces  might  have  been 
inserted  with  advantage.  One  more  criticism 
and  we  have  done.  It  would  be  wiser  to 
print  such  an  anthology  in  a  much  smaller 
form.  Then  the  angler  could  have  thrust  it 
into  his  pocket  or  basket,  and  enjoyed  these 
poems  where  they  ought  to  be  read,  under 
Walton's  "broad  beech  tree,"  or  by  the 
"honeysuckle  hedge"  at  the  side  of  the 
trout  stream. 

It  is  scarcely  wonderful,  when  on  the 
2nd  of  December,  1896,  a  copy  of  the  first 
edition  of  Walton  sold  for  no  less  than 
415A,  that  reprints  of  the  book  are  also  in 
continual  req\iest.  Mr.  Stock  published 
a  so-called  facsimile  reprint  in  1 876,  which 
two  years  ago  was  rather  scarce.  The 
present  facsimile,  which  is  no  more  a 
real  facsimile  than  its  predecessor,  is 
printed  in  a  most  convenient  form  for 
the  pocket,  while  the  print  and  paper 
are  beautiful.  Mr.  Le  Gallienne  scarcely 
ventures  to  be  glad  that  Cotton's  second 
part  is  here  absent ;  a  good  many  readers 
will  unfeignedly  rejoice  at  it.  No  prettier 
edition  can  be  desired  ;  but  a  lover  of 
the  book  might  well  grumble  that  on 
tho  cover  it  is  lottered  "  The  Complete 
Angler,"  instead  of  '  The  Compleat  Angler.' 
"  1  have  neither  a  willingness  nor  leisure  to 
say  more,"  writes  the  author  in  his  address 
to  the  reader,  "  then  wish  thee  a  rainy  even-  I 


ing  to 


read  this  book  in  and  that  the  east 
wind  may  never  blow  when  thou  goest  a 
fishing."  Each  of  these  editions  will  bring 
joy  to  the  literary  angler. 


The  Well  at  the  World's  End:  a  Tale.  By 
William  Morris.  2  vols.  (Longmans 
&Co.) 
Far  away,  at  the  verge  of  the  "  Ocean-sea," 
beyond  the  "  Wood  Perilous,"  beyond 
"  Swevenham  "  and  "  Goldburg  "  and  the 
"Castle  of  Abundance"  and  the  "Thirsty 
Desert " — nay,  even  on  the  other  side  of 
"  Utterness  "  itself — there  liesatthe  World's 
End  a  well  over  which  are  written  these 
words  :  — 

"Ye  who  have  come  a  long  way  to  look  at 
me,  drink  of  me,  if  ye  think  that  ye  be  strong 
enough  in  desire  to  bear  length  of  days  :  or  else 
drink  not  ;  but  tell  your  friends  and  the  kindreds 
of  the  earth  how  ye  have  seen  a  great  marvel." 

Though  for  ages  upon  ages  men  and 
women,  thinking  themselves  "  strong  enough 
in  desire  to  bear  length  of  days,"  have  been 
yearning  to  reach  this  well  (which  is  none 
other  than  that  famous  "Fountain  of  Youth" 
that  man  has  been  dreaming  of  ever  since  his 
eyes  were  first  opened  to  the  busy  wonder 
of  life  and  the  mysterious  peace  of  death), 
few  have  been  those  who  knew  the  taste  of 
its  waters.  We,  for  our  part,  doubt  whether 
any  person  ever  did  really  succeed  in 
drinking  a  full  draught  from  that  fountain 
save  one,  the  writer  of  this  beautiful  story, 
William  Morris  himself,  the  illustrious  poet 
whom  we  have  lately  lost,  and,  with  him, 
lost  how  much  of  the  romance  and  the 
colour  of  life  ? 

But  it  was  hardly  by  seeking  it  that 
Morris  lit  upon  the  well.  It  was  by  the 
workings  of  the  natural  instincts  within 
him.  No  child  that  in  its  half-conscious 
gambols 

Alwas's  finds  and  never  seeks 
ever  came  more  easily,  more  instinctively, 
upon  the  beautiful  things  that  could  please 
its  eyes  than  William  Morris  came  upon  the 
waters  of  the  Fountain  of  Youth.  Nay,  it 
seemed  as  though  the  Well  at  the  World's 
End  was  brought  to  him.  No  need  to 
travel  (except  in  imagination)  across  the 
"Wood  Perilous"  and  the  "Thirsty 
Desert  "  in  quest  of  the  Fountain  of  Youth 
if  the  Well  at  the  World's  End  comes 
bubbling  iip  at  your  very  feet  as  you  design 
your  wall-papers  at  Queen's  Square  or 
Hammersmith,  or  superintend  your  tapestry- 
looms  at  Merton,  or  examine  your  uphol- 
steries in  Oxford  Street,  or  write  your 
poems  wherever  and  whensoever  you  can 
find  half-an-hour's  breathing  space  from  a 
score  of  different  kinds  of  the  work  that  is 
your  only  sport. 

This  is  why  Morris's  position  among  the 
poets  of  the  world  is  unique.  Ho  (though 
a  poet)  stands  for  all  time  as  the  very  type 
of  youth.  Though  a  poet,  we  say  ;  for,  as 
a  rule,  few  people  age  more  quickly  than 
does  your  poet.  And  no  wonder  ;  for,  like 
tho  nightingale  of  the  Romanies,  tho  more 
he  is  pricked  by  the  thorn  on  which  it  is  his 
fate  to  sit,  the  louder  ;ind  the  longer  does 
he  sing.  Shakspeare  lamented  tho  forty 
winters  that  had  besieged  his  brow;  Cole- 
ridge called  himself  old  at  the  same  age  ; 
Byron  was  old  at  thirty.  But  no  other  poet 
of  whom  we  have  any  record  was  ever  at  any 


T  II  E     A  T  II  E  N  .}■:  I'  M 


period  of  his  life  to  young  that  he  oould 
hav.«  written  this  story.  Oompare  Ifon 
delight  in  the  beauty  of  the  earth,  in  the 
birds  of  the  wild-wood,  with  that  ofenyoth  r 
poet's  delight  in  these  thingi ;  oompare  the 
talk  of  the  Lovers  beneath  the  trees  in  this 
rtory  with  anything  to  be  found  in  any  of 
the  poems  of  such  venerable  bards  as 
Ohatterton,  Bhelley,  and  Keats.  If  Morris 
at  sixty  had  not  reached  the  mature  age 
when  he  could  have  written  thus  : — 

There  was  a  listening  fear  in  ber  regard, 

Aa  if  calamity  had  but  begun  ; 

Aj  if  thu  vanward  clouds  of  evil  days 

Had  spent  their  malice,  and  the  sullen  rear 

Was  with  its  stored  thunder  labouring  up, 

assuredly  at  twenty-four  Keats  was  too  old 
to  have  been  able  to  write  as  Morris  writes 
in  this  volume  of  tho  beauty  of  earth  and 
the  joy  of  life.  AVhat  was  called  the 
"melancholy  tone "  of  'The  Earthly  Para- 
dise '  was  but  the  expression  of  his  regret 
that  even  the  waters  from  the  Well  at  the 
World's  End  were  not  powerful  enough  to 
enable  the  drinker  to  enjoy  for  ever  the 
beauty  of  Earth  and  the  witchery  of 
AVoman. 

Matthew  Arnold,  in  a  noble  prosaic  line 
which  is  often  called  poetical,  says  of 
Sophocles  that  he 

Saw  Life  steadily  and  saw  it  whole. 
This  steadiness  and  wholeness  of  vision  is 
the  very  opposite  of  the  youthful  way  of 
seeing  life.  It  is  in  brilliant  little  pictures 
coloured  with  beauty  that  youth  sees  the 
world ;  and  it  is  thus  that  Morris  always 
saw  it.  Indeed,  there  is  not  a  weakness  in 
his  work  and  not  a  beauty  which  does  not 
spring  from  that  ebullience  of  youth  which 
he  drank  and  was  always  drinking  from 
the  Well  at  the  World's  End. 
When  Keats  wrote, 
Beauty  is  truth,  truth  beauty  ;  that  is  all 
Ye  know  on  earth  and  all  ye  need  to  know, 
the  words  did  not  really  comprise  his  philo- 
sophy of  life,  as  a  score  of  passages  in  his 
letters  will  show;  but  of  Morris's  law  of 
life  these  lines  are  a  full  expression.  Upon 
this  axiom  that  "beauty  is  truth,  truth 
beauty,"  his  social  theories,  no  less  than  his 
artistic,  were  based.  That  generous  heart 
of  his  became  after  middle  age  deeply 
touched  with  pity  for  the  people— touched 
because  he  saw  how  cruelly  the  "folk" 
were  shut  out  from  the  Palace  Beautiful 
which  nature  intended  them  to  enjoy ; 
and  he  ran  his  head  against  the  closed 
gates  of  the  palace  (though  to  him  they 
had  been  thrown  wide  open),  and  beat 
them  with  his  hands,  and  cried,  "Let  the 
folk  in  —  'Arry  and  'Arriet  and  all'" 
Whether  his  preachings  from  the  Socialistic 
tub  of  Hammersmith  Broadway  did  good  or 
ill— whether  they  opened  the  eyes  of  the 
East-End  to  the  iniquities  of  the  middle-class 
patrons  of  Tottenham  Court  Koad  chairs 
tables,  and  wall-papers,  as  some  think  thoj' 
did,  or  merely  turned  good-humourod 
vulgarians  into  sour,  morose,  and  insolent 
ones,  as  others  aflirm— is  a  question  alto- 
gether beyond  our  scope  hero.  Tho  nobility 
and  the  beauty  of  his  intentions  and  his  aspi- 
rations none  has  ever  challenged,  and  every 
word  he  uttered  was  that  of  a  gonerous- 
hearted  youth  who  saw  life  not  steadily  and 
whole,  but  unsteadily  and  partially  and  in 
little  pictures.  Tho  artistic  solf-iudulgence 
—the  self  -  pleasing   whim— which   is   tho 


N  3617,  Feb.  20 


ohai  .c  of  youth  is  the  basis  of  all 
Morris's  work  ss  poet,  a  and  as 
doctrinaire.  Though  with  the  full  convic- 
tion that    if  the   world  did  not  join  him   in 

his  tastes  it  was  so  much  the  worse  for  the 
world,  he  worked  always  to  please  him 

Most  other  poets,  after  youth  is  gone, 
range  a  compromise,  a  modus  i  ivtndi  hot  ween 
themselves  and  tho  taste  of  tho  time.  "A 
man  must  needs  be  more  like  tho  ago  in 
which  ho  lives  than  he  is  like  his  father 
and  mother,"  says  the  Chinese  sage.  It 
is  youth  that  knows  not  the  word  "com- 
promise," nor  did  Morris  know  that  word. 
Whatsoever  work  pleased  himself  he  did, 
and  if  the  public  liked  it,  so  much  the  better 
for  tho  public.  At  one  time,  when  Brown- 
ing was  his  hero  iu  poetry,  it  gave  him 
pleasure  to  write  rugged  and  more  or  less 
obscure  dramatic  idyls.  Those  he  produced, 
heedless  as  to  whether  he  would  or  would 
not  please  anybody  but  himself  and  his 
friends.  Afterwards  he  found  a  new  pleasure 
in  writing  in  the  very  opposite  style  to  that 
of  his  first  volume,  long  narrative  poems 
in  smooth  Chaucerian  measures,  but  with- 
out securing  Chaucer's  nearness  of  atmo- 
sphere. The  public  might  or  might  not 
care  for  such  a  return  to  old  forms ;  that 
was  their  matter.  After  this,  having  be- 
come fascinated  by  the  Northern  sagas, 
he  found  a  still  newer  pleasure  in  writing 
a  kind  of  prose  poetry,  bristling  with 
archaic  locutions  and  archaic  words. 
Taking  no  heed  of  newspaper  gibes  about 
"Wardour  Street  English,"  &c,  he  con- 
tinued to  write  them  till  death  stayed  his 
hand. 

The  step  from  this  fancy  of  writing  in 
obsolete  English  to  printing  books  in  an  obso- 
lete type  was  not  a  wide  one ;  and  soon  no 
printing  gave  him  pleasure  that  was  not 
either  in  black-letter  or  in  some  type  akin 
to  black-letter.  At  the  root  of  all  his 
beautiful  work,  in  a  word,  there  lies  the 
whim  of  pleasing  himself  which  is  the  chief 
characteristic  of  youth — of  extreme  youth. 
Whether  this  self-indulgence  will  or  will  not 
prevent  his  work  from  being  accepted,  as  it 
would  otherwise  have  been,  by  posterity  is 
one  of  the  questions  which  time  alone  can 
answer.  Black  -  letter  we  know  can  never 
be  revived.  Man  has  already  awakened  to 
the  fact  that,  wonderful  as  have  been  the 
few  thousand  years  of  his  past,  his  future 
of  a  million  years  is  going  to  be  more  won- 
derful still.  Posterity  will  be  far  more  likely 
to  favour  some  kind  of  phonetic  symbol  that 
saves  time  than  the  type  which  Morris  loved. 
And  what  about  the  archaic  diction  and 
locutions  in  which  he  delighted  ?  Beautiful, 
to  our  minds  at  least,  as  is  this  "  Wardour 
Street  English,"  it  is  after  all  an  artifice, 
and,  as  such,  does  not  strengthen,  but 
weakens  the  full  illusion  which  the  worker 
in  imaginative  prose  is  supposed  to  seek. 
The  moment  that  in  any  imaginative  picture 
artifice  is  obtruded  where  even  art  is  weak 
unless  she  disguises  herself,  illusion  (which 
must  be  always  born  of  the  artist's  sin- 
cerity) begins  to  grow  dim.  Had  the  verbal 
texture  of  these  stories  not  been  imitated 
from  books,  but  been  the  natural  and  in- 
evitable expression  of  the  writer's  mood, 
tho  combined  beauties  of  the  old  literary 
temper  and  the  new,  of  which  the  stories 
are  so  full,  would  havo  made  them  surpass 
in  charm  most  other  things  in  imaginative 


terature.     But  not  oven  the  movement  of 

Korris's   splendid   imagination 
us  from  feeling  as  we  read  that  the 
is  a   modern    man  whose   natural   speech  is 
modern  English,  and  who  is  indulging  1 
tho    Self-pleasing    whim    of    a    marvellous 
boy.     The  truth  seems  to  be,  as  the 
writer  more  than  once  remarked  to  Morris 
that  if  he  really  wished  to  throw  around  the 
reader  the  veil  of  full   illusion  which  i.. 
imaginative  artists    in  prose  endeavour  to 
throw  around  him,  he  should  have  written 
these   stories   not   in   the  epic,   but  in 
autobiographic  form.     Then  the  archaisms 
that  are  interspersed  in  the  narrative  would 
not  have  seemed  to  the  reader   more  arti- 
ficial,  and   therefore   more   insincere,   than 
those   in   the   dialogue    of    Scott's    novels. 
The   accent,    though   strange,   would    have 
appeared  the  natural  accent  of  a  dramatic 
character.      This  is  easily  seen  if  we  con- 
trast the  beautiful  realism  of  the  dialogue 
between  the  characters  who  live  in  the  story 
before  us  with  the  movement,  trammelled 
if  fascinating,  of  the  narrative  portions  sur- 
rounding them.     Here  is  an  example  of  an 
admirable  dialogue  between  the  hero  and 
Bull  Shockhead,  one  of  the  wandering  baud 
of  brigands  who,  judging  from  their  use  of 
the  patter  in,  would  seem  to  be  gipsies  :  — 

"  Early  next  morning  Ralph  arose  and  called 
Bull  Shockhead  to  him,  and  said  :  '  So  it  is, 
Bull,  that  thou  art  my  war-taken  thrall.'  Bull 
nodded  his  head,  but  frowned  therewithal. 
Said  Ralph  :  '  If  I  bid  thee  aught  that  is  not 
beyond  reason,  thou  wilt  do  it,  wilt  thou  not  ? ' 
'  Yea,'  said  Bull,  surlily.  '  Well,'  quoth  Ralph, 
'  I  am  going  a  journey  east-away,  and  I  may  not 
have  thee  with  me,  therefore  I  bid  thee  take 
this  gold  and  go  free  with  my  goodwill.'  Bull's 
face  lighted  up,  and  the  eyes  glittered  in  his 
face  ;  but  he  said  :  '  Yea,  king's  son,  but  why 
wilt  thou  not  take  me  with  thee  ? '  Said  Ralph  : 
'  It  is  a  perilous  journey,  and  thy  being  with 
me  will  cast  thee  into  peril  and  make  mine  more. 
Moreover,  I  have  an  errand,  as  thou  wottest, 
which  is  all  mine  own.'  Bull  pondered  a  little, 
and  then  said:  'King's  son,  I  was  thinking  at 
first  that  our  errands  lay  together,  and  it  is  so  ; 
but  belike  thou  sayest  true  that  there  will  be 
less  peril  to  each  of  us  if  we  sunder  at  this  time. 
But  now  I  will  say  this  to  thee,  that  henceforth 
thou  shalt  be  as  a  brother  to  me,  if  thou  wilt 
have  it  so,  and  if  ever  thou  comest  amoi 
our  people,  thou  wilt  be  in  no  danger  of  them  : 
nay,  they  shall  do  all  the  good  they  may  to 
thee.'  Then  he  took  him  by  the  hand  and 
kissed  him,  and  he  set  his  hand  to  his  gear  and 
drew  forth  a  little  purse  of  some  small  beast's 
skin  that  was  broidered  in  front  with  a  pair  of 
bull's  horns  :  then  he  stooped  down  and  plucked 
a  long  and  tough  bent  from  the  grass  at  his  feet 
(for  they  were  talking  in  the  garden  of  the 
hostel)  and  twisted  it  swiftly  into  a  strange  knot 
of  many  plies,  and,  opening  the  purse,  laid  it 
therein,  and  said :  '  King's  son,  this  is  the  token 
whereby  it  shall  be  known  amongst  our  folk  thit 
I  have  made  thee  my  brother  :  were  the  flames 
roaring  about  thee,  or  the  swords  clashing  over 
thine  head,  if  thou  cry  out,  I  am  the  brother  of 
Bull  Shockhead,  all  those  of  my  kindred  who 
are  near  will  be  thy  friends  and  thy  helpers. 
And  now  I  say  to  thee  farewell  ;  but  it  is  net 
altogether  unlike  that  thou  mayst  hear  of  me 
again  in  the  furthest  East.'  " 

But  then  comes  the  question,  What  kind 
of  illusion  did  Morris  really  seek  in  these 
stories — stories  which,  notwithstanding  a 
certain  affinity  with  the  methods  of  the 
Sagamen,  must  be  characterized  as  a  new 
form  of  imaginative  art?  In  judging  of 
the  success  or  non-success  of  anything  in 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


239 


imaginative  literature  the  first  question  to 
ask  and  the  first  to  answer  is  this,  What  is 
the  nature  of  the  imaginative  belief  that 
the  -writer  asks  of  the  reader  ?  Does  he 
endeavour  to  compass  the  full  illusion  which 
is  effected  by  the  modern  novel,  or  only 
that  partial  illusion  which  the  poet  seeks  ? 
While  nearness  is  the  quest  of  the  worker 
in  prose  fiction,  remoteness  may  be,  and 
often  is,  the  legitimate  quest  of  the  poet. 
These  stories  are  in  atmosphere  far  more  re- 
mote than  the  '  Canterbury  Tales.'  Chaucer's 
quest  was  nearness  of  suggestion,  and  this 
is  what  makes  him  so  much  more  modern 
than  a  prose- writer  like  Malory,  so  much 
more  modern  than  a  poet  like  Spenser. 
Even  when  Morris  modelled  his  work  in 
some  measure  upon  Chaucer's,  he  never 
achieved  Chaucer's  nearness  of  atmosphere  : 
perhaps  he  never  tried  to  do  so.  It  would 
almost  seem  that,  in  order  to  find  a  sub- 
stitute for  that  aid  which  metre  can  give 
to  the  poet  whose  object  is  to  produce 
a  sense  of  remoteness,  Morris  in  these 
stories  goes  out  of  his  way  to  surround  the 
dramatic  action  with  all  kinds  of  impro- 
babilities. When  Shakspeare  introduced 
lions  into  the  forest  of  Arden,  it  was  not 
done  in  order  to  produce  remoteness ;  for 
the  acted  drama  of  the  modern  world, 
whether  written  in  verse  or  prose,  is  unlike 
the  acted  drama  of  Greece  in  this,  that 
it  takes  a  place  between  prose  fiction, 
whose  quest  is  full  illusion,  and  un- 
adulterated poetry,  whose  quest  is  partial 
illusion.  Shakspeare  introduced  his  lions 
because  the  audience  of  his  time  would 
scarcely  have  felt  that  a  forest  in  foreign 
lands  would  be  complete  without  them. 
But  why  does  Morris  introduce  lions  (and 
apparently  the  entire  fauna  of  Africa)  into 
European  forests,  unless  it  is  to  secure  re- 
moteness, and  so  give  a  reason  for  the  archaic 
nature  of  his  form?  If,  however,  it  was 
Morris's  desire,  as  we  are  suggesting,  to 
achieve  the  partial  illusion  of  poetry, 
another  question  arises  in  connexion  with 
'The  Well  at  the  World's  End':  Is  there 
any  proper  length  for  a  narrative  ?  and  if  so, 
what  is  it?  Although  very  much  longer 
than  '  The  Roots  of  the  Mountains,'  '  The 
Well  at  the  World's  End '  is  entirely  with- 
out the  grand  pathetic  motive  of  that 
story.  After  the  assassination  of  the  hero's 
first  mistress,  the  Lady  of  the  Castle  of 
Abundance,  when  it  has  become  evident 
what  the  peripeteia  is  going  to  be,  the  story 
becomes  a  mere  string  of  incidents  which 
could  have  been  shortened  at  almost  any 
point.  And  here  one  of  the  most  noticeable 
of  all  Morris's  artistic  gifts,  his  fecundity  of 
invention  of  incident,  leads  him  astray. 

In  judging  of  the  proper  length  of  any 
work  in  imaginative  literature,  it  seems 
necessary  to  illustrate  our  meaning  by 
examples  taken  from  the  two  opposite  kinds 
of  prose  fiction.  Two  of  the  greatest  master- 
pieces in  the  prose  fiction  of  the  nineteenth 
century  are  very  likely  '  Vanity  Fair '  on 
the  one  hand  and  '  Undine '  on  the  other. 
Long  as  is  '  Vanity  Fair,'  it  is  not  by  a 
single  sentence  too  long ;  and  short  as  is 
'  Undine,'  it  is  not  by  a  single  sentence  too 
short.  With  regard  to  'Vanity  Fair,'  so 
complete  has  been  the  illusion  achieved 
by  the  writer,  so  entirely  has  the  reader 
accepted  the  characters  as  real,  that  he 
reads  the  last  lines  with  a  feeling  of  regret 


that  they  are  the  last ;  he  wants  to  follow 
still  further  the  adventures  of  that  wonder- 
ful Becky  Sharp  round  whom  the  other 
characters  cluster.  And  in  the  same  way, 
short  as  is  'Undine,'  the  reader  feels  on 
reading  the  last  lines  that  to  have  said 
more  would  have  tended  to  weaken  rather 
than  to  strengthen  the  reader's  imaginative 
belief.  Now  in  the  story  before  us 
Morris's  method  is  as  entirely  that  of 
poetry  of  the  remote  kind  as  in  the 
stories  of  '  The  Earthly  Paradise.'  He 
seems,  as  we  have  said,  to  go  out  of  his 
way  to  show  that  his  quest  is  the  partial 
illusion  which  the  poet  alone  is,  except  in 
the  case  of  Chaucer,  expected  to  secure.  And 
yet,  after  having  taken  all  this  trouble  to 
make  the  reader  feel  that  he  is  in  fairyland, 
Morris  spins  out  his  story  into  a  poem  as 
long  as  a  realistic  novel  of  modern  life. 
He  seems  to  forget  that,  howsoever  lovely 
a  fairy  story  may  be,  human  life  is  much 
too  short  for  readers  to  want  to  read  it  at 
such  length  as  this.  A  mere  string  of  ad- 
ventures such  as  these  would  have  had  far 
more  effect  had  they  been  told  at  a  third 
of  the  length. 

That  nothing  can  possibly  be  simpler 
than  the  main  thread  of  the  story  we 
can  show  in  a  few  words.  Rumours 
of  the  Well  at  the  World's  End  and 
stories  concerning  the  many  people  who 
have  perished  in  trying  to  find  it,  and 
of  the  few  who  have  drunk  of  its  waters, 
reached  Ralph,  the  younger  son  of  King 
Peter  of  Upmeads,  and  fired  him  with  the 
wish  to  drink  of  it.  And  one  day  he  stole 
away  from  his  father  and  mother  in  quest 
of  the  well.  Scarcely  had  he  left  home  when 
Chance  or  Providence  or  Fate  threw  him 
across  a  maiden  of  the  yeoman  class,  Ursula, 
who  also  had  a  desire  to  seek  the  well. 
This  maiden  attracted  Ralph,  and  no 
wonder,  for  she  was  as  fascinating  as 
any  of  the  women  to  be  found  in  any  of 
Mr.  Morris's  poems  : — 

"  And  she  went  hither  and  thither  about  the 
hall  and  into  the  buttery  and  back,  putting 
away  the  victual  and  vessels  from  the  board 
and  making  as  if  she  heeded  him  not :  and 
Ralph  looked  on  her,  and  deemed  that  each 
way  she  moved  was  better  than  the  last,  so 
shapely  of  fashion  she  was  ;  and  again  he  be- 
thought him  of  the  Even-song  of  the  High  House 
at  Upmeads,  and  how  it  befitted  her  ;  for  she 
went  barefoot  after  the  manner  of  maidens  who 
work  afield,  and  her  feet  were  tanned  with  the 
sun  of  hay  harvest,  but  as  shapely  as  might  be  ; 
but  she  was  clad  goodly  withal,  in  a  green  gown 
wrought  with  flowers." 

But  if  Ursula  made  an  impression  upon 
Ralph,  he  made  upon  her  a  deeper  im- 
pression still ;  for  although  she  felt  her 
passion  for  him  to  bo  hopeless,  she  straight- 
way abandoned  the  lover  she  then  had  in 
order  to  find  the  Well  at  the  World's  End 
and  so  become  worthy  of  Ralph.  For  the 
waters  of  this  well  have  the  power  of  trans- 
figuring the  drinker  both  body  and  soul, 
and  give  him  the  power  of  dominating 
over  mankind  by  force  of  wisdom  as  well  as 
youth  and  beauty. 

After  leaving  Ursula,  Ralph  remembered 
for  a  time  her  charms ;  but  he  passed 
through  many  adventures,  and  at  length 
encountered  a  siren  who  completely  drove 
out  of  his  mind  all  memory  of  Ursula. 
This  was  the  famous  Lady  of  the  Castle 
of  Abundance,   one   of   tho   few    who   had 


found  the  Well  at  the  World's  End  and 
drunk  of  it,  and  become  in  consequence 
irresistible  to  all  human  kind  of  the 
male  sex,  but  extremely  disliked  by 
the  female.  In  Ralph,  however,  she  en- 
countered her  match,  for  if  she  con- 
quered the  men  through  the  magical 
power  she  had  imbibed  at  the  well,  he 
conquered  all  the  women  through  his 
natural  endowments  of  beauty,  strength, 
and  chivalry,  and  especially  by  his  free- 
dom from  any  desire  to  conquer  them. 
And  these  two  lived  together  as  lovers 
in  the  wild  -  wood,  and  she  undertook 
to  conduct  him  to  the  well.  The  descrip- 
tions of  their  life  during  this  period  are 
extremely  beautiful.  Their  bliss,  however, 
soon  came  to  an  end,  for  one  day,  after 
Ralph  had  left  her  to  shoot  deer  for  their 
dinner,  the  husband  and  tyrant  from  whom 
she  had  fled  found  her  and  slew  her.  Not- 
withstanding his  grief,  Ralph  after  a  while 
pursued  his  quest  of  the  well ;  and  now 
that  the  siren  was  dead,  his  thoughts  would 
again  recur  to  Ursula,  who,  as  was  pretty 
broadly  indicated  during  his  travels,  was 
on  the  same  road  as  himself,  and  was  very 
likely  to  cross  his  path,  as  in  fact  she  does. 
After  many  adventures  and  escapes  from 
many  perils,  they  reached  the  Well  at  the 
World's  End  and  drank  the  waters,  ending 
their  days  as  King  and  Queen  of  Upmeads. 
But  whether  or  not  these  beautiful  stories 
are  apt  sometimes  to  become  over-long,  the 
reader  will  say,  "Would  that  the  beloved 
storyteller  were  with  us  still  to  tell  new 
stories — tell  them  by  the  score,  nay,  by 
the  hundred,  if  it  pleased  him  to  do  so : 
would  that  William  Morris  were  with  us 
still ! " 


Notes  from    a  Diary,   1851-1872.     By  the 

Right   Hon.    Sir   Mountstuart   E.   Grant 

Duff.  2  vols.  (Murray.) 
Sir  Mountstuart  Grant  Duff  has  compiled 
these  two  volumes  of  extracts  from  his  diary 
on  the  principle  of  leaving  behind  him  one 
of  the  most  good-natured  books  of  its  kind 
ever  printed.  That  end  he  has  certainly  ful- 
filled, though  there  is  enough  salt  to  redeem 
the  production  from  insipidity.  Many  of 
his  stories  are  old  ;  some  of  them  are  more 
than  a  little  inaccurate — for  example,  he 
places  President  Lincoln's  assassination 
before,  not  after,  the  conclusion  of  the  Civil 
War ;  but  as  stories  they  quite  pass 
muster.  Besides,  he  has  known  almost 
as  many  people  of  celebrity  as  Lord 
Houghton,  and  witnessed  many  memorable 
scenes.  The  book  would  have  been  im- 
proved had  there  been  a  little  less  botany, 
and  fewer  entries  of  purely  domestic  interest. 
We  fear,  too,  that  this  degenerate  age  does 
not  altogether  share  Sir  Mountstuart's  in- 
genuous bolief  that  no  gentleman's  library 
can  be  considered  complete  without  the 
'  Elgin  Speeches.'  Still  dulness  is  commend- 
ably  absent  from  his  pages,  and  wit  and 
wisdom  are  reasonabty  plentiful.  It  is 
exactly  the  book  to  pick  up  at  the  club  for 
an  hour  before  dinner. 

We  may  pass  over  Iho  diarist's  visit,  as  a 
young  man  full  of  Balliol,  to  Italy  and 
Eastern  Europe.  Tho  following  estimate 
by  that  sagacious  person  Mountstuart 
Elphinstone  is,  however,  worth  quoting  : — 

"We  talked  about  conversation.  He  put 
Luttrell'e  above  that  of  all  whom  lie  had  known. 


J40 


T  II  E     A  Til  EN  M  D  M 


Talleyrand'*  wa,  \,  iv  nch   i,,  anecdot,.,  |,ut   by 

'"■  nu  tna  »imv.  CM  Sydney  Smith  ha  spoke 
with  rerygreal  regard,  treating  bit  wit  aa  merely 
the  Bower  of  his  wisdom." 
Hayward,  on  the  other  hand,  used  to 
ooneider  Sydney  Smith's  table-tali  much 
superior  to   LuttreU's,  and  the   specimens 

that  survive  certainly  boar  him  out. 

Sir  M  'initstuart  had  a  happy  power  of 
picking  up  friends  on  the  Continent.  The 
following  conversation  with  Ranke,  tho  his- 
torian, whose  sympathies  wore  with  Russia 
in  tho  Crimean  struggle,  is  dated  18;34  :  — 

"After  dinner  I  had  a  long  and  somewhat 
lively  conversation   with  Banke.      lie  said  that 

<  lermanv  had  nothing  to  fear  from  Russia— more 

from  England  ;  and  that  if  we  succeeded,  all  we 
should  do  would  be  to  destroy  an  infant  civilisa- 
tion. 'Ah!  wc  love  you,'  he  said,  'and  feel 
With  you  far  more  than  with  Russia,  but  we 
cannot  agree  in  all  things.  There  are  some 
ditlerences  between  our  interests.'  Later  he 
added  :  '  To  me  the  chief  interest  of  Emdand 
is,  that  she  is  Old  England.'  " 

Sir  Mountstuart's  criticism  of  Maurice's 
preaching  is  absurdly  pragmatic  : 

''Went,  as  usual  about  this  time,  to  hear 
F.  D.  Maurice  preach  at  Lincoln's  Inn.  I  sup- 
pose I  must  have  heard  him,  first  and  last,  some 
thirty  or  forty  times,  and  never  carried  away 
one  clear  idea,  or  even  the  impression  that  he 
had  more  than  the  faintest  conception  of  what 
he  himself  meant.  Aubrey  de  Vere  was  quite 
right  when  he  said,  that  listening  to  him  was 
like  eating  pea-soup  with  a  fork,  and  Jowett's 
answer  was  not  less  to  the  purpose,  when  I 
asked  him  what  a  sermon,  which  Maurice  had 
just  preached  before  the  University,  was  about, 
and  he  replied—'  Well  !  all  that  I  could  make 
out  was  that  to-day  was  yesterday,  and  this 
world  the  same  as  the  next.'  John  Stuart  Mill, 
who  had  known  him  early  in  life,  said  to  me 
about  this  time,  '  Frederick  Maurice  has  philo- 
sophical powers  of  the  highest  order,  but  he 
spoils  them  all  by  torturing  everything  into  the 
Thirty-nine  Articles.'  The  fact  that  he  should 
have  exerted  a  distinctly  stimulating  and  liberal- 
ising influence  over  many  more  or  less  remark- 
able people,  is  sufficiently  strange  ;  but  it  must 
be  remembered  that  he  was  a  noble  fellow,  with 
immense  power  of  sympathy,  and  an  ardent, 
passionate  nature,  which  often  led  him  to  right 
conclusions  in  spite  of  his  hopelessly  confused 
reasoning.  To  listen  to  him  was  to  drink 
spiritual  champagne." 

In  February,  1858,  he  entered  the  House 
as  member  for  the  Elgin  Burghs,  and  had 
a  strange  confidence  from  a  disappointed 
candidate :  — 

"  Had  a  curious  conversation  with  Thackeray 
at  the  Cosmopolitan  about  a  French  invasion, 
a  2>ropus  of  the  fiery  Colonels,  with  regard  to 
whom  there  was  a  good  deal  of  talk  at  this  time. 
He  said,  alluding  to  his  recent  candidature  at 
Oxford  :— '  The  chief  reason  why  I  wished  to  be 
in  Parliament  was,  that  I  might  stand  up  once 
a  year,  and  tell  my  countrymen  what  will  happen 
when  the  French  invade  us.'  " 

Next  year  we  find  him  in  Paris,  fre- 
quenting Madame  de  Circourt's  receptions, 
meeting  Falloux,  and  on  terms  of  intimacy 
with  Emilo  Ollivier,  at  that  timo  furiously 
hostile  to  the  Emperor ;  but  ho  made  littlo 
of  Cousin  : — 

"It  was  M.  de  Falloux  who  said  of  Louis 
Napoleon,  with  great  truth,  'II  ne  Bait  pas  la 
difference  cntre  rOver  et  penser.'  Ho  asked 
much  about  England,  and  was  afraid  of  the 
smallness  of  our  majorities,  and  the  difficulty 
of  forming  a  strong  government.  Dined  with 
Madame  Mold,  meeting,  amongst  others,  Cousin 
who  was  very  angry  with  England,  because,  he 
said,  she  was  thwarting  French  policy  in  Italy, 


K     817,  Feb.  20      ; 


and  insulting  France,  'l  i  n'tnsultons 
peraonne.'    This  sort  of  fooliah  talk  aoomed  to 

mo  habitual  with  him,  and  I  have  ne\<i  been 
aide  to  Understand  On  what  foundation  hi,  great 
soda]  fame  rested." 

An  amusing  anocdoto  of  Cousin  is  tho 
following :  — 

"At  night  Tains,  dining  with  us,  told  a  story 
of  Cousin's  Enlarging  to  .Jules  Simon  upon  the 
frightful  difficulty  of  the  Timaeus,  with  which 
ho  imagined  himself  to  have  been  atruggling, 
then  suddenly  exclaiming,— as  the  real  .state  of 
the  case  Hashed  into  his  mind— 'Ah  !  I  recollect, 
it  was  you  who  translated  it.'  " 

Quite  ten  years  before  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war  he  heard  Prevost  Paradol's 
prediction  :  — 

"Long  talk  in  Paris  with  PreVost  Paradol. 
He  said,  amongst  other  things,  '  Well,  France 
seems  to  me  between  two  great  fortunes  ;  either 
we  shall  have  peace  and  improved  government 
at  home,  or  we  shall  have  war  and  the  Rhine.' 
'Improved  government  at  home,'  I  said,  'by 
all  means,  but  what  do  you  want  with  the 
Rhine?'  'Oh,'  he  rejoined,  'our  present 
frontier  is  a  very  bad  one.'  'We  in  England,' 
said  I,  '  are  not  accustomed  to  think  very  highly 
of  the  advantages  of  a  river  frontier.'  '  I  dare- 
say not,' he  said,  'for  God  has  given  you  the 
best  of  all  frontiers,  the  sea  ;  but  if  France  had 
the  Rhine,  even  without  the  fortresses  on  its 
banks,  Europe  united  could  not  get  across  it.'  " 

In  the  same  year  the  diarist  was  at 
Chambery  : — 

"At  Chambe'ry,  where  saw  the  grotesque 
monument  to  the  famous  adventurer  De  Boigne, 
who  disciplined  Scindiah's  battalions.  Many 
years  ago,  I  think  in  1823,  my  father  stopped 
at  this  place  to  visit  him.  In  the  course  of 
conversation  De  Boigne  said,  'Financial  diffi- 
culty !  The  Company  can  never  have  any 
financial  difficulty  ;  they  have  always  one  certain 
resource  open  to  them.'  '  What  is  that  ? '  asked 
my  father  eagerly.  'Plonder  China,'  was  the 
characteristic  reply." 

Here  are  some  characteristic  outputs  of 
Bulwer  Lytton's  fancy  : — 

"  Introduced  at  the  Athenaeum  by  Hayward 
to  Bulwer  Lytton,  and  very  curious  conversa- 
tion. He  talked  of  Foster,  the  Medium,  in 
whom  he  seems  to  believe.  He  thinks  that  his 
feats  are  not  juggling,  but  that  his  brain  has 
some  power  of  putting  itself  en  rapport  with 
other  brains.  The  markings  on  the  arm  he 
compared  to  the  Middle  Age  Stigmata  received 
by  Saints,  and  Siqillationes  received  by  sinners. 
He  had  thought  of  his  old  housekeeper,  Sophy 
Tate,  and  Foster  had  guessed  her  name.  We 
talked  of  Stanhope's  '  Life  of  Pitt,'  and  Hayward 
remarked  that  no  man  wrote  so  above  himself 
as  Stanhope.  Lytton  said  'No  man  writes 
above  himself,  but  most  men  are  very  unequal. 
Campbell  the  poet,  for  instance,  always  struck 
me  as  very  tiresome,  till  one  night  when  he  met 
me  at  the  door  of  this  Club,  and  asked  me  to  go 
home  and  sup.  I  had  only  just  dined,  and  at 
first  refused,  but  seeing  that  he  was  hurt,  I 
agreed  to  go.  We  were  tcte-a-tcte,  and  from 
ten  to  half-past  one  he  poured  out  a  stream  of 
conversation  of  the  most  surpassingly  brilliant 
kind.'  " 

Wo  have  no  wish  to  discount  the  pleasure 
of  these  volumes  by  undue  quotation,  and 
feel  bound,  therefore,  to  omit  some  capital 
talks  with  Carlyle,  Dickens,  Sainte-Beuve, 
and  many  other  remarkable  men.  Let  us 
rejoin  Sir  Mountstuart  Grant  Duff  in 
Poland,  whither  he  went  to  study  that 
eternal  question,  just  when  the  last  rebel- 
lion was  drawing  to  a  close.  Readers  of 
his  'Studios  in  European  Politics'  need 
hardly  be  reminded  how  sano  was  his 
Liberalism,   and   his   diary   proves   him   to 


■  boon  untiring  in  his  quest  for  informa- 
tion. The  same  sobriety  of  juds  ha- 
raoterises  his  forecast  of  3y'a  future, 
whit  h  is  here  reprinted  from  rt'h 
B    I    ■  5     -10. 

This  pleasing  little  retort  by  Fuad  Pasha 
is,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  a  treasure  trove 
of  Sir  Mountstuart's  own  :  — 

"It  was  Fuad  who  some  years  ago  said  in 
Arthur  Russell's  hearing  to  Lord  Palmers? 
when  the  latter  expressed  the  opinion  that 
nothing  would  go  right  in  Turkey  tdl  they  ( 
rid  of  polygamy,  'Ah:  milord,  nous  ferona 
comme  vous,  nous  pre'senterons  l'une  et  noua 
cacherons  les  autres.'  " 

The  diarist  rates  Lord  Strangford  a  little 
above  his  deserts  it  seems  to  us  : — 

"At  Strangford 's  funeral.  He  is  buried 
at  Kensal  Green,  under  the  same  monument 
as  his  brother,  who,  although  very  unlike  him, 
was  in  a  different  way  as  gifted.  I  have  heard 
that  Disraeli  once  said — '  George  Smythe  is 
more  like  Bolingbroke  than  any  Englishman 
who  has  lived  since  his  times.'  In  his  own  line 
the  last  Lord  Strangford  was  uniqne,  and  up  to 
this  date  the  place  which  he  left  vacant  in 
European  journalism  has  never  been  filled." 

The  book  abounds  with  Houghton  anec- 
dotes, but  most  of  them,  or  their  twin 
brothers,  have  alread}*  appeared  in  print. 
This  sneer  of  Kinglake's  at  his  old  aversion, 
however,  is  fresh  and  hideously  clever  :  — 

"Amongst  others,  Kinglake  dined  with  us. 
Speaking  of  the  narrative  of  Sedan  by  Napo- 
leon the  Third,  which  lately  appeared  in  the 
newspapers,  he  said  to  me,  '  It  read  like  nothing 
but  an  account  of  the  1st  of  September  by  an 
escaped  partridge.'" 

We  have  not  said  much  about  Sir  Mount- 
stuart Grant  Duff's  own  reflections,  because 
he  is  content,  for  the  most  part,  to  record. 
The  following  passage  will  show  that  his 
notes  on  travel  are  marked  by  knowledge 
and  sensibility  : — 

"The  sun  had  risen  over  the  hills  on  the 
Asiatic  shore  before  we  ran  between  Sestos  and 
Abydos,  and  drew  near  to  the  town  which 
Europeans  call  the  Dardanelles,  but  which  the 
Turks,  with  their  genius  for  the  commonplace 
in  names,  call  Tchanak  Kalessi,  or  Pottery 
Castle,  from  the  flourishing  manufacture  of 
earthenware  which  exists  there.  Presently  a 
boat  came  alongside,  bringing  one  of  the  English 
residents  of  the  town,  to  whose  kind  keeping 
we  had  been  consigned  by  friends.  Here,  after 
a  visit  to  the  Governor,  a  friendly  and  hale  old 
man  who  commanded  the  Turkish  tleet  when 
the  Allies  engaged  the  seaward  batteries  of 
Sebastopol,  we  spent  half  an  hour  in  inspect- 
ing the  far  -  famed  Castle  of  Asia,  whose 
monster  guns  still  bear  the  marks  of  the  balls 
which  struck  them  when  Duckworth,  not  too 
wisely,  ran    up    past   them    to  Constantinople. 

The  military  Pasha    gave  us  a  large  boat 

with  fourteen  rowers,  and  we  were  soon  afloat. 
After  a  row  of  about  two  hours  and  a  half, 
we  approached  a  quiet  little  bay  with  a  shelv- 
ing shore,  white  cliffs  to  the  left,  and  a  sandy 
hill  to  the  right.  We  touched  land  and  stood 
upon  the  soil  of  the  Troad,  for  the  sandy  hill 
to  the  right  was  the  eastern  face  of  the 
Rhaetian  promontory.  It  was  curious  to 
think,  as  we  drew  near  the  beach,  how  many 
and  how  different  were  the  travellers  in  whose 
wake  we  were  following.  Hither  turned  aside 
Xerxes  on  his  way  to  attack  Athens,  and 
Alexander  on  his  way  to  conquer  Persia  ;  so 
did  Mindarus,  the  Spartan,  the  hero  of  the 
famous  and  characteristically  laconic  despatch  ; 
Ovid  came  also  as  a  youth  with  his  tutor 
Macer,  and  Germanicus,  and  Julia,  the  daughter 
of  Augustus,  who,  by  the  bye,  was  all  but 
drowned  in  the  Scamander.     These  are  a  few, 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


241 


and  only  a  few,  of  the  famous  personages  of 
antiquity  whom  we  know  to  have  visited  the 
Troad  for  the  same  purpose  for  which  we  were 
now  landing  on  its  shores." 

Within  the  limits  which  he  deliberately 
set  himself,  Sir  Mountstuart  Grant  Duff  has 
put  together  a  most  agreeable  piece  of  work. 


NEW  NOVELS. 
The  Scholar  of  By  gate.  By  Algernon  Gissing. 

3  vols.  (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
Bygate  was  one  of  those  dark  mysterious 
houses  that  are  haunted  (especially  in  novels) 
by  the  evil  reputations  of  their  owners. 
Sibbald  Crozier,  vaguely  called  a  Scholar 
because  he  possessed  a  number  of  books, 
some  of  which  he  was  supposed  to  read,  was 
a  stilted  and  supercilious  nondescript,  or  so 
his  cousin  Adelina  described  him ;  but  his 
father,  according  to  the  same  authority,  was 
■"a  positively  ferocious  savage."  As  Sib- 
bald says,  however,  "  her  eye  never  saw  a 
true  thing,  and  her  mind  never  conceived 
one."  They  gave  each  other  queer  cha- 
racters at  Bygate.  Adelina  was  an  orphan, 
or  thought  herself  an  orphan ;  and  when 
she  came  to  live  with  the  Croziers  she  cer- 
tainly had  a  most  discouraging  reception. 
This  is  all  preliminary  to  the  real  plot,  which 
is  worked  out  with  considerable  skill.  Some 
parts  are  more  natural  and  human  than 
others.  Sibbald,  for  instance,  changes  his 
opinion  of  his  cousin,  perhaps  without  much 
reason,  but  their  relations  are  of  the  most 
romantic  and  pathetic  sort ;  and  the  cha- 
racter of  old  Crozier  is  well  conceived  and 
drawn.  There  are  sundry  North  -  Country 
sketches  sufficiently  true  to  life;  and  it  is 
unnecessary  to  say  that  his  readers  may 
usually  count  on  Mr.  Algernon  Gissing  for 
-an  attractive  story. 

Lying  Prophets.    Bv  Eden  Phillpotts.    (Innes 

&Co.) 
Tins  book  comes  as  an  agreeable  sur- 
prise. Hitherto  Mr.  Phillpotts  has  ap- 
peared chiefly  as  an  exponent  either 
of  "  the  new  humour "  or  of  so-called 
"realism" — brutal  stories  crudely  told.  It 
seemed  as  if  his  undoubted  power  of  story- 
telling was  hopelessly  enthralled  by  the 
influences  of  the  less  estimable  productions 
of  America  and  France  ;  but  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all  who  desire  the  wholesome  develop- 
ment of  English  fiction,  he  has  in  his  present 
book  shown  a  grasp  of  the  truth  that  violence 
is  not  strength  nor  paradox  originality. 
He  has  devised  a  story  which  would  have 
afforded  ample  opportunities  for  a  writer  of 
■the  pornographic  school  to  show  his  mettle, 
and  has  treated  it  with  a  tenderness  and 
reticence  that  deserve  all  praise.  "With  a 
full  disposition  to  allow  to  nature  all  her 
rights,  he  has  shown  no  mercy  to  the  claim 
often  put  forward  on  her  behalf  to  override 
man's  duty  to  his  fellows,  whether  men  or 
women  ;  and  he  has  contrived  to  do  this  in 
•the  mere  development  of  his  narrative  with- 
out a  suggestion  of  the  parenthetic  pulpit. 
The  scene  of  the  story  is  laid  at  Newlyn, 
a  place  where  the  finest  flower  of  modern 
culturo,  or  what  is  apt  to  hold  itself  for 
h,  is  brought  into  contact  with  a  local 
population  still  in  many  respects  at  a  pretty 
primitive  stage,  living  much  as  its  fore- 
fathers have  done  for  centuries,  feeling  the 
flame  wants,  pondering  the  same  thoughts. 


Keligionis  a  strong  influence  in  the  lives  of 
these  people;  but  though  it  has  adopted 
Christian  phraseology,  it  is  in  many  cases 
a  fetishism  which,  but  for  the  restraints 
of  the  law,  would  be  hardly  less  ferocious 
than  that  of  their  supposed  Phoenician 
ancestors.  In  this  creed,  as  expounded 
by  the  "Luke  Gospellers,"  among  whom 
her  father  is  a  tower  of  strength,  the  heroine, 
Joan  Tregenza,  has  been  brought  up ;  but 
it  has  never  taken  possession  of  her,  and 
she  turns  readily  enough  to  the  [esthetic 
pantheism  propounded  by  John  Barron  the 
artist.  The  association  between  them  begins 
harmlessly  enough,  by  Joan's  consenting  to 
stand  as  the  figure  in  an  outdoor  picture 
which  Barron  is  painting.  Of  anything 
like  love  the  man  has  not  a  grain  in  his 
composition.  "  You  know  my  rule  of  life," 
he  says  to  a  friend,  "  to  sacrifice  all  things 
to  mood."  In  other  words,  he  is  a  selfish 
animal,  feeble  mentally,  and,  as  it  happens, 
physically  also.  Novel-readers  may  have 
noticed  how  this  type  has  superseded  the 
muscular  hero  of  twenty  or  thirty  years  ago. 
There  is  a  parable  herein,  but  we  do  not 
propose  to  develope  it  now.  We  should 
like  to  say  a  word  in  praise  of  Uncle 
Chirgwin,  the  kindly  optimist,  who  makes 
an  admirable  foil  to  the  bitter  Calvinist, 
Michael  Tregenza ;  and  of  Michael's  wife 
Thomasin,  a  very  subtly-studied  character, 
rough-tongued,  avaricious,  but  with  a  heart 
of  a  kind  beneath  all.  But  the  book  has 
so  many  points  that  it  is  impossible  to  do 
more  than  touch  on  one  or  two.  Nothing 
so  powerful  has  appeared  in  this  line  since 
1  Esther  Waters '  ;  and  curiously  enough, 
in  spite  of  its  tragic  ending,  the  reader 
lays  down  Mr.  Phillpotts's  book  with  less 
of  gloom  in  his  heart  than  Mr.  Moore's 
story  inspired.  If  Mr.  Phillpotts  can  keep 
up  to  this  level  he  will  do. 

The  Mystery  of  Dudley  Rome.     By  Florence 

Warden.  (White  &  Co.) 
If  the  incidents  of  Miss  Florence  Warden's 
"mystery"  were  run  off  the  reel  in  five 
minutes,  without  phrase  or  fashion,  they 
would  not  appear  to  promise  a  sober  or  sub- 
stantial story.  There  is  a  murder,  almost 
followed  by  another  ;  the  mystery  is  con- 
cocted out  of  a  variety  of  foolish  acts  and 
notions,  for  which  cerebral  disease  has  to 
account ;  Mrs.  Higgs  turns  out  to  be  a  man  ; 
and  there  are  other  things  equally  difficult 
to  swallow  if  taken  in  an  uncompromising 
lump.  But  Miss  Warden  does  not  ask  her 
readers  to  swallow  them  in  a  lump.  The 
tissue  of  the  veil  on  which  these  spots 
are  stuck  at  intervals  is  pretty  enough ; 
and  looking  at  the  tissue  rather  than  at 
the  spots,  one  may  spend  half  an  hour  in 
ploasant  anticipation,  and  bo  rewarded  at 
last  by  the  explanation  of  the  mystery. 

The     Idol    Maker.      By   Adeline    Sergeant. 

(Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
Miss  Sergeant  has  certainly  made  a  bold 
venture  in  selecting  for  tho  hero  of  her 
now  story  an  insignificant,  ill-bred  youth, 
a  physical  coward  and  a  moral  fanatic,  such 
as  Perry  Wilson.  And  in  the  first  part  of 
tho  book  sho  lays  such  unsparing  stress 
upon  his  disadvantages  of  mind  and  person 
that  it  is  as  difficult  for  the  reader  as  for 
tho  young  man's  own  relations  to  realize 
the  beautiful  if  distorted  nature   that  lies 


beneath  his  unprepossessing  exterior.  Perry 
Wilson — or  Sir  Francis  Dysart,  as  he  should 
be  called  —  obstinately  believes  that  his 
vocation  is  to  be  a  missionary.  Certainly 
the  role  of  successful  claimant  to  the  Dysart 
title  and  estates  is  less  to  his  tastes  and  very 
elementary  capacities  than  the  hewing  to 
pieces  of  the  images  of  the  heathen.  But 
by  the  irony  of  fate  his  uncle  and  guardian 
is  surreptitiously  a  manufacturer  of  these 
same  images,  and  the  complications  induced 
by  such  a  situation  go  far  in  themselves  to 
fill  a  volume.  Miss  Sergeant,  however, 
prefers  a  well-covered  canvas,  and  there 
are  two  quite  separate  romances  in  the 
Dysart  family  at  the  Towers,  which  are 
bent  out  of  their  natural  course  to  revolve 
round  the  figure  of  the  young  martyr.  This 
at  least  seems  the  most  obvious  explanation 
of  the  misunderstanding  between  Nora 
Dysart  and  her  lover,  as  foolish  and  un- 
necessary as  Nora's  subsequent  conduct. 
Neither  is  Lady  Dysart  a  convincing 
woman,  nor  good  enough  for  Lydiard,  the 
quiet,  strong  type  of  man  that  Miss  Ser- 
geant knows  how  to  paint.  The  story  is 
long-winded,  but  it  contains  pleasant  read- 
ing, and  in  the  difficult  and  pathetic 
personality  of  Perry  Wilson  the  author 
has  achieved  something  of  a  success. 

A  Bit  of  a  Fool.     By  Sir  Eobert  Peel,  Bart. 

(Downey  &  Co.) 
Sir  Eobert  Peel  tells  with  much  vigour 
the  story  of  a  young  man  of  fortune  who 
goes  to  the  bad  and  comes  back  again.  The 
tempters,  male  and  female,  who  lead  the 
young  man  the  way  he  should  not  go  are 
all  described  with  complete  frankness,  and 
the  fact  that  their  victim  is  very  willing  and 
even  eager  to  be  led  only  adds  to  the  truth- 
fulness of  the  picture  of  real  life  which  the 
author  lays  before  his  readers.  It  is  a 
picture  into  which  a  good  deal  of  vice  is 
introduced,  but  in  a  way  that  is  not  vicious. 
The  charms  and  vices  of  Nellies  and  Mrs. 
St.  John-Elliots  are  vivaciously  presented, 
perhaps  with  an  excess  of  detail,  but  there 
is  no  sickly  gloating  over  these  things.  The 
standard  of  morality  is  not  high ;  it  is  the 
easy  standard  of  what  is  called  a  man  of 
the  world,  one  who  is  apt  to  say  he  likes  to 
have  no  nonsense,  to  take  things  as  he  finds 
them,  and  to  wish  not  to  be  different  from 
others  in  his  position.  Every  one  knows 
what  this  means.  The  merits  of  Sir  Eobert 
Peel's  book  are  that  he  has  succeeded  in 
keeping  the  same  tone  throughout,  that  all 
his  characters  are  given  to  the  life,  and  that 
his  tale  is  written  in  a  vivacious  style,  with 
no  small  amount  of  literary  skill. 

Taiterley  :  the  Story  of  a  Bead  Man.    By  Tom 

Gallon.  (Hutchinson  &  Co.) 
Tatterlky  was  Caleb  Fry's  man,  and  so 
like  his  master  in  bodily  presence,  except 
that  he  wore  a  patch  over  one  useless  eye, 
that  it  was  easy  for  Caleb,  when  Tatterley 
diod,  to  take  to  his  shoes,  his  patch,  and 
his  shabby  clothes,  and  pass  amongst  his 
old  acquaintance  for  his  servant.  At  least 
Mr.  Tom  (iallon  tells  us  so,  and  for  the 
sako  of  his  lively  and  interesting  story  it  is 
quite  worth  our  while  to  believe  it.  Caleb 
was  a  rich  old  curmudgeon  who  had  cheated 
many,  but  never  made  a  friend.  Amongst 
others  he  had  cheatod  his  nephew,  appro- 
priating  his   money   and   allowing  him  to 


242 


T  II  E     A  TH  KX.EUM 


N°3617,  Fin.  20,  '97 


ltow  ap  in  |  I  'a  the  night  of  Tatter- 

ley's  death  Ee  had  made  a  will,  leaving  his 
money  to  a  selfish  cousin,  Hector  Kindon; 
and  it  was  under  these  circumstances  thai 
ho  suddenly  resolved  to  bury  his  servant  as 
Calfl.  Try,  ami  to  watch  at  leisure  the 
development  of  events.  Such  is  tho  basis 
of  tho  story  told  by  this  youngesl  recruit  of 
tho  still  surviving  .school  of  Dickens — a 
somewhat  improbable,  melodramatic  situa- 
tion, which  leads  to  a  strong  contrast  of 
selfish  and  unselfish  characters  under  extra- 
ordinary conditions,  and  an  excessive  display 
of  pathos  and  humour.  The  reader  can 
argue  out  for  himself  what  happens  to  the 
selfish  Hector,  to  the  unselfish  nephew  and 
his  devoted  sweetheart,  and  to  the  mock 
Tatterley,  who,  of  course,  lays  aside  his  old 
self  and  acts  with  all  tho  judgment  and 
patience  of  Martin  Chuzzlewit  the  elder. 

Wide    Asunder    as     the   roles.     By   Arthur 

Crump.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
It  is  unwise  to  state  a  universal  negative,  so 
it  would  be  imprudent  to  say  that  no  worse 
novel  than  this  ever  appeared ;  but  it  has 
most  of  the  faults  that  a  novel  can  have. 
The  narrative  is  confused,  the  incidents  are 
irrelevant,  and  the  characters  are  carica- 
tures. Mr.  Crump  seems  to  have  resolved 
to  get  in  all  his  own  experiences — not,  we 
should  judge,  as  yet  a  very  long  series — 
somehow  or  other,  and  to  work  them  into 
the  story  of  as  ill-bred  a  family  as  we  ever 
remember  to  have  met.  Indeed,  the  per- 
sons in  the  book  seem  to  be  both  ill-natured 
and  ill-mannered,  unless  we  may  except  a 
curious  half-witted  being  who  talks  a  dialect 
blended  of  conventional  Scotch  and  Irish. 


Marie-Mag  deleine :  Rccit  de  Jeunesse.  Par 
Simile  Ollivier.  (Paris,  Garnier  Freres.) 
AxTnouGn  it  has  the  form  of  a  novel  and 
a  simple  story  runs  through  it,  the  volume 
by  which  M.  Ollivier  brightened  his  con- 
valescence from  an  illness  before  he  re- 
turned to  the  serious  work  of  his  history  is, 
as  its  second  title  shows,  a  series  of  sketches 
of  memories  of  youth — his  own  youth  in 
some  degree.  Its  chief  interest  lies  in  pas- 
sages describing  his  mission  to  Marseilles 
and  Toulon  as  delegate  of  the  Eepublic  in 
February,  1848,  and  the  birth  then  of  his 
oratory  ;  in  a  couple  of  pages  on  Parlia- 
mentary ambitions ;  and  in  descriptions  of 
Florence  and  its  pictures  and  of  the  Ant- 
werp Rubens.  Musicians  will  also  find  in 
it  a  good  deal  about  Liszt,  Berlioz,  Meyer- 
beer, and  Wagner.  M.  Ollivier  tells  us  that 
the  face  of  Rossini  "  recalled  both  the 
Olympian  Jove  and  Mr.  Punch."  In  his 
later  days  the  very  wiggish  wig  negatived 
the  former  suggestion,  and  few  now  living 
can  recall  the  curls  of  Rossini's  youth. 


DANTE    LITERATURE. 

Enciclopedia  Dantesca.  Da  G.  A.  Scartazzini. 
(Milan,  Hoepli.) 

Studies  in  Dante.  By  E.  Moore.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

Pensieri  sull'  Alienor  in  delta  Vila  Nwma  <li 
Dante.  Opera  Postuma  di  Francesco  Pas- 
qualigo.     (Venice,  Olschki.) 

Selections  from  the  First  Nine  Books  of  the  Cro- 
niche  Florentine  of  Giovanni  Villani.  Trans- 
lated by  Rose  E.  Selfe.  Edited  by  P.  II. 
Wicksteed.     (Constable  &  Co.) 

Tin.  four  works   whose  titles  are  given  above 

afford  an  illustrative  and  interesting  example  of 


the  I  m  which   thfl   study  (.1 

writer   may   be  approached       All    belong   to  the 

explanatory  rather  than  to  the  appreciative 
lira 1 1 eh  of  oommentary,  so  that  tbeir  comparative 
value  to  the  student  oao  be  estimated  without 

any  confusion  of  the  i  -thetic  questions. 

The  object  <>f  each  writer  is  equally  to  do  some- 
thing towards  helping  readers  of  Dante  to  under- 
stand his  meaning — often  a  matter,  as  we  know, 
of  some  ditliculty. 

Dr.  Scartazzini's  'Enciclopedia' — of  which  the 
first  half,  to  the  end  of  the  letter  L,  now  before 
us,   consists  of   1,168  closely  printed   pages — is 
executed  in  the  fashion  familiar  to  all  who  have 
used  his  edition  of  Dante.     In  fact,  it  amounts 
to  little  more  than  a  rearrangement  of  the  n< 
to  that  edition  under  alphabetical  catchwords, 
with  such  additions  as  the  author's  subsequent 
reading  has  led  him  to  make,  and   occasional, 
though   by   no   means    complete   references   to 
Dante's  minor  works,  especially  the  '  Convito. ' 
His  method,  as  we  say,  is  well  known.     It  con- 
sists   in    a    laborious    and    conscientious    study 
of     commentaries    ancient    and    modern,    dic- 
tionaries, all  conceivable  works  in  the  "  litera- 
ture "of  his  subject,  and  the  reproduction,  often 
at  great   length,    of   extracts   from   these.     Of 
general    acquaintance    with     literature    or    of 
original  critical  faculty  we  find  very  little.     In 
some    matters,    such   as    philology,    Dr.    Scar- 
tazzini's    knowledge    is    still    at    a    very    ele- 
mentary stage.     He  still  believes,  for  instance, 
that  Jens  "comes  from"  0«os  ;  he  is  quite  con- 
tent to  derive  andare  from  anditus  (quasi  aditus), 
accismare   from   Koo-fxeii>('.),   and  adonare  from 
domare,  or  to  assume  the  possibility  of  alternative 
derivations  for  the  same  word,  and  so  on.     On 
the  other  hand,  he  favours  us  with  a  good  deal 
of    doubtless   correct,    but    totally  superfluous 
learning.    One  does  not  quite  see  how  the  study 
of    Dante   is   advanced   by  giving   names   like 
Gabriel  or  Jerusalem  in  their  Hebrew  forms,  or 
by  such  information  as  that  a  flower  is  a  "pro- 
duct of  the  vegetation  of  phanerogamous  plants 
which  precedes  the  fruit,"  while  fruit  is  a  similar 
product    "which    succeeds   the  flower   in   con- 
sequence of   the    fecundation    of   the    ovary "  ! 
It  would  have  been  better,  for  instance,  if  Dr. 
Scartazzini  had  devoted  the  time  spent  in  copy- 
ing this  abstruse  lore  from  some  school-book  on 
botany  to  the  study  of  one  of  the  passages  in 
which  Dante  mentions  fruit.     He  would  then, 
perhaps,   have   avoided    the  blunder  of   saying 
that   frxdta    in     'Inf.,'    xxxiii.    119,    is    used 
figuratively. 

We  have  sometimes  been  tempted  to  wonder 
whether  Dr.  Scartazzini  ever  reads  anything 
except  "books  about"  Dante.  He  certainly 
shows  very  little  sign  of  having  gone  beyond 
them,  either  to  the  books  whence  Dante  drew 
his  lore,  or  to  other  literature  which  might  help 
him  to  understand  the  main  currents  of  thought 
which  formed  Dante's  mental  "environment," 
except  in  cases  where  these  have  been  quoted 
by  other  commentators.  Take,  for  instance,  his 
treatment  (s.r.  "Accidia")  of  the  question 
whereabouts  in  hell  Dante  intended  those 
who  had  lost  their  souls  through  this  sin  to 
be  found.  All  the  older  commentators  assume 
them  to  be  represented  by  the  sinners  who  lie 
submerged  in  the  mar3h  of  Styx  (in  which  the 
iracondi  also  are  punished),  and  whose  existence 
is  only  indicated  by  the  words  of  lamentation 
(in  which  the  sin  is  actually  named)  that  come 
gurgling  up  with  the  bubbles  through  the  slimy 
water.  This  view,  which  is  plainly  suggested 
by  the  words,  seems  to  have  been  unquestioned 
until  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century,  when 
Daniello  of  Lucca,  a  painstaking  and  intelligent, 
but  rather  hair-splitting  commentator,  boggled 
over  the  apparent  difficulty  that  accidia  is  not 
obviously  a  sin  of  incontinence,  and  had  there- 
fore no  business  to  be  found  in  this  quarter  of 
the  infernal  regions.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  the  age  in  which  Daniello  lived  was  not 
precisely  steeped  in  theology,  and  that  that 
estimable  person,    as  likely  "as  not,  had   never 


looked   into  the  '  BonuM  Theologiea.1    If   he 

had  done  so,  lie  would  have  found  his  difficulties 
entirely  i  '  «,  as  understood  by  a 

medieval    theologian,  was  a  spiritual  suite  ••( 

which  Aristotle  could  hardly  have  formed  any 
notion,  so  that  he  may  be  excused  for  omitting 
it  from  his  classification  of  "things  to  be  avoided 
from  ,i  moral  point  of  view."  Dante  was  tie  I 
fore  free  to  treat  it  as  he  liked,  and  as  we  have 
said,  the  words  of  his  teacher  Aquinas  gave  him 
ample  warrant  for  grcuping  it  with  the  sin 
uK/jao-tu,  even  if  his  own  knowledge  of  the 
human  heart  had  not  led  him  to  see  how  closely 
akin  the  temper  implied  by  accidia  is  to  that 
which  makes  a  man  break  out  in  raging  am. 
But  into  this  Dr.  Scartazzini  does  not  go.  He 
gives  a  list  of  commentators,  "Bocc,  Benv., 
Barg.,  Dol.,  Tom.,"  and  so  forth,  on  one  side, 
and  another,  as  "Port.,  Pogg.,  Corn.,"  on  the 
other  side,  calls  the  difficulty  "little  less  than 
insoluble,"  and  passes  on  to  the  next  word  with- 
out any  attempt  to  settle  the  previous  question 
whether  there  be  any  difficulty  at  all. 

Another  passage  to  which  Dr.  Scartazzini  has 
devoted  nearly  a  whole  page,  and  which  might 
have  been  dealt  with  in  a  few  lines,  is  that  near 
the  beginning  of  'Inf.'  xv.,  in  which  it  is  im- 
plied that  the  head  waters  of  the  Brenta  are  in 
a  district  called  "Chiarentana,"  a  name  which  in 
the  Italian  of  the  time  means  Carinthia,  and 
nothing  but  Carinthia.  No  difficulty  was  felt 
about  this  (though  one  or  two  commentators, 
among  them  our  friend  Daniello,  took  it  for 
the  name  of  a  mountain,  perhaps  somewhat  as 
the  undergraduate  explained  Gamaliel  as  "an 
exceeding  high  mountain  in  Samaria ")  until 
some  wiseacre  in  the  present  century  discovered 
that  Val  Sugana,  in  which  the  Brenta  rises,  is 
some  way  from  the  modern  Carinthia.  A  dozen 
pamphlets  and  articles  seem  to  have  been  the 
result,  and  all  sorts  of  wild  interpretations 
were  suggested.  Even  the  learned  Witte,  it 
appears,  was  led  astray.  Dr.  Scartazzini  takes 
the  right  view  ;  but  it  would  surely  have  been 
enough  to  have  referred  to  any  chronicler  or 
historian  of  the  period,  or  even  to  an  historical 
atlas,  to  show  that  the  Duchy  of  Carinthia  had 
once  extended  almost  to  Trent,  and  that  even 
in  Dante's  time  the  dukes  still  claimed  the 
lordship  of  the  Brenta  valley. 

With  all  his  superfluity  of  borrowed  lore 
Dr.  Scartazzini  sometimes  contrives  to  miss  a 
very  obvious  illustration.  Thus  the  curious  use 
of  (jemere  in  the  sense  of  "to  trickle"  or  "drip" 
(not  improbably  an  earlier  sense  than  that  of 
"groan"),  occurring  twice  in  the  '  Commedia,' 
is  to  be  found  again  in  the  Latin  of  '  De  Vulg. 
El.,'  to  which  a  reference  should  certainly  have 
been  given. 

It  is  needless  to  go  through  every  instance  of 
the  cumbersome  fashion  of  exegesis  which  seems 
to  meet  the  wants  of  Italian  students,  but  one 
other  case  may  be  cited,  as  affording,  when 
taken  with  Dr.  Moore's  treatment  of  the  same 
passage,  a  good  contrast  between  the  business- 
like and  the  unbusinesslike  method  of  comment. 
In  'Par.,'  xxvii.  137,  after  a  passage  dealing 
with  the  tendency  of  all  things  left  to  them- 
selves to  degenerate,  comes  the  following  :  "So 
at  the  first  look  grows  dark  the  white  skin  of 
the  daughter  of  him  who  brings  morning  and 
leaves  evening, "i.e.,  of  the  sun.  Now  who  is  "the 
daughter  of  the  sun"?  "Human  nature"or  "  the 
human  race,"  say  most  of  the  old  commentators, 
from  whom  Dr.  Scartazzini  quotes  long  screeds. 
He  also  quotes  "Com.  Lips.,"  under  which 
modest  alias  he  is  believed  to  disguise  himself, 
in  favour  of  interpreting  the  phrase  as  denoting 
the  Church  ;  as  thus  :  He  who  brings  morning, 
&C.  the  sun  ;  but  Dante  sometimes  calls  God 
"  the  Sun  ";  and  the  Church  is  the  daughter  of 
God  ;  ergo.  He  does  not  see  that  though  A 
may  be  metaphorically  applied  to  B,  it  does  not 
follow  that  rnru  phrase  descriptive  of  A  may 
also  be  so  applied.  This  was  the  error  of  the 
boy  who  rendered  "The  Lord  is  a  man  of  war  " 
by  "  Namque  Deus  noster  bellica  navis  erat." 


N°3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


243 


(It  is  odd  how  often  Dr.  Scartazzini's  reasonings 
remind  us  of  the  schoolboy  and  the  under- 
graduate !)  It  will  be  observed  that  he  has 
altogether  omitted  to  consider  (though  here  Dr. 
Poletto's  dictionary  might  have  shown  him  the 
way)  whether  any  parallel  phrase  could  be 
traced  in  any  of  the  authors  whom  Dante  is 
known  to  have  studied  ;  and  yet  it  must  be 
abundantly  manifest  —  indeed,  it  has  been 
pointed  out  in  these  columns— that  researches 
in  this  direction  offer  the  best  chance  of  clearing 
up  the  surviving  obscurities  in  the  "  Minerva 
oscura  "  of  Dante.  "Hie  est aut nusquam  quod 
quserimus." 

Which  brings  us  to  Dr.  Moore.  So  impressed 
is  he  with  the  importance  of  the  method  just 
indicated  that  he  has  been  at  the  pains  of 
noting  more  than  1,500  passages— and  these 
only  from  authors  not  later  than  Boethius— 
which  may  with  more  or  less  certainty  be 
assumed  to  have  influenced  Dante's  expression 
in  as  many  passages  of  his  works.  He  divides 
them  methodically  into  three  classes  :  "  (a) 
direct  citations  ;  (b)  obvious  references  or  imita- 
tions ;  (c)  allusions  and  reminiscences,"  and 
gives  the  result  in  two  indexes,  first  in  the 
order  of  authors  quoted,  secondly  in  the  order 
of  Dante's  works,  the  whole  occupying  some 
seventy-five  pages  of  his  volume.  The  bulk  of 
the  volume  contains,  besides  an  essay  on  the 
general  subject,  discussions  of  a  large  number 
of  selected  passages,  showing  how  the  recogni- 
tion of  their  parentage  aids  in  the  solution  of 
questions  of  interpretation  or  reading.  Thus, 
referring  to  the  "  bella  figlia "  passage  men- 
tioned above,  he  points  out  that  it  is  "almost 
unintelligible  unless  familiarity  with  certain 
passages  of  Aristotle  be  supposed."  In  about 
a  quarter  of  the  number  of  words  employed  by 
Dr.  Scartazzini  to  leave  the  passage  rather  more 
obscure  than  he  found  it,  Dr.  Moore  gives  the 
dictum  of  Aristotle  which  Dante  no  doubt  had 
in  mind,  shows  that  it  was  familiar  to  him,  and 
makes  the  obscurity  clear  to  any  reasonable 
mind. 

It  will  not,  of  course,  be  supposed  that  Dr. 
Moore  has  found  the  key  to  all  the  unsolved 
difficulties  in  Dante.  There  is,  for  instance, 
the  famous  passage  in  which  Virgil  mentions,  at 
the  gate  of  the  inner  Hell,  that  he  has  been 
there  once  already  at  the  bidding  of  the  witch 
Erichtho,  who  had  sent  his  spirit  down  just 
after  his  death — Erichtho,  as  we  know  from 
Lucan,  operated  by  preference  with  "fresh" 
ghosts — to  bring  up  some  other  spirit  "from 
the  circle  of  Judas."  The  whole  thing  is  so 
detailed  as  to  leave  no  doubt  that  Dante  had 
some  special  legend  in  his  mind,  but  so  far  no 
other  allusion  to  it  has  been  found.  All  that 
Dr.  Moore  can  do  is  to  criticize  the  various 
suggestions  that  have  been  offered,  and  show 
that  none  of  them  will  hold  water  for  a  moment. 

Here  and  there,  perhaps,  some  readers  will 
think  that  the  principle  has  been  pushed  rather 
too  far,  and  that  either  the  suggested  allusion 
is  a  little  fanciful,  or  the  interpretation  based 
on  it  not  quite  sound.  Thus,  in  'Inf.,'  i.  61, 
rovinava  can  surely  mean  nothing  but  "  was 
descending  headlong. "  It  is  the  only  meaning 
ever  found  in  Dante,  or,  it  may  be  said,  con- 
sistent with  the  derivation  of  the  word.  There 
is  very  likely  an  allusion  to  the  "  nesciunt  ubi 
corruunt  "  of  the  Vulgate  in  Prov.  iv.  19,  where 
our  version  has  "They  know  not  at  what  they 
stumble  "  ;  but  it  does  not  follow  from  this  that 
<onuere,  still  less  rovviare,  may  be  rendered 
by  "to  stumble."  Dante  had,  as  we  know, 
mounted  a  little  way  up  the  hill,  and  at  the 
night  of  the  three  wild  beasts  he  fled  pre- 
cipitately down.  Again,  in  'Purg.,'  x.  120, 
if  the  use  of  the  word  "  picchia  "  contains  an 
allusion  to  the  publican  "smiting  upon  his 
breast,"  one  can  only  say  that  Dante  did  not 
clearly  see  his  own  picture  ;  for  it  is  hard  to 
imagine  any  attitude  in  which  it  would  be  more 
difiicult  to  beat  the  breast  than  that  in  which 
the  shades  are  imagined,  viz.,  with  knees  and 


chin  almost  touching.  Between  these  two  refer- 
ences, by  the  way,  comes  a  very  convincing  and 
(in  a  small  way)  illustrative  one.  The  expres- 
sion in  'Purg.,' vi.  109,  "la  pressura  de'  tuoi 
gentili,"  is  traced  to  the  "pressura  gentium  "  of 
St.  Luke  xxi.  25.  The  connexion  can  hardly  be 
doubted  ;  but  did  Dante  really  think  that  his 
"  gentili  "  was  in  any  way  a  representative  of 
"gentium"?  Did  he  so  entirely  identify  the 
feudal  nobility  with  the  nation  1  "  Der  Mensch 
fangt  von  den  Baronen  an,"  said  a  great  Austrian 
lady  once  on  a  time. 

One  cannot  often  charge  Dr.  Moore  with  an 
obvious  oversight,  but  we  think  that  he  has 
been  guilty  of  one  in  dealing  with  the  obscure 
line,  '  Par.,'  ix.  123,  "  Che  s'  acquisto  con  1'  una 
e  1'  altra  palma."  Whatever  the  victory  so  won 
may  have  been,  it  can  hardly  be  doubted  that 
Dante  had  in  mind  the  verse  "  in  montem  quem 
acquisivit  dextera  ejus  " — in  our  versions  Psalm 
lxxviii.  54  or  55. 

It  is,  however,  impossible  here  to  do  much 
more  than  heartily  commend  this  book  to  all 
students  of  Dante  who  wish  to  be  put  on  the 
right  road  of  study.  Dr.  Scartazzini,  with  all 
his  undoubted  learning,  represents  a  method  of 
comment  which  has  been  worked  for  all  that  it 
is  worth.  Read  the  old  commentators  and  the 
newer  by  all  means.  You  will  find  much  that 
is  entertaining  in  them,  and,  in  the  case  of  the 
very  old  ones,  much  that  is  instructive.  But 
an  editor  ought  to  use  his  judgment  upon  them 
and  leave  alone  those  whom  he  judges  to  be  in 
error,  or  at  most  send  his  readers  to  them  to 
judge  for  themselves.  To  those  who  really  wish 
to  help  forward  the  study  we  say,  Read  your 
Dante  till  you  know  him  well,  and  then  read 
anything  you  please.  It  will  be  odd  if  you  do 
not  find  at  every  turn  something  which  will 
illuminate  him  for  you  as  no  commentary  will 
ever  do. 

A  third  way  of  dealing  with  Dante  which 
appears  to  enjoy  some  popularity  in  Italy  is 
exemplified  in  the  work  of  the  late  Signor 
Pasqualigo.  This  consists,  it  would  seem,  in 
taking  a  sentence  and  writing  down  every  con- 
ceivable bit  either  of  information  or  of  re- 
flection that  can  be  suggested  by  it.  For 
example,  at  the  end  of  chap.  iii.  of  the  '  Vita 
Nuova  '  Dante  makes  the  apparently  innocent 
remark  that  something  "  is  now  manifest  to  the 
simplest."  For  the  better  understanding  of  this 
Signor  Pasqualigo  proceeds  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  now  manifest  to  the  most  simple,  taking 
'  simple  '  to  mean  uncultured,  material,  ignorant, 
and  the  like.  Because,  as  it  has  been  said,  if  a 
thing  is  clear  and  open  to  the  most  ignorant  or 
gross,  it  follows  of  logical  necessity  that  it  is  also 
clear  and  open  to  those  who  are  learned  and  of  keen 
understanding." 

Then  he  informs  us  that  "simple  "  is  opposed  to 
"multiple,"  and  a  number  of  passages  where 
Dante,  Horace,  and  Cicero  use  the  word  are 
cited  at  length.  Then  it  is  stated  what  St.  Basil 
says  is  the  Greek  for  "simple,"  and  St.  Bona- 
ventura  is  quoted  to  prove  that  spirit  is  simple 
and  matter  is  multiple.  Next  a  page  is  filled 
with  two  extracts  from  the  '  De  Monarchia,'  in 
one  of  which  the  word  molliplicati  occurs,  while 
in  the  other  it  does  not.  In  this  way  nearly 
ten  pages  are  easily  filled  up,  and  by  this  time, 
a  similar  treatment  having  been  applied  to  what 
goes  before,  we  have  completed  three  chapters 
of  the  text  and  438  octavo  pages  of  comment. 
Now  the  '  Vita  Nuova '  contains  forty-three 
chapters.  The  reader  can  hardly  feeleither  surprise 
or  regret  that  the  MS.  left  by  Signor  Pasqualigo 
ends  here.  Out  of  all  the  waste  of  words  the 
most  original  suggestion  that  one  carries  away 
is  that  the  writer  believed  the  "sin  against 
nature  "  for  which  Dante  condemned  his  old 
friend  Brunctto  to  eternal  torment  was — the 
having  written  his  chief  work  in  French  ! 
Signor  Pasqualigo  seems  also  to  have  held  that 
Beatrice  is  purely  symbolical,  and  denotes 
Christian  piety.  Some  English  students  have, 
wo  regret  to  say,  been  of  late  bitten  with  the 
same  fad,  and  not  long  ago  we  saw  an  attempt 


to  depict  Dante  as  a  kind  of  early  Tractarian  on 
that  basis.  One  only  wonders  where  such 
people  can  have  lived,  and  what  they  can  have 
read.  Surely  any  one  who  was  ever  himself  in 
love,  "ciascun'  alma  presa,"  must,  as  Dante 
says,  "  recognize  the  traces  of  the  ancient 
flame,"  while  no  one  who  has  read  mediaeval 
literature  ever  so  slightly  will  find  anything  to 
puzzle  him  in  the  mystical  language  and  setting. 
If  Beatrice  was  a  real  woman,  the  '  Vita  Nuova  ' 
is  intelligible  enough,  if  a  little  fantastic  to  our 
notions  ;  if  she  was  not,  it  is  little  better  than 
the  'Book  of  Mormon.' 

Perhaps  no  one  book  is  so  important  to  the 
student  of  Dante  as  the  '  Chronicle '  of  his  con- 
temporary Villani.  The  two  men  were  almost 
certainly  acquainted,  and  though  the  historian 
contrived  to  avoid  giving  offence  to  the  faction 
which  banished  the  poet,  it  is  easy  to  see  that 
he  had  no  great  sympathy  with  its  methods. 
It  would  seem  highly  probable  that  communica- 
tions went  on  between  them  after  the  great  dis- 
ruption of  1302  ;  and  though  most  of  the  direct 
quotations  from  Dante  found  in  modern  editions 
of  Villani  are  most  likely  later  interpolations, 
there  are  too  many  correspondences  of  phrase 
to  allow  us  to  doubt  that  he  was  thoroughly 
familiar  with  Dante's  work.  His  history  may, 
indeed,  almost  be  regarded  as  the  first  com- 
mentary on  the  'Commedia.'  This  being  so,  it 
is  amazing  to  see  the  neglect  with  which  it  has 
been  treated  in  Italy.  There  is  not  a  single 
edition  of  any  critical  value— not  even  one  in 
which  any  serious  attempt  has  been  made  to 
put  straight  the  many  difficulties  of  the  ex- 
tremely unsatisfactory  text.  Yet  Italian  scholars 
have  time  enough  to  spend  on  futilities  such  as 
those  to  which  we  have  more  than  once  called 
attention.  A  good  edition  of  Villani  well  anno- 
tated would  be  worth  all  the  Giomale  Dantesco, 
with  a  good  many  recent  works  thrown  in.  Will 
not  Prof.  Villari  think  of  it  ?  He,  if  any  one,  is  the 
man  for  the  work.  Meanwhile  Miss  Selfe  and  Mr. 
Wicksteed  have  deserved  well  of  English  readers 
by  producing  a  translation  of  such  parts  of  "Villani 
as  serve  more  directly  to  illustrate  Dante,  with 
marginal  references  to  the  appropriate  passages 
of  his  works,  untranslated  intervals  being  indi- 
cated by  the  insertion  of  all  the  chapter-head- 
ings. The  rendering,  so  far  as  we  have  tested 
it,  seems  very  accurate,  the  simple,  naive  style 
of  the  original  being  well  preserved.  It  is  per- 
haps a  pity  that  Miss  Selfe  has  thought  it  neces- 
sary to  impart  an  archaic  air  by  writing  "  which  " 
for  v:ho,  and  translating  verbatim  such  ex- 
pressions as  "per  la  qual  cosa."  What  would 
she  do,  we  wonder,  with  conciossiacosache  ? 
French  'and  other  foreign  names  have,  as  a  rule, 
been  correctly  extracted  from  the  disguise,  often 
most  perplexing,  under  which  Villani  presents 
them,  though  "  Monsimpeveri,"  where  the 
French  beat  the  Flemings,  should  be  Mons- 
en-Puelle,  not  "  en-Sevele  ";  but  the  restoration 
to  the  native  form  is  not  always  consistently 
done.  Thus  we  find  on  two  consecutive  pages 
"Jean  de  Cle"ry,"  "  Alardo  di  Valleri,"  and 
"  Guy  of  Montfort."  A  similar  inconsistency  is 
observable  in  the  rendering  of  the  Italian  di. 
Thus  "Guglielmino  of  the  Ubertini "  ^rubs 
shoulders  with  "Guglielmino  de'  Pazzi,"  and 
"Pope  Nicholas  d'Ascoli"  with  "Brother 
Peter  of  Morrone."  Mr.  Wicksteed 's  in- 
troduction is  much  to  the  purpose.  He 
briefly  explains  the  principle  on  which  the 
selections  have  been  made,  pointing  out  how, 
especially  from  Book  IV.  to  Book  \  1 1 1 . , 
"  chapter  after  chapter  reads  like  a  continuous 
commentary  on  'Purg.,'  vi.  127-151,"  while 
"there  is  hardly  a  sentence  that  does  not 
lighten  and  is  not  lightened  by  some  passage" 
i,r the  poem.  This  "continuous  commentary  " 
is  indeed,  as  he  says,  far  more  instructive 
than  passages  strewn  through  notes.  Inci- 
dentally    he     has     an     interesting    observation 

bearing  on  the  importance  of  the  seldom  read 
'  Eclogues '  as  affording  a  clue  to  the  date  of  the 
production  of  the  'Paradise,'  and  fixing  it  in 


24  1 


T  II  E    AT  II  EN  M  U  M 


N»36*7,  Feb.  20,  'U7 


tho   vrr\  j  of   Dante's   lifo  ;  though   wo 

;iiv  not  certain  that,  because  I  >.'ii  1 1 «.'  MM  .still  at 
w<'ik  upon  tliat  <li vision  of  tin.*  poem,  DO  part  of 

it  had  as  yel  appeared-  Then  follows  ■  abort 
estimate  of  the  historical  value  of  Villani'a 
»ork,  taking  the  reasonable  Hew  that  while 
we  may  acoept  liim  as  exoelli  nt  evidenoc  for  his 

own  time  and  locality,  in  regard  to  past  history 
lie  has  not  (nor,  indeed,  dors  he  claim  to  have) 
any    more    trustworthy    information    than    any 

other  medieval  chronicler.  The  most  important 

section  of  the  introduction  is  that  headed  "On 
the  Rationale  of  the  Revolutions  of  Florence." 
Avowedly  based  on  Prof.  Villari's  recent  work, 
it  forms  the  dearest  and  most  accurate  view  of 
that  complicated  story  that  has  been  printed  in 
English  ;  and  the  estimate  of  Dante's  own  posi- 
tion is  equally  good.  As  Mr.  Wicksteed  asks 
that  his  attention  may  be  called  to  any  important 
reference  omitted,  we  may  point  out  that  on 
p.  166  we  miss  any  notice  that  the  murder  of 
the  Abbot  of  Vallombrosa  is  spoken  of  in 
'Inf.,'  xxxii.  119-20. 


SHORT    STOIUES. 

The  heroine  of  Mrs.  Lynn  Linton's  first  story, 
'Twixt  Cup  and  Lip  (Digby,  Long  &  Co.),  is 
described  with  zest  :  — 

"Tall,  well-proportioned,  frank,  free,  and  English 
to  the  backbone,  she  was  a  girl  with  more  strength  of 
character  than  intellect,  pure  and  simple,  and  as  free 
from  sophistry  as  from  affectation.  She  was  free  in- 
deed from  every  form  of  humbug  and  superstition. 
She  thought  life  eminently  worth  living— especially 
when  Beltrain's  love  was  superadded,  but  she  held 
honour  as  the  highest  thing  in  life,  and  would  not 
have  bought  either  safety  or  happiness  by  bartering 
away  the  smallest  friuge  of  this  supreme  posses- 
sion." 

Her  brave  qualities  stand  her  in  stead  when 
Beltrain's  birth  is  proved  unlawful  and  she  is 
urged  to  resign  a  love  no  longer  gilded  with 
worldly  estimation  and  prosperity.  She  sets  her 
persecutors  at  defiance  in  the  old  idyllic  fashion  : 
"  Softly  she  came  down  the  stairs,  her  feet  falling 
like  snowflakes  on  the  steps ;  softly  she  went  tli rough 
the  noiselessly  opened  door  on  to  the  lawn  where  her 
young  lover  stood  ;  and  softly,  hand  in  hand,  they 
passed  into  the  safety  of  the  perfumed  night,  their 
sorrows  left  behind  them,  and  the  wine-cup  of  love's 
delight  fairly  at  their  lips." 

This  tale  of  true  love  is  contrasted  with  the 
tragic  fate  of  'The  Hermit  of  Lone  Head,'  the 
poor  mad  murderer,  who  breathes  his  last  in 
presence  of  the  daughter  whom  he  takes  for  the 
love  of  his  youth.  '  A  Contest  of  Wits  '  is  a 
clever  study  of  an  ambitious  coquette  ;  but  we 
cannot  agree  with  the  author's  legal  opinion  on 
the  validity  of  Rosa's  matrimonial  coup  in  Scot- 
land. "  Oxter,"  for  oxer,  is  a  curious  verbal  slip. 
Some  slighter  stories  conclude  the  volume. 

Tom  Saicyer,  Detective,  and  other  Tales.  By 
Mark  Twain.  (Chatto  &  Windus.)— With  grate- 
ful recollections  of  the  first  book  in  which  Tom 
Sawyer  appeared,  one  is  ready  to  accept  any- 
thing further  that  Mark  Twain  is  willing  to  tell 
about  him.  If,  as  in  the  case  of  some  other 
boys,  he  grows  less  attractive  as  he  grows  older, 
it  must  be  remembered  that  he  has  become  a 
hero  suffering  from  the  difficulty  of  living  up  to 
his  position.  He  does,  in  fact,  in  his  experi- 
ences as  an  amateur  detective  exhibit  the  cha- 
racteristic sign  of  one  striving  with  past  fame — 
a  tendency  to  dulness.  Huck  Finn,  who  tells 
the  story,  seems  to  be  less  weighted  with  re- 
sponsibility, and  is  very  vivacious  for  a  hero- 
worshipper.  It  must,  however,  be  regretted 
that  he  had  not  a  better  story  to  tell.  In  a 
chapter  headed  "  How  to  tell  a  Story "  the 
author  dogmatizes  upon  the  characteristics  of 
humorous,  comic,  and  witty  stories.  The  hu- 
morous story  is  claimed  as  an  essentially  Ame- 
rican development.  Naturally  it  is  praised  as 
the  highest  of  these  kinds  of  story.  But  then, 
unfortunately,  the  writer  gives  a  sample  of  the 
comic  story  and  of  the  humorous  story.  To 
English  readers  Mark  Twain  proves  the  case 
against  himself.      The  comic  story  (possibly  a 


•  I  •  Mi  is  good,  the  humorous  ntory  poor. 
To  convert  a  comic  story  into  a  humorous 
story  it  appears  that  the  narrator  should  spin 
it  out  with  "tedious  details  that  don't  belong 
in  the  tale  and  only  retard  it,"  and  should 
these  details  with  all  sorts  of  incongruities 
and  absurdities.  The  truth  is  that  Mark  Twain 
is  making  fun  of  his  readers,  and  is  really 
laughing  at.  what  is  known  as  American  humour. 
In  the  two  chapters  about  M.  Paul  B 
views  on  America  the  author  is,  however,  in 
earnest.  These  chapters  hardly  seem  worth 
reprinting.  Mark  Twain  has  not  succeeded  in 
inflicting  any  particularly  severe  chastisement 
on  M.  Bourget  or  on  Max  O'Rell,  who  sup- 
ported M.  Bourget  not  altogether  wisely. 

The  Tnttlebuni  Tales  of  W.  Carter  Platts 
(Digby,  Long  ft  Co.)  originally  entranced  the 
guileless  readers  of  the  Yorkshire.  Evening  Post. 
Their  wit  is  of  the  most  elementary  description, 
and  will  not,  we  fear,  raise  the  sickliest  of  smiles 
in  the  more  sophisticated  literary  circles  of  the 
metropolis. 

Many  Cargoes,  by  W.  W.  Jacobs  (Lawrence  & 
Bullen),  is  a  collection  of  stories  most  of  which 
appeared  in  Today  and  the  Idler.  They  deal 
almost  exclusively  with  the  humour  of  barge 
life  on  the  lower  reaches  of  the  Thames  and  the 
coast  of  the  Eastern  Counties,  and  are  excellent 
reading.  Mr.  Jacobs's  "ancient  mariners" 
remind  one  of  the  immortal  Dan  Peggotty  him- 
self, and  the  wilful  and  winsome  young  damsels, 
who  are  always  creating  for  themselves,  or 
having  created  for  them,  the  most  embarrassing 
situations  ashore  and  afloat,  are  quite  a  revela- 
tion. There  is  not  a  dull  line  in  the  book,  and 
if  any  fault  is  to  be  found  with  it,  it  is  merely 
that  there  is  a  slight  sameness  in  the  incidents 
described.  'The  Skipper  of  the  "Osprey,"' 
'Mated,'  and  'Mrs.  Bunker's  Chaperon'  are, 
perhaps,  as  good  samples  of  Mr.  Jacobs's 
wares  as  any  we  can  mention  ;  but  there  is 
really  very  little  to  choose,  in  point  of  merit, 
between  these  breezy  and  diverting  yarns. 

The  late  Mr.  Charles  Grant,  author  of  Stories 
of  Naples  and  the  Camorra  (Macmillan),  seems 
to  have  had  a  somewhat  curious  taste  in  human 
nature.  "I  love  no  people  like  the  Neapolitans," 
he  is  reported  to  have  said  to  the  friend  who 
writes  the  sketch  of  his  life  prefixed  to  these 
'  Stories  of  Naples ';  and  then  he  depicts  these 
people  as  murderers,  liars  of  a  particularly  mean 
type,  profligate,  superstitious  to  a  degree  which 
the  most  fetish-ridden  African  could  not  match. 
The  Camorra,  with  its  world-wide  notoriety  and 
claim  of  political  principles,  seems  to  be  pri- 
marily a  cross  between  a  trade  union  and  an 
association  for  the  alternate  encouragement  and 
blackmailing  of  criminals.  Thus  the  atmo- 
sphere of  Mr.  Grant's  four  stories — which  are 
practically  episodes  in  the  history  of  the  same 
set  of  personages,  one  group  or  another  becoming 
in  turn  the  protagonists  of  the  drama — is  not 
precisely  attractive,  nor  does  the  reader  find 
himself  much  in  sympathy  with  any  of  the 
characters  in  them.  At  the  same  time  it  cannot 
bo  denied  that  they  are  obviously  told  from  a 
thorough  acquaintance  with  the  life  that  is  de- 
scribed. Perhaps  the  good-natured  or  generous 
fisherman  Gabriele  is  the  personage  who  most 
attracts  us  ;  and  he  is  a  Calabrian.  Even  he, 
kindly  as  he  is,  commits  one  murder  in  the 
course  of  the  story  ;  but  it  must  be  owned  that 
the  colonel  whom  he  knifed  in  the  back  de- 
served all  he  got.  On  the  whole,  the  community 
which  Mr.  Grant  loved  appears,  seen  even  by 
the  favourable  light  in  which  he  views  its 
members,  to  stand  in  the  scale  of  civilization 
about  on  a  level  with  Bechuanas,  and  far  below 
Polynesians.  The  book  is  quite  worth  reading, 
in  spite  of  a  certain  want  of  liveliness  in  the 
style  and  rather  old-fashioned  methods  in  the 
construction  of  sentences  and  paragraphs,  which 
now  and  again  prevent  the  perusal  of  it  from 
being  an  absolute  relaxation. 

Turnpike  Tales,  by  Charles  L.  Marson 
(Mathews),  are  short  stories  of  a  rather  ambi 


tioua  kind,  and  are  not   without  literary  merit. 

'.Mr.    Lavender   and   his   Legacy'  is  a   pathetic 

nt  of  a  strangely  ill-aaaorted  couple — the 

old   rector  of    Harcby  on-the- Wold   and    his  in- 
renienf     little     mulatto     grandson.       'The 
Bishop'   presents  an   interesting   study  of    cha- 
racter,  though   its   central   incident  is  absurdly 

melodramatic,  not  to  say  impossible.    .Mr.  .V 
son   should   avoid   a  certain    tendency  to  i. 
smartness,    winch  occasionally   lands  him    peril- 
ously near  vulgarity  ;   but  in  other  respects  tho 
little  book,  if  it  is  a  first  attempt,  is  by  no  meant 
unpromising. 

Qhostty  By  the  Countess  of  Munster. 

(Hutchinson  A:  Co.) — The  average  mind  at  this 
end  of  the  century  has,  perhaps,  a  tendenc. 
scepticism.  But  this  consideration  apart,  it  is 
hard  to  believe  that  the  Countess  of  Muns' 
tales  will  carry  much  conviction.  Moreover,  in 
vouching  for  the  truth  of  one  or  two  of  them 
she  has  unconsciously  cast  a  slur  upon  the 
others.  It  must,  however,  be  admitted  that 
the  title  is  misleading.  At  least  three  of  the 
stories,  including  the  longest,  most  important, 
and  least  probable,  'The  Leather  Box,'  deal 
more  decidedly  with  madness  and  murder  than 
anything  less  canny.  There  is  also  a  little  tale 
of  feline  instinct — '  Only  a  Cat ' — so  prettily  told 
that  we  are  tempted  to  wish  the  author  had 
given  us  more  of  these  peaceful  domestic  scenes 
and  less  of  such  unlikely  horrors  as  '  The  Tyburn 
Ghost.'  Taking  the  book  as  a  whole,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  find  a  collection  of  more  unplea- 
sant stories  told  in  a  less  harmful  and  effective 
manner.  The  illustrations,  it  is  true,  do  their 
utmost  to  make  up  for  what  the  letterpress  lacks 
in  vividness,  and  were  they  not  grotesque  to 
childishness  they  would  be  still  more  alarming. 
As  it  is,  they  provide  a  reason,  and  the  only 
one,  for  not  placing  the  book  in  the  hands- 
of  very  young  people  or  of  those  possessed  of 
weak  nerves. 

In  the  Land  of  the  Harp  and  Feathers,  by  Mr. 
Alfred  Thomas  (Allenson),  contains  eighteen 
sketches  of  men  and  manners  in  a  Welsh 
village  some  sixty  years  since.  Though  all  the 
papers  are  carefully  written,  they  do  not  merit 
the  expression  "Idylls,"  which  the  author 
applies  to  them.  The  picture  of  life  contained 
in  the  book  is  interesting,  and  shows  that  no 
little  labour  has  been  expended  on  it.  The 
author  would  willingly  do  for  the  Welsh  vil- 
lagers of  1835-40  what  clever  pens  have  done 
for  various  localities  in  Scotland. 


OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  &Co.  publish  the  Letters 
from  the  Sudan  of  Mr.  E.  F.  Knight,  the  special 
correspondent  of  the  Times,  which  are  reprinted 
from  that  paper,  with  excellent  maps,  plans, 
and  some  of  the  best  illustrations  that  we  have 
seen.  One  representing  the  camp  at  night 
is  admirable  for  the  manner  in  which  it  brings, 
before  the  reader  the  moonlight  of  the  desert. 
The  letters  are  so  well  known  that  it  is  unneces- 
sary to  say  more  about  their  excellence. 

In  the  preface  to  The  Story  of  Australia 
(Osgood,  Mcllvaino  &  Co.)  the  author,  Mr. 
J.  S.  Laurie,  bespeaks  indulgent  considera- 
tion for  pages  written  in  the  "monotonous- 
bush,"  and  therefore  composed  under  many 
disadvantages.  From  internal  evidence,  and 
from  the  accuracy  of  his  local  knowledge, 
we  imagine  that  he  was  a  resident  in  Tas- 
mania, and  that  his  visits  to  the  mainland 
were  few  and  far  between.  For  nearly  all  his 
facts  he  is  indebted  to  former  writers,  whose 
works  he  diligently  studied  during  his  seclusion 
in  the  bush.  We  need  scarcely  say  that  he  has 
added  but  little  to  our  information,  but  what 
he  has  compiled  is  written  in  a  lively,  scholarly 
manner,  and  many  of  the  most  striking  points 
are  brought  out  in  bold  relief.  It  is  unnecessary 
to  discuss  afresh  the  academic  question  as  to 
who  was  the  discoverer  of  the  southern  con- 
tinent, whether  De  Gonneville  or  De  Quiros  is 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


245 


entitled  to  that  honour.  All  admit  that  the 
practical  pioneer  who  gave  to  the  world  the 
"  Great  South  Land "  was  Capt.  Cook,  who 
landed  on  it  on  April  19th,  1770.  Mr.  Laurie 
admits  this,  and  justly  remarks  that  the  mar- 
vellous development  which  has  since  taken  place 
must  not  be  taken  as  the  result  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  years  ;  that  the  real  history  of 
Australia  dates  from  1820,  when  the  young 
colony  received  its  first  great  impulse  from  the 
activity  of  Governor  Macquarie,  whom  he 
unduly  extols,  or  even  from  a  later  date, 
1854,  when  the  introduction  of  con- 
stitutional government  first  gave  to  the 
colonists  a  full  opportunity  for  self -development. 
In  this  we  cannot  agree  with  him.  New  South 
Wales  need  not  be  ashamed  of  its  origin. 
The  same  reproach  that  is  levelled  against 
her  may  be  urged  against  the  United  States 
of  America,  to  whose  shore  more  convicts 
were  transported  than  ever  were  sent  to 
New  South  Wales.  It  is  still  a  sore  subject 
with  some  Australians  descended  from  this  class, 
and  the  less  allusion  made  to  it  the  better. 
Mr.  Laurie  also  dilates  on  the  horrors  of  Port 
Arthur,  and  is  eloquent  on  the  wrongs  of  the 
aborigines  ;  we  cannot  controvert  his  state- 
ments, but  we  doubt  the  wisdom  and  the  taste 
which  give  them  prominence.  The  most  in- 
structive chapters  of  this  volume  are  those 
which  describe  Fiji  and  New  Guinea,  of  which 
countries  less  has  been  written.  This  affords 
our  author  a  better  chance  of  saying  something 
original  and  new,  and  of  bringing  the  know- 
ledge of  his  readers  up  to  date. 

Messrs.  Innes  &  Co.  publish  an  excellent 
account  of  the  Dongola  Expedition  by  Mr. 
Hilliard  Atteridge,  the  special  correspondent 
of  the  Daihj  Chronicle,  under  the  title  Totcards 
Khartoum.  The  book  is  bright,  readable,  ex- 
cellently illustrated,  supplied  with  admirable 
plans  of  the  engagements,  and  forms  a  complete 
and  valuable  record  of  the  expedition. 

Gray  Days  and  Gold  in  England  and  Scotland. 
By  William  Winter.  (Macmillan  &  Co.)— Mr. 
Winter  is  a  sentimentalist,  an  enthusiast,  and 
what  some  of  his  countrymen  would  call  an 
Anglomaniac.  His  veneration  for  English 
shrines  approaches  idolatry.  To  Englishmen  at 
least  his  books  are  pleasant  reading,  and  we 
should  be  glad,  after  reading  the  homage  he 
pays  to  Canterbury,  York,  and  Lincoln,  if  he 
would  visit  such  less  renowned,  but  not  less 
delightful  spots  as  Peterborough,  Ely,  Christ- 
church,  and  Wells.  His  delight  in  picturesque 
and  historical  pastoral  England  is  genuine,  and 
if  it  is  a  trifle  rhapsodical,  that  is  an  offence  we 
are  not  indisposed  to  condone.  His  book -of 
which  the  illustrations  only  are  new,  three 
editions  of  it  having  already  seen  the  light — 
bears  strong  witness  to  its  writer's  connexion 
with  the  stage.  It  is  dedicated  to  Mr.  Augustin 
Daly.  Sir  Henry  Irving,  Mr.  Ernest  Bendall, 
and  the  late  Frank  Marshall  were  its  author's 
companions  in  one  at  least  of  the  excursions 
depicted.  Stratford  and  its  surroundings  are 
the  places  that  interest  the  writer  most,  and 
references  to  actors,  from  Quin  to  Miss  Ellen 
Terry,  abound  in  its  pages.  Some  slips  there 
are:  "  Polly  Peachem "  for  Polly  Peachum  is 
a  curious  blunder,  and  "Dr.  Joseph  W/iarton" 
inflicts  on  an  amiable  and  accomplished  critic, 
or  on  his  ghost,  what  John  Philip  Kemble 
would  have  called  a  superfluous  "ache."  The 
illustrations  are  numerous  and  well  executed, 
.nid  are  likely  to  add  to  the  popularity  of  the 
book.  They  include  a  view  from  a  photogravure 
of  Peterborough,  but  the  cathedral  itself  is 
unvisited,  or  at  least  undescribed. 

Mr.  Heinemann-  prints  in  his  "Pioneer 
Series"  The  Little.  Regiment  ami  other  Episodes 
<>f  the  American  Civil  War  from  the  pen  of 
Mi".  Stephen  Crane,  who  on  this  occasion 
eqoali  bu  '  Red  Badge  of  Courage  '  and  excels 
his  'Maggie.'  The  extraordinary  power  of 
imagination   which  transports  tho   reader   into 


the  very  firing  line  of  the  Northern  troops 
of  1863  is  displayed  by  a  writer  born,  if  we 
mistake  not,  many  years  after  the  close  of  the 
scenes  which  he  describes,  and  is,  for  this 
reason,  more  wonderful  than  that  of  Defoe. 
Mr.  Crane's  English,  when  he  writes  in  his 
own  person,  is  his  own,  and  follows  no  known 
rule  as  to  the  use  and  even  the  meaning  of 
words.  It  is  in  dialogue  that  he  is  at  his 
strongest,  for  in  this  the  words  are  used  as  the 
soldiers  would  have  used  them. 

In  Ancient  Ideals,  2  vols.  (Putnam's  Sons), 
Mr.  H.  O.  Taylor  has  attempted  "a  new  his- 
torical survey  of  the  mental  and  spiritual  growth 
of  mankind.''  So  large  and  important  a  subject 
demands  a  compression  of  matter  and  an  extent 
of  knowledge  which  are  beyond  Mr.  Taylor. 
His  book  is  deficient  in  critical  power,  and, 
whether  dealing  with  Euripides  or  Koheleth, 
inadequate  and  unjust.  The  number  of  mis- 
prints gives  it,  too,  a  most  slovenly  appearance. 

Messrs.  P.  S.  King  &  Son  publish  a  most 
interesting  paper  -  covered  volume,  entitled 
Employers'  Liability:  What  Ought  It  To  Be? 
by  Mr.  Henry  Wolff,  of  People'sBanks  celebrity. 
As  will  be  expected  by  those  who  have  read  the 
author's  previous  articles,  he  is  favourable  to 
the  principle,  although  not  to  all  the  details,  of 
the  German  scheme  of  accident  insurance. 

The  Rivicras  (G.  Allen),  by  Mr.  Hare, 
detached  from  his  well-known  guide-books,  will 
prove  useful  to  tourists. 

Mr.  H.  S.  C.  Everard  has  added  to  the 
large  literature  of  golf  a  useful  little  volume 
on  Golf  in  Theory  and  Practice  (Bell  &  Sons), 
illustrated  by  excellent  photographs.  His 
directions  to  the  beginner  are  simple  and 
sensible,  and  his  remarks  on  the  etiquette  of 
the  game  are  particularly  appropriate  at  a 
time  when  a  number  of  those  who  have  of 
late  years  taken  up  the  game  appear  to  think 
that  there  are  no  courtesies  to  be  observed. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  have  sent  us 
shilling  editions  of  David  Copperfield  and  Little 
Dorrit  well  bound  in  cloth.  They  are  wonder- 
fully cheap,  but  we  wish  a  little  better  paper 
could  have  been  afforded. — Editions  at  three- 
pence each  of  Peter  Simple,  Notre  Dame,  Hard 
Times,  and  Ainsworth's  Old  St.  Pard's  have  been 
sent  to  us  by  Messrs.  Routledge,  but  in  these 
double  columns  are  used. 

In  Prose  Tales  by  Edgar  Allan  Poe  Messrs. 
Routledge  have  reprinted  in  a  handy  form 
twelve  examples  of  the  American  classic,  with 
an  introduction  by  Mr.  Lowell.  The  selection 
is  good,  and  we  miss  only  •  The  Cask  of  Amon- 
tillado.' 

That  excellent  work  Tlie  Newspaper  Pi'css 
Directory  has  just  reached  us  from  Messrs.  C. 
Mitchell  &  Co.  An  article  on  •  Women's  Work 
in  the  Press  '  adds  to  the  attractiveness  of  the 
volume. 

We  have  on  our  table  Essays  and  Addresses, 
by  Sir  J.  Russell  Reynolds,  Bart.,  M.D.  (Mac- 
millan), —  The  History  of  the  Last  Quarter- 
Century  in  the  United  States,  1870-18U5,  by 
E.  Benjamin  Andrews,  2  vols.  (Kegan  Paul), — 
The  Balkans,  by  W.  Miller  (Fisher  Unwin),— 
The  Gronih  of  the  French  Nation,  by  G.  B.  Adams 
(Macmillan), — Chronologies  and  Calendars,  by 
J.  C.  Macdonald  (Andrews  A  Co.),  —  The  Hidden 
Lives  of 'Shakespeare  and  Bacon,  by  W.  G.  Thorpe 
(Chiswick  Press), — Enfranchisement  and  Citizen- 
sin)):  Addresses  and  Papers,  by  E.  L.  Pierce, 
edited  by  A.  W.  Stevens  (Boston,  U.S., 
Roberts  Brothers), — Transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Literature,  Second  Series,  Vol. 
XVIII.  Part  II.  (Asher),—  Exercises  in  Practical 
Chemistry,  by  U.  L.  Taylor  (Low),— Selections 
from  the  iVoi'ki  if  Sir  "Richard  Steele,  edited  by 
G.  R.  Carpenter  ((linn),  —  American  Orations, 
edited  by  A.  .Johnston  and  J.  A.  Woodburn, 
Vol.  II.  (Putnam),— The  Growth  of  the  Tdylls  of 
the  King,  by  I!.  Jonea  (Lippincott), — Tin  Sense 
if    Beauty,     by    (!.     Santayana    (Black), ■-  The 


Sources  of  Spenser's  Classical  Mythology,  by  A.  E. 
Sawtelle  (New  York,  Silver,  Burdett  &  Co.), 
—  Continental  Chit-Chat,  by  Mabel  Humbert 
(White  &  Co.), — The  Beggars  of  Paris,  trans- 
lated from  the  French  of  M.  Louis  Paulian  by 
LadyHerschell  (Arnold), — Parents  and  Children, 
a  Sequel  to  '  Home  Education,'  by  Charlotte  M. 
Mason  (Kegan  Paul), — A  Note  on  the  Ancient 
Geography  of  Asia,  by  N.  Chandra  Das  (Cal- 
cutta, Buddhist  Text  Society  of  India),  — 
Magnetic  Fields  of  Force,  by  H.  Ebert,  trans- 
lated by  C.  V.  Burton,  Part  I.  (Longmans), — 
The  Story  of  the  Weather,  by  G.  F.  Chambers 
(Newnes), — Hymns  for  "  Diamond  Jubilee"  of 
Queen  Victoria  (Skeffington), — Patent  Law  and 
Practice,  by  A.  V.  Newton  (Cox), — Legal  Law: 
Curiosities  of  Law  and  Lawyers,  edited  by 
W.  Andrews  (Andrews  &  Co.),—  Caricatures  of 
Twenty -five  Gentlemen,  by  Max  Beerbohra 
(Smithers), — Boarding-House  Reminiscences,  by 
Juloc  (Fisher  Unwin),  —  The  Blackguard,  by 
R.  Pocock  (Beeman),  —  An  Oak  of  Chivalry, 
by  Mrs.  J.  Procter  (Digby  &  Long), — For  the 
White  Bose  of  Arno,  by  O.  Rhoscomyl  (Long- 
mans), —  The  Three  Daughters  of  Night,  by 
D.  Vane  (Hutchinson),— and  The  History  of  a 
Soid,  by  K.  Behenna  (Digby  &  Long). 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Creighton's   (Bp.)  History  of    the  Papacy  from  the   Great 

Schism  to  the  Back  of  Rome,  Vol.  1,  cr  Svo.  6/  cl. 
Eras  of  the  Christian  Church  :  Vol.  1,   The  Age  of  Hilde- 

brand,  by  M.  R.  Vincent ;  Vol.  2,  The  Age  of  the  Great 

Western  Schism,  by  C.  Locke;  Vol.  3,  The  Age  of  the 

Crusades,  by  J.  M.  Ludlow,  cr.  8vo.  6/ each. 
Keith's  (G.  S  )  Plea  for  a  Simpler  Faith,  cr.  Svo.  2/6  cl. 
Maturin's  (B.  W.)  Practical  Studies  on  the  Parables  of  our 

Lord,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Nevius's  (Rev.  J.  L.)  Demon  Possession  and  Allied  Themes, 

Svo.  7/6  net. 
Salmon's  (G.)  Some  Thoughts  on  the  Textual  Criticism  of 

the  New  Testament,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Wenley's  (R.  M.)  Contemporary  Theology  and  Theism,  4/6 

Law. 
Encyclopaedia  of  the  Laws  of    England,  edited  by  A.  W. 

Renton,  Vol.  1,  royal  8vo.  20/  net. 

Fine  Art  and  Archceology . 
Perkins's  (T.)  Handbook  to  Gothic  Architecture,  3/6  cl. 

roetry  and  the  Drama. 
Ballads,  Collection  of,  edited  by  Andrew  Lang,  18rao.  2/  cl. 
Betts's  (E.  St.  G.)  Sun  and  Mist,  Poems,  12mo.  3/6  net. 
Brewer's  (J.  F.)  The  Speculators,  a  Comedy,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Hill's  (A.  E.)  Elfinn's  Luck,  and  other  Poems,  4/6  net. 
Lefroy,  Edward  Cracroft,  his  Life  and  Poems,  with  Critical 

Estimate  of  the  Sonnets  by  J.  Symonds,  ft/  net. 
Palgrave's    (F.  T.)    Landscape   in  Poetry  from  Homer  to- 

Tennyson,  cr.  8vo.  7/6  c!. 
Smith's  (F.  J.J.)  The  Captain  of  the  Dolphin,  and  other 

Poems  of  the  Sea,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net. 
Thorpe's  (W.  G.)  The  Hidden  Lives  of    Shakespeare    and 

Bacon  and  their  Business  Connexion,  8vo.  5/  net. 
Philosophy. 
Scripture's  (E.  W.)  Thinking,  Feeling,  Doing,  cr.  8vo.  6/ cl. 

Political  Economy. 
Wright's  (C.  D.)  The  Industrial  Evolution  of  the  United 

States,  cr.  8vo.  6/ cl. 

History  and  Biography. 
Buckley,  John,  Life  Story  of,  a  Village  Politician,  edited  by 

J.  O.  Buckmaster,  cr.  Syo.  6/  cl. 
Frazer's  (R.  W.)  British   India,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl.     (Story  of  the 

Nations.) 
Judson's  (H.  P.)  Growth  of  the  American  Nation  ;  Europe 

in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  cr.  Svo.  6/ each,  cl. 
Maedonald's  (J.  C.)  Chronologies  and  Calendars,  cr.  8vo.  7/6 
Mait  land's  (F.  W.)  Domesday  -  Book    and    Beyond,  Three 

Essays  in  the  Early  History  of  England,  royal  »vo.  15/ cl. 
Smollett,  Tobias,  by  O.  Smeaton,  cr.  Svo.  2/6  cl.    (Famous 

Scot 8  Series.) 
Starr's  (F.)  Some  First  Steps  in  Human  Progress,  6/  cl. 
Stat.ham's  iF.  R.)  South  Africa  as  It  Is,  cr.  8vo.  to  8  Ol. 
Tryon,   Vice-Admiral     Sir    G.,    Life    of,    by    Hear-AdmirsJ 

C.  C.  P.  Fitzgerald,  8vo.  21/ cl. 
Woodward's     (W.    H.)    Vittorino    da    Feltre     and     other 

Humanist  Educators,  Eissays,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Geography  and  Travel. 
Beazley's  (C.  R.)  Dawn  of  Modern  Geography.  18/  cl. 
Jaccaci's  (A.  F.)  On  the  Trail  of  Don  Quixote,  Rambles  in 

La  Mancha,  8vo.  8,  6  net. 

Philology. 
Aristophanes'  Wasps,  literally  translated  by  J.  W.  Rundatl, 

cr.  8vo,  -"  »wd. 

Science. 
American  Text-Book  of  Prosthetic  Dentistry,  edited  by  C.  J. 

Bulg,  Svo.  26/  net. 
Dawson's  (Sir  J.  W.)  Relics  of  Friintrval  Life.  cr.  Svo.  6/  cl. 
Garckc's  (E  )  Manual  of  Electrical  Undertakings.  1896,  5/  cV. 
Qould  (Q    M   land  I'vle's  (W.  L.)  Anomalits  and  Curiosities 

of  Medicine,  royal  Svo.  84/  cl. 
Howard's  (W.  Yf.)  The  Evolution  of  the  Universe,  Svo.  12/6 
Howe's  (II.  A.)  A  Study  of  the  Skv.  cr.  Svo.  (',    ,1 

Imperial  Health  Manual,  ed.  by  A.  Boche,  cr.  Bto.  2/6  net. 

Ki  i  t>v's     fW.    K  ■)    Handbook    to    the    Order    Lepidoptera  : 
Vol.  4,  Moths,  Fart  S,  6/     (Allen's  Naturalists'  Library.) 


246 


T  II  E     AT  II  KXJ-;  c  m 


Knott'*  ((      Q)   Phytlot,    an     KlemeuUrj    . 
I  Diversity  Cliu*  i,  cr.  3vo    I  Ucl. 

v\     Ollnlcal  Papers  ,.,,  Surgical  fi  ol. 

"""■  (r.   \\     i       3eptl     (     ndlUont  ol   the  lr 
m.iii «iy  Canal  and  their  Treatment ,  8vo  7/flol 
^    M     H   .        .:  Points  in  Nursing,  1 

i  i.  -in  i-  b  ,11  i  Con,  i,  i,  Mi  nn,-  Interviews,  or  - 

'leys  (M.)  Iiijuius  ui„i  llm-asesol  the  liar,  l.'mu.  J,  ol. 
Generit  f.tteriiture. 

Bacons  Ks^y..  edited,  with  Introduction  end  Bob 

A.  B    \\.    i     1  _•■■..  J 

Beer's  (H.  A.)  Initial  Btudiei  In  American  Letter*, or,  8vo  6/ 
liurru«sl)1e  K    The  Way  of  the  Wind,  or.  8vo    iticl 
C»u»t<>ns(J    P.)  A  Modern  Judas,  cr  iva  t  ol 
Don  nrs  (Marie]  Zlska,  the  Problem  ol  a  Wicked  Soul  6/cl 
Directory  ,.|  Titled  Persons  for  I*'..;,  designed  us  u  Com- 
panion to  Wlnt.iker's  Altmiiiack.  cr.  >vo   |  0  cl 

|  "BdalljP.iand  BusseU's  (P.)  Out oi  the  Darkness,  8/ cl 
nelding's(H.)  The  History  of  Tom  Jones  in  "  cl 

Olyn's  (A.  L.)  A  Pearl  of  the  Bealm,  n  Story  of  Nonsucli 

Place,  cr.  8vo  t>   cl. 
aordon's  (80  A  Handful  of  Bxotlot,  Scenes  and  Incidents, 

chiefly  oi  Basso  Jewish  Life,  cr.  Bra  :<  ti  cl 
Griffith;.   (G)   Briton   or   Doer?    a  Talc  of  the   Fight    for 

Africa,  cr.  8vo.  ,'!  6  cl. 
Hill  (J  )  udBaooa's  id.  F.)  Dinah  Fleet,  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
llin.lle.  i  O.  I  Tale,  of  the  Bran,  cr.  8V0.8/8  net. 
Hunt  s  (L  )   llie  Months,  Successive  Beauties  of  the  Year 

liiographical  Introduction  by  W.  Andrew!   21  cl 
Ingatherings,  by  Filer,  cr.  Bvo.j/doL 
Kers  (W.    P.)    Epic  and   Komance,   Essay,    on    Medieval 

Literature,  8vo.  10/  net 
Le  Galliemie's  (R  )  The  Quest  of  the  Golden  Girl,  5/  net. 
Lyttons  (Lord)  The  Last  of  the  Barons,  illustrated  by  F 

Pegram.  cr.  8vo.  2  6  cl. 
Mathers'.  (H.)  Sam's  Sweetheart,  cr.  8vo.  3/6 cl. 
Molloy  s  (J.  F .)  A  Justined  Sinner,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl 
5rS?i 1U'n'%L  fC)T,1",c:,'ildhood'9Cou"try-imP-'l«mo.6/net. 

Mr?>,Tr0f-  oF-   ^ax)  Contribution!  to  the  Science  of 

Mythology,  2  vols.  8vo.  83/  cl 
My  Favourite  Recipes  for  Dainty  Dishes,  Cakes,  and  Con- 
fections, cr.  8vo.  ;i '  net. 
Pemberton's  (Max)  Christine  of  the  Hills,  cr.  8vo  6/  cl 
Raymond  a  (W.)  Charity  Chance,  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
Husse  I  stDora)  A  Man's  Privilege,  cheaper  edition,  2/6  cl 
Russell'.  (W.  Clark)  The  Tale  of  the  Ten,  a   Salt  Water 

Romance,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Sergeant's  (A.)  Told  in  the  Twilight,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
wTllnrH^  Ai-),n,tih05,t  Permi^>on.a  Book  of  Dedication.,  3/6 
Malforde   (LB.)    A    Question    of    Penmanship,    Stories. 

cheaper  edition,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl  »«»«■, 

Waller's  (S.  E.)  Sebastiani's  Secret,  cr.  8vo  6/cl. 
Walton  and  Cotton's  Compleat  Angler,  edited,  with  Intro- 

duction.  by  R.  LeGallienne,  royal  8vo   15/  net 

Wolff'.1  H(^)^"h  -the  R?dx  Eag,e^Cr  8vo.  6/ cl    " 

worn  .  .H .   W.)  Employers'  Liability,  What  Ought  It  To  Be  » 

ovo.  j/b  sewed. 
Yorke's  (C.)  A  Flirtation  with  Truth,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 

Greedr"  Aquh,aragii  Bar-Hebra;!  Scholia  in  Libros  Samuelis, 
ea.  i,.  ochlesinger,  2m. 

Fine  Art  and  Archreology. 
^rr4Vl8^Vl2m.riCht  "■  die   «riechi3<^   Epigraphik  f. 

Poetry. 
Richepin  (J.) :  Le  Chemineau,  4fr 
Roger-Miles  (L.)  :  Cent  Pieces  a  dire,  3fr.  50 
ZolatL.):  Messidor,  lfr. 

Philosophy . 
Brochard  (V  ) .-  De  TErreur,  5fr 

^■Sffiift  *?ll  Premi*re'  d'aprCs  lea  *»■*•  "x- 

B6%Cs<tfque.5)rSai8UrIe3F0ndement8  de  ta  Connais^nce 
History  and  Biography. 

*T£SfSl6fi  \ti  Duc  de  Kichelieu  e"  R-ie  *  » 

Fontane  (M.)  ■.  Les  Barbares,  7fr  50 
MaTlllrde/A?  :  IMu^ulm?ns  <*  Chretiens,  3fr.  50. 
Srk    fTr   TV  Le.Pre"?«nt  Felix  Faure,  3fr.  50. 

„  .        ,  Geography  and  Travel 

Se.ppel(P):  TerresLointaines.  Voyage  autour  du  Monde. 

Toutee  (Commandant) ,  Dahome,  Niger,  Touareg,  4fr. 

Science. 
Hesse's  (L.  O.)  gesammelte  Werke,  24m. 

General  Literature. 

l&P^i  *•»  ?0!iu<lu<»  <lu  Sultan,  3fr.  50. 
Buet  (C.) :  Acquitte,  3fr.  50 

&T?  (JJ  ;  L?  Hanf°n  de  l'Honneur,  3fr  B0 

aasg3rtSf5Jsft  lmu^-  *■ 

Pagat(H.):  Lea  Funerailles  de  I'Arirent  3fr   ^i 

sa,harr,n  ,2-! :  i"e  H  de  U  Mer'  3* •  '™ 
Scheffer  (H.) :  Le  Prince  Narcis.e,  3fr.  50 

H,!mo.(W  :  Le  Probleme  Social,  3fr 
Vellon,  (C  )  :  Mai, re  Down,  Mr.  60. 
Vo!,>T.wvi:  Lf  Tri,»»P»>e  du  Socialisme,  2fr  50. 
VoguC-  (V.comte  E.  M.  dc) ,  Jean  d'Agrtve.  Mn  50. 


N»  3617,  Feb.  20, 


:  in.   IPRDTG    im  BLISHUra 

M».  T.  Fi  in  i  In -.Ms  proposMi  to  publiab 
the  following  booki  in  the  ooming  teason. 
/'''■''■  md  Travel     '  Travellii  ■  i  in 

Sunt!. .in  France,'  bv  Hippolyte  AdolpheTaine, 
being  the  authorized  tranalation,  bj  Mr.  Lewie 
Sergeant,  B.A.,  <>f  'Oarneta  de  ^oyagi 
•  Sketches  a- Wheel  in  Fin-de-Siecle  Q>eria,' by 
.Mi.  and  Bin.  Workman,  illtutrated,— and  '''J'ho 
Printers  of  Basle  :  being  the  Autobiographies 
of  Tin. mis  and  Felix  Platter,'  edited  by  Ml 
C.  \V.  Hecketliorn,  illustrated.  History  : 
'The  Inner  Life  of  the  llou.se  of  Commons,1 
selected  from  the  writings  of  William  White, 
with  a  prefatory  note  by  his  son  and  an  intro- 
duction by  Mr.  Justin  McCarthy,  M.P.,  —  'Com- 
munism in  Middle  Europe  in  the  Time  of  the  lie- 
formation,'  by  Karl  Kautsky,  editor  of  Dk  Neue 
Zeit,  translated  from  the  German  by  Mr.  J.  L. 
and  Mrs.  E.  J.  Mulliken,— a  volume  of  "The 
Story  of  the  Nations,  "illustrated,  viz.,  '  Modern 
France, '  by  M .  Andre  Le  Bon,— and  two  volumes 
of  "The  Children's  Study,"  viz.,  'Old  Tales 
from  Greece,'  by  Miss  Alice  Zimmern,  and 
'France,'  by  Miss  Mary  Rowsell.  Theology: 
'  The  Shadow  Christ :  an  Introduction  to  Christ 
Himself,'  by  Mr.  Gerald  Stanley  Lee,  — and  'St. 
Mark's  Indebtedness  to  St.  Matthew,'  by  Mr. 
F.  P.  Badham.  Natural  Science  :  '  Glimpses 
into  Plant  Life,'  by  Mrs.  Brightwen,  illustrated, 
—and  '  Mother,  Baby,  and  Nursery  :  a  Manual 
for  Mothers,'  by  Mrs.  Genevieve  Tucker,  M  D 
Biography  :  'Twelve  Bad  Women,'  a  companion 
volume  to  'Twelve  Bad  Men,'  edited  by  Mr 
Arthur  Vincent,  illustrated,— and  'Life  of  Sir 
Henry  Parkes,  G.C.M.G.,'  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Lyne, 
formerly  editor  of  the  Sydney  Morning  Herald 
Essays:  'The  Burden  of  Life,'  essays  by  the 
late  J.  Hain  Friswell,  author  of  'The  Gentle 
Life,'  edited,  with  a  memoir,  by  his  daughter 
Laura  Hain  Friswell  (Mrs.  Myall).  Manuals  ': 
'  Quotations  for  Occasions,'  compiled  by 
Mrs.  Katherine  B.  Wood.  Poetry  :  '  Bards 
of  the  Gael  and  Gaul,'  a  volume  of  verse 
collected  and  edited  by  Mr.  George  Sigerson] 
with  a  photogravure  portrait  of  the  blind 
Irish  bard  Carolan,  —  and  '  Aphroessa,  and 
other  Poems,'  by  the  Hon.  George  Horton 
Fiction:  two  "Little  Novels,"  viz,  'A  Noble 
Haul,'  by  Mr.  Clark  Russell,  and  '  On  the  Gog- 
magogs,'  by  Mrs.  Alice  Dumillo,  — '  Sinbad 
Smith  &  Co.,'  by  Mr.  A.  Stearns,  illustrated,— 
'  A  Pot  of  Honey,'  by  Miss  Susan  Christian,'— 
'  The  Twilight  Reef,  and  other  Stories,'  by  Mr 
H.  C.  Mcllwaine,— 'The  Temple  of  Folly  a 
Novel,'  by  Mr.  Paul  Creswick,— '  Brer  Mortal,' 
by  Mr.  Ben  Marias,  illustrated  by  Mr.  Mark 
Zangwill,— '  In  an  Ancient  Mirror,'  a  satire  by 
Mr.  Herbert  Flowerdew,  —  '  Ivan  Alexandro- 
vitch,'  by  Andre"e  Hope  (Mrs.  Harvey  of  Ick well- 
Bury ),—' Craiktrees,'  by  Mr.  Watson  Dyke,— 
'Those  Dreadful  Twins  :  Middy  and  Bosun  '  by 
Themselves,  illustrated,—1  Behind  the  Stars  ' 
by  E.  L.  Dames,— and  'A  Great  Lie,' by  Mr 
Wilfrid  Hugh  Chesson.  '     7 

Messrs.  Skeffington  &  Son  announce  a  new 
work  by  the  Rev.  T.  Moore,  author  of  'The 
Englishman's  Brief,'  &c,  entitled  'The  Begin- 
nings of  the  English  Church  and  Kingdom 
explained  to  the  People,'— and  three  novels  ■ 
'As  a  Roaring  Lion,'  by  R.  Penderel,  the 
author  of  'Wilfred  Waide,'  &c;  'Sweet  Irish 
Eyes,  a  story  of  society  life,  by  Mrs.  Cuthell  ■ 
and  'God,  Man,  and  the  Devil,' a  novel  deal- 
ing with  the  marriage  question,  divorce,  Ac. 
by  E.  G.  Henham. 


SALE. 
Messrs.  SoTHBBT,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge  sold 
the  following  hooks  on  the  5th  inst.  •  G 
Buchanan,  P.salmorum  Davidis  Paraphrenia 
Poetica,  Pans,  in  ornamental  binding,  and  pro- 
bably the  dedication  copy  to  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  221.  Dorat,  Les  Baisers,  La  Hay.', 
1770,  20/.  10.s.  Comte,  English  Dance  of  Deatli 
and  Dance  of  Life,  1815-17  (imperfect),  Wl.  10s. 


I  dj   Baopo    ridocto    in    Lingua  Toscana 

imperfect,    hut    containing    all    tl 
printed    before    1490,    7l7.       Blake,    Poetical 
Sketches,    J.  Skelton,    Mary    Stu 

on  Japanese  paper,   1893,  181.     A  volume 
theatrical  portraits,  18/.  10«.     Cruikshank, 
l'i    ■■■        of    s    Midshipman,    l^i'i,    11''.    5«. 
Pole,     Pro     l  Unitatis 

IV.,    Roma  .    I 
Workes,     1057     (imped 


Defensione,   Lib 

Sir      T.      More, 
LSI.  7.>.  M. 


JOHN   LAMB'S   '  POKTICAL   PIBCKS.' 
11,  fluildford  Itoad,  Tunbridge  Wells.  Feb.  8,  1897. 

My  attention  has  just  been  called  to  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Bertram  Dohell  in  the  Athei 
January  30th,  entitled  "John  Lamb's  '  Poetical 
Pieces.'"  From  that  letter  it  appears  that  Mr. 
Dohell  thinks  that  the  copy  of  poems  by  the 
father  of  Charles  Lamb  sold  by  Mrs.  Dykes  and 
myself  on  December  18th  last  is  the  only  one 
known  to  be  extant.  I  therefore  write  to 
that  I  possess  another  copy  of  the  same  work, 
the  one  which  was  given  to  my  husband  by 
Canon  Ainger.  M.  S.  Cami-bell. 


Uttcrarn  ©osstp. 

The  life  of  the  late  Lord  Tennyson  by  his 
son,  the  present  lord,  has  now  gone  to  the 
press,  and  will  be  published  on  October  0th. 
It  is  in  two  volumes  of  good  size,  and  is  full 
of  concentrated  material. 

Canon  Liddon's  'Life  of  Dr.  Pusey' 
will  be  completed  in  the  autumn  by  the 
publication  of  the  fourth  volume  by  Messrs. 
Longman.  It  is  due,  of  course,  to  Mr! 
Johnston,  of  Cuddesdon,  and  Dr.  Wilson, 
of  Keble. 

An  unpublished  work  by  the  late  Sir 
Richard  Burton,  entitled  '  Human  Sacrifice 
among  the  Sephardim,  or  Eastern  Jews ;  or, 
the  Murder  of  Padre  Tomaso,'  will  be 
issued  immediately  by  Messrs.  Hutchinson. 
The  book  was  written  from  material  which 
Sir  Richard  collected  when  Consul  at 
Damascus,  but  the  publication  was  delayed 
on  account  of  its  strong  anti-Semitic  ten- 
dencies. The  first  part  of  the  book  is 
devoted  to  a  general  study  of  the  Jew  in 
England,  Palestine,  and  elsewhere;  the 
second  deals  with  the  alleged  rite  of  human 
sacrifice  amongst  the  Sephardim.  The  MS. 
will  be  published  practically  as  it  left  the 
author's  hands,  only  the  slightest  correc- 
tions having  been  made  in  the  original  text. 
It  will  be  edited,  with  an  introduction  and 
brief  notes,  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Wilkins,  and  will 
have  as  a  frontispiece  a  portrait  of  the 
author  after  the  picture  by  Lord  Leighton. 

Mjt.  Gilkes,  the  Head  Master  of  Dulwich 
College,  has  made  a  new  venture  in  the 
way  of  storytelling,  under  the  title  of 
'  The  Autobiography  of  Kallistratus  :  a 
Story  of  the  Time  of  the  Second  Puni. 
War.'  Messrs.  Longman  are  to  bring  it 
out. 

The  Rev.  Cosmo  Gordon  Lang,  late 
Fellow  and  Dean  of  Magdalen  College, 
<  txford,  and  now  Vicar  of  Portsea,  has 
written  a  romance  of  the '45,  called  'The 
Young  Clanroy,'  which  will  be  published 
by  Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  on  the  26th. 
It  is  a  story  of  adventure  which  was  told 
by  the  writer  to  the  boys  of  an  Oxford 
class. 

Mit.  G.  A.  Aitken,  who  recently  wrote 
an  excellent  'Life  of  Steele,'  has  undertaken 
to  edit  for  Mr.  Nimmo  a  new  edition  of  the 


N°3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


247 


Spectator,  with  voluminous  notes,  in  eight 
volumes,  to  be  issued  monthly.  There  will 
be  numerous  engraved  portraits  and  other 
illustrations  throughout  the  work.  Mr. 
Nimmo  has  also  in  preparation  a  new  work 
by  Dr.  Gasquet  and  Mr.  E.  Bishop,  entitled 
'  English  Monks  and  Friars  :  a  Chapter  in 
the  Eeligious  Life  of  the  Thirteenth  Cen- 
tury.' 

Mr.  Spencer  Blackett,  who  is  leaving 
to-day  for  the  United  States  on  a  business 
tour,  has  been  offered  and  has  accepted  a 
seat  on  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Kegan 
Paul  &  Co. 

Blackwood's  Magazine  for  March  will  con- 
tain an  article  on  '  Gordon's  Staff- Officer  at 
Khartum,'  with  excerpts  from  the  portion 
of  Col.  Stuart's  diary  which  was  recovered 
after  his  murder. 

The  Anniversary  Study  in  the  forth- 
coming number  of  the  Cornhill  Magazine 
is  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Sidney  Lee.  Its 
subject  is  «  The  Death  of  Queen  Elizabeth.' 
The  Bishop  of  London's  recent  lecture  on 
'  Picturesqueness  in  History'  is  reprinted 
in  extenso,  and  a  further  instalment  is  given 
from  the  diaries  of  the  late  Sir  Charles 
Murray,  dealing  with  the  visit  to  Windsor 
in  the  year  1844  of  the  Tsar  Nicholas, 
whose  frank  and  unconventional  manners 
are  illustrated  by  several  curious  anecdotes. 
Signor  Giovanni  Costa,  the  well-known 
Italian  artist,  gives  his  reminiscences  of 
the  late  Lord  Leighton,  with  whom  he  was 
more  or  less  associated  for  upwards  of  forty 
years.  Mr.  J.  F.  Taylor,  Q.C.,  contributes 
an  article  on  '  Irish  Oratory,'  with  special 
reference  to  Grattan,  Curran,  Plunket, 
O'Connell,  and  Sheil;  and  Miss  Kingsley 
supplies  in  '  Two  African  Days'  Entertain- 
ments '  a  humorous  account  of  her  adven- 
tures with  a  native  patient  and  a  supposed 
mad  dog. 

It  is  said  that  the  report  of  the  syndicate 
appointed  by  the  Cambridge  Senate  on  the 
question  of  degrees  for  women  is  nearly 
completed,  and  will  probably  be  issued  in 
two  or  three  weeks. 

The  second  annual  general  meeting  of  the 
donors  and  subscribers  to  the  Booksellers' 
Seaside  Holiday  Home  will  take  place  at 
the  Sunday  School  Union,  in  the  Old  Bailey, 
at  six  o'clock  on  Monday  evening  next.  It 
is  pleasant  to  see  from  the  report  to  be  pre- 
sented that  the  home  has  proved  successful. 
The  number  of  visitors  has  exceeded  five 
hundred,  and  there  is  a  balance  in  hand 
of  265/.  19*.  \\d.,  after  providing  for  all 
liabilities,  besides  the  furniture,  which  has 
cost  296/.  The  library  consists  of  166 
volumes  of  modern  books,  and  would  be 
the  better  for  additions. 

Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge's 
first  important  book  sale  in  March  is  to 
include  a  few  articles  of  note  in  the  shape 
of  manuscripts.  At  the  head  of  these  come 
the  original  autograph  MSS.  of  Keats's 
'Endyniion'  and  'Lamia,'  the  property  of 
a  relative  of  Mr.  John  Taylor,  who,  with 
his  partner  Mr.  Hessey,  published  the 
poems;  the  former  MS.  extends  to  181 
post  4to.  leaves,  and  the  latter  to  26  leaves 
on  foolscap  folio  paper.  Both  havo  boon 
collated  by  Mr.  Buxton  Forman  for  his  four- 
volume  edition  of  Keats's  works.  The  other 
articles  include  an  original  unpublished  poem 


of  two  verses  by  Thackeray ;  two  original 
MSS.  of  William  Morris,  one  a  story  and  the 
other  a  poem,  both  of  which  appeared  in  the 
Commonweal ;  and  the  original  MS.  of  what 
seems  to  be  an  earlier  form  of  Thomas 
Hobbes's  'Leviathan'  than  that  in  print. 
The  first  editions  in  this  sale  include  one 
of  Swift's  'Tale  of  a  Tub,'  1704,  a  fine 
copy  ;  one  of  Goldsmith's  '  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field,' 1766,  in  the  original  calf;  and  the 
excessively  rare  first  edition  of  Mr.  George 
Meredith's  'Poems,'  published  by  J.  W. 
Parker  &  Son  in  1851.  There  is  also  a 
small  selection  of  very  tastefully  extra- 
illustrated  books  on  sporting  subjects. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  Sir  Rowland 
Blennerhassett  will  become  President  of 
Queen's  College,  Cork,  as  Dr.  Slattery  is 
retiring  from  ill  health. 

We  much  regret  to  hear  of  the  death  at 
an  advanced  age  of  an  old  correspondent, 
Dr.  C.  Tomlinson,  F.E.S.,  who  was  for 
many  years  a  teacher  in  King's  College 
School  and  the  chief  compiler  of  '  Tomlin- 
son's  Cyclopaedia  of  the  Useful  Arts,'  a 
well-known  work  in  its  day.  He  was  a 
large  contributor  to  the  Saturday  Magazine, 
and  some  of  his  books  were  republished 
from  it— his  'Amusements  in  Chess,'  'In- 
troduction to  Natural  Philosophy,'  &c.  He 
also  published  some  biographies  of  scien- 
tific discoverers.  In  later  life  he  turned 
more  to  literature,  wrote  a  book  in  two 
volumes  on  the  sonnet,  and  translated  the 
'  Inferno '  and  also  '  Hermann  und  Doro- 
thea.'    He  was  for  a  time  Barlow  Lecturer. 

Following  his  '  Gutter-Snipes,'  Mr.  Phil 
May  has  completed  a  humorously  treated 
pictorial  alphabet  of  large  and  small  letters. 
The  whole  of  the  limited  and  numbered 
edition,  entitled  '  Phil  May's  A  B  C,'  which 
the  Leadenhall  Press  will  shortly  have  ready, 
has  been  absorbed  by  the  booksellers  in 
advance. 

It  is  proposed  to  found  a  Pestalozzi 
Translation  Society,  for  the  purpose  of 
publishing  English  versions  of  the  principal 
works  of  the  Swiss  pedagogue. 

It  is  understood  that  an  appeal  has  been 
made  to  the  head  masters  by  the  Oxford 
Teachers'  Training  Syndicate,  in  the  hope 
of  inducing  them  to  grant  facilities  for 
special  study  to  their  younger  assistants. 

Dr.  Stokes,  of  Dublin,  has  discovered,  or 
rather  recovered,  in  Marsh's  Library  an 
uncatalogued  collection  of  nearly  forty 
thousand  volumes,  containing  the  greater 
part  of  Bishop  Stillingfleet's  library. 

The  University  Court  of  St.  Andrews  has 
resolved,  on  the  advice  of  its  Chancellor,  the 
Duke  of  Argyll,  to  resist  the  recent  decision 
of  the  Privy  Council,  and  to  promote  an 
"action  of  reduction" — this  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  the  Universities  Commissioners 
had  expressed  an  opinion  that  the  most 
important  of  the  ordinances  affecting  St. 
Andrews  and  Dundee,  as  confirmed  by  the 
Privy  Council,  could  no  longer  be  post- 
poned, unless  on  financial  grounds. 

The  Welsh  Central  Board  havo  selected 
seven  out  of  fifty-fivo  candidates  for  the 
Chief  Inspectorship  of  Intermediate  Schools. 
Amongst  the  seven  selected  are  Mr.  Huck- 
well,  Mr.  0.  M.  Edwards  of  Oxford,  and 
Mr.  Roberts  of  Bath  College. 


The  Chartulary  of  the  Abbey  of  St. 
John's,  Colchester,  is  being  printed  by  Earl 
Cowper  for  distribution  amongst  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Roxburghe  Club.  The  work, 
which  will  be  in  two  volumes,  has  been 
edited  by  Mr.  Stuart  Moore,  from  the  ori- 
ginal chartulary  which  is  preserved  at 
Wrest  Park. 

Messrs.  Service  &  Paton  have  arranged 
to  issue  an  edition  of  Nathaniel  Haw- 
thorne's romances,  with  introductions  by  Dr. 
Moncure  D.  Conway,  one  of  the  few  still 
living  who  were  intimate  with  him.  '  The 
Scarlet  Letter'  will  be  published  shortly. 
The  edition  will  be  illustrated. 

The  Topographical  Section  of  the  "Gentle- 
man's Magazine  Library  "  is  gradually  draw- 
ing to  a  close,  under  the  editorship  of  Messrs. 
G.  L.  Gomme  and  F.  A.  Milne.  The  next 
volume,  which  will  be  issued  very  shortly, 
will  contain  the  counties  of  Nottingham, 
Oxford,  and  Rutland. 

Lord  Glenesk  has  consented  to  pre- 
side at  the  Readers'  Dinner,  to  take  place 
on  Saturday,  the  6th  of  March,  at  the 
Holborn  Restaurant. 

The  recent  sale  by  auction  of  ex-libris 
at  Messrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson's^  appears  to 
have  created  a  considerable  stir,  and  not 
only  do  they  intend  to  repeat  the  experi- 
ment, but  two  important  collections  will  come 
under  the  hammer  in  another  place  before 
very  long.  Those  who  collected  these  "  un- 
considered trifles"  when  they  were  to  be 
had  for  the  asking  are  beginning  to  realize 
that  their  small  investments  are  turning  out 
well ;  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Slater,  who  seems  to  keep 
an  eye  on  the  book  market,  is  coming  for- 
ward with  a  work  on  '  Book-plates  and  their 
Value,'  which  Mr.  Grant  is  to  publish. 
After  all,  the  taste  is  not  much  less  absurd 
than  the  postage-stamp  mania. 

The  decease  is  announced  of  Dr.  W.  Scott 
Dalgleish,  the  literary  adviser  of  Messrs. 
T.Nelson  &  Sons.  Having  been  a  school- 
master in  early  life,  he  paid  especial  atten- 
tion to  the  firm's  school-books,  and  wrote 
several  of  them  himself.  For  many  years 
past  he  had  acted  as  one  of  the  principal 
correspondents  of  the  Times  in  Scotland. 

Mr.  JonN  Beattie  Crozier,  author  of 
'  Civilization  and  Progress,'  has  a  new  work 
in  the  press  :  '  History  of  Intellectual  De- 
velopment.' Vol.  i.  contains  a  history  of  the 
evolution  of  Greek  and  Hindoo  thought,  of 
Grseco-Roman  paganism,  of  Judaism,  and 
of  Christianity  down  to  the  closing  of  the 
schools  of  Athens  by  Justinian. 

The  erudite  historian  Dr.  Theodor  Wiede- 
mann, born  in  1833  in  East  Prussia,  died 
on  the  5th  inst.  at  Berlin.  In  the  fifties  he 
studied  history  under  Ranke,  and  soon 
became  one  of  his  most  active  assistants 
and  collaborators.  In  conjunction  with 
the  learned  archivist  Dr.  G.  Winter,  he 
edited,  from  Ranke's  literary  remains,  the  last 
volume  of  his  '  Weltgoschichte,'  for  which 
task  ho  was  eminently  qualified.  Dr.  Wiede 
mann  was  a  good  specimen  of  the  German 
Privatgelehrte  of  a  type  nearly  extinct— un- 
assuming, industrious,  and  unselfishly  de- 
voted to  Lis  studies. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  tho  week 
include  a  Report  on  Extension  of  News- 
paper Post  by  a  Committee  of  the  Post 
Otlice  (2rf.),  and  Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridgo   Act,    1877,    Statutes   made   by 


248 


T  ii  i:    a  t  ii  i:\.i:  r  M 


the  toUowinff Colleges:  <  laiua,  <'.>rpus  ( Ibrieti 
(Oxford),  IliTtfor.l,  '  Ixford), Lincoln, 

and  Oriel;  and  all  ..-i,i,    by  tho 

I  'niv.-rsity  of  Oxford  on  Junn  9th  and  2 


N  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


SCIENCE 


Light  Railways  for  the  United  Kingdom, 
India,  and  the  Colonies.  By  J.  C.  Mackay. 
(Crosby  Lock  wood  &  Sou.) 
LlOHT  railways  Lave  been  remarkably  little 
developod  in  Great  Britain,  though  an  Act 
was  passed  many  years  ago  authorizing 
their  construction  under  certain  conditions 
as  to  limit  of  speed  and  maximum  weight 
on  a  pair  of  wheels ;  and  Mr.  Mackay  is  only 
able  to  furnish  a  list  of  nine  light  railways 
which  have  been  constructed  in  England 
and  Wales,  the  best  known  of  which  are 
those  of  Festiniog  and  Southwold.  Several 
light  railways  of  an  expensive  type  were 
constructed  in  Ireland  under  the  Tramways 
Acts  of  18G0  to  1883  by  the  aid  of  large  sub- 
sidies from  Government,  and  a  contribution 
of  over  a  million  pounds  has  been  allotted 
from  the  public  funds  for  the  construction  of 
236  miles  of  Irish  light  railways  authorized 
under  the  Acts  of  1889  and  1890.  A 
stimulus  ha3  been  recently  given  to  the 
extension  of  light  railways  in  England  by 
the  views  expressed  in  many  quarters  that 
an  increase  in  cheap  railway  facilities  in 
country  districts  would  promote  the  disposal 
of  home  produce  and  aid  the  farmer  in 
coping  -with  foreign  competition,  which 
resulted  in  the  passing  of  an  Act  in  1896  to 
facilitate  the  construction  of  light  railways 
in  Great  Britain.  The  effect  of  this  Act 
in  the  development  of  light  railways  will 
depend  largely  upon  the  extent  to  which  the 
facilities  afforded  under  the  Act  enable  such 
railways  to  be  constructed  at  so  moderate 
a  cost  as  to  secure  a  reasonable  interest  on 
the  capital  expended,  the  manner  in  which 
the  earlier  lines  may  be  laid  down,  and  how 
far  the  farmers  may  be  in  a  position  to  avai 
themselves  of  the  new  opportunities  pre- 
sented to  them.  If  it  can  once  be  demonstrated 
that  light  lines  can  be  economically  con- 
structed in  agricultural  districts,  and  that 
the  traffic  on  them  can  give  a  fair  return  on 
the  capital  cost,  ample  money  will  be  forth- 
coming in  these  times  of  low  interest  for  the 
extension  of  such  railways.  Eailways  are 
termed  light  when  they  are  constructed 
cither  with  light  rails  to  the  ordinary  gauge 
of  4  ft.  8£  in.,  and  with  comparatively  light 
bridges  for  carrying  the  railway  over  roads 
or  rivers,  owing  to  the  moderato  speed 
adopted  and  the  reduction  in  the  weights  of 
the  locomotives  and  the  loads  carried,  or  with 
a  narrow  gauge  of  3A  ft.  to  2  ft.,  and  a  corre- 
sponding reduction  in  the  formation  width 
of  the  cuttings  and  embankments,  and  in 
the  sizes  of  the  bridges,  other  structures, 
and  rolling  stock.  Some  of  tho  light  rail- 
ways hitherto  constructed  in  England  and 
Ireland  have  been  laid  to  tho  standard 
gauges,  namely,  tho  Easingwold,  Golden 
Valley,  Manchester  and  Milford,  and  Lis- 
keard  and  Caradon  railways  to  the  ordinary 
4  ft.  8A  in.  gaugo;  and  the  Cork  and 
Macroom,  the  Dundalk,  Newry,  and 
Greenore,  and  the  Waterford,  Dungarvan, 
and  Lismore  railways  to  the  standard  Irish 
gauge  of  5  ft.  3  in.     Six   Irish  light  rail- 


ways and  the  Southwold  Railway  have  i  • 
given   a  gauge  of  3ft.,  the  Glyn    Valley 
Railway  2J  ft.,  the  Oorris  Railway  2\  ft., 

and    the    Festiniog    and    North    Wale-,   rail- 
ways  1  ft.    1H,  in.;    whilst    the    I.:    tOWel   and 

BaUybunion  Railway,  ten  milee  long,  I 

been     built    on     tho    tingle  -  rail     Lartigue 

system.  Narrow-gauge  railways  possess  tho 
great  advantage  of  being  adapted  for  much 

sharper  curves  than  the  ordinary  gauge,  so 
that  the  contour  of  the  ground  can  bo  much 
moro  closely  followed  in  hilly  disti  i 
witli  the  result  of  a  considerable  reduc- 
tion in  the  earthworks,  and  the  lino  may 
bo  laid  along  the  side  of  ordinary  roads 
if  desired.  Moreover,  these  railways,  with 
their  smaller  trucks,  are  better  suited  for 
the  smaller  loads  and  greater  variety  of 
goods  requiring  conveyance  in  agricultural 
districts.  Lines  in  mountainous  districts, 
like  the  Festiniog  and  Darjeeling  railways, 
with  a  2  ft.  gauge,  and  several  narrow- 
gauge  railways  in  Switzerland,  could  not 
have  been  constructed  to  the  ordinary 
gauge  ;  whilst  ordinary  branch  lines  subject 
to  the  onerous  regulations  imposed  bj-  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  obliged  by  railway 
managers  to  carry  the  locomotives  and 
rolling  stock  of  the  main  lines  which  they 
join,  could  hardly  defray  their  working 
expenses  with  the  small  "traffic  of  purely 
agricultural  districts. 

The  reason  of  the  limited  development 
of  light  railways  in  the  United  Kingdom  is 
readily  explained  by  consulting  the  tables 
drawn  up  by  Mr.  Mackay,  for  only  two  of 
the  light  railways  in  Great  Britain  pay  any 
interest  on  their  ordinary  shares,  namely, 
the  Corris  Eailway  in  Wales,  which,  with 
a  length  of  11  miles,  cost,  with  its  rolling 
stock,  _  only  1,814/.  per  mile,  and  the 
Festiniog  Eailway,  which  cost,  with  its 
rolling  stock,  the  largo  sum  of  10,727/.  per 
mile,  but  derives  its  main  revenue  from  the 
slate  traffic  for  which  it  was  originally  con- 
structed. The  Golden  Valley  and  the  Man- 
chester and  Milford  railways,  both  passing 
through  agricultural  districts,  19  and  41 
miles  long,  and  costing  with  their  rolling 
stock  17,617/.  and  17,489/.  per  mile  respec- 
tively, have  naturally  been  financial  failures ; 
whilst  the  Southwold  Eailway,  9  miles 
long,  having  cost  8,500/.  per  mile,  in  spite 
of  a  considerable  development  of  traffic,  has 
only  made  net  earnings  of  0-8  per  cent,  on 
its  capital,  which  is  swallowed  up  by  in- 
terest on  loans.  Tho  light  railways  in 
Ireland— costing  between  3,200/.  and  8,700/. 
per  mile,  with  the  exception  of  the  Dundalk, 
Newry,  and  Greenore  Eailway,  which  cost 
13,688/.  per  mile — in  only  threo  instances 
give  a  net  return  of  between  2  and  3  per 
cent,  on  the  capital  cost ;  in  one  case  the 
working  expenses  equal  tho  receipts;  and 
in  two  instances  the  expenses  exceed  the 
receipts,  tho  Dundalk  line  being  one  of  the 
two.  Tinder  these  circumstances  it  is  evi- 
dent that  a  radical  change  must  be  intro- 
duced in  the  construction  and  working  of 
light  railways  for  their  development  in 
country  districts  by  the  aid  of  private 
capital  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The  undue 
opposition  of  engineers  in  general  to  a 
break  of  gaugo,  the  insistence  of  railway 
managors  on  tho  necessity  of  being  able  to 
ruu  tho  heaviest  locomotives  over  any  part 
of  their  system,  tho  costly  requirements  of 
tho   Board    of    Trade,    and    the   financing 


generally    needed    in    Great    Britain    f.Jr 

raising  the  capital  for  these  light  railways, 
rurally  proved  fatal  checks  to  the 
asion  of  those  enterprises.  The  auth 
advocates  the  adoption  of  a  gauge 
2  ft.  6  in.;  the  dispensing  with  bridges, 
level  -  Crossing  gates  with  their  signal*, 
fencing,  station  buildings,  and  goods  sheds; 
great  modifications  as  to  interlocking, 
signals,  and  brakes ;  and  a  considerable 
reduction  in  the  cost  of  the  laud  required 
and  the  proceedings  for  obtaining  Parlia- 
mentary sanction.  The  recent  Act,  indeed, 
aims  at  diminishing  the  restrictions  im- 
posed upon  ordinary  railways,  and  facili- 
tating the  advance  of  loans  by  the  Treasury 
for  the  construction  of  light  railways. 

The  book  contains  particulars  of  the 
extent,  gauge,  cost,  rolling  stock,  method  of 
working,  and  returns  of  light  railways, 
merely  in  India  and  the  colonies,  but  also 
in  France,  Belgium,  Prussia,  Saxony,  Italy, 
Austria,  and  Hungary, and  in  some  instances  in 
North  and  South  America.  A  comprehensive 
view  is,  accordingly,  furnished  of  the  general 
progress  and  condition  of  light  railways  in 
various  parts  of  the  world,  which  should 
prove  very  valuable  in  assisting  promoters 
of  such  undertakings  to  determine  under 
what  conditions  light  railways  can  be 
carried  out  with  good  prospects  of  an  ade- 
quate return  on  their  capital  cost.  In 
Belgium  the  730  miles  of  light  railways, 
laid  to  a  metre  gauge,  cost,  with  rolling 
stock  and  land,  2.688/.  per  mile,  and  afford  a 
net  return  of  slightly  over  3  per  cent.  In 
Italy  the  1,875  miles  of  light  railways 
laid  alongside  the  main  roads,  to  gauges  of 
from  4  ft.  8Hn.  to  2  ft.  ojin.,  cost  on  the 
average  2,600/.  per  mile,  and  give  a  return 
of  nearly  4  per  cent,  on  the  capital  ex- 
pended. In  France  the  light  railways  con- 
structed by  the  Government  to  the  standard 
gauge,  without  adequate  regard  to  economy, 
have  not  proved  financially  successful ;  but 
they  have  served  as  very  valuable  feeders 
to  the  main  lines,  and  have  provided  an 
indirect  return  by  the  increased  prosperitv 
of  the  districts  they  traverse.  In  India  the 
metre  gauge  has  greatly  developed  the 
means  of  communication ;  for  there  are  now 
7,637  miles  of  railway  of  this  narrow  gauge 
open,  almost  wholly  constructed  since  1 v 
as  compared  with  10,596  miles  of  the  standard 
5  ft.  6  in.  gauge,  ou  the  average  costing 
less  than  half  the  expenditure  per  mile  on 
the  standard  gauge  railways. 

The  appearance  of  Mr.  Mackay's  useful 
book  has  been  very  well  timed,  when  an 
effort  has  been  made  by  legislation  to  infuse 
fresh  life  into  projects  for  extending  suit- 
able railway  facilities  to  outlying  country 
districts,  and  when  the  future  of  light  rail- 
ways in  this  country  will  depend  upon  the 
extent  to  which  their  construction  and  work- 
ing can  be  assimilated  to  the  conditions 
which  have  had  satisfactory  financial  results 
in  some  other  countries.  It  would  be  quit-j 
as  reasonable  to  expect  a  costermonger  to 
make  a  good  profit  if  he  used  a  cart-horse 
to  draw  his  barrow  instead  of  a  donkey,  or 
urban  district  councils  to  keep  the  rates  low 
if  they  laid  down  wooden  pavements  on 
country  roads,  as  to  anticipate  fair  returns 
from  light  railways  in  agricultural  districts 
so  long  as  they  arc  constructed  and  worked 
in  the  expensive  manner  hitherto,  in  most 
instances,  adopted  in  this  country. 


N°3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


249 


The  Zoological  Record,  1895.  (Gurney  & 
Jackson.)  —'The  record  of  the  zoological 
literature  of  1895  appeared  in  good  time  in  the 
autumn  of  1896,  and  is  a  bulky  volume,  con- 
taining reports  on  several  subjects  which  were 
not  noticed  in  the  preceding  one.  Among  the 
recruits  whom  the  editor  has  been  able  to  enlist 
we  note  with  great  satisfaction  the  name  of  a 
son  of  the  eminent  zoologist  who  conceived  the 
idea  of  the  'Zoological  Record,'  and  did  bo 
much  for  it  in  its  infancy.  Mr.  R.  T.  Giinther 
has  prepared  an  excellent  report  on  the  Ccelen- 
terata,  which  we  prefer  to  call  the  Ccelentera, 
a  group  of  animals  to  which  he  is  specially 
devoting  himself.  If  Mr.  Giinther  is  right,  and 
we  are  wrong  in  our  Greek,  the  editor  was 
wrong  in  allowing  the  Echinodermata  to  be 
called  the  "  Echinoderma."  In  matters  of  this 
kind— not,  indeed,  of  very  great  importance- 
it  is  the  business  of  the  editor  to  ensure  common 
treatment  of  a  language  to  which  zoologists  have 
too  often  shown  the  scantiest  of  courtesy.  We 
are  reminded  by  what  we  have  said  of  one  point 
in  the  full  title  of  this  work  which  amuses  us; 
it  is  called  a  "  record  of  zoologicaUiterature  ": 
the  word  might  be  as  fitly  applied  to  the  pro- 
spectus of  a  bubble  company  or  the  '  Nautical 
Almanac'  It  is,  indeed,  just  because  so  much 
of  what  is  written  about  zoology  is  not  litera- 
ture that  no  zoologist  reads  that  much  unless  he 
is  compelled,  and  it  is  this,  perhaps,  more  than 
anything  else,  that  makes  the  work  of  the 
«'  recorders  "  so  useful  and  so  necessary.  That 
the  younger  members  may  improve  on  their 
first 'attempts  as  much  as  Mr.  J.  A.  Thomson 
has  done,  and  that  all  will  imitate  the  care  and 
accuracy  of  their  doyen,  Mr.  Boulenger,  and  the 
laboriousness  of  the  recorder  of  insects,  is  our 
earnest  wish.  So  long  as  the  present  recorder 
of  Echinoderma  continues  his  work,  the 
zoologist  with  any  sense  of  humour  will  not  be 
without  entertainment. 

Francis  Orpen  Morris:  a  Memoir.  By  his 
Son,  the  Rev.  M.  C.  F.  Morris.  (Nimmo.)— 
The  late  Rector  of  Nunburnholme  was  the 
grandson  of  Capt.  Roger  Morris,  who  is  said  to 
have  been  the  successful  rival  of  Washington 
for  the  hand  of  the  charming  Mary  Philipse  ; 
and  the  accounts  of  the  ancestry  and  early  life 
of  the  Rev.  F.  O.  Morris  form  the  most  agree- 
able portion  of  the  present  work.  The  sketches 
of  life  and  character  as  observed  in  the  York- 
shire Wolds  are  by  no  means  devoid  of  interest, 
and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Rev.  F.  O. 
Morris  was  a  man  of  the  most  kindly  disposi- 
tion, with  a  sincere  love  for  all  living  creatures 
— except  those  who  disagreed  with  his  opinions. 
His  son,  and  successor  in  the  rectory,  has  done 
his  best,  and  to  him  the  reviewer  may  say,  in 
the  words  addressed  by  the  Comte  de  Gormas 
to  the  young  Cid  : — 

Viens,  tu  fais  ton  devoir  ;  et,  le  fils  degeiiere 
Qui  snrvit  un  moment  a  l'lionneur  de  son  pere. 

We  fully  appreciate  his  obvious  desire  to  show 
his  father  in  the  light  of  an  amiable  enthusiast : 
a  well-meaning  opponent  of  Darwinism  and  a 
furious  hater  of  vivisection.  "It  was  im- 
possible," remarks  his  son,  "to  say  on  what 
subject  Mr.  Morris  might  not  be  found  writing 
to  any  periodical  or  paper  in  the  land  on  any 
day  in  the  year  !  "  Also,  as  his  old  friend 
Canon  Wilton  says  in  a  quoted  letter  :  — 

"  He  [Mr.  Morris]  told  me  that  there  was  nothing 
he  enjoyed  more  than  to  hear  one  of  his  own  papers 
read  aloud  to  him  by  a  sympathetic  friend  t  Of 
course,  we  often  discussed  interesting  points  ;  in 
fact,  between  us  we  quite  demolished  that  heterodox 
philosopher  (Darwin)." 

Here  we  have  the  key-note  to  the  character  of 
the  man.  One  of  the  papers  upon  which  he 
most  prided  himself  was  'All  the  Articles  of 
the  Darwinian  Faith,'  published  as  recently  as 
1*75,  upon   which  we  charitably  decline  to   cx- 

Sress  an  opinion.  With  regard  to  vivisection 
is  biographer  claims  that  his  father  "simply 
set  forth  facts,"  and  we  are  not  anxious  to 
controvert  the  pious  statement  ;  but,  if  so,  hia 


example  has  not  been  widely  followed  by  his 
fellow  opponents.  He  disliked  hunting  because 
it  was  "cruel";  but  in  an  imaginary  con- 
versation, in  which  he  figures  as  Mr.  deBracy,  he 
expresses  the  opinion  that,  with  regard  to  birds 
wounded  in  shooting,  "there  is  suffering— I  do 
not  call  it  cruelty— to  some  ";  while  with  regard 
to  hooked  fish  he  says,  "  Even  then  the  mouth 
is  a  sort  of  bone,  which  can  have  no  feeling." 
How  about  fish  which  are  hooked  "foul  "\  but 
that,  of  course,  is  their  look-out,  and  it  is 
entirely  the  fault  of  the  fish  if  they  suffer.  He 
was  a  violent  advocate  of  the  house-sparrow, 
and  to-day  the  Yorkshire  farmers  are  invoking 
State  aid  to  reduce  the  numbers  of  this  pest  ! 
But  this  he  had,  that  he  hated  the  pole-trap, 
which  thing  we  also  hate,  and  with  this  good 
word  we  close  our  notice  of  the  life — and, 
alas  !  the  works -of  a  well-meaning  enthusiast 
who  for  years  did  his  best  to  set  back  the  clock. 


ASTRONOMICAL    NOTES. 


Dr.  T.  J.  J.  See  is  publishing  an  important 
and  elaborate  work,  Researches  on  the  Evolu- 
tion of  the  Stellar  Systems  (Lynn,  Mass.,  the 
Nichols  Press),  of  which  the  first  part  has 
appeared.  It  treats  of  the  universality  of  the 
law  of  gravitation,  and  the  orbits  and  general 
characteristics  of  double  stars,  the  author 
having  calculated  the  orbits  of  forty  binaries 
from  the  best  observations.  The  author  points 
out  the  near  equality  of  the  masses  of  most  of 
the  binaries  which  have  hitherto  been  investi- 
gated, and  the  difference  thus  indicated  between 
such  stellar  systems  and  our  own  solar  system. 
It  is  much  to  be  hoped  that  he  will  be  able  to 
complete  the  work  he  has  so  well  begun. 

Mr.  Lynn  has  in  the  press  (Stanford)  new 
editions  of  his  'Celestial  Motions'  (ninth), 
'  Remarkable  Comets  '  (fifth),  and  '  Remarkable 
Eclipses '  (second),  all  revised  and  brought  up 
to  date. 

The  Berliner  Astronomisches  Jahrbuch  for  1899 
has  recently  been  published.  The  contents 
and  arrangement  are  similar  to  those  in  pre- 
ceding years,  whilst  but  little  alteration  has  been 
made°in  the  data.  Elements  of  all  the  small 
planets  up  to  No.  421  are  given,  and  epheme- 
rides  for  twenty-eight  of  those  which  come  into 
opposition  in  1897. 

Vol.  X.  Part  I.  of  the  Publications  of  the 
Washburn  Observatory  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  (Director,  Prof.  G.  C.  Comstock) 
has  recently  appeared.  It  contains  the  results 
of  the  observations  of  double  stars  which  have 
been  made  with  the  16-ft.  Clark  equatorial  of 
that  observatory  between  the  years  1892  and 
1896.  Most  of  the  stars  observed  are  well- 
known  binaries  in  rapid  motion,  but  a  certain 
number  of  others  have  been  added  to  the  list 
from  time  to  time  for  special  reasons,  eleven 
being  stars  of  very  slow  relative  motion,  taken 
from  those  selected  by  Otto  Struve  for  obser- 
vation by  different  astronomers  as  comparison 
stars. 

We  have  received  the  number  of  the  Memorie 
della  Societa  degli  Spettroscopisti  ltaliani  for 
October,  1896.  Besides  Prof.  Tacchini's  account 
of  his  observations  of  the  solar  phenomena  seen 
at  Rome  during  the  third  quarter  of  that  year, 
and  of  the  distribution  of  the  protuberances  in 
latitude,  it  contains  M.  Sykora's  description  of 
the  solar  eclipse  of  August  9th,  as  observed  on 
the  mountain  Siiakawaara  in  Lapland,  where 
the  party  sent  out  by  the  Russian  Astronomical 
Society  were  favoured  by  a  clear  sky  at  the 
critical  moment  and  obtained  some  good  photo- 
graphs of  the  phenomenon.  It  is  remarked 
that  the  corona  showed  a  characteristic  exten- 
sion on  the  line  of  the  sun's  equator,  approxi- 
mating to  that  seen  at  an  epoch  of  solar-spot 
minimum.  The  height  of  the  place  of  obser- 
vation above  the  level  of  the  sea  was  471  metres  ; 
the  hill  in  question  is  near  the  right  or  Swedish 
bank  of  the  river  Muonio. 


SOCIETIES. 
~R.OYMt.-Feb.  11.— The  President  in  the  chair.— It 
was  announced  that  Prof.  O.  J.  Lodge  had  repeated 
and  verified  the  observation  of  Dr.  Zeeman  that  the 
ordinary  lines  of  the  sodium  spectrum  are  widened 
when  the  flame  is  placed  in  a  strong  magnetic  field 
whose  direction  is  perpendicular  to  that  in  which 
the  light  travels  to  the  eye.— A  note  by  Dr.  Larmor 
on  the  theory  of  the  phenomenon,  as  elaborated  by 
Dr.  Zeeman  and  Prof.  Lorentz,  and  on  the  relation 
between  it  and  the  Faraday  effect,  was  also  read.— 
The  following  papers  were  read:  'The  Oviposition 
of  A'autihis  Tnacromphalux,'  by  Dr.  A.  Willey  — 
'Keport  to  the  Committee  of  the  Eoyal  Society 
appointed  to  investigate  the  Structure  of  a  Coral 
Reef  by  Boring.'  by  Prof.  Sollas  — '  The  Artificial 
Insemination  of  Mammalia  and  subsequent  Possible 
Fertilization  or  Impregnation  of  their  Ova,'  by  Mr. 
W.  Heape,— and  '  On  the  Eegeueration  of  Nerves,' 
by  Dr.  R.  Kennedy. 

Geological.— Feb.  3.— Dr.  H.  Hicks,  President, 
in  the  chair.— Rev.  H.  B.  Foster,  Messrs.  C.  V.  Bel- 
lamy, J.  Bisset,  J.  R.  Hosken,  J.  E.  Hughes,  and 
H.  W.  Lake  were  elected  Fellows.— The  following 
communications  were  read  :  '  The  Subgenera  Petalo- 
graptus  and  Cephalograptus,'  by  Miss  G.  L.  Elles, 
communicated  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Marr,— and  '  On  some 
Superficial  Deposits  in  Cutch,'  by  the  Rev.  J.  F. 
Blake. 

Society  of  Antiquaries.— Feb.  11.— The  Bishop 
of  Stepney,  V.P.,  in  the  chair— The  following  reso- 
lution was  proposed  by  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Minns, 
seconded  by  Sir  S.  Montagu,  aud  carried  unani- 
mously :  "  The  Societv  of  Antiquaries  of  London, 
having  heard  that  the  sanitary  welfare  of  the 
borough  of  Southampton  demands  the  removal  of 
some  ancient  and  dilapidated  dwellings,  respectfully 
urges  upon  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  the  import- 
ance of  preserving  ancient  landmarks  of  historic 
interest.  It  hopes  that  an  ancient  vault  of  the 
fourteenth  century  in  Simuel  Street  maybe  care- 
fully preserved,  connected  as  it  is  with  the  com- 
mercial history  of  the  town  and  the  privileges  it 
enjoyed  in  olden  time."— Mr.  A.  Wyon  exhibited  and 
presented  casts  of  a  fifth  Great  Seal  of  Charles  II., 
and  impressions  aud  casts  of  some  modern  episcopal 
seals.— Sir  J.  C.  Robinson  exhibited  a  double  mazer 
mounted  in  silver-gilt,  probably  German  work  of 
the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century.  — Chancellor 
Ferguson,  as  local  secretary  for  Cumberland,  re- 
ported the  discovery  (1)  at  Gosforth  of  a  coped 
tombstone  of  the  "hog-back"  type,  decorated  on 
one  side  with  knotwork  and  interlacing  ornament 
on  the  other  with  two  groups  of  warriors  ;  (2)  of 
a  cinerary  urn  at  Carlisle  ;  and  (3)  a  mutilated  and 
defaced  Roman  altar  at  Baldwiuholme,  near  Car- 
lisle. The  Chancellor  further  reported  briefly  on 
the  excavations  made  on  the  line  of  the  Roman 
wall  during  the  past  summer.  —  Prof.  J.  Fergu- 
son read  the  first  section  of  a  paper  'On  the 
Secrets  of  Alexis,'  a  sixteenth  century  col- 
lection of  medical  and  technical  receipts.  In 
this  division  of  the  paper  an  attempt  was  made 
to  examine  the  difficulties  connected  with  the 
authorship  of  the  collection.  These  arise  from 
there  being  two  irreconcilable  statements  respecting 
it  The  first,  nominally  by  Alexis  himself,  is  con- 
tained in  an  introductory  address  to  the  reader. 
According  to  it,  Alexis,  after  unwearied  study  and 
practice  and  travelling  about  the  world  for  upwards 
of  half  a  century,  finallv  in  his  eighty-third  year 
wrote  down  the  receipts  he  had  collected  and 
proved,  out  of  remorse  for  having  allowed  a  man 
to  die  when  he  could  have  helped  him  with  a  secret 
mediciue  which  he  possessed.  The  other  story  is 
that  Hieronymo  Ruscelli  compiled  and  published 
the  secrets  under  the  pseudonym  of  Alexis.  Both 
accounts  were  discussed  at  some  length,  but,  from 
the  contradictory  and  insufficient  data  available, 
the  only  conclusion  possible  was  that  the  author- 
ship cannot  at  present  be  definitely  settled,  and 
that  of  the  two  versions  of  the  origin  of  the  book 
the  balauce  of  probability  is  in  favour  of  Alexis  s, 
and  not  of  Ruscelli's.  Both,  however,  may  be 
fabrications.  The  subsequent  divisions  of  the  paper 
will  deal  with  the  editions  of  the  book  and  its 
contents. 

British  Archaeological  Association. — fan. 20. 
—Mr.  C.  H.  Compton,  V.P.,  in  the  chair. -A  paper 
by  Dr.  Fairbank  'On  Portable  Altars'  WAS  road,  m 
the  author's  absence,  bv  Mr.  Patrick,  illustrated  hv 
sketches  made  by  the  author.— A  lengthy  discussion 
followed,  in  which  Mr.  Dobson,  the  Bev.  J.  Cave- 
Browne,  and  others,  took  part.  . 

/,>,/,_  3._ Mr.  T.  Blashill,  Hon.  Treasurer,  in  the 
chair  —An  exhibition  of  prehistoric  implements  was 
made  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Lawrenoe,  including  a  unique 
specimen  of  a  weapon  <>f  Btag'ehorn  still  retaining 
its  wooden  handle,  thought  to  be  of  blackthorn, 
which  was  recently  found  in  the  Thames  at  Hammer- 


*-><» 


Til  E     ATI!  KXJEUM 


N  3017,  Fbb.  20,  '97 


.-in  i  lli.    Thi*  must  h.i\  <•  In'  N  ;i  \>i  >  ill'ii-livi'  \M-apoii, 

from  tbe  toughness  of  the  horn  and  the  plianoj  of 
the  handle,  in  ■  fierce  hand-to-band  oombat,  In  the 
oonrao  of  hie  obaervationi  Mr.  Lawrenoe  remarked 
thai  In  the  Forkebire  pile  dwelllngi  and  In  ;i  few 
Instances  in  tbe  Thames  tbe  leg  boneiof  oxen  and 
other  large  anlmala  had  been  found  which  bad 
been  need  In  ■  similar  manner,  bnl  the  difficulty  of 
boring  an  ox  bone  in  order  to  secure  it  t<>  the  handle 
must  have  made  the  use  ot  the  stag's  born  more 
general.  This  example  is  supposed  to  \»-  about 
three  thousand  years  old.— Mr.  Barle  Way  exhibited 
two  specimens  of  Cyprian  pottery  and  a  whistle, 
tber  with  a  pretty  little  model  of  a  quern  in 
soapstone  and  a  bronze  bracelet  from  Egypt.— Mr. 
Hoyle  exhibited  a  translucent  jade  earring  from 
New  Zealand, abont  ten  miles  from  Christ  Ohurob,  tbe 

hole  in  which  had  hern  made  by  B  stone  instrument 
dose  to  the  edge,  but  yet  without  in  any  way 
iujuriog  the  jade. —  Mr.  Patrick  read  a  short  paper 
descriptive  OX  the  discovery  of  a  Roman  bouse  at 
Burham,  in  Kent,  upon  the  property  of  the  Burham 
Brick,  Lime,  and  Cement  Company,  which  Mr.  G. 
Payne  and  himself  had  recently  had  the  opportunity 
of  disinterring.  The  house  is  a  small  one,  measuring 
about  60ft.  by  84  ft.,  but  possesses  a  very  perfect 
and  unusual  form  of  hypocaust.  This  consists  of  a 
system  of  horizontal  flues  cut  in  the  chalk  subsoil 
and  running  round  all  four  sides  of  an  apartment 
measuring  about  18  ft.  by  16  ft  These  flues  connect 
with  a  central  and  two  radiating  Hues  from  the 
mouth  of  the  furnace,  the  central  flue  being  large 
enough  for  a  boy  to  crawl  through,  the  others  vary- 
ing in  diameter  from  about  13  in.  to  Sin.  or  9 in. 
where  they  joined  the  wall  flue.  At  intervals  round 
the  walls  were  eight  or  nine  recesses  in  which 
vertical  wall  flues  ranged  in  pairs  carried  the  hot  air 
and  smoke  to  the  roof.  Some  of  these  were  found 
in  situ,  the  remains  of  others  lying  in  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft.  Remains  of  pottery  tiles,  bones  of 
animals,  portions  of  coloured  plaster  decoration, 
and  one  small  bronze  fibula  were  found.  The 
house  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  smaller  and 
less  pretentious  kind  frequently  met  with  aloDg  the 
line  or  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
principal  Roman  roads  in  the  south  of  Britain.  The 
paper  was  illustrated  by  plans  and  drawings  from 
sketches  made  and  measured  on  the  spot  by  the 
author,  and  by  numerous  photographs  taken  by  Mr. 
Payne  of  the  various  features  and  phases  of  the 
excavations. 

Statistical.— Feb.  16.— Mr.  A.  E.  Bateman,  V.P., 
in  the  chair. — A  paper'  On  English  Vaccination  and 
Small-pox  Statistics,  with  Special  Reference  to  the 
Report  of  the  Royal  Commission  and  to  Recent 
Small-pox  Epidemics,'  by  Mr.  Noel  A.  Humphreys, 
was  read. 

Meteorological.— Feb.    17.  — Mr.   E.    Mawley, 
President,  read  a  report  on  the  phenological  observa- 
tions during  the  past  year.  He  showed  that  through- 
out the   flowering  season   wild    plants    came    into 
bloom  much    in  advance  of  their  usual  time,  and 
were,   as    a  rule,    earlier  than   in   any  year   since 
1893.     The  wealth  of  blossom  on  nearly  all  kinds  of 
trees  and  shrubs  was  a  noteworthy  feature  of  the 
spring  and  early  summer,  while  the  abundance  of 
wild  fruits  in  the  autumn  was  even  more   excep- 
tional. From  an  agricultural  and  horticultural  point 
of  view  the  one  great  drawback  of  the  year,  which 
must    otherwise    have    proved    one    of    the    most 
bountiful   on    record,  was  a    drought    that   lasted 
almost  without  break — at  all  events  as  far  as  vege- 
tation   is  concerned— from    March    to   September. 
The  wheat  crop  proved  the   largest  and    best  for 
many  years,  while  there  was  a  good  yield  of  barley 
and    potatoes.    The  small   fruits   were   also    good. 
With  these    exceptions  all    the    farm   and   garden 
crops  were  more  or  less  indifferent,  the  crop  of  hay 
being  especially  scanty. — The    Hon.  Rollo   Russell 
gave  the  results  of  some  observations  on  haze  and 
transparency  which  he  had  made  at  Haslemere.  The 
clearest  hours  at  a  good  distance  from  towns  are 
from  about  noon  to  3  P.M.    The  clearest  winds  are 
those  from  south  to  north-west  inclusive,  and  espe- 
cially west-south-west,  west.and  west-north-west;  the 
haziest  are  those  between  north  and  east.  On  bright 
mornings,    with    a    gentle    breeze    or    calm,    from 
autumn  to  spring,  the  haze  or  fog  which  has  lain  on 
the  low  ground   frequently  covers  the  hills  in  the 
course  of  its  ascent  a  few  hours  after  sunrise.    At 
any  distance  within  a  hundred  miles  of  London  or 
of  the  Black  Country  observations  requiring  clear 
views  are  likely  to    bo   interfered  with   when  the 
wind  blows  from  their  direction,  and  should  there- 
fore be  taken  early. 

Society  of  Akts.— Feb.  11.— Sir  V.  Bramwell  in 
the  chair. —  Prof.  Ewing  delivered  the  third  lecture 
of  his  course  of  Howard  Lectures  '  On  the 
Mechanical  Production  of  Cold.' 

Feb.  15.— Mr.  F.  Cobb  in  the  chair.— Mr.  C.  F. 
Cross  delivered  the  opening  lecture  of  his  course 


of   Cantor  Leoturei  'On   the    industrial  Usee  of 
Cellul 

/;//.  in  — The  Marquis  of  Lorne  in  the  chair.  — A 
paper  '  <>n  the  Progress  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada 
during  the  Slxij  rears  of  Her  Ms 
read  bj   Mr.  J.  G.  '  iolmer. 

fltb.  17. — The  Attorney-General  In  the  chair.— A 
paper 'On  Light  Railways 'was  real  by  Mr,  K.  R. 
Oalthrop.—  A  discussion  followed, 

Mathematical.— Feb.  ll.— Prof.  BUiott,  Pre- 
sident, In  Hi"  chair.  —  Mr.  F.  S.  Macaulay 
read  B  paper  on  a  theorem  in  nou  -  Euclidean 
geometry.  —  An  animated  discussion  followed, 
in  which  the  President,  Mr.  Kempe,  Mr.  Love, 
and  Lieut.  -  Col.  Cunningham  joined  with  the 
author.  — Mr.  Kempe  made  an  impromptu  com- 
munication on  Prof.  Sylvester's  partition  theorem, 
and  the  President  and  Major  Mac.Mahon  also  spoke, 
on  tbe  subject.— The  President  (Major  MacMahon, 
V.P.,  in  the  chair)  gave  a  short  account  of  Mr.  Segar's 
theorem  that  the  product  of  the  differences  of  71 
unequal  numbers  is  divisible  by  the  product  of  the 
differences  of  0,  1,  2,  3, .  .  .  (»— 1),  and  showed  also 
that  the  product  of  the  differences  of  n  unequal 
square  numbers  is  divisible  by  the  product  of  the 
differences  of  ()-,  I  -,  2- ,  3-,.  .  .  («— 1) -.— Lieut.-Col. 
Cunningham  brought  forward  some  high  primes,  the 
highest  and  lowest  being  respectively  25,621,901  and 
9,170,881  (forty-three  primes  in  all).— A  paper  by  Mr. 
11.  M.Taylor  on  the  degeneration  of  a  cubic  curve 
was  communicated  by  reading  its  title. 


Physical.— Feb.  12.— The  chair  was  taken  by 
Capt.  Abney,  who,  as  retiring  President,  referred  to 
some  of  the  changes  which  had  occurred  in  the 
Society  during  the  past  year.  The  annual  subscrip- 
tion had  been  raised,  but  a  satisfactory  number  of 
new  Fellows  had  been  enrolled.  The  Society  had 
lost  two  by  death.  A  good  deal  of  work  had  been 
done  in  the  direction  suggested  by  the  discoveries 
of  Rontgen.— The  Treasurer,  Dr.  Atkinson,  then 
presented  his  report  and  balance  -  sheet  for 
the  year  1896.  —  The  following  were  the 
Council  and  officers  for  the  year  1897-8:— 
President,  Mr.  S.  Bidwell  ;  Vice-Presidents  who 
have  filled  the  office  of  President,  Dr.  Gladstone, 
Prof.  G.  C.  Foster,  Prof.  Adams,  Lord  Kelvin,  Prof. 
Clifton,  Prof.  Reinold,  Prof.  Ayrton,  Prof.  Fitz- 
gerald, Prof.  Riicker,  Capt.  Abney  ;  Vice-Presidents, 
Major-General  E.  R.  Festiug,  Mr.  L.  Fletcher,  Prof. 
Perry,  and  Mr.  G.  J.  Stoney  ;  Secretaries,  Mr.  T.  H. 
Blakesley  and  Mr.  H.  M.  Elder  ;  Foreign  Secretary 
(new  office),  Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson  ;  Treasurer,  Dr. 
Atkinson  ;  Librarian,  Mr.  C.  Vernon  Boys;  Other 
Members  of  the  Council,  Walter  Baily,  L.  Clark,  A.  H. 
Fison,  Prof.  Fleming,  R.  T.  Glazebrook,  Prof.  A. 
Gray,  G.  Griffith,  Prof.  Minchin,  Prof.  Ramsay,  and 
J.  Walker.— The  newly  elected  President,  Mr.  B.  Bid- 
well,  then  took  the  chair,  and  an  ordinary  meeting 
was  held.— Mr.  Blakesley  read  a  paper  by  Mr.  H.  H. 
Hoffert  '  On  the  Use  of  Very  Small  Mirrors  with 
Paraffin  Lamp  and  Scale.' 


Hellenic.  —  Feb.  15.— Mr.  Talfourd  Ely  in  the 
chair.— Prof.  P.  Gardner  read  two  papers  :   (1)  '  On  a 
Stone  Tripod  at  Oxford.'     The  tripod  was  given  to 
All   Souls'  College  by  A.  Lefroy  in  1771.    It  was 
found  at  Corinth.    It  consists  of  a  basis  intended 
for  the  support  of  a  large  basin,  probably   meaut 
to  hold  lustral  water.     There  is  a  central  column, 
around   which    stand  back  to   back   three   draped 
female    figures,    each    on   a   recumbent    lion,   and 
holding  in  one  hand  the  tail  of  the   lion.    From 
a  comparison  with  a  very  similar  tripod  of  which 
fragments  were  found  at  Olympia,   it  appears  that 
this  was  a  fixed  type  for  vessels  of  the  class.    The 
date   of    the    Oxford    tripod   was    fixed    by    Prof. 
Gardner,    from     considerations    of    style,    as    the 
earlier    half    of    the    fifth    century. —  A    discus- 
sion   followed,   in    which    Prof.    Waldstein,    Prof. 
E.    Gardner,    and    Miss    Harrison    took    part.  — 
(2)  '  On  the  Mantinean  Basis.'     This  basis,  bearing 
reliefs  by  a  pupil  of  Praxiteles,  was  submitted   by- 
Prof.   Gardner   to  a  close  examination.     He  main- 
tained :   (a)  That    the  phrase  in  which    Pausanias 
describes    the    basis    should    be    read   Moro-a    tui 
Mapavag  av\ioi>,  and  must  be  regarded  as  referring 
only  to  one  slab  of  the  reliefs,  which  represents  the 
conflict  of  Apollo  and  Marsyas.   {b)  That  the  three 
slabs  which  we  possess  were  the  whole  of  the  relief. 
We  need  not  suppose  a  slab  to  have  been  lost,  aud  it 
is  quite    possible  that  six  Muses  rather  than  nine 
were    represented.      The     group     of    Apollo    and 
Marsyas   would   be  in  the   midst,  three  Muses  on 
each  side  as  spectators,  the  whole   occupying   the 
front  of    the    pedestals.     (<•)  That    the   figures   of 
Apollo,  Leto,  and    Artemis    which   stood    on    the 
pedestal   were  not  arranged  as  a  group,  but    stood 
side   by  side,  as  they  appear  in   the    Praxitelean 
group  copied  on  a  late  coin  of  Megara.— In  the  dis- 
cussion   which     followed,   Prof.    Waldstein   argued 
that    the  proposed  arrangement  of  slabs  was    too 


.metrical  for  Greek  art)  and  d  ;iffi. 

oulty  of  departing  from  the  number  of  nim 

which    was   supported     both     by     monumental    and 
literary  evidence.  lice   of  \.  rain 

varying  the  number  war  to  be  explained  by  arti 
convenience,  without  regard  to  mj  thological  con- 
siderations.   Prof.   Waldstein   preferred  to  ad! 
to  the    arrangement  of    the  stabs  which    he   had 
himself  publicly  advocated,  and  which  assumed  that 
they  had  originally  been  four  in  number.— Prof.  K. 
Gardner,   though    pointing  out  some  difficulties  in 
detail,   was    on   the   whole  inclined    to   accept 
rearrangement  proposed  by  Prof.  Percy  Gardner. 


MEETINGS   FOE  THE    i  R  EEK. 

London  Institution.  5 —Robert  Horns    Mr    w    B    >! 

Institute  of  Actuaries.  7  —  •  Oow-rnmental  i-uperi  ...on  of  Life 
Insurant':  la  the  I  nlled  Miles  of  Amenta,   Mr  S    Homans 

Aristotelian  H  —  Some  Proolerns  of  Conception,'  Mr  L  I 
Hobbovac 

Boelety  of  Arts,  8— 'The  Industrial  lies  of  Cellulose,'  Lee- 
ture'll     Mr   (     I    Cross     i Can tor  Lecture  , 

Smvei  ore'  InstituUon.  b  —Adjourned  Discussion  on  '  Allot- 
ments and  Small  Holding*.' 

Oeoi:raphlcal,  SJ 

Ko\ai  Institution.  I  -'  Animal  Electricity    Prof.  A  It  Waller. 

ClTU  Engineer!  S— 'The  Main  Drainage  of  London.'  Unlit 
J.  E  Worth  and  W  Santo  Crimp  '  the  Purification  of  the 
Thames.'  Mr   W   J    IliUHn. 

Geological,  8  — '  Nature  and  Origin  of  the  Hauenthal  Ser- 
pentine.' Miss  C  A  Raisin;  (iu  Two  boulder*  of  Granite 
from  the  Middle  Chalk  ol  Betthworth  (Surrey*.  Mr  W  p  D 
Siebbing,  'Coal,  a  New  fcipanation  of  its  Formation,  or  Use 
Phenomena  of  a  New  Fossil  Plant  considered  with  Reference 
to  the  Origin,  Composition  aDd  Formation  of  Coal  Beds,'  Mr 
W  8.  Gresley. 

Society  of  Arte.  8  —  'Reproduction  of  Colour  by  Photographic 
Methods,'  Sir  H  Truemao  Wood 

Literature.  8J -'The  Scottish  and  the   English   'Macbeth,' 
Mr-   0  C  Stopes. 
.  Royal  Institution,  3 —'The  Problems  of   Arctic  Geology,' Dr. 
I  W.  Gregory. 

Royal,  4J. 

London  Institution,  C  — ' Peeps  into  Natures  Secrets,'  Mr.  R. 
Kearton. 

Electrical  Engineers,  8—  'Electric  Interlocking  the  Block  and 
Mechanical  Signals  on  Railways,  Reply  of  Mr  F.  T.  Hollins 
to  the  Discussion,  Relative  m/.c  Weight,  and  Price  of 
Dynamo  Electric  Machines'  Mr.  E    Wilson 

Society  of  Arts.  8.  —  '  The  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold,' Lec- 
ture V,  Prof  J.  A  Ewing     i Howard  Lecture.) 

Antiquaries,  8J.  — 'Inscribed  Roman  Prow   found  in  London.' 
Mr.  C    H  Read  j    ■  Antiquities   found  in  British  Honduras 
Mr    F    Gann  ,     '  Figures     of    Saint*    found   on    Deronshire 
screens,'  Mr.  C  E  Keyser. 
Physical,  5 —'Photography  of  Ripples.' Mr  J   H   Mncent. 
Ci>'il    Engineers,    8  — '    Rocker,    and    Expansion-bearings  a* 
applied  to  Girders  of  Short  Span. '  Messrs  A.  F.  Baynham  and 
F  b  H  Dobree     (Students  Meeting  ) 
Royal  Institution,  9.—'  Palestine  Exploration,'  Lieut  Col.  C.  R. 

Conder. 
Royal  Institution,   3  — '  The    Growth    of   the   Mediterranean 
R\..ute  to  the  East,'  Mr  W  F.  Lord, 


geienct  (gossip. 

In  his  lecture  on  '  Sixty  Years  of  Submarine 
Telegraphy  '  at  the  Imperial  Institute  on  Mon- 
day last,  Prof.  Ayrton  referred  to  the  contro- 
versy which  occurred  during  1856  as  to  the 
speed  which  would  be  obtainable  on  the  pro- 
posed Atlantic  cable  of  that  time.  This  was 
hrst  conducted  in  the  columns  of  the  Athenaum 
during  October  and  November  of  that  year, 
between  Prof.  William  Thomson  (now  Lord 
Kelvin)  and  Dr.  Wildman  Whitehouse,  follow- 
ing on  the  latter's  British  Association  paper  on 
the  subject.  Dr.  Whitehouse  was  responsible 
for  the  electrical  components  of  the  cable,  and 
not  Sir  Charles  Bright  in  any  way,  who,  indeed 
(as  the  engineer),  recommended  a  much  larger 
conductor  and  insulator  than  that  selected — 
larger,  indeed,  than  was  made  for  a  long  time. 
In  his  mistaken  views  Whitehouse  had  the 
entire  support  of  Faraday,  though  it  is  not 
often  remembered. 

Mr.  Squire  Sprigge  is  writing  a  life  of 
Thomas  Wakley,  member  for  Finsbury  in  the 
thirties,  but  better  known  as  founder  of  the 
Lancet.  The  book,  which  relates  his  quarrels 
with  the  hospitals  and  surgeons  of  the  day,  16 
a  description  of  the  development  of  the  medical 
profession  between  the  years  1820  and  1860 
rather  than  a  biography  of  Thomas  Wakley. 


FINE    ARTS 


Sculptured     Tombs     of    Hellas.     By     Percy 

Gardner,  Litt.D.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
Cults  are  more  venerable  and  more  con- 
servative than  doctrine,  hence,  as  Prof. 
Gardner  well  puts  it,  "the  monuments 
erected  to  the  dead  belong  in  every  country, 
like  funeral  customs  generally,  to  a  deeper 
stratum  of  the  national  consciousness  than 
do  openly  expressed  beliefs."     A  creed,  in 


N°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


251 


our  sense,  the  Greeks  never  possessed,  but 
certain  beliefs  were  formulated  by  their  most 
enlightened,  least  conservative  spirits,  and 
these  beliefs  found  expression  in  their 
literature,  epic  and  Attic;  but  if  we  want 
to  know  what  the  "man  in  the  street," 
"  l'homme  sensuel  moyen,"  thought  and  felt 
in  the  presence  of  death  we  must  add  to  our 
study  of  aristocratic  convictions,  of  poets, 
orators,  and  philosophers,  some  knowledge 
of  folk-beliefs,  as  uttered  in  ritual,  burial 
customs,  funeral  monuments  of  any  kind. 
Hence  the  material  of  Prof.  Gardner's  book 
falls  under  three  heads,  considered  in  suc- 
cession :  first,  the  burial  customs  of  the 
Greeks;  next,  the  ideas  as  to  the  future 
life  which  prevailed  among  them;  last, 
but  foremost,  the  monuments  to  their  dead. 
Through  this  tangled  web  of  hope  and 
conviction,  of  primitive  sentiment  and 
philosophic  reflection,  Prof.  Gardner  is  a 
sure  and  sympathetic  guide.  There  is 
little  that  is  new  to  archaeologists  in  his 
book,  but  there  is  everywhere  evidence  of 
that  first-hand  knowledge,  that  personal 
point  of  view,  that  critical  freshness,  which 
is  as  rare  as,  and  perhaps  not  less  valu- 
able than,  originality  in  theory  ;  the  author's 
mind  delights  in  the  balancing  of  opinion, 
and  in  one  matter  only — that  of  art  criti- 
cism— do  the  scales  topple  to  the  wrong 
side.  Prof.  Gardner's  admiration  of  the 
Sidon  sarcophagi  seems  to  us  excessive. 
Of  the  Alexander  sarcophagus  he  says,  "  Its 
beauty  and  preservation  are  alike  over- 
powering"; we  suspect  it  is  the  "pre- 
servation" rather  than  the  "beauty." 
"  Altogether  it  is  one  of  the  world's  master- 
pieces." We  cannot  agree.  Still  more  are 
we  at  issue  with  his  estimate  of  the  Tomb 
of  the  Mourning  Women.  "Never,"  says 
Prof.  Gardner,  "  was  there  a  work  of  art  in 
which  death  and  mourning  were  represented 
in  so  sacred  and  so  exquisitely  subdued  a 
fashion."  His  critical  faculty  seems  over- 
powered by  the  tour  de  force  accomplished 
by  the  artist,  who  has  produced  "eighteen 
figures  of  women,  all  young  and  of  the  same 
type,  all  standing  in  poses  both  in  them- 
selves elegant  yet  suggestive  of  grief." 
Yes,  that  is  just  what  they  are,  "  all  elegant 
yet  suggestive  of  grief"  (why  "yet"?); 
but  to  us  they  are  rather  tiresome  cliches. 

Something  of  the  same  over-estimate  per- 
vades Prof.  Gardner's  discussion  of  the 
Attic  stelae.  The  reason  of  their  wide  popu- 
larity is  not  far  to  seek,  and  it  is  a  popu- 
larity so  wide  as  to  be  in  itself  "  suspect." 
Compared  with  the  vulgarities  of  our  own 
sculpturod  tombs,  the  Attic  stelae  are  marvels 
of  beauty  and  good  taste ;  moreover,  they 
touch  an  unexpected  domestic  note.  The 
British  tourist  learns,  to  his  sudden  surprise, 
that  the  Greek  was  human — that,  Turkish 
though  his  habits  always  were,  he  yet 
loved  his  wife  and  child.  He  learns  also, 
to  his  still  greater  surprise,  that  it  is  pos- 
sible to  be  pathetic  without  lapsing,  as  his 
own  stonemasons  habitually  have  lapsed, 
into  emotional  indecency.  The  Greek,  who 
shed  on  the  slightest  excuse  "  abundance 
of  salt  tears  "  in  real  life,  held  reserve  in 
art  to  be  imperative  ;  the  Englishman,  who 
at  his  mother's  funeral  weeps,  if  at  all,  with 
difficulty,  delights  in  overt  lamontation  on 
her  tombstone. 

All  this  has  led,  we  think,  to  an  over- 
estimate of  the  artistic  merit  of  tho  Attic 


stelae.  Beautiful  they  are,  and  stamped 
with  the  hall-mark  of  a  fine  tradition ; 
but  many  of  the  most  admired — e.g.,  the 
Dexileos  monument — are  not  exempt  from 
the  cliche  reproach ;  which,  after  all,  is  only 
to  say  that  every  Greek  stonemason  is  not 
an  artist,  and  that  some  of  us  are  touched 
more  by  domestic  association  than  by  actual 
artistic  utterance. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  and  able 
chapters  is  on  the  "  heroizing  reliefs "  of 
Sparta.  On  the  vexed  question  of  the 
mysterious  horse  that  appears  so  often, 
Prof.  Gardner  suggests  a  simple  solution, 
that 

"  a  chief  accustomed  all  his  life  to  riding  would 
scarcely  be  supposed  to  lack  a  horse  in  the 
fields  of  Hades.  We  have  ancient  evidence  that 
the  presence  of  a  sculptured  horse  beside  a 
sculptured  man  showed  his  knightly  rank  in  the 
'Athenian  Constitution'  of  Aristotle  (c.  vii. 
p.  95),  where  we  are  told  that  a  statue  of  one 
Diphilas  in  the  Athenian  Acropolis,  which  was 
set  up  to  mark  his  rise  to  the  knightly  rank, 
had  a  horse  standing  beside  it." 

This  is  in  part  true.  But  what  a  type 
came  to  mean  is  not  on  all  fours  with  its 
original  meaning.  We  believe  the  horse  to 
be  the  old  symbol  and  later  attribute  of  the 
primitive  (perhaps  Pelasgian)  horse- god 
Hippios,  later  identified  with  Asklepios  and 
Poseidon,  worshipped  in  Thessaly — where 
his  coin  type  prevails — by  the  horse  tribe  of 
the  Centaurs,  and  in  Arcadia  in  the  female 
form  as  the  horse-headed  Demeter.  Like 
most  primitive  tribal  gods,  he  was  a  god-of- 
all-work,  ruling  in  the  under  as  in  the 
upper  world  ;  and  trusting  in  the  god's  aid 
the  hero  faced  the  dangers  and  disabilities 
of  life  after  death.  One  other  detail,  and 
we  have  done  with  criticism.  In  discussing 
the  well-known  Lower  Italy  vases  with 
"Orphic"  representations  of  Hades,  Prof. 
Gardner  says  (p.  37),  "  Orpheus  is  evidently 
using  his  art  to  persuade  Hades  to  restore 
Eurydice "  ;  but  Eurydice  in  this,  as  in 
most  of  the  vase-paintings,  is  wanting, 
"  a  curious  fact,  which  may  indicate 
that  the  motive  of  the  quest  of  Orpheus 
was  originally  something  different."  A 
very  curious  fact  indeed.  If  the  vase 
painter  had  meant  to  indicate  the  quest  of 
Eurydice,  surely,  in  the  name  of  common 
sense,  Eurydice  would  have  been  present. 
There  is  a  limit  to  the  stupidity  of  which 
even  a  Greek  vase  painter  is  capable.  But 
the  vase  painter  no  more  intended  to  depict 
the  quest  of  Eurydice  than  did  Polygnotus 
in  his  great  Hades  fresco  in  the  Delphian 
Lesche.  There  Orpheus  is  represented 
seated  holding  his  lyre,  but  no  Eurydice, 
for  Orpheus  is  present  as  priest  and  hiero- 
phant  of  his  own  mysteries,  not  as  lover ; 
indeed,  the  love  story  of  Eurydice,  dear  to 
the  modern  romantic  mind,  was  of  very 
secondary  import  to  tho  initiated  Greek. 
Eurydice  was  primarily  the  ividc  ruler, 
Queen  of  the  shades,  and  Orpheus  in  those 
days  was  never  doomed  to  sing  "  che  faro 
senza  te,"  &c. 

The  chapter  on  "  Inscriptions"  is  full  of 
human  charm.  Every  one  knows  tho  austere 
fashion  of  the  fifth  and  fourth  centuries  B.C., 
which  confined  the  epitaph  to  name,  patro- 
nymic, and  dome.  Many  think  that  the 
simple  xtt'^c  was  a  frequent  addition.  This 
form,  common  in  late  epitaphs,  never  occurs 
on  tho  grave  of  an  Athenian  citizen.     But 


such  austerity  was  not  for  long.  In  the 
decadence  of  feeling,  taste  and  ingenuity 
develope,  and  tombs  are  hung  with  flowers 
from  the  garland  of  the  anthology,  /3aia  jilv 
aAAa  p68a.  Poets  write  dainty  epigrams  for 
ladies'  pets ;  a  long-eared  hare,  who  died 
of  over-feeding,  is  celebrated  in  elegiacs  of 
some  elegance.  On  the  stele  of  Leon  a  lion 
is  engraved,  and  Simonides  writes  punning 
pentameters.  We  are  not  far  removed 
from  the  Cheshire  worthy  who  hopes  here- 
after to  rest  in  "  Wilbraham's  bosom."  The 
last  chapter  of  ancestor  worship  remains  to 
be  written. 

Prof.  Gardner's  new  book  is  only  second 
in  merit  to  his  'New  Chapters  in  Greek 
History,'  and  this  is  high  praise.  The 
beautiful  phototype  plates  will  appeal  to  an 
even  wider  public. 


Oxford  Characters.  Twenty-four  Lithographs 
by  Will  Rothenstein.  With  Text  by  F.  York 
Powell  and  Others.  (Lane.)— Mr.  Rothenstein 
has  added  to  the  collection  of  portraits  which 
he  made  two  or  three  years  ago,  and  has  bound 
up  the  whole  in  a  handsome  volume.  Here  we 
may  see  learned  and  famous  professors  assorted 
in  an  odd  company  of  possibly  even  more 
famous  athletes,  in  whose  delineament  the 
brain  is  dexterously  diminished  in  order  to 
emphasize  the  brawn,  and  of  other  under- 
graduates who,  for  one  reason  or  another,  have 
been  notable  among  their  kind.  We  think  the 
combination  an  unfortunate  one,  for  in  years  to 
come  the  portraits  of  men  like  Sir  Henry 
Acland,  Burdon  Sanderson,  and  Robinson  Ellis 
will  retain  their  interest,  while  some  of  the 
others  will  be  prized  only  by  the  student  of 
fashion,  as  showing  the  extreme  exiguity  of 
nether  garments  permitted  by  the  police.  At 
the  first  glance  many  of  Mr.  Rothenstein's 
drawings  strike  one  as  caricatures  ;  but  this, 
except  perhaps  in  one  or  two  instances,  is  not 
really  the  case.  The  artist  has  a  remarkable 
gift  for  seizing  characteristic  expressions  and 
attitudes,  and  though  the  element  of  exaggera- 
tion is  not  altogether  absent,  the  portraits,  on 
the  whole,  are  wonderfully  faithful  and  full  of 
humour,  and  there  are  but  few  failures.  To 
comment  on  the  latter  would  lead  us  into  per- 
sonalities ;  but  we  may  signalize  among  Mr. 
Rothenstein's  successes  the  portraits  of  Mr. 
Mortill  and  Prof.  York  Powell.  The  Professor, 
we  may  add,  occupies  a  peculiar  position  in  the 
book.  Here  is  his  portrait  and  the  volume  is 
dedicated  to  him,  while  at  the  same  time  he  is 
the  principal  author  of  the  notices  prefixed. 
These  aim  at  epigram,  but  the  epigram  is  not 
good,  and  the  style  is  cumbrous  and  archaic. 
The  book  would  have  been  better  without 
them. 

The  Classical  Sculpture  Gallery,  1S96,  Parts  I. 
and  II.  (Grevel  &  Co.),  ranks  itself  with 
L'Art  Pratique,  and  contains  more  than,  strictly 
speaking,  its  title  indicates.  It  consists  of 
rather  heavy  and  blackish  photographic  copies 
from  sculptures  of  various  schools,  dates,  and 
materials— marble,  stone,  bronze,  and  brass. 
'  The  Seated  Hermes,'  from  Naples  ;  the  clumsy 
and  exaggerated  head  of  'The  Dying  Alexander,' 
so  called,  from  Florence;  reliefs  by  A.  Pisano 
from  the  Campanile,  Florence  ;  statues  from 
the  Palais  de  Justice,  Poitiers  ;  Verrocchio's 
'Boy  with  a  Dolphin,'  from  tho  Palazzo 
Vecchio,  Florence;  and  'King  Arthur,'  from 
the  famous  group  of  tomb-statues  in  the  Hof- 
kirche  at  Innsbruck,  are  all  to  be  found  in 
one  number.  The  fault  lies  in  the  process 
employed  for  the  prints,  but  the  cost- 
only  sixpence  a  number—  is   to    be   noted.      The 

Print  Gallery  (same  publishers)  is  of  small  folio 

size,  largo  enough  for  the  reproduction  in  a 
satisfactory  way  of  such  woodcuts  and  engrav- 
ings as  Diirer's  '  Nativity  of  Christ,' Stimmer's 


252 


Til  E     ATI!  KXvK  r  M 


'  Child  .-mil  tlir  Maiden,1  Hollar's  etching  of  Tim 
Pjek'i  •  Oountees  <>f  Portland  '  (whj  not  one  of 
the  'Centum  [oones'ft,  Delaunay's  '  Le  Petil 
•'"i",'  ■  readencN  i  U  as  works  of 

Zasinger,  L.  Cranaoh,  Burgkmair,  Rembrandt, 

and  'I'.K.|iu:. 

l.<t  Galerit  Comimu  du  Dix-neuviinu  .s 
(Paris,  Btrauss.)  Roe.  1  6  of  thievery  decidedly 
•free"  end  daring  collection  of  caricature* 
contemporaiivet  by  various  audacious  and  .skilful 
satirical  draughtsmen  contain  sonic  gems  which 
are  "broad1  and  hold  enough  to  please  even 
jaded  palates.  Few  of  the  caricatures  are  lack- 
ing in  spirit. 

Till:  ROYAL  ACADEMY.—  WINTEK  E  I  HI  I'.ITION. 
LOKD  LEIGHTON's  PIOTUBM. 
(Third  and  Concluding  Notice.) 
FROM  the  Hand  (No.  18),  which  was  in- 
tended to  depict  Leighton's  interpretation  of 
the  lamentation  of  the  king  as  he  sat  on  the 
roof  of  his  palace,  "Oh  that  I  had  wings  like 
a  dove  !  for  then  would  I  fly  away,  and  be  at 
rest,"  the  visitor  will  do  well,  if  he  desires  to 
know  how  wide  was  the  range  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent's sympathies,  to  turn  to  the  beautiful  idyl 
which  Mr.  Ashton  has  lent  under  the  title 
Pastoral  (21),  a  work  of  the  year  1867— the 
master's  prime.  It  followed  'David'  on  his 
easel,  and  it  was  at  the  Academy  with  '  Venus 
disrobing  for  the  Bath,'  No.  56,  to  which  we 
shall  come  presently,  and  the  'Roman  Mother,' 
on  which  we  have  already  commented.  The 
composition  is  so  graceful  and  pure  that  it 
might  have  been  developed  from  a  Creek 
vase,  while  the  sentiment  which  inspires  this 
charming  group  of  a  shepherd  and  a  girl  whom 
he  is  teaching  to  play  on  the  double  pipes  is 
cpaite  Hellenic.  So  likewise  are  the  passion 
and  the  graceful  restraint  of  the  damsel  as  she 
leans  against  her  lover's  breast.  The  design 
has  much  of  the  elegance  discoverable  in  those 
lovely  statuettes  of  Tanagra,  the  first  of  which 
came  to  light  about  the  time  '  A  Pastoral '  was 
painted.  The  chief  fault  of  '  A  Pastoral ' 
is  that  the  girl  is  somewhat  more  French  than 
classical,  but  all  the  rest  of  the  picture,  the 
draperies  throughout,  the  man's  face  and  de- 
meanour, his  stalwart  figure,  the  sheep  that 
linger  in  the  shadows  of  the  trees,  the  gleam 
of  light  that  strikes  along  the  sward,  and  the 
hills  of  the  background  that  darken  in  the  coming 
night  are  in  harmony  with  each  other,  and 
also  with  the  style  and  tenor  of  the  picture. 
In  short,  there  is  no  straining  of  the  sentiment 
of  this  excellent  design. 

Leighton's  exemplary  care  about  details  could 
hardly  be  better  illustrated  than  in  the  em- 
broidery painted  in  the  half-length  figure  of 
A  NMe  Lady  of  Venice  (23),  a  picture  not 
exhibited  till  now,  and  the  property  of  Lord 
Armstrong.  The  lady,  a  portrait  of  course, 
wears  a  brocaded  gown,  the  execution  of 
which,  as  a  specimen  of  brush  power,  is  not 
unworthy  of  Frank  Hals.  The  large  pic- 
ture of  Perseus  and  Andromeda  (32;,  painted 
in  1891,  needs  no  lengthy  comment.  Here 
again  the  trouble  Leighton  gave  himself  in  pre- 
paring his  works  is  conspicuous.  In  order  to 
solidify  his  ideas  of  the  subject,  he  modelled  in 
clay  not  only  the  figure  of  Andromeda,  but  the 
group  of  Perseus  and  Pegasus,  and  he  carried 
out  his  conception  of  the  attitude  of  the  hero 
and  his  horse  with  superabundant  care.  These 
models  are  now  in  the  Water-Colour  Room  and 
numbered  322.  In  the  same  room  are  the  Sketch 
M<<del  for  a  Group  of  Three  Figures  in  '  The 
Daphnephoria'  (312)  and  models  of  Cymon 
and  Iphigenia  in  the  large  picture  '  Cymon  and 
Iphigenia,'  Nos.  314  and  315,  together  with  One 
of  the  Figures  in  '  The  Daphnephoria,'  No.  320. 
It  was  by  means  of  the  statuettes  that  Leighton 
contrived  to  impart  so  much  force  to  the 
expressive  light  and  shade  of  'Perseus  and 
Andromeda,'  and  to  illustrate  the  relationship 
of  the  chained  maiden  and  the  rescuer.     The 


N°3617,  Fk».  20,  '97 


very  tilling   shadow   of    the    dragon's   wing,    in 

which    Andromeda's    flesh    is  seen,    e/as    beat 
studied  by  these  means.     Although  we  do  not 

care     for     the     monster,    it    is     impossible 

I-    admire    the    suitability  of    the   landscape  and 

oape.     The  dark  ami  deep  mi  in  the  iron- 

bound  coast,  and  the  narrow  opening  through 
which  the  placid  sea  is  seen,  form  a  capital 
instance  of  Leighton's  ability  to  compose  the 
of  his  subjects,  an  ability  of  which 
other  first-rate  examples  aro  'David,'  'Pas- 
toral,'  'Cymon  and  Iphigenia,' and  'C'lytie';  but 
the  altar-like  rock  rising  from  the  dark-green 
water  in  the  middle  of  the  inlet  is  almost  too 
well  arranged  to  sustain  the  monster  and  his 
prey.  On  the  other  hand,  the  wildness  of  the 
rift  and  its  chilly  gloom  are  very  well  suited  to 
the  occasion.  We  believe  the  scene  of  this  back- 
ground was  found  on  the  coast  of  Donegal. 
The  radiance  surrounding  Perseus  is  not  radiant 
enough,  the  rock  painting  is  academic,  while 
the  dragon  is  far  from  being  an  unqualified 
success. 

The  Jealousy  of  Simeetha  the  Sorceress  (33) 
leaves  nothing  to  be  desired  in  the  agony  of  the 
woman's  beautiful  face,  which  is  modelled  as  if 
it  were  carved  out  of  marble,  while  she  turns 
in  her  seat  and  is  filled  with  dread  because  of 
the  omen  following  the  immolation  of  the  dove 
upon  the  magic  wheel  at  her  side.  The  Arab 
Hall  (34),  a  fine  study  of  colour  and  effect, 
shows  the  beauty  of  Mr.  Aitchison's  adaptation 
of  Oriental  art  to  his  friend's  taste  for  the 
sumptuous.  Ariadne  abandoned  by  Theseus  (36), 
painted  in  1868,  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  sim- 
plest and  most  pathetic  of  Leighton's  pictures. 
Ariadne  wears  a  voluminous  mantle  of  a  wan 
olive  colour,  over  a  tunic  of  marble  white  ;  and 
these  colours  not  only  harmonize  with  the 
pallors  of  her  carnations,  but  enhance  the 
mournful  sentiment  of  the  design,  while  they 
add  the  force  of  contrast  to  the  livid  purple 
of  the  waveless  sea,  which  extends  to  the 
horizon  and  meets  there  a  long  bar  of  brass- 
like light.  Leighton,  always  careful  of  his 
accessories,  has  introduced  among  the  arid 
herbage  of  the  white  limestone  cliff  groups 
of  harsh  and  dry  mortuary  flowers,  and 
cast  over  the  whole  scene  the  cold  shadow  of 
the  brooding  clouds  which  slowly  spread  them- 
selves as  far  as  we  can  see.  The  yellowish- 
brown  flowers  are  the  strongest  notes  in  the 
picture's  coloration,  and  yet  so  skilfully  are 
all  its  elements  harmonized  that  there  is  no 
lack  of  strength  of  tone  or  tint.  A  much 
smaller  picture  of  A  Greek  Girl  Dancing  (38) 
owes  its  existence  to  Leighton's  seeing  a  beau- 
tiful damsel  dancing  with  a  slow  rhythmical 
motion  upon  the  sands  of  Cadiz  Bay.  She 
moves  with  charming  freedom  and  abundant 
grace,  her  draperies  swaying  about  her  knees. 
The  elan  of  her  attitude  is  in  the  best  taste. 
A  much  larger  picture,  The  Garden  of  the 
Hesperides  (39),  which  we  described  before  it 
went  to  the  Academy  in  1892,  need  not  detain 
us  now.  Fine  in  every  technical  respect,  it, 
in  spite  of  the  brilliance,  gaiety,  and  splendour 
of  its  colouring,  the  voluptuousness  and  grace 
of  the  figures,  fails  in  adding  to  our  admira- 
tion for  Leighton,  simply  because  it  has  no  ruling 
purpose  and  no  vitalizing  motive,  such  as  nearly 
all  his  more  ambitious  works  possess.  Yet  in 
one  supremely  important  respect— in  its  delight- 
ful harmonies  of  "rose,  amber,  emerald,  blue," 
and  in  the  glowing  lustre  of  its  sunlight  effect— 
No.  39  is  the  equal  of  any  picture  here. 

Lord  Davey's  Golden  Hours  (40)  illustrates 
the  culmination  of  the  Italian  Renaissance  as 
Leighton  understood  it.  Here  the  coloration 
and  the  light  and  shade  combine  to  produce 
excellent  chiaroscuro  and  a  choice  exercise 
in  tone.  We  can  hardly  tell  why  the  life- 
size,  half-length  figure  of  a  beautiful  damsel— 
whose  bare  shoulders  and  bosom  afford  a 
sumptuous  example  of  masterly  treatment  for 
the  flesh,  a  noble  instance  of  what  the 
carnations    ought    to    be     in     art  — is     styled 


danta     (44).  dos     met 

ghter   Qt  (45;    is     exactly    what   a 

Greek  Walteau  might  be  exacted  to  paint. 
The  charming  figure  of  the  girl  in  a  pale 
purple,  semi  •  transparent  costume,  her  in- 
genuous expression,  and  her  attentive  air, 
quite  excellent.  The  teacher  is  a  little  prosaic, 
but  the  beauty,  simplicity,  and  colour  of  the 
picture  as  a  whole  are  admirable.     The  large- 

and  sumptuousness  of  the  nude  A 
(4!t),  reclining  on  the  shore  and  turning  to 
look  over  her  shoulder  at  the  dolphins  dis- 
porting in  the  shallow  sea  near  her  feet,  are 
not  the  only  charms  of  a  picture  the  style 
of  which  and  the  flesh  modelling  are  just 
what  they  should  be.  The  brilliancy  and  homo- 
geneity of  the  whole  work  are  such  that  it  may 
seem  ungrateful  to  challenge  the  drawing  of 
her  right  thigh,  as  well  as  to  complain  that 
her  hands  are  too  large  and  the  dolphins  are  too 
near  her.  It  is  a  work  of  1868,  and  was  at  the 
Academy  with  'Ariadne  Abandoned '  and  the 
delightful  'Acme  and  Septimius,'  which  is  here 
again  as  No.  171. 

There  is  somewhat  excessive  grace  and  sweet- 
ness about  the  small  full-length  figure  of  the 
naked  virgin  standing  near  the  edge  of  a 
marble  bath  which  Leighton  called  The  Bath 
of  Psyche  (51),  and  the  Academicians  bought  it 
with  the  Chantrey  Fund.  Neither  it  nor  the 
Egyptian  Slinger  (53),  which  was  the  fruit  of 
the  artistes  Nile  voyage,  is  one  of  his  best 
works.  Nearly  thirty  years  before  this  the 
President  painted  an  immeasurably  finer  Venus 
disrobing  for  the  Bath  (56),  which  was  some 
time  in  hand  before  he  sent  it  to  Trafalgar  Square 
in  1867.  It  may  be  taken  as  a  sign  of  the  times 
that  more  than  one  beautiful  lady  was  wont  to 
hint  that  she  had  been  the  model  for  this  beauti- 
ful whole-length,  life-size  goddess,  and  the  artist 
was  wont  to  smile  when  he  heard  of  these  claims. 
It  is  more  than  possible  that  all  of  them  and 
a  well-known  professional  model  besides  were 
in  the  artist's  mind  when  he  painted  this  tall 
and  slender  goddess,  somewhat  more  French 
than  antique.  It  is  hard  to  say  how  it  came 
about  that  Leighton,  whose  flesh  tints  mostly 
tended  to  rosy  rather  than  to  silvery  hues,  made 
this  Yenus's  flesh  somewhat  more  grey  and 
marble-like  than  usual.  It  is  probable  that  the 
teint  of  some  lady  whose  charms,  unused  to  the 
sun,  were  paler  than  the  model's,  attracted  Leigh- 
ton at  the  time  and  set  the  key  of  these  carnations 
at  lower  pitch  than  ordinary.  However  this  may 
be,  there  is  no  doubt  of  the  uncommon  beauty 
of  this  figure,  the  long  and  pure  lines  of  which 
are  as  chaste  in  their  style  as  they  are  statuesque 
in  their  forms.  The  type  of  this  Yenus  con- 
trasts strongly  with  that  of  Aetata,  or  with  that 
of  the  maiden  singers  in  'Daphnephoria,'  the 
lovely  girls  in  'Summer  Moon,'  and  the  volup- 
tuous woman  in  '  Flaming  June.'  It  is  right  to 
call  attention  to  these  differences  in  Leighton's 
nudities,  because  they  are  sufficient  to  disprove 
the  alleged  narrowness  of  his  taste  and  choice 
of  female  charms  for  the  subjects  of  his  art. 
In  this  case  we  have  before  us  a  Yenus  of  the 
Court  of  Louis  XIY.  rather  than  of  antiquity  ; 
with  the  former  the  dressing  of  the  lady's  hair, 
the  moulding  of  her  features,  and  even  the 
slenderness  of  her  torso  and  limbs,  completely 
agree. 

The  catholicity  of  the  taste  of  the  Corporation 
of  Manchester  is  curiously  illustrated  by  its 
owning  Madox  Brown's  4  Work  '  as  well  as  the 
Captive  Andromache  (57).  Although  one  of 
the  most  elaborate  of  the  painter's  efforts, 
the  '  Andromache  '  is  not  one  of  the  happiest. 
It  is,  in  fact,  a  collection  of  almost  emotionless 
statues,  most  skilfully  put  together.  Some  of  the 
figures  are  lovely,  and,  severally,  they  are  most 
excellent  illustrations  of  Leighton's  cast  of  mind. 
The  best  is  the  stately  and  graceful  girl  in  blue 
with  the  Athenian  vase  upon  her  head,  so  elegant 
that  she  might  have  been  born  in  Tanagra. 
Another  picture  that  is  not  quite  successful  is 
Orpheus  and  Eiirydice  (61),  a  group  of  life-size, 


!f°3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


253 


hree-quarfcers-length    figures,    the    passion    of 

vhich  does  not  approach  that  of  the  far  finer 

lesign  of  Mr.  Watts  representing  a  somewhat 

ater  moment  in  the  same  incident.    Mr.  Watts's 

dea  is  a  concrete  and  organic  one,  anything  but 

t  commonplace  like  Leighton's.     However,  the 

nterest  of  his  picture  for  us  is  greatly  enhanced 

)y  the  beauty  of  Browning's  "Fragment"  of 

,-erse,  which   appeared   in   the  Academy  Cata- 

ogue  of  1864,  when  the  work  was  exhibited, 

md  begins  with  the  wife's  cry, 

But  give  them  me — the  mouth,  the  eyes,  the  brow — 
Let  them  once  more  absorb  me  I     One  look  now 
Will  lap  me  round  for  ever. 

This  fragment  may  be  matched  with  that  other 
jne  which  the  same  poet  wrote  in  honour  of 
Maclise's  picture  of  'A  Serenade,'  representing 
overs  parting  in  Venice,  a  verse  which  seems 
:o  have  been  developed  into  the  masterly  poem 
'In  a  Gondola,'  which  we  all  admire.  Mrs. 
Sutherland  Orr,  we  may  remark,  in  her  '  Life 
ind  Letters  of  Browning,'  pp.  130  and  133, 
ippears  to  think  that  Maclise's  work  was  at  the 
British  Institution  in  1841.  In  that  year  he  did 
lot  exhibit  in  Pall  Mall.  '  A  Serenade  '  was,  with 
;he  verses,  No.  255  in  the  exhibition  of  1842. 

The  Corporation  of  Manchester  was  much 
sviser  in  buying  of  Leighton  the  large  upright 
picture  called  The  Last  Watch  of  Hero  (67)  than 
yhen  it  purchased  '  Captive  Andromache. '  The 
'ormer,  though  consisting  of  a  single  figure,  is 
:ruly  an  epitome  of  passion  such  as  the  Pre- 
sident seldom  surpassed.  'Tivixt  Hope  and  Fear 
68)  and  Flaming  June  (75)  are  the  last  of  the 
ivorksnowbefore  us  which  adorned  the  Academy's 
walls  during  the  painter's  lifetime.  We  have  fre- 
quently admired  the  subtle  pathos  of  the  single 
agure  of  the  dark-haired  Greek,  clad  in  dark 
?reen  and  white,  who  turns  suddenly  towards 
js  as  if  she  heard  a  longed-for  footfall.  Her 
sips  seem  to  tremble  and  her  eyes  open  wide 
beneath  her  eyebrows  lifted  in  anxiety.  Such 
ire  the  means  by  which  the  artist  justified  his 
;laim  to  deal  with  the  more  subtle  emotions, 
ivhile  most  of  the  works  here  represent  his 
claims  to  delineate  the  more  obvious  passions. 
;  Flaming  June '  was  so  recently  seen  in  this 
gallery  that  we  need  only  regret  the  signs  of 
"ailing  power  traceable  in  its  imperfect  drawing 
ind  the  thinness  of  its  painting.  Seeing  it  on 
his  easel  before  it  went  to  the  Academy,  we 
hoped  these  shortcomings  would  be  removed. 
No  time  was,  alas  !  allowed. 

Leighton  proved  himself  an  admirable  painter 
:>f  children's  portraits  when  he  chose  to  attempt 
:hem,  which  was  seldom.  The  life-size  whole- 
length  of  Miss  R.  Stewart  Hodgson  (72),  a 
charming  little  girl,  dressed  in  a  dark  red  coat 
and  a  hat  trimmed  with  fur,  a  hitherto  unex- 
hibited  portrait,  is  an  admirable  work  technically 
speaking,  a  perfect  piece  of  flesh-painting,  of 
which  the  carnations  are  as  good  as  Millais's, 
while  the  whole  is  excellent  in  colour.  Winding 
the  Skein  (79)  was  painted  in  1878,  the  same 
year  as  Miss  Hodgson's  portrait,  and  as  No.  302 
at  the  Academy  it  charmed  us  all  by  its  beau- 
tiful and  gay  coloration,  the  grace  of  the 
figures,  and  the  choiceness  of  the  attitudes 
and  expression,  as  well  as  the  loveliness  and 
originality  of  the  background  of  sea  and  hills. 
Of  Summer  Moon  (84)  we  have  already  spoken  as 
one  of  the  finest  decorative  pictures  of  our  time. 
It  u  one  of  the  best  of  Leighton's  compositions 
in  curving  lines  of  unusual  complexity  and 
grace.  The  effect  of  sultry  gloom  pervading  the 
alcove  is  most  appropriate  and  is  admirably 
rendered,  while  nothing  could  be  finer  than 
tho  draughtsmanship  of  the  draperies  and  the 
sumptuous  forms  within  them.  The  sentiment 
of  Albert  Moore,  which  Leighton  understood 
too  well  to  repeat  often,  is  to  be  found  in 
Summer  Moon,'  which  surpasses  any  of 
Moore  s  pictures  in  beauty,  delicacy,  and  also 
homogeneity  of  effect  and  light  and  shade. 
ie  last  were  qualities  in  which  Moore,  fine 
irtist  as  he  was,  was  lamentably  deficient 

To  conclude  our  notice  of  the  exhibition,  we 


may  once  again  repeat  our  opinion  that  the 
'  Daphnephoria  '  is  the  finest  work  of  art  in  it — 
a  picture  on  which  Leighton  lavished  all  his  best 
gifts  without  regard  to  time  or  cost.  Some  of 
the  figures  in  it  are  the  most  beautiful  he  ever 
painted,  and  it  represented  his  conception  of 
Greek  life  at  its  fairest.  At  the  time  it  was 
ready  for  exhibition  a  description  of  it  was  pub- 
lished in  these  columns  which  was  sanctioned 
by  Leighton  himself. 


$int-Qtt   <§0S8tjr. 

In  accordance  with  a  recent  practice  of  the 
"Old  Society,"  of  which  he  was  so  distin- 
guished a  member,  a  collection  of  Mr.  Boyce's 
works  will  probably  be  formed  next  winter  at 
the  gallery  in  Pall  Mall.  In  addition  to  what 
we  said  in  our  obituary  notice  of  him,  let  us 
state  that  in  1875  he  married  Mile.  Augustine 
A.  Soubeyran,  whose  devoted  affection  soothed, 
so  much  as  was  possible,  the  sufferings  of  her 
husband's  later  days.  Boyce,  we  may  also  say, 
was  adequately  represented  at  Manchester  in 
1887  by  No.  1491,  '  A  Valley  at  Wooton,  Surrey, 
1866.' 

At  Messrs.  Agnew  &  Sons'  may  now  be  seen 
one  of  Alfred  Hunt's  most  impressive  pictures 
in  oil,  which  was  exhibited  at  the  Academy  in 
1874.  Named  '  Rents  and  Scars  on  Coniston 
Fells, 'it  represents  with  great  power  a  thunder- 
storm brooding  over  the  deep  valley  which 
Hunt  depicted- in  the  drawing  he  called  'The 
Miner's  Path,'  No.  1  in  the  recent  collection  of 
his  works  at  the  Old  Society's  Gallery. 

It  was  to  No.  3  of  the  Germ  —  and  not 
No.  4  of  that  magazine,  as  we  stated  last 
week  —  that  Madox  Brown  contributed  an 
etching  similar  to  '  Cordelia's  Portion. '  Brown 
did  so  with  reference  to  the  theme  of  Mr. 
W.  M.  Rossetti's  poem  of  'Cordelia.'  Coven- 
try Patmore's  essay  on  'Macbeth,'  one  of 
his  most  acute  prose  writings,  Dante  G.  Ros- 
setti's 'The  Carillon  of  Bruges,'  Woolner's 
'Emblems,'  and  several  contributions  by  Chris- 
tina Rossetti  followed  '  Cordelia  '  in  the  same 
number  of  the  Germ. 

A  picture  by  G.  Richmond,  entitled  'Christ 
and  the  Woman  of  Samaria,'  the  gift  of  the 
painter's  family,  has  been  hung  in  the  National 
Gallery  and  numbered  1492.  It  is  in  Room  XXL, 
and  has  been  followed  by  Millais's  '  Yeoman  of 
the  Guard,'  popularly  known  as  '  A  Beefeater,' 
which  was  at  the  Academy  in  1877  with  '  The 
Sound  of  Many  Waters  '  and  '  Yes  !  '  The 
'Yeoman'  is  the  gift  of  Mr.  Hodgkinson,  of 
Kensington. 

The  promoters  tell  us  that  they  have  on 
view  in  the  Continental  Gallery,  New  Bond 
Street,  a  "New  Series  of  Marvellous  Pictures 
from  the  Paris  Salons,  &c."— Messrs.  H.  Graves 
&  Co.  invite  us  to  see  "A  Collection  of  Oil 
Paintings  of  English  Landscape  by  the  Misses 
S.  Wood  and  A.  Elias." 

Dr.  G.  C.  Williamson,  the  author  of  '  The 
Life  of  Richard  Cosway  '  which  has  just  been 
published,  has  in  the  press  a  book  on  '  Minia- 
tures,' which  is  to  be  profusely  illustrated.  It 
will  be  included  in  Messrs.  Bell's  "Connois- 
seur Series." 

Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  sold 
on  the  13th  inst.  the  following  pictures  :  D. 
Cox,  '  A  Welsh  Landscape,  with  men  watering 
horses,'  1101.  J.  Stark,  'A  Coast  Scene,  with 
figures,  dog,  and  shipping  craft,'  2101. 

Messrs.  Sothedy,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge  sold 
the  following  med.ils  on  tho  11th  inst.  :— Gold  : 
Anne,  Accession,  1702,  14/.  15s.  Silver  :  Eliza- 
beth, oval  and  gilt,  20/.  15s.  Return  of 
William  III.  from  Ireland,  bust  of  the  king 
on  the  obverse,  the  queen  on  the  reverse,  17/.  5s. 
Medal  by  Roettier  on  the  presentation  of  a  now 
chain  of  honour  (o  (lie  Lord  Mayor  of  Dublin, 
12/.  Loyal  Society  medal,  1745,  12/.  15s! 
George    III.    small    "  Indian    chief's "    medal, 


1814,  30/.  Medal  commemorating  the  earth- 
quake at  Lisbon,  1755,  10/.  10s  War  medal, 
"Candahar,"  1842,  21/.  10s. 

The  following,  taken  from  Le  Journal  des 
Arts,  Paris,  of  the  13th  inst.,  shows  what  is 
thought  of  art  critics  in  France  : — 

"M.  Osiris  vient  d'annoncer a  M.  Hebrard,  pre- 
sident du  Syndicat  de  la  Presse,  qu'il  donnerait,  a 
l'occasion  de  l'Exposition  de  1900,  comme  il  l'a  fait 
pour  celle  de  1889,  un  prix  de  100,000  f  r.  a  decerner 
par  le  Syndicat  de  la  Presse  parisienne  a  l'ceuvre  la 
plus  interessante  au  point  de  vue  de  l'art,  de  l'in- 
dustrie  ou  de  l'utilite  publique." 

We  have  received  a  letter  from  Mr.  F.  M. 
Hueffer  in  reply  to  our  remarks  on  the  Catalogue 
of  the  exhibition  of  his  grandfather's  works. 
He  admits  that  he  ought  to  have  given  the 
dimensions  of  the  pictures,  but  he  thinks  his 
additions  to  Brown's  notes  are  more  important 
than  we  represented  them  as  being.  We  cannot 
agree  with  him.  He  adds  that  the  Catalogue 
was  put  together  under  pressure,  and  that  it 
"  contains  a  number  of  slips  of  the  pen,  some 
of  which  your  critic  has  copied  into  his  notice"; 
but  we  did  not  copy  a  line  of  the  Catalogue 
beyond  the  titles. 

The  Muse"e  du  Luxembourg  has  been  closed 
for  enlargements,  involving  two  new  halls 
devoted  (1)  to  specimens  of  French  Impres- 
sionists and  modern  foreign  (not  French) 
pictures,  and  (2)  to  engravings,  which  for  the 
present  consist  of  the  works  of  M.  Bracque- 
mond  only.  The  latter  will  in  a  few  months 
give  place  to  another  collection  of  a  similar 
kind. 

At  Athens  a  small  potsherd  has  been  found 
which  bears  the  name  of  Themistocles,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  used  when  the  ostracism 
of  Aristides  took  place. 

The  French  School  of  Athens  announces  that 
amongst  the  inscriptions  lately  found  at  Delphi 
there  are  some  decrees  of  peculiar  importance 
for  the  history  of  Thrace.  One  of  them  men- 
tions the  Thracian  King  Chersobleptes,  and 
gives  the  names  of  his  four  sons,  which  were 
completely  unknown. 

An  important  archaeological  discovery  is  re- 
ported from  St.  Petersburg.  Prof.  S.  d'Olden- 
burg,  of  that  city,  has  received  from  the  Russian 
Consul  in  Kashgaria  a  manuscript  on  birch 
bark  written  in  the  Kharosh/hi  ("Ariano- 
Pali  ")  character.  With  the  exception  of  some 
tiny  scraps  found  by  Masson  in  the  topes  of 
Afghanistan,  no  written  example  of  this  cha- 
racter has  ever  been  found.  The  character  is 
of  obviously  Semitic  origin,  and  is  written 
from  right  to  left.  The  latest  datable  ex- 
amples of  it  are  of  the  fourth  century  a.d. 

MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

QrEEx's    Hall.— London  Ballad  Concerts,     rroraenade 
Concerts. 

An  important  innovation  was  made  by 
Messrs.  Boosey  &  Co.  at  the  Ballad  Concert 
last  Saturday  afternoon.  The  second  part 
of  the  programme  consisted  of  a  selection 
of  "English  Music  of  the  Olden  Time," 
given  under  the  direction  of  a  most  earnest 
worker  in  the  cause  of  antiquarian  music, 
Mr.  Arnold  Dolmetsch,  who,  with  his 
daughters,  Misses  Hole  no  and  Elodie  Dol- 
metsch, played  various  selections  from  six- 
teenth and  seventeenth  century  composers, 
on  virginals,  lute,  viola  da  gamba,  and 
harpsichord  ;  and  vocal  items  were  rendered 
by  Mrs.  Bortha  Moore,  Mr.  Jade  Robert- 
son, and  Mr.  Douglas  Powell.  Tho  known 
composers  represented  were  Henry  Lawes, 
Christopher  Simpson,  John  Jenkins,  and 
Henry  Purcell,  and  somo  items  wore  anony- 
mous,  taken   from  various   sources.      The 


25 1 


T  II  E     A  Til  KWKUM 


N  3617,  Feb.  20, '97 


«  tion  was  interesting,  and  wo  hope  I 

will  be  more  to  follow. 
Wagner*!  death  day  was  oommemorated 

nt    tho    Promenade    Oonoert    la«i     Saturday 

evening  with  fourteen  iteme  riven  under  the 
baton  of  Mr.  EC.  J.  Wood.   I  >f  oourae  nothing 

now  was  done,  for  ovory  work  representative 
of  the  Barreuth  master  is  now  familiar 
as  household  words.  The  various  selections 
from  'The  Flying  Dutchman,'  '  Lohengrin,' 
'.Tannhiiuser,'  '  Grotterdammerung,'  'I)io 
Walkiire,1  'Tristanund  Isolde,'  'Die  Meister- 
singer,'  and  '  Parsifal '  wore  superbly  inter- 
preted, and  the  same  definition  will  apply 
to  the  rendering  of  the  Siegfried  Idyl  and 
the  Kaiser  March.  Finer  orchestral  playing 
could  not  be  imagined ;  but  Miss  Lucile 
Hill  and  Mr.  Lloyd  Chandos  did  not  render 
full  justice  to  the  vocal  excerpts  with  which 
they  were  entrusted. 


OBITUARY. 

M.  Castelmary's  sudden  death  during  the 
first  act  of  'Martha,' in  which  he  was  playing 
the  part  of  Plunket  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera- 
house,  New  York,  has  removed  a  hard  and 
earnest  worker  in  opera,  though  scarcely  an 
eminent  artist.  He  was  one  of  Mr.  J.  H. 
Mapleson's  "discoveries,"  and  he  first  appeared 
in  London  in  1873.  A  more  industrious  per- 
former never  lived.  Castelmary's  voice  was  a 
somewhat  rough  bass,  but  he  acted  vigorously — 
at  first  rather  too  vigorously — and  he  did  good 
service  as  a  stage  manager  in  Italian  opera  ;  but 
he  apparently  did  not  understand  how  to  direct 
Wagner's  music-dramas.  At  the  lowest  esti- 
mate M.  Castelmary  was  a  very  useful  public 
servant.  His  repertory  was  extensive.  Accord- 
ing to  accepted  records  he  was  sixty-three  years 
of  age. 

Signor  Antonio  Bazzini  died  on  Friday 
last  week.  Commencing  as  an  organist, 
Bazzini  early  took  up  the  violin,  and  earned 
much  reputation  as  a  performer  in  the  Paganini 
style.  In  1864  he  retired  to  his  native  place 
Brescia,  and  subsequently  he  devoted  himself 
to  teaching.  In  1881  he  was  appointed  a 
professor  of  the  Conservatoire  at  Milan.  He 
had  ambition  as  a  composer,  but  we  fear  there 
is  no  likelihood  that  his  music  will  endure. 
Signor  Bazzini  was  in  his  seventy-ninth  year. 


$gtusial  (&om$. 

Schubert's  almost  matchless  Quartet  in  o, 
Op.  101,  was  repeated  at  last  Saturday's  Popular 
Concert,  and  Beethoven's  '  Kreutzer '  Sonata 
was  finely  rendered  by  Lady  Halle  and  Mr. 
Leonard  Borwick.  The  last-named  artist  was 
most  praiseworthy  in  Bach's  so-called  '  Italian  ' 
Concerto.  Mr.  James  Leyland  gave  satisfaction 
as  the  vocalist  in  airs  by  Scarlatti  and  Dvorak. 

Sgambati's  Quartet  in  c  sharp  minor,  which 
was  promised  for  Monday,  stands  postponed 
until  next  week,  and  in  its  place  Brahms's 
melodious  Quintet  in  o,  Op.  Ill,  was  given. 
The  same  composer  was  represented  by  the 
revised  version  of  his  Pianoforte  Trio  in  b, 
Op.  8,  and  also  by  the  Variations  on  a  Theme  by 
Paganini,  Op.  35.  These  are  mainly  in  the  old 
style  as  to  key  relationship,  but  are  very  clever 
and  difficult.  They  were  finely  played  by  Mr. 
Frederic  Lamond.  Some  vocal  duets  by  Schu- 
mann, Brahms,  and  Delibes  were  pleasantly 
sung  by  the  Misses  Florence  and  Bertha  Salter. 

The  revival  of  Ferdinando  Paer's  one-act,  or 
rather  two  in  the  original,  opera  bvffa,  'II 
Maestro  di  Cappella,'  at  the  Prince  of  Wales's 
Theatre  on  Tuesday  afternoon,  was  interesting. 
The  composer  wrote  in  the  old  Italian  style, 
and  his  music  shows  the  influence  of  Oimarosa, 
Rossini,  and  even  Mozart;  but  it  is  infinitely 
superior  to  the  Fsench  opera  bovffe  of  to  day. 


uid  the  libretto,  though  exoeedingly  slight,  is 

diverting.     The  trifle,  winch  in  its  <■•  impressed 

form  occupied  only  forty  inimr  well 

played  by  Signor  Maggi,  Miss  Pauline  Joran, 

Uld  .Mr.  Austin  Boyd,  with  an  excellent  orchi 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  E.  Levi.    '  11  Maestro 
di    Cappella'   was   produced   in  Paris    in    1821, 
I'm  r  baring  succeeded  Spontini  as  conductor  at 
the  Italian  Opera  in  the  French  capital. 

I'ki  m  maiu.y  the  nervousness  inseparable  from 

a  first  appearance  in  London  prevented  Miss 

E.  A.  Atkinson  doing  herself  full  justice  at  her 
pianoforte  recital  on  Tuesday  at  the  Steinway 
Hall.  This  may  account  for  the  want  of  re; 
and  impres8iveness  in  her  interpretation  of 
Beethoven's  Sonata  in  a  flat,  Op.  20.  Miss 
Atkinson,  however,  possesses  an  excellent  tech- 
nique, and  played  several  smaller  familiar  works 
with  notable  taste  and  expressiveness.  A  very 
pleasing  feature  of  the  afternoon  was  the  singing 
of  Schubert's  'Die  junge  Nonne '  and  two  of 
Mr.  Cowen's  songs  by  Miss  Beatrice  Frost,  who 
was  sympathetically  accompanied  by  Miss  Ross 
Hicks. 

It  is  unofficially  announced  that  the  Carl 
Rosa  Opera  Company  will  have  another  brief 
season  in  London  next  autumn  and  at  Covent 
Garden  Theatre.  We  sincerely  trust  that  the 
assertion  is  founded  on  fact. 

An  ode  for  chorus  and  orchestra  has  been 
written  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen  in  commemoration 
of  the  Queen's  long  reign,  and  it  will  be  per- 
formed at  some  of  the  forthcoming  celebrations. 

An  excellent  scheme  for  the  spring  and 
summer  concerts  of  the  eighty-fifth  season  of  the 
Philharmonic  Society  is  arranged.  Several  new 
works  are  announced,  among  them  being  a 
Scottish  pianoforte  concerto  by  Sir  Alexander 
Mackenzie,  to  be  played  by  M.  Paderewski  ;  an 
overture,  'Spring  and  Youth,' by  Mr.  Herbert 
Bunning  ;  a  vocal  scena  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen  ; 
an  English  '  Fantasia '  by  Mr.  Edward  German  ; 
and  Orchestral  Variations  by  Dr.  Hubert  Parry. 
All  these  are  to  be  conducted  by  their  respective 
composers.  In  addition  is  promised  Glazounow's 
Symphony,  No.  4,  also  under  the  composer's 
personal  direction.  Several  other  works  by 
British  composers  new  to  these  concerts  are 
announced  to  be  given  with  their  respective  com- 
posers at  the  desk.  The  general  programme 
looks  very  commendable,  and,  of  course,  Sir 
Alexander  Mackenzie  remains  conductor  in 
chief. 

Mr.  Robert  Newman  has  forwarded  us 
advance  programmes  of  the  spring  series  of  the 
Lamoureux  Concerts  during  the  last  week  in 
March.  To  give  an  entire  synopsis  of  the  series 
would  neither  be  possible  nor  desirable.  A 
few  of  the  more  salient  features  of  the  series 
may,  however,  be  noted.  The  classical  com- 
posers are  well  represented,  and  among  pieces 
unfamiliar  to  London  are  a  '  Fantaisie  Dialogue  ' 
for  organ  and  orchestra,  by  L.  Boellmann,  a  com- 
poser whose  name  we  are  unacquainted  with,  and 
a  symphonic  poem,  '  Tamara,'  by  Balarikeff.  The 
schemes,  however,  mainly  consist  of  well-known 
works,  and  selections  by  Mozart,  Mendelssohn, 
Beethoven,  Bach,  Weber,  Schumann,  Berlioz, 
and,  of  course,  Wagner.  The  dates  and  times 
of  the  concerts  will  be  duly  noted  in  our  musical 
calendar  of  March  20th. 

We  have  received  a  revised  edition  of  the  so- 
called  Mottl  "Wagner"  Concerts,  to  be  given 
in  March,  April,  and  May  next  at  the  Queen's 
Hall.  Several  other  composers  arc  placed  side 
by  side  with  the  Bayrcuth  master,  among  them 
being  Berlioz,  Liszt,  Handel,  Gluck,  Mozart, 
Beethoven,  Weber,  Mendelssohn,  and  Smetana. 
The  concerts  cannot  fail  to  prove  ertreniely  in- 
teresting. 

PERFORMANCES   Nl'X  r    Wl'.EK. 
Bl  v       Oreheitra]  Cnncorl.  3  80,  Quern*  Hall 

—  National  Bandar  League  Concert. 'The  Redemption,' 7  Qm 

Hall 

—  Queen  •<  Hail  string  Qnartel  Conoei 

Koa      Royal  College  Studenta 1  onoei  i  8,  m  Jamea'a  Hall, 

—  Mi--  Mart.-  Motl  -  Concert,  s,  si  Tamea'a  Hail 

—  Popular  Concert,  8,  Bl  Jamc<s  ttaii. 


i  •  iiaji 

- 

'all 
- 
\\  t  U,u  i  ■'■  Mall 

—         Mr   '.  Hail 

Tina.    MI.»»-»     Olv.n    ar.d      Jlarn*    and     Mr  •     r'efcoert,    I 

llllii  I  rinawl  '■  liu«-*n«  Small  iu:i 


I 
S.i 


Mr    llrni  •  .  IU1I 

Mr  Johaan  Iwtidiai  «iie.-rt   ►  U  Mall 

Mil<-   Kikrnachuto   Hralinu  pianoforte  Keclial.  a,  Bt  Just. 
Kail 

'all    Ha»n-»Uw«  HiU 
Hall 
«rrt.  3 


•) 


M'l  (il  ;>.i 


Uu'-'-ti  n  Ha. I 
Promenade  Concert   8  Queen  .  Hall 

Mr   <    Copland  »  Concert   *,  Hl*inwaj  Halt 


Pund*  of  the  Nortli  Eaaleru  H<Kp:ial.  I 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Avknit.— '  Nelson's  Knchantrest,'  a  Hay  in  Four  Act*. 
By  Biadeo  Home. 

Gahhick. — 'My  Friend  t  lie  Prince,'  Faro  in  Three.' 
Adapted  by  Justin  Huntly  McCarthy. 

It  the  visitor  to  the  Avenue  will  dismiss 
from  his  mind  all  notion  of  the  drama,  and 
treat  the  entertainment  as  a  picture  of  life 
in  England  and  Italy  at  an  exciting  epoch 
in  our  annals,  he  may  derive  from  'Nelson's 
Enchantress '  a  certain  amount  of  pleasure. 
If  he  look  for  more  than  an  historical  pageant 
he  will  be  disappointed.  Though  called 
a  play,  '  Nelson's  Enchantress '  has  not  a 
dramatic  moment.  It  is  a  series  of  episodes, 
in  which  the  great  naval  hero  is  shown  as 
subjugated  by  the  lovely,  impressionable 
lady,  immortal  alike  through  her  beauty, 
her  conquests,  and  her  indiscretions.  Some 
objection  has  been  raised  to  the  exhibition 
of  an  attachment  such  as  existed  between 
Nelson  and  Lady  Hamilton.  So  well  known 
are  the  particulars,  however,  that  the  author 
must  be  acquitted  of  any  serious  responsi- 
bility. With  almost  as  much  reason  might 
objection  be  taken  to  the  loves  of  Helen 
and  Paris,  or  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra.  The 
charge  that  the  play  is  dull  cannot  so 
easily  be  rebutted.  The  third  act — in  which 
Nelson,  living  at  Merton  in  undisputed  pos- 
session of  his  charmer,  tells  her  that  he  is 
ordered  on  active  service,  and  supplies  the 
heroine  with  an  opportunity  for  what  is 
technically  known  as  a  "back  fall" — is  ex- 
tremely dull ;  while  the  second  act,  which 
passes  at  the  British  Embassy  at  Naples,  is 
more  than  a  little  fantastic.  As  a  whole 
the  piece  is  pleasing,  and  the  pictures  of  the 
officers  with  their  naval  uniforms  and  pigtails 
are  delightful.  Mr.  Forbes  Robertson  might 
almost  have  stepped  out  of  a  picture  of 
Nelson  so  lifelike  is  he  in  all  respects.  The 
scenes  between  him  and  his  fair  enchantress 
have  a  certain  amount  of  tenderness,  and  the 
death  of  the  hero,  depicted  in  a  vision,  is 
genuinely  touching.  It  is  useful  to  con- 
template the  picture  of  Neapolitan  or  Sicilian 
society  exhibited  in  this  piece  beside  those 
presented  in  a  period  not  far  remote  by 
Sardou  in  'La  Tosca.'  For  tableaux  still 
more  highly  coloured  one  may  turn  to  Henri 
Latouche  and  other  zealots  of  the  First 
Republic,  who  depict  the  Queen  of  Naples 
and  Lady  Hamilton  in  the  most  lurid  colours. 
The  general  performance  of  '  Nelson's  En- 
chantress '  is  good,  Mr.  Lowne  being 
specially  excellent  as  Capt.  Blackwood. 
Much  of  the  detail  of  the  work  is  amateurish, 
and  some  is  a  trifle  childish.  Other  portions 
ai-e,  however,  both  pleasing  and  touching, 
and  with  the  exorcise  of  no  very  large 
amount  of  goodwill  the  whole  may  be  seen 
with  pleasure.  Mrs.  Patrick  Campbell 
looks  well  as  the  heroine.     She  is  neither, 


aowever,  the  model  for  Romney's  pictures 
nor  the  giddy,  irresponsible  being  whom 
Nelson  loved. 

'  My  Friend  the  Prince,'  as  Mr.  Justin 
Huntly  McCarthy  has  called  his  adaptation 
of  a  farce  known  in  the  United  States  as 
My  Friend  from  India,'  is  a  neat  and 
reditable  piece  of  work.  It  is  extravagant 
and  wholly  inconceivable — qualities  to  be 
expected  in  farce ;  and  it  is  a  little  too 
boisterous,  for  which,  perhaps,  the  actors 
rather  than  the  author  may  be  regarded  as 
responsible.  It  is,  however,  written  with 
some  spirit,  brings  about  some  humorous 
complications,  and  stirs  much  laughter.  One 
other  quality  it  has.  As  in  '  The  Prisoner 
of  Zenda,'  in  which  piece  the  leading  motive 
seems  to  have  been  found,  it  has  an  under- 
lying element  of  prettiness  and  tenderness, 
and  one  scene  of  wooing  at  least  is  pleasant 
to  contemplate.  The  singing  by  Miss 
luliette  Nesville  of  a  French  song,  though 
an  excrescence  in  the  work,  was  its  most 
pleasing  feature.  '  My  Friend  the  Prince ' 
furnished  opportunity  for  some  good  acting 
on  the  part  of  Misses  Nesville,  Sibyl 
Carlisle,  and  Blanche  Massey,  and  Mr. 
Paul  Arthur ;  and  for  some  conventional 
Low-comedy  performances  by  Mr.  James 
Welch  and  Mr.  F.  Kaye.  It  introduced  to 
as  also  a  Miss  Miriam  Clements  from 
America,  in  whom  beauty  of  face  and  form 
seems  more  conspicuous  than  histrionic 
talent. 


tf°3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENilUM 


255 


My  Theatrical  and  Musical  Recollections.  By 
Emily  Soldene.  (Downey  &  Co.) — Miss  Sol- 
lene's  '  Recollections  '  have  no  motto.  With  a 
slight  alteration  we  furnish  her  with  a  passage 
"rom  '  Hamlet  '  which  is  at  once  a  motto  and  a 

criticism  :   "All  which though  I  mostpower- 

ully  and  potently  believe,  yet  I  hold  it  not 
lonesty  to  have  it  thus  set  down."  Miss 
Soldene  writes  vivaciously,  and,  in  the  main, 
iccurately,  and  the  task  of  reading  her  revela- 
ions  to  those  who  know  the  personages  and 
hings  with  which  she  deals  is  not  unpleasant. 
Her  work  is  not,  like  some  recent  revelations,  a 
nere  example  of  book  -  making.  She  has  had 
;he  good  fortune  to  know  many  of  those  whom 
-he  world  calls  smart  people,  and  many  of  those 
.vhom  the  world  calls  smart  people  have  had  the 
jvil  fortune  of  meeting  her.  One  and  all  of 
;hese  she  "gives  away."  At  the  time  when  she 
<new  them  they  belonged  to  the  jeunesse  doric. 
Now  not  a  few  of  them  are  statesmen, 
udges,  peers,  what  not.  Relentlessly  she  re- 
peals to  the  world  whatever  she  knows  in 
heir  lives.  If  they  have  loved  not  some 
'bright  particular  star,"  but  some  actress  more 
ichly  endowed  with  symmetry  than  with  talent, 
lie  fact  is  set  down.  If  the  conditions  or  the 
esults  might  justify  proceedings  in  the  courts, 
livorce  or  other,  all  is  told.  Nobody  is 
ipared,  not  even  those  in  highest  position,  and 
•vere  the  succession  in  doubt  it  is  possible  that 
;laimants  might  refer  in  vindication  of  their 
pretensions  to  her  book.  Nothing  is  sacred 
o  a  sapper  says  a  song  with  which  Miss 
Soldene  should  have  an  acquaintance.  She  is 
lot  a  sapper,  but  she  shows  a  sapper-like  con- 
empt  for  social  prejudices.  French  literature 
a  rich  in  memoirs,  the  names  in  which  are 
suggested  by  initials,  leaving  to  ingenuity  and 
onjecture  to  fill  in  the  blanks.  We  have 
>ur  own  Mrs.  Manley,  and  we  have  four  volumes 
>f  'Slate  Poems,'  in  most  copies  of  which  pos- 
essors  have  extended  names  indicated  by 
nitials.  In  the  case  of  those  who  have  reached 
>r  scrambled  into  the  purple,  or  in  that  of 
Iebrew  financiers,  Miss  Soldene  employs  a 
ittle  mystery  that,  if  it  were  only  inspissated, 


might  prove  piquant.  Of  Astrea,  otherwise 
Mrs.  Behn,  Pope  says  that  she 

fairly  puts  all  characters  to  bed. 

This  charge  cannot  be  brought  against  our 
latest  chronicler,  but  she  leaves  her  readers 
in  some  instances  in  no  doubt  as  to  her 
meaning.  At  any  rate,  she  mentions  by  name 
the  people  who  went  behind  the  scenes  of  the 
theatre  at  which  she  acted.  This  could  only  be 
done  after  society  journalism  has  taken  privacy 
and  reticence  out  of  our  lives.  Miss  Soldene 
is  not  a  Brantome  nor  a  Tallemant  des  Reaux, 
but  her  indiscretions  are  at  least  amusing.  She 
ventures  on  French  now  and  then,  and  tells  us  of 
"Francois  premiere  "  and  "Molier,"  and  speaks 
of  herself  as  a  "Mascot."  Little  eccentricities  of 
grammar  such  as  these  may  be  overlooked.  We 
are,  however,  aghast  when  we  learn  from  her 
professional  observation  concerning  a  gallant 
soldier,  African  traveller,  and  Orientalist,  "  tall, 
dark,  bronzed,  masterful,  and  much  addicted 
to  long  conversations  with  ladies  of  the  ballet," 
that  he  was  ' '  artistically  made  up  ;  the 
cheeks  rouged  a  little,  and  the  eyes  indian- 
inked  a  lot." 

Deacon  Brodie ;  or,  the  Double  Life.  By 
W.  E.  Henley  and  R.  L.  Stevenson.  (Heine- 
mann.) — From  thecon  junction  of  two  such  writers 
as  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  and  Mr.  W.  E. 
Henley  a  good  play  might  well  have  been  ex- 
pected. It  was  not  obtained.  Pleasant  enough 
and  greatly  to  be  commended  as  literature  is  the 
work  they  have  produced.  It  has,  moreover, 
some  conspicuous  dramatic  qualities,  but  it  is 
not  a  good  drama.  This  was  felt  when,  on 
July  2nd,  1884,  at  the  Prince's  Theatre,  the 
piece  was  put  on  the  English  stage,  and  the 
impression  is  confirmed  by  a  reperusal.  English 
managers  were  censured  for  want  of  enterprise 
and  insight  in  letting  pass  the  opportunity  of 
seizing  on  a  play  of  this  calibre.  Not  blind  to 
their  interests  are  English  managers,  nor  yet 
wholly  incapable  in  judgment.  They  were  right 
to  pass  over  a  work  which,  with  all  its  conspicu- 
ous merits  of  characterization  and  colour,  de- 
feats at  every  point  the  sympathy  which  is  the 
one  vitalizing  and  indispensable  thing  in  drama. 
'  Deacon  Brodie  '  will  never  obtain  on  the  stage 
more  than  a  succes  d'estime.  As  a  book  it  is 
welcome,  and  worthy  of  the  reputation  of  its 
joint  authors. 

Three  ladies  have  combined  to  produce 
Brownie  (Dent  &  Co.).  Miss  Alice  Sargent  has 
written  the  little  drama,  and  considerately 
given  directions  for  the  preparation  of  its 
scenery.  The  music  is  by  Miss  (?)  Lilian 
MacKenzie  and  the  illustrations  by  Miss  Alice 
Woodward.  We  confess  to  liking  the  illus- 
trations best.  The  cover  of  the  book  is  espe- 
cially pretty  and  ingeniously  arranged.  The 
drama  is  weak,  and  this  is  a  specimen  of  the 
versification  : — 

Come  let  us  all  obeisant 

Pay  homage  to  the  fair 
Stars  in  their  courses  pleasant 

Dance,  so  the  wise  declare. 
Then  ringing,  singing  spheres 

We  '11  join  thy  [*ie]  harmony, 
Listening  with  wond  'ring  ears 

To  such  glad  melody. 


THE    ELIZABETHAN    DRAMA. 

English  Historical  Plays.  Arranged  for 
Acting  as  well  as  for  Reading  by  Thomas 
Donovan.  2  vols.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) — A  col- 
lection of  the  plays  of  the  Elizabethan  age,  based 
more  or  less  solidly  on  English  history,  would 
doubtless  make  an  interesting  volume  or 
volumes,  and  would  stimulate  the  study  of  that 
history  itself.  Many  a  one  besides  Mr.  Pepys 
('  Diary,'  October  23rd,  10f>7)  has  been  induced 
by  an  historical  play  to  turn  to  the  "  true 
story";  but  therein  lies  the  gist  of  the  matter  : 
it  was  the  stage  that  moved  Mr.  Pepys  to  con- 
sult the  chronicle,  and  it  is  the  stage,  in  Mr. 
Donovan's  opinion,  that  is  the  only,  or  at  any 
rate  the  best  way  of  overcoming  the  initial  diffi- 
culty of  attracting  attention  to  the  plays  them- 


selves. Unfortunately,  however,  it  is  impossible 
to  bring  the  methods  of  Elizabethan  and  Vic- 
torian managers  into  line.  Modern  managers 
neither  will  nor  can  adapt  their  scenes  to  the 
requirements  of  the  ancient  drama  ;  obviously, 
therefore,  the  only  way  to  bring  the  two  to- 
gether is  to  adapt  the  ancient  drama  to  the 
requirements  of  the  modern  manager.  To  effect 
this  it  has  seemed  necessary  to  Mr.  Donovan  to 
divide,  conjoin,  transpose,  or  suppress  acts  and 
scenes  ;  to  redistribute,  cut  down,  and  suppress 
much  of  the  dialogue  ;  and  in  a  general  way  to 
clear  out  much  of  the  comedy  and  romance  with 
which  our  old  dramatists  lightened — or,  as  Mr. 
Donovan  probably  considers,  weighted — their 
historical  labours.  He  has  done  his  work  with 
admirable  courage,  and,  we  willingly  admit, 
with  considerable  intelligence,  but  with  a  result 
which  to  lovers  of  the  drama  as  literature  is 
simply  appalling.  The  historical  period  repre- 
sented by  the  plays  in  these  volumes  commences 
with  the  reign  of  King  John  and  ends  with  that 
of  Henry  VIII.  Shakspeare's  series  is,  of  course, 
included,  and  the  gaps — with  one  exception — 
left  by  him  in  the  continuity  of  history  are  filled 
up  with  plays  by  Peele,  Marlowe,  Heywood, 
and  Ford.  The  one  exception  is  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.;  for  this  long  reign  Mr.  Donovan 
has  found  no  play  suited  to  his  purpose.  We 
commend  his  volumes  to  managers  ;  we  cannot 
to  our  readers. 

Medicine  and  Kindred  Arts  in  the  Plays  of 
Shakespeare.  By  Dr.  John  Moyes.  (Glasgow, 
MacLehose  &  Sons.) — The  late  Dr.  Moyes  pre- 
sented his  thesis  on  this  subject  for  the  Doc- 
torate of  Medicine  to  Glasgow  University  in 
1886  ;  he  afterwards  worked  on  it  with  a  view 
to  publication,  but  left  it  incomplete  ;  his  friend 
Dr.  James  Finlayson  has  revised  and  prepared 
the  work  for  press.  In  the  little  book  which 
is  the  result  of  this  co-operation  we  have  what 
we  guess  to  be  a  fairly  complete  collection  of 
such  passages  in  the  plays  as  refer  to  disease 
and  death.  The  comment  which  accompanies 
them  is  for  the  most  part  but  meagre,  nor  does 
it  often,  we  think,  afford  much  illustration  of 
the  passages  quoted  or  of  the  pathology  of  the 
time.  Under  these  circumstances  the  utility  of 
this  publication  seems  rather  doubtful,  and  we 
are  quite  sure  we  do  not  like  it ;  we  lack  the 
professional  enthusiasm  needful  for  its  enjoy- 
ment. 

New  editions  (or  perhaps  we  should  rather 
say  reprints)  of  Shakspeare's  works  continue 
to  pour  in  upon  us.  We  have  received  from 
Messrs.  Warne  &  Co.  two  single-volume  edi- 
tions, the  one  called  the  "  Universal,"  the  other 
the  "  Victorian  "  edition.  —  Messrs.  Bliss,  Sands 
&  Co.  also  send  us  a  single-volume  edition 
called  the  "Falstaff" — a  portly  volume  con- 
formable to  its  name,  a  clear  and  well-printed 
book.  Its  title-page,  however,  is  scarcely 
worthy  of  its  general  excellence. 

From  Messrs.  George  Newnes  we  have  re- 
ceived a  handy,  well-printed  twelve-volume 
edition,  called  the  Stratford-on- Avon  Shakespeare 
on  the  paper  wrappers  accompanying  each 
volume,  though  we  do  not  find  that  title  in  the 
volumes  themselves. 

Messrs.  Routledge  &  Sons  have  sent  us  two 
tiny  volumes,  The  Tempest  and  Much  Ado 
about  Nothing,  with  illustrations  reproduced,  of 
course  on  a  very  small  scale,  from  the  once 
popular  designs  in  outline  of  Frank  Howard, 
first  published  more  than  sixty  years  ago.  We 
would  fain  welcome  them,  if  only  in  remem- 
brance of  the  pleasure  they  afforded  us  in  our 
youth  ;  but  we  fear  their  day  is  hopelessly  past. 

The  Whitehall  Shakespeare  (Constable  &  Co.), 
to  bo  completed  in  twelve  volumes,  the  first  two 
of  which  were  issued  in  1803,  makes  slow  progress, 
but  has  now  reached  its  seventh  volume.  As 
an  excellent  example  of  the  Cliiswick  Press  we 
have  already  commended  this  edition. 

Messrs.  Dent  &  Co.,  having  completed  their 
highly  popular  "Temple"  edition  of  Shakspeare's 


256 


Til  E     ATHENJEUM 


N*3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


works,  lii\ .•  now  oommenoed  their  projected 
series  of  "Temple  Dramatists, "  selected  pltyi 
from  the  irorka  "f  Shakapaare'a  oonteniponuriea, 
prodnoed  in  style  and  dm  aimilai  to  that  <>f  tho 
"Temple  Shakespeare."  Wt  haTC  reoeived  tho 
first  nnmbez  <>f  this  series,  Webster's  famous 

pky     of      Thr     DuduM     of     Mulfi,     edited     hy 

Prof.  C.  Vangban,  and  with  a  good  and  suf- 
ficient introduction,  glossary,  and  notes.  The 
series,  if  all  up  to  this  mark,  should  ho  as 
popular  as  convenient.  It  is,  however,  only 
fair  to  protest  against  the  scrabble,  called  an 
etching,  which,  under  the  pretence  of  a  frontis- 
piece, disfigures  the  volume  :  too  many  of  the 
volumes  of  the  "Temple  Shakespeare  "  itself 
were  thus  disgraced.  Unless  something  better 
than  this  can  be  produced,  it  would  be  well  to 
suppress  "  frontispieces  "  altogether. 


$ramatu:  (gossip. 

Owing  to  the  indisposition  of  Miss  Terry  the 
production  at  the  Lyceum  of  '  Madame  Sans- 
Gene  '  has  been  deferred.  On  the  27th,  the  day 
fixed  for  its  performance,  Sir  Henry  Irving, 
now  happily  recovered  from  the  consequences 
of  his  accident,  will  reappear  as  Richard  III. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Henry  West  Betty,  the  son 
of  the  Infant  Roscius,  has  taken  place  in  his 
seventy-eighth  year.  Mr.  Betty  was  for  a  few 
years  an  actor,  and  made  his  debut  in  London  at 
Covent  Garden,  December  28th,  1844.  In  1852 
he  was  at  Drury  Lane,  playing  George  Harris 
in  'Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.'  Shortly  afterwards 
he  retired  from  the  stage,  but  took  to  the  last 
a  keen  interest  in  theatrical  charities,  which 
benefit  considerably  by  his  death.  Among  the 
parts  in  which  he  was  seen  in  London  or  the 
country  were  Hamlet,  Shylock,  Macbeth, 
Othello,  Richard  III.,  Sir  Giles  Overreach,  and 
Claude  Melnotte. 

1  Rosemary  '  was  revived  on  Saturday  last 
at  the  Criterion,  with  Mr.  Wyndham,  Mr.  Bishop, 
Mr.  Barnes,  Miss  Mary  Moore,  and  Miss  Car- 
lotta  Addison  in  their  original  parts.  As  Pris- 
cilla  Miss  Annie  Hughes  was  replaced  by  Miss 
M.  Jocelyn,  who,  to  her  credit  be  it  said,  left 
no  sense  of  shortcoming ;  while  Mr.  A.  E. 
George  succeeded  to  the  part  of  George  Minifie 
vacated  by  Mr.  Welch. 

As  the  opening  piece  at  the  Garrick  '  The 
Man  in  the  Street '  of  Mr.  Louis  N.  Parker  has 
been  revived,  with  Mr.  James  Welch  in  his 
original  character  of  Jabez  Gover. 

1  The  Physician  '  is  the  title  of  a  play  by 
Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones,  which  will  be  the 
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Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards  George  IV.,  who  is 
at  the  time  of  the  action  in  his  twenty-fourth 
year.  He  can  scarcely  at  that  time  have  won 
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"  If  you  sit  up  late  to  finish  a  book, 
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sumption that  your  book  was  a  sensational 
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GEORGE  REDWAY,  Hart-street,  Bloomsburr. 


0 3617,  Feb.  20,  '97     THE     ATHENAEUM 257 


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JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarlc-strcct. 


258 


T  II  E     A  T  II  EN  -KI'  M 


X  3617,  Feb.  20 


DAVID      NUTT, 

270-271,  STRAND. 

JUST  OUT. 
THI  SECOND  and  OONCLUDING  VOLUME  01 

The  NIGHT  of  the  GODS.    An 

Inquiry  into  Cosmic  and  Gosmogonic 
Mythology  and  Symbolism.  By  JOHN 
O'NEILL.     Comprising  pp.  583.1038  of 

the  Inquiry,  an  Index  (to  both  Volumes) 

of    .*W   double-columned   pages,   and    a 

Memoir  of  the  Author.      Profusely  illus- 

tratt-d.     Tlie  price  of  the  Two  Volumes 

is  21.  12s.  Gd.  net. 

*„*  As  only  a  very  small  number  of  copies   of 

Vol.  II.  have  been  printed,  the  complete  work  must 

shortly  become  scarce.     It  forms  undoubtedly  one 

of  the  most  remarkable  collections  of  facts  relating 

to   early  mythological  speculation  and  symbolism 

ever  brought  together. 

The  ELEMENTS  of  HEBREW 

GRAMMAR.  With  Exercises.  By 
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Master  at  the  Jews  Free  School.  Cloth, 
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GLENNIE.     2  vols,  medium  8vo.  cloth, 

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%*  In  this  work  will  be  found,  inter  alia,  many 

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Glennie's   Introduction    and   Appendices    aim    at 

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and  throughout  the  area  of  Hellenic  culture. 

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Crown  8vo.  3s.  6rf.  [Next  week. 


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ON  THE  TRAIL  OF  DON  QUIXOTE : 

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By  A.  F.  JACCACI. 
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LAWRENCE  &  BULLEN,  Ltd., 
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M.«    IDITIOM    v  '">«•■ 

/  IBLB8  NAL     M'>'i  ions      a    Handy    I 

I  PIMM      li;    «      I     I 

I.   \    1    It   \  - 
"BM    "'•  »'••  K'ad  <"  »e«\  rrarhrd  a  mnlh  edition    Which   <-riai,l«-« 
taction   to  lb.  Ia<l.  ill  a.trunouiy  to   oe  brought  uu 
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I  Stanford,  M  tad  17  OodHpUHHiel  <  baring  Croat,  s  W. 

i  :  i  i  ii  i  iii  i  una  "<«. 

REMARKABLE    COME!  Brief  Smvey  of 

the  mod  Interesting  1  »■  t»  in  u  ■  metarr  Astronomy 

Jly  W     I     LI  MM     II  •    1    It  AS 

Bdward  sunlorJ,  M  and  27,  Cock  spur  street,  Charing  Crot- 


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RIBF      LB8BOK  N'OMY 

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riforttiauoD  without  being  in  anyway  dry 

. 

firman    3V,  Vt  ai» 


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'  nee  Hltneaea. 

REMARKABLE   ECLIPSES:    a   Bin 
rniikt  interesting  Clrcumetaacea  owinert*-:  - 
hi  Holaraad  Lunar  h<   i|.».-.   both  In  Ancient  and  Modem  Tub**     1 
W.  T.  LV.S.V  I!  A    F.l  ' 

Edward  Stanford,  M  and  27,  Cock»pur-.treet  Charing  Crou,  8  V. 


Published  at  71.  It.,  ami  as  the  stock  got  low  the  price  was  raised  to  10/.  10*. 
Now  offered  for  3/.  Zt.  cash. 

THE    ROYAL    HOUSE    OF    STUART.      | 

SKELTON  S  SUPERBLY  ILLUSTRATED 

HISTORY  OF  THE  ROYAL  HOUSE  OF  STUART. 

A  Series  of  40  Plates  in  Colours  by  W.  Glim. 

With  Descriptive  Notes  and  Introduction  by  JOHN  SKELTON  and  ST.  JOHN  HOPE. 

Folio,  40  fine  Colour- Prints  of  the  Stuart  Regalia  in  Scotland  and  England, 
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(Macmillan,  1890.) 
This  was  the  forerunner  of  Skelton's  '  Mary  Stuart,  Queen  of  Scots.'    A  special  Prospectus  will  bt 
sent  on  demand. 

An  extra  set  of  the  40  Colour-Prints  may  be  bad  separately,  for  framing  or  illustrating,  for  1/.  11*.  W. 
BERNARD  QUARITCH,  15,  Piccadilly,  London. 

SIR  GEORGE  TRYON'S  LIFE. 

NOTICE  TO  THE  TRADE.— The  FIRST  EDI- 
TION of  '  The  LIFE  of  VICE  -  ADMIRAL 
SIR  GEORGE  TRYON,  K.C.B.;  by  Rear- 
Admiral  C.  G.  PENROSE  FITZGERALD, 
having  been  exhausted,  a  SECOND  EDITION 
is  in  preparation,  which  will  be  ready  on  Wed- 
nesday, 24th  inst. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  &  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


BEATRICE  HARRADEN'S  NEW  BOOK. 

NOTICE  TO  THE  TRADE.— On  Saturday,  27tl\ 
inst,  will  be  published,  '  HILDA  STRAFFORL 
and  The  REMITTANCE  MAN;  Two  Call 
fornian  Stories,  by  BEATRICE  HARRADEN 
Author  of  '  Ships  that  Pass  in  the  Night;  '  In 
Varying  Moods;  &c.     Crown  8vo.  price  3s.  Gd. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  k  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 

NOTICE. 


NOTES     AND      QUERIES. 

The  VOLUME,    JULY   to   DECEMBER,    1896, 

With  the  Index,  price  10s.  M.,  IS  NOW  READY. 
*„*  The  Index  separately,  price  6d. ;  by  post,  6J<f.     Also  Cases  for  Binding,  price  It. ;  by  post,  li.  3^. 


Published  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  Bream's -buildings,  Chancery-lane,  B.C. 


°  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


259 


OHATTO  &  WINDUS^NEW  BOOKS. 

'he  New  Romantic  Novel,  SEBASTIANI'S  SECRET,  written  and  illustrated  by  S.  E. 
WALLER,  is  now  ready.      Crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top,  6s. 


Cheap  Popular  Edition  o/PHIL  MAY'S  SKETCH-BOOK  (5h  Humorous  Pictures) 
is  now  ready.     Crown  folio,  cloth,  2s.  6d.        ] 


New  and  Cheaper  Edition  of  CLARK  RUSSELL'S  Novel,  The  TALE  of  the  TEN, 
is  now  ready,  with  12  fine  Illustrations  by  G.  Montbard.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d 

"There  seems  no  limit  to  the  capacity  of  Clark  Russell  to  produce  stirring  stories  of  the  sea.     He  has  so  long  and  so 

oi„  ™™™?™H  ™1thmhe  illimitable  ocean  that  he  has  acquired  something  of  its  power  and  its  infinite  variety.     His 

osely  communed  wth i  the  I'^'taDle  °£a£ alsD"  thirlg  he  has  yet  written,  which  is  high  praise.     It  is  better  than  some, 

test  story,  "The  Tale  of  the  Ten    ib  as 8°^  as  anytning  j  Baronite  found  it  difficult  to  lay  the  book  down  till 

lfiOTiS .Ten T  Little  Niggers  of  earlier  fame,  the  rogues  drop  off  one  by  one.  'and  then  there  were  only  just 
ioulh  to  send  to  Norfolk IslandL  The  story,  skilfully  constructed,  graphically  told  is  adorned  with  some  of  those 
?a  "villous  descriptions  o?  the  many  moods  of  the  sea  in  which  Clark  Russell  is  unapproachable.  •-Punch. 


MISSING  WITNESS.    By  Frank  Barrett,  Author  of  '  The  Woman  with 

the  Iron  Bracelets  '    With  8  Illustrations  by  W.  H.  Margetson.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d. 
"isimX  but  effective  story  of  love  and  crime.    The  history  of  the  struggles  of  the  three  young  dressmakers  is 
escribed with  wonderful  spirit  and  convincingness,  and  the  ■  little  mother '  of  the  volume  is  a  delightful  stud^  ^^ 


SECOND  EDITION  NOW  READY.  ( 

In  ANXIOUS  MOMENT.    By  Mrs.  Hungerford,  Author  of    Molly  Bawn. 

Second  Edition.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d.  ,  .  ..  .     .     ..  „     .  „iM„,_- 

Ttems  with  the  same  delightful  qualities  that  have  won  for  her  previous  volumes  the  warm  admiration  of  pleasure- 

l'"gThTbeauty1fndngraceealndrspirit  of  the  daughters  of  the  ancient  Anglo-Irish  families  is  proverbial  the  world  over,  but 
o  one  ever  drew  these? women  like  Mrs.  Hungerford.     One  might  almost  think  that  she  partly  gave  them  this  reputation 

Mrs.  Hungerford  makes  you  see  and 
iho  as  girls  kick  so  against 
eness,  are  so  high-spirited, 
o  eenerousT  so  witty.  7o"gay;  capabTe  of  such  tenderness  when  the  process  of  the  taming  of  the  shrew  is  finished,  that  one 
eads  of  them  all  with  the  old  zest  created  by  Molly  Bawn."—  Queen,  in  notice  of  Mrs.  Hungerford  s  life. 


4     New   Edition   of  APRIL'S   LADY,    by   Mrs.    HUNGERFORD,    will   be   ready   on 
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BEYOND  the  PALE :  an  Irish  Romance.    By  B.  M.  Croker,  Author  of '  Diana 

Barrington.'    Crown  8vo.  buckram,  6s.  . 

'  Amusing  books  have  come  from  Mrs.  Croker's  pen,  but  her  last,  '  Beyond  the  Pale,    is  about,  if  not  quite,  her  best. 


nost  jaded  novel-reader,  and  we  are  ready  to  welcome  gladly  more  such  romances  from  Mrs.  Croker  s  pen.  —Morning. 

"The  Irish  people,  from  peasant  to  patrician,  in  the  story  are  all  natural  and  fresh— which  is  as  much  as  to  say  that 
,he  book  is  charming It  will  both  please  its  readers  and  add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author."— Scotsman. 

"  The  novel  is  full  of  movement  and  vivacity It  is  written  in  high  spirits  and  has  plenty  of  story— love  story.     We 

Tiay  safely  predict  for  it  a  success  at  the  circulating  libraries,  and  it  is  sure  to  be  read  from  cover  to  cover  once  it  has  been 
>pened."— Pall  Mall  Gazette.  " 

"  This  is  a  brisk,  lively  story  of  Irish  life,  as  full  of  hunting  and  steeplechasing  as  any  of  Lever  s  novels,  not  lacking 
in  touches  of  native  humour.  Mrs.  Croker's  skill  in  her  own  line  of  fiction  is  well  known,  but  we  question  whether  she 
iias  ever  given  us  any  more  attractive  figure  than  the  slender  high-spirited  girl,  the  last  of  the  O'Biernes."— Glasgow  Herald. 

"A  striking  and  entertaining  romance— a  finely  conceived  and  firmly  executed  story.  'Beyond  the  Pale'  may  be 
styled  superb." — Morning  Leader. 


JARROLD    &    SONS'    LIST. 


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"  Mr.  Westall  has  produced  a  very  creditable  specimen  of  the  historical  romance  after  the  style  of  Mr.  Stanley  Weyman. 

Mr.  WesUll  has  studied  his  history  with  care,  and  clearly  has  the  advantage  of  personal  knowledge  of  the  picturesque 

•  in  which  the  scene  of  his  story  is  laid.     He  produces  for  us  a  vivid  picture  of  the  successive  battles."— Speaker. 
"  The  environments  of  period  and  of  place  are  instinct  with  a  fascination  that  loses  nought  in  Mr.  Westall's  skilled 

hands The  story is  marked  by  an  originality  and  a  dash  that  hold   you  like  a  spell  from  first  to  last.      The  novel  is 

fresh,  vigorous,  and  altogether  delightful."—  Black  and  White. 

MADAME  SANS-GENE.    (Founded  on  Sardou's  Play.)    By  Edmond  Lepelle- 

I IKR.     Translated  by  JOHN  DE  VILLIERS.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6rf. 

The  NARRATIVE  of  CAPTAIN   COIGNET,  Soldier  of  the  Empire,  1776- 

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richer  fund  of  entertainment  than  the  mere  glory  of  romance.     The  actors  in  their  habit  as  they  lived  play  out  their  parts 

before  us All  these  matters,  and  a  thousand  more  equally  terrible,  and  related  with  equal  vividness,  we  find  in  the  pages 

of  this  incomparable  French  narrative." — Morning  Leader. 

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a  very  accomplished  artist  could  have  done  this." — Speaker. 


MAURUS  JOKAI' S  NEW  NOVEL. 
The   GREEN    BOOK;   or,   Freedom 

under  the  Snow.  By  Dr.  MAURUS  JOKAI. 
Translated  byMrs.WAUGH  (ELLIS  WRIGHT). 
With  Engraved  Portrait  of  Dr.  Jokai  (Author- 
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First,  Second,  and  Third  Editions  exhausted. 
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too  much  to  say  that  it  is  brilliantly  drawn  and  vividly  pre- 
sented. From  every  point  of  view  '  The  Green  Book '  is  a 
book  to  be  read.  It  is  an  interesting  and  knowledgable  narra- 
tive of  a  puzzling  political  period,  and  it  is  a  work  of  fine  art." 

Mr.  Courtney  says  in  the  Daily  Telegraph :— "  It  is  truly 
an  astonishing  book  this  latest  novel,  dealing  with  the  early 
years  of  the  present  century,  and  with  that  world  of  inar- 
ticulate romance — the  empire  of  all  the  Russias.  In  force  and 
fire  and  prodigal  variety  he  reminds  one  of  the  elder  Dumas." 

BY   MAURUS    JOKAI. 

(Uniform  with  the  above.) 

BLACK    DIAMONDS.     By    Maurus 

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we  never   feel   tempted  to  leave  any  of  its  pages  unread. 

There  are  some  extremely  fine  descriptive  passages  in  the 

book Maurus  Jdkai  is  absolutely  original  in  thought  and 

treatment."—  Daily  Chronicle. 

OTHER    POPULAR    WORKS  BY 
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THROAT   IRRITATION   and  COUGH.— EPPS'S 


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T  II  E     A  T  II  EN  .!■:  r  M 


N  3617,  Feb.  20,  '97 


MESSRS.  CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  LTD., 

WHO  ARE  THE  OWNERS  OF  THE  COPYRIGHTS  OF  THE  WORKS  OF  CHARLES  DICKENS  AND  THOMAS  CARLYLE. 
ARE  THE  ONLY  PUBLISHERS  WHO  CAN  ISSUE  COMPLETE  EDITIONS  OF  THEIR  WRITINGS. 


NEW  EDITIONS  OF  DICKENS  AND  CARLYLE. 

FULL    DESCRIPTIVE    PROSPECTUSES  OS    APPLICATION. 


"  Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  might  fairly  claim  the  publishers*  Victoria  Cross,  if  such  a  thing  there  were. 
They  have  had  the  rare  courage  to  living  out  almost  at  the  same  moment  two  large  and  costly  ventures.  11'. 
have  already  spoken  of  their  admirable  Carlyle,  and  to-day  ire  have  to  speak  of  their  equally  admirable  Dicken 

Guakdia- 


THE    GADSHILL    EDITION 

OF 

CHARLES  DICKENS'S  WORKS. 

Edited  by  ANDREW  LANG. 

In  32  Volumes,  square  crown  8vo.  price  6s.  each  Volume. 

In  issuing  the  GADSHILL  EDITION  of  the  works  of  CHARLES 
DICKENS,  Messrs.  CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  who  are  the  owners  of  the  copy- 
right, and  therefore  are  alone  able  to  publish  an  entire  edition  of  his  works, 
are  making  this,  the  Gadshill  Edition,  the  most  complete  that  has  ever  been 
published. 

MR.  ANDREW  LANG  has  undertaken  to  write  an  Introduction  to  each 
work ;  also  Notes  to  each  volume.  A  General  Essay  on  Dickens's  works,  by 
Mr.  Lang,  will  appear  in  one  of  the  later  volumes. 

In  this  edition  will  be  included  •  SKKTCHES  of  YOUNG  COUPLES  and 
YOUNG  GENTLEMEN,'  'SUNDAY  under  THREE  HEADS,'  and  'The 
MUDFOG  PAPERS,'  hitherto  not  issued  in  any  existing  uniform  edition 
of  Dickens's  works.  'MASTER  HUMPHREY'S  CLOCK'  will  be  issued 
in  the  form  in  which  it  was  originally  published — viz.,  with  '  The  OLD 
CURIOSITY  SHOP 'and  ' BARNA8Y  RUDGE.' 

All  the  original  plates  of  Cruikshank,  Seymour,  and  Hablot  Browne,  &c, 
will  be  given,  chiefly  from  unused  duplicate  plates  in  very  fine  condition  in 
the  possession  of  the  publishers.  In  some  of  the  later  works,  where  the 
artists  are  not  so  closely  connected  in  public  estimation  with  the  author,  new 
illustrations  will  be  employed  by  the  best  available  artists  of  the  day. 


The  PICKWICK  PAPERS.    Two  Volumes,  with 

43  Illustrations  by  Seymour  and  Phiz.  [Heady. 

The  ADVENTURES  of  OLIVER  TWIST.    One 


Volume,  with  24  Illustrations  by  Cruikshank. 


[  Heady. 


To  be  followed  by — 

The  LIFE  and  ADVENTURES  of  NICHOLAS 

NICKLEBY.    Two  Volumes,  with  39  Illustrations  by  Phiz,  and  Portrait 
of  Charles  Dickens  by  Maclise,  engraved  by  Finden. 


SOME  PRESS  OPINIONS. 

The  ATHENJEUM  says  : — '•  The  type  is  excellent,  the  paper  good,  the  illustrations  are 

the  original  ones.     Mr.  Lang's  introduction  is  piquant  and  shrewd Altogether  in  these 

two  volumes  this  new  edition  has  made  an  excellent,  start." 

The  PALL  MALL  GAZETTE  says  :—'•  The  type  of  it.  is  bold  and  untrying  to  the 
eyes,  the  binding  is  a  fine-grained  crimson  cloth,  and  the  plates  are  reproductions  of  those 
of  the  original  edition  in  their  most  perfect  stale." 

The  SCOTSMAN  says  : — "There  have  been  many  editions  of  Dickens,  but  in  respect 
of  paper  and  print  this  one  can  challenge  comparison  with  them  nil." 

The  SHEFFIELD  TELEGRAPH  says  :-"  Superb  '  Gadshill  Edition." A  handsome 

6carlet  binding  and  exquisitely  clear  print  on  line  paper  are  minor  charms  compared  wilh 

the  illustrations,  which  are  from   the  original  etchings  and  woodcuts The  two  volumes 

ol  '  Pickwick  '  offer  the  must  brilliant  evidence  of  the  success  ol  the  publishers  " 

The  GLOfiEi&yi  ; — "  The  type  used  is  large  and  clear,  the  paper  is  good,  the  text  is  the 
latest,  authorized  by  Dickens,  and  all  the  original  illustrations  are  to  be  reproduced.  Alto- 
gether, it  is  an  edition  to  be  desired." 

The  GUARDIAN  says:— "The  'Gadshill  Edition'  is  all  that  the  lover  of  Tickens  can 

desire.     It  will   be  more  complete  than  any  that  have  appeared It  is  handsome  in  form, 

easy  to  hold,  and  pleasant  to  read.  The  utmost  pains  have  been  taken  to  restore  the  illustra- 
tions to  their  original  freshness,  and,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  Brat  two  volumes,  these 

pains  have  had  the  success  they  deserved Mr.  Andrew  Lang  promises  an  introduction  to 

each  work.     No  one  is  so  well  lilted  for  the  work  as  Mr.  Lang." 

The  MORNING  POST  says  :— "  Mr.  Lang  lias  done  all  it  was  possible  to  do.  and  done 
it  well The  edition  is  printed  in  large  and  clear  type,  on  excellent  paper,  and  is  hand- 
somely bound  in  red." 

The  LEEDS  MERCURY  says:— "The  '  Gadshill  Edition'  can  scarcely  fail  to  win  a 
wide  and  rapid  welcome." 


THE    CENTENARY    EDITION 

OF 

THOMAS    CARLYLE'S    WORKS. 

Edited  by  H.  D.  TRAILL. 

In  30  Volumes,  square  crown  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each  Volume. 

The  CENTENARY  EDITION,  now  being  brought  out,  is  under  th« 
supervision  of  Mr.  H.  D.  TRAILL,  D.C.L  ,  who  contributes  a  general  Intro- 
duction to  the  First  Volume,  and  a  short  Preface  to  each  succeeding  Work. 

With  a  view  of  making  the  CENTENARY  EDITION  as  complete  ai 
possible,  the  Publishers  intend  to  add  ar.otber  Volume  to  the  already  well- 
known  works,  compiising  some  Essays  and  Minor  Writings  never  before  pub- 
lished in  a  collected  lorm. 

The  CENTENARY  EDITION  is  being  printed  from  the  text  of  the 
last  Edition,  collated  and  arranged  by  Carlyle  himself. 

The  Illustrations  will  consist  mainly  of  Portraits,  which,  including  some 
of  THOMAS  CARLYLE,  have  never  appeared  in  any  existing  Edition. 

Maps  and  Plans  will  ako  be  given. 

V  A  LIMITED  AND  NUMBERED    EDITION    13  PRINTED  FROM  THE 

SAME  TYPE  ON  LARGER  PAPER,  WITH  EXTRA 

ILLUSTRATIONS,  10s.  6d.  NET  EACH.     300  ONLY  PRINTED. 

SARTOR  RESARTUS.    With  a  Steel  Portrait  of 


Carlyle  by  Samuel  Lawrence,  engraved  by  Armitage. 


[Heady. 


The  FRENCH  REVOLUTION:    a  History. 

3  vols.  With  Photogravure  Portraits  of  Louis  XIV.,  Mirabeaa, 
Lafayette,  Marie  Antoinette,  Necker,  Madame  Roland,  Danton,  Char- 
lotte Cordav,  Robespierre.  [Heady. 

ON    HEROES,    HERO    WORSHIP,  and  the 

HEROIC  in  HISTORY.  With  3  Photogravure  Portraits  of  Shakespeare, 
Rousseau,  and  Napoleon.  [Heady. 

To  be  followed  by 

OLIVER    CROMWELL'S    LETTERS    and 


SPEECHES. 


Other  Volumes  at  regular  intervals. 


SOME   OPINIONS  OF  THE  PRESS 

The  STANDARD  says  :—  "The  notes  are  pithy,  scholarly,  exact." 

The  GUARDIAN  says  : — "In  appearance  and*  editing  it  is  all  that  the  most  fastidioai 

reader  can  desire,  \\  bile  in  point  of  price  it   is  remarkably  cheap Mr.  Traill  contribute*  a 

general  introduction We  know  ot  no  estimate  of  Carlyle's  position  in  literature  at  once  so 

brief  and  so  convincing  as  we  have  here." 

The  BRADFORD  OBSERVER  says:— "The  form  of  them  is  dignified  and  comely, 
and  every  detail  has  been  arranged  with  marked  taste  and  discretion." 

The  SCOTSMAN  savs  :— "  A  better  edition  the  reader  of  Carlyle  could  not  desire." 

The  PALL  MALL  GAZETTE  says  :— "  In  the  matter  of  printing,  paper,  and  bindlrg 
nothing  is  left  to  be  desired,  while  to  add  to  the  value  of  the  production  there  is  an  admirable 
critical  introduction  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  II.  D.  Traill.  It  is  a  handsome  edition  for  all  ill 
cheapness." 

The  HOME  NEWS  says  :  —"At  the  popular  price  at  w  hlch  it  is  to  be  sold  it  is  a  marvel. 
The  Centenary  Edition  will  be  a  real  boon." 

The  NATIONAL  OBSER1  ER  says:— "Bids  fair  to  be  the  standard  edition.  It  ii 
printed  on  light,  thick  paper,  in  readable  type  which  will  not  easily  weary  the  eyes  Mr. 
Traill  contributes  a  brillliant  introduction,  which,  besides  being  the  latest  word  spoken  on 
Oarlyle,  is  also  the  most  daring  and  incisive." 

The  DAILY  NEWS  savs  —"A  series  of  handsome  octavo  volumes." 

The  WOULD  says:— •■  In  outward  aspect  the  present  volume  promises  that  the  series 
will  be  worthy  of  the  reputation  of  Carlyle,  which  is  now  assured.  Mr.  Traill,  too,  has  doM 
his  work  well.  He  has  resisted  the  temptation  to  add  much  to  the  Carlvliana  with  which 
we  have  been  deluged,  but  writes  with  insight  upon  the  autobiographical  elements  In 
'  Sartor,'  as  well  as  upon  the  vexed  question  of  us  author's  st\ 

The  LITERARY  WORLD  says :— '*  The  series  is  one  that  would  decorate  any  library, 
handsome  and  substantially  bound  as  it  is,  and  printed  on  thick  antique  wove  ps-itr." 

VANITY  FAIR  Bays:— "  II  is  a  beautiful  edition." 

The  QUEEA   says       "A  sumptuous  edition  at  the  extraordinarily  low  price  of  three 

shillings  ami  sixpence  a  volume A  handsome  library  size,  with  charming  print  aud  paper, 

illustrated  with  handsome  pit 


CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  Limited,  London. 


Bdltorial  Commnnicationa  should  be   addressed  to  "The   Editor "  —  Advertisements  and   Business   Letters  to  "The   Publisher "  —  at  the  OBice.    Bream  s-building*.   Cbaiiccry-lane,  EC. 
Printed  by  John  Edward  Francis,  Athena  urn  Press,  Breani's-buildtnga.  Chancery-lane,  B.C. ;  and  Published  by  John  C.  Francis  at  Bream's  buildings.  Chancery-lane,  R.C. 
Agents  tor  Scotland,  Messrs.  Bell  &  Bradtute  and  Mr.  John  Mcnnes.  Edinburgh.—  Saturday,  1  'et'rnary  ID,  1SST. 


THE   ATHEN^UM 

journal  of  <&n$Wj  antf  foreign  literature,  Science,  tf)t  dffne  &rt&  jflusic  anb  tire  ©rama. 


No.  3618. 


SATURDAY,    FEBRUARY    27,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


BRITISH        MUSBU    M.— 
The   READING    ROOMS    will    be    CLOSED    from    MONDAY, 
March  1.  to  THURSDAY.  March  4,  inclusive. 

E   MAUNDE  THOMPSON.  Principal  Librarian  and  Secretary. 
British  Museum,  February  23,  1897. 


ROYAL  INSTITUTION  of  GREAT  BRITAIN, 
Albemarle-street,  Piccadilly,  W 

THURSDAY  NEXT  (March  4),  at  3  o'clock.  Prof  PERCY  GARDNER, 
Litt  D  F  8  A  Professor  of  Classical  Arch.-rologyand  Art  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford  FIRST  of  THREE  LECTURES  on  Greek  History  and 
Extant  Monuments. '    Half-a-Guinea  the  Course  TrvT>r.«»v 

SATUKDAY  (March  6j,  at  3  o'clock,  the  Right  Hon  LORD  RAY- 
LEIGH  MA  DCLLLD  F  R.S..  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy, 
R  I. .FIRST  of  SIX  LECTURES  on  'Electricity  and  Electrical  Vibra- 
tions'   One  Guinea  . 

Subscription  to  all  the  Courses  in  the  Season,  Two  Guineas. 

BRITISH  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION.— 
The  SEVENTH  MEETING  of  the  SESSION  will  be  held  at  32, 
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Century  Records  of  Absentees  from  Church,'  by  THOMAS  BLASHILL, 


E*q. 


W.  DE  GRAY  BIRCH.  LL.D  U.S.A.  1    Honorary 
GEO.  PATRICK.  A.R.I.B  A.  J  Secretaries. 


EDITOR  WANTED  for  UNIONIST  JOURNAL. 
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OYAL      IRISH       ACADEMY. 


R 


Applications  for  the  Academy's  TODD  PROFESSORSHIP  of  the 
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ing the  Professorship  can  be  obtained  from  the  Treasurer  or  the 
Academy,  19,  Dawson-street,  Dublin. 


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PUBLISHERS'   PERMANENT   BOOK   EXHIBI- 
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in  the  firet  instance.  7,  ,  8,  Fulham-road,  S.  W. 

YOUNG  LADY,  aged  30,  requires  RE-ENGAGE- 
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of  Spanish.  Excellent  personal  references. — Apply  to  8.,  care  of  Miss 
Deede,  66,  Whitconibe-street,  Coventry-street,  W  C. 

RE-ENGAGEMENT  as  ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN 
WANTED  by   YOUNG   MAN.     Knowledge  of  Dewey  System. 
Excellent  testimonials  —  Davy,  24.  Bethune-road,  London,  N. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARIANSHIP  REQUIRED  by 
GENTLEMAN  of  eighteen  years'  Public  Library  experience 
Age  S3.  Highest  testimonials  and  references — Address  H  R,  8, 
licrnage  View,  Stockport-road,  Levenshulme.  Manchester. 

AN  ASSOCIATE  of  a  London  College,  having 
good  knowledge  of  Literature  and  Bibliography.  DESIRES  an 
OPENING  in  LIHRARY  or  INSTITUTE— A.  C.  P.,  Victoria  Cottage, 
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A    GRADUATE    of    Cambridge   (in    Classical 
Honours)    bogs    to    offer    his  services  to   PUBLISHERS   as 
HEADER.— Address  Cambridge,  44,  Chancery-lane,  W  C. 

C^  ENTI.EMAN,  a«ed  23.  is  desirous  of  obtaining 
X  EMPLOYMENT  with  a  good  PUBLISHER  where  there  would 
he  some  prospect  of  advancement.  Premium  could  be  arranged  for, 
but  *alar>  would  be  exppcted.  Literary  and  artistic  tastes;  knowledge 
..f  <  .t-rman  and  French  ;  Type-writer  —Address  E.  G.  F.,  care  of 
Willlng's  Advertisement  offices.  162,  Piccadilly,  W. 

GRADUATE.  Classical  Honours,  TEACHES 
CLASSICS  and  GERMAN,  and  Prepares  for  Examinations  He 
would  also  be  willing  to  accept  Tutorial  or  Travelling  Engagements 
for  Paster  or  Summer  Vacations —E.  C,  30,  Lower  Belgrave-street, 
Eaton-square. 


I 


LANGEFNI       COUNTY      SCHOOL. 


WANTED,  a  HEAD  MASTER  for  the  above  School  Candidates 
must  be  Graduates,  and  must  not  be  over  35  years  of  age  —  Applications 
and  testimonials  (25  copies  of  each)  to  be  in  the  hands  of  the  under- 
signed from  whom  further  particulars  may  be  obtained,  on  or  before 
March  13  R.  H   WILLIAMS. 

Clerk  to  the  Anglesey  County  Governing  Body. 

4.  Stanley-crescent,  Holyhead,  February  16, 1897. 


u 


w 


ANTED,    EASY   LITERARY   WORK    for 

spare  hours  —Cantab  ,  care  of  A  J.  Isard,  Esq  ,  Solicitor,  H, 
Queen-street,  Cheapslde,  B.C. 

A  GENTLEMAN,  with  some  literary  and  business 
experience  and  small  capital,  wishes  to  JOIN    PUBLISHING 
FIRM  —Address  No  R  4,  Keith  «  Co  ,  Adveitislng  Agents.  Edinburgh 

JITERARY.— To  Young  and  other  Authors, 
.  Members  of  Universities,  Ac —A  HEW  MAGAZINE  (Sclenee, 
Fiction.  Ac  )  REQUIRES  CONTRIBUTORS  Name*  and  partioulars- 
tiot  MS     in  first  instance  to  Editor,  Harrington,  Oxford  Union  Society 

OFFICE  :md  SERVICES  of  intelligent  REPRE- 
ITATTVE    OFFERED  genuine  Association    or    Kntorprlse— 
Philanthropic,  Literary,  Commercial,  or  Professional  —  by  a  btulnet*- 
i    hating  Secretarial  and    Journalistic  experience       N  H 

■■man    Rcpreseniive  whin   i ded      I'arliculars,  In 

confidence,  to  Co  operation,  Box  500,  Willing  *,  125,  strand. 

SOUND  ENGLISH  SCHOLAR  WANTED  to 
TRANSLATE  QUASI-SCIENTIFIC  BOOK  from  the  FRENCH  - 
Please  address  terms.  In  strict  confldence,  Charm*  CaaamoTOlf,  13. 
Faubourg  Monlmartre,  Paris 


K 


NIVERSITY   COLLEGE   of  SOUTH   WALES 

and  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
FACULTY     OF     MEDICINE. 
The    Council    invites    applications    for   the    PROFESSORSHIP    of 
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must  be  in  the  hands  of  the  undersigned  on  or  before  March  8, 1897. 
Further  paaticulars  may  be  obtained  on  application  to 

J    AUSTIN  JENKINS,  B  A., 

Secretary  and  Registrar. 
University  College,  Cardiff,  February  8, 1897. 

ARACHI,     INDIA.— SIND     MADRESSEH 

(MAHOMEDAN  COLLEGE). 

A  PRINCIPAL  WANTED  for  the  above  State-aided  Institution. 
Must  he  a  Graduate  in  Honours  of  a  British  University,  and  not  more 
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Applications  will  be  received  up  to  March  10  by  Sir  James  Peile, 
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ment may  be  obtained. 

India   Office,  February  25,  1897. 

A  PROFESSOR  of  NATURAL  SCIENCE  is 
REQUIRED  for  the  THOMASON  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
KURKI,  in  the  North- West  Provinces  of  India.  He  should  be  a  Prac- 
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ing. 

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A   GODLEY,  Under-Secretary  of  State  for  India. 


CCHOLASTIC- 


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I.  THOROUGH  FRENCH  and  fair  MATH8.,  in  good  Prep.  School. 
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90/  Res. 

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High  Church.     70/.  Res. 

4.  CLASSICS  in  large  and  well-known  Prep.  School.  120/.  Res., 
increasing  to  180/. 

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a  good  man 

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rVO  LITERARY  MEN  and    others.— Experienced 

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,»,;•> 


THE     AT  II  KX.r.  I    M 


N  3618,  I'i.i:.  27,  '97 


sji:<  RBTARIAL    Bl  READ.     Confidential   s 

l>    ijn    Mi.«  ii  i  mi  i;i  i.i  i  ■(.!     Natural  I  •'.  ""' 

Haiti  a  Ilium  gllsh  and   I 

ipeclal  .i«n  ..f  I  ic  n»h  ani  Oermaa  lu  i 

IM    >n. I  (  menial  Translations   Into  and  from  all  Ijih. 

allty—  Hutch  Translation-  -man,  and    Medical    lype- 

IN|i|\IM.      KKCKBTAKIAI.  Rt'KBAI     '■  Hai  i  rained 

•tad  til  lodi  -  Mi  dli  al  Indi  < 

rpypB-WUITKHS   nnd  CYCLER    Tha  itandard 

X  makes  at  lialf  the  n%ual  prices  Ma.-hlnea  Irnt  on  hire  also  iiought 
and  I  icbanged  •uadriet  ami  Repairs  to  all  Machines  Terms,  cash 
or   In.laln..  i  0  WOrdl.— W.  1 

.in.-m  l.n.v    1  OH.I..U       I'.labllshed  iBM        1  .Uj.I.oii.  ■"   •  lelc 

gram*,  "tfloasalor.  London." 


AUTHORS  of    NOVELS  and   SHOUT  STOHIKS 

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:i  vols  -Journal  of  Pavchical  Research.  11  vols  —New  Law  KeporM. 
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lands  ftc.  7  vols  -Mrs.  Delany  8  Autobiography.  6  vols  -Kuskini 
Btonei  ol  Venice,  .1  vols -Levers  Works  :i  vols  -Cooper  »  Mr* 
25  vols-Scott's  Wav.rl.v  Novclsand  Poems.60  vols —Carlyles  Works. 
■  .lovs  Universal  Library,  21  vols -Series  of  Notes  ana 
(lucrles—  Miscellanea  Ocnealoglca— Bibliographical  Serials,  ftc. 
To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


N°  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


263 


The  SECOND   PORTION  of  the  Collection  of  Old  Japanese 
Colour  Prints,  the  Property  of  ERNEST  HART,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  SATURDAY,  February  27.  at  1  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, the  SECOND  PORTION  of  the  COLLECTION  of  OLD 
JAPANESE  COLOUR  PRINTS,  the  Property  of  ERNE8T  HART,  Esq.. 
including  Specimens  of  the  Work  of  the  best  known  masters,  from  the 
earliest  dates  to  recent  times. 

May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


The  Collection  of  Decorative  Porcelain,  Enamels,  Bijouterie,  Ijc. 
of  the  late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand.  W.C,  on  MONDAY.  March  1,  at  1  o'clock  precisely 
<by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH  and 
ORIENTAL  CHINA— Battersea  Enamels— Cut  Glass— Needlework- 
Bijouterie— Miniatures— Antique  Furniture,  &c ,  the  Property  of  the 
late  Mr.  THOMAS  HAINES. 

May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Remaining  Portion  of  the  Collection  of  Works  of  Art, 
the  Property  of  the  late  WILLIAM  WEBB,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY-.  March  2.  and  Following  Day,  at 
1  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executor),  the  REMAINING 
PORTION  of  Ihe  COLLECTION  of  the  late  WILLIAM  WEBB,  Esq., 
including  Bronzes  —  Enamels  —  Oriental  and  European  Porcelain  — 
Pottery— Miniatures— Engravings— Snuff-Boxes,  &c.  ;  also  a  Series  of 
Sixteen  remarkably  beautiful  Caskets,  of  Painted  and  Variegated 
Leathers,  by  a  modern  Artist,  in  designs  of  the  periods  of  Henry  II.  and 
Diane  de  Poictiers,  Francis  I  ,  Lorenzo  de  Medicis,  &c  ,  from  the 
COLLECTION  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Library  of  the  late  Sir  JOHN  E.  ERICHSEN,  F.R.S., 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  8ELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY,  March  4,  and  Two  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  preciselv,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Rev  MICHAEL 
ANGELO  ATKINSON,  formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  and  Hon.  Canon  of  Norwich,  comprising  valuable  Archi- 
tectural Works  in  English  and  French— tine  Illustrated  Books— Archaeo- 
logy, &c  :  a  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Sir 
JOHN  E  ERICHSEN,  F.R.S.  F.R.C  S.  LL.D.,  Ac,  comprising  Topo- 
graphy—  Poetry  —  History— and  First  Editions  of  the  Writings  of 
Thackeray,  Stevenson,  Rogers,  Browning,  and  others;  a  SELECTED 
PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Mons  LUIS  FALERO.  the  well- 
known  Artist,  consisting  chiefly  of  valuable  French  Architectural  and 
Scientific  Publications;  the  Property  of  JOHN  R.  ELDRIDGE,  Esq  , 
comprising  a  Small  Collection  of  Sporting  Books  ;  the  Property  of  the 
late  JULIUS  TALBOT  AIREY.  Esq.  fsold  by  order  of  Mrs.  Sheffield 
Neave),  consisting  of  Poetical  Works— Theology— Standard  French 
Books— Voyages  and  Travels— finely  Illustrated  Works,  Ac— and  other 
Properties. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  Valuable  Library  of 
BERESFORD  R.  HEATON,  E<q.,  and  Valuable  Books, 
the  Property  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  MONDAY,  March  8.  and  Two  Following  Days, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  a 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  BERESFORD  R.  HEATON,  Esq  ,  of 
Cheniston-gardens,  Kensington  ;  a  Selected  Portion  of  the  Valuable 
Library  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased  ;  a  Small  Collection  of  Illustrated 
French  Books,  the  Property  of  O.  W.  SELIGMAN.  Esq.;  a  Selected 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart .  and  other 
Properties,  including  Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Works— Valuable  Topo- 
graphical Works  by  Hunter.  Thoresby,  and  Whitaker— Black -Letter 
Chronicles— Officium  B.  V  M.  with  Illuminations,  Sa?r\  XV.— First 
Illustrated  Edition  of  the  Malermi  Bible,  1490— First  Editions  of  the 
Writings  of  Ruskin,  Jesse.  Swift,  Matthew  Arnold,  Fielding,  Pierce 
Egan,  Ac— rare  Sporting  liooks— Water-Coloor  Drawings,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on 
receipt  of  four  stamps. 

The  Original  Manuscripts  of  Keats' s  Endymion  and  Lamia, 
entirely  in  the  Autograph  of  the  Poet. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  10,  the  ORIGINAL 
MANUSCRIPTS  of  KHATS'S  ENDYMION  and  LAMIA,  entirely  in 
the  Autograph  of  the  Poet.  These  MSS.  have  never  before  been  sold. 
and  are  in  the  exact  condition  in  which  they  left  the  Printer.  They  are 
the  Property  of  a  relative  of  John  Taylor,  who  published  the  Poems 
Also  TWO  AUTOGRAPH  MANUSCRIPTS  of  the  late  WILLIAM 
MORRIS.  'Mine  and  Thine,'  a  Poem,  and  'An  Old  Story  Retold'— 
an  Unpublished  Poem  in  the  Autograph  of  W.  M.  Thackeray— and  other 
ManuscripU 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on 
receipt  of  four  stamps. 


The  Valuable  Collection  of  Coins,  the  Property  of 
B.   C.  KRCMBHOLZ,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  BELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand.  W.C,  on  Till  B8DAY,  March  11,  and  Two  Following 
Days,  at  1  o  .'lock  precisely,  the  Valuable  COLLECTION  of  BNGLI8H 
COINS,  In  Gold,  Silver,  and  Copper,  Including  a  few  Patterns  and  Proofs 
to  which  is  added  a  very  remarkable  Series  of  German  Thalers  Ac 
comprising  Specimens  from  1507  to  the  Present  Day.  and  other  Foreign 
<  oins.  many  in  the  finest  possible  condition,  formed  by  E  C  KRl  M~H- 
HOLZ,  Esq  ,  Member  of  the  Numismatic  Society  of  London. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

THE    MONTAGU    COLLECTION   OF   COINS. 
Portion  of  the  Greek  and  Roman  Series. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their   House.  No    1.1    Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  MONIUV,  March  l:,  and  Four  Following  I i;u  s 
INAI,  PORTION  of  the  GREEK  8EKIE8  together  will,  ;,  Small 
-  of  Koman.  silvcr.and  Bronze  Coins  and  Medallions  of  the  late  H 
MONTAGU    i 

May  be  slewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues,  illustrated  with  Autotype 
nates,  may  be  had.  price  St.  each 


M 


Autograph  Letters  and  Documents. 
ESSRS.    PUTTICK   k    SIMPSON    will    BELL 

ION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,    WC     on 

,       '        ,  i         ,  ',   v        "V,"."n""'H   P*8'   '    '  'U.aV.W.t  - 

ABLE  (  OLLF.CrjON  of  AUTOGRAPH  LETTERS  an. I  imi  i  minis 
Including  examples  of  Queen    BMrjibeth,  Charles    1!      William  III ' 

rick  William  I   of  Pn 
m««,     lElv.         .      the  Pr,"C8  of  Wales,  Cromwell   Pepyi    Evelyn 
SSd^e^"iPiL.M"uttmf,   '':""    '     Mendelaaohn-BarthoHy    Mozart 
I.orr    Nel.cn    la.lv    Hamilton.  Sir  J     Franklin     lleniamin    Franklin 
,  ",  "<    Johnson.  W  Cowper   Lord  Byron    T   ("an  n 

'■'         J  '    l<««.ln.  Lord  Lytton'  i  irSiJ/MM? 

Catalogues  may  bo  had  |  If  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp 


M 


Postage  Stamps. 
ESSRS.  PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON   will   SELL 

by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C,  on 
TUESDAY,  March  2.  and  Following  Day,  at  half-past  5  o'clock  preciselv, 
a  COLLECTION  of  rare  BRITISH,  FOREIGN,  and  COLONIAL 
POSTAGE  STAMPS. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Entire  Stock  of  Mr.  C.  PALMER,  of  Southa?npton-rotc,  who 
is  changing  the  character  of  his  business. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester -square,  W.C, 
on  WEDNESDAY,  March  3.  and  Two  Following  Davs,  at  ten  minutes 
past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  ENTIRE  STOCK  of  Mr.  CLEMENT 
PALMER,  of  Southampton-row,  comprising  Works  on  History,  Bio- 
graphy, Travel,  Bibliography,  Theology,  Antiquities.  Astrology— Speci- 
mens of  Early  Foreign  Typography  —  valuable  Editions  of  English 
Histories— interesting  Manuscripts,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on  receipt  of  two  stamps. 

Miscellaneous  Engravings  and  Paintings. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  k  SIMPSON  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,    at    their   House,    47,    Leicester-square,    W.C,    on 
TUESDAY,  March  9,  and  One  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past 

1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS,  removed  from 
Bournemouth,  and  other  Private  Sources,  comprising  Rare  Mezzotints, 
some  in  proof  states— Fancy  Subjects  after  Cosway,  rtartolozzi,  Minasi. 
Kauft'man,  &c. — Sporting  Subjects  and  Caricatures— Topographical  and 
Architectural  Prints— and  Oil  Paintings,  both  old  and  modern. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Library  of  the  late  Admiral  BA  UGH  (by  order  of  the 
Executors) . 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  4",  Leicester-square,  WC,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  March  17,  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  ten  minutes 
past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Admiral  BAUGH, 
amongst  which  will  be  found  Thackeray's  Works,  Edition  de  Luxe — 
Dickens's  Works.  Complete  Set,  First  Editions,  bound  in  calf  gilt,  gilt 
edges — Strickland's  Queens  of  England,  12   vols.— Whitaker's  Leeds, 

2  vols— Barham's  Ingoldsby  Legends,  3  vols  —Costumes  du  Quadrille 
Historique— Phiz,  A  Run  with  the  Stag  Hounds,  coloured  plates  — 
Whitaker's  Craven — Browne's  Annals  of  Newark-upon-Trent— Complete 
Set  of  Punch— Dance  of  Death,  2  vols  coloured  plates  by  Rowlandson,  &c. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Library  of  the  late  Rev.  ROBT.  CHARLES  JENKINS, 
Honorary  Canon  of  Canterbury  Cathedral. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C  .  EARLY 
in  APRIL,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Rev.  ROBT.  CHARLES  JENKINS, 
Honorary  Canon  of  Canterbury  Cathedral,  comprising  Theological, 
Classical,  Early  Printed,  and  Miscellaneous  Books  in  all  Branches  of 
Literature,  both  English  and  Foreign. 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  : — 

On   MONDAY,  March  1,  MODERN  PICTURES 

and  DRAWINGS  from  different  sources. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  2,  BRONZES  and  WORKS 

of  ART  relating  to  Napoleon  I.,  the  Collection  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On  THURSDAY,  March  4,  and   Following  Day, 

the  CONDOVER  HALL  COLLECTION  of  OBJECTS  of  ART, 
DECORATIVE  FURNITURE,  and  ARMOUR  and  ARMS  of  the  late 
REGINALD  CHOLMONDELEY,  Esq. 

On  FRIDAY,  March   5,  OBJECTS  of  ART  and 

DECORATION  of  the  late  BARON  HIRSCH,  the  Rev.  Sir  ALGERNON 
COOTE,  Bart.,  and  from  other  private  sources. 

On   SATURDAY,    March    6,    the    CONDOVER 

HALL  COLLECTION  of  PICTURES  of  the  late  REGINALD  CHOL- 
MONDELEY, Esq  ,  and  Pictures  from  other  Celebrated  Collections. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  9,  ENGRAVINGS  of  the 

EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL,  the  COLLECTION  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  10,  the  CELLAR  of 

WIN  ES  of  the  late  JOHN  CLUTTON ,  Esq  ,  and  choice  Wines  from  other 
private  Cellars 

On  THURSDAY,  March  11,  the  COLLECTION 

of  DRAWINGS  by  the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  DUNMORE. 

On  FRIDAY,  March  12,  fine  OLD  SILVER  and 

SILVER-GILT  PLATE,  including  a  few  Pieces,  the  Property  of  the 
late  Mrs.  DURIE;  Jewels— Lace— Miniatures— Snuff-Boxes,  Ac. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  13,  the  COLLECTIONS 

of  PICTURES  of  the  late  Sir  CHARLES  BOOTH,  Bart.,  and  of  the  late 
BNOWDON  HENRY,  Esq. 

On  MONDAY,  March  15,  the  COLLECTION  of 

PORCELAIN,  PLATE,  and  DECORATIVE  OBJECTS  of  the  late  Sir 
CHARLES  BOOTH,  Bart 

On   MONDAY,  March  15,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  the  ENGRAVED  WORKS  of  Sir  JOSHUA  REY- 
NOLDS, formed  by  FREDERIC,  EARL  of  BES8BOROUGH. 

To  wealthy  Connoisseurs  and  Collectors. 
OLD  ENGRAVINGS.  DRAWINGS,  PAINTINGS,  ETCHINGS,  BOOKS, 
and  other  Literary  and  Art  Items,  from  the  Collections  of  the  late 
Mr.  Arthur  Parsons,  Rev  E  Alleyn,  Henry  Payne,  Esq.,  MA,  the 
Chevalier  Lupino,  Alfred  Tabois,  Esq  ,  B.A..  Henry  Wood,  Esq  , 
Lord  Mayor  Sir  Thomas  White,  Queen  Anne  of  Denmark,  Royal 
Gallery  of  Spain,  Colonel  Stuart,  Accademia  di  Milano,  Henry 
Weekea,  Esq  .John  Houlton.  Esq.,  of  Farley  Castle,  Lord  Stratford 
de  Redcliffe,  Sir  E.  Antrohus,  Charles  Pickering,  Esq  ,  Mr.  Crawfurd, 
MUs  Wood,  Miss  Stevens.  Miss  Graham.  Mrs  llunduck.  the  "  Ken 
Bee"  Literary  and  Art  Societies.  King  George  III,  Napoleon  I., 
General  (Chinese)  Gordon,  the  Kojal  Naval  Exhibition.  Sir  James 

Brooke,  Mr,  Vaoher,  Rev.  B    h   Poser,  George  Paulet,  w    U 

ThlMlton,  Esq  .  the  Gurdon  Famih,  Miss  Knatchhull,  VMlhclmus 
Burmann,  Monsieur  Gawct,  Don  DA  breu,  and  other  select  sources; 
and  special  items  relating  to  Queen  Victoria,  her  Family,  Reign, 
Court  nn.l  Ancestors,  suitable  for  Collectors  for  the  Queen's 
Diamond  Jubilee. 

Ml!.  JOHN   PARNELL,   Bond   Fide    Auctioneer, 
win  sell  by  \i  (  i  ION  (subject  '"  declared  reserve  prices),  at 

12,  Rocklej road   Station,   London,   W.,  on 

WEDNESDAY  MAI  March  8  (and  every  succeeding  Wednesday 
until  the  lots  be  (ill  sold),  at  1  o'cle.  k 

Private  view  br  card  on  Honda*  Public  view  on  Tuesday  QenUe 
men  who  cannot  attend  the  Bale  can  register  their  bids  with  the 
Auctioneer.    Catalogues  on  application. 


I  For  Continuation  oi  Sales,  see  next  page.] 


NOW  READY. 


THE  JUCKLINS. 


BY 


OPIE    READ, 

Author   of   '  A   Kentucky   Colouel.' 
Crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  3s.  6d. 


NOW  READY. 


A  MATTER 

OF 

TEMPERAMENT, 


BY 


CAROLINE  FOTHERGILL, 

Author  of  '  The  Comedy  of  Cecilia '  and 
'  A  Question  of  Degree.' 

Crown    8vo.   cloth,  price   64*. 


NOW    READY. 
VOLUME  XVII. 

STANDARD  EDITION 

OF    THE 

WAVERLEY  NOVELS. 

Now  being  issued  in  Twenty-five  Monthly 
Volumes,  crown  8vo.  containing  Photogravure 
Frontispieces  printed  on  Japanese  paper, 
bound  in  art  canvas,  gilt  top,  price  2s.  6d. ; 
or  in  full  limp  leather,  gilt  edges,  price  3s.  6d. 
per  Volume. 

NOW    READY. 
VOLUME  V. 

STANDARD  EDITION 

OF   THE 

COLLECTED    WRITINGS 

OF 

THOMAS  DE  QUINCEY. 

Now  being  issued  in  Fourteen  Monthly 
Volumes,  small  crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top, 
price  2s.  6J.  each. 

London  ;  A.  k  C.  BLACK,  Soho-square. 


264 


T  II  E     ATI!  ENjEUM 


N°  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


CO/tDOVSR  HALL,  UtBt  H  XBl  BF. 

K\t  I     .ri,     \l  I'.ilN  I  Ml  V  is  to  lllla   Anrlrnl    BUBftbetlssa  Mansion. 

Including  llcturea.  Kngrat  lugs.  Old   J:i|.*n  I'lilua.   HrasMM    Mitiqur 

'i    liiriiiturr     Irrmli.    It&llMn.    ami    I'uu-h    Msr<|in  t.  I  .■■    Md 

Damerom  Important  l.nvcu  worthy  the  attention  "l  *  ollecton  nod 

If   t lie  1  'rope rtf   of   the  late    lil.i.lNAl.H  CHOLHOM 

l.i  LIT,  i 

MB88R8.  WM.  HALL,  WATBRIDQE  ft  OWBN 
arc  tBToand  « life  Inetraetlaai  from  the   Hei    B    11   <  iini 

MONO!  l  i  ^    «ii"  iii>«  .ii-i .1  ..f  iii<    '  ondoTer  H«vll   I  »'ale   to  bold 

the  iIkiii'  KALB  bf   Al  II  :iiN,   t.>mmi-in  log  OD    1  I   I  M  i  \  "i      Miiieh  9, 

ind  i  Dllewlag  lists 

BOOl    l     ' ill  |    ■-     '-/     each  i    forwsrdc.l    <>n   aaplleBsiOa    10    thl 

-    li  [b  r     Sale  mh  ila)  »l  LtO'oJoOk  lo  the 

niloute. 


At  BIRMINGHAM,  tm  MONDA  )',  March  7. 

A  moat  Interesting  and  mil  000 1  lofl  Sal.'  ol  a  Valuable  OnllQCtloa  ol 
Hare  W.ir  nfoiloll  l.y  direction  Ol  *  w.  It  Wn.iwn  Collector  In  Iho 
South  .. f  I  upland  i  who  has  been  collecting  or  upwards  of  ll.lru- 
flTe  years  and  la  now  relluqutihlng  the  pursuit),  also  a  lew  Lou 
the  Property  of  a  Lady 

MRSSRS  CLEMENT  WELLER&  LOCKER  will 
^H  I    bf  A  i      riON,  »t   their   Himiiis    No.  18.  NKW  BTRE1  I 
BIRMINGHAM,  on    monii.w     March    1.  commencing   at   •-■  o'clock 
punctually,  a  valuable  COLLECTION    ol    WAK    ICBDALS,    including 
many  very  ran-  specimen*,  in  all  numbering  upwarda  of  lou  Lots 

Catalogues    pott    free  from    the    AuUlullDBa,   No    18,  New-street. 

llirmlnghani. 

On  TVBSDA  Y,  March  S. 
Important  Sale  of  the  vtluable  Collection  of  Pictures,  removed 
from    Wig»Um   Hall,    l^tio-stershire,  by   Direction  of  J.   F. 
DOBSOX,  Esq.,  who  is  leaving. 

MESSRS.  CLEMENT,  WELLER  &  LOCKER 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Galleries.  No.  19,  NBW- 
BTB.BET,  on  1LKSDAY.  March  I,  at  1  o'clock  punctually,  the  above 
highly  important  PICTUBJBS,  including  Four  important  Works  by 
Win  Shaver,  sen. — large  and  important  Work  by  P  Nasmvth  — large 
and  important  Work  by  Alexandra  Na-smyih— a  very  tine  Work  l.y 
George  Morland  ;  also  a  large  and  important  Work,  the  Circumcision, 
attributed  to  Rembrandt;  and  others  by  and  attributed  to  Rubens, 
liun.lueila  Richard  Wilson.  P.  Wouvermanns.  A  KaufTman.  U  A  . 
Tcniers,  Zuccarelli  W  Collins.  K. A  ,  Landseer,  Constable.  T.  S  Cooper, 
R.A..  Rarker,  of  Rath,  Mierls,  T.  Raker,  T.  Wainewright,  1861,  W  Webb, 
G  Gregory.  1884,  O'Connor,  J.  Willis,  1839,  G.  Cole,  Wm.  de  Heusch, 
Van  DycJ 

On  view  the  day  preceding  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be  obtained  at  the 
Offices  of  the  AvcrioNEEas,  No.  18,  New-street. 

Note— The  above  Pictures  are  exclusively  the  Wigston  Hall  Collec- 
tion. 


BLACKWOOD'S  MAGAZINE. 

No  977.     MARCH,  1897.    2s.  6d. 
GORDON'S  STAFF-OFFICER  at  KHARTUM. 
SOME  PLANTATION  MEMORIES.    By  A.  G.  Bradley. 
WOMAN  in  POLITICS.     By  T.  P.  W. 

KAFIRISTAN  and  the  KAFIRS.    By  Major  W.  Broadfoot. 
DARIEL  :  a  Romance  of  Surrey.    By  R.  D.  Blackmore.    Chaps  21-24. 
SALADIN  and  KING  RICHARD:  the  Eastern  Question  in  the  Twelfth 

Century.    By  Lieut. -Col.  C.  R.  Conder. 
The  GOAT  ■  his  Useful  Qualities,  and  how  he  came  by  Them.    By  Dr. 

Louis  Robinson. 
RECENT  NAVAL  BIOGRAPHY  and  CRITICISM. 
TRAVELLING  JOE.    By  Zack. 

DISRAELI  VINDICATED.    By  Frederick  Greenwood. 
The  POLITICAL  PROSPECT. 

William  Blackwood  &  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


T 


Monthly,  price  Half-a-Crown. 

HE      CONTEMPORARY      REVIEW. 


Contents  for  MARCH. 


CHARTERED  COMPANY  in  SOUTH  AFRICA.     By  the  Rev    John 

Mackenzie. 
The  HOUSE  of  COMMONS  and  its  LEADER.    By  Herbert  Paul. 
SOME    RECENT    ENGLISH   THEOLOGIANS:    Lightloot,    Westcott, 

Hort,  Jowett,  Hatch.    By  A.  M   Fairbairn,  D.D. 
OUR  WAR-8HIPS.    By  William  Allan,  M.P. 

The  PRONUNCIATION  of  GREEK  in  ENGLAND.     By  J.  Gennadius. 
The  FAMINE  in  my  GARDEN.    By  Phil  Robinson. 
An  IRISH  CHANNEL  TUNNEL.     With  Map.     By  J.  Ferguson  Walker. 
LIFE  in  a  FRENCH  COMMUNE.    By  Robert  Donald. 
TEN  YEARS  of  MILLIONAIRES.     By  H.  8.  Maclanchlan. 
FREE  CHURCH  UNITY  :   the  New  Movement.     By  the  Rev.  Hugh 

Price  Hughes. 

London  i  Isbister  &  Co  ,  Limited,  Covent-garden,  W.C. 

T^HE      NINETEENTH      CENTURY. 
No.  241.     MARCH,  1897. 
FOR  GREECE  and  CRETE.     By  Algernon  Charles  Swinburne. 

The  CRETAN  QUESTION.    By  Francis  de  PressensC  (Foreign  Editor 

of  Le  Temps). 
GREATER    BRITAIN    and  the    QUEEN'S    LONG    REIGN.      By  Sir 

Julius  Vogel.  K  C.M.G   (ex-Premier  of  New  Zealand  i 
FIGHTING  the  FAMINE  in  INDIA.     By  J.  D.  Recs,  CLE. 
ENGLAND'S   ADVANCE  NORTH   of  ORANGE  RIVER.     By  Melius 

de  Villiers  (Chief  Justice  of  the  Orange  Free  suite  i 
Mil.  HERBERT  SPENCER  and  LORD  SALISBURY  on  EVOLUTION. 

By  His  Grace  the  Duko  of  Argyll. 
HOW  POOR  LADIES  LIVE.    By  Miss  Frances  H.  Low. 
The  MASS:  Primitive  and  Protestant  (In  correction  of  Mr.  J.  Horace 

Round).     By  Geo.  W.  E.  Russell. 
The  LIMITS  of  BIOGRAPHY.    By  Charles  Whlbley. 
ABOUT  ALEXANDRIA      By  Professor  Mahafly 
HINTS  on  CHURCH  REFORM.     By  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jcssopp. 
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OLIVE  SCHREINER'S 

TROOPER  HALKET. 

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TROOPER  PETER  HALKET, 

By  OLIVE  SCHREINER. 

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JOHN  STUART  MILE.  lSt»-lS7:t     Right  Hon  Sir  Ch»rle»  W.  Dilke. 
LITERARY  RECOLLECTIONS     bight  Hon   K   Max  Muller 
MADAME  BLANC  BBNTZON  as  a  ROMANCE  WRITER    Mile  Yetta 

Hla/e  tic  Kurv. 
I'l  KKENT  OEKMAN  LI  I  F.RATl'RE.    John  G.  Robertson. 
The  GLOBE  and  the  ISLAND     Henry  Norman. 

Le  TIGRE     J   H  Rosny. 

i  i.i  ikks   IM  HUES,  publiees  par  E.  Halporlnc-Kaminsky.     Iraa 

Tourcutnelt 
La  MAlMI.N   de   MAN  I' KG NA   .1   MANTOVE    et    les    '  TRIO.MPHES  d* 

CESAR'    i  HAMPTON  COURT.    Charles  Yriarte. 
Los    CONFERENCES    >1  A1X  -  LA  -I  HAI'KLl.E.    d  apres    la    CORRE- 

SPONDANC1    im  mil. in  lit  die  UH  HH. Ill       R  de  Ctsternea 
1.  AMl.Kiqi  l.  i  NIVERSITAIRR    Baron  Pierre  de  Coubcrtin. 
1  i-  LIVES  I  1'AKIS.     Emile  Faguet. 
Kl.\  I  E  du  Mills      F.  de  Pressenw1. 

MEDEA.     1-aul  Heyse. 

Die    EN  l\Wi  Kl.l'NOSGESCHICHrF.    des   modernbn    staates. 

Kii.loh.li  >ohm. 
TCltKlsi  III    RBFORMBN  8EIT  YIBHZIG   JAHREN      H.  Van 
•JOHN  GABRIEL  BORKMAN,    St  11  Al  M'lEL  Ton  HENRIK  1 

Alfred  Frclherrv.m  Hcrger 
roLlTlSl  Hl.S  in   I>Kl   1MHER   BELECCHTVNG.     "IgnotUS." 
PRICE  ».«  W. 


London : 
T.  FISHER  UNWIN,  raternoster-square,  E.C. 


N°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


271 


SATURDAY,   FEBRUARY  27,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Olive  Schreiner's  Peter  Halket        271 

English  Schools  at  the  Reformation         272 

John  Stuart  Mill's  Early  Essays      273 

Jewish  Life  in  the  Middle  Ages        274 

Prof.  Maitland's  Domesday  Book  and  Beyond    ...    274 

Dean  Church's  Occasional  Papers      275 

Australian  Fiction 276 

Genealogical  Literature  276 

The  Literature  of  Social  Economy 277 

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books     ...      277—278 
To  G.  F.  Watts,  E.A.;   Miss  Kingsley's  '  Travels 
in  West  Africa';  Barbour's  'Bruce'  and  the 
Disputed   'Legends';    A   Letter    of    Steven- 
son             278-280 

Literary  Gossip         280 

Science— Chemical  Literature;  Societies;  Meet- 
ings; Gossip  281—283 

Fine  Arts— Hueffer's  Life  of  Ford  Madox  Brown  ; 
Minor  Exhibitions  ;  Pompey's  Pillar  at  Alex- 
andria; Sales;  Gossip  284—286 

Music— The  Week;   Gossip;   Performances  Next 

Week 287-288 

Drama— The  Week;  Gossip         288 


LITERATURE 

Trooper  Peter  Halket   of  Mashonaland.      By 

Olive  Schreiner.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
Political  pamphlets  and  religious  tracts 
seldom  call  for  notice  in  these  columns. 
Mrs.  Schreiner's  little  book  may  be  placed 
in  either  category.  But  it  is  much  more 
than  an  exercise  in  polemics.  Though  her 
scornful  resentment  of  the  policy  and 
methods  of  the  Chartered  Company  in 
South  Africa  finds  free  vent  here,  and 
though  in  condemning  them  she  makes 
bolder  use  of  Scriptural  associations  than 
many  may  like,  she  has  achieved  a  remark- 
able literary  success.  '  Trooper  Peter 
Halket '  does  not  compete  with  '  The  Story 
of  an  African  Farm '  either  as  a  narrative 
or  as  a  study  of  characters,  but  it  is,  in  our 
opinion,  superior  in  workmanship.  In  spite 
of  occasional  blemishes,  and  the  impossibility 
of  its  central  figure  being  presented  in  all 
the  dignity  proper  to  the  conception,  it  is 
a  really  powerful  and  most  impressive  pic- 
ture of  the  struggle  between  the  forces  of 
good  and  evil,  Christian  obligations  and  the 
ways  of  Mammon,  as  it  has  shown  itself  to 
Mrs.  Schreiner  from  her  Kimberley  point 
of  view.  Changing  the  term,  it  is,  taken 
as  a  whole,  a  well- sustained  and  eloquent 
parable,  and  several  of  the  minor  parables 
contained  in  it  are  told  with  rare  grace  of 
style  and  vigour  of  expression. 

Peter  Simon  Halket,  whose  name  sug- 
gests the  "sinful"  disciple  who  was  chosen 
to  be  the  rock  on  which  the  Church  of 
Christ  was  to  be  built,  is  the  son  of  a  poor 
English  widow,  has  gone  to  seek  his 
fortunes  in  Mashonaland,  and  has  had  his 
full  share  in  the  rough  tasks  and  coarse 
pastimes  of  those  in  the  employ  of  the  new 
masters  of  the  country.  One  long  night, 
which  may  be  dated  some  three  or  four 
months  ago,  he  passes  on  the  veld,  waiting 
for  the  dawn  to  give  him  an  opportunity  of 
rejoining  the  comrades  from  whom  he  has 
got  astray.  "Without  food  and  with  very 
little  Capo  brandy  left  in  his  flask,  he  tries 
to  warm  himself  and  to  keep  himself  awako 
by  crouching  over  a  fire  ho  has  lighted  on 
a  koppje.  lie  is  not  addicted  to  thinking, 
but  to-night  ho  thinks  much.  He  recalls  his 
childish  life,  its  simple  pleasures,  and  tho 


petty  faults  for  which  his  mother  tenderly 
reproved  him.  He  broods  over  his  mother's 
patience  and  poverty,  and  longs  for  the  time 
when,  his  term  of  service  as  a  trooper  being 
over,  and  the  grant  of  land  with  which  it  is 
to  be  partly  paid  for  being  obtained,  he  will 
have  a  chance  of  acquiring  the  wealth  that 
is  to  make  both  him  and  her  happy.  As 
soon  as  he  gets  his  land  he  will  start  a 
syndicate  :  — 

"Peter  Halket  was  not  very  clear  as  to  how 
ifc  ought  to  be  started  ;  but  he  felt  certain  that 
he  and  some  other  men  would  have  to  take 
shares.  They  would  not  have  to  pay  for  them. 
And  then  they  would  get  some  big  man  in 
London  to  take  shares.  He  need  not  pay  for 
them  ;  they  would  give  them  to  him  ;  and  then 
the  company  would  be  floated.  No  one  would 
have  to  pay  anything  ;  it  was  just  the  name — 
'The  Peter  Halket  Gold  Mining  Company, 
Limited.'  It  would  float  in  London  ;  and 
people  there  who  didn't  know  the  country 
would  buy  the  shares  ;  they  would  have  to 
give  ready  money  for  them,  of  course  ;  perhaps 
fifteen  pounds  a  share  when  they  were  up  ! — 
Peter  Halket's  eyes  blinked  as  he  looked  into 
the  fire. — And  then,  when  the  market  was  up, 
he,  Peter  Halket,  would  sell  out  all  his  shares. 
If  he  gave  himself  only  six  thousand  and  sold 
them  each  for  ten  pounds,  then  he,  Peter 
Halket,  would  have  sixty  thousand  pounds  ! 
And  then  he  would  start  another  company,  and 
another." 

Further  projects  and  other  thoughts 
jostle  in  the  weary  and  half -famished  trooper' s 
mind,  when  suddenly  a  stranger,  who,  on 
being  questioned,  says  that  he  is  "a  Jew  of 
Palestine,"  appears,  and  asks  leave  to  sit 
beside  him.  Converse  between  these  two 
occupies  half  the  volume.  At  first  it 
is  the  trooper  who  does  nearly  all  the 
talking.  Partly  to  entertain  his  mysterious 
visitor,  partly  under  an  attraction  that 
grows  steadily  upon  him,  he  gives  some 
account  of  his  experiences  in  Mashonaland, 
his  treatment  of  his  nigger  wives  and  the 
other  niggers  whom  he  helped  to  hunt 
down,  and  so  forth.  But  all  the  trooper 
tells  seems  to  have  been  known  to  the 
stranger  already,  and  everything  else. 
Then 

"'Peter  Simon  Halket,'  said  the  stranger 
suddenly — Peter  started  ;  he  had  not  told  him 
his  second  name — 'if  it  should  come  to  pass 
that  you  should  obtain  those  lands  you  have 
desired,  and  you  should  obtain  black  men  to 
labour  on  them  and  make  to  yourself  great 
wealth  ;  or  should  you  create  that  company  ' — 
Peter  started  —  '  and  fools  should  buy  from 
you,  so  that  you  became  the  richest  man  in  the 
land  ;  and  if  you  should  take  to  yourself  wide 
lands,  and  raise  to  yourself  great  palaces,  so 
that  princes  and  great  men  of  earth  crept  up 
to  you  and  laid  their  hands  against  yours,  so 
that  you  might  slip  gold  into  them  —  what 
would  it  profit  you  ? '  '  Profit ! '  Peter  Halket 
stared  :  '  Why,  it  would  profit  everything.  What 
makes  Beit  and  Rhodes  and  Barnato  so  great  ? 
If  you  've  got  eight  millions — '  '  Peter  Simon 
Halket,  which  of  those  souls  you  have  seen  on 
earth  is  to  you  greatest  ?  '  said  the  stranger, 
4  Which  soul  is  to  you  fairest?'  'Ah,'  said 
Peter,  'but  we  weren't  talking  of  souls  at  all  ; 
we  were  talking  of  money.  Of  course  if  it 
comes  to  souls,  my  mother  's  tho  best  person 
I  've  ever  seen.  But  what  does  it  help  her  ! 
She  'a  got  to  stand  washing  clothes  for  those 
stuck-up  nincompoops  of  line  ladies  !  Wait  till 
I  've  got  money  !  It  '11  bo  somebody  else  then, 
who—'  " 

It  is  now  tho  stranger's  turn  to  spoak,  and 
in  the  trooper  lie  lias  an  awed  listener.     Ho 


shows  the  cruelty  of  persecuting  the  natives, 
of  robbing  them  of  their  lands  and  lives. 
He  denounces  the  great  men  who  have  taken 
the  lead  in  bringing  this  evil  about ;  he 
blames  as  partners  in  the  guilt  all  the 
smaller  folk  who  tolerate  it  and  hope  to 
gain  by  it.  He  speaks  chiefly  in  parables 
or  fables.  One  of  these  is  about  a  preacher 
who  dared  to  preach  righteousness,  and 
thereby  lost  his  whole  congregation,  but 
received  his  heaviest  blow  through  the 
reproaches  of  his  wife.  Another  is  about 
two  friendly  beasts  (by  whom  we  are,  pre- 
sumably, to  understand  the  English  and  the 
Dutch  "parties  in  South  Africa)  who  were 
brought  into  deadly  combat  by  the 
treacherous  action  of  malignant  birds. 
Another  opens  thus  : — 

"  There  was  a  streamlet  once  :  it  burst  forth 
from  beneath  the  snow  on  a  mountain's  crown  ; 
and  the  snow  made  a  cove  over  it.  It  ran  on 
pure  and  blue  and  clear  as  the  sky  above  it,  and 
the  banks  of  snow  made  its  cradle.  Then  it 
came  to  a  spot  where  the  snow  ended  ;  and  two 
ways  lay  before  it  by  which  it  might  journey  ; 
one,  on  the  mountain  ridges,  past  rocks  and 
stones,  and  down  long  sunlit  slopes  to  the  sea  ; 
and  the  other,  down  a  chasm.  And  the  stream 
hesitated:  it  twirled  and  purled,  and  went  this 
way  and  went  that.  It  might  have  been,  that 
it  would  have  forced  its  way  past  rocks  and 
ridges  and  along  mountain  slopes,  and  made  a 
path  for  itself  where  no  path  had  been  ;  the 
banks  would  have  grown  green,  and  the  moun- 
tain daisy  would  have  grown  beside  it  ;  and  all 
night  the  stars  would  have  looked  at  their  faces 
in  it  ;  and  down  the  long  sunny  slopes  the  sun 
would  have  played  on  it  by  day  ;  and  the  wood 
dove  would  have  built  her  nest  in  the  trees 
beside  it ;  and  singing,  singing,  always  singing, 
it  would  have  made  its  way  at  last  to  the  great 
sea,  whose  far-off  call  all  waters  hear." 

But  the  streamlet,  taking  the  wrong  course, 
leaped  into  the  abyss. 

"The  rocks  closed  over  it.  Nine  hundred 
fathoms  deep,  in  a  still,  dark  pool  it  lay.  The 
green  lichen  hung  from  the  rocks.  No  sunlight 
came  there,  and  the  stars  could  not  look  down 
at  night.  The  pool  lay  still  and  silent.  Then, 
because  it  was  alive  and  could  not  rest,  it 
gathered  its  strength  together,  through  fallen 
earth  and  broken  debris  it  oozed  its  way  silently 
on  ;  and  it  crept  out  in  a  deep  valley  ;  the 
mountains  closed  it  around.  And  the  stream- 
let laughed  to  itself,  '  Ha,  ha  !  I  shall  make  a 
great  lake  here  ;  a  sea  !  '  And  it  oozed,  and  it 
oozed,  and  it  filled  half  the  plain.  But  no  lake 
came — only  a  great  marsh — because  there  was 
no  way  outwards,  and  the  water  rotted.  The 
grass  died  out  along  its  edges  ;  and  the  trees 
dropped  their  leaves  and  rotted  in  the  water  ; 
and  the  wood  dove  who  had  built  her  nest  there 
flew  up  to  the  mountains,  because  her  young 
ones  died.  And  the  toads  sat  on  the  stones  and 
dropped  their  spittle  in  the  water  ;  and  the 
reeds  were  yellow  that  grew  along  the  edge. 
And  at  night,  a  heavy,  white  fog  gathered  over 
the  water,  so  that  the  stars  could  not  see 
through  it ;  and  by  day  a  fine  white  mist  hung 
over  it,  and  the  sunbeams  could  not  play  on  it. 
And  no  man  knew  that  once  the  marsh  had 
leapt  forth  clear  and  blue  from  under  a  hood 
of  snow  on  the  mountain's  top  :  aye,  and  that 
the  turning  of  one  stone  might  have  caused  that 
it  had  run  on  and  on,  and  mingled  its  song  with 
tho  sea's  song  for  ever." 

By  such  discourse  tho  trooper's  eyes  are 
opened  and  his  heart  is  softened.  "I 
would  like  to  lie  one  of  your  men,"  ho  says 
to  tho  stranger,  who  told  him  that  he  also 
had  a  "  company";  "I  am  tixed  of  belong- 
ing to  tho  Chartered  Company."  But 
Halket  pleads    inability  to   convey  any  of 


272 


T  II  E     AT  II  KX.KUM 


N  3618,  Feb. 


down    at    him,    and 

on    liis  head.      '  Peter 
a  harder  task  I  give 


tltn   weighty    messages   which   are    proposed 

to  him,  to  tho  people  of  England  and  of 

O&pe  Colony,  ;iiid  to  "one  man,"  evidently 
Mr.  (Veil  Rhodes,  adding  to  his  other 
roasouublo  i  In   trutli,  the  message 

is  so  long  1  could  not  veil  remember  it." 
At  length 

"the    stranger    Looked 
placed  his  hand  gently 

Bimon    Halket,'  he  said, 

you  than  any  which  has  been  laid  upon  you 
In  that  small  spot  where  alone  on  earth  your 
will  rules,  bring  there  into  being  the  kingdom 
to-day.  Love  your  enemies  ;  do  good  to  them 
that  hate  you.  Walk  ever  forward,  looking  not 
to  the  right  hand  or  the  left.  Heed  not  what 
men  shall  say  of  you.  Succour  the  oppressed  ; 
deliver  the  captive.  If  thine  enemy  hunger, 
feed  him  ;  if  he  is  athirst  give  him  drink.'  A 
curious  warmth  and  gladness  stole  over  Peter 
Halket  as  he  knelt  ;  it  was  as,  when  a  little 
child,  his  mother  folded  him  to  her  :  he  saw 
nothing  more  about  him  but  a  soft  bright  light. 
Yet  in  it  he  heard  a  voice  cry,  '  Because  thou 
hast  loved  mercy — and  hated  oppression — ' 
When  Trooper  Peter  Halket  raised  himself,  he 
saw  the  figure  of  the  stranger  passing  from 
him.  He  cried,  'My  Master,  let  me  go  with 
you.'  But  the  figure  did  not  turn.  And,  as  it 
passed  into  the  darkness,  it  seemed  to  Peter 
Halket  that  the  form  grew  larger  and  larger  : 
and  as  it  descended  the  further  side  of  the 
koppje  it  seemed  that  for  one  instant  he  still 
saw  the  head  with  a  pale,  white  light  upon  it : 
then  it  vanished." 

How  much  of  hallucination,  and  how 
much  of  supernaturalism,  Mrs.  Schreiner 
wishes  to  be  assumed  in  the  night's  start- 
ling experiences  which  make  up  three- 
fourths  of  her  volume,  it  would  be  hard  to 
say.  This  experiment  in  the  writing  of 
a  modern  gospel,  or  in  supplementing 
the  old  Gospel  with  a  new  chapter,  and 
supplying  it  with  a  new  gloss,  is  more 
ambitious  than  anything  of  the  sort 
hitherto  attempted  by  her.  Perfection  in 
a  piece  of  work  so  daring  was  unattain- 
able ;  that  she  has  succeeded  so  far  in 
handling  such  difficult  material,  in  blending 
the  boldest  idealism  with  the  most  matter- 
of-fact  realism,  is  surprising  and  gratifying. 
The  pathos  of  her  sketch,  and  the  skill  and 
delicacy  with  which  she  has  drawn  her 
outlines  and  filled  them  in,  are  notable  ;  the 
signs  of  bathos  and  clumsiness  are  few. 

There  is  a  short  and  apt  sequel  to  the 
story  of  Peter  Halket' s  conversion  to  Mrs. 
Scbreiner's  view  of  nineteenth  century 
Christianity  and  Christian  duty.  A  few 
days  after  his  lonely — or  all  but  lonely — 
night  on  the  veld,  when  he  is  again  with 
his  rough  companions,  and  when  he  has  not 
many  hours  to  wait  for  the  end  of  his  ser- 
vice as  a  trooper  and  the  promised  grant 
•of  land  which  ho  has  earned  by  so  much 
ignorant  and  degrading  self-sacrifice,  his 
newly  acquired  religion  is  put  to  the  test. 
Already  he  has  shown  himself  to  be  a 
changed  man.  As  one  of  his  fellow 
troopers  explains  to  another  :  — 

"He's  never  been  quite  right  since  that  time 
he  got  lost  and  spent  the  night  out  on  the 
koppje.  When  we  found  him  in  the  morning  he 
was  in  a  kind  of  dead  sleep ;  we  couldn't  wake 
him  ;  yet  it  wasn't  cold  enough  for  him  to  have 
been  frozen.  He  's  never  been  the  same  man 
since  ;  queer,  you  know  ;  giving  his  rations 
away  to  the  coloured  boys,  and  letting  the  other 
fellows  have  his  dot  of  brandy  at  night  ;  and 
keeping  himself  sort  of  apart  to  himself,  you 
know.     The   other    fellows   think    he 's   got    a 


touch  of  fever   on,  I  aught  wandering  about  in 
the  long  j^rass  that  day.      But  1  don't  think  it  's 

thai  ;  1  think  it 's  being  alone  in  the  veld  that '« 

hold  of  him.  Man,  have  you  ever  been  out 
like  that,  alone  in  the  veld,  night  and  day,  and 
not  a  soul  to  speak  to  !  I  have  ;  and  I  tell  you, 
if  1  'd  been  left  there  three  days  longer  I  'd 
havo  gone  mad  or  turned  religious.  Man,  it  's 
tho  nights,  with  the  stars  up  above  you,  and 
tho  dead  still  all  around.  And  you  think,  and 
think,  and  think  !  You  remember  all  kinds  of 
things  you  've  never  thought  of  for  years  and 
years.  I  used  to  talk  to  myself  at  last,  and 
make  believe  it  was  another  man.  I  was  out 
seven  days  :  and  he  was  only  out  one  night. 
But  I  think  it 's  the  loneliness  that  got  hold  of 
him.  Man,  those  stars  are  awful  ;  and  that 
stillness  that  comes  toward  morning  !  " 

On  the  eventful  day  Halket  has 
quarrelled  with  his  captain  about  the  treat- 
ment of  a  starving  native,  who  has  been 
caught  and  tied  up  to  a  tree  as  a  spy,  waiting 
to  be  shot  next  morning.  He  dares  to  talk 
"pure,  unmitigated  Exeter  Hall"  to  the 
captain,  urging  that  "all  men  were 
brothers,  and  God  loved  a  black  man  as 
well  as  a  white,"  and  so  forth.  Tbe  scene 
is  described  in  detail  by  one  trooper,  a 
hardened  colonial,  to  another,  a  fr6sh 
arrival  from  England  : — 

"And  then  he  says — '  If  you  let  me  take  him 
up  to  Lo  Magundis,  sir,  I  'm  not  afraid  ;  and 
I'll  tell  the  people  there  that  it's  not  their 
land  and  their  women  that  we  want,  it 's  them 
to  be  our  brothers  and  love  us.  If  you  '11  only 
let  me  go,  sir,  I  '11  go  and  make  peace  ;  give  the 
man  to  me,  sir  !  '  The  Colonial  shook  with 
laughter.  '  What  did  the  Captain  say  1 '  asked 
the  Englishman.  '  The  Captain  ;  well,  you 
know  the  smallest  thing  sets  him  off  swearing 
all  round  the  world  ;  but  he  just  stood  there 
with  his  arms  hanging  down  at  each  side  of  him, 
and  his  eyes  staring,  and  his  face  getting  redder 
and  redder:  and  all  he  could  say  was,  "My 
Gawd  !  my  Gawd  !  "  I  thought  he  'd  burst.  And 
Halket  stood  there  looking  straight  in  front  of 
him,  as  though  he  didn't  see  a  soul  of  us  all 
there.'" 

The  tragic  ending  of  the  quarrel  the  reader 
may  be  left  to  ascertain  from  Mrs.  Schreiner's 
closing  pages.  It  is  the  most  touching 
episode  in  a  book  as  conspicuous  for  its 
dramatic  force  and  artistic  construction  as 
for  the  impressive  moral  it  is  intended  to 
convey. 

English  Schools  at  the  Reformation,  15J/.6-8. 
By  Arthur  E.  Leach.  (Constable  &  Co.) 
The  returns  of  the  Commissioners  under 
the  Chantries  Acts  of  37  Henry  YIII.  and 
1  Edward  VI.  have  been  printed  for  York- 
shire, Lancashire,  and  Somerset,  and  from 
what  has  already  appeared  it  was  clear 
that  in  these  records  were  buried  the  secrets 
of  the  sufferings  under  the  Reformation  of 
all  those  schools  which  were  maintained  out 
of  endowments  attached  to  guilds,  chantries, 
or  stipendiary  priests.  That  the  number 
of  such  schools  was  far  larger  than  has 
hitherto  been  supposed  Mr.  Leach  made 
known  in  an  article  on  •  Edward  YI.  : 
Spoiler  of  Schools,'  which  appeared  in  the 
Contemporanj  Review,  in  1892.  The  results 
thon  foreshadowed  are  in  the  main  estab- 
lished by  tho  extracts  from  the  chantry 
certificates  which  make  up  this  volume. 
Tho  idea  of  bringing  together  all  those 
entries  in  the  returns  which  deal  with 
schools  was  a  good  one,  for  the  schools  fail 
to  receive  due  prominence  where  the  chantry 


ticates  are  printed  in  extemo.     Onlortn- 
nately  selection  leads  to  the  exclusion  of  a 
mass  of  important  data  concerning  popula- 
tion,  and    of  many  other  records  of  great 
interest  to  the  social,  local,   and  economic 
historian,  which  will  have  ultimately  to  be 
collected.     Also  there    is   always    the  risk 
that  important  entries   concerning   schools 
have  been  overlooked.     Among  the  returns 
here  quoted,  those  of  the  Commissioners  in 
the  West  Country  are  the  most  interesting, 
and  at  times  they  wax  even  eloquent.     The 
example   of    Ledbury  may   be   cited   as  a 
specimen.      First,  the   number  of  commu- 
nicants, "  houseling  people,"   is  entered  as 
640.  The  stipendiary  priest,  aged  fifty-four, 
is  a  man  of  good  conversation,  and  daily  occu- 
pied in  teaching  children  grammar,  and  he 
ekes  out  his  living  with  the  little  rewards  of 
the  friends  of  the  scholars.  The  town  of  Led- 
bury, a  poor  place,  finds  the  school  a  source 
of  gain,  for  the  scholars  have  been  lodged 
and  boarded  in  the  town,  and  the  country 
round  about  has  profited  by  selling  victuals 
there.     The   poor  inhabitants  humbly  beg 
that  the  said  school  may  still  be  kept,  "  a 
charitable   deed,  if   so  it   may   please   His 
Highness."      A   half-free    scl.  ,ol    is    thus 
defined :  — 

"  that  is  to  say,  taking  of  scholars  learning 
grammar  8<7.  the  quarter,  and  of  others  learning 
to  read,  id.  the  quarter." 

But  there  is  matter  on  every  page  which 
lends  itself  to  quotation. 

As  to  the  importance  of  that  part  of  the 
material  which  is  here   for   the   first  time 
printed  there  cannot  be  two  opinions,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  introduction  on 
"English  Schools  at  the  Reformation "  will 
serve  to  correct  some  popular  errors.     It  is 
unfortunate,  however,  that  the  tone  which 
the  author  has  chosen  to  adopt  in  speaking 
of  the  work  of  his  distinguished  predecessors 
and  contemporaries  is  generally  ungracious, 
and  sometimes  violent.     Even  if  their  state- 
ments  are   as    faulty    as    he   would   have 
us  believe,  after   all  it  is  as  natural  to  be 
guided  by  the  works  of  previous  writers,  in 
the  absence  of  handy  original  authority,  as 
it  is  human  to  err.     Mr.  Leach  escapes  the 
one  frailty  by  the  nature  of  his  undertaking, 
which  is  to  explore  the  originals,  but  his 
knowledge  is  not  so  great  as  to  protect  him 
from   the   other.      Certainly  he  follows  no 
previous    authority  in   calling    Henry,   the 
brother  of    Stephen,   uncle  of   Henry   II. ; 
nor  when   he  states  that   schoolboys  were 
reading  "  Yalla  and   other    ancient    Latin 
authors."     It  is,  perhaps,  not  his  own  in- 
vention that  secular  canons  were  "ordinary 
clergymen    who,    like    the  canons  of    our 
cathedrals  now,  married  and  gave  in  mar- 
riage." We  do  not  know  by  what  law  these 
persons  were    exempted    from   the    canons 
which     attempted     to     enforce    sacerdotal 
celibacy.     Again,  we  do  not  know  on  what 
authority  Fox    is    called   head    master    of 
Stratford-on-Avon  Grammar   School.      Mr 
Leach's  allegiance  to  previous  authority  on 
the   question  of  the  purchasing    power  of 
money  is  wavering.      First  it  is  stated  to 
have  been  from  twelve-  to  twenty-fold ;  sub- 
sequently the  equations   are  based  on  the 
supposition  that  twenty-fold,  which  is  now 
generally  acknowledged  to  be  too  high  an 
estimate,  is  correct. 

Doubtless    there    has    been  some  hasty 
generalization  on  the  subject  of  the  good 


N°  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


273 


work  done  for  grammar  schools  under 
Edward  VI.,  but  does  the  generalization 
"Edward  VI.:  Spoiler  of  Schools,"  here 
repeated  as  the  title  of  a  chapter,  bring  us 
any  nearer  to  the  truth  ?  On  Mr.  Leach's 
own  showing  it  is  unjust.  The  small  part 
which  Edward  personally  could  take  in  the 
matter  is  one  of  the  points  on  which  Mr. 
Leach  dwells  in  exposing  the  errors  of 
others.  Another  is  that  the  Chantries 
Act  of  1  Edward  VI.,  had  it  been  exe- 
cuted in  accordance  with  its  design,  bid 
fair  on  the  whole  "  not  to  harm  the  schools." 
The  verdict  finally  pronounced  is  no  more 
severe  than  that  the  statesmen  of  Ed- 
ward VI.'s  reign  missed  a  great  oppor- 
tunity. There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that 
the  exchange  of  landed  endowment  for  a 
fixed  stipend,  which  did  so  much  in  the  end 
to  impoverish  schools,  was  deliberately 
planned  to  obtain  this  result. 

Mr.  Leach's  aim  seems  to  be  at  all  costs 
to  catch  attention  by  a  startling  declaration. 
Because  Edward  and  Somerset  and  the 
monks  have  had  more  than  their  fair  share 
of  acknowledgment  for  their  zeal  in  the 
cause  of  education,  henceforth  we  must 
believe  that  they  showed  no  zeal  at  all,  that 
Edward  robbed  schools,  that  Dudley,  not 
Somerset,  deserves  some  little  credit,  and  as 
for  the  monasteries,  "  certain  it  is  that  at 
the  period  with  which  we  are  concerned, 
monks  had  little  to  do  with  general  educa- 
tion and  less  with  learning."  Bridgwater 
gains  no  credit  for  maintaining  and  edu- 
cating thirteen  poor  boys,  because  the  priory 
was  merely  in  the  position  of  a  trustee,  as 
the  endowment  came,  not  out  of  the  general 
revenues,  but  out  of  rectories  appropriated 
to  the  priory  on  that  condition.  Extend 
this  principle,  and  the  monasteries  have 
little  to  do  with  feeding  and  clothing  their 
own  monks ;  they  merely  hold  lands  in 
trust  on  that  condition.  In  several  of  the 
certificates  the  schoolmaster  is  stated  to  be 
in  receipt  of  a  pension  out  of  the  posses- 
sions of  a  late  monastery,  which  may  mean 
that  many  monks  took  to  teaching  after  the 
dissolution,  or  may  point  to  an  earlier 
connexion  between  the  school  and  the 
monastery.  Mr.  Leach  questions  whether 
any  schoolmaster  can  be  named  who  was 
at  the  same  time  a  monk,  yet  he  himself 
quotes  the  stipulation  at  Manchester  School 
in  1525  that  the  master  "be  a  single  man, 
priest  or  not  priest,  so  that  he  be  no  re- 
ligious man,"  which  would  indicate  that 
the  founder  desired  to  avoid  the  danger  of 
having  a  monk  as  schoolmaster. 

The  tone  of  the  introduction  is  through- 
out not  that  of  the  historian  who  weighs 
his  judgments,  but  that  of  the  ready 
writer.  The  depth  of  Mr.  Leach's  his- 
toric insight  may  be  measured  by  a 
passage  in  which  he  describes  the  tenth 
century  revival  of  monasticism :  England 
was  "  seized  with  a  craze,  like  that  under 
which  the  Eastern  world  had  long  lain,  for 
celibacy,  fastings,  floggings,  and  other 
forms  of  self-torture  of  the  same  kind  as, 
and  perhaps  not  very  much  less  in  degree 
than,  the  fanatical  performances  of  Indian 
fakirs  now." 


Early  Essays  by  John  Stuart  Mill.     Selected 

from  the  Original  Sources  by  J.  W.  M. 

Gibbs.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
TnESE  selections  include  the  whole  of  Mill's 
small  volume  issued  in  1844  and  now  out 
of  print,  entitled  '  Essays  on  some  Un- 
settled Questions  in  Political  Economy,' 
together  with  a  number  of  contributions  to 
periodicals  between  1829  and  the  date  of 
the  '  Essays.'  Of  these  some  were  included 
in  'Dissertations  and  Discussions.'  There 
have  been  added  the  reviews  of  Tennyson's 
early  poems  and  of  Carlyle's  '  French  Ee- 
volution,'  neither  of  which  was  republished 
by  Mill  himself.  The  essays  included  in  '  Dis- 
sertations and  Discussions,'  now  also  out  of 
print,  Mr.  Gibbs  has  reprinted  from  the 
original  versions,  the  passages  that  Mill 
omitted  in  his  reprint  being  placed  within 
brackets.  As  appendices  there  are  given 
'Eemarks  on  Bentham's  Philosophy,  by 
E.  L.  Bulwer-Lytton  and  J.  S.  Mill '  (pub- 
lished in  a  book  of  sketches  called  '  England 
and  the  English,'  1833),  and  Mill's  letter  to 
the  Edinburgh  Review  (1844)  on  Bowring's 
'  Life  of  Bentham.' 

The  collection  is  decidedly  interesting, 
but  the  propriety  of  restoring  passages 
from  the  original  versions  in  the  case 
of  essays  deliberately  revised  for  publi- 
cation by  the  author  is  more  than  doubt- 
ful. The  passages  restored  are  some- 
times mere  references  to  the  aims  of  the 
periodical  in  which  the  essays  appeared  ; 
sometimes  they  are  what  Mill  evidently 
thought  over-hasty  expressions  of  opinion. 
A  passage  on  Hume  that  had  been  left  out 
of  the  republished  article  on  Bentham  will, 
however,  be  read  with  interest.  Hume  is 
there  called  "  the  prince  of  dilettanti"  and 
it  is  remarked  that  his  "absolute  scepticism 
in  speculation  very  naturally  brought  him 
round  to  Toryism  in  practice." 

Of  the  essays  on  political  economy 
the  last  ('On  the  Definition  of  Political 
Economy  and  its  Method')  was  well  worth 
reprinting,  but  we  are  not  sure  about  the 
first  four.  They  will  interest  professed 
students  of  economics,  but  they  are  rather 
technical,  and  have  not  the  general 
interest  which  is  common  to  all  the  other 
essays  in  the  volume.  The  remaining 
essays  are  on  '  Corporation  and  Church 
Property,'  'What  is  Poetry?'  'The  Two 
Kinds  of  Poetry,'  and  '  Democracy  and 
Government'  (in  the  appendix).  All  these 
deserved  republication,  both  for  their  own 
sakes  and  as  affording  indications  of  the  ideas 
— especially  political — that  Mill  was  after- 
wards to  develope  in  more  systematic  form. 
In  the  essay  on  the  '  Definition  of  Political 
Economy  '  the  reader  finds  the  general  view 
afterwards  set  forth  in  the  '  Logic ' — that  the 
peculiar  character  of  political  economy  is 
due  to  its  being  at  once  an  "  abstract " 
science,  dealing  with  hypothetical  results 
of  tendencies  that  never  act  alone,  and  a 
"moral"  science,  dealing  with  actions  con- 
sidered as  proceeding  from  motives.  Mill 
is  hero  also  striving  to  find  a  name  for  tbe 
science  that  has  since  been  called  sociology. 
He  suggests  "  speculative  politics  "  as  less 
opon  to  objection  than  anything  else, 
though  not  quite  satisfactory.  Political 
economy,  he  says,  is  "not  the  science  of 
speculative  politics,  but  a  branch  of  that 
scienco." 


Since  Mill  is  often  wrongly  regarded  as 
an  unqualified  adherent  of  laissez  /aire,  it  is 
interesting  to  quote  a  criticism  on  Turgot  in 
the  article  entitled  '  Corporation  and  Church 
Property.'  A  protest  is  there  made  against 
the  opinion  of  Turgot  and  the  French  philo- 
sophers of  his  time  that  foundations  and 
endowments  are  necessarily  useless  or  per- 
nicious. Mill's  comment  is  that  they  "  seem 
to  have  conceived  the  perfection  of  political 
society  to  be  reached,  if  man  could  but  be 
compelled  to  abstain  from  injuring  man." 
In  the  same  essay  of  1833  we  already  find 
Mill's  characteristic  view  about  minorities, 
and  the  peculiar  importance  of  securing  for 
them  means  of  expression  in  a  democracy. 
The  disapprobation  of  the  Government,  when 
the  constitution  is  popular,  "  means  the  dis- 
approbation of  the  majority;  and  where 
the  opinion  of  the  majority  gives  the  law, 
there,  above  all,  it  is  eminently  the  interest 
of  the  majority  that  minorities  should  have 
fair  play."  Another  idea  afterwards  made 
prominent  in  the  'Liberty'  is  to  be  found 
in  a  note  appended  to  the  article  on  'The 
Two  Kinds  of  Poetry,'  where  Mill  remarks 
that  "the  present  as  often  goes  amiss_  for 
lack  of  what  time  and  change  have  deprived 
us  of,  as  of  what  they  have  yet  to  bring." 
And,  in  the  article  on  Bentham  there  is  to 
be  found  already  a  very  strong  protest 
against  the  "  despotism  of  Public  Opinion," 
too  little  guarded  against,  as  Mill  thought, 
in  Bentham's  political  philosophy. 

The  reviews  of  Tennyson  and  Carlyle  will 
both  be  read  with  interest  now  they  are 
revived  ;  but  of  the  two  the  former  has  the 
more  permanent  interest.  It  is  noteworthy 
both  for  its  enthusiasm  and  for  its  re- 
ference at  the  end  to  what  Mill  evidently 
thought  the  weak  points  of  the  poet's  early 
work.  After  remarking  on  a  certain  in- 
equality of  thinking  power  to  poetic  endow- 
ment, he  goes  on  to  say  that  while  Tenny- 
son's power  of  painting  a  picture  was  almost 
perfect  from  the  beginning,  "his  powers 
of  versification  are  not  yet  of  the  highest 
order."  Whatever  may  now  be  thought 
of  these  criticisms,  it  cannot  be  said  that 
Mill  falls  under  the  condemnation  pro- 
nounced against  those  who  in  poetry  think 
differently  from  the  poets;  for  criticisms 
very  like  these  have  since  been  passed  on 
Tennyson  by  two  of  the  chief  among  his 
poetic  contemporaries. 

The  editorial  notes  occasionally  appended 
to  the  articles  are  useful,  but  in  one  case  we 
observe  an  error.  At  p.  241  there  occurs 
the  remark  that  Robert  Montgomery  was 
the  author  of  'The  Omnipresence  of  the 
Deity,'  and  that  this  book,  "published  in 
1S28,  reached  twelve  editions  in  as  many 
months.  His  '  Satan '  was  afterwards  very 
much  cut  up  by  Macaulay  in  the  Edinburgh 
Revieic."  It  was,  of  course,  the  first  of  the 
two  poems  that  was  "  cut  up  by  Macaulay  "; 
'Satan'  is  only  just  referred  to  at  the  end 
of  his  article.  There  is  also  a  mistake  in 
the  editor's  preface  where  ho  speaks  of  the 
'  Essays  on  some  Unsettled  Questions  in 
Political  Economy'  as  the  first  book  Mill 
published.  The  essays  were,  indeed,  all 
written  earlier  than  the  'Logic';  but  while 
they  wero  not  published  till  1814  (the  date 
given),  tho  'Logic'  was  published  in  1843. 
The  'Logic'  seems  to  have  been  the  first 
book  Mill  published  as  author,  and  not  as 
editor. 


274 


T  II  E     ATHKN/EUM 


N°3G18,  Feb.  27,  '97 


J  I        in    Ihf  MiddU  Ayes.     By  Israel 

Abrahams.  (Maomillan  A  I 
In  this  tho  first  volumo  of  "The  Jewish 
Library,''  edited  by  Mr.  Joseph  Jacobs, 
Mr.  Abrahams  tries  to  put  together  a  pi(  - 
turo  of  Jewish  social  life  in  tin*  .Middle  Ages, 
or  rather  from  the  tenth  to  tho  eighteenth 
century.  This  study,  as  Mr.  Abrahams 
says,  is  not  quite  original,  but  rather 
eclectic,  as  he  thus  states  at  the  beginning 
of  his  short  preface  : — 

"Though  I  have  everywhere  referred  to  the 
works  from  which  I  have  derived  incidental 
facts,  or  from  which  I  have  borrowed  quotations, 
there  are  three  writers  to  whom  I  should  like 
to  express  my  more  general  indebtedness.  The 
works  of  Dr.  M.  Giidemann,  Dr.  A.  Berliner, 
and  Mr.  Joseph  Jacobs  have  been  of  constant 
service  to  me.  One  thing  I  have  done  to  justify 
my  frequent  use  of  their  works.  1  hare  verified 
their  quotations  wherever  possible.  Indeed  I 
honestly  believe  that  not  five  in  a  hundred  of 
the  many  citations  made  in  the  course  of  the 
following  pages  have  been  set  down  without 
reference  to  the  original  sources.  Moreover, 
a  large  proportion  of  my  quotations,  and  almost 
all  my  citations  from  'Responsa,'  have  been 
made  at  first  hand." 

Since  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Abrahams' s 
book  the  first  volume  of  the  history  of  the 
Jews   in  Rome  by  Dr.  Vogelstein  has   ap- 
peared.   Dr.  Giidemann  arranges  his  highly 
valuable  work  ('  Geschichte  des  Erziehungs- 
wesen  und  der  Cultur  der  abendliindischen 
Juden   wiihrend   des    Mittelalters   und   der 
neuen  Zeit,'  3  vols.,  1883-1888)  according  to 
countries ;  Mr.  Abrahams  classifies  his  obser- 
vations according  to  subjects.    Thus,  after 
his  introductory  chapter,  he  begins  to  treat 
of  the  synagogue,  which  was  the  centre  of 
Jewish  life,  of  the  institution  of  the  Ghetto, 
of  the  home  life  and  social  morality,  of  the 
various  occupations,  of  the  amusements,  of 
the   personal  relations   between   Jews   and 
Christians.     Most  of  the  documents  in  these 
parts    Mr.    Abrahams    adduces    from    the 
immense  literature  of  the  '  Responsa,'  with- 
out   having    exhausted    the   matter.      Mr. 
Abrahams  has  done  what  he  could  in  making 
the  best  of   the   information  found  in  the 
rabbinical  compendium  of  'Responsa,'  but 
much,  and  perhaps  more  than  he  acquired, 
escaped  him,  since  he  had  no  opportunity 
of  searching  in  MSS.  or   in  rare  editions. 
To  give  an  example,  a  book  by  Abraham 
of  Rothenburg,  '  Sinai,'  may  be  mentioned, 
containing  interesting  information  concern- 
ing usages  in  religious  matters,  the  MS.  of 
which  is  to  be  found  in  the  Jews'  College, 
London.       Important     additions     to     Mr. 
Abrahams's   predecessors   who   worked   on 
the   same   subject  are  the   details  brought 
to    light    in   tho   volumes    issued    in   con- 
nexion  with   the    Anglo-Jewish   Historical 
Exhibition,    which    took    place    after    the 
publication  of  Dr.  Giidemann's  work.     The 
part  which  treats  of  the  media)val  schools 
will  be  read  with  considerable  pleasure;  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  Jews  in  all  parts  of 
tho  world  took  an  interest  in  all  branches 
of    science,    as     far     as     the     study    was 
allowed.      They  wrote  also  in  the  various 
vernacular  dialects  of  tho  countries  in  which 
they  lived,  besides  the  traditional  Aramaic. 
Here  our  author  fetches  from  far  what  lies 
near.     He  quotes,  for  instance,  •  Responsa ' 
for  showing  that  the  prophetical  lesson  for 
the  Day  of  Atonement — the  Book  of  Jonah 
— was    read   in   Greek    in    those    localities 


where  Ghreek  was  the  language  ordinarily  in 

A   pi..  !.  containing  tin-  ' 

text  in   uebrew  oharaoten  is  to  be  found 
in  tho  Bodleian  Library,  and  another  copy 

is  in  tho  University  Library  at  Bologna. 
And  this  is  mentioned  in  tho  •/<</■/>•/<  Quarterly 
/.'  '",  of  which  Mr.  Abrahams  is  the 
editor.  A  similar  instance  of  omission 
may  bo  detected  when  he  speaks  of  the  Pro- 
vencal vernacular.  There  is  no  mention 
of  tho  Provengal  romance  concerning  the 
history  of  Esther  composed  by  Crescas  of 
Caylar  (fourteenth  century),  a  fragment  of 
which  was  edited  from  a  Hebrew  MS.  in  the 
possession  of  tho  Chief  Rabbi  in  London, 
and  published  in  Romania,  vol.  xxix.  Impor- 
tant omissions  of  the  kind  occur  elsewhere. 
It  is  only  necessary  to  mention  the  astrono- 
mical instrument  made  by  the  famous  Levi 
ben  Gershom,  of  Bagnols,  which  helped  to 
the  discovery  of  America,  and  is  fully 
described  in  Renan's  article  in  the  '  His- 
toire  Litteraire  de  la  France,'  tome  xxxi. 
p.  G22,  sqq.,  quoted  in  other  pages  of  Mr. 
Abrahams's  book.  Concerning  the  praise 
and  blame  of  women  reference  ought  to 
have  been  made  to  the  many  pages  touch- 
ing on  the  subject  in  the  periodical  Isr. 
Letterhode.  All  these  omissions  are  pointed 
out  only  for  the  sake  of  rendering  more 
complete  a  second  edition  of  our  author's 
interesting  book,  which  there  can  be  little 
doubt  will  appear.  Many  second-hand 
quotations  will  then  probably  be  sup- 
pressed, and  originals  will  take  their  places. 
We  hope  also  that  the  'Responsa,'  which 
are  so  difficult  to  consult,  may  be  re- 
placed by  references  to  modern  books.  The 
two  indexes,  viz.,  1,  Hebrew  authori- 
ties ;  2,  general  index,  are  most  carefully 
elaborated. 


Domesday  Booh  and  Beyond.  By  F.  W. 
Maitland.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
The  advent  of  a  new  book  from  the  pen  of 
Prof.  Maitland  is  always  an  event  of  im- 
portance in  the  world  of  law  and  history. 
It  is  also,  happily,  a  frequent  one. 
As  one  of  that  small  —  that  painfully 
small — band  of  original  explorers  who  are 
striving  to  lighten  the  darkness  that  sur- 
rounds the  infancy  of  England,  he  stands 
out  in  striking  contrast  to  a  school  which 
finds  its  sphere  in  a  ceaseless  flow  of  com- 
pilations, a  school  against  which,  in  these 
columns,  a  protest  has  frequently  been 
raised.  It  is  the  work  of  such  men  as  Prof. 
Maitland  that  saves  in  continental  eyes  the 
credit  of  our  historical  scholarship,  which  but 
for  them,  it  is  to  be  feared,  would  rank  low 
indeed.  Nor,  it  may  be  said,  in  France  or 
Germany  would  the  precious  time  and  toil 
of  a  scholar  so  eminent  and  so  brilliant  have 
had  to  be  wasted  in  what  he  here  terms  the 
"  repulsive  work  "  of  counting  hides.  It  is 
simply  deplorable  to  think  of  the  work  Buch 
men  could  achieve  if  the  heavy  and  almost 
mechanical  labour  of  preparing  for  them 
the  facts  and  figures  were  done,  as  it  could 
be,  in  advance  by  those  minor  investigators 
whose  work  so  sadly  needs  to  be  organized, 
or  those  who,  in  competing  school-books, 
purvey  ancient  knowledge. 

Tho  "  three  essays  in  the  early  history 
of  England"  which  constitute  tho  sub-title 
of  this  work  are  respectively  devoted  to 
"Domesday  Book,"  "England  before  the 
Conquest,"  and  "The  Hide."     On  each  of 


them  much  might  be  Bald.      Wl,  rig 

before  him,  as  prominently  as  befits  a  "  pro- 
ir  of  the  laws  of  England,"  the  "  land- 
of  the  eleventh  century,  while  treating 
"mainly  of  the  things  of  the  law,  of  legal 
ideas    and    legal     forms,"   the    author    sees 
clearly  enough  that  it  is  in  the  finance,  not 
in  tho  law,   to  be  found   in   the  pages  of 
leeday  Book  that  students  must  seek  the 
key    to    many    mysteries,    not   only    of   the 
eleventh   century,   but  of   those  preceding. 
!!•    strikes  at  the  outset  the  right  note  by 
insisting  that  Domesday  is  "a  geld- book." 
From  this  axiom  he  advances  to  the  corollary 
that  the  distinction  it  draws  between  various 
classes  of   men  or  classes  of  tenements  is 
somehow    or    other     connected    with     the 
"  geld,"  and  thence  to  two  important  con- 
clusions.     First,    the    villanm  is    the   man 
whose  lord  is  responsible  for  the  geld  :  the 
sochemannus  is  responsible  for  his  own.     A 
new  terminology  was  necessitated  by  a  new, 
a    financial    distinction,    hence     the    term 
villanus,   which    merely   rendered  ianesman. 
The  second  conclusion  is  a  more  striking 
one.     What  is  the  manerium  of  Domesday? 
"  A  manor  is  a  house  against  which  geld  is 
charged."     This  view,  we  believe,  is  quite 
original :  it  is  of  brilliant  simplicity,  and  it 
is  likely  to  be  true.   The  reader  is  then  shown 
how  the  influence  of  the  "  geld"  acted  both 
directly  and  indirectly  in  the  depression  of 
that  class  which  represented  the  old  ceorls, 
the    free    cultivators.      Heavier,    perhaps, 
than  has    been    generally  realized,  it  was 
capable,  we  are  told,  of    transmuting  the 
face  of  society  by  the  strain  its  payment 
would  inflict  on  the  small  holders ;  while, 
indirectly,   the    new  classification  which  it 
introduced,  as  above,  tended  to  depress  the 
tenure  of  those  whose  lord  paid  it  for  them. 
The  trend,  it  will  be  seen,  of  this  argu- 
ment is  in  the  same  direction  as   that   of 
Prof.  Vinogradoff .    It  points  to  the  Norman 
Conquest  as  a  catastrophe,  or  perhaps  we 
should    say   a    catastrophic    stage    in    the 
"  depression"  of  a  free  peasantry.    Domes- 
day, it  is  urged,  actually  records  a  long  step 
in  the  downward  course  since  the  day  when 
Edward  was   "quick  and  dead";  and  that 
course  had  begun  long  before.    It  is  difficult 
for  the  student  of  the  great  record  to  free 
himself  from  the  influence  of  environment. 
Mr.   Seebohm   had   ever   before   him  "  the 
classic  fields  of  Hitchin ";    Frof.  Maitland 
is  clearly  influenced  by  the  Cambridgeshire 
evidence  in  general  and  that  of  Orwell  in 
particular.      Yet   the   latter,    it   is   fair  to 
add,    is   keenly   alive  to   this   danger :    he 
strives  to  keep  his  outlook  wide.     Still,  the 
sokemen  of    Cambridgeshire  and  the  East 
afford  him  his  strongest  evidence.     He  is 
not  content,  however,  with  working  back- 
wards from  Domesday.  Land-books  in  hand, 
he  works  downwards.     He  starts  from  the 
very   earliest   evidence,    and   shows   to   his 
readers  kings  granting  to  the  churches  vast 
tracts  of  land.     What,  asks  the  author,  did 
they  grant  ?     May  they  not,  in  fact,  have 
merely   conveyed    their   royal    rights   over 
land  held  by  free  cultivators  ?     Was  it  not 
a  mere  "  superiority  "  that  they  gave  ?   And 
if  we  accept  this  view,  "shall  we  not  be 
believing  that  so  far  as  English  history  can 
be  carried  there  is  no  age  before  '  feudal- 
ism'?"    It   is   a   daring   conception:    one 
calls  a  halt.     But  Prof.  Maitland,  pushing 
on,  discovers  in  the  action  of  the  churches, 


N°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


275 


both  as  grantees  and  as  tithe-owners,  a 
fateful  engine  of  depression,  supplemented 
later  by  the  geld.  Need  one  add  that  in 
all  this  he  is  in  collision  with  Mr.  Seebohm  ? 
He  always,  indeed,  has  his  "fenders"  out; 
but  a  collision  there  must  be.  And  so  for 
a  Eoman  villa  as  the  origin  of  the  later 
manor  is  substituted  the  original  settlement 
consisting  of  a  few  free  land-owning  ceorls, 
who  were  not,  however,  without  slaves. 

Mr.  Seebohm,  so  far  as  England  is  con- 
cerned, has  held  an  almost  Athanasian 
position  ;  but  his  many  critics  are  agreed  in 
admitting  the  extreme  ability  of  his  work. 
It  is  probable  that  Prof.  Maitland's  criti- 
cism is  the  most  formidable  it  has  yet 
encountered;  for  the  authorities  on  which 
it  relies  are  here  severely  handled.  The 
equation  of  the  English  and  the  Eoman 
"villa,"  which  always  struck  us  as  weak 
and  hazardous,  is  not  only  seriously  assailed 
in  these  pages,  but  prettily  satirized  in  one 
of  those  rare  touches  of  sarcasm  which 
the  author  allows  himself  in  this  volume: 
il  And  so  England  is  full  of  villas  which  are 
Eoman  and  satraps  who,  no  doubt,  are 
Persian." 

But  another  and  important  line  of  attack 
is  opened  up  by  Prof.  Maitland.  Mr.Eound 
had  urged  that  the  famous  "  virgate," 
Mr.  Seebohm's  sheet-anchor,  was  only  a 
secondary  term,  "a  term  of  relation,"  and 
that  "  the  original  unit  "  must,  therefore,  be 
the  hide.  The  professor  accepts  and  insists 
upon  this  view.  In  language  irresistibly 
suggestive  of  Gulliver,  he  divides  historians 
into  the  parties  of  the  "big"  and  the 
"little"  hide:  "our  whole  conception  of 
early  English  history  depends  on  the  choice 
•we  make."  Why  ?  Because,  to  express  it 
as  briefly  as  possible,  a  "big"  hide  of  120 
arable  acres  would  be  the  holding  of  a  free 
landowner;  the  "little"  hide  of  a  quarter 
its  size  would  be,  and  is  recognized  as,  the 
typical  servile  holding.  Such,  if  right,  are 
the  "important  results"  at  which  Mr. 
Eound  hinted.  The  author  finally  asserts 
confidently  that  the  fiscal  hide  of  Domesday 
contained  120  (fiscal)  acres,  that  its  con- 
ception was  derived  from  an  original  areal 
hide  of  120  arable  acres,  but  that  the 
ploughland  of  DomeBday  must,  for  the 
present,  remain  undetermined.  He  defi- 
nitely advances  the  theory  that  the  hidage 
assessed  on  a  district  was  connected  with 
the  value  of  its  land,  and  he  vigorously 
criticizes  the  evidence  of  'Fleta'  as  to 
ploughlands  of  160  and  180  acres,  over- 
looking, perhaps,  the  Eochester  evidence  as 
to  ploughlands  of  180  arable  acres. 

In  this  brief  summary  we  have  en- 
deavoured to  explain  some  of  the  chief 
points  in  these  notable  essays.  The  book, 
however,  is  one  that  needs  to  be  closely 
studied,  to  be  grappled  with.  The  modern 
Domesday  student  dances  upon  giddy 
hoights  ;  hut  surely  only  a  Cambridge  man 
'  OUld  attain  such  a  pinnacle  as  this  :  — 

"  A  certain  sub-district  has  —  hides  thrown 

a 

upon  it  ;  a  sub-sub-district  has  -j-;  but  this 
apportionment  is  obtained  by  combining  a  pro- 
position about  value  with  the  partitionment  of 
the  y  teamlands.  The  sub-sub-district  has 
/ih  hides,  because  V ,  teamlands  fall  to  its  share," 
Ac. 


It  may  be,  as  Prof.  Maitland  assures  his 
readers,  "  very  pretty";  but  to  the  average 
man  it  is  distinctly  chastening. 

We  would  gladly  dwell  on  the  author's 
brilliant  and  ingenious  argument  —  sug- 
gested, apparently,  by  Keutgen's  work— as 
to  the  origin  of  the  English  "borough." 
Advancing  here  from  the  position  that  its 
true  characteristic  is  found  in  its  "  tenurial 
heterogeneity,"  he  finds  in  the  peculiar 
position  it  occupies  on  the  pages  of  Domesday 
Book  evidence  of  its  origin  and  status.  And 
he  shows  us  further  how  a  document  which 
he  terms  "the  Burghal  Hidage"  reveals  a 
whole  system  of  local  military  defence.  This 
and  the  similar  "County  Hidage"  will 
henceforth  be  deemed  of  high  importance 
for  the  study  of  our  ancient  institutions. 
Attention  may  specially  be  drawn  to  the 
Worcestershire  evidence  as  eminently  clear 
and  satisfactory.  There  are  points,  no 
doubt,  in  the  author's  conclusions  which 
are  open  to  some  question ;  and  in  a 
few,  a  very  few,  cases  he  may  possibly 
be  mistaken ;  but  it  is  at  least  safe  to 
say  that  Domesday  students  owe  him  a 
real  debt  of  gratitude  for  his  perfect  and 
scrupulous  candour.  With  him  they  are 
absolutely  safe  from  that  fitting  of  facts  to 
theory  which  has  led  so  many  a  scholar 
cruelly  and  wantonly  astray.  The  author 
can  "revere"  even  those  who  have  done 
their  successors  this  wrong.  His  charity 
is  great. 

There  are  times  when  the  play  of  humour 
sparkles  even  in  these  pages  ;  but  it  cannot 
be  denied  that  the  Downing  Professor  has 
here  laid  on  men  a  task,  like  William's 
geld,  "exceeding  stiff."  Yet  he  also,  like 
the  great  Conqueror,  is  winning  for  himself 
a  realm— a  realm  carved  out  of  the  darkness 
which,  almost  alone,  he  has  explored.  He  is 
planting  the  standard  of  knowledge  ever 
further  and  further  in  advance,  and  he  sees, 
in  vision,  its  triumphs  in  the  hands  of  those 
who  are  to  come  ;  for  the  words  with  which 
he  closes  his  volume  are  words  of  hope. 


Occasional    Papers.     By    the    late    E.    W. 

Church.  2  vols.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
The  republication  of  articles  on  subjects  of 
current  interest,  originally  written  for  daily 
or  weekly  papers,  is  in  most  cases  a  some- 
what risky  experiment.  There  are  not  many 
writers  whose  reputation  can  bear  close 
contact  with  judgments  often  expressed  in 
a  hurry,  and  on  the  spur  of  the  moment, 
during  a  period  of  forty  years  or  more, 
"  loose  cards,  flung  daily  down,  and  not  the 
same  way  twice."  It  is  a  great  testimony 
to  the  sincerity  and  even  balance  of  the  late 
Dean  Church's  mind  that  in  passing  through 
these  papers,  which  cover  a  period  of  some 
forty-five  years  of  his  life,  and  are  not 
arranged  in  chronological  order,  the  reader 
is  nowhere  startled  by  discrepancies  or  dis- 
locations, whether  in  the  matter  of  judgments 
or  in  the  mode  in  which  they  are  expressed. 
The  only  possiblo  exception  that  we  can 
recall  is  tho  first  paper  hero  printed — the  first 
also,  as  it  happens,  in  order  of  date.  It 
is  a  review  of  Carlyle's  '  Cromwell,'  written 
for  the  Guardian  when  tho  writer  was  thirty 
years  old.  In  this  one  notices,  perhaps,  a 
slightly  more  pugnacious  tone  than  Church 
seems  ever  to  havo  again  adoptod,  as  well 
as  now  and  then  a  curious  echo  of  Carlyle's 


own  style,  as  unlike  as  possible  to  the 
limpid  and  equable  flow  characteristic  of  all 
the  rest  of  the  reviewer's  work.  After  this 
it  would  be  difficult  by  purely  internal 
evidence  to  assign  any  piece  to  any  par- 
ticular period  of  the  writer's  life.  The 
maturity  of  the  earlier  articles  is  matched 
by  the  freshness  of  the  later  ones. 

This  harmony  of  the  mind  with  itself  is 
given  to  but  few  men,  and  to  hardly  any 
whose  convictions  on  some  of  the  subjects 
which  divide  mankind  most  deeply  are  as 
strong  as  Church's  were.  When  it  does 
exist,  it  is  as  the  result  of  a  happy  combina- 
tion of  qualities.  A  keen  intellect  is  com- 
patible with  much  party  spirit  of  the  worst 
kind,  a  conciliatory  temper  with  bovine 
stolidity.  The  intelligence  which,  while 
detecting  the  gaps  in  an  adversary's 
armour,  is  sufficiently  under  restraint  to 
touch  them  with  weapons  that  leave  no 
smart,  is  a  rare  phenomenon;  but,  when 
recognized,  it  commands  both  respect  and 
affection.  One  so  keen  to  note  the  defects 
of  his  fellow  men  as  Mark  Pattison  could 
find  nothing  but  "  moral  beauty  "  in  Church, 
even  at  a  moment  when  Church  had  won 
the  fellowship  which  he  himself  was  bent 
on  obtaining. 

The  criticisms  of  a  man  like  this  on 
current  subjects  of  discussion,  particularly 
in  his  own  sphere  of  thought,  are  un- 
doubtedly worth  preserving;  but  those  here 
printed  deal  too  largely  with  ecclesiastical 
and  theological  matters  to  allow  of  their 
being  dealt  with  at  all  fully  in  these  columns. 
Where  politics  and  theology  meet,  as  in  the 
matter  of  the  Court  of  Final  Appeal,  Church 
is  thoroughly  on  his  own  ground.  The 
"  two  clever  young  men  of  strong  bias  and 
manifest  indisposition  to  respect  or  attend  to, 
or  even  to  be  patient  with,  any  aspect  of 
the  subject  but  their  own,"  who  in  1865 
edited  a  '  Collection  of  the  Judgments  of 
the  Judicial  Committee,'  would  probably 
appreciate  by  this  time  his  reminder  that 
they  were  handling  a  two-edged  weapon  :  — 

"Those  who  talk  about  the  Supremacy  ought 
to  remember  what  the  Supremacy  pretended  to 
be.  It  was  over  all  causes  and  all  persons, 
civil  as  well  as  ecclesiastical.  It  held  good 
certainly  in  theory,  and  to  a  great  extent  in 
practice,  against  the  temporalty  as  much  as 
against  the  spiritualty.  Why  are  we  to  invoke 
the  Supremacy  as  then  understood,  in  a  ques- 
tion about  courts  of  spiritual  appeals,  and  not 
in  questions  about  other  courts  and  other  powers 
in  the  nation  1  If  the  Supremacy,  claimed  and 
exercised  as  Henry  claimed  and  exercised  it, 
is  good  against  the  Church,  it  is  good  against 
many  other  things  besides." 

Church's  serenity  was  probably  reinforced 
by  his  historical  sense.  He  could  see  tho 
analogies  of  current  events  with  those  of 
the  past,  until  he  was  able  to  stand  no  less 
outside  of  the  present  and  regard  it  no  less 
dispassionately  than  any  student  of  history 
would  do  when  regarding  events  which  he 
cannot  have  had  any  hand  in  shaping.  In 
a  short  article  headed  '  Tho  Now  Court  — 
"his  last  utterance,"  says  his  daughter, 
"  on  any  distinctively  Church  question"— ho 
deals  with  "tho    claim    maintained"   (and 

sustained)   "by  the  Archbishop to   oito, 

try,    and  sentence  one  of   his  suffragans. 
Not  unnaturally  he  finds  it  "undoubtedly 
what  is   called  in  slang  languago  'a  largo 
order.'  "     (The  slang  is  good  Aristotle,  by 
tho  way.)     He  is   not  quite  clear  as  to  tho 


276 


T  HE     A  Til  HNiEUM 


N  :{«;is.  I'm..  27,  '97 


ultimate  origin  of  the  "groat  jurisdiction" 
i  laiiuod,  not  <juito  easy  as  to  tin-  possibilities 
wbioh  the  SUCCCSS  of  tho  claim  may  involve. 
Hut  tho  chief  interest  o!  "  the  present  pro- 
ceedings"  is    "that    tlioy  illustrate the 

way  in  which  great  spiritual  prerogatives 
grow  up  in  the  Church.-' 

"  Time  alter  time  the  necessity  arose  of  some 

arbiter  among  those  who  wire  themselves 
arhitors,  rulers,  judges.  Time  after  time  this 
necessity  forced  those  in  the  front  rank  into 
this  position,  as  being  the  only  persons  who 
could  he  allowed  to  take  it,  and  so  Arch- 
hishops,  Metropolitans,  Primates  appeared,  to 
preside  at  assemblies,  to  he  the  mouthpiece  of 
a  general  sentiment,  to  decide  between  high 
authorities,  to  be  the  centre  of  appeals.  The 
Papacy  itself  at  its  first  beginning  had  no  other 
origin.  It  interfered  because  it  was  asked  to 
interfere  ;  it  judged  because  there  was  no  one 
else  to  judge." 

This  is  tho  application  to  current  events 
of  the  historical  way  of  looking  at  things ; 
but  Church  had  the  converse  faculty  of 
bringing  past  history  and  the  actors  in  it 
into  a  "common  denominator,"  so  to  speak, 
with  the  events  and  the  men  of  modern 
experience,  a  faculty  perhaps  more  common 
in  historians  pure  and  simple  than  in 
theologians.  Take  this,  from  a  criticism 
of  his  predecessor  Dean  Milman's  '  Essays,' 
published  after  the  writer's  death  :  essays 
which,  as  he  says,  "  give  life  and  order  and 
consecutiveness  to  what  are  to  most  of  us 
the  rather  dry  bones  of  Eanke  ":  — 

"We  would  almost  venture  to  say  that  if 
the  truth  had  been  better  and  more  generally 
known  in  England  about  the  modern  religious 
history  of  the  Roman  Church,  if  the  Popes  had 
been  known  to  us  as  Ranke  has  shown  them, 
as  men,  often  interesting  men,  with  their 
human  good  and  evil,  instead  of  as  vague  general 
impersonations  of  some  ill-defined,  but  shocking 
wickedness,  we  should  not  have  had  so  much 
stupid  fanaticism  about  Popery,  but  neither 
could  the  dream  have  arisen  and  taken  root 
in  intelligent  minds  that  at  Rome  there  was  a 
divine  and  supernatural  system,  different  from 
all  earthly  ruling  and  statesmanship  in  its 
purity  of  purpose  and  its  heavenly  wisdom, 
which  made  the  communion  which  it  governed 
an  exception  to  all  the  ordinary  rules  of  ex- 
perience. If  people  had  duly  learned  that  the 
Popes  of  Rome  were,  as  statesmen,  not  very 
different  from  the  lay  statesmen  with  whom 
they  contended  or  allied  themselves,  and,  as 
ecclesiastical  authorities,  not  worse  than  the 
great  ecclesiastical  authorities  of  the  same  period 
in  England  or  Scotland,  it  would  not  have  been 
so  easy  to  fly  round  to  the  opposite  extra- 
vagance, that  they  are  something  infinitely 
better,  and  belonging  to  a  different  order  of 
things." 

When  one  comes  to  think  of  it,  the 
audacity  of  this  almost  takes  one's  breath 
away.  "Scarlet  Women,  if  you  like,  but  not 
1  singlo  men  in  barracks,  most  uncommonly 
like  you'";  ono  can  fancy  tho  chorus  of 
Gregories,  Bonifaces,  Innocents.  Admirably 
as  Church  could  expound  Dante,  this  is 
hardly  Dante's  manner. 

An  interesting  touch  of  personal  character 
occurs  at  the  end  of  a  review  of  Mr. 
Morison's  '  St.  Bernard.'  The  writer  evi- 
dently was  himself  one  of  those  who  in 
regard  to  that  eminent  saint  feel  a  "  jar 
between  the  unction  of  his  writings  and 
the  distractions  and  the  vigilant  and  all- 
embracing  energy  of  his  practical  lifo."  He 
concludes  tho  summary  of  Bernard's  cha- 
racter in  these  striking  words  : — 


"Ho  is  a  warning  to  all    Christian  explorers 

and  expounders  of  truth not  to  be  tempted, 

by  the  influence  which  their  work  in  retirement 
has  given    them,    into    those    entangling    and 

dillieult    paths    of    public    activity   fro.n    which, 

when  onoe  s  man  lias  entered  on  them,  it  is 

hard  to  draw  buck,  and  in  which  it  is  so  easy 
for  the  thinker,  the  divine,  the  teacher,  to  pass 

into  the  religious  partisan,  the  religious  manager 

and  meddler  and  contriver,  forgetting,  at  once 
in  the  purity  and  elevation  of  his  purpose,  and 
in  the  intoxication  of  success,  the  inherent 
snares  and  dangers  of  power  in  any  human 
hands." 

No  wonder  that,  with  these  views,  he  should 
practically,  if  not  formally,  have  refused 
the  Primacy. 

As  lias  been  said,  there  is  hardly  one  of 
the  papers  now  reprinted  which  does  not 
deal  with  Church  matters  in  one  form  or 
another ;  but  the  Dean  wrote  many  political 
articles.  The  Eastern  Question  — which, 
after  all,  is  not  entirely  devoid  of  an  eccle- 
siastical element — interested  him  greatly  ; 
and  he  was  familiar  with  Italian  matters. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Miss  Church  may  see 
her  way  to  compiling  another  volume,  which 
will  perhaps  appeal  to  a  somewhat  wider 
public  than  the  papers  here  reprinted. 


AUSTRALIAN   FICTION. 

Too  many  have  found  West  Australia  to  be  a 
land  of  fiction  ;  it  remained  for  Mr.  Hume  Nisbet 
to  show  that  it  could  be  a  region  for  romance, 
although  its  sandy  plains  seemed  to  afford  little 
scope  except  for  tragedies.  Three-fourths  of 
The  Sivampers:  a  Romance  of  the  Westralian 
Gold- Fields  (White  &  Co.),  are  filled  with 
murders,  burglaries,  and  hairbreadth  escapes 
in  New  South  Wales  ;  comparatively  little  re- 
lates to  West  Australia.  The  scenes  are,  like 
most  of  Mr.  Nisbet's,  forcibly  enough  painted 
and  of  considerable  interest  ;  but  none  of  his 
heroes  or  heroines  presents  a  single  good  trait 
in  their  composition.  We  have  had  occasion  to 
notice  this  imperfection  in  some  of  Mr.  Nisbet's 
former  works,  and  hope  that  in  future  he  may 
try  his  hand  at  delineating  a  decently  conducted 
person.  It  would  seem  that  our  author  does  not 
intend  ever  to  revisit  New  South  Wales. 

Critics  are  prepared  for  surprises  in  Australia, 
but  really  the  idea  that  Capt.  Cook  met  with  a 
phantom  ship  off  the  coast  of  Queensland,  whose 
ghostly  sailors  were  able  to  throw  a  material 
boomerang  with  an  inscription  on  it  in  an 
extinct  language,  of  which  a  translation  could 
only  be  made  in  Germany,  is  too  great  a  strain 
upon  human  credulity.  Still  less  are  readerslikely 
to  believe  that  the  "Fishers  of  Moreton  Bay  " 
continue  at  intervals  to  appear.  Australia  is 
too  practical  and  prosaic  in  its  nature  for  any 
such  nonsense.  Mr.  J.  D.  Hennessey,  the 
author  of  An  Australian  Bush  Track  (Sampson 
Low  &  Co.),  can  write  effectively  enough,  how- 
ever. Dorna  Stoneham's  journey  through  the 
wilds  is  well  described  and  with  considerable 
humour.  These  are  the  best  chapters  in  his 
book.  Our  fortunate  explorer  rivals  Monte 
Cristo  in  the  possession  of  gold  and  diamonds. 
He  concludes  by  forming  a  limited  liability 
company,  which  he  floats  in  London,  but  he 
evidently  is  not  at  home  in  the  City  ;  he  has  no 
idea  of  the  greed  of  the  modern  "promoter." 

Mr.  Nat  Gould  is  already  favourably  known 
as  a  sporting  writer.  In  Town  and  Ihish  (Rout- 
ledge  &  Sons)  he  has  given  to  his  readers  a 
series  of  amusing  gossiping  sketches  not  only  of 
the  turf,  but  of  political,  social,  and  domestic 
life,  written  in  a  good  spirit  with  fairness  and 
vigour.  He  is  an  enthusiast,  but  stAtes  his 
grounds  for  his  views.  Wo  can  cordially  com- 
mend this  little  book  ;  it  is  replete  with  useful 
information,  and  is  too  short. 

There  is  considerable  literary  ability  in  the 
sketch     of     society    and     politics     in     Sydney 


entitled     The    Sin     of    AngtU,    by    the    author 
of      '  A     "Vicar's     Wife  '     (Methuen     <fc     ('■ 
The      picture     is     clearly     drawn     from     life, 
and     is     by    no      means     calculated      to     please 
colonial  susceptibilities.       Under    the    guue    <-f 
depicting  the  characters  of  a  brother  and  sister 
(the    one    a   labour    member    of    the    legial  . 
assembly,  the  other  an  ambitious  girl),  the  story 
carries  the  reader  through  a  very  detailed  account 
of  the  life  of  today  in   New   S   nth  Wales, 
especially  of  its  chief  city.     In  itself  the  story 
is  good,  though  not  agreeable,  and  there  is  if, 
little   art    in    the    telling   of    it.       'The    Sin   of 
Angels  '  will  well  repay  perusal. 


OF.NEALOOICAL    LITERATURE. 

The  second  instalment  of  The  Parvsl  B 
of  Dcdtton,  Cumberland,  edited  by  the  Rev. 
James  Wilson,  M.A.  (Dalston,  Beck),  begins  iu 
1679  and  ends  in  1812,  when  Rose's  Act  came 
into  force  and  registers  were  placed  under  the 
control  of  Parliamentary  law.  We  are  glad  to 
see  the  good  work  of  printing  all  such  records 
advancing,  and  hope  that  the  time  is  not  far  dis- 
tant when  we  shall  be  able  to  obtain  any  register 
we  may  happen  to  want  in  convenient  b 
form.  If  only  as  a  precaution  against  occasional 
carelessness  in  their  custodians,  of  which  many 
stories  are  told — not  to  speak  of  risks  from 
damp  or  fire — this  ought  to  be  done.  Rarely, 
however,  have  we  met  with  parish  registers 
less  likely  to  be  useful  to  genealogists,  or  so 
barren  of  antiquarian  interest.  Until  Paley 
became  vicar,  indeed,  all  the  entries  seem  to 
have  been  made  by  men  bent  on  performing 
their  task  as  quickly  as  possible,  with  the 
result  that  after  one  generation,  or  at  most 
two,  had  passed  away,  these  entries  must  have 
been  absolutely  worthless  for  purposes  of  identi- 
fication. "  Dorothy  of  John  Atkinson  of  1) 
ton  "  or  "  Margaret  of  Richard  Brown  "  tells 
us  nothing  but  that  some  babies  called 
Atkinson  and  Brown  were  baptized  ;  and 
"John  Simpson  and  Anne  Hodgson"  im- 
perfectly informs  us  of  a  wedding.  These 
persons  were  probably  what  one  of  the  vicars 
styles  "labourers  in  husbandry,"  who  were 
never  likely  to  be  wanted  as  heirs  to  wealth  ; 
but  what    shall  we    say    of  "  Ponsonby,    son 

of "  ?   words  which,  as    Tennyson  has    itr 

never  found  their  "earthly  close."  Some  of 
the  vicars  make  no  mention  of  the  month  and 
day  of  the  month  when  a  marriage  or  burial 
took  place.  Their  spelling,  too,  was  not  on  a 
high  level,  and  yet  when  anything  had  to  bo 
registered  that  seemed  to  require  a  veil,  they 
were  always  able  to  clothe  their  facts  in  Latin. 
Dalston  showed  the  laxity  of  the  period  with 
regard  to  "  carrying  infants  to  church,"  i.  c, 
having  them  promptly  baptized.  Illegitimate, 
or,  as  the  register  calls  them,  "spurious" 
children  seem  to  hare  been  baptized  much  more 
quickly  than  legitimate.  Even  the  vicars  them- 
selves do  not  always  seem  to  have  been  in  a 
hurry  "to  make  Christians "  of  their  children. 
Occasionally  slighting  mention  is  made  of  what 
Mr.  Wilson  speaks  of  as  "  that  marriage  scandal 
which  used  to  be  so  prevalent  in  the  Border 
counties  and  usually  known  as  '  Gretna  mar- 
riages.'" Between  1678  and  1690  there  are, 
of  course,  the  customary  entries  "  buried 
in  woollen."  Mr.  Wilson  has  performed  his 
work  as  editor  well  and  carefully,  and  the  book 
has  been  printed  satisfactorily  by  one  of  his 
parishioners. 

Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  13*7-1330.  (Stationery 
Office.) — We  have  to  praise,  as  before,  this 
admirable  Calendar,  and  to  express  our  satisfac- 
tion at  the  fact  of  which  the  preface  reminds  us, 
that  Mr.  Stevenson,  who  is  responsible  for  its 
text,  has  received  from  Oxford  University  a 
well-deserved  honour.  His  note  in  the  "Corri- 
genda "  that  "  Ovemastmathefeld  "  preserves  for 
us  the  Middle-English  uvemestc  illustrates  tho 
keenness  of  his  eye  for  philological  matters.  It 
must  frankly  be  confessed  that  so  many  of  the 


N°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


277 


"  plums  "  on  the  rolls  of  these  three  years  have 
already  been  printed  in  the  '  Foedera  '  that  they 
can  hardly  be  expected  to  add  much  to  our 
general  historical  knowledge.  But  for  local 
and  family  history  their  value,  as  usual,  is  great. 
One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  new  reign  was  to 
reduce  the  "  ferm  "  of  London  and  Middlesex 
from  400/.  to  the  time-honoured  3001. ;  and  we 
here  find  the  concession  made  retrospective  in 
favour  of  the  late  sheriffs.  It  should  be  noted, 
as  the  point  is  difficult,  that  neither  James 
Butler,  created  Earl  of  Ormond  in  1328,  nor 
his  father  Edmund  is  styled  Earl  of  Carrick  in 
these  pages.  We  select  for  special  mention  an 
entry  in  August,  1328,  because  it  has  an  im- 
portant bearing  on  a  controversy  waged  in  our 
columns  some  two  years  ago.  It  was  then 
pointed  out  that  a  document  discovered  by  Mr. 
Joseph  Bain  had  carried  back  the  office  of 
champion  at  the  king's  coronation  to  the  acces- 
sion of  Edward  III.,  when  it  was  discharged  by 
the  tenant  of  Scrivelsby.  But  here  we  have 
the  Crown  reciting  an  inquisition  according  to 
which  Tamworth  Castle  (the  seat  of  the  rival 
claimants)  was  held  "  by  the  service  of  coming 
to  the  king's  coronation  armed  '  universaliter  ' 
with  royal  arms  of  the  king's  livery,  sitting  upon 
the  king's  principal  destrier,  and  offering  to 
make  proof  for  the  king  against  all  withsaying 
the  king's  coronation."  The  document  with 
which  this  should  be  compared  is  "  Privy  Seals, 
1  Edw.  III.,  file  3."  The  admirable  index  of 
this  volume  extends  to  some  260  columns,  and 
its  compilers  are  rarely,  if  ever,  at  fault.  But 
the  priory  of  "La  Seke,"  which  has  baffled 
them,  is  simply  that  of  Sele,  Sussex.  The 
queerly  named  "honour  of  Hagenet "  might 
also,  we  think,  have  been  identified.  A  "  mayor" 
of  Colchester,  who  occurs  in  this  index,  is  a 
disquieting  apparition  ;  but  in  this  case,  and 
probably  in  those  of  some  other  towns,  one  can 
see  how  the  slip  was  made.  We  suspect  that 
the  "  Robert  of  Stephen  "  of  whom  the  four- 
teenth century  Thomas  de  Carren  was  "cousin 
and  heir  "  was  no  other  than  Thomas  Fitz 
Stephen,  so  prominent  in  the  conquest  of  Ire- 
land under  Henry  II.  ;  but  this  in  no  way 
impugns  the  absolute  correctness  of  the  text. 

The  Genealogist.  New  Series.  Vol.  XII. 
(Bell.) — Under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  Forsyth 
Harwood,  this  old-established  magazine  con- 
tinues to  maintain  its  high  standard  as  the 
organ  of  genealogical  research.  The  present 
volume  completes  Mr.  G.  \V.  Watson's  learned 
papers  on  the  "seize quartiers  "  of  the  kings  and 
queens  of  England,  and  Mr.  Barron's  edition  of 
the  Parliamentary  Roll  of  Arms.  Mr.  Metcalfe 
continues  Harvey's  Wiltshire  visitation  of  1505, 
and  Mr.  J.  W.  Clay  his  valuable  annotated  and 
extended  visitation  of  Yorkshire  by  Dugdale. 
The  critical  genealogist  is  represented  by  Mr. 
J.  A.  C.  Vincent's  'A  Bristol  Ancestor  of  the 
Dukes  of  Somerset,'  and  by  notes  on  the  origin 
of  the  families  of  Thynne,  Lindsay,  and  Le 
Poher.  General  Wrottesley  continues  his  use- 
ful 'Pedigrees  from  the  Plea  Rolls';  and  the 
lists  of  '  Funeral  Certihcates '  and  of  wills  and 
administrations  in  the  Court  of  Delegates  are 
welcome.  Mr.  Round's  paper  on  '  Faramus 
of  Boulogne '  illustrates  the  close  connexion 
between  England  and  the  Boulonnais  in  the 
twelfth  century.  The  volume  contains  as  an 
appendix  a  large  instalment  of  the  parish  re- 
rs  of  Street,  co.  Somerset,  and  has  for 
frontispiece  an  illustration  of  the  fine  seal  of 
William  Erskine,  Archbishop  of  Glasgow. 


iHi;  LITERATURE  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 
Tiik  hardships  of  peasant  life  in  the  Mid- 
lands half  a  century  ago  are  forcibly  described 
in  the  earlier  chapters  of  A  Village  Politician 
I  her  Qnwin).  This  little  volume,  edited  by 
Mr.  J.  C.  Buck  master,  purports  to  set  forth 
"the  life-story  of  John  Buckley."  and  Mr. 
Mundella,  M.P.,  in  a  brief  introduction,  s< 
iliat   the    author   is    "a    practical    and    active 


worker  in  all  social  and  educational  effort " 
whom  he  has  known  for  many  years.  It  is 
implied  that  the  book  is  an  accurate  autobio- 
graphy, except  that  "  changes  in  names  and 
places  "  have  been  made  in  order  "  to  prevent 
a  too  personal  identification."  We  fail  to  see 
any  advantage  in  this  partial  concealment.  The 
friends  of  "John  Buckley  "  will  probably  have 
no  difficulty  in  recognizing  him,  and,  had  he 
publicly  taken  on  himself  responsibility  for  all 
his  statements,  he  would  probably  have  framed 
them  more  carefully.  The  first  third  or  half  of 
the  narrative  is  interestingand  well  put  together. 
It  recounts  the  painful  experiences  of  the  writer, 
who  was  born  in  1820,  through  his  childhood 
and  youth,  for  a  few  years  as  a  farmer's  boy  and 
afterwards  as  a  carpenter's  apprentice.  The 
country  parson  who  taught  him  to  read  and 
write,  the  village  shoemaker  who  took  him  to 
Radical  meetings,  and  others  by  whose  in- 
fluence he  profited  in  ways  not  intended  or 
desired  by  them,  are  sketched  with  some  skill 
and  humour.  These  chapters  are  welcome  addi- 
tions to  the  small  store  of  first-hand  informa- 
tion about  the  condition  of  the  working  classes 
in  times  more  trying  than  the  present,  of  which 
Samuel  Bamford's  '  Early  Days '  is  the  best 
example.  What  follows  is  less  satisfactory. 
"John  Buckley  "  improved  his  social  position, 
and  became  a  much  more  important  member 
of  the  community  when  he  threw  aside  his  car- 
penter's tools  and  took  to  lecturing  on  the  Corn 
Laws  and  assisting  at  Parliamentary  elections. 
But  this  part  of  his  "life-story  "  is  clumsily  and 
incoherently  told.  His  later  occupations,  in 
furthering  "with  marvellous  energy  and  suc- 
cess," as  Mr.  Mundella  says,  "the  growing 
cause  of  popular  education,"  are  not  here 
chronicled. 

Mr.  William  Reeves  publishes  the  second 
part  of  The  Annals  of  Toil,  by  Mr.  Morrison 
Davidson,  which  deals  with  the  years  1381- 
1G49,  dwelling  much  on  the  Wat  Tyler  and 
Jack  Cade  insurrections,  and  less  perhaps  on 
the  Elizabethan  legislation  than  we  should  have 
expected  from  the  author.  Mr.  Morrison 
Davidson,  in  his  account  of  the  period  of  the 
Civil  Wars,  takes  the  side  of  the  Levellers 
against  Cromwell,  and  says  that  they  were 
Social  Democrats  who  found  the  liberal 
"piously-unscrupulous  capitalistic  crew"  "a 
good  many  degrees  more  unbearable  than 
Charles  Stuart  and  the  feudal  aristocracy." 
This  end-of-the-nineteenth-century  way  of  look- 
ing at  the  Civil  Wars  is  not  without  amuse- 
ment for  the  reader  ;  but  there  is  something 
in  it,  and  Col.  Lilburne,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, although  an  Anarchist  (as  we  should 
say)  both  before  and  after  his  brilliant  military 
service,  was  an  excellent  officer  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary cause.  Mr.  Morrison  Davidson  draws 
a  parallel  between  the  oratory  of  Cromwell  and 
that  of  Mr.  Gladstone,  the  closest  point  of 
resemblance  being  that  each  of  these  great 
masters  of  speech,  according  to  our  author, 
has  been  able  to  "become  absolutely  incom- 
prehensible at  will." 


OUR  LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Sir  George  Clarke  edits,  and  Mr.  John 
Murray  publishes,  The  Defence  of  the  Empire, 
being  a  collection  of  some  of  the  letters  and 
speeches  of  the  late  Lord  Carnarvon,  which 
chiefly  concern  coaling  stations.  They  are,  of 
course,  well  known  to  all  students  of  the  sub- 
ject, and  are  now  somewhat  out  of  date.  A 
letter  to  the  Times  of  1886  on  the  abandonment 
of  Port  Hamilton  receives  a  fresh  interest  at 
this  moment  from  the  fact  lately  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Henry  Norman  in  a  magazine  article,  that 
Admiral  Fremantle  repeatedly  telegraphed, 
while  in  command  of  the  China  station,  to  be 
allowed  to  occupy  Chusan,  thus  showing  that 
the  navy  have  come  round  to  the  view  that  a 
station  is  necessary  north  of  Hong  Kong.  The 
advance  on  the  part  of  Russia  which  Lord  Car- 


narvon prophesied  eleven  years  ago  is  taking 
place,  and  is  apparently  not  being  met  by  any 
step  of  the  nature  of  those  which  he  thought 
necessary. 

Mr.  Reginald  Statham  publishes,  through 
Mr.  Fisher  Unwin,  South  Africa  as  It  Is,  a 
volume  which  is  more  friendly  to  the  natives 
than  most  South  African  literature,  and,  indeed, 
in  many  points  hostile  to  the  Chartered  Com- 
pany and  its  enterprises.  There  is  told  at  the 
end  of  a  chapter  called  "The  Charter  at  Work  " 
the  story  of  a  raid  in  1891  on  the  Portuguese 
territories.  The  author  charges  "  Cape  Colony 
officials,  responsible  to  Mr.  Rhodes  as  Premier," 
with  arming  Gungunhana  against  the  Portu- 
guese. 

Some  of  the  papers  by  Miss  Milman  collected 
under  the  title  of  Through  London  Spectacles 
(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.)  originally  appeared  in  the 
Spectator.  They  are  not  bad  specimens  of 
occasional  articles  for  a  newspaper.  In  their 
place  they  would  (properly  enough)  be  called 
bright.  They  are  written  in  an  easy  style,  they 
begin  well,  and  they  are  ornamented  with  many 
literary  allusions  and  quotations  from  favourite, 
authors.  Commonplace  reflections  are  easily 
pardoned  in  newspaper  articles,  and  a  newspaper 
reader  is  rather  grateful  for  familiar  quotations 
that  he  may  safely  skip.  But  the  reader  who 
takes  up  a  book  is  apt  to  consider  a  little  more 
curiously,  and  resents  what  he  would  pardon  in 
a  newspaper.  The  author  of  '  Through  London 
Spectacles '  has  occasion  to  mention  Sterne's 
'Sentimental  Journey,'  and  asks,  "Who  has 
not  read  that  book  and  condoned  its  faults  of 
propriety  for  the  sake  of  its  singular  and  extra- 
vagant excellences?"  One  feels  injured  at 
being  asked  so  poor  a  question.  A  page  or  two 
further  on  the  author  says,  "I  console  myself 
with  David's  lamentation  over  Jonathan  and 
Saul,  and  murmur,  too  low  for  scoffers  to  over- 
hear, '  How  are  the  mighty  fallen  !  '  "  If  so 
trite  a  quotation  must  be  made,  it  might  at  least 
be  given  without  explanation.  Here  is  a  de- 
scriptive introduction  to  a  paper  on  the  Temple 
Gardens  :— 

"The  Thames  Embankment  at  Westminster,  when 
the  moon  is  full the  long  array  of  lamps  re- 
flected in  the  dark  tide  outlining  river  and  bridges 
in  a  subtly  diminishing  perspective,  the  ceaseless 
traffic  momentarily   obscuring    the   lights   on    the 

bridges presents  a  picture  that  can  be  equalled 

in  no  other  part  of  London." 

A  moment's  consideration  should  have  con- 
vinced the  author  that  "subtly  diminishing 
perspective  "  is  a  phrase  that  means  nothing, 
and  only  the  hurry  of  journalism  can  excuse  the 
flatness  of  the  conclusion,  though  it  is  true 
enough  that  the  picture  could  not  be  equalled 
by  the  Serpentine  or  the  lake  in  Battersea  Park. 
The  book  has  not  been  ransacked  to  find  such 
passages  as  these.  There  are  too  many  of  them. 
In  preparing  her  pages  for  publication  in  book 
form  the  author  should  have  struck  them  out. 
The  matter  is  too  diffuse.  Still  the  papers  show 
a  good  deal  of  skill,  a  pleasant  liking  for  good 
literature  without  any  very  great  appreciation  of 
it,  and  considerable  industry. 

James  Boswell,  by  Mr.  W.  Keith  Leask,  in 
the  "  Famous  Scots  Series  "  (Oliphant,  Anderson 
&  Ferrier),  is  an  unpretentious  but  satisfactory 
life  of  Johnson's  famous  biographer.  In  this 
small  volume  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  pages 
ample  information  is  to  be  found  about  the  life 
and  loves,  the  successes  and  failures,  the  clever- 
ness and  the  weaknesses  of  James  Boswell  of 
Auchinleck.  Mr.  Leask,  though  himself  an 
enthusiastic  Scot,  has  written  with  rare  im- 
partiality. No  attempt  is  made  to  exaggerate 
Boswell's  obvious  good  qualities  or  to  conceal 
his  still  more  obvious  eccentricities.  Mr.  Leask 
considers  that  Boswell's  art  as  a  biographer  was 
"in  selecting  the  '  characteristical '  and  the 
typical  to  group  and  dramatise."  We  have  so 
often  discussed  the  seemingly  complex  ohanu 
of  Boswell  ami  the  work  which  lias  unmortali 
his  name  that  it  is  unnecessary  on  the  present 


278 


T  II  E     AT  I!  E  \.K  D  M 


ooc  laion  to  return  to  the  Bubjeet.     Mr.  I. 
volume  appeui    to    be    uogularlj    free    from 
errors,  though  we  notioe  a  w  ouraoyon 

p.  11-'.  It  was  net  .Mr.  Gladstone,  but  Mr. 
Disraeli,  at  thai  time  the  leader  of  the  Bouse, 
who,  in  proposing  a  rote  of  thanks  to  Sir 
Robert   Napier,  spoke  of  thai  offioer  "having 

planted  the  standard  of  St  <; ge  upon  the 

mountains  of  Rasselas." 

\N  i:  mention   /.'<    Lang       .<,,,..■    /.,,  < 
glyph  it  (Paris,  Heymann),  from  the  pen  of  M. 
Smile-Soldi,  not  because  it  is  truly  learned,  but 

because    there    are    great    numbers    of    renins 

interested    in    the   symbol  languages  of  early 

religions,  to  whom  the  cuts  of  this  plentifully 
illustrated  volume,  and  of  those  which  are  to 
follow  it  in  a  series,  may  be  useful.  The  author 
has  worked  immensely  hard,  and  covers  the  most 
extensive  field,  but  he  is  not,  we  fear,  enough 
of  a  scholar  to  be  able  thoroughly  to  place  his 
knowledge  or  to  avoid  the  dangers  which  every 
writer  must  run  in  dealing  with  so  wide  a  sub- 
ject, even  if  he  be,  as  a  fact,  learned  in  some 
one  branch  of  it.  It  would  require  a  school 
full  of  great  scholars  properly  to  perform  the 
task  which  M.  Soldi  has  taken  upon  his  own 
shoulders. 

Messrs.  C.vssell  &  Co.  publish,  under  the 
title  Are  Wc  Ruined  by  the  Germans  ?&  reprint 
from  the  Daily  Graphic  of  the  excellent  reply 
to  Mr.  Williams  by  Mr.  Harold  Cox. 

M.  Guiraud  has  written  an  appreciative  and 
yet  critical  monograph  on  the  great  historian 
Fustel  de  Coulanges  (Hachette). 

Witling's  British  and  Irish  Press  Guide 
(Willing)  is  an  excellent  handbook,  convenient 
in  size  and  arrangement,  as  well  as  low  in  price, 
which  we  have  frequently  had  occasion  to  praise! 

Messrs.  Service  &  Paton  have  issued  in 
their  "Illustrated  English  Library"  The  Last  of 
the  Barons.  Mr.  Pegram's  cuts  are  clever  and 
careful,  but  we  are  a  little  doubtful  of  the 
correctness  of  his  armour.  The  edition  is  sin- 
gularly cheap. 

To  that  pretty  collection  of  reprints  the 
"Temple  Classics"  (Dent)  the  Morte  d' Arthur 
and  Bacon's  Essays  have  been  added. 

We  have  on  our  table  Across  Greeidand's  Ice- 
Fields,  by  M.  Douglas  (Nelson),—  A n  Outline  of 
the  Doctrine  of  Thomas  Carlyle :  being  Selected 
and  Arranged  Passages  from  his  Works  (Chap- 
man &  Hall),— Stories  of  the  Ccesars  from 
Suetonius,  edited  by  H.  Wilkinson  (Macmillan), 
— The  Organist  and  Choirmaster's  Diary  1897 
compiled  by  R.  H.  Baker  (Low),— Compressed- 
Axr  Illness,  by  E.  Hugh  Snell  (Lewis),— Men- 
suration for  Beginners,  by  F.  H.  Stevens  (Mac- 
millan),— TheMoney-Spinner,  by  H.  S.  Merriman 
and  S.  G.  Tallentyre  (Smith  &  Elder),— The  Rosy 
Cross,  and  other  Psychical  Tales,  by  M.  Sandeman 
(Roxburghe  Press),- Cot  and  Cradle  Stories,  by 
C.  P.  Traill,  edited  by  Mary  A.  Fitzgibbon 
(Low),  —  bons  of  Freedom,  by  F.  Whishaw 
(Nelson),—  The  Spirit  of  Storm,  by  R.  Ross 
(Methuen),— The  Tantalus  Tour,  by  W.  Parke 
(Bellairs),—  Aleph,  the  Chaldean,  by  E  F  Burr 
(Ohphant,  Anderson  &  Ferrier).  —  The  Story  of 
Florence  Nightingale,  by  W.  J.  Wintle  (S  S  U  ) 
—The  Turn  (f  the  Tide,  by  the  Author  of  '  Once 
for  All  (Women's  Printing  Society)  —  The 
Story  of  Hannah,  by  YV.  J.  Dawson  (Hodder 
&  Stoughton),  -  Poetns,  by  R.  Loveman 
(Lippincott)  —  The  Strike,  and  other  Poems, 
by  G.  B.  Hewetson  (Putnam),  —  The  Magic 
Key  by  I.  Willcocks  (Digby  &  Long),  _ 
God  the  Creator  and  Lord  of  All,  by  S  Harris 
D.D.,  2  vols.  (Edinburgh,  T.  &  T.  Clark),— A 
Critical  Dism  to.  ion  on  the  Athanasian  Creed, 
t,7  s  !>•  ,N  •  Ommanney  (Oxford,  Clarendon 
Press),  — A,  Modern  Reader's  Bible :  The  Kings, 
edited  by  R.  G.  Moulton  (Macmillan),-  Foca&tt- 
Zaire  Anglais,  by  G.  de  la  Ouesnerie,  Parts  I.  to 
5J"  (o/U'1S'  •  Lalsn°y).  —  Saint  August  in  et  le 
mo-Ilato>usm<;  by  L.  Grandgeon'e  (Paris 
Leroux),  —  L'Anrrfe  de    Clarisse,    by   P.   Adani 


X  3618,  Fi.ii.  27,  '97 


(Paris,  <  Ollendorff),     /      1/  a       .  by 

Hugu<     LeRoux(Pai      I.  .  .        1         .„,  PhUo- 
■  i   Thiologien,  by   F.  Pica*  I     Pari  i,  [m- 
primerie  Rationale),— and  .1/7.,  ., ,  by  M,  D 
(Alexandria, G.  Jaoquemod  Figli).   Among  New 

Editions    we   have    The    D%\  I 

or,  Quid*  to  the  Spiritual  Life,  by  John  Baptist 
Scaramelli,  S.J.,4  7ols.(Washbourne),-  // 

"/  ll"    I  .  by  the  Chevalier  Ran 

(Paisley,   Parians),  —  and    A    Treatise   on   Ori 
Deposits,    by    J.    A.   Phillips,   rewritten    and 

greatly  enlarged  by  H.  Louis  (Macmillan). 


LIST  OF  NKW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology, 


Craufurds  (Rev.  A.  H.)  Christian  Instincts  and    Modern 

Doubt,  Essays,  cr.  fevo.  6/  cl. 
Mutton's  (W.  H  )  The  Church  of  the  Sixth  Century   6/ cl 
Lee  li CO.  S  )  The  Shadow  Christ,  an  Introduction  to  Christ 

Himsell,  l2mo.  'J  0  cl. 
Modern  Hi -ader's  Bible  ;  Isaiah.  16ntO.  2/ti  cl 
Smith1!  (Bev.    P.   D  )   Parsons   and    Weavers,  a  Study   in 

Lancashire  Clerical  Work.  cr.  8vo.  3/  >  el 
Texts  and  Studies:   Vol.  5.  No.  1,  Apocrypha  Anecdota,  by 

M.  K.  James,  Hvo.  7/6  net. 
Vailing*!  (J.  P.)  The  Holy  Spirit  of  Promise,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 
Greek  Papyri,  Series  2,  edited  by  B.  F.  Grenfell  and  A.  S 

Hunt,  4 to.  12/rinet. 
Ramsay's  (VV.  M.)  The  Cities  and   Bishoprics  of  Phrvzia 

Vol.  1,  Part  2,  oVo.  21/  net.  ' 

Way  of  the  Cross,  a  Pictorial  Pilgrimage  from  Bethlehem  to 

Calvary,  4 to.  8/6  cl. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Campion's  (T.)  Fifty  Songs,  ed.  by  John  Gray,  8vo.  15/  net. 
Castles  (E.J.)  Shakespeare,  Bacon,  Jonson,  and  Greene   a 

Study,  royal  8vo.  10/6  net. 
Field's  (B.)  Songs  of  Childhood,  imp.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Keble's  (J.)  Christian  Year,  cr.  Svo.  2/6  cl.     (New  Library  ) 
Meredith's  (G)  An  Essay  on  Comedy  and  the  Uses  of  the 

Comic  Spirit,  cr.  8vo.  5/  net. 

History  and  Biography. 

Fea's  (A.)  The  Flight  of  the  King  :  Escape  of  Charles  II 
after  Battle  of  Worcester,  8vo.  21/  net. 

Garrett  (E.)  and  Edwards's  (E.  J.)  The  Story  of  an  African 
Crisis,  the  Jameson  Kaid,  3/6  cl. 

Groesleck's  (T.)  The  Incas.  the  Children  of  the  Sun  with 
Preface  by  C.  F.  Markham,  royal  8vo.  10/6  cl 

Harris's  (JR.  and  H.  B.)  Letters  from  the  Scenes  of  the 
Hecent  Massacres  in  Armenia,  cr.  8vo   6/  cl 

Hartwright's  (H.)  The  Story  of  the  House  of  Lancaster  9/ 

Lejeune,  Baron,  Memoirs  of,  translated  from  the  Fieuc'h  bv 
Mrs.  A.  B.  N.  O'Anvers,  2  vols.  8vo.  24/  cl. 

Murray's  (G.)  A  History  of  Ancient  Greek  Literature   6/  cl 

Story  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  160>5-1623,  as  told  by  Them- 
selves, edited  by  E.  Arber,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Folk-lore. 
Crooke's  (W.)  Popular  Religion  and  Folk-lore  of  Northern 
India,  2  vols.  8vo.  21/  net. 

Science. 

Marcet's  (W  )  A  Contribution  to  the  History  of  the  Respira- 
tion of  Man,  imp.  8vo.  12/6  cl  «»»•» 

Neville's  (H.)  Students'  Handbook  of  Practical  Fabric 
Structure,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Rentoul's  (R  R.)  The  Causes  and  Treatment  of  Abortion, 
ovo.  1 0/6  cl. 

Rothwell's  (C  F.  S)  The  Printing  of  Textile  Fabrics,  a 
Practical  Manual,  8vo.  21/ cl. 

Smicr  Vvo'  ml*1*  CalCU'"9  f0r  E"gineers  and  Physicists, 

ste§Y^,ilo^ff  ze  t}°c; Sma" Yachts-'  Kxam>,es 

TiIdpract(ica.,f2LM10n/Uc.!    °f   Chemi3try'   The°retiCal  ™* 
Trowbridge's  (J.)  What  is  Electricity  ?  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Black's  (W.)  Wolfenberg,  cheap  edition,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl 
Bullock  s  ( P.  S.)  Ring  o'  Rushes,  ltimo.  2/  cl 
Chapters  on  the  Aims  and  Practice  of  Teaching,  edited  bv 
F.  Spencer,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl.  y 

Chevr-illon's  (A.)  Romantic   India,   translated  by  W    Mar- 
chant,  8vo.  7/6  net.  J        ' 
Cleeve's  (Lucas)  The  Water-Finder,  cr.  8vo  3/rt  cl 
Dawe's  (W   C.)  Kakemonos.  Tales  of  the  Far  East,  3'6  net 
Descendant,  The,  a  Novel,  cr.  Hvo   6/  cl 
Dewe's  (Rev.  J.  A.)  New  Thoughts  on  Current  Subjects,  5/ 
1  uryeas  (A   S.  P.)  Sir  Knight  of  the  Golden  Pathway   5/ 
Forster  s  (J.)  From  Grub  to  Butterfly,  cr.  8vo  6/ cl 
Gardiner's  (L.)  The  Sound  of  a  Voice,  cr.  8vo   6/  cl  ' 
Harraden's  (B  )  Hilda  Strafford  and  the  Remittance  Man 

cr.  Hvo.  .i/h  cl. 
Kennard's  (Mrs.  E.)  The  Girl  in  the  Brown  Habit  8/6  cl 
Keimedvs  (H    A  )  A  Man  with  Black  Evelashes,  S/tfol.  ' 

HlJSJ WWYM™  r4"'  Tve  ^ohl,i"n  "f  l><M>>">e.  a  Novel,  6/ 
Nisliet  s  (II.)  Mv  L'ive  Noel,  cr.  Hvo    2    hdl 

O'Qradya  (S.)  The  Flight  of  the  Eagle,  cr.  8vo  6/cl 

Orpi  u  s  (Mrs.)  Perfection  City.  cr.  Hvo   6/  cl 

Peanh»?^T-HLi)  Ti,e,Mirrfor,u,R,s  of  BlP»>««»'  Khodmlaphne, 
illustrated  by  F.  II    Townsend.  cr.  Svo   3'ricl 

"t  ire'"'?  Sro  8/8  01°°'  y,u'e"-  aStory  of  Strange  Adven- 
Raymond's  (W.)  Charitv  Chance,  cr.  Svo   ti/ cl 
Smeaton  KO.)  Our  Laddie,  or.  Sto  67  ol      ' 
Bpel«hf.(T.  W.)  The   Master  of  Tienanee,  a  Mid-Century 

Romance,  cr.  Hvo.  3  ti  cl.  J 

St  imson's _( F.  J  )  King  Noanetl .  a  Story  of  Devon  Settlers  in 

Old  \  irginia,  &c  .  cr.  Svo.  fi/  net 
upward!  (A  )  The  Prince  of  Balkiatan,  cr  8ro.  8/  bdi 
Warden  s i  (1-loreiicc)  A  I.ady  in  Blaok,  cr  870.  8/6  cl. 
Wood  s  (K.  B.)  Quotations  for  Occasions,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl 


POMXOV. 

'9V' 
inn   Ml,     st    Pauluj  u.  St.  Jacobus  ub   die  H>ci 
I  -■>). 

Saste   (J.   U).    In.titutionej    Theologica-    d«    SacramentU 
Beelnl  <■.  Vol   I,  wm. 

•m. 
^'"!/  orexlUache  Jahweprophetie  u.  der  MetiUj 

2m.  ' 

Lme. 
Prledbarg   (K.>  i      Die    Qanooei  -  Sammlungen     z»iichea 
Oratlan   .    Berno  ird  i    Pavla,  18m. 
i:  .ii,  in  ■   WUIgothorura  PragmenU  ex  C<xlice  Palimp- 
Kccle»ia  ,  ed.  Krgta   HiitorUa 
em  ,ii    i  au.i,  Sin. 

Philosophy . 
Reiche  (A  ):   Die   kiinstleri.cliiM,  :t.  u# 

!.•  bent  An-    h.niiiiig  d^»  (Jregor  v.  Nyssa,  lm. 
lOnolei  'I  .,  .   IJer  Niel/.sehe-Kulun.  2m. 
J/nlory  and  Biography. 
Murat    (Comte):     Murat,    Lieutenant    de    l'Kmi.ereuren 

i  It  B0. 

WeUchinger  (II.) :  Le  Roi  de  Rome,  16: 1 

Geography  ani  Travel. 
Poncins  (Vicomte  K.  de) :  Chaises  et  Exploration!  dani  la 
Region  des  Pamirs,  15m. 

Science. 
Oettel  (F.) :  Elektrochemische  L'bungsaufgaben,  3ra. 
Pospichal  (K):     Flora  des   osterreichischen  Kustenlandea. 

Part  I . 

General  Literature. 
Beauvoir  (R.  de):  Annuaire  illustre  de  l'Armee   Fran^Ue 

pour  1897,  lfr.  50. 
Bourget  (P.)  i  Recommencements.  3fr.  ' 
Hervieu  (P.):  La  BCMise  Parisienne,  3fr.  50. 
Laforest  (D.  de) :  Messidor,  3fr.  50. 
Lovenjoul  (Vicomte  de  S.  de) :  La  Veritable  Hlstoire  de  '  Kile 

et  Lui,' 3fr.  50. 
Pouvillon  (E.)  :  L'Image,  31  r 


GEORGE  FREDERICK  WATTS.  R.A., 

ON   THE   EIGHTIETH   AVXIVERSARY   OE   HIS    BIRTH, 

February  23,  1SP7. 
High  thought  and  hallowed  love,  by  faith  made 
one, 
Begat  and  bare  the  sweet  strong-hearted  child, 
Art,  nursed  of  Nature  ;  earth  and  sea  and  sun 

Saw  Nature  then  more  godlike  as  she  smiled. 
Life  smiled  on  death,  and  death  on  life  :  the  Soul 
Between   them  shone,   and  soared  above  their 
strife, 
And  left  on  Time's  unclosed  and  starry  scroll 

A  sign  that  quickened  death  to  deathless  life. 
Peace  rose  like  Hope,  a  patient  queen,  and  bade 

Hell's  firstborn,  Faith,  abjure  her  creed  and  die; 
And  Love,  by  life  and  death  made  sad  and  glad, 
Gave  Conscience  ease,  and  watched  Good  Will 
pass  by. 
All  these  make  music  now  of  one  man's  name, 
Whose  life  and  age  are  one  with  love  and  fame. 
Algernon  Charles  Swinburne. 


MISS  KINGSLEYS   'TRAVELS   IN   WEST  AFRICA." 
100,  Addison  Road,  Kensington. 
I  should  esteem  it  a  great  favour  if  you  would 
permit  me  to  make  in  your  columns  a  few  re- 
marks on  your  most  kind  review  of  '  Travels  in 
West  Africa.' 

The  present  is  a  very  unpleasant  time,  owing 
to  the  morbid  state  of  opinion  regarding  women's 
work,  for  any  student  who  happens  to  be  a 
woman  to  come  before  the  public.  I  make 
no  pretensions  to  being  a  traveller  ;  I  am  an 
ethnologist  who  believes  that  the  best  way  of 
studying  one's  subject  is  to  go  and  work  at  the 
material  of  it  in  a  native  state,  instead  of  relying 
entirelyon  information  from  untrained  observers, 
who,  however  truthful  they  may  be,  are  liable 
to  fail  to  give  sufficient  time  to  the  consideration 
of  the  less  striking  points  in  native  customs, 
and  thereby  fail  to  grasp  and  report  the  most 
important  point  in  them,  the  underlying  idea. 
As  my  visiting  West  Africa  has  brought  down 
on  the  ladies  there  resident  the  disparaging 
remarks  of  your  reviewer,  I  must  combat  his 
statements,  and  assure  you  that  the  wives  of  the 
officials  and  missionaries  aud  traders  who  are 
resident  there,  not  for  their  own  pleasure  or 
instruction,  but  from  the  noble  motive  of  duty 
to  their  husbands,  do  not  lead  either  an  easier 
or  a  safer  life  than  I  do  in  the  bush.  It  is  far 
more  dangerous  to  health  in  West  Africa  to 
remain  in  one  place,  however  comfortable  the 
surrounding  conditions  may  be,  than  to  wander 
far  and  wide  in  the  forest,  however  uncomfort- 
able the  surrounding  conditions  may  be  there  ; 


N°  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


279 


and  when  the  residential  lady  is  the  wife  of  a 
missionary  at  such  places  as  Lerabarene  or  Tala- 
gouga,  with  little  children  of  her  own  to  see  to, 
domestic  affairs  to  carry  on  with  only  the  aid 
of  natives  quite  unused  to  white  culture,  and 
the  moral  and  physical  strain  constantly  on  her 
of  a  large  school  of  native  girls,  she  has  an  in- 
finitely harder  time  and  task  than  I  ever  had 
in  the  most  remote  regions  of  Africa  my  studies 
have  ever  compelled  me  to  live  in  ;  and  I  should 
be  ashamed  to  grumble  over  my  inconveniences 
and  worries  when  away  from  a  white  station  in 
the  face  of  my  knowledge  of  the  cheerful  and 
helpful  way  Madame  Jacot,  Miss  Mary  Slessor, 
and  Madame  Forget  deal  with  their  surrounding 
circumstances,  or  in  the  face  of  the  equally 
creditable  behaviour  under  difficulties  of  hun- 
dreds of  women  who  have  never  left  England 
in  their  lives. 

There  is,  however,  a  point  of  greater  general 
interest  in  your  reviewer's  authoritative  contra- 
diction of  my  statement  that  the  African  has 
never  made  an  even  fourteenth-rate  piece  of 
cloth,  &c.  I  am  well  acquainted  with  the 
various  cloths  he  mentions,  and  have  a  collection 
of  them  ;  but  being  a  lady,  I  am  also  acquainted 
with  the  velvets,  brocades,  chintzes,  muslins,  and 
gauzes  produced  by  European  and  Asiatic  looms, 
and  feel  I  should  still  have  been  well  within  the 
truth  if  I  had  said  fortieth-rate  instead  of  four- 
teenth. The  African,  besides  making  cotton 
cloths,  makes  them  of  bark  and  grass,  excel- 
lent of  its  kind,  and  in  the  Kassai  region 
of  much  real  beauty ;  but  I  doubt  whether 
one  would  be  justified  in  saying  that  these 
cloths  were  equal  to  those  of  the  same  type — 
the  Polynesian  tappa.  The  African's  pottery  is 
quite  as  good  as  can  be  expected  without  the 
employment  of  the  potter's  wheel,  which  he 
would  have  invented  if  he  had  had  sufficient 
mechanical  sense.  This  mechanical  deficiency 
of  the  African  mind  seems  to  me  an  imjjortant 
point,  and  one  that  requires  studying,  so  I  ven- 
ture to  insist  on  it,  and  ask  your  reviewer  if  he 
would  really  feel  inclined  to  face  European 
society  in  a  suit  made  from  any  sort  of  African- 
made  cloth  he  has  ever  seen.  The  African's 
rhetoric,  his  manners,  his  honesty — taken  in 
their  higher  developments — do  not  require  of 
his  advocate  the  plea  that  they  are  very  good 
for  an  African.  In  these  things  he  will  pass 
muster  with  any  other  race. 

There  is  but  one  other  statement  I  should 
like  to  dwell  on,  and  that  is  that  the  old 
coasters  were  of  a  "lower  type"  than  those 
men  at  present  working  on  the  Coast.  I  have 
often  heard  it  before,  but  have  never  been  able 
to  accept  it  fully,  because  I  have  had  the  honour, 
both  in  '92,  '93,  and  '95,  of  meeting  and  knowing 
several  of  these  old  coasters  quite  well  enough 
to  know  that  they  could  never  have  been  any- 
thing but  a  credit  to  their  country.  Capt. 
Boler  of  Bonny,  himself  a  devout  Wesleyan, 
but  at  the  same  time  a  great  supporter  and  help 
to  Bishop  Crowthcr,  and  a  man  honoured  and 
respected  by  all  men,  black  and  white,  who 
knew  him  ;  Capt.  Buchan  ;  Mr.  Newberry  ; 
Major  Parminter  ;  Mr.  Coxon  ;  Mr.  Newton  of 
Loanda  ;  Mr.  Joachim  Monteiro,  whose  book 
on  Angola  is  and  will  remain  one  of  the  best 
books  on  Africa  ever  published  ;  and  Mr.  For- 
shaw,  I  have  had  the  honour  of  knowing  per- 
sonally quite  well,  and  they  are  represented  in 
their  courage  and  charity  and  sobriety  among 
the  young  men  who  are  coming  on,  but  I  know 
these  young  men  would  no  more  relish  being 
praised  at  the  expense  of  their  forerunners  than 
I  relish  being  praised  at  the  expense  of  the 
missionary's  wife.  Mary  H.  Kingsley. 

***  We  meant  no  disparagement  to  the  wives 
of  missionaries,  officials,  or  traders.  We  merely 
stated  the  fact  that  they  seldom  go  far  from 
their  comfortable  homes.  This  is  perfectly  true 
of  the  great  majority,  although  there  are 
exceptions,  and  to  those  mentioned  by  Miss 
Kingsley  we  could  add  some  others. 


The  cloths  made  by  Africans  are  well  adapted 
to  the  country  in  which  they  are  intended  to  be 
worn ;  but  it  does  not  necessarily  follow  that 
because  they  are  suitable  wear  in  Africa  they 
could  be  used  in  England,  nor  did  we  think  of 
saying  so. 

Half  a  century  or  more  ago  there  were 
traders  (long  since  dead)  on  the  coast  who 
could  neither  write  nor  speak  the  Queen's  Eng- 
lish correctly,  and  whose  manners  and  habits 
would  not  pass  muster  in  a  drawing-room.  How 
could  it  be  otherwise  when  the  terrible  mor- 
tality of  those  days  not  infrequently  raised 
boatswains,  carpenters,  coopers,  &c,  to  the 
position  of  agents  for  rich  firms  ?  They  had 
not  been  accustomed  to  the  responsibilities 
which  accidentally  devolved  upon  them,  nor  to 
having  at  their  disposal  large  quantities  of 
merchandise,  including  spirits,  and  consequently 
they  often  abused  their  power ;  still  some  of  them 
proved  able  and  competent  traders,  and  were 
maintained  in  positions  which  they  had  not  been 
educated  to  fill.  Men  of  refinement  were  then  the 
exception.  The  gentlemen  mentioned  by  Miss 
Kingsley  are  (or  were)  all  that  Miss  Kingsley 
describes  them  as  being,  and  we  have  no  desire 
to  praise  the  present  generation  at  the  expense 
of  their  predecessors  ;  we  simply  stated  what 
is  within  the  personal  knowledge  of  most  old 
West  Coasters.  We  praised  the  late  Mr. 
Monteiro's  book  highly  when  we  reviewed  it. 


BARBOUR'S 


BRUCE'  AND  THE  DISPUTED 
'LEGENDS.' 


The  original  attribution  of  the  '  Legends  of 
the  Saints '  to  John  Barbour,  made  by  the  late 
Mr.  Henry  Bradshaw  and  adopted  by  Prof. 
Horstmann,  the  primary  editor,  was  first 
rejected  by  Dr.  Buss,  and  received  the  finishing 
touch  of  demolition  by  British  authority  at  the 
hands  of  Prof.  Skeat,  followed  without  fresh 
discussion  by  Dr.  Metcalfe,  the  latest  editor. 
The  rejection  was  grounded  upon  contrasts  in 
rhyme  and  vocabulary  apparent  from  a  com- 
parison with  'The  Bruce.'  The  chief  propo- 
sitions of  fact  were  :  (1)  that  in  '  The  Bruce  '  e 
with  a  guttural  or  after-sound  never  rhymes 
with  e  pure,  whilst  in  the  '  Legends  '  it  does  ; 
(2)  that  '  The  Bruce  '  has  but  one  assonance, 
"Bretane,"  to  rhyme  with  "hame,"  whilst  in 
the  '  Legends '  there  are  very  many  ;  and  (3) 
that  there  are  numerous  and  important  differ- 
ences of  vocabulary.  The  inference  was  that 
Barbour  could  not  have  written  the  '  Legends.' 

The  first  proposition  when  examined  gets 
reduced  to  the  by  no  means  formidable  dis- 
tinction that  e,  eye,  fle,  flee  or  fly,  and  he, 
high,  rhyme  in  '  The  Bruce  '  with  e  guttural, 
whereas  in  the  '  Legends  '  and  the  Troy  frag- 
ment published  along  with  them  by  Dr.  Horst- 
mann they  rhyme  both  as  guttural  and  pure. 
There  is  no  eccentricity  in  this,  and  perhaps 
the  proposition  itself  is  affected  by  the  fact  that 
there  is  a  large  body  of  precedent  for  fle  being 
correctly  rhymed  as  e  pure.  Early  poems  such 
as  '  Sir  Tristrem  '  habitually  use  it  so.  A  ten- 
dency to  ignore  some  etymological  discrimina- 
tions and  confound  such  rhymes  was  no  novelty 
at  the  close  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The 
second  proposition  might  not  be  far  from  true 
if  the  boundary  line  of  assonance  were  harder 
and  faster  than  I  conceive  it  is.  But  in  any 
case  it  is  only  fair  to  note  that  all  the  manu- 
scripts and  early  editions  of  'The  Bruce'  agree 
in  giving  two  lines  ending  in  "  Cowbane  "  and 
rhymed  with  "  name  "  (xviii.  410,  431).  Again, 
however,  there  is  no  eccentricity  ;  other  poets 
than  Barbour  in  his  time  found  assonance 
frequently  convenient.  The  third  proposition 
is  certainly  true,  but  here,  as  in  the  whole  argu- 
ment, enough  attention  has  not  been  bestowed 
on  the  fact  that  a  long  translation  on  a  widely 
changed  theme  would  infallibly  expand  and 
alter  very  greatly  any  author's  vocabulary.     The 

inference  itself — that  a  poet  using  assonances 
in  a  national  epic  only  once,  or  thrice,  in  1375, 


could  not  possibly  have  given  way  to  the  tempta- 
tion many  times  in  1390  or  thereabouts,  when 
towards  the  close  of  his  days  engaged  on  a  tedi- 
ous taskwork  for  local  recital  in  church,  and, 
as  he  describes  himself,  old,  infirm,  and  in 
trouble  of  eyesight — is  a  very  large  one  indeed, 
to  which  the  logician  of  every-day  life  will  be 
slow  to  give  his  adhesion.  The  poetical  equip- 
ment for  an  original  but  simple  buoyant  Scottish 
story  might  well  prove  exceedingly  inadequate 
without  much  forced  expansion  for  an  extended 
hagiological  exercise  in  almost  literal  transla- 
tion. The  case  against  Barbour  shrinks  under 
criticism  to  very  thin  dimensions.  The  Buss- 
Koppel- Skeat -Metcalfe  rhyme -inference  fails 
because  it  proceeds  on  the  erroneous  assumption 
that  Barbour  was  a  purist  in  his  rhymes,  because 
it  rests  on  characteristics  not  uncommon  with 
other  poets  of  Barbour's  time,  and  therefore  not 
distinctive,  and  because  it  is  in  itself  inconse- 
quent. For  a  real  crux  something  better  must 
be  sought  out,  some  inherent  quality,  whether 
of  vice  or  virtue,  individualistic  if  possible,  and 
organic. 

The  unfortunate  thing  is  that  the  argument 
for  Barbour  has  never  been  fully  set  forth.  Prof. 
Horstmann  apparently  has  never  restated  at 
large  the  excellent  general  reasons  which  he 
advanced  in  1881.  The  sketch  of  the  claim  for 
Barbour  given  in  the  prefaces  to  Prof.  Skeat's 
'  Bruce  '  and  Dr.  Metcalfe's  '  Legends  '  was  in 
each  case  cursory  to  a  degree  and  coloured  by 
the  hostile  opinion  with  which  it  closed.  All 
that  need  here  be  said  is  that  not  a  few  facts 
and  allusions  in  the  'Legends,'  personal  to  the 
author  and  relative  to  Aberdeen  and  its  saint, 
harmonize  admirably  with  the  Barbour  theory, 
although  admittedly  not  amounting  to  substan- 
tive proof.  It  is  a  question  for  internal  evi- 
dence, a  very  weighty  part  of  which  is  a 
general  similarity  of  language  and  an  identity 
of  metre  and  style.  A  few  weeks  ago  an 
entirely  new  factor  was  brought  forward  (see 
Scottish  Antiquary,  January,  1897,  for  full 
statement),  importing  a  very  different  measure 
of  applicability  into  these  general  considera- 
tions. It  has  now  been  shown  that  the  curious 
tale  of  Macdougall  of  Galloway  and  his  minstrel 
Jack  Trumpour  in  the  legend  of  St.  Ninian  has 
the  corroboration  of  actual  charter  by  Mac- 
dougall to  John  Trumpour,  confirmed  by 
David  II.  in  1365.  The  tale  is  a  contribution 
of  the  poet's  own,  "a  ferly,"  he  says,  "that 
in  my  tyme  befel."  Turning  on  the  wars  of 
Scotland  and  England,  it  concerns  an  exploit 
which  may  be  assigned  approximately  to  1355. 
Being  an  original  piece  of  biography  of  a  soldier 
interjected  into  the  translation  of  the  life  of  a 
saint,  it  reveals  individuality  most  clearly.  An 
ardour  of  Scottish  patriotism  flashes  for  a  moment 
on  the  interminable  record  of  intolerable  virtue 
and  inconceivable  miracle  as  the  poet  sings  of 
arms  and  men.  The  narrative  displays  an  abso- 
lute correspondence  of  general  idea  and  par- 
ticular phrase  between  the  Galloway  adventure 
of  the  legend  and  two  Galloway  incidents  in 
'The  Bruce,'  combined  with  some  virtually 
identical  lines  such  as  the  following  :  — 

1.  And  hardy  vas  of  hart  and  hand. 

'Leg.,-  si.  (Ninian)  819. 
That  hardy  vies  of  hart  and  hind. 

'  Bruce,'  i.  28. 

2.  That,  thai  mycht  eunie  one-  hytne  thane 
And  tak  hytne  but  skath  of  nune. 

•  Leg.,'  xl.  833. 

And  vald  cum  on  thanio  Buddanly 

Vith  few  meim'  mycbl  Boyn  thame  scath 

And  jliet  eschape  vithoutcn  rath. 

'  Bruce,'  vii.  808. 

3.  That  thai  mycht  nocht  do  be  mveht 
Thai  schupe  thaiinc  forlo  do  be  si  vent. 

'Leg.,'  xl.  889  ;  op.  xix.  441-2. 

Sehapis  tliaim  to  do  with  slyel.t 
That  at  thai  drede  to  do  with  mveht. 

'  Bruce,'  ii.  .'!-'l  ;  op.  i.  69T,  v.  988,  vii.  1.'!.  ix.  860, 


'The 

Call.. 

both 
verb 


Bruce'  has  but  one  mist,  and  that  one  in 
way:  just  80  with  the  'Legends.'  \n.l 
rise  at  the  dramatic  moment  with  the  same 


•is,, 


THE     ATJIKX.KCM 


4.  Bo4  mjats  rm  in  ■>!(•  d  . 

Tlmi  iimir  in. ..hi   i  itaofl  iMste  ae. 

■  Ltg.,'  \! 

my»t  in  to  tin-  mornyng  f.-ii 

.s^.i  tW  Him  inyi'lit  nOObl  M  tliaim  by 
►  or  rayil  tin    ' 
'  llr.,'  i\. ..;;  ,,|.   rill,    -i  rot  won!  "  sUne-cast  "). 
B,  Aiul  llmrwitli  »...\  sit  brloht  tln-ilav. 

•  Leg.,'  xl.  01J 
An.l  lirfdr  niyilinorne  of  the  itay 
Tlie  mist  wox  clelr  sudtlmily.  •  Br.,'  ix.  587. 

Those  passages  and  others  establish  a  contact  of 
the  closest  possible  kind  between  the  poems.  If 
uny  one  shall  be  so  hardy  SI  to  interpret  them 
by  saying  that  the  incident  in  the  Ninian  legend 
is  merely  copied  from  Barbour,  the  answer  must 
be  that  the  copying  of  such  scattered  passages 
for  a  descriptive  purpose  entirely  subordinate 
to  the  main  object  of  the  legend,  although  it 
may  be  a  possibility,  is  practically  out  of  the 
question  The  resemblances  of  phrase  are  as 
nothing  to  the  identity  of  descriptive  method. 
Only  one  great  question  remains  :  Is  there  or 
is  there  not  organic  unity  in  the  rhyme-systems? 
What  is  the  rhyme-specialty  of  '  The  Bruce  '  ? 
Fortunately,  here  there  is  the  invaluable 
assistance  of  a  master  in  philology  for  whom 
and  for  whose  work,  despite  the  present  critical 
lifting  of  the  heel,  I  cherish  a  student's  highest 
regard  and  gratitude.  Prof.  Skeat,  in  his  rhyme- 
index  to  'The  Bruce '(vol.  ii.  pp  315-6),  says 
with  emphasis  : — 

'■  Here  take  notice  of  a  remarkable  class  of  words 
in  which  the  ending  yn  or  yne  (with  silent  e )  repre- 
sents the  modern  ing  at  the  end  of  a  verbal  noun.'' 
He  looks  on  this  as  so  important  that  he  quotes 
the  rhyme-words  in  all  the  instances  :— 
I.  2.V>,  commandyne,  syne. 

III.  241,  fechtyn,  syne. 

IV.  243.  fichtyne,  syne. 

IV.  512,  hontyne,  syne. 

V.  405,  mellyne,  vyne. 
IX.  120,  Brechyne,  leding. 
IX.  C82,  restyne,  Lyne. 
XII.  373,  hapnyne,  tyne. 

XIV.  229,  dowtyne,  vyne. 

XV.  83.  helyne,  syne. 
XVII.  2(53,  armyne,  syne. 
XIX.  693,  tranontyne,  tyne. 
XIX.  793,  welcummyne,  syDe. 

He  remarks  that  "  welcoming  "  is  also  found 
written  "  welcummyng  "  to  rhyme  with  "  kyng." 
The  remark  is  a  little  odd,  as  if  the  obvious  fact 
had  been  overlooked  that  most  of  the  other 
words  in  the  list  appear  also  in  the  legitimate 
gerundial  spelling  and  rhyme  of  yng.  Clearly  all 
these  gerunds  should  have  been  in  yng  or  ing,  and 
the  rhymes  with  yn  and  yne  should  have  been 
stigmatized  as  defective.  'The  Bruce'  has  over 
five-and-twenty  pure  rhymes  of  gerundial  yng 
with  yng  for  one  in  yne.  The  yne  is  a 
numerically  rare,  although  systematic  exception. 
Intelligible  enough  as  rendered  possible  by  a 
slurred  pronunciation,  it  was  not  the  less  a 
slovenly  and  incorrect  rhyme,  although  I  lay 
no  particular  stress  on  this  so  far  as  regards  the 
two  proper-name  instances.  Perhaps  "asso- 
nance "  is  hardly  the  word  for  it,  although  it  is 
plainly  of  that  species,  being  a  concord  "perfect 
in  the  vowel,  but  imperfect  in  the  consonant. 
The  point,  however,  is  that  it  is  an  eccentricity 
In  the  early  poetry  of  Scotland  this  gerundial 
rhyme  is,  as  Prof.  Skeat  said,  indeed  remark- 
able. A  faithful  search  enables  me  to  confirm 
that  opinion.  I  can  find  no  such  usage  as 
Barbour's  in  any  other  poet.  Sporadic  examples 
exist,  but  even  these  are  rare  :  so  rare  that  in 
over  70,000  lines— not  by  Barbour— of  Scottish 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  century  verse,  I  can 
(leaving  out  of  account  four  proper-name  in- 
stances) find  only  four  cases  (Wyntoun,  viii 
5417;  Holland's  'Howlat,'  52,  712;  Rauf 
Coiljear,  GO).  It  is  a  usage,  therefore,  more 
than  remarkable  :  it  is  unique,  an  integral 
organic  flaw  in  the  rhyme-system. 

It  is  no  solitary  solecism.  Barbour's  use  of 
the  vowels  throughout  his  rhymes  appears  to  be 
marked  by  great  latitude,  but  it  is  easier  to 
show  departures  from  rectitude  in  the  con- 
sonants.     "  Mankynd  "  (spelt  "  mankine  ")  and 

panch      rhymed  with  "syne     and  "  dance  " 


N  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


249,  ix.  398) appear,  like  the  ynosand  'ines, 
■  -n  the  straight  mad  for  degeneration.     A 

few  other  bad  rhjmea  are  worth  citing,  such 
as  ••Robert,"  "speryt"  (iv.  13),  'Tuschit," 
"r.fus.t"  (iv.  145),  and  "grathit."  "laid" 
(v.  387) -the  last  especially,  which  Prof.  Skeat 
pauses  at  and  wonders  over.  Barbour  n 
dual  rhymes  for  many  words.  "Hede,"  for 
mple^  he  rhymes  here  strictunime  with 
"revedo"  (v.  11),  there  more  popularly  with 
"reide"  (ii.  121).  "Lyne"  and  "  lyng " 
(ii.  417,  xix.  355)  are  convertible  according  to 
the  exigency  of  the  occasion.  This  duplication 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  ways  to 
decadence  of  technique.  Legitimate  alternative 
rhymes  led  to  illegitimate.  The  line  of  descent, 
which  was  no  sudden  leap,  is  even  discernible! 
Yne  is  rhymed  with  ynd  by  suppressing  the  d. 
Then  the  persistent  rhyme  of  yne,  yng,  marks 
a  stage  well  down  the  slippery  slope  which  ends 
in  ane,  ame.  One  could  predicate  that  under 
stress  of  rhyme  a  much  more  extended  resort 
to  assonance  would  be  far  from  unlikely.  The 
grand  canon  of  Barbour's  critics  is  in  the  direct 
teeth  of  tendencies  and  facts. 

Now  to  return  to  the  false  rhymes  of  yng, 
yne.  Besides  '  The  Bruce  '  there  are  but  two 
other  works  in  old  Scottish  literature  known 
to  me  in  which  the  same  usage  exists.  The 
first  of  these  is  the  'Legends  of  the  Saints,' 
where  the  list  of  mis-rhymes  has  come  to 
embrace  more  than  gerunds  : — 

I.  8G,  thrynde  (thrvnge  ?),  bynde. 

I.  311,  entremetynge,  Agrippyne. 

I.  649.  cumlyne,  syne. 

III.  73,  baptysing,  sene. 

V.  373,  biddinge,  done. 

XVI.  533,  admonestine,  fyne. 

XVIII.  381.  our-cummyne,  wethyrwvne. 

XVIII.  923,  jarninge,  wyne. 

XVIII.  991,  clethinge,  seDe-syne. 

XIX.  266,  mornynge,  fynd. 
XIX.  384,  kinge,  bynd. 
XIX.  685.  lowynge,  fynd. 
XXIII.  223,  carpyng,  pyne. 

XXVI.  379.  blyssine,  fyne. 

XXVII.  27,  lowing,  Martyne. 
XXVI [.  375,  persawing,  schyne. 
XXVII.  817,  teching,  discypliue. 

XXXI.  805,  endynge,  fynde. 

XXXII.  35,  schewynge,  ourcumvne  ;  "  ourcuni- 
yne;    here  a  past  participle. 

XXXIV.  83,  thingis.  wynis. 

XXXV.  79.  reknynge,  thine. 
XXX VI  I.  193,  diuge,  behynde. 
XLI.  315,  lykine,  virgine. 
XLI.  379.  rynge,  tharein. 
XLIII.  491,  duellinge,  fyne. 
XLV.  173,  flynge,  bynd. 

What  began  with  gerunds  did  not  end  with 
them.  These  examples,  especially  "  thrynde  " 
"mornynge,"  "kinge,"  "rynge,"  and  "flynge," 
instructively  illustrate  the  sad  fact  that  laxity 
in  rhyme  is  a  progressive  quality.  This  is 
shown  further  by  the  rhyme  that  puzzled  Prof. 
Skeat  in  '  The  Bruce  '  occurring  here  also  as 
"gratht,"  "mad"  (made),  and,  if  possible, 
still  worse  as  "grathit,"  "consawit"  (xiii.  68, 
xvi.  544).  The  significant  alternative  use  of 
"lyng"  and  "lyne"  (iv.  298,  vi.  445,  xii.  Ill, 
167,  xlii.  65)  is  the  same  as  in  'The  Bruce.' 
The  gerundial  and  other  yng,  yne  rhymes  are 
distributed  over  the  whole  'Legends,'  although 
just  as  there  are  whole  books  in  'The  Bruce' 
without  them,  so  there  are  whole  legends, 
sometimes  even  long  ones. 

Some  little  interest  attaches  to  the  second 
work  in  which  they  occur,  since  it  happens  to 
be  the  Troy  fragment,  of  which  one  of  the  two 
known  manuscripts  bears  within  it  the  express 
attributions,  "Herendis  barbour  and  begynnis 
the  monk"  and  "Her  endis  the  monk  ami 
begynnis  Barbour."  The  instances  in  the  Troy 
fragment  (from  Horstmann's  edition)  are  :— 

Line  497  conselyue,  Appolvne. 

517.  stekinges,  engynes. 

922,  distribuyne.  syne. 

1  1 1.">,  refetyne,  syne. 

Having  more  than  exhausted  my  due  space, 
I  must  conclude  with  but  the  briefest  alignment 
of  salient  facts  making  towards  identification— 


the  actual  ascription  of  the  Troy  fregnx 
internal    allusions    of    the    '  Legends  '    to'  the 
author's  personality  ;    bis  being  a   "  mynisters 
of  haly  kirke  ";   the  <;!  t;/e8 

in    the    Nmian    and    Machor    legi  •     his 

o;nce   in    the  north-.  ■.,!  .    },« 

obviously  familiar  acquaintance  with  A' 
Ins  declaration  that  "  befor  vthyre  "  h< 
fayn  "  write  of  Aberdeen's  patron  St.  Machor 
rhose  Latin  life,  by  the  way,  is  believe 
have  been  known  in  Aberdeen,  though  now 
;  his  references  to  his  own  journeying*  in 
younger  days  ;  and  his  varied  erudition,  to  be 
remembered  alongside  of  the  classical  and  poet- 
ical lore  of  'The  Bruce.'  I  may  not  stay 
to  comment  on  the  deep  significance  of  the 
many  points  of  contact  and  parallel  furnished 
by  the  Galloway  episode  of  John  Trumpour, 
and  can  spare  only  one  sentence  to  urge  the 
cumulative  conclusiveness  of  all  these  things, 
especially  when  there  is  added  to  them  the 
present  demonstration  of  a  systematic  unity 
of  error  throughout  the  three  poems.  This 
specialty  occurs  as  a  usage  nowhere  else,  yet 
'  The  Bruce  '  (13,000  lines)  has  it  eleven  times, 
the  'Legends'  (33,000  lines)  have  it  twenty- 
four  times,  and  the  short  Troy  fragment 
(3,000  lines)  has  it  thrice.  It  is,  happily,  a 
positive  crux,  not  negative  :  it  is  not  an  in- 
ference, but  a  fact.  It  has  that  organic  and 
individualistic  character  requisite  for  a  real 
rhyme- test,  and  as  such  I  submit  it  for  the 
verdict  of  scholars— confident  that  it  ends  the 
question,  and  finally  restores  John  Barbour  to 
his  own.  Geo.  Neilso.v 


A  LETTER  OF   STEVENSON. 

The  following  letter  of  Stevenson  appears  in 
the  Napier  Daily  Telegraph,  N.Z.  It  was  a 
reply  to  one  from  Dr.  Bakewell,  communicating 
an  anecdote  of  a  New  Zealand  boy  who,  when 
asked  whether  he  had  read  'Treasure  Island,' 
replied  :  "  Every  boy  's  read  '  Treasure  Island.' 
I  'veread  it  four  times."  Dr.  Bakewell  remarked 
that  Mr.  Stevenson  must  be  "more  than 
human  "  if  he  did  not  appreciate  this  compli- 
ment, and  cautioned  him  against  the  danger  of 
overwork  :  — 

Vailima,  August  7th  [1891]. 

Dear  Dr.  Bakewell,— I  am  not  more  than 
human.  I  am  more  human  than  is  wholly  con- 
venient, and  your  anecdote  was  welcome  "  What 
you  say  about  vnn-illitig  tvurk,  my  dear  Sir,  is  a 
consideration  always  present  with  me,  and  yet  not 
easy  to  give  its  due  weight  to.  You  grow  gradually 
into  a  certain  income  ;  without  spending  a  penny 
more,  with  the  same  sense  of  restriction  as  before 
when  you  painfully  scraped  two  hundred  a  year 
together,  you  find  you  have  spent,  and  you  cannot 
well  stop  speuding,  a  far  larger  sum  ;  and  this  ex- 
pense can  only  be  supported  by  a  certain  produc- 
tion. However,  I  am  off  work  this  month,  and 
occupy  myself  instead  iu  weeding  mv  cacao,  papa 
chases,  and  the  like.  I  may  tell  you  my  average 
of  work  iu  favourable  circumstances  is  far  greater 
than  you  suppose  :  from  six  o'clock  till  eleven  at 
latest  [sic:  least  ?],  and  often  till  twelve,  and  again 
in  the  afternoon  from  two  to  four.  My  hand  is 
quite  destroyed,  as  you  may  perceive  to-day— to  a 
really  unusual  extent.  I  can  sometimes  write  a 
decent  fist  still ;  but  I  have  just  returned  with  my 
arms  all  stung  from  three  hours'  work  in  the 
cacao. 


ILucrarn  (Hosstp. 

Mr.  Stotford  Brooke  and  Mr.  Alfred 
Perceval  Graves  are  engaged  upon  an 
anthology  of  Anglo-Irish  poetry,  mainly 
that  of  the  present  eentur}-,  which  will  be 
published  at  no  distant  date  by  Messrs. 
Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  The  collaboration  of 
the  leading  men  and  women  of  letters  in 
Ireland  is  being  obtained. 

Mr.  R.  C.  Christie  has  just  edited,  and 
printed  for  distribution  amongst  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Roxburgh  e  Club,  a  volume  of 
letters   of    Sir    Thomas    Copley   to   Queen 


N°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


281 


Elizabeth  and  her  Ministers,  from  the 
originals  in  the  Record  Office  and  British 
Museum.  Sir  Thomas  Copley  was  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Roman  Catholic  fugitives 
from  the  penal  laws  of  Elizabeth,  and  was 
knighted  and  created  a  baron  by  Henry  III. 
of  France.  Camden  styles  him  "  e  pri- 
mariis  inter  profugos  Anglos,"  and  he  was 
much  in  the  confidence  of  successive  Vice- 
roys of  the  Netherlands  and  in  high  favour 
with  the  Kings  of  Spain  and  France.  His 
letters,  now  for  the  first  time  printed,  extend 
from  1572  to  1584,  and  are  written  from 
various  towns  in  the  Low  Countries  and 
France,  mostly  to  Burleigh  and  Walsing- 
ham. 

Messrs.  Kegan  Paul  &  Co.  announce  for 
early  in  March  a  one-volume  selection  by 
the  author  from  the  poems  of  Sir  Lewis 
Morris.  The  volume  will  contain  repre- 
sentative pieces  from  all  the  writer's  works, 
and  will  be  published  at  a  popular  price. 

A  meeting  of  bookbinders  and  subscribers 
interested  in  the  Bookbinders'  Pension  and 
Asylum  Society  will  take  place  at  the  Free- 
masons'Tavern  on  Tuesday  next,  March  2nd, 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  committee 
to  place  the  institution  in  a  better 
financial  position,  as  at  the  approaching 
election  there  will  be  forty  candidates,  and 
the  Committee  will  be  able  to  elect  three 
only,  in  consequence  of  want  of  funds. 
Authors  and  publishers  are  cordially  in- 
vited to  attend  the  meeting. 

Lord  Glenesk  will  take  the  chair  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Newsvendors'  Bene- 
volent Institution  at  the  Memorial  Hall  on 
Tuesday  evening,  March  9th,  when  four 
pensioners  will  be  elected  without  the 
anxiety  and  expense  of  a  ballot ;  it  is  also 
proposed  to  appoint  a  trustee  in  succession 
to  the  late  Joseph  Newstead. 

From  the  Forty-third  Annual  Report, 
which  the  London  Association  of  Correctors 
of  the  Press  have  just  issued,  it  appears 
that  1 896  was  a  prosperous  year  for  the  Asso- 
ciation. Many  new  members  joined,  and  the 
satisfactory  condition  of  trade  during  theyear 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  on  several  occasions 
every  member  who  was  not  incapacitated 
by  illness  was  employed.  The  subscriptions 
show  a  considerable  increase.  The  second 
Readers'  Pension  has  been  established,  and 
the  third  is  now  in  course  of  formation. 
During  the  year  lectures  have  been  delivered 
by  Mr.  W.  T.  Lynn,  Mr.  J.  T.  Young,  Mr. 
E.  W.  Brabrook,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Harper, 
the  series  being  brought  to  a  close  by  Mr. 
Sidney  Lee,  who  discoursed  on  'The  Making 
of  National  Biography.'  In  the  obituary 
notices  a  tribute  is  paid  to  Mr.  Frederic 
Pincott,  who  died  in  India,  as  "  one  of 
those  who  have  added  lustre  to  the  pro- 
fession of  a  reader  by  their  attainments." 
He  had  become  proficiont  in  Urdu,  Hindi, 
Sanskrit,  and  Panjabi,  besides  knowing 
French  and  Latin. 

The  value  of  the  property  left  under  the 
will  of  Dr.  Whewell  for  the  establishment 
of  scholarships  in  International  Law  at 
Cambridge  has  so  largely  increased  that  it 
has  been  found  possible  to  double  the 
number  of  scholarships.  There  will  now  be 
sixteen,  representing,  we  believe,  an  income 
of  1,200/.  a  year. 

It  has  been  decided  by  the  authorities 
of  Aberystwith  College  to  spend  15,000/.  on 


the  erection  of  a  new  wing  to  the  college 
buildings. 

Mr.  Gwenogfryn  Evans  has  now  com- 
pleted the  catalogues  of  the  Mostyn,  Con- 
way, and  Llandudno  manuscripts,  and  he 
reports  considerable  progress  with  the 
Jesus  College  manuscripts,  and  other  Welsh 
documents  in  the  British  Museum  Library. 
The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  has 
announced  that  additional  grants  amount- 
ing to  9,500/.  will  be  made  this  year  to 
the  various  university  colleges  recently  in- 
spected on  his  behalf,  in  accordance  with 
a  promise  made  some  time  ago  to  an  in- 
fluential deputation  from  the  colleges. 

A  new  work  on  the  Wrekin  country, 
entitled  '  Wrekin  Sketches,'  will  be  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock  immediately.  It 
will  fully  describe  the  present  aspect  of 
the  country,  but  its  chief  feature  will  be  the 
information  it  will  contain  concerning  the 
ancient  ecclesiastical  and  secular  buildings 
of  the  district  and  the  legends  which  sur- 
round them.  Notices  will  be  added  of  cele- 
brated residents.  The  work  will  be  illus- 
trated by  sketches  and  photographs  from 
the  neighbourhood. 

Mr.  Frederic  Boase  has  just  com- 
pleted the  second  volume  of  his  '  Modern 
English  Biography,'  memoirs  of  public  cha- 
racters who  have  died  since  1850.  The 
arrangement  is  alphabetical,  and  this  por- 
tion runs  from  the  letter  I  to  Q,  and  in- 
cludes accounts  of  a  very  large  number  of 
celebrities,  ranging  from  Prime  Ministers 
to  beggars.  The  volume  is  at  the  binder's, 
and  will  be  issued  by  Messrs.  Netherton  & 
Worth,  of  Truro. 

Mr.  Morris  Colles  has  written  for  the 
North  American  Review  an  article  on  the 
reform  of  the  domestic  copyright  laws  in 
England  and  America.  The  subject  of 
copyright  has  been  occupying  a  good  deal 
of  the  attention  of  the  Society  of  Authors, 
who,  having  eaten  their  dinner,  have  now 
circulated  their  report.  They  have  prepared 
a  Bill  which  Lord  Monkswell,  it  is  hoped, 
will  introduce  in  the  House  of  Lords. 

Tns  publishing  business  established  many 
years  since  by  Mr.  W.  Hunt,  of  12,  Pater- 
noster Row,  and  carried  on  by  him  with 
branches  at  Holies  Street  and  at  Ipswich, 
has  been  taken  over  by  Messrs.  Marshall 
Brothers. 

The  next  Clark  Lecturer  in  English 
Literature  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
will  be  appointed  in  the  Easter  term,  and 
his  tenure  of  office  will  be  for  one  year  from 
October  next.  He  will  be  required  to  deliver 
twelve  lectures  on  some  period  of  literature 
not  earlier  than  Chaucer,  to  be  distributed 
over  two  terms  at  least. 

Prof.  Wallace,  who  died  last  week 
from  the  effects  of  a  fall  from  his  bicycle, 
was  one  of  the  many  Scotsmen  whom  the 
national  taste  for  metaphysics  attracts  to 
Oxford.  After  a  successful  career  as  an 
undergraduate,  he  became  a  Fellow  and 
Tutor  of  Morton,  and  showed  himself  an 
admirable  teacher  of  those  reading  for 
honours.  In  1882  he  replaced  the  late 
T.  11.  (Jreen  in  the  Chair  of  Moral  Philo- 
sophy, and  proved  himself  a  fit  and  ade- 
quate successor  of  that  distinguished  man. 
Like  him,  ho  belonged  to  the  school  of 
Oxford  men  who  took  up  Hegel  when  his 


countrymen  were  abandoning  him,  and  the 
main  effort  of  his  life  was  the  exposi- 
tion of  Hegelian  doctrine.  For  this  he 
possessed  one  invaluable  gift,  an  ex- 
cellent and  quite  un- German  style,  which 
made  his  treatment  of  abstruse  trains  of 
thought  singularly  luminous.  His  first  pub- 
lication was  a  translation  of  Hegel's  '  Logic,' 
to  which  he  prefixed  an  elaborate  introduc- 
tion. He  further  brought  out  a  translation 
of  the  third  part  of  the  '  Encyclopaedia  of 
the  Philosophical  Sciences,'  under  the  title 
of  '  Hegel's  Philosophy  of  Mind,'  accom- 
panied by  explanatory  essays.  Besides  he  put 
together  an  admirably  clear  monograph  on 
Schopenhauer.  He  was  also  a  close  student 
of  ancient  philosophy,  and  wrote  for  the 
S.P.C.K.  a  luminous  exposition  of  Epicurean- 
ism. An  eminently  honest,  painstaking 
thinker,  he  never  shrank  from  toil  or 
thought  in  his  philosophical  work,  and 
never  attempted  to  put  off  his  hearers 
with  phrases.  In  all  his  efforts  truth  was 
his  main  object. 

A  new  journal  for  the  trade,  entitled  The 
Booksellers'  Review,  is  to  make  its  appear- 
ance.    It  is  to  be  a  weekly. 

A  correspondent  writing  from  India 
states  that  the  Amir  of  Afghanistan's  re- 
ligious work  entitled  '  Takweem-ud-din  ' 
has  just  been  published  at  Kabul,  but  that 
at  present  it  has  only  been  distributed  to  the 
Kazis  and  provincial  governors.  One  of  the 
principal  subjects  it  deals  with  is  Jehad,  or 
holy  war. 

The  paragraph  we  inserted  last  week 
regarding  Marsh's  Library  was  unfortu- 
nately left  incomplete.  We  should  have 
added  that  what  Dr.  Stokes  had  discovered 
was  an  indulgence  granted  by  Wolsey  and 
Cardinal  Campeggio  to  all  contributors  of 
funds  for  the  completion  of  Hereford 
Cathedral. 

The  only  Parliamentary  Papers  likely  to 
interest  our  readers  this  week  are  two 
further  Returns  of  the  Endowed  Charities 
of  West  Riding  Parishes. 


SCIENCE 

chemical  literature. 
Analytical  Chemistry.     By  N.   Menschutkin. 
Translated    by   James   Locke.     (Macmillan    & 
Co.)  — About  three  quarters    of   this  book  are 
devoted  to  qualitative  analysis,   the  remaining 
portion  treating  of  some  of  the  more  important 
methods  of  gravimetric  and  volumetric  quanti- 
tative analysis.     So  far  as  concerns  the  qualita- 
tive portion,  both  thestyleand  methodof  the  hook 
recall  Fresenius's  standard  work  on  the  subject, 
and   the  comparison    is   not  to   the    advantage 
of  the  present  work  ;    yet,  taken  as   a  whole, 
the  subject  is  very  thoroughly  treated,  and   a 
student  who  has  worked   from    it  will   have  a 
knowledge  of  qualitative  analysis  very  different 
from  that  to  be  obtained  from  so  many  of  the 
wretched  cram-books  written  at  present  on  this 
subject  —  books  which  seem  to  he  intended  only 
to  enable  students  to  pass  examinations  without 
regard  to  whether  they  acquire  any  real  know- 
ledge   of    the    Bubject.     The    chapter    on    the 
analysis  of  silicates  calls   for   particular  notice  ; 
the  qualitative  met  hods  are  treated  very  fully, 
and  in   most  cases  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
can  readily  he  used   for  quantitative  work   also. 
There  seem  very  few    errors  in   the  book  ;  one, 
however,    needs    correct  ion.      It  is   stated   thai 
gold   is  precipitated  by  sulphurous  acid  from  hot 
solutions  only.     This  limitation  is  certainly  not 


ov> 


T  II  E     ATHENAEUM 


X  3618,  I'm.  27,  '97 


oorreot  ;  il  can  be  precipitated  completely  in 
tlir  told,  and  Liquefied  sulphurous  acid,  now  en 
article  of  oommeroe,  forma  perhaps  the  i 
convenient  reagent  for  the  precipitation  of 
sold.  The  l><><>k  oan  be  safely  reoommended 
for  the  use  of  more  advanced  students,  and  will 

also    he    found    a   useful    work    of    reference  to 
those  engaged  in  teaching  chemical  analysis. 

Th<  Chemiatry  of  Oat  Manufacture,  by  W.  .1. 
Atkinson  Butterfield  (Griffin  it  Co.),  whilst  it 
contains  quite  a  store  of  valuable  information 
on  •_-  is  manufacture,  is  rather  dillicult  to  read 
On  account  of  the  need  for  a  better  arrangement 
of  the  matters  treated  of  ;  especially  will  it  prove 
Btiff  reading  to  those  who  know  little  or  nothing 
of  the  subject.  As  might  be  expected  from  the 
author,  who  is  the  head  chemist  at  the  Beckton 
gas  works,  the  chemistry  of  gas  and  the  testing 
of  the  various  products  are  well  described  ;  but 
it  would  have  been  much  better  had  he  treated 
these  subjects  in  distinct  sections  and  not 
mixed  them  up  with  descriptions  of  manu- 
facturing processes.  The  account  of  the  new 
machinery  used  for  charging  the  retorts  is  very 
good  and  clear,  but  some  of  the  other  descrip- 
tions of  appliances  used  in  gas-making  are  not 
so  good — that  of  the  horizontal  condenser  is  cer- 
tainly confusing,  and  the  diagram  given  makes 
it  still  more  so.  There  is  so  much  that  is  good 
in  this  work  that  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  Mr. 
Butterfield  will  in  a  later  edition  so  recast  the 
work  as  to  make  readily  available  the  really 
valuable  information  which  it  contains. 

A  Dictionary  of  Oiemical  Solubilities. — Jn- 
oraanic.  By  Arthur  Messinger  Comey.  (Mac- 
millan  &  Co.) — All  those  who  have  worked 
much  in  chemical  laboratories  must  have  had 
cause  to  feel  gratitude  to  the  author  of  that 
work  known  to  them  by  the  abbreviated  title 
of  Storer's  'Solubilities,'  in  which  Prof.  Storer 
had  collected  practically  all  the  data  on  the 
solubilities  of  chemical  substances  published 
prior  to  18G0  ;  whilst  to  those  who  had  to  search 
through  chemical  literature  for  later  data  the 
wish  must  often  have  occurred  that  some  fresh 
author  would  devote  himself  to  the  heavy  task 
of  writing  another  work  bringing  the  subject 
up  to  date.  To  Prof.  Comey  the  thanks  of  the 
chemical  world  are  now  due  for  the  volume 
before  us,  which  contains  what  seems  to  be  a 
complete  collection  of  the  data  on  this  sub- 
ject up  to  March,  1894.  Very  wisely  Prof. 
Comey  decided  not  to  draw  any  distinction  as 
to  the  trustworthiness  of  the  various  data  given 
by  different  observers,  for  without  repetition  of 
the  determinations  this  would  be  an  impossible 
task.  Such  distinction  would,  as  he  says,  have 
been  impracticable ;  therefore,  save  in  a  few 
cases  where  the  inaccuracy  of  certain  work  is 
obvious,  he  has  quoted  all  the  statements  that 
have  been  made,  the  authority  for  each  being 
given.  The  arrangements  of  the  entries  seem 
to  have  been  very  carefully  thought  out,  and 
should  facilitate  reference.  So  far  as  we  have 
been  able  to  check  it,  the  compilation  seems 
to  have  been  most  carefully  and  completely 
effected,  and  we  must  congratulate  Prof.  Comey 
on  the  result  of  his  arduous  labours.  The  book 
closes  with  some  formulae  and  tables  for  the 
conversion  of  acrometric  degrees  into  specific 
gravity,  and  a  useful  synchronistic  table  of 
chemical  and  allied  scientific  periodicals  from 
1800  to  1895. 


SOCIETIES. 


Royal.— Feb.  18.— The  President  in  the  chair.— 
The  following  papers  were  read:  'On  the  Iron 
Lines  present  in  the  Hottest  Stars  :  Preliminary 
Note,"  by  Mr.  J.  N.  Lockyer,— '  On  the  Significance 
of  Bravais's  Formulae  for  Regression,  &o,  iu  the  Case 
of  Skew  Variation,'  by  Mr.  G.  U.  Yule.—'  .Mathe- 
matical Contributions  to  the  Theory  of  Evolution  : 
On  a  Form  of  Spurious  Correlation  which  may 
arise  when  Indices  are  used  in  the  Measurement  of 
''ins,'  by  Prof.  K.  I'earson,— and  'Note  to  the 
Memoir  of  Prof.  Karl  I'earson  on  Spurious  Corre- 
lation,' by  Mr.  F.  Gallon. 


BOOIBTl    0]     An  i  l\.i  akii.-  -   /  I  /,.    I  -.—  Sir   11.    11. 
th.    V.I'.,   in    the    chair.  —  Sir   A.    W.    I 

exhibited  ■  delicately  wrought  example  of  ■  silver- 
Kill  '<■  /,  ol  In  form  it  c 
resemble!  the  ships  shown  in  the  famous  picture 
at  Hampton  Court  of  Henry  vin  s  embarkation 
from     Dover    in    1580.  —  Sir    II.    II.    Howottb    ex- 
hibited   a   contemporary    painting    on    vellum    of 
Clifford,  Earl  ol !  Cumberland,  at  Champion 
to  Queen  Elisabeth,  an  office  conferred  upon  him 
in   1690.-  The  Rev    EC.  B.  Savage  communicated  a 
note  on  ancient   burial  custom-,  in   which   he  sug- 
gested  an    explanation  of  the  fact   of   cremated 
remains   being    found  tide  by  side    in    the  game 
barrow  with  instances  of  inhumation.     The  former, 
he  thought,  represented  the  bodies  of  those  who 
died  in  troublous  times,  and  were  burnt  to  prevent 
mutilation,  while  the   latter  were    the   remains  of 
those  who  had  died  in  times  of  peace  and  quiet. — 
Sir  J.  Bvane  -aid  he  was  of  opinion  that  some  other 
explanation  was  necessary,  and  that    inasmuch  as 
cremation  was  more  expensive  than  inhumation,  it 
was  possible  that  the  burnt  remains  were  those  of 
the  more  wealthy  members  of   the  community.— 
Mr.  G.   Grazebrook    read  a  paper    'On   Mediaeval 
Surnames     and      their     Various     Spellings.'       lb' 
indicated    how,     by     degrees,     fixed      forms      of 
spelling  arose,  but  until  the  sixteenth  century  all 
English  names  show  how  the  scribes  attempted  to 
express  in  letters  their  sounds,  varied  as  these  would 
be  by  the  dialect  of  the  speakers  on  one  6ide,  and 
on  the  other  by  the  intelligence  and  refinement  of 
the  writers.    This  was   shown  by  placing  side  by 
side  the  duplicate  copies  of  a  concord  dated  about 
1150.  Of  course,  the  Latin  in  both  followed  what  was 
taught  in  schools,  but  the   long   list  of  witnesses 
showed  the  scribes  giving  very  different  spellings, 
and  yet  each  was  an  evident  attempt  to  reproduce 
the  sound.    The    duplicates   of    another  concord, 
dated  January  26th,  12S3,  showed  the  same.    Quota- 
tions   from    Hickes's    'Thesaurus'    and     Higden's 
'Polychronicon'  described   the  dialects  prevailing 
in  different  districts,  and  instances  were  adduced 
to    show  changes   in   dialect,   and   the  alterations 
which  followed    in    place-names  at  certain  dates. 
The   origin    and  growth    of  fixed  surnames  were 
examined,  and    Mr.  Grazebrook    maintained    that 
before    1200    there     were     very     few    "  fixed "  — 
that     is,    which     would     have    survived    separa- 
tion from  the    estates  which    had    given    rise   to 
them  —  and   that    these    few  were   chiefly   drawn 
from     the     early    Norman    homes     from    which 
the      families    had      originally    come.       All     the 
early    changes   in    the     spelling    of    names    were 
attributed    to   dialects   and   phonetic  writing,    but 
from    perhaps    the    fourteenth     century    another 
cause  arose,   namely,  the    extreme    prevalence  of 
Pleas  of  Misnomer.    The  legal  axiom  that  the  writ 
of  indictment  must  be  exact  in  the  smallest  par- 
ticular was  greatly  strained.    From  Home's  '  Mirour 
of   Justices,'  a    book  said  to  be    translated  from 
Norman  French  of  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  direc- 
tions were  read  showing  how  to  take  vicious  excep- 
tions to  writs  ;  the  misspelling  of  the  smallest  word, 
and,  of  course,  much  more  so  of  names  of  persons  or 
places,  the  putting  "eum"  for  "eos,"and  other  little 
points  were  urged  by  counsel  on  either  side.    From 
a  number  of  instances  picked  out  of  the  Plea  Rolls 
between  1300  and  1400  Mr.  Grazebrook  selected  the 
following  instances  of  surnames  attacked  :— Here- 
ford, 1318,   Ricardus  nT   Willelmi  Irby  de   Hope- 
Maloysel  claimed    that   he    need   not    respond    to 
the    breve   because     he    was    named    "  de    Irby," 
and   not  as  described  therein.     The  jury  declared 
upon     oath     that    he     was    known     as     "  Irbv," 
and  not  as  "  de   Irby,"  and  so   the   plea  was  dis- 
allowed.   The  corollary  from  this  is    that  had   he 
been    named    "  de    Irby "    the    case    would    have 
collapsed.    In  another  assize,  Staff.,  1306,  Alexander 
Craket    sued    Richard    de  Vernun,    &c.      Richard 
referred   to  the   writ,  where  his  name  was  given 
as    Richard    le    Vernun,    and    Craket    was     non- 
suited.    In  another  assize,  Staff..  1301,  the  question 
was  whether  Alan  le    Wore  had    unjustly  raised  a 
fence,    &c.     Alan   pleaded   that  his   name   was   De 
Aldytheley   and   not    Oe   Blore.      The   jury    found 
that    he   was    called   Alan   de   Blore   ami   Alan   de 
Aldytheley,  and  the  case  proceeded.    To  show  the 
fear  lest  such    exceptions  would  lead  to  the  mis- 
carriage  of    the   law  a    further  case   was    quoted, 
Stall'.,  Mil,  Joan  Vernun,  formerly  wife  of  Biohard 
Vernun,    Knt.,    and     Richard     Hawund,    adminis- 
trators   of    the    goods  of    Richard   Vernun    alius 
Vernon,    Knt,    See.      So     "wholesome   a   dread" 
was     thus     aroused     that    every    variety    iu     the 
forms    of     spelling     names     came     to    be     intro- 
duced    into     legal     documents.       Reference     was 
made    to   a    Grasehrok    suit    in    Chancery   in    1621, 
wherein  that  name  occurs  in  nine  different  forms, 
and  other  similar  instances  were  referred  to  iu  many 
early  documents.     Legal  gentlemen  would  not  have 
thus    painfully   introduced   all   these   for  the  mere 
sake   of    variety.     A    list    was    submitted    showing 
si.\t\ -one  various  forms  iu  which  the  Grazebrook 


name  is  found    from   the    year   [200,  with   the  dates 
and  reference;   to  the  <  n  occurs. 


— Feb.  19. — Anniveriat  /.—. 

Dr.  H.  llieko  in  the  chair. —  The  following  gentle- 
men  were  elected  t  n  the  new  CoudcU  • — 

II.  Banerman.   Dr.  W.    i.    Blaoford,  Prof,    l 
Bonney,    Prof.   W.   Boyd   Dawkins,   Sir  J.  Kvant 
F.  W.  ilaniK-r,  P.  8.  Herries,  Dr.  H.  Hicks,  Bei 
Hill,  Prof.  B.  Hull,   Prof.  .1.  w.  Judd.  I;.  Lydekker. 
Lieut. -General   0.  A.  Mc.Mahon,  .J.    E.    Marr,   l'rof. 
11.  A.  Ifiers,    11-   W.  Monckton,    K.    I     Newton. 
A.  Btrahan,  J.  J.  H.  Teall.  W.  W.  Watt.-,  W.  Wbiuker, 
lev.    II.  Win  wood,  and   Dr.    H.  Woodward.     1' 
dent,  Dr.   11.  Hick  Prof.  T. 

Bonney,   Lieut-General  C.  A.  McMahon,  J.  J.  H. 
Teall,   and    Dr.    H.    Woodward;    Secretaries,    J. 
Marr  and  R.  8.  Herries  ;   Fori      i    -  .  \r  J. 

Evan  I  iturer.  Dr.  W.  T.  Blanford.  —  The  fol- 
lowing awards  of  medals  and  funds  were  made: 
The  Wollaston  Medal  to  Mr.  W.  11.  I!  the 

Murohison  Medal  and  part  of  the  Fund  to  Mr.  H.  B. 
Woodward  :  the  Lyell  Medal  and  part  of  the  Fund 
to  Dr.  G.  .1.  Jlinde;  the  Bigeby  Medal  to  Mr.  C. 
Reid  ;  the  balance  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Wollaston 
Fund  to  Mr.  F.  A.  Bather  ;  the  balanca  of  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  Murchison  Fund  to  Mr.  S.  S.  Buckman  ; 
ami  the  balance  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Lyell  Fund 
to  Mr.  W.  J.  L.  Abbott  and  Mr.  J.  Lomas.— The 
President  delivered  his  anniversary  address,  which 
dealt  with  some  recent  evidence  bearing  on  the 
geological  and  biological  history  of  early  Cambrian 
and  pre- Cambrian  times. 

British  Abch^ological  Association.— Feb.  17. 
— Mr.  Comptou,  V.P.,  in  the  chair.— A  paper  entitled 
'  London  under  the  Monastic  Orders  '  was  read  by 
Miss  E.  Bradley,  which  was  well  illustrated  by  maps 
of  the  City,  indicating  in  different  colours  the  sites 
of  the   many  religious  houses  which  existed  both 
within  and  without  the  walls  between  the  thirteenth 
century  and  the  sixteenth.    Miss  Bradley  noticed  in 
detail  many  of  the  houses,  arranging  them  in  groups 
under  the  orders  to  which  they  belonged;  thus  the 
Benedictines,  the  Cistercians,  the  Carthusians,  the 
Augustine    Canons,  and  the  three  orders  of  friars 
were  each  in  turn  described,  and  the  circumstances 
of    the    foundation    of    the    several    houses    were 
related.    The  Cistercians,  apparently,  possessed  but 
one  abbey  in  London,  that  of  St.  Mary  Graces  on 
Tower  Hill,  founded  by  King  Edward  III.  in  1319. 
He  called  it  "  Eastuoinster"  in  contradistinction  to 
Westminster.    The  king  and  his  grandson  richly  en- 
dowed it,  and  it  was  regarded  as  of  great  import- 
ance, notwithstanding  which  only  the  very  scantiest 
knowledge  of  it  remains.    It  was  surrendered  in 
1539,  and  was  valued  at  6021.  lis.  6d ,  according  to 
Speed.    The  names  of  its  two  earliest  abbots  alone 
are  known,  viz.,  William  de  Sancta  Cruce.  1349,  and 
William  Warden.  1360.    The  site  it  occupied  is  now 
covered  with  victualling    storehouses  and  biscuit 
bakeries  for  the  royal  navy;  not  a  trace  or  fragment 
of   its  walls  remains.    It  is  not  generally  known, 
but   it  is   6tated   on   authority,  according  to  Miss 
Bradley,  that  even  Westminster  Abbey  had  a  very 
narrow  escape  from  similar  destruction  at  the  hands 
of  the  Protestant  vandal   the  Protector  Somerset 
when    he   required   stone   for  the   building  of  his 
palace  iu  the  Strand  ;  this,  however,  he  obtained  by 
demolishing  instead  the  Priory  of  St.  John,  Clerken- 
well.    The  paper  was  listened  to  with  great  interest, 
and  conveyed  a  good  impression  of  the  power  and 
influence  wielded  by  the  religious  orders  in  London, 
and  showed  how  large  a  share  they  must  have  had 
iu  the  making  of  the  history  of  our  great  city  during 
the  medieval  centuries. — At  the  conclusiou  of  the 
paper  the  Chairman  expressed  what  he  felt  was  the 
feeling  of    all  present,   the    obligation  they   were 
under  to  Miss  Bradley  for  the  comprehensive  and 
catholic  spirit  iu  which  she  had  treated   her  subject 
and  brought  so  prominently  forward  the  great  bene- 
fit  which    the    mouastic   orders  conferred  on    the 
couutry  in  preserving  religion  and  learning  in  times 
w  hen,  butfor  their  existence, thecountry  would  have 
sunk  into  barbarism  and  gross  darkness.— A  very  ani- 
mated and  interesting  discussion  ensued,  in  which 
Mr.  Blashill,  Hon.  Treasurer,  spoke  of  the  value  of 
the  Ordnance  maps  in  identifying  the  sites  of  t tie 
religious  houses,  and  in  other  ways  enabling  us  to 
illustrate   the   life    of    the    old    city.— Mr.   l'atriek 
pointed  out   that  although  the  Great   Fire  was  de- 
structive of  the  majority  of  the   churches  of  Old 
Loudon,    yet    much    of     their    walls    must     have 
remained  standing,  and  their  foundations,  of  course, 
were  untouched  ;   and  in  that   connexion  it   is  in- 
teresting to  know,  ou   the  authority  of  Mr.  G.   H. 
Birch,  that  the   present   church  of  Christ  Church, 
Newgate  Street,  is  built  upon  the  actual  foundation 
walls  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the   old  church  of 
the  Grey  Friars'  Monastery,  the  nave  of  which  ex- 
tended considerably  further  to  the  west,  covering 
the  site   of  the  present   burial-ground.— Dr.  W.  de 
Cray  Birch  made  many  interesting  observations  OB 
the  methods  of  giving  land  in  the  Middle  Ages.— 


N°  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


283 


The  Rev.  J.  Cave  Browne,  the  Rev.  H.  J.  D.  Astley, 
Mr.  S.  W.  Kershaw,  Mrs.  Collier,  and  the  Chairman 
joined  in  the  discussion. 

Numismatic— Feb.  18.— Sir  J.  Evans,  President, 
in  the  chair.— Mr.  H.  W.  Lawrence,  Mr.  F.  Bowcher, 
and  Mr.  A.  Trice  Martin  were  elected  Members. — 
Mr.  R.  Day  exhibited  a  silver-gilt  oval  badge  of 
Prince  Charles  Edward,  with  his  bust  three-quarters 
to  left.  This  badge  appears  to  be  a  cast  reproduc- 
tion of  a  repousse  plaque.— Mr.  T.  Ready  exhibited 
a  plaster  cast  of  a  quarter-stater  of  Cyzicus  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Paris,  similar  in  type  to  that 
exhibited  by  him  on  November  19th  last,  the  authen- 
ticity of  which  had  been  questioned.  Mr.  Ready  was 
of  opinion  that  the  Paris  coin  proved  the  genuine- 
ness of  his  coin.  He  also  exhibited  an  unpublished 
bronze  coin  of  the  Empress  Tranquillina  struck  at 
Tarsus,  with  the  name  of  the  city  on  the  reverse 
and  a  representation  of  the  Cabiri  standing  on 
a  galley  and  holding  up  a  species  of  arch,  beneath 
which  is  a  pyramidal  building  enclosing  a  figure  of 
the  god  Sandan  standing  on  a  lion.— Mr.  L.  A. 
Lawience  exhibited  a  plated  half-crown  of  James  I. 
and  a  copper  penny  of  the  Transvaal  Republic  bear- 
ing the  bust  of  President  Kruger,  of  which  only 
forty  specimens  are  said  to  have  been  struck.— Mr. 
A.  Prevost  exhibited  two  vaccination  medals  :  one 
Dutch,  dated  1809,  was  struck  for  presentation  to 
local  doctors  ;  the  other  French,  dated  1814,  for 
presentation  to  the  Chefs  de  Service  of  the  Paris 
hospitals.— Lord  Grantley  read  a  paper  '  On  the  Styca 
Coinage  of  Northumbria  from  a.d.  758  to  A.D.  808.' 
Besides  giving  a  general  view  of  the  coiuage  of 
that  period,  he  called  special  attention  to  a 
few  coins,  most  of  which  were  unpublished. 
Amongst  these  was  a  styca  of  Elfwald  I.,  with  the 
name  of  the  mone3'er  iustead  of  an  animal  on  the 
reverse.  This  coin  is  of  considerable  importance,  as 
it  shows  the  earliest  occurrence  of  a  inoneyer's 
name  on  the  Northumbrian  series.  He  also  de- 
scribed several  unpublished  stycas  of  Elfwald  II., 
formerly  in  the  Bateuian  Collection,  with  the 
moneyer's  name  Eadwine. 


Zoological.— Feb  16.— Prof.  G.  B.  Howes  in  the 
chair.— Dr.    E.  C.  Stirling   exhibited    some    bones, 
casts,  and  photographs  of  the  large  extinct  struthious 
bird  from  the  Diprotodon-beds  at  Lake  Callabonna, 
South    Australia,    which    had    been    recently    dis- 
covered and  named  by  him  Genyornis  nervtoni. — 
Mr.  G.  E.  H.  Barrett-Hamilton  exhibited  a  pair  of 
walrus-tusks   from   the  Pacific,  belonging   to    the 
species  which  has  been  named  Trichechvs  obesvs, 
and  gave  some  account  of  the  cetaceans  and  seals 
of  the  North  Pacific— Papers  were  read  :   by  Mr. 
A.  Smith  Woodward,  on  Eehidnocephalus  troscheli, 
an  extiuct  fish  from  the  Upper  Cretaceous  of  West- 
phalia, proving  its  identity  in  all  essential  respects 
with    the    existing    deep-sea    genus    Halosaurus ; 
specimens  in   the  British  Museum  exhibited  most 
of  the  essential  characters  of  the  skull  and  opercular 
apparatus,  also  the  enlarged  scales  of  the  ventrally 
situated^  slime-canal  on  the  trunk  of  Halosaurus,— 
by  Mr.  G.  A.  Boulenger,  on  Acanthocybium  solandri, 
recording     the     occurrence    of     this    fish    in     the 
Arabian    Sea ;    a    specimen    of    it,  transmitted  by 
Surgeon     Lieut.  -  Col.     Jayakar,     C.M.Z.S.,     from 
Muscat,  had  recently  been  received  by  the  British 
Museum,  in  which  the  species  had  been  previously 
represented  only  by  a  dried  head  from  the  Atlantic, 
—by  Mr.  W.  E.  de  Winton,  on  the  distribution  of  the 
giraffe,  and  the  synonyms  and  more   definite  de- 
scriptions   of    the    two    existing    forms  ;    Giraffa 
camelopardalis,  Linn.,  was  fixed  for  the  name'  of 
the  three-horned  form,  and   G.  capensis.  Less.,  for 
that  of  the  two-horned  southern  species,— from  Dr. 
A.  Duges,  on  a  new  Ophidian  from  Mexico,  which 
was  proposed    to  be  named    Oreophu    loulengeri, 
gen.  et  sp.  iiov.,— from  Mr.  C.  D.  Sherborn,  on  the 
exact  dates  of  the   publication  of  the  parts  of  the 
natural  history  portion  of  Savigny's  'Description  de 
ragjpte,'— and   by    Mr.  F.    B.    Beddard,   on   the 
anatomy  of  the  tropic-bird  (Pbaethon)  of  the  order 
bteganopodes,  amongst  which  he  considered  it  to 
occupy  a  low  position  near  Fregata. 

Entomological. -Feb.  17.-Mr.  R.  McLachlan, 
\  .P.  and  Trias.,  in  the  chair.— Messrs.  Champion  and 
•by  exhibited  the  collection  of  phytophagous 
Coleoptera  made  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Smith  in  Grenada 
and  the  Grenadines  for  the  West  India  Exploration 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Society.— Mr.  F.  C.  Adams 
exhibited  rare  Diptera  taken  in  the  New  Forest 
during  the  preceding  year,  and  including  Callicera 
anea  and  Nephroeervs  ftavicornis.  —  Mr.  M. 
Burr  showed  an  example  of  an  undetermined 
species  of  locust,  taken  in  the  Post  Office 
at  Bedford  Street,  Strand,  and  six  new  species 
of  Acrydiidai  of  different  genera.— The  Secre- 
tary exhibited  a  cicada  larva  from  which  a 
fungus,  probably  Cordycept  sobdifera.  was  grow- 
mg  which  had  been  Bent  to  the  Society  from  Vene- 
zuela, with  an  inquiry  as  to  its  real  nature.— The 


Rev.  Dr.  Walker  showed  a  series  of  Coleoptera, 
Hymeuoptera,  and  Diptera,  collected  in  the  Orkney 
Islands  during  the  previous  season. — Mr.  Tutt  ex- 
hibited bred  examples  of  the  extreme  radiate 
variety  of  Spilosoma  lubricipeda.  This  variety 
occurred  naturally  in  Heligoland,  and  its  existence 
in  Great  Britain  was  probably  attributable  to 
accidental  importation.  —  Messrs.  Jacoby  and 
Champion  communicated  a  'List  of  the  Phyto- 
phagous Coleoptera  obtained  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Smith 
in  ISt.  Vincent,  Grenada,  and  the  Grenadines,  with 
Descriptions  of  New  Species.' 


Chemical.— Feb.  18.—  Mr.  A.  G.Vernon  Harcourt, 
President,  in  the  chair. — The  following  papers  were 
presented  :  'The  Oxidation  of  Sulphurous  Acid  by 
Potassium  Permanganate,'  by  Messrs.  T.  S.  Dymond 
and  F.  Hughes,  — '  Sodamide  and  some  of  its  Sub- 
stitution Derivatives  '  and  '  Rubidamide,'  by  Dr. 
A.  W.  Titherley, — '  Dissociation  Pressure  of  AlkyI 
Ammonium  Hydrosulphides,'  by  Mr.  J.  Walker  and 
Dr.  J.  S.  Lumsden, — 'On  the  Spectrographs  Analysis 
of  some  Commercial  Samples  of  Metals,  of  Chemical 
Preparations,  and  Minerals  from  the  Stassfurt  Potash 
Beds,'  by  Messrs.  W.  N.  Hartley  and  H.  Ramage, — 
'  Supposed  Condensation  of  Benzil  with  Ethyl 
Alcohol  :  a  Correction,'  by  Dr.  F.  R.  Japp. — '  The 
Viscosity  of  Mixtures  of  Miscible  Liquids,'  by  Dr. 
T.  E.  Thorpe  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Rodger,-and  'On  the 
Production  of  Pyridine  Derivatives  from  Ethylic-/3- 
Amidocrotonate,'  by  Dr.  J.  N.  Collie. 


Institution  of  Civil  Engineers—  Feb.  23. — 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  in  the  chair.— Two  com- 
munications, 'On  the  Main  Drainage  of  London,' 
by  Messrs.  W.  S.  Crimp  and  J.  E.  Worth,  and  'On 
the  Purification  of  the  Thames,'  by  Mr.  W.  J. 
Dibdin,  were  read. 


Anthropological  Institute.— Feb.  23.— Mr. 
H.  Balfour,  V.P.,  in  the  chair.— A  paper  by  Miss 
G.  M.  Godden,  '  On  the  Nagas  of  Assam,'  was  read 
by  Col.  R.  G.  Woodthorpe.  The  paper  was  com- 
piled from  all  available  sources  of  information,  and 
gave  an  exhaustive  account  of  the  various  Naga 
tribes.— In  the  discussion  which  followed,  Sir  S. 
Bayley,  Dr.  Leituer,  Mr.  Crooke,  Mr.  Gomme,  Dr. 
Garson,  and  Mr.  Balfour  took  part.— A  large  number 
of  Naga  weapons  and  personal  ornaments  were  ex- 
hibited, and  several  large  paintings  by  Col.  Wood- 
thorpe were  hung  on  the  walls.  The  paper  was  also 
illustrated  by  the  optical  lantern. 


Historical.— Feb.  18.— Anniversary  Meeting.— 
Sir  M.  E.  Grant  Duff,  President,  in  the  chair.— The 
Earl  of  Rosebery,  Prof.  Max  Miiller,  and  Prof.  M. 
Burrows,  nominated  by  the  Council,  were  re-elected 
Vice-Presidents  ;  Prof.  F.  W.  Maitland,  Archdeacon 
R.  Thornton,  Mr.  C.  W.  Oman,  and  Mr.  C.  R. 
Beazley,  also  nominated  by  the  Council,  were  re- 
elected Members  of  Council. — The  Council  presented 
their  annual  report  for  the  session  1895-6,  which 
was  unanimously  adopted.— The  President  delivered 
his  annual  address,  the  subject  of  which  was  the 
value  of  the  work  of  Polybius  as  an  historian. 


Bibliographical.— Feb.  15.— Dr.  Garnett,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair.— Mr.  R.  Steele  read  a  paper 
'  On  Early  Books  on  Arithmetic,'  with  special  refer- 
ence to  those  printed  in  England.  The  paper  was 
divided  into  two  parts,  the  first  dealing  with  the 
bibliography  of  the  subject,  while  the  second  gave 
a  brief  conspectus  of  the  methods  of  arithmetic  in 
use  during  the  mediaeval  and  early  commercial 
epochs,  with  the  object  of  pointing  out  the  traces 
which  these  methods  left  on  the  English  treatises 
of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  ceuturies.  The 
first  important  work  dealing  with  arithmetic  in 
English  was  said  to  be  Robert  Record's  '  Ground  of 
Artes,'  which  between  1540  and  1699  went  through 
some  twenty  editions,  its  most  serious  rival  being 
Ilumfrey  Baker's  '  Well  Spriuge  of  Sciences,' fust 
printed  in  1562,  in  use  till  at  least  1670.  In  the 
second  part  of  the  paper  an  account  was  given  of 
the  abacus,  and  of  the  Arabic  system  of  arithmetic, 
or  algorism,  and  instances  were  given  of  the  light 
which  the  early  treatises  on  arithmetic  throw  on 
the  social  customs  and  man  tiers  of  thought  of  the 
day. — The  subsequent  discussion  turned  chiefly  on 
the  second  half  of  Mr.  Steele's  paper,  the  speakers 
being  the  President,  the  Bishop  of  Portsmouth,  Mr. 
II.  P..  Wheatley,  Mr.  C.  Davis,  Mr.  C.Welsh,  and 
Mr.  F.  Jeukinson. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THH   ENSUING  WEEK. 
Mo*,       \irtnria  Institute.  4}  —  The  Relations  of  Science  and  Faith  ' 
Prol  <;   Maclosktc 

—  London  Institution,  8  — 'Ths  lli'tory  of  llnntgcn's  \  Hays  and 

their  Practical  Application^.    Mi    II    L  •loncs. 

—  ltoMti  [nttUution,  fi     t.cnoi-ai  Monthly 

—  BnglJ  Note*  ""  the  Proposed   ltv  law*  o!  the  London 

t  imntv  Council  with   rot] C  to  Monti   Drainage,'  Mr    ,1    1" 

Barber. 

—  Society   of  Arts,  B,— "The    Industrial  l'«es  of  Cellulose,    1., 

lure  III  .  Mr  c  S  Orou     i<  antor  Lecture  ) 

—  Institute  of  Ilrltish  Architects,  8 


Royal  Institution,  3.  — '  Animal  Electricity,'  Prof.  A.  IX  Waller. 
Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  Gesso,'  Mr  M.  Webb. 

Zoological,  8. — '  The  Growth  of  Hair  upon  the  Human  Ear  and 
its  Testimony  to  the  shape.  Size,  and  Position  of  the  Ancestral 
Organ,'  Mr.  H.  M.  Wallis ;  'Notes  on  a  Visit  to  the  Bird 
Islands,  Saldanha  Bay,  South  Africa,' Mr  G.  Bolton;  'Collec- 
tion of  Earthworms  from  South  Africa  belonging  to  the  Genus 
Acanthodriius.'  Mr.  F.  E  Beddard. 

Biblical  Archaeology,  8— 'The  Climate  of  Ancient  Egypt,' Dr. 
Grant-Bey. 

Civil  Engineers,  8.— Further  Discussion  on  '  The  Main  Drainage 
of  London  '  and  '  The  Purification  of  the  Thames ' ;  Ballot  for 
Members. 

Archaeological  Institute,  4.—' The  Portraits  of  Pompei,'  Mr. 
H.  P.  F   Marriott 

Entomological,  8  —'The  Prothoracic  Gland  of  Dicranura  tinula,' 
Mr.  O.  H  Latter. 

Society  of  Arts,  8  —'English  Orchards,'  Mr  G  Gordon. 

British    Archaeological    Association,    8, --'Some    Seventeenth 
Century  Records  of  Absentees  from  Church,'  Mr  T.  Blashill. 
.  Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Greek  History  and  Extant  Monuments,' 
Prof.  P.  Gardner. 

Royal,  4£. 

London  Institution,  6.— '  Cheapside,'  Rev.  Canon  Benham. 

Linnean,  8.  — '  A  Trichoderma  parasitic  on  Pelliaepiphylla,  Corda,' 
Mr  W.  G  P.  Ellis  ;  '  New  Species  ol  Perichajta  from  New 
Britain,' &c  ,  Dr.  \V.  B.  Benham. 

Chemical,  8. 

Society  of  Arts,  8.—'  The  Mechanical  Production  of  Cold,'  Lec- 
ture VI  ,  Prof.  J.  A  Ewing.    (Howard  Lecture.) 

Antiquaries,  8}.  — Election  of  Fellows 

Philological,  8.— A  Paper  by  Prof  G.  Foster. 

Geologists'  Association,  8. — '  Some  Properties  of  Precious 
Stones,' Prof  H  A.  Miers. 

Royal  Institution,  y— '  Some  Curiosities  of  Vision,'  Mr.  S.  Bid- 
well. 

Royal  Institution,  3.—'  Electricity  and  Electrical  Vibrations,' 
Lord  Rayleigh. 


%titntt  <f0ssigr. 

The  following  are  the  changes  proposed  in 
the  office-bearers  and  Council  of  the  Chemical 
Society :  as  President,  Prof.  J.  Dewar,  rice  Mr. 
A.  G.  Vernon  Harcourt  ;  as  Vice-Presidents, 
Prof.  W.  Ramsay  and  Prof.  J.  Emerson  Rey- 
nolds, vice  Prof.  Dewar  and  Mr.  Horace  T. 
Brown  ;  as  ordinary  members  of  Council,  Mr. 
C.  T.  Heycock,  Dr.  Rudolph  Mensel,  Dr.  T. 
Kirke  Rose,  and  Dr.  A.  Scott,  vice  Dr.  B.  Dyer, 
Dr.  G.  H.  Morris,  Mr.  W.  A.  Shenstone,  and 
Dr.  T.  Stevenson. 

The  death  is  announced  of  Prof.  Weierstrass, 
the  celebrated  mathematician,  in  his  eighty-first 
year.  He  had  held  the  Chair  of  Mathematics 
in  the  University  of  Berlin  for  over  forty  years. 
He  had  been  a  Correspondent  of  the  Institute 
since  1868,  and  was  also  a  Foreign  Member  of 
the  Royal  Society. 

Mr.  J.  R.  B.  Masefielp,  Vice-President  of 
the  North  Staffordshire  Naturalists'  Field  Club, 
has  written  a  small  volume  on  '  Wild  Bird 
Protection  and  Nesting  Boxes,'  which  gives 
illustrations  of  various  designs  of  boxes, 
brackets,  &c,  that  have  actually  been  used 
by  wild  birds  for  nidi6cation.  It  also  contains 
a  list  of  the  orders  made  under  the  Wild  Birds 
Protection  Acts  on  the  application  of  County 
Councils,  with  the  names  of  the  species  pro- 
tected. Messrs.  Taylor  Brothers,  of  Leeds,  are 
the  publishers. 

The  twenty-sixth  congress  of  the  Gesellschaft 
fiir  Chirurgie  will  be  held  at  Berlin,  under  the 
presidency  of  Prof.  Bruns  of  Tubingen,  from 
the  21st  to  the  24th  of  April.  The  bearing  of 
the  Rontgen  rays  upon  surgery  will  form  one 
of  the  three  principal  subjects  of  discussion. 

The  planet  Mercury  is  still  visible  in  the 
early  morning,  but  will  soon  cease  to  be  so,  as 
in  the  latter  part  of  next  month  he  will  be 
approaching  superior  conjunction  with  the  sun. 
Venus  about  the  same  time  will  attain  her 
greatest  brilliancy  as  an  evening  star  ;  she  is 
passing  in  an  easterly  direction  through  the 
constellation  Aries,  and  will  be  in  conjunction 
with  the  crescent  moon  on  the  7th  prox.  Mars 
continues  to  decrease  in  brightness,  but  will  be 
visible  until  past  midnight  throughout  the  month 
of  March,  situated  during  the  latter  part  of  it  in 
the  constellation  Gemini  ;  he  will  be  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  moon  (then  just  entered  on  her  first 
quarter)  on  the  night  of  the  11th.  Jupiter  is  still 
a  brilliant  object  during  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
night,  in  the  western  part  of  Leo  ;  he  will  be  in 
conjunction  with  the  moon  on  the  morning  of 
the  17th  prox.  Saturn  does  not  rise  until  about 
midnight,  being  in  the  constellation  Scorpio. 

A  si'F.t  ial  meeting  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society  is  to  lie  held  on  Tuesday  next,  the  2nd 
prox.,  at  4.;i()  p.m.,  to  receive  the  medalist, 
Prof.  Barnard,  who  was  to  have  been  present 
at  the  general   meeting   on  the    12th   inst.  (as 


284 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNjEUM 


N°3618,  Feb.  27, '97 


stated    in    our    "Snrinv    GoMip"OB   tho  13th), 
hut   did    not    arrive   in    time  in   omseuiienco  of 

delay  imhmiI  liy  bad  weather,  l'mf.  Barnard 
will  exhibit  some  of  Ins  photograph*  iit  the 
•iiiir ;  later  in  the  weak  he  proposes  to  start 
on  bis  return  journey,  and  shortly  to  oommenos 
irork  at  the  new  Verkus  Obeervatoxy. 


FINE    ARTS 


Ford  Madox  Brown  :  a  Record  of  his  Life  and 
Work.  By  F.  M.  Hueffer."  Illustrated. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) 

(First  Notice.) 

The  first  thing  a  sympathizing  reader,  if 
he  be  a  man  of  taste,  is  sure  to  do  with  this 
volume  will  be  to  cover  up  its  binding. 
That  done  he  will,  if  he  knew  Madox 
Brown,  regret  that  the  portrait  which  faces 
chap.  i.  is  not  more  worthy  of  a  manly 
painter,  to  whom  its  affectations  hardly  do 
justice.  Thirdly,  if  he  have  not  unlimited 
time  to  spare,  he  must  needs  wish  that  Mr. 
Hueffer  had  been  somewhat  less  diffuse 
in  what  he  says  about  his  great-great- 
grandfather, the  "Author  of  the  Bruno- 
nian  System "  of  medicine.  Mr.  Hueffer 
is  also  too  prolix  when  he  treats  of 
the  minute  details  of  his  grandfather's 
family  affairs  and  the  small  events  of 
his  boyish  career.  It  really  matters  very 
little  whether  or  not  Madox  Brown's  father 
possessed  the  washhand  stand  and  an  arm- 
chair of  which  we  read  on  p.  21.  It  is  of 
much  more  importance  that,  in  1839,  Brown 
himself  won  the  praise  of  his  teacher  in 
Antwerp,  Baron  Wappers — the  admirable 
master  of  many  admirable  painters — and, 
as  we  have  reason  to  know,  the  warm  appre- 
ciation of  Slingineyer,  an  excellent  artist, 
who  painted  the  '  Martyr  in  the  Reign  of 
Diocletian,'  which  was  No.  1843  in  the 
Belgian  Section  of  the  International  Exhi- 
bition at  South  Kensington — not  in  1871,  as 
Mr.  Hueffer  has  it,  but  in  1 862 — a  picture  well 
known  by  an  engraving.  It  is  of  still  more 
importance  as  explaining  how  it  came  about 
that  Madox  Brown,  naturally  resolute  and 
self-reliant,  not  to  say  obstinate — character- 
istics which  adhered  to  him  through  life  and 
formed  the  basis  of  much  of  his  career  in  art 
as  well  as  of  his  dealings  with  others — in- 
herited an  income  which,  small  as  it  was, 
partly  relieved  him  from  that  necessity 
which  has  compelled  so  many  artists  to 
debase  their  powers  and  skill  to  the 
demands  of  the  market. 

Despite  not  a  few  lapses  from  good  taste, 
Mr.  Hueffer  writes,  we  are  bound  to 
say,  with  no  lack  of  tenderness  and  grati- 
tude, although  it  cannot  be  denied  that 
that  sense  of  humour  and  delight  in  a  joke 
which  ho  has  inherited  from  the  "  Author  of 
the  Brunonian  System  "  does  now  and  then 
startle  readers.  It  must  be  admitted,  too,  that 
the  much -loved  "Bruno"  of  the  P-R.B. 
not  only  enjoyed  a  joke,  even  when  it  told 
against  himself,  but  often  laid  himself  open 
to  the  jokes  of  others.  With  regard  to  the 
development  of  his  character,  of  which  his 
art  was  simply  the  expression,  his  bio- 
grapher might  have  spoken  at  groater 
length  than  he  has  done  of  the  qualities 
of  those  tentative  pictures  in  which,  even 
in  the  choice  of  the  subjects,  it  is  easy  to 
detect  idiosyncrasies  which  marked  the 
painter  through  the  whole  of  his  long  career. 


Tho  youth  was  destined  more  than  once 
to  essay  similar  subjects  who,  in  183(j, 
painted  the  '  Head  of  a  Flemish  Fish- 
wife'  and  'A  Blind  Beggar  and  his  Child,' 
and,  a  little  later,  'A  Friday  of  the  Poor,' 
'Job  among  the  Ashes,'  'Elizabeth  at  the 
Death-Bed  of  the  Countess  of  Nottingham,' 
and,  above  all,  '  Flamand  voyant  passer  le 
Due  d'Albe '  and  '  Col.  Kirk  showing  the 
Woman  ho  had  deceived  the  Corpse  of  her 
Husband  hanging  on  the  Gallows.'  These 
themes  indicate  Brown's  liking  for  passionate 
motives,  such  as  men  brooding  over  their 
wrongs,  illustrations  of  the  tyranny  of 
modern  society,  class  grievances,  and  demo- 
cratic legends  which,  true  or  false,  were 
more  or  less  tragic.  As  a  humourist, 
too,  he  affected  a  certain  unrefined 
grotesqueness  in  many  of  his  tragedies 
and  grim  comedies,  such  as  '  Ehud 
and  Eglon,'  '  The  Expulsion  of  the 
Danes  from  Manchester,'  '  Cordelia's  Por- 
tion,' 'Harold'  (both  versions),  '  Parting  of 
Cordelia,'  '  Work,'  '  The  Last  of  England,' 
'  Death  of  Sir  Tristram,'  and  '  Joseph's 
Coat.'  Not  one  of  these  (and  they  include 
the  greater  number  of  Brown's  masterpieces) 
but  offers  indications  of  a  sardonic  tempera- 
ment which  is  decidedly  rare  in  modern  art, 
and  probably  obtruded  itself  in  the  earlier 
pictures  we  have  named,  some  of  which  have 
doubtless  vanished.  In  'Ehud,'  'Harold,' 
'  The  Last  of  England,'  and  '  Sir  Tristram ' 
the  force  of  this  mocking  spirit  was  very 
strongly  marked.  In  some  of  the  others, 
especially  in  '  Work  ' — a  much  overrated 
picture,  though  an  exhaustive  illustration 
of  Brown's  technical  powers,  and  a  perfect 
expression  of  the  moodiness  which  at  times 
swayed  him — it  is  to  be  seen  in  its  most 
prosaic  guise. 

Mr.  Hueffer  is  right  in  describing  Brown's 
large  picture  of  life-size  figures,  '  The  Exe- 
cution of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,'  as  the 
first  of  his  great  historical  works.  Produced 
in  1839-40,  it  is  a  noble  example  of  style, 
full  of  passion,  well  composed  and  compact 
in  all  its  arrangements,  and  in  these  respects 
it  differs  materially  from  such  works  as 
youths  of  nineteen  are  wont  to  produce. 
As  we  saw  it  long  before  it  was  restored  in 
1889,  it  is  easy  for  us  to  praise  the  large- 
ness of  its  draughtsmanship ;  the  firmness 
of  its  drawing ;  the  suitability  (in  spite 
of  certain  not  unnatural  exaggerations)  of 
the  expressions,  which  have  something  of 
the  tendency  to  mockery  to  which  we  have 
alluded ;  and  the  homogeneity  of  its  colour 
scheme.  Most  painters  of  such  a  subject 
would  have  represented  Queen  Mary  as 
much  younger  than  she  really  was,  and 
even  drawn  her  features  from  portraits 
taken  in  France  ;  but  Brown  had  ovidently 
selected  for  his  model  the  statue  erected 
by  her  son  in  Henry  VII. 's  Chapel.  It  is 
likewise  evident  that  he  saw  the  importance 
of  exaggerating  those  traces  of  time  and 
pain  which  King  James's  sculptor  flinched 
from  reproducing  in  his  marble.  Brown 
knew  that  when  Mary's  head  fell  at 
Fotheringhay  her  scanty  tresses  were  grey  ; 
he  likewise  knew  that  she  was  then  some- 
what lame,  and  that  in  confinement  she 
had  grown  stout.  The  infusion  of  melo- 
drama, not  to  say  clap-trap,  which  to  some 
oxtont  mars  tho  design,  is  less  conspicuous 
than  might  be  lookedforfrom  a  youth  trained 
in  the  Belgian  school,  and  it  is  manifest  that 


can  admire 
of  '  Parisina,' 
matter  of   immense 


the 
and 


Brown  very  soon  followed  Johnson's  counsel 
and  "  cleared  his  mind  of  cant,"  although 
there  are  still  traces  of  it  in  the  too  B\  i 
'  .Manfred,'  which  followed  '  Queen  Man.' 
Mr.  Hutfler  thinks  the  contrary;  b. 
take  it  that  all  Brown's  subjects  trow) 
Byron  (except  '  Parisina's  Sleep,'  whi<  h 
followed  '  Manfred  ')  are  tainted  with 
Byronic  vices.  We 
design  and  execution 
it  has  always  been  a 
surprise  that  the  authorities  of  the  Salon 
rejected  it  in  1843,  "the  subject  being  too 
improper,"  while  in  1845  those  of  the 
British  Institution  did  not  flinch  from  ex- 
hibiting it.  To  the  Byronic  affectation  suc- 
ceeded in  Brown's  mind  in  1843-4,  and  as 
became  a  youth  of  twenty- one,  a  Dumas 
cult,  among  the  manifestations  of  which 
were  some  Monte  Cri6to-ish  stories.  <  >f 
these  a  good  specimen  is  an  anecdote  Brown, 
in  later  days,  loved  to  teli  to  the  effect  that, 
in  order  to  raise  the  wind,  Alexandre,  at 
the  height  of  his  popularity,  said  to  a  cer- 
tain costumier,  "Pay  me  a  million  francs 
and  I  will  sit  in  your  shop  window  for  an 
hour."  That  said  and  done,  the  news 
spread.  All  Paris  rushed  to  see  the  idol 
in  the  part  of  his  tailor's  dummy. 

"Foreshortened  in  the  tracts  of  Time" 
as  most  of  the  earlier  events  of  his  grand- 
sire's  life  must  needs  be  to  Mr.  Hueffer,  it 
is  not  surprising  that  the  account  he  gives 
of  Brown's  appearances  in  the  Westminster 
Hall  exhibitions  is  inadequate  to  explain 
the  effects  of  them  upon  the  artist's  future 
career.  In  the  eyes  of  those  students  whose 
voices  were  to  become  the  Fame  of  the  future, 
'Parisina'  had,  even  before  it  was  at  the 
British  Institution  in  1845,  compelled  at- 
tention to  any  work  of  Brown's.  At  West- 
minster Hall  in  1844  the  great  cartoon 
of  'The  Body  of  Harold  brought  to  the 
Conqueror,'  now  at  the  South  London  Gal- 
lery, added  prodigiously  to  his  reputation. 
Private  notes  made  at  the  time  by  one  of  the 
ablest  leaders  of  public  opinion,  a  marked 
catalogue  belonging  to  another  (presented 
to  the  present  writer),  the  warm  praise  of 
Maclise,  Dyce,  E.  M.  Ward,  and  E.  Armi- 
tage,  all  of  them  eminent  competitors  with 
Brown,  were,  of  course,  of  greater  ultimate 
value  than  any  commendations  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  exhibitions  (most  of  them 
laymen)  bestowed  on  the  painter.  Rossetti's 
enthusiasm  was  roused,  as  he  told  us,  to  the 
highest  pitch  by  '  Parisina,'  the  cartoons, 
and  '  Wycliffe,'  the  last  of  which  he  saw  at 
Hyde  Park  Corner  in  1848.  There  is,  by 
the  way,  an  error  in  the  catalogue  before 
us  (p.  435\  which  dates  'Wycliffe'  as 
"begun  18G7-8";  it  should  have  been 
"  1847-S."  This  catalogue  needs  much 
revising.  Thus,  on  the  same  page,  it  is 
stated  that  Brown's  '  Infant's  Eepast '  was 
at  Hyde  Park  Corner  in  1848;  it  should 
have  been  1849,  when  it  accompanied  'King 
Lear'  and  two  portraits.  That  Brown  and 
most  of  the  P-E.B.  acted  and  reacted  upon 
each  other  is  manifest.  This  was  the  case 
with  regard  to  Rossetti  more  than  the  others, 
but  it  is  absurd  to  describe  Brown  as  the 
founder  ;  he  was,  in  fact,  hardly  an  "  elder 
brother"  of  the  society;  he  was  not  par- 
ticularly intimate  with  its  leaders  till  it  was 
established ;  and  when  two  Brethren  sounded 
him  on  the  subject  he  specifically  declined  to 
be  elected  a  member,  alleging,  with  what 


N°3618.  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


285 


sincerity  his  practice  proved,  that  he  could 
not  accept  some  of  its  canons. 

Mr.  Hueffer,  too,  is  wrong  in  calling 
Deverell  a  P-R.B.,  which  he  was  not ;  and 
he  does  not  say  that  Miss  Siddal  (Mrs. 
D.  G.  Rossetti)  sat  for  the  lady  who,  with 
clasped  hands,  listens  in  rapt  attention  to 
the  '  Story  of  distance,'  as  its  author  reads 
it  in  Brown's  large  picture  of  '  Chaucer  at 
the  Court  of  Edward  III.'  In  quoting  from 
the  Athenceum  of  that  day  a  criticism  of 
great  care  and  acumen  upon  the  '  Chaucer ' 
picture,  Mr.  Hueffer  does  not  seem  to  be 
aware  that  it  was  written  by  Mr.  Solomon 
Hart,  who  likewise  wrote  for  this  journal 
a  highly  appreciative  notice  of  Eossetti,  and 
was,  in  fact,  the  first  critic  of  note  who 
took  pains  enough  to  study  either  Brown 
or  Eossetti.  What  Mr.  Hueffer  may,  after 
this,  think  of  Brown's  expletives  (p.  78) 
against  "  that  animal  Hart,"  it  is  not  for 
us  to  say. 

On  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Hueffer  is  right  in 
suggesting  that  W.  B.  Scott's  assertion  that 
a  drawing  school  in  Camden  Town,  in  which 
Mr.  Cave  Thomas,  T.  Seddon,  and  Madox 
Brown  were  warmly  concerned,  was  intended 
"  to  run  in  opposition  to  the  Eoyal  Academy 
Schools,"  is  on  a  par  with  many  of  Scott's 
anecdotes ;  and  he  need  not  have  taken 
notice  of  Scott's  statement  that  the  fewness 
of  Millais's  shavings  in  '  The  Carpenter's 
Shop '  was  due  to  Brown  and  his  school. 
Millais  had  won  a  Gold  Medal  at  the  Eoyal 
Academy  years  before  1850,  when  the 
school  for  artisans  and  lads  was  set  up  in 
Camden  Town.  Mr.  Hueffer  says  that 
Brown  wrote  for  the  Germ  an  elaborate 
essay  '  On  the  Mechanism  of  an  Historical 
Picture';  this  is  true,  but  he  ought  to  have 
added  that  Brown  wrote  in  the  same  maga- 
zine a  fine  sonnet  on  '  The  Love  of  Beauty.' 
He  is  in  error  as  to  "the  luckless"  Germ 
having"  roused  the  anti-innovating  forces  of 
the  country  and  brought  down  the  fulmina- 
tions  of  their  wrath  upon  the  pictures  of  the 
school."  How  could  this  be  when  nobody 
would  buy  the  Germ  even  for  a  shilling? 
He  errs  again  in  thinking  that  the  head  of 
St.  John  in  Brown's  '  Christ  washes  Peter's 
Feet,'  now  in  the  National  Gallery,  was 
painted  from  Christina  Eossetti.  There  was 
excuse  for  this  belief  before  the  lady  found 
herself  unable  to  remember  sitting  for  the 
head  ;  but  Mr.  W.  Eossetti  is  certainly  mis- 
taken in  supposing  Deverell,  whom  it  does  not 
at  all  resemble,  sat  for  it.  W.  B.  Scott  sat, 
we  think,  for  one  of  the  Apostles,  and  this 
is  not  mentioned  here.  The  rest  of  the 
account  is  correct  enough.  "We  shall  have  to 
speak  further  of  the  history  of  this  picture 
and  its  original  reception  at  the  Academy ; 
but,  meanwhile,  let  us  say  that  the  notice 
which  follows  concerning  that  most  pathetic 
picture,  '  The  Last  of  England,'  now  in  the 
gallery  at  Birmingham,  is  correct  and  in- 
teresting, though  we  think— allowing  for 
the  intrinsic  importance  of  the  picture, 
and  the  fact  that  it  secured  for  Brown  for 
the  first  time  fairly  adequate  appreciation 
among  the  general  public— not  sufficient. 
The  group  of  the  angry  emigrant  and  his 
confiding  companion  are  admirably  painted 
portraits  of  the  artist  and  his  second 
wife,  while  the  supposed  incident  which 
forms  the  subject  of  the  picture  had 
its  origin  in  the  resentment  Brown  felt 
when,    finding  himsolf    neglected    by    the 


London  world,  he  was  strongly  tempted  to 
follow  Woolner  to  the  Southern  hemi- 
sphere, if  not  to  dig  for  gold,  as  the 
sculptor  did,  at  least  to  take  land  and 
become  a  sheep  farmer.  The  idea  of  doing 
this  was  impressed  upon  him  by  his  having 
accompanied  Woolner  so  far  as  Gravesend 
on  his  setting  out.  The  brilliant  painting, 
the  vividness  of  the  cold  daylight,  the  cheer- 
lessnessof  the  bleak  sea  wind,  and  the  pathos 
of  the  whole,  to  say  nothing  of  the  fine 
drawing  and  strong  harmonious  colours  of 
the  work,  make  '  The  Last  of  England  '  not 
only  one  of  Brown's  masterpieces,  perhaps 
the  greatest  of  them,  but  one  of  the 
noblest  pictures  painted  in  England  in 
his  lifetime.  In  our  second  notice  of  this 
interesting  biography  we  shall  be  able 
to  discuss  Brown's  relations  with  the 
P-E.B.  as  a  society  and  with  the  Eoyal 
Academy,  both  matters  of  great  importance 
to  Brown,  in  regard  to  the  first  of  which 
Mr.  Hueffer  entertains  confused  notions, 
while  as  to  the  second  it  will  be  easy  to 
show  that,  like  Brown,  he  is  far  from  just 
or  even  reasonable. 


MINOR   EXHIBITIONS. 


The  collection  of  noteworthy  English  drawings 
formed,  as  we  stated  last  week,  by  Messrs. 
Agnew  &  Sons  in  the  Old  Bond  Street  Galleries 
is  at  least  as  attractive  as  any  of  the  similar 
gatherings  this  firm  has  brought  together  from 
year  to  year.  Of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
examples  there  is  not  one  we  should  prefer  not 
to  see  again  ;  a  large  proportion  of  them  are  of 
extraordinary  merit ;  and  very  many  have,  each 
in  its  way,  no  superiors.  The  whole  repre- 
sents English  art  of  the  kind  at  its  best. 
The  most  important  are,  in  the  order  of  the 
Catalogue  (which  is,  of  course,  not  the  order  of 
their  value),  G.  Barret's  brilliant  and  famous 
Classical  Landscape,  Sunset  (No.  5),  and  his 
excellent  and  characteristic  Tow-path  (115)  ; 
De  Wint's  digni6ed  Buildwas  Abbey  (9),  Bolton 
Abbey  (53),  and  his  excellent  idyl  Milking  Time 
(74)  ;  H.  G.  Hine's  Black  Cap,  near  Lewes,  a 
grand  yet  simple  drawing  (10),  and  his  noble 
Mount  Harry,  near  Lewes  (94)  ;  D.  Cox's 
Bettws-y-Coed  Churchyard  (14),  a  notable 
specimen  of  his  middle  period ;  Crossing  the 
Stream  (37),  a  later  and  more  popular  work  ; 
Kenilworth  (42),  a  very  sober  and  fine  piece  ; 
Haddon  (209),  and  Near  Bettws-y-Cocd  (212) ; 
Sir  John  Gilbert's  Scene  from  '  Henry  IV.' 
(27),  a  work  full  of  spirit  and  tragic  force  ; 
J.  Holland's  Hospital  of  the  Pieta,  Venice.  (36), 
a  brilliant  and  pure  drawing  ;  Copley 
Fielding's  Off  Scarborough  (41)  ;  Edridge's 
Village  Church  (50),  choice  and  sweet, 
though  somewhat  weak  ;  L.  Haghe's  Tournay 
Cathedral  (55),  depicting  that  Romanesque, 
semicircular  fragment,  the  end  of  the  south 
crossing,  with  skill  and  tact,  but  giving  little 
idea  of  its  grandeur  ;  Sir  E.  Burne-Jones's 
beautifully  coloured  Cupid  and  Psyche  (66)  ; 
Mr.  Wilfred  Ball's  pathetic  Coming  Night, 
Surrey  (69)  ;  A.  Powell's  sincere  and  neat 
Llanberis  (75)  ;  and  The  Studio  (76),  Mr.  Alma 
Tadema's  learned  and  powerful  drawing  of 
his  studio.  Next  to  these  hangs  a  group 
of  W.  Hunt's  marvellous  exercises  in 
colour,  draughtsmanship,  humour,  and  pathos, 
including  Boy  with  a  Pitcher  (110) ;  The 
Gardener's  Daughter  (112)  ;  The  Sum,  a  boy  in 
arithmetical  difficulties  (117)  ;  Poses  in  a  Jar, 
and  Fruit  (210)  ;  A  Negro  Boy  (217)  ;  Pineapple 
and  Grapes,  a  marvel  of  modelling  and  veri- 
similitude, treated  with  brilliancy  and  breadth  of 
stylo  (218)  ;  and  Flowers  in  a  Jug  (227),  which  is 
flower  painting  at  its  beat.  Besides  these,  there 
are  several  admirable,  but  less  important  fruit 
and  flower  pieces  of  his,  such  as  Sloes  and  Plums 


(111),  Dog-Pose  (143),  Apple-Blossom  (144),  May- 
Blossom  (173),  and  the  delightful  Bed  Jug  and 
Birds'  Eggs  (177).  Then  come  Apollo  (121),  by 
Mr.  Briton  Riviere  ;  Minehead  (185),  by  G.  P. 
Boyce  ;  and  three  exquisite  exercises  in  white 
and  fairy  tints  by  Miss  M.  L.  Gow,  who  paints  as 
Prospero's  Ariel  might  do  if  he  "took  to  art," 
The  Interlude  (167),  A  Frolic  (188),  and  The 
Necklace  (196).  Albert  Moore's  Classic  Figure 
(204)  is  an  extremely  fine  and  mannered  drawing 
of  a  stalwart  girl  in  quasi-classic  draperies,  and 
J.  Holland's  La  Grande  Horloge,  Rouen  (211), 
is  good  and  sound.  The  last,  if  not  the  noblest 
set  of  drawings,  consists  of  not  fewer  than 
fifteen  Turners,  the  most  noteworthy  of  which 
Richmond,     Yorkshire     (239)  ;     Minehead 


are 


(245)  ;  the  Girtin-like  Brecon  Castle  and  Bridge 
(246) ;  The  Valley  of  Jehoshaphat  (247),  which, 
like  some  of  its  neighbours,  has  been  engraved  ; 
Zurich  (248)  ;  and  A  Watermill  (256).  Besides 
these  the  student  will  find  capital  examples 
by  J.  Varley,  S.  Prout,  G.  F.  Robson,  G. 
Chambers,  G.  A.  Fripp,  J.  Linnell,  J.  F. 
Lewis,  Mr.  MacWhirter,  Sir  J.  E.  Millais  (see 
189),  Sir  J.  E.  Poynter  (193),  J.  Constable, 
and  T.  Dan  by. 

AttheFine-Art  Society'sGalleryareto  be  seen 
a  number  of  careful  and  pleasing,  if  not  tran- 
scendency interesting  drawings  by  Mr.  A.  W. 
Rimington,  illustrating  his  "Wanderings  in 
Italy."  Of  these  the  visitor  should  look  at 
The  Towers  of  San  Francesco,  Bologna  (4)  ; 
Courtyard  of  the  Palazzo  Bevilacqua,  Bologna 
(7) ;  The  Lagoons  near  Torcello  (14),  which 
is  exceptionally  artistic  and  attractive  ;  At 
Amalfi  (17)  ;  San  Domcnico,  Bologna  (21)  ;  The 
Palazzo  Pubblico,  Vicenza  (43)  ;  Via  Pellicini, 
Verona  (76)  ;  Facciata  del  Duomo,  Siena  (85)  ; 
In  the  Piazza  d'Erbe,  Verona  (100)  ;  and,  the 
best  of  all,  Drawbridge  at  Mantua  (108). 

At  the  Dowdeswell  Galleries  may  be  seen  a 
number  of  highly  effective  and  deftly  drawn 
sketches  by  Mr.  J.  Aumonier  of  "  Old  Brighton 
Pier." 


POMPEY's    PILLAR   AT   ALEXANDRIA. 

I  need  not  insist  how  completely  the  origin 
and  history  of  this  famous  monument  have  been 
a  mystery  to  the  learned.  It  stands  in  a  most 
prominent  position,  it  has  ever  been  a  landmark 
to  sailors,  it  bears  upon  the  west  face  of  its 
huge  basement  stone  an  inscription  from  an 
unknown  eparch  of  Egypt,  probably  called 
Posidius,  to  the  Emperor  Diocletian.  This  is 
all  that  is  certain,  and  so  far  even  the  name  of 
the  eparch  has  been  disputed.  The  conjecture 
Pompeius  (for  which  there  is  insufficient  room) 
has  caused  the  whole  to  be  called  Pompey's 
Pillar.  Most  critics  have  assumed  that  this 
gigantic  work  was  actually  set  up  about  303  a.d. 
by  an  obscure  magistrate  to  the  emperor  who  had 
just  punished  Egypt  for  its  revolt  with  relent- 
less severity.  But  he  had  also,  it  seems,  given 
a  grant  of  corn  to  the  starving  populace  of  Alex- 
andria— hence  the  dedication  :  — 

Tov  [Ti/x]iW7aT0V  avroKparopa 
Tov  7roAioi'Yov  A\t£av&peia<s 
&ioi<k->]TiavovTOV  aveiKi/rov 

n<>[.  .  .  .  ]o?  €7Ta/5^0S  AtyV7TTOl'. 

But  the  erection  of  such  a  monolith  points  to 
some  greater  occasion,  and  to  wealthier  governors 
of  Egypt.  Hence  there  has  always  been  some 
suspicion  that  it  was  only  rededicated  to  Dio- 
cletian and  belongs  to  an  older  period.  A  care- 
ful survey  of  the  pillar  makes  this  almost 
certain.  The  capital,  a  bastard  form  between 
Egyptian  and  Corinthian,  is  too  large  for  the 
shaft  ;  the  stone,  though  of  the  same  kind 
(Aswan  granite),  is  browner,  and  from  some 
other  part  of  the  quarry.  We  know  from  the 
sailors  who  saw  the  top  in  1733  thai  there  was 
the  foot  of  a  bronze  (i^ilt  })  statue  still  (here. 
All  the  indications  point  to  the  dedication,  the 
capital,  and  the  statue  being  added  to  the  monu- 
ment in  honour  of  Diocletian. 


286 


T  II  E    AT  II  ENJE  U  M 


N#3618,  l'i  b.  27, 


Hut  i liit  waa  it  before  tint  date  I  Th< 
blodk  which  f. inns  the  base  of  the  monunienl  is 
ool  set  "ii  tlu)  live  rook,  but  <>n  ,-i  foundation  <>f 
maofa  smaller  and  various  atones  (granite,  lime- 
stone, Ae. ),  which  are  put  together  without  art 
or  care  for  appearance.  This  foundation,  now 
uncovered,  waa  evidently  meant  to  be  hidden 
by  ■  platform  of  earth,  on  which  the  peal  base 
aed  to  resti  Among  the  stones  utilized  for 
tlio  foundation  are  some  taken  from  Pharaonio 
monuments,  and  showing  oartouohea  of  Seti  [., 
Paamtik  11.,  &C.  It  is  most  unfortunate  that 
no  record  baa  been  kept  of  the  occasional  repair- 
ing of  this  foundation,  which  has  often  been 
disturbed  in  search  of  treasure. 

Bat  if  thi-  date  bo  indeed  that  of  the  Arsi- 
noeion.asDr.  Botti  suggests,  a  new  light  is  thrown 
upon  the  paasage  in  Pliny  which  has  long  per- 

Slexed  the  learned,  and  to  which  Admiral 
llomfield  called  my  attention  in  this  connexion. 
Here  it  is  (xxxvi.  14,  sq.).  Pliny  the  Elder, 
after  describing  the  greatest  of  all  the  obelisks 
in  Alexandria,  which  was  set  up  by  Ptolemy 
Philadelphia  to  his  wife,  eighty-tive  cubits 
high,  and  by  the  architect  Satyrus,  adds  : 
"Inde  eum  (obeliscum)  navalibus  incommoduin 
Maximus  quidem  pnofectus  yEgypti  transtulit 
in  forum,  reciso  cacumine,  dum  vult  fastigium 
addere  auratum,  quod  postea  omisit." 

There  was  no  forum  in  Alexandria,  and  what 
has  become  of  this  mighty  obelisk  1  All  the 
others  which  Pliny  describes  in  the  same 
passage  are  still  extant.  Why  should  such  a 
thing  interfere  with  dockyards  ?  I  need  not 
pile  up  difficulties.  I  propose  to  alter  com- 
pletely the  sense,  or  rather  to  make  sense  of 
the  passage,  in  the  following  way  :  "  Inde  eum 
navalibus  in  commodum,  Maximus,  &c,  trans- 
tulit in  pharum,"  &c. 

"  Navalia  "  is  commonl)*  used  by  Pliny  for 
shipping,  and  Maximus  wished  to  set  up  a 
beacon  on  this  obelisk,  whose  gilded  top  would 
glitter  and  do  the  service  in  the  day  done  by 
the  lighthouse  of  Sostratus  in  the  night.  I  had 
also  thought  of  </>avoi',  the  Greek  word  for  a 
beacon,  before  the  Pharos  gave  its  name  to  all 
lighthouses.  Thus  the  proposed  gilding  of  the 
top  acquires  its  meaning,  and  when  the  obelisk 
had  stood  for  many  years  with  its  mutilated  top, 
the  eparch  in  Diocletian's  time  undertook  two 
further  changes  :  (1)  he  set  a  capital  with  a 
gilded  statue  on  the  top,  and  to  correspond 
with  this  (2)  he  rounded  the  four -sided  monolith 
to  make  a  Corinthian  pillar.  So  the  great 
obelisk  of  Philadelphus  has  assumed  its  present 
form.  There  is  a  bad  flaw  on  the  south-east 
side,  which  seems  to  me  only  to  have  been  dis- 
covered when  the  stone  was  thus  cut  down. 
But  I  will  not  extend  this  long  statement. 

J.  P.  Mahaffy. 


SALES. 

Mf.ssrs.  Puttick  &  Simpson  sold  a  number 
of  scarce  engravings,  chiefly  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  on  the  24th  inst.  Amongst  the  best 
prices  realized  were  Lady  Elizabeth  Foster, 
74L,  and  Lady  Smythe  and  Children,  561.,  both 
after  Reynolds  by  Bartolozzi  ;  The  Fortune- 
teller, after  Reynolds,  461.  10s. ;  Lady  Hamil- 
ton, after  Romney,  49/.;  Nerissa,  by  J.  R. 
Smith,  53L;  Courtship  and  Matrimony,  after 
Williams  by  Jukes,  481.  10s.  The  total  of  the 
day's  sale  (180  lots)  amounted  to  1,278/. 

At  Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods's,  on 
the  20th  inst.,  the  late  Mr.  R.  Beavis's  drawing 
of  "Green  Sussex  fading  into  blue,  with  one 
grey  glimpse  of  sea,"  brought  75J. 

The  sale  of  the  drawings  in  chalks,  pastels,  and 
water  colours  collected  by  MM.  do  Goncourt, 
which  occurred  at  the  Hotel  Drouot  during  the 
last  week,  produced  a  total  of  695,729  francs. 
On  the  whole,  the  prices  were  very  high.  The 
largest  sums  were  given  as  follows :  Baudouin, 
L'Epouse  Indiscrete,  25,100  francs.  Boucher, 
Acade'mie  de  Femme,  18,500  ;  Femmc  vctue  a 
l'Espagnole,    10,100.      Fragonard,    Portrait  de 


i  uard  i  i  51  0;  Ditea  <1  roc,  -  il 
plait  !  12,000  La  Oulbute,  L8.100  I'  I 
t  i-llts,  l;  "  i  if.tnts  jouant  dana  une  Me'tairie, 
l  i  .,■  0  II  in,  Mad  im<  I  >  izon  dana  le  role 
de  Nina,  19,000.  Bforeau  It  jeune,  La  Revue 
da  Roi  -i  la  Plaine  dea  Sablona,  '_':•. <x»o.  pater, 
L'Atnour  el  le  Badinage,  3,900.  Portail,  Por- 
trait da  Peintre,  ■■  Um    1 1  une  en  <  trend 

Panier,  4,100;  Le  Blueieien,  3,150.    Bt.  Aubin, 
Portrait  d'Auguatin  <!<■.  Si.  Aubin,  15,100; 
moins  aoyez  Diacrei     1.8,500      v.  ,■-.  hi,  Figure 
de   Printempa,  24,100;  l'n  Mezzetin  Danaant, 
10,00(i  :  Feuille  d'Etudee,  17,r,00. 


<Jfiiu-^rl  (gosnir;. 

The  exhibition  of  Lord  Leighton's  pictures 
at  the  Royal  Academy  is  to  be  closed  on  Mon- 
day, the  15th  prox. 

Mr.  Watts,  in  honour  of  whose  eightieth 
birthday  Mr.  Swinburne  has  contributed  a 
sonnet  in  another  column,  came  to  London  the 
other  day  for  a  very  short  period.  He  is  in 
excellent  health,  and  has  now  returned  to  the 
country.  On  Tuesday,  his  eightieth  birthday, 
he  was  presented  with  an  address  of  congratu- 
lation signed  by  at  least  two  hundred  eminent 
men  and  women  of  our  time,  including  all  the 
members  of  the  Royal  Academy. 

The  exhibition  at  the  rooms  of  the  Fine-Art 
Society  of  drawings  by  G.  Du  Maurier,  to  which 
we  have  already  referred,  will  be  opened  to  the 
public  on  Monday  next  ;  the  private  view 
occurs  to-day  (Saturday). 

AVe  briefly  mentioned  last  week  the  gift  of 
Millais's  '  Yeoman  of  the  Guard '  to  the 
National  Gallery.  That  admirable  work  is  now 
on  a  screen  in  the  British  Section  of  the  Gallery. 
In  May,  1877,  when  it  was  at  the  Academy,  we 
said:  "Mr.  Millais's  'Yeoman  of  the  Guard' 
(52)  will  be  one  of  the  attractions  of  the  season. 
It  is  a  life-size,  seated  figure,  the  whole  nearly  in 
profile  to  our  left  ;  the  view  has  been  adopted 
probably  as  that  best  suited  to  the  motive  of 
the  subject,  severe  and  simple  as  that  motive 
is.  The  yeoman  wears  the  vivid  scarlet  state 
dress  of  the  corps,  which  is  trimmed  with  black 
and  gold,  and  bears  the  royal  initials  and 
emblems  on  his  broad  but  flat  chest  in  bold 
embroideries.  His  thin  grey  beard  rests  on  the 
ruff  which  encloses  his  neck  ;  on  his  head  is 
the  quaint  cap  of  black  velvet  bound  with  gay 
ribands,  the  showy  tints  of  which  contrast 
oddly  with  the  faded  features  and  hollow  con- 
tours of  the  face,  its  seared  and  serious  eyes. 
He  has  a  staff  in  one  hand,  a  packet  of  papers  in 
the  other,  and  seemingly  waits  orders  to  go  on 
a  long  journey,  doing  his  duty  the  while  in  this 
world.  Technically  speaking,  all  will  delight 
in  the  painting  of  the  red  dress,  the  flesh,  and 
the  cap."  We  may  add  that  Millais  himself  sanc- 
tioned our  interpretation  of  the  motive  of  his 
picture.  Besides  being  at  the  Academy,  this 
splendid  work  was  shown  at  the  Exposition 
Universelle,  Paris,  in  1878,  where  it  attracted 
the  attention  of  every  artist,  no  matter  of  what 
country,  who  saw  it  there  ;  it  was  No.  30  at  the 
Grosvenor  Gallery  with  other  Millaises  in  18S0, 
and  was  in  the  rooms  of  the  Fine-Art  Society 
in  1881.  It  was  in  obedience  to  her  late  hus- 
band's wish  that  Mrs.  Hodgkinson,  Millais's 
half-sister,  gave  it  to  the  nation. 

Many  surmises  have  been  afloat  of  late  about 
the  destination  of  the  Hertford  Collection,  but 
it  is  now  definitely  announced  that  it  has  been 
bequeathed  by  Lady  Wallace  to  the  nation. 
Every  visitor  to  recent  Academy  Winter  Ex- 
hibitions is  well  aware  that  it  contains  a  very 
large  number  of  admirable  pictures  of  the  best 
schools.  In  1872  the  whole  of  it  was  lent  by 
Sir  Richard  Wallace  to  the  Bethnal  Green 
Museum,  and  while  there  it  was  criticized  at  some 
length  in  these  columns.  It  counts  among  its 
Reynoldses  'Perdita,'  'The  Duke  of  Queens- 
berry  '  (i.  c,  "  Old  Q."),  '  Miss  Bowles,'  '  Nelly 


I »  Brian,   '  M  Sirl' 

lion),  '  I.  ir-Cona 

and  'Mi      Braddyll       I.     I  C.  Townahende) ; 
1  Miai  Boothy    sod  'A  Lady,   by  Gain  borough  ; 
and  of  Van  Dycke,  '  Wife  of  Philippe    ■    i: 
(the  King  of  Holland's)  and  '  Philippe!     1 
te).     There  are  also  Bobtx  ma's  bne  '  Land- 

■  ■,'    dated    "1663";    t:  ibow  '    Land- 

<:    by  Rubens,  '  Helena  Forman,'  and  ' 
Rubenaea  ;  seven  works  by  Berchem,  (»uardis, 
De    ll«  ems,    two    Lai  i  Le  Due,  I bree 

Leyses,  six  Meteua,  Murillo  .  II  .dea, 

eleven     Rembrandts,    dan     Ste<  n  .    Tenii  i 
Terburgs,      Turners,     Velazquezes,       Yi  n  i 
Watteaus,  Wilkies,  and  Wouvermans  ;  three  by 
Mile.  R.  Bonheur,  including  '  Highland  I 
thirty-eight    Boningtons ;    a    'Portrait    of    an 
Italian  Lady,'  by  Bronzino  ;  '  Boar  Asleep, '  by 
Brouwer  ;  seventeen  Canalettos,    all  of  Venice 
and  good  ;  an  AlonzoCano  ;  two  Claudes;  t: 
of  Gonzales  Coques's  groups  of  portraits  ;  thirty- 
four    pictures    of    high     merit     by    Decau. 
fifteen     by    Delaroche,    some    of    which    were 
lately  at  Burlington  House  ;  five  by  Fragonard  ; 
twenty-two  Greuzes,  some  of  which  are  of  the 
first  water  ;  a  superb  'Cavalier,'  by  F.    Hals; 
two  De  Hooghes,  one  of  them  being  the  famous 
'  Woman  peeling  Apples';  '  CuardoftheHareem' 
and 'Draught  Players,'  byM.  (Jerome  ;  and  fifteen 
Meissoniers,  among  them  '  Polichinelle,'   'Con- 
noisseurs,'  'Visitors,'  his  first  contributioi. 
the  Salon,  1834,  and  'Murderers  waiting  their 
Victim.'      These     names     and     the     numbers 
attached  to  them   will    give  some  idea  of   the 
stupendous  wealth   of  this  world-renowned  col- 
lection. 

In  consequence  of  the  interest  excited  by  the 
exhibition  of  drawings  in  water  colour  by  the 
late  Alfred  William  Hunt  at  the  Burlington 
Fine-Arts  Club,  the  Committee  have  decided 
that  it  shall  remain  open  until  Sunday, 
March  14th,  that  is  to  say,  a  fortnight  longer 
than  originally  arranged. 

Theke  is  some  talk  of  an  exhibition  of  Mr. 
Hunt's  drawings  being  formed  at  Liverpool. 

The  death  is  announced  at  Madrid  of  M.  Luis 
de  Madrazo  (brother  of  F.  de  Madrazo),  who  was 
born  at  the  Spanish  capital  in  1825,  and  studied 
under  his  father  Jose'.  He  painted  historical 
and  anecdotic  themes,  the  most  important  of 
which  are  '  Pelayo  at  Covadonga  '  and  '  The 
Funeral  of  St.  Cecilia.' 

The  Cl\roni(p(c  des  Arts  of  the  20th  inst.  con- 
tains the  first  portion  of  an  important  examina- 
tion, by  M.  S.  Reinach,  of  the  details  of  the 
discovery  of  the  Venus  of  Milo.  This  article 
is  characteristically  minute  and  thorough. 

The  French  Department  for  Public  In- 
struction is  preparing  a  topographic  plan  of 
ancient  Carthage,  to  form  the  first  part  of 
an  archaeological  atlas  of  Tunis.  M.  Cagnat, 
M.  Philippe  Berger,  and  M.  Clermont-Gmneau 
have  been  appointed  to  accomplish  this  work. 

The  Archreological  Commission  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Bari,  in  South  Italy,  will  publish  in  a 
few  weeks  the  first  volume  of  a  '  Codice  Diplo- 
matic Barese,'  containing  the  parchments  of 
the  Cathedral  of  Bari  written  from  the  tenth  to 
the  twelfth  century  a. p.  The  following  volumes 
will  be  devoted  to  the  historic  documents  of 
the  archives  of  the  province,  amongst  which 
those  of  the  celebrated  church  of  St.  Nicolas 
and  of  the  towns  of  Giovinazzo  and  Terlizzi  are 
particularly  important. 

A  Correspondent  writes  :  — 

"I  send  you  tlie  earliest  news  of  a  very  prec 
discovery  at  Nocera,in  Umbria,  not  far  from  Gualdo 
Tailino.  'A  landowner  lias  found  on  hi*  property 
the  body  of  a  Suabian  [.']  chieftain  lying  on  an  iron 
camp-bed.  Much  gold  decoration  adorns  his  armour 
and  helmet,  and  there  is  also  a  golden  Maltese  i 
on  the  breast  It  is  Bupposed  that  he  ma)  have 
been  a  member  of  the  suite  of  Frederick  II.  (twelfth 
centurj  "i  during  his  retreat  after  the  sit  g  I  of  Asfeisi. 
The  handle  of  the  sword  and  the  end  of  the  scabhard 
are  iu  massive  gold.'' 


N°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


287 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  James's  Hall.— Henschel  Concerts.   Messrs.  Greene 
and  Borwick's  Recital. 
Queen's  Hall.— Symphony  Concerts. 
St.  James's  Hall.— Popular  Concerts. 

As  nearly  as  possible  on  the  anniversary 
of  Wagner's  death  Mr.  Henschel  always 
gives  an  In  Memoriam  concert,  consisting  of 
selections  from  the  master's  works  and  Beet- 
hoven's '  Eroica'  Symphony.  This  took  place 
on  Thursday  evening  last  week,  the  Wag- 
nerian excerpts  being  the  Good  Friday 
music  from  '  Parsifal,'  the  Prelude  and 
Death  Song  from  '  Tristan  und  Isolde,'  the 
whole  of  the  final  scene  from  '  Die 
Walkiire,'  and  the  Walkiirenritt.  The 
vocal  parts  in  the  great  duet  were  well 
sustained  by  Madame  Marie  Duma  as 
Briinnhilde  and  Mr.  Charles  Clark  as 
Wotan.  The  latter  artist  is  an  American 
baritone  with  a  pleasant  and  well-trained, 
though  not  very  powerful  voice.  The 
orchestral  playing  was  about  up  to  the 
average  at  these  concerts. 

There  was  much  of  interest  in  the  selec- 
tion of  songs  at  Messrs.  Plunket  Greene 
and  Leonard  Borwick's  recital  on  the  after- 
noon of  the  next  day,  many  unfamiliar 
lyrics  being  given.  Among  them  were 
Bach's  '  Beglueckte  Heerde,'  Brahms's 
' Todessehnen,'  Schumann's  'The  Hero,' 
Prof.  Villiers  Stanford's  setting  of  the 
clown's  three  songs  from  '  Twelfth  Night,' 
and  songs  by  Mr.  H.  Walthew,  Mr. 
Augustus  Barratt,  and  Mr.  Lempriere 
Pringle.  All  these  were  finely  sung  by 
Mr.  Plunket  Greene,  though  signs  of 
fatigue  were  manifest  towards  the  close  of 
the  recital.  Pianists  seem  to  have  evinced 
a  sudden  liking  for  Brahms's  very  clever 
Variations  and  Fugue  on  a  Theme  by 
Handel,  Op.  24,  which  Mr.  Borwick  played 
extremely  well,  as  he  did  some  pieces  by 
Chopin,  Schumann,  and  Mendelssohn.  The 
recital  was  in  every  respect  artistically 
successful. 

The  third  Queen's  Hall  Symphony  Con- 
cert last  Saturday  afternoon  was  mainly 
devoted  to  the  compositions  of  Tschai- 
kowsky,  the  most  important  feature  being  the 
noble  '  Symphonie  Pathetique,'  which  grows 
more  and  more  upon  the  hearer  every  time 
it  is  performed,  and  on  this  occasion  it  was 
beautifully  interpreted  by  Mr.  Henry  J. 
Wood's  orchestra.  Another  enjoyable 
portion  of  the  programme  was  the  suite  of 
several  brief  and  light,  piquant  movements 
from  the  ballet  '  Casse-Noisette,'  first  given 
in  London  October  17th  last  year,  at  a 
Queen's  Hall  Promenade  Concert.  Less 
agreeable,  on  a  first  hearing,  was  the 
overture  to  the  morbid  and  tragic  drama 
'L'Orage'  by  Alexander  Ostrovsky,  first 
produced  in  1859,  and  after  thirty  years 
given  at  the  Theatre  Beaumarchais  in 
Pans.  This  is  Russian  in  the  strongest 
degree,  with  snatches  of  peaceful  melody 
and  orchestration,  but,  on  the  whole,  it  is 
barbaric,  and,  if  appropriate  to  the  subject, 
not  very  pleasant  as  abstract  music.  The 
introduction  of  Bach's  Chaconne  in  d  minor 
orchestrated  by  Raff  was  an  artistic  error 
Many  works  by  the  old  masters  need  re- 
touching in  ordor  to  make  them  acceptable 
o  present-day  amateurs,  but  Bach  wrote 
his  thaconne  for  violin  unaccompanied,  and 


there  was  no  occasion  to  interfere  with  it  as 
Mendelssohn  and  Schumann  with  their 
pianoforte  accompaniments,  and  Raff  with 
his  certainly  effective  instrumentation,  have 
done. 

Schubert's  magnificent  String  Quintet 
in  c,  Op.  163,  was  repeated  at  last  Satur- 
day's Popular  Concert,  and  the  only  other 
concerted  item  was  Mozart's  Duet  in  g  for 
violin  and  viola,  beautifully  played  by  Lady 
Halle  and  Mr.  Gibson.  This  work  was  com- 
posed as  an  act  of  kindness  by  Mozart. 
Michael  Haydn  was  very  ill  at  Salzburg, 
and  could  not  write  some  duets  ordered  by 
the  unlovable  prince-archbishop  who  ruled 
the  place.  Mozart  came  to  the  rescue  and 
penned  two  duets,  the  origin  of  which  was 
kept  a  secret  from  the  autocratic  dignitary. 
Otto  Jahn  in  his  eloquent  monograph  says  : 
"These  two  duets  show  no  signs  of  hasty 
composition,  but  are  worked  out  with  evi- 
dent affection,  no  doubt  from  desire  to  do 
credit  to  himself  and  his  friend."  Madame 
Lena  Law  sang  excellently  Handel's  air 
"Cui  vive  amante"from  his  once  success- 
ful, but  now  forgotten  opera  '  Poro,'  and 
Gounod's  song  'The  Worker.'  Two  little 
pianoforte  pieces  by  Schumann  and  Rubin- 
stein were  placed  at  the  end  of  the  pro- 
gramme, and  were  well  played  by  Miss 
Adela  Verne. 

The  postponed  performance  of  Sgambati's 
Quartet  in  c  sharp  minor,  Op.  17,  took  place 
on  Monday  evening,  and  it  must  be  noted 
that  the  work  did  not  make  a  favourable 
impression.  As  a  rule,  it  is  unjust  to 
speak  dogmatically  concerning  an  elaborate 
composition  on  a  first  hearing,  but  in  the 
present  instance  there  need  be  no  hesitation. 
As  the  programme  annotator  observes,  the 
quartet  abounds  in  varied  tempi,  rhythms, 
figuration,  and  structure.  These,  however, 
do  not  make  beauty,  nor  compensate  for 
a  laboured  and  restless  style  of  utterance. 
Signor  Sgambati  seems  ambitious  to  rival 
the  great  masters  of  Germany  in  works  built 
on  classical  lines ;  but  in  the  c  sharp  minor 
Quartet  he  proves  himself  unequal  to  the 
task,  and  he  might  do  well  to  adopt  a  lighter 
and  more  graceful  Italian  style.  Mozart's 
beautiful  Pianoforte  Trio  in  e,  No.  6,  was 
a  welcome  relief.  Miss  Adela  Verne  should 
surely  have  selected  some  less  hackneyed 
piece  for  her  pianoforte  solo  than  Mendels- 
sohn's Andante  and  Rondo  Capriccioso, 
Op.  14,  which  every  schoolgirl  plays,  or 
thinks  she  can  play.  Mr.  Thomas  Meux 
was  commendable  in  songs  by  Gluck  and 
Gounod. 


Ijgtosiral  (&om$. 

Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen's  picturesque  and  earnestly 
written  cantata,  'The  Transfiguration,'  was  per- 
formed for  the  first  time  in  Manchester  at  Sir 
Charles  Halle's  concert  on  Thursday  last  week, 
with  Madame  Medora  Henson,  Miss  Marian 
McKenzie,  and  Messrs.  Edward  Lloyd  and 
Gr.  Holmes  in  the  principal  parts.  Purcell's 
'  Te  Deum  '  in  o  was  also  rendered  for  the  first 
time  at  these  concerts,  and,  in  fact,  the  whole 
programme  was  of  a  religious  character. 

The  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press  have 
arranged  for  the  publication  of  a  series  of  five 
books  on  musical  history,  to  be  issued  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  W.  11.  Hadow,  of  Worcester 
College.  The  first,  dealing  with  the  eccle- 
siastical period,  has  been  undertaken  by  Prof 
H.  E.  Wooldridgej  Dr.  0.  Hubert  II.  Parry 
deals  with    the  seventeenth  century,  and   Mr. 


J.  A.  Fuller-Maitland  with  the  age  of  Bach  and 
Handel.  The  editor  has  in  preparation  the 
fourth  volume,  treating  of  the  Viennese  School 
and  its  times  ;  and  Mr.  E.  Dannreuther  will 
close  the  series  with  an  account  of  the  romantic 
movement. 

According  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Wagner 
Society  (LondonBranch)  the  number  of  members 
is  gradually  diminishing,  as  we  expected  it 
would,  for  there  is  no  longer  any  necessity 
for  speaking  in  trumpet  tongues  concerning  the 
Bayreuth  master.  But  subscribers  should  re- 
main, and  if  possible  increase  their  numbers, 
until  the  issue  of  the  English  translation  of 
Wagner's  remarkable  prose  works  is  completed  ; 
and  then  the  society  may  well  dissolve,  having 
fulfilled  its  duties  worthily. 

The  "Bohmische  Streichquartett,"  which 
gave  two  classical  chamber  concerts  in  the 
Queen's  Small  Hall  on  Friday  last  week  and 
Tuesday  this  week,  has  won  much  favour  abroad, 
and  the  verdict  of  continental  musicians  has 
already  been  fully  ratified  in  London.  At  the 
first  concert  the  perfection  of  the  ensemble  in 
spirit  and  unity  of  expression  was  fully  revealed 
in  Beethoven's  Quartet  in  f  from  the  Lob- 
kowitz  set,  Op.  18,  Schubert's  in  d  minor,  and 
Dvorak's  in  g. 

Even  more  successful  was  the  second  con- 
cert, the  central  feature  of  which  consisted  of 
Smetana's  Quartet  in  e  minor,  in  which  all 
the  characteristics  of  Slavonic  music  were  re- 
vealed with  the  utmost  intensity.  The  dis- 
tinctly national  style  of  the  interpretation  gave 
quite  a  new  colour  to  a  work  with  which  we 
were  previously  well  acquainted.  Beethoven's 
Quartet  in  f,  Op.  59,  No.  1,  and  Schubert's 
in  a  minor  were  also  performed  at  this  con- 
cert. The  Bohemian  artists  will  give  a  third 
concert  at  St.  James's  Hall  on  the  8th  prox. 

Miss  Marie  Motto,  who  held  her  first  con- 
cert in  St.  James's  Hall  on  Monday  afternoon, 
showed  that  she  has  amply  developed  her  talents 
as  a  violinist  since  she  first  appeared  in  public 
two  years  ago.  Though  not  very  powerful,  her 
tone  is  pure,  and  her  intonation  perfectly  accu- 
rate. These  qualities  were  fully  evinced  in 
Beethoven's  '  Kreutzer  '  Sonata,  in  which  she 
had  the  valuable  assistance  of  Mr.  Leonard 
Borwick,  and  in  two  movements  from  Lalo's 
'Symphonie  Espagnole,'  Op.  21.  Mr.  Plunket 
Greene  sang  Schubert's  '  Der  Erl  Konig  '  and 
Prof.  Stanford's  setting  of  the  clown's  three 
songs  from  'Twelfth  Night'  with  much  ex- 
pression ;  and  the  concert  concluded  with 
Brahms's  Pianoforte  Quartet  in  a  minor, 
Op.  25,  in  which  the  instrumental  artists  above 
named  were  associated  with  Messrs.  Alfred 
Hobday  and  R.  Purcell  Jones. 

The  young  violinist  Miss  Eileen  O'Moore, 
who  ventured  on  an  orchestral  concert  on  Tues- 
day afternoon  at  St.  James's  Hall,  is  a  highly 
promising  executant.  She  played  with  force  as 
well  as  refinement  items  by  Ernst,  Spohr,  and 
Tschai'kowsky,  and  will  be  heard  again  with 
pleasure.  Mr.  G.  H.  Betjemann,  who  con- 
ducted, had  his  orchestra  well  in  hand,  and  due 
justice  was  done  to  the  overtures  to  '  Oberon  ' 
and  'Rosamunde,'  and  Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen's 
'  Four  English  Dances  in  the  Olden  Style.' 

The  Gompertz  String  Quartet  produced  at  its 
sixth  and  last  chamber  concert  in  the  Queen's 
Small  Hall  on  Wednesday  evening  a  brief  but 
interesting  programme.  Tscha'fkowsky'a  Quartet 
in  E  flat  minor  was  repeated  by  desire,  and  most 
admirably  played  by  Messrs.  Richard  Gompertz, 
Haydn  Inwards,  Eniil  Kreuz,  and  Charles  Ould, 
as  were  two  movements  from  Raff's  Quartet  in 
i)  minor,  Op.  77,  No.  1.  The  last  item  in  the 
scheme  was  the  great  Fugue  in  b  flat  of  Beet- 
hoven, Op.  133,  which  was  originally  the  finale 
to  the  quartet  in  the  same  key;  but  Beethoven 
withdrew  it  and  substituted  a  much  lighter  final 
movement.  Mr.  llayden  Bailey  was  an  agree- 
able vocalist  at  this  concert. 


•jss 


T  II  E     ATI!  KN.K  T  M 


N  8618,  Feb.  27,  ?97 


Miss  Makik  OlJOV,  W*  Ethel  Barns,  and 
Mr.  Oharlea  Phillip*  g»v«  i  pianoforte,  long, 
and  violin  raoital  in  St  James'i  Sail  on 
Thursday  afternoon      The    two  artists    Brit 

,,;, i  eenyed  Brahma'i  Bonata  in  D  minor  for 

piano  ami  violin,  and  Mr.  Oharlai  Phillips, 
■  pleasant  baritone,  tli.l  well  in  various  songs 
l.y   Purcell,    Handel,    Tsehailcowsky,    Jen 

and      various     other      OOmn  isers,    ancient      and 

modern.  Miss  Ethel  Barns  played  Bach's 
Ohaoonne  for  Violin  with  agreeable  purity  of 
tone  and  intonation. 


PBBTOBJtAIfl  is   M  \r  WEEK. 
|    s        onhe«tral  Concert.  3. TO.  Qmcn>  Hall 

—  N«tlon»l  Sunday  1-cogue  I  oncert,  7  Uucen's  Hall. 

—  tjueen'n  Hall  String  tluurtet  <onc<  it    7  30 

M    s       \tr»  Henry  Wylde-  Mam  ..   Mu-icale.  250,  St  George'!  Hull 
— '     Royal  Acaaenj  of  Mualc  Student*' Concert,  3,  Bt  Jamch's  Hail. 

—  Popular  Concert.  8.  St  James's  Hall 

—  Malawi     K»*s  and   Moore's    Kecltal  of    Ensemble    Pianoforte 

Maslc  8.  Queen's  Hall 
Mark  Hambourg't  IManofortc  Recital.  3  Queen's  Hall 

—  Miss  Kuhe's  Concert.  3  Queen  »  Small  Hall 

—  Miss  H   V  Sloman's  Chamber  Concert.  8.  West  Norwood  PSDlil 

—  English  College  of  Music  Concert.  8.S0.  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
Wid.     Queen's  Hall  Choral    Society.   Hosoinl'a    •  Sttbat    Mater'  and 

Mendelssohn's  ■  LobgeBang.' 3. 

—  Mr  Tobias  Matthay's  Concert.  3.  Queen's  Small  Hall. 

—  st  James's  Hall  Ballad  (Sacred)  Concert.  8 

—  Hoyal  Choal  Society.  '  The  Redemption.'  8,  Albert  Hall 

—  London  Rallad  (Sacred)  Concert.  8  Queen  6  Hall. 

Tut- as  HerrTheodor  Werner's  Violin  Recital.  3,  St  James's  Hall. 

—  Herr  Rrousll's  Concert,  8.  Queen's  Hall 

Far       Messrs  l'lunket  Greene  and  Leonard  Uorwick's  Recital,  3,  St. 
James's  Hall  ,  „ 

—  Mr  Arnold  Dolmetsch's  Concert  on  Old  Instruments,  9,  No.  G, 

Keppel  street  liloomsbury. 
Sir.        Crystal  Palace  Concert.  3 
Popular  Concert.  3.  St  James's  Hall. 

—  Queen's  Hall  choral  Society.  '  Samson  et  Dalila,'  3. 

—  Mr  Ernest  Mead's  Recital.  3,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 

—  1'romenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Court.  —  Afternoon   Performance  :    '  Mariana,'    by    Jos6 
Echegaray.     Translated  by  James  Graham. 

Where  Miss  Elizabeth  Robins  is  is  the 
Independent  Theatre.  Thus,  though  no 
public  announcement  is  put  forth  connecting 
with  that  institution  for  the  cult  of  the 
sombre  and  the  purveyance  of  the  dismal 
the  performances  at  the  Court  of  Echegaray's 
'  Mariana,'  these  may  be  and  are  contem- 
plated as  under  its  patronage.  Regarded 
in  this  light,  they  may  count  among  the 
happiest  of  its  experiments.  No  part 
specially  suited  to  the  fair  actress  who  is 
its  bieropbant  is  provided,  nor  is  there  one 
being  among  the  specimens  of  modern 
society  in  Madrid  in  whom  it  is  easy  to  feel 
any  poignant  interest.  Still  the  play,  which 
has  respectable  claims  as  literature,  con- 
stitutes an  intellectual  and  a  fairly  stimu- 
lating entertainment.  Its  most  notable 
feature  is  its  ingenuity.  It  is  always 
theatrical  and  never  dramatic,  marvellously 
clever  and  wholly  unconvincing.  Spanish 
criticism  speaks  of  '  Mariana '  as  false,  an 
arraignment  scarcely  merited,  since  it  does 
not  seek  to  deceive  or  pretend  to  be  other 
than  it  is.  We  have  no  more  right  to  blame 
it  for  falsehood  than  we  have  to  censure  the 
actress  for  the  make-up  without  which  she 
cannot  face  the  fierce  light  of  the  stage.  It 
may  rather  be  regarded  as  insincere.  As  a 
problem  play  it  is  incomplete,  a  study 
after  the  guise  of  Dumas  Jits  rather  than 
that  of  Balzac.  Echegaray  seeks  to  portray 
a  heroine  of  the  type  of  Gilberte  de  Sartorys, 
whose  nature  in  her  own  despite  is  trans- 
formed by  passion.  Love  comes  unbidden, 
unwelcomed,  unsought.  Step  by  step  he  is 
resisted,  but  his  triumph  is  final  and  fatal. 
Is  the  woman  who  at  the  close  expiates  by  a 
death  she  has  voluntarily  challenged  an  un- 
committed offence  the  same  whose  delight 
at  the  outset  was  in  the  exercise  of  empire  and 
the  infliction  of  torture  ?  Possibly.  In  a 
novel  her  conversion  might  be  exhibited. 
What  is  shown  us  in  the  play  does  not  satisfy. 


We    understand    the    sorrowful   memories 
in  the  girl's  mi&d  of    l"-r  hurried  abduction 

by  her  mother;  her  bitter  experience  in  that 
London  against  which  she  rails,  the  climate 

of  which  is,  perhaps,  WOTSC  than  all  others 
except  that  of  her  native  Madrid  ;  and  her 
;1  when  she  finds  that  the  man  whose 
p  has  roused  all  that  slumbered  deepest 
down  in  her  nature  is  the  son  of  him  she 
has  had  most  cause  to  curse.  Her  disorder 
and  tumult  aro  obvious  and  finely  shown, 
and  her  resolution  to  die  at  her  husband's 
hands  rather  than  share  her  mother's  sin 
presents  a  certain  aspect  of  nobility.  It  leaves 
us  not  greatly  moved,  however,  since  in  our 
souls  we  do  not  believe  it.  Against  the 
extravagance  of  putting  on  the  stage  a 
woman  twice  married  and  unpossessed  it  is 
needless  to  protest.  Not  greatly  impressed 
are  we,  moreover,  with  this  new  Giles  de 
Retz,  Don  Pablo,  who  marries  women  for 
the  purpose  of  killing  them.  Other  cha- 
racters are  conventional,  and  Don  Castulo, 
the  virtuoso,  is  both  conventional  and 
tedious.  Dona  Clara  has  scarcely  a  whiff 
of  Cyprienne  in  '  Divorcjons,'  but  Arturo  has 
a  distinct  suggestion  of  le  beau  Adhemar. 
One  or  two  parts  were  finely  played.  In 
the  later  scenes  Miss  Elizabeth  Robins 
realized  fully  the  character  of  Mariana,  so 
far  as  we  ourselves  understand  it.  Her 
fevered  change  of  moods — the  strife  begot  by 
the  possession  of  the  senses  and  the  mutiny 
of  her  moral  and  intellectual  nature — were 
admirably  shown,  and  the  delivery  was 
faultless  throughout.  In  the  early  scenes  a 
lighter  style,  as  of  Signora  Duse  in  '  Miran- 
dolina,'  would  have  been  effective  if  only  for 
the  sake  of  contrast.  Mr.  Hermann  Vezin's 
performance  of  Don  Felipe,  the  plre  noble, 
was  exemplary  in  all  respects. 


$ramalir  (gossip. 

It  is  not  often  that  a  theatrical  performance 
is  the  subject  of  a  question  in  Parliament. 
Admiral  Field  has,  however,  drawn  attention 
in  the  House  of  Commons  to  the  presentation 
at  the  Avenue  of  '  Nelson's  Enchantress,'  and 
has  given  notice  of  further  investigation  of  the 
subject.  As  a  matter  of  news  Admiral  Field's 
action  may  be  recorded.  It  does  not  seem 
to  have  much  significance. 

In  consequence  of  Miss  Beatrice  Ferrar  being 
engaged  at  the  Globe,  her  part  in  'Sweet  Nancy  ' 
at  the  Court  has  been  taken  by  a  younger  sister, 
who  acts  under  the  name  of  Miss  Marion 
Bishop,  and  is  scarcely  to  be  distinguished  from 
her  predecessor. 

The  management  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre 
will  be  in  the  hands,  as  has  been  said,  of  Mr. 
Arthur  Collins,  who  will  be  backed  by  a  limited 
company  with  a  capital  of  100,000/. 

Mb.  Bancroft,  whose  readings  from  Dickens 
have  prospered  beyond  anticipation,  bringing  in 
for  charities  no  less  a  sum  than  3,000i.,  con- 
templates a  new  series  for  next  winter. 

'My  Aunt's  Advice'  has  now  been  inserted 
in  the  bill  at  the  Strand. 

'  The  Sorrows  of  Satan  '  is  this  evening 
withdrawn  from  the  Shaftesbury,  which  house 
will  now  close. 

The  Princess's  Theatre  was  oii'ered  by 
auction  at  Tokenhouse  Yard.  The  reserve 
price  was  not  reached,  and  the  house  was  bought 
in  at  20,500/. 

A  new  lever  de  ridcau  entitled  '  By- Ways  ' 
is  promised  at  the  Comedy  Theatre. 


To  Correspondents.— F.  M.— J.  R.  K.— L.  J.  R.— L.  L.— 
E.  M.  A.-C.  S— H.  Q.  S.— W.  G.  S— E.  R.— received. 


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anr.e^elisa^p^V^u1^'  -  &U°  be  had  b°""d 

LIFE  AND  WORKS  OF 

CHARLOTTE,    EMILY,    AND 

ANNE  BRONTE. 

LIBRARY      EDITION. 

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MRS.  GASKELLS  WORKS. 

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•  II   C*  I  0 1  I ) . 

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290 


T  II  E    A  T  II  EN  .]■:  r  M 


N  3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE   CANTERBURY   POETS. 

IMPORTANT   additions. 
WORKS  B7  ROBERT  RROWNINO. 

\()I.     I.    NOW   KKADY. 

PIPPA    PASSES,    and   other   Poetic 

Dram**.    Bj  ROBRBT  BBOWSIHO.    With  u  Intro- 
doctor*  Lfotabj  PRANK  it  IN  I)  Kit. 
Contents  "- l'aiiline -Paracelsus— Strafford  —  Plppa   Pastes 
—  KinK   Victor  Uld    Ki"K    Charles.      These  works   stppearM 

between  1888  ud  1848,  end  are  arranged  In  their  qnrono- 
logic*]  order. 

VOL.   II.  NOW  HEADY. 

A  BLOT  in  the    SCUTCHEON,  and 

Other Poetlo  Dramas.     l!y  BOBBRT  ItKOWNING.    With 

an  introductory  Note  by  FRABB  HINDEH. 
Contents  .—The  Keturn  of  the  Druses  —  A  Riot  in  the 
'Scutcheon— ColonitVs  Birthday— The  Flight  of  the  Duchess 
— Luria— A  Soul's  Tragedy— Christmas  Kve  and  Easter  Day. 
The  dates  of  the  above  Poems  range  from  1843  to  1S50,  and 
they  appear  in  chronological  order. 

VOL.  III.  READY  MARCH  2. 

DRAMATIC     ROMANCES   and 

LYRICS,  and  SORDELLO.    By  ROBERT  BROWNING. 
With  an  Introductory  Note  by  Miss  E.  DIXON. 

Contents:— Dramatic  Romances  and  Lyrics,  including  The 
Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin— How  they  brought  the  Good  News 
—Incident  of  the  French  Camp— The  Lost  Leader— The  Boy 
and  the  Angel— Home  Thoughts— Waring— The  Cavalier 
Tunes,  &c,  and  Sordello  (complete).  Sordello  dates  from 
1840.  and  the  other  Poems  from  1842  to  1845. 
BINDINGS. 

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The  three  volumes  form  an  admirable  and  representative 
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The  Frontispiece  of  Vol.  I.  consists  of  a  reproduction  of  one 
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of  the  Third  Volume.       

NEW  VOLUME  BY  ERIC  MACK  AY. 
The   LOVER'S    MISSAL.     By  Eric 

MACKAY,  Author  of '  Love-Letters  of  a  Violinist.' 
The  'Love-Letters  of  a  Violinist,'  by  Mr.  Eric  Mackay, 
already  included  in  the  Canterbury  Poets,  having  run  into 
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Of  events  il  deals  with,  1 1"'  interest,  of    'War  and    Peace'   is 

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march  of  the  Story,  so  that  no  reader,  great  though  the 
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TARRAGAL;    or,  Bush  Life  in 

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MARM    LISA.     By    Mrs.    Wiggin, 

Author  of  "Timothy's  Quest,'  &c. 

Times.— "  Wholesome  and  humorous Exquisitely  told. 

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THE    ATLANTIC    MONTHLY. 

Devoted  to  Literature,  Science,  Art,  and  Politics. 
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MR.  CLEVELAND  as  PRESIDENT.    Woodrow  Wilson. 

MY  SIXTY  DAYS  in  GREECE.    II.    Basil  L.  Gildersleeve. 

The  CHARM.     Frank  Dempster  Sherman. 

MARIGOLD-MICHEL.    Blanche  Willis  Howard. 

VENUS    in    the    LIGHT    of    RECENT    DISCOVERIES. 
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The    RATIONAL    STUDY    of    the    CLASSICS.       Irving 
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LEGISLATIVE  SHORTCOMINGS.     Francis  C.  Lowell. 

The   GOOD  and   the  EVIL  of   INDUSTRIAL  COMBINA- 
TION.    Arthur  Twining  Hadley. 

The  JUGGLBB.     VI.    Charles  Egbert  Craddock. 

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'   II    K         Q    I.   I   A    M    I    N   G 


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I  II  and  there  1>  no  cessation  ot  the  reader',  i:.- 


T 


HE  GLEAMING  DAWN. 


The  Literary   World  says  — •■  Movement,  vigour,  and  hearty 
Without  a  shadow  of  doubt,  compact  of  the  true  stuff  of 
literature." 

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adventure  and  passion  succeed  each  other  rapidly  until  the  end  of  a 
romance  which  is  at  the  same  time  an  attractive  study  of  one  of  taw 
most  important  periods  of  transition  Europe  haa  witnessed." 

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life  of  the  period.  The  story  opens  Tlvidly . . .  .6ele  one's  blood  tinrlia  ; 
with  the  sense  ot  danger  and  daring.  We  baTe  seldom  read  anything 
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BIBLIOGRAPHY    OF    BENJAMIN    DISRAELI. 
EARL  OF  BEACONSFIELD,  1820  to  IS 

NOTES  and  QUERIES  for  April  29th,  May  13th, 
27th  .11  NF.  nth.  Nth,  sod  .n  \\    Btb,  1891  contains  a  1 
GBAPHY  ol  theKAKl.  of   111   \<  This  Mich, 

VIVIAN  Ciltll       CONINOfiB'S      •l.iilHUK.    and     I 

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NOTES  and  QUERIES  for  December  10th  and 
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ST°3618,  Feb.  27,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


Just  published,  in  1  vol.  demy  8vo.  price  10s.  <xl.  net, 

AN  ENQUIRY  INTO  THE 

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l-*  1175-1232. 

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JARROLD    &    SONS'    LIST. 

» 

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ENTITLED 

Phe   GREEN   BOOK;   or,  Freedom 

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OTHER   POPULAR    WORKS  BY 
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w.  ™  7?  *  law  and  more  sophisticated  age.  Maurus 
ikai  s  novel  is  a  book  to  be  rent. "Saturday  Review 

ondon  :  JARROLD  &  SONS,  10  and  11,  Warwick- 
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291 


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A.  GODLE  Y,  Under-Secretary  of  State  for  India. 

A      LIBRARIAN     is     REQUIRED    for    the 

WHITECHAPEL  FREE  LIBRARY  and  MUSEUM. 

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B 


OROUGH       of      EVESHAM. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  ACT,  1892. 

The  Town  Council  invite  applications  for  the  post  of  LIBRARIAN 
to  the  EVESHAM  PUBLIC  LIBUARY  Duties  to  commence  on  the 
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— Applications,  accompanied  by  copies  of  three  recent  testimanials,  to 
be  sent  in  on  or  before  12th  March  next  to 

THOS.  COX,  Town  Clerk,  Evesham. 

February  25,  1897. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill.  Staines.— The  Course  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies.  About 
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State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
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as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department. — For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  College. 

BEDFORD     GRAMMAR    SCHOOL.— EIGHT 
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M 


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T  II  E    A  T  II  EN  -i:  r  M 


X  3619,  March  6,  '07 


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now  ready,  post  free,  Sixpence. 

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delude  the  chief  Cartoons  made  by  Ford  Madox  Rrown  for  stained 
lass,  his  '  Cordelia's  Portion,' '  English  Roy,'  '  Shakespeare,'  'Homer,' 
c  ;  Rossetti's  '  Reata  Beatrix,'  'Lamp  of  Memory,'  *  Monna  Rosa,' 
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i  MAN  desiring  PERMANENT  OCCUPATION  of  comfortably 
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i>'.  s.  Stabling  for  si\  Horses  Lovely  Gardens  and  Pleasure 
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pertinent  or  rhotoliark  Room  Surrounded  by  meadows  and  wond- 
landa  ol  twenty  seres,  affording  delightful  private  «ail>s  Moderate 
terms  and  Photos  of  Haiiitom  S  -  .    mt  s\\ 


UURNISHED    APARTMENTS    in    one    of    the 

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N°  3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE    ATHENHUM 


295 


rTHE     AUTHOR'S     HAIRLESS     PAPER-PAD. 

_L       (The  LEADENHALL  PRESS,  Ltd.,  50,  Leadenhall-strcet, 
London.  E.C.) 
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freedom.    Sixpence  each.    5s.  per  dozen,  ruled  or  plain. 

TO  INVALIDS.— A  LIST  of  MEDICAL  MEN 
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by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester-square.  W.C,  on 
THURSDAY.  March  So  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  preciselv,  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS PROPERTY,  including  a  small  Collection  of  Antique  Silver. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 


M 


March  30. 


ESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON'S  NEXT  SALE 

of    MUSICAL    PROPERTY    will    take    place    on   TUESDAY, 


Collection  of  Ex-Libris  and  Armorial  China. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  WC,  on 
TUESDAY.  April  6  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a  VALU- 
ABLE COLLECTION  of  EX-LIBRIS  and  ARMORIALCHINA, amongst 
which  will  be  found  Henrietta,  Countess  of  Bessborough,  engraved  by 
Bartolozzi.  dated  1796— William  Penn,  dated  1703— Sir  T.  Hanmer,  dated 
1707— Anna  Darner— Sir  Robert  Clayton,  dated  1679— Henrietta  Caven- 
dish Holies,  dated  1736— Countess  of  Pomfret — George  I  's  Gift-Plates 
to  Cambridge  University,  in  Four  Sizes— C.  Dickens— T.  Carlyle— Lord 
Byron — Matthew  Prior — Francis  Gwyn,  dated  1698— Birme  of  Broom- 
hill— David  Garrick.  fine  impression— fine  Specimens  of  Foreign,  some 
of  which  are  dated,  &c. 

Catalogues  on  receipt  of  three  stamps 

Further  Portion  of  the  Library  of  H.  J.  FARMER- 
ATKINSON,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  removed  from  Ore. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  k  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester -square,  W.C, 
in  \\  EDNESDAY.  April  7,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a 
1  I  RTHER  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  H.  J.  FARMEK-ATKINSON, 
Esq.,  F  S.A.,  consisting  chiefly  of  valuable  Examples  of  Biblical  and 
Liturgical  Literature  in  various  Languages,  including  Biblia  Latina, 
Venet  .  1176— Biblia  Germanica,  Nuremberg.  1483 — Biblia  Islandica, 
1584— La  Sacra  Bibla.  Seuol.  1679— The  Newe  Testament.  Geneva,  1557— 
Coverdale.  Exhortacion  to  the  Carienge  of  Christ's  Crosse— Chap-Books, 
Illustrated  by  Blake— MS.  Antiphonarium  in  Usum  Romanum,  with 
Illuminated  Initials— Early  German  Block-Book,  with  Illustrations— Le 
Case,  I  Monumenti  di  Pompci,  Coloured  Plates— Series  of  Heraldic 
Drawings— MS.  on  Vellum,  with  Miniatures,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Valuable  Books  and  Manuscripts. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C,  on 
THURSDAY,  April  8,  and  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock 
precisely,  a  valuable  COLLECTION  of  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS, 
comprising  many  choice  Bxamples  of  Early  Foreign  and  English  Printing 
—  Works  of  Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  Authors -Scarce  Editions  of  the 
Bible— Manuscript*  on  Vellum,  with  Illuminated  Capitals  and  Minia- 
tures—tine Examples  of  Bindings,  some  with  Arms  ;  also  a  remarkable 
Collection  of  Early  Playbills  from  the  Vienna  Exhibition,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Modern  Publications — Surplus  Stock  of  Stationery — 
Wood-Blocks  by  Bewick,  cjc. 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms,  115,  Chancery-lane.  WC.  on  WF'>NK-W> A Y 
March  10,  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock.  MODERN  PUBLICATIONS, 
In  Cloth  and  Quires,  comprising  528  Child's  Church  ami  stute  under 
the  Tudors  (15s. j— 1  000  Davics's  Orthodox  and  Unorthodox  London 
crown  8vo  19s  1-2.000  vols  of  Griffith  &  Farran's  Devotional  Library— 
290  Lockwood's  Marlborough  College  (10s.  flj  )— 121  Diez,  Romance 
languages  (12».)  180  Huxley's  Blementary  Osteologv  (II  lis  Grf  )— 
ill  and  the  Birds- 650  Roderick  Random— 8,000  liailwav  Volumes 
—Small  Stock  of  Fancy  stationery  and  Leather  Goods— Several  Hun- 
dred original  Wood-Blocks  by  Bewick,  &c. 

To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 

CONDOVER  HALL,  SHREWSBURY. 
SALE  of  the  APPOINTMENTS  to  this  Ancient  Elizabethan  Mansion. 
Including  Pictures,  Engravings,  Old  Japan  China,  Bronzes,  Antique 
English  Furniture,  French,  Italian,  and  Dutch  Mari|uetcrie,  and 
numerous  Important  Effects  worthy  the  attention  of  Collectors  and 
-  being  the  Property  of  the  late  REGINALD  ciioi.Mon 
M.I.F.Y,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  WM.  HALL,  WATEHIDGE  &  OWEN 
sre  favoured  with  Instructions  from  the  Rev  II  H  CHOL 
MONDELKY,  who  has  disposed  of  the  (ondover  Hal!  Estate,  to  hold 
the  above  SALE  by  AUCTION,  commencing  on  TUESDAY,  March  B 
and  following  Days 

Hook  Catalogues  rod  each)  forwarded  on  application  to  the  Aw- 
nonaae,  Hlgh-strcot,  Shrewsbury.  Sale  each  day  at  12  o'clock  to  the 
minute 


A  SELECTED  PORTION  of  the  Valuable  Library  of 
BERESFORD  R.  H EATON,  Esq.,  and  Malleable  Books, 
the  Property  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  MONDAY,  March  8.  and  Two  Following  Days, 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS,  comprising  a 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  BERESFORD  11.  HEATON,  Esq  ,  of 
Cheniston-gardens,  Kensington  ;  a  Selected  Portion  of  the  Valuable 
Library  of  a  GENTLEMAN,  deceased  ;  a  Small  Collection  of  Illustrated 
French  Books,  the  Property  of  O.  W.  SELIGMAN,  Esq.;  a  Selected 
Portion  of  the  Library  of  Sir  LEWIS  MOLESWORTH,  Bart ,  and  other 
Properties,  including  Dibdin's  Bibliographical  Works— Valuable  Topo- 
graphical Works  bv  Hunter,  Thoresuy.  and  Whitaker— Black  -Letter 
Chronicles— Officiurii  li.  V.  M.  with  Illuminations,  Sa?<\  XV.— First 
Illustrated  Edition  of  the  Malermi  Bible.  1490— First  Editions  of  the 
Writings  of  Ruskin,  Jesse.  Swift  Matthew  Arnold.  Fielding,  Pierce 
Egan,  &c.— rare  Sporting  Books— Water-Colour  Drawings,  &c. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Original  Manuscripts  of  Keats's  Endymion  and  Lamia, 
entirely  in  the  Autograph  of  the  Poet. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  WC,  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  10,  the  ORIGINAL 
MANUSCRIPTS  of  KEATS'S  ENDYMION  and  LAMIA,  entirely  in 
the  Autograph  of  the  Poet.  These  MSS.  have  never  before  been  sold, 
and  are  in  the  exact  condition  in  which  they  left  the  Printer.  They  are 
the  Property  of  a  relative  of  John  Taylor,  who  published  the  Poems. 
Also  TWO  AUTOGRAPH  MANUSCRIPTS  of  the  late  WILLIAM 
MORRIS,  'Mine  and  Thine,'  a  Poem,  and  'An  old  Story  Retold'— 
an  Unpublished  Poem  in  the  Autograph  of  W.  M.  Thackeray— and  other 
Manuscripts. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Valuable  Collection  of  Coins,  the  Property  of 
E.  C.  KRUMBHOLZ,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13.  Wellington- 
street,  Stranr1,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY,  March  11,  and  Two  Following 
Days,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  Valuable  COLLECTION  of  ENGLISH 
COINS,  in  Gold,  Silver, and  Copper,  including  a  few  Patterns  and  Proofs, 
to  which  is  added  a  very  remarkable  Series  of  German  Thalers,  &c., 
comprising  Specimens  from  1507  to  the  Present  Day,  and  other  Foreign 
Coins,  many  in  the  finest  possible  condition,  formed  by  E.  C.  KRUMB- 
HOLZ,  Esq.   Member  of  the  Numismatic  Society  of  London. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

THE    MONTAGU    COLLECTION   OF   COINS. 
Final  Portion  of  the  Greek  and  Roman  Series. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No.  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C.  on  MONDAY.  March  15.  and  Four  Following  Days, 
the  FINAL  PORTION  of  the  GREEK  SERIES,  together  with  a  Small 
Series  of  Roman,  Silver,  and  Bronze  Coins  and  Medallions  of  the  late  H. 
MONTAGU,  Esq. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues,  illustrated  with  Autotype 
Plates,  may  be  had,  price  3s  each 

The  Valuable  Library  of  the  late  JAMES  PARLANE,  Esq  , 
J. P.,  of  Rusholme,  Manchester. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House.  No.  13.  Wellington- street.  Strand,  W.C.  on  SATURDAY, 
March  20  and  MONDAY,  March  22,  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  Valuable 
LIBRARY  of  the  late  JAMES  PARLANE,  Esq  ,  J  P  ,  of  Appleby  Lodge, 
Rusholme,  Manchester,  including  Rare  Works  on  the  Scots  Colony  in 
Darien— an  extensive  Collection  of  Civil  War  Tracts— Valuable  Tracts 
and  Books  relating  to  Scotland  —  Archaeological  Publications  —  First 
Editions  of  Works  by  Defoe— Gaelic  and  Scottish  Dictionaries — Old 
Tracts  on  Theology — Black-Letter  Bibles— Reprints  of  Rare  Books.  &c, 
and  comprising  Burns's  Poems,  F'irst  Edinburgh  Edition,  1787;  Third 
Edition,  1787  ;  Second  Edinburgh  Edition,  1793 — Froude's  History  of 
England,  10  vols  — Dictionarium  Scoto-Celticum,  2  vols, — Jarnieson's 
Scottish  Dictionary,  with  Supplement,  5  vols  —Swift's  Gulliver's  Travels, 
2  vols  ,  First  Edition.  &c  Also  the  REMAINING  PORTION  of  the 
LIBRARY  of  the  late  Sir  G.  W.  DASENT,  D.C.L  ,  &c,  including  Rare 
Works  of  Icelandic  Literature,  Sagas,  Folk-lore,  &c. ,  many  of  which 
are  Translated  and  Edited  by  Sir  G.  W.  Dasent — Thackeray's  The  Snob 
and  the  Gownsman— Swinburne's  Atalanta  in  Calydon,  First  Edition— 
Black-Letter  Books,  &c. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The   Collection  of  Etchings,  Oil  Paintings,  and  Water- Colour 
Drawings  of  the  late  W.  J.  GALLOWAY,  Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  at  their 
House.  No.  13,  Wellington  street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  TUESDAY.  March 
23.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of  ETCHINGS,  OIL 
PAINTINGS,  and  WATER-COLOUR  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of 
the  late  W.  J.  GALLOWAY,  of  Islmgton,  comprising  Etchings  by 
Rajon.  Waltner,  Brunet  Debaines  F.  Seymour  Haden.  H.  Hcrkomer, 
R  Macbeth,  C.  MCryon,  J  F.  Millet.  S  Palmer.  &c  ;  Drawings  bv  H. 
Hcrkomer,  S  Prout,  Sir  J.  E  M  ilia  is.  Neuhuys,  W.  Hunt.  Varley,  i'.  B. 
Hardy,  R  W.  Macbeth.  De  Wint,  Cattermole.  J.  M'N  Whistler,  Sir  E. 
Burne-Jones.  &c.;  Paintings  by  Joseph  and  Albert  Neuhuys,  W.  Maris, 
T.  Lloyd,  T.  Hines,  Lord  Lcighton,  arrd  others. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Coins  and  Medals  of  the  late  Rev.  THOMAS 
CALVERT,  of  Sandysike,  Cumberland. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13,  Wellington- 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  FRIDAY,  March  L'6,  and  Two  Following  Days 
at  I  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of  COINS  arrd  MEDALS  of  the 
late  Hev  THOMAS  CALVERT,  M  A  F.s  A  ,  of  Sandysike,  Cumberland, 
including  the  following:  Greek  Silver,  Roman  and  Byzantine  Gold, 
Roman  I'.rassand  Dcnarii-an  important  series  of  Mohammedan  Coins 
In  Gold,  Silver,  and  Copper-  British,  Anglo-Saxon,  and  English,  Colonial, 
anil  Foreign  Corns  in  Gold  and  Silver  — a  few  War-  and  other  Medals, 
Including  a  rare  Dublin  Regimental,  1780.  &c.— Persian  Talisman,  Seals, 
Gems,  dfcc  —Coin  Cabinets  ami  Numismatic  Books. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Engravings  by  Masters  of  the  English  School,  the  Property  of 
the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  CRA  WFORI). 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  nt  their  House,  No  13,  Wellington- 
street,  strand,  W  c.  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  31,  at  1  o'clock  precisely, 
ENGRAVINGS,  including  Fancy  Subjects  by  Masters  of  the  English 
School,  some  finely  printed  in  colours,  comprising  Master  Philip  Yorke 
and  the  Age  of  Innocence,  both  alter  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds— and  Tho  rights 
on  Matrimony  after  ,1  it  Smith,  all  In  the  finest  condition,  the  Property 
or  the  Bight  Hon  tin-  BARL  of  CRAWFORD;  also  other  Properties. 
comprising  Mezzotint  Portraits  after  sir  J  Reynolds,  A  c  the  '  I  irles  oz 
London,'  after  Wheatby  l,a<l\  Kenyon.  after  Hoppner— Miss  lanco. 
after  Sir  T.  Lawrence— and  others;  also  tho  Series  of  Six  Original 
Water-Colour  Drawings  by  R.  Caldccott  illustrating  'The  Mad  Dog.'  by 
Oliver  Goldsmith.  &c 

May  he  viewed  two  days  prior     Catalogues  may  be  had. 


[For  Continuation  of  Sales,  see  next  page.] 


NOW  READY,  price  30s.  net. 
A 

DICTIONARY 

OF 

BIRDS. 

By  ALFRED  NEWTON, 

M.A.  F.R.S., 

Professor  of  Zoology  and  Comparative 

Anatomy  in  the  University  of 

Cambridge. 

Assisted  by  HANS  GADOW,  F.R.S., 
Strickland  Professor  and  University  Lecturer 
in  Advanced  Morphology,  Cambridge. 

With  Contributions  by  RICHARD  LYDEKKER, 
B.A.  F.R.S. ;  CHARLES  S.  ROY,  M.A.  F.R.S.;  and 
ROBERT  W.  SHUFELDT,  M.D.  (late  United 
States  Army). 

"  A  work  which  the  ornithologist 
must  have  beside  hirn  for  constant 
reference.  Marks  an  epoch  in 
ornithological  literature." 

Daily  Chronicle. 

"  The  most  important  work  on 
ornithology  that  has  ever  been 
published  in  this  country." 

New  Saturday. 

"  For    the    general    scope    and 
execution    of    the    dictionary    we 
have  no  words  but  warm  praise." 
Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"  This  valuable  and  important 
work,  the  best  in  its  class  that  has 
yet  seen  the  light." 

Notes  and  Queries. 

"  Combines  high  scientific  autho- 
rity with  lucidity,  as  well  as 
condensation  of  statement  and  con- 
venience of  arrangement." 

Scotsman. 

11  The  completion  of  this  import- 
ant treatise  is  a  considerable  event 
in  the  history  of  ornithology.  It 
would  be  difficult  to  praise  ade- 
quately the  volume  as  a  whole.'' 
Saturday  Review. 

"Stands  entirely  alone  among 
the  vast  and  still  increasing  crowd 
of  works  on  ornithology.  The 
author's  name  is  in  itself  sufficient 
guarantee  for  the  excellence  of  his 
workmanship  ;  but  even  those  who 
are  familiar  with  his  previous 
writings  will  hardly  be  prepared 
for  a  treatise  so  masterly  as  this." 

Daily  News. 

London  :  A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Soho-sqiiarc. 


290 


T  II  K     ATI!  KN.i:  l'  M 


N  3610,  March  6,  '97 


rS.tlro  br»  Ruction. 
MO/fDJ  )    M  \  i . 

A  Portwn  </<i  Manufacturer's  Stuck  of  Carpets  and  Hugs. 

Mil.  J.  0.  STKYKNS  will  BILL    thfl    .ilu.vo  by 
\1  (Tins     at  hi.  Ort-at    Room.   W.  King  •trrcl.  Co.rnl  garden. 
MllONDAl    MAI     Marsha  ol  half-past  U  ii  rl.K-k  praetsalf 

on  <!••»  the  Saturday  prior  If  till  3  and  mnrnlog  ol  Hair,  anil  lata 

i  ail 


INI 


FRIDA  i   SI  AT.— Miscellaneous  rVayrty. 
H.  J.  a  STKVKNS  will  BBLL  by  AUCTION, 

at     Mi    Great     Knonn     .18     King  .trret.     Co»ent  -  garden,     on 
IIUI>U    M  \1     March  IS,  at  half  i>a»i     I  o'clock  precisely.  PHOTO 
GRAPHIC  CAMERAS    Lenses   st.mU.  Hhntttn,  ami  other  Ai'l>arntu»  — 
icall     Jewellery  -  1  uriiilurr     l.alib*riis 

and  NlSaa-  ami  a  Large  OoLtocttoa  ol    hUaoaQaaaoaj    Ubohi,    Iroiu 
various  Trivati-  sou 
on  tin  the  Jar  prior  2  till  S  ana  morning  ol  Hale,  and  Catalogues 


HONDA  )'.  March  U. 
1h'  Valuable  Collection  nf  Shells  formed  by  the  bite  BKGIKAI.D 
CHOLMONDBLSY,  Etq.,  removed  from  Condover  Hall, 
Shrewsbury ,  incltulinij  many  Fine  and  Hare  Species,  especially 
in  Murez,  Conns,  Voluta,  I'ecten,  and  Spondylus,  Ac.  ;  also 
the  Beautiful  Ebonized  Plate-Glass  Cases  in  which  they  art 
contained. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
to  BBLL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Oreat  Hooms,  38.  Klng- 
street.  Coront  garden,  on  MONDAY,  March  15,  at  hall-past  12  o'clock 
precisely. 

nn  view  the  Saturday  prior  1?  till  3  and  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respeetlully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
MUS  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Hooms.  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square.  the  Bales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On   MONDAY,  March  8,  MODERN   PICTURES 

ol  the  late  0.  C.  GRIMES,  Esq  ,  and  others. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  9,  ENGRAVINGS  of  the 

EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL,  the  Property  ol  a  GENTLRMAN. 

On  WEDNESDAY.  March  10,  the  CELLAR  of 

WOIB  ol  the  late  JOHN  CLUTTON,  Esq  ,  and  choice  Wines  from  other 
Private  Cellars. 

On  THURSDAY,  March  11.  the  COLLECTION 

Of  DRAWINGS  by  the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  ol  DUN  MORE. 

On  FRIDAY,  March   12,  fine  OLD  SILVER  and 

SILVER-GILT  PLATE,  including  a  lew  rieces.  the  Property  ol  the 
ate  Mrs.  DURIE  ;  Jewels— Lace— Miniatures— Snuff- Boxes,  &c. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  13,  the  COLLECTIONS 

ol  PICTURES  ol  the  late  Sir  CHARLES  BOOTH,  Bart.,  and  ol  the  late 
SNOWDON  HENRY,  Esq. 

On  MONDAY,  March  15,  the  COLLECTION  of 

rORCELAIN.  PLATE,  and  DECORATIVE  OBJECTS  of  the  late  Sir 
CHARLES  BOOTH.  Bart  ;  and  SHERATON.  CHIPPENDALE,  and 
MAHOGANY  FURNITURE,  the  Property  ol  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On   MONDAY,  March  15,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  the  ENGRAVED  WORKS  of  Sir  JOSHUA 
REYNOLDS,  lormed  by  FREDERIC,  Third  EARL  ol  BESSBOROUGH. 

On   THURSDAY,    March  18,   COLLECTION    of 

PORCELAIN  and  OLD  ENGLISH  FURNITURE  of  a  LADY,  deceased, 
and  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE,  TAPESTRY,  and  OBJECTS  of  ART 
from  numerous  sources 

On   FRIDAY,  March   19,   the   REMAINING 

WORKS  ol  the  late  G.  A.  FRIPP,  R.W.S. 

On  SATURDAY,   March  20,  the  COLLECTION 

ol  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  ol  J.  NUTTALL.  Esq  .  and 
the  COLLECTION  ol  MODERN  PICTURES  ol  the  late  J.  A.  BACCHUS, 
Esq. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  23,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  the  WORKS  ol  FRANCIS  BARTOLOZZI,  II  A., 
lormed  by  FREDERIC,  Third  EARL  ol  BESSBOROUGH. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Literary  and  Art  Sale-Rooms,  12,  Rockley-road,  Shepherd's 
Hush  Green  (adjoining  Holland  fark-avenue),  London,  \\\,  at  1  o'clock 
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By  His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Argyll. 
HOW  POOR  LADIES  LIVE.    By  Miss  Frances  H.  Low. 
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THE      FORTNIGHTLY     REVIEW. 

-a-  Edited  by  W.  L    COURTNEY". 

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TURKISH  FINANCE. 

LORD  SALISBURY  AND  THE  EASTERN  QUESTION. 

MR.  RHODES'8  SPEECHES. 

SUN  YAT  SEN  ON  CHINA'8  PRESENT  AND  FUTURE. 

JORIS    KARL    HUYSMANS. 

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Price  SIXPENCE. 
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and  A.  H.  HAMER. 


H        E 


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TAXATION  :    its  Amount,  Justification,  and  Methods.      Hon.  Perry 
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The   ANGLO-AMERICAN  ARBITRATION  TREATY.     Hon.  Frederic 
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SOME  COMMENT  on  the  TREATY.    Theodore  S.  Woolsey. 

RECENT  TRIUMPHS  in  MEDICINE  and   SURGERY.     Dr.  Geo.  F. 
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The  TORRE i  BANKRUPT  BILL.    Hon.  Jay  L.  Toirey. 

AMERICAN  EXCAVATIONS  in  GREECE  :  Ikaria,  Anlhedon,  Thlsbe. 

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MR.  CLEVELAND  and  the  SENATE.    James  Schooler. 
KANSAS:  Iti  Present  and  Future.     William  Allen  White, 
NEW  LETTERS  of  EDWARD  GIBBON.    Frederic  Harrison. 
WHAT  ARE  NORMAL  TIMES?    E.  V.  Smalley. 

IS  ENGLAND'S  INDUSTRIAL   SUPREMACY   a  MYTH?     8.  N.  D. 
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DR.  GOLDWIN  SMITH'S  GUES8E8. 

ARISTOTLE'S  FIRST  PRINCIPLES. 

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The  SCIENCE  of  MIND 

ON  BEHALF  of  POSTERITY. 

Tho  HUMAN  JESUS  in  TRAGEDY'. 

BIBLE  STORIES  and  HISTORICAL  CRITICISM- 
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N°  3619,  March  6,  '97 


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APPEARANCE  and  REALITY:  a  Metaphysical 

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'  TOM  JONES '  FOR  FAMILY  READING. 

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FERDINAND  LASSALLE  and  HELENE  VON 

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898 T  H  E     A  T  II  KX  M  D  M N"3(;i!».  M.xmi  0,  '97 

TROOPER   PETER   HALKET 

OF    MASHONALAND. 

BY 

OLIVE        SCHREINER, 

Author  of  (  Dreams,'  c  Dream  Life  and  Real  Life,'  &c. 
With  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  cloth,  6s. 


ATHENAEUM,  February  27,  1897. 

"  Mrs.  Schreiner  lias  acliieved  a  remarkable  literary  success.  '  Trooper  Peter  Halket '  does  not  compete  with  '  The  Story  of  an 
African  Farm  '  either  as  a  narrative  or  as  a  study  of  characters,  but  it  is,  in  our  opinion,  superior  in  workmanship It  is  a  well- 
sustained  and  eloquent  parable,  and  several  of  the  minor  parables  contained  in  it  are  told  with  rare  grace  of  style  and  vigour  of 

expression It  is  a  book  as  conspicuous  for  its  dramatic  force  and  artistic  construction  as  for  the  impressive  moral  it  is  intended  to 

convey." 

SPEAKER,  February  27,  1897. 

"  There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  remarkable  literary  merits  of  'Trooper  Peter  Halket.'  Not  even  in  '  A  South  African 
Farm'  is  the  exquisite  skill  and  delicacy  of  Olive  Schreiner's  art  displayed  more  conspicuously  than  in  these  pages.  There  are  some 
passages  in  the  book  which  one  reads  with  a  sudden  thrill  of  wonder  and  surprise,  such  as  thrills  the  mind  at  first  6ight  of  some 

scene  of  natural  beauty  the  existence  of  which  had  been  undreamed  of We  have  not  referred  to  the  most  remarkable  feature  of 

this  very  remarkable  book — the  introduction  into  it  of  our  Lord.  With  such  wonderful  skill  and  delicacy  does  Olive  Schreiner 
perform  her  task,  that  before  it  is  finished  she  reconciles  her  readers  to  her  audacity,  and  leaves  them  completely  under  the  spell  of 
her  enchantment." 

ACADEMY,  February  27,  1897. 

"This  book,  in  its  directness,  its  actuality,  its  intention  of  personal  invective,  is  strikingly  different  from  anything  else  Olive 

Schreiner  has  done It  is  an  extraordinarily  powerful  bit  of  writing The  conclusion  is  vigorously  and  pointedly  told The  book 

breathes  a  spirit  of  humanity,  of  sincerity,  of  unfaltering  righteousness,  which  is  rare  enough  in  contemporary  literature." 

PALL  MALL  GAZETTE,  February  20,  1897. 

"  There  is  no  need  to  say  that  it  is  well  and  impressively  written  ;  that  the  story  of  Peter's  Life  is  sketched  for  us  by  himself  only 
as  a  true  artist  could  do  it.     The  book  is  full  of  passionate  eloquence  and  entreaty." 

DAILY  NEWS,  February  17,  1897. 

"The  story  is  one  that  is  certain  to  be  widely  read,  and  it  is  well  that  it  should  be  so,  especially  at  this  moment ;  it  grips  the 
heart  and  haunts  the  imagination.  To  have  written  such  a  book  is  to  render  a  supreme  service,  for  it  is  as  well  to  know  what  the 
rough  work  means  of  subjugating  inferior  races." 

DAILY  CHRONICLE,  February  19,  1897. 

"  We  advise  our  readers  to  purchase  and  read  Olive  Schreiner's  new  book,  'Trooper  Peter  Halket  of  Mashonaland.'  Miss 
Schreiner  is  one  of  the  few  magicians  of  modern  English  Literature,  and  she  has  used  the  great  moral,  as  well  as  the  great  literary, 
force  of  her  style  to  great  effect." 

ECHO,  February,  1897. 

"  A  story  to  be  bought  and  read  and  re-read,  for  it  is  brimful  of  meaning It  is  a  book  which  only  a  good  and  great  woman 

of  genius  could  have  given  us." 

SCOTSMAN,  February  18,  1897. 

"  Some  of  the  imaginative  passages  are  very  fine The  book  is  powerfully  written." 

BIRMINGHAM  DAILY  POST,  February  16,  1897. 

"The  story  is  striking  and  sometimes  piercing  in  its  lights.  Even  in  handling  so  thorny  a  subject  as  the  chequered  history  of 
Rhodesia,  Miss  Schreiner  commands  a  thrilling  response  to  that  enthusiasm  for  moral  ideals  which  is  the  pervasive  inspiration  of 
all  her  works." 

METHODIST  TIMES,  February  25,  1897. 

"  The  volume  before  us  is  a  masterpiece,  and  from  a  purely  literary  standpoint  takes  its  place  with  the  masterpieces  that  preceded 
it.  The  consummate  art  which  has  produced  this  brief  and  apparently  slight  work  will  escape  the  observation  of  a  casual  or  super- 
ficial reader.     But  a  second,  and  yet  more  a  third,  perusal  disclose  the  ineffable  sign  of  genius This  volume  is  one  of  the  most 

impressive  exhibitions  of  roal  Christianity  that  in  our  day  has  seen  the  light." 

INDEPENDENT,  February  18,  1897. 

"Is  in  many  respects  an  extrordinary  work Every  page,  nay  almost  every  lino,  rings   with  bitter  irony,  savage  invective, 

barbed  satire,  and  thundering  denunciations  against  the  lust  for  gold  which  has  brutalized  South  African  pioneers.  Miss  Schreiner's 
vivid  imagination  and  extraordinarily  trenchant  style  aro  hero  wedded  for  the  single  purpose  of  exposing  the  unscrupulous  tactics 
of  men  who,  under  the  guise  of  extending  our  Empire,  have  waded  tlirough  blood  and  outrage  to  positions  of  personal  affluence  and 
poLitical  power." 

London:  T.  FISHER  UN  WIN,  Paternoster-square,  E.C. 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE  "ATHEN^UM 


299 


MESSRS.   KEGAN  PAUL,   TRENCH,   TRUBNER  &  CO. 

BEG   TO   ANNOUNCE   THE 

COMPLETION    OF    BIBLIOGEAPHICA. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICA 

PAPERS    ON    BOOKS,    THEIR    HISTORY    AND    ART. 
IN   TWELVE   QUARTERLY   PARTS. 

BEGUN   MARCH,   1894,  FINISHED  FEBRUARY,  1897. 


W    H.  ALLNUTT. 

AKBER. 
J.  W.  BRADLEY. 
A.  J.  BUTLER. 
R.  C.  CHRISTIE. 
A.  CLAUDIN. 
CYRIL  DAVENPORT. 
AUSTIN  DOBSON. 
R.  K.  DOUGLAS. 
E.  G.  DUFE. 
C.  I.  and  M.  A.  ELTON. 
W.  Y.  FLETCHER. 
R.  GARNETT. 
R.  E.  GRAVES. 


THE     FORTY    CONTRIBUTORS. 

W.  J.  HARDY. 
LAURENCE  HOUSMAN. 
P.  KRISTELLER. 
ANDREW  LANG. 
G.  S.  LAYARD. 
S.  L.  LEE. 
W.  D.  MACRAY. 
FALCONER  MADAN. 
R.  MAKTINEAU. 
WILLIAM  MORRIS. 
E.  D.  NORTH. 
JOSEPH  PENNELL. 
H.  R.  PLOMER. 


A.  W.  POLLARD. 

S.  C.  PRIDEAUX. 

R.  PROCTOR. 

G.  R.  REDGRAVE. 

Sir  J.  C.  ROBINSON. 

N.  RONDOT. 

H.  0.  SOMMER. 

W.  B.  SQUIRE. 

E.  J.  STRANGE. 

Sir  E.  M.  THOMPSON. 

OCTAVE  UZANNE. 

H.  B.  WHEATLEY. 

G.  C.  WILLIAMSON. 


SOME     OF     THE     CONTRIBUTIONS. 

ON  MANUSCRIPTS. — English  Illuminations — The  Grotesque  and  the  Humorous  in  Mediaeval  Illuminations — The  Calligraphers  of  the 
Middle  Ages — A  Manuscript  of  the  Biblia  Pauperum — Venetian  Ducali. 

ON  PRINTERS  AND  PRINTING.— The  Stationers  at  the  Sign  of  the  Trinity— The  Chronology  of  the  Early  Aldines— The  Early 
Italian  Book  Trade — The  Books  of  the  Carthusians — English  Provincial  Presses — Private  Printing  in  France  in  the  Fifteenth 
Century — John  Rastell  and  his  Contemporaries — The  Strawberry  Hill  Press — Early  Representations  of  the  Printing  Press. 

ON  BOOK-ILLUSTRATION.— Florentine  and  Pavese  Book-Illustrations— The  Illustrated  Books  of  Augsburg  and  Ulm— The  Illustra- 
tions in  French  Books  of  Hours — The  Illustrated  Books  of  Sebastian  Brant — Italian  Initial  Letters — Heraldic  and  Pictorial  Initials 
— Chinese  and  Japanese  Illustrated  Books. 

ON  BINDINGS. — A  Grolier  Binding — Florimond  Badier — Little  Gidding  Bindings — Samuel  Mearne — Roger  Payne — The  Decoration  of 
Book  Edges — Woodcuts  as  Bindings. 

ON  MARKS  OF  OWNERSHIP.— The  Book-Plates  of  J.  Skinner,  of  Bath— English  Armorial  Book-Stamps. 

ON  COLLECTORS  AND  COLLECTING— Queen  Christina  of  Sweden  and   her  Books— Samuel  Pcpys— Fielding— Dr.  Mead— The 

Thomason  Tracts— Names  and  Notes  in  Books. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Earliest  English  Book-Lists  — Little  Books— English  Writing  Books  —  Puckle's  Club— An  Elizabethan 
Bookseller  —  The  '  Guirlande  de  Julie' — Late  Jacobite  Tracts — Tho  Isham  Books — Foreign  Dedications  to  Englishmen— La 
Bibliophilio  Moderne. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Vol.  I.  has  23  Plates  in  Collotype  or  Colours,  and  about  60  Illustrations.      Vol.  II.,  21  Plates  and  about  100  Illustrations. 

Vol.  III.,  22  Plates  and  about  12o  Illustrations. 


Price  for  the  Three  Volumes,  in  Parts,  51.  5s.  net. 

In  Volumes,  bound  in  half-morocco,  Roxburgh e  style,  by  Zaehnsdorf,  QI.  6s.  net. 

Vols.  II.  and  III.  can  still  be  bought  separately,  price  cOs.  in  parts,  or  21.  2s.  in  Zaehnsdorf  binding. 

Single  Numbers,  except  Parts  III.  and  IV.,  lO^.  net. 

"BY  FAR  THE   FINEST   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  PUBLICATION  EVER  ATTEMPTED  IN  ENGLISH." 

TIMES, 


PATERNOSTER  HOUSE,  CHARING  CROSS-ROAD,  LONDON. 


.300 


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N°3619,  March  6,  '97 THE     ATHENiEDM 301 

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SATURDAY,   MARCH  6,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

\dmiral  tkyon's  life         

The  Centenary  Burns        

4.  Book  of  Travel  in  Hungary 

Historical  Research  on  Anglican  Orders 

Mr.  Arthur  Bknson's  Poems        

The  Indian  Village  Community  ••; 

New  Novels  (Tbe  Spoils  of  Poynton ;  A  Capful  o 
Nails;  A  Missing  Witness;  Arrested;  Margaret 
Moore,  Spinster ;  The  Wooing  of  a  Fairy ;  Gilbert 
Murray;  Weighed  in  the  Balance;  Gentleman 
George;  The  Wise  and  the  Wayward)  ...      308 

Law-Books  

\merican  Fiction       

Bibliographical  Literature       

Jur  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books      

Dromwell's  Speeches  ;  Mr.  H  G.  Hewlett  ;  Prof. 
Tiele  and  Mr.  Max  Muller;  St.  Patrick; 
'Siren  Voices';  Degrees  for  Women  at  Cam- 
bridge; The  Spring  Publishing  Season  ;  His- 
torical Manuscripts  Commission  ;  Sales  ;  Notes 
from  Paris  313" 

T  TTFRARY    GOSSIP  •••  •••  •••  **•  *■• 

Science  —  Zoological  Literature  ;  Societies  ; 
Meetings  ;  Gossip  318 

Fine  Arts— The  Discovery  of  Buddha's  Birth- 
place; Sales;  Gossip 319- 

Music— The  Week;  Gossip;  Performances  Next 
Week 320 

Drama— The  Week;  Library  Table;  Gossip        321- 

Miscellanea      


S°  3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


303 


PAGE 

303 
304 
305 
303 
307 
307 


-310 
310 
311 
311 
312 


-315 
316 


-319 

-320 

-321 
-322 
322 


LITERATURE 


Hie  Life  of  Vice- Admiral  Sir  George  Tryon, 
K.C.B.  By  Eear- Admiral  C.  C.  Penrose 
FitzGerald.  (Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
Three  and  a  half  years  ago  the  tragic 
death  of  Sir  George  Tryon  was  in  every 
mouth,  and  the  cii^cumstances  of  it  were 
much  discussed  and  wondered  over ;  but 
though  during  two  summers,  at  least,  he 
had  been  much  talked  of  as  one  of  the  com- 
mandors  in  the  naval  manoeuvres,  it  may  be 
doubted  whether,  outside  the  navy,  his  name 
has  lived  in  the  public  memory  except  in 
its  melancholy  connexion  with  the  loss  of 
the  Victoria.  We  are  glad,  therefore,  that 
it  should  now  be  brought  forward  in  a 
pleasanter  manner ;  for  in  many  respects 
Tryon  was  a  remarkable  man — one  who 
might  have  been  expected  to  achieve  great- 
ness had  the  opportunity  come  within  his 
reach,  and  who,  without  the  opportunity, 
was  recognized  by  all  who  knew  him  and 
by  the  whole  service  as  a  highly  capable 
and  accomplished  officer,  of  a  ready  wit,  a 
quick  decision,  great  force  of  character,  and 
a  personal  magnetism  which  inspired  his 
subordinates  with  confidence,  love,  and 
respect,  not  unmixed,  sometimes,  with 
awe.  It  is  not  that  he  was  a  man  of  excep- 
tional genius ;  but  he  had  at  least  one  of 
the  qualities  which  carry  genius  to  great- 
ness— the  capacity  for  taking  infinite  pains  ; 
and  from  his  firdt  entry  into  the  service  he 
devoted  himself  with  singular  energy,  deter- 
mination,  and  self-denial  to  prepare  for  tho 
work  that  lay  before  him.  Here  is  one  in- 
stance which  occurred  whilst  in  his  first  ship, 
the  Wellesloy,  carrying  the  flag  of  Lord 
Lundonald  on  the  North  American  station  : 

"  Some  of  the  officers  had  planned  a  tour  in 
the  United  States  and  had  invited  Tryon  to 
accompany  them.  It  seems  that  he  at  first 
thought  that  he  could  go,  but  then  writes  to 
his  mother  to  say,  1 1  am  sure  I  shall  disappoint 
you  in  saying  that  I  do  not  think  I  can  go  this 
year,  for  various  reasons  undermentioned,  and 
I  am  sure  you  will  say  I  am  right  in  the  end. 
First,  I  have  a  boat,  and  shall  have  plenty  to  do 
as  to  duty.  It  is  a  cutter,  which  is  seldom  given 
to  a  cadet.   Secondly,  I  must  this  summer  study 

hard  with   the  naval   instructor I  could  not 

think   of  going  aa  long  as  \  have  a  boat,  par- 
ticularly a  cutter,  which   is  seldom  given  to  a 


cadet,  particularly  to  the  junior  cadet  in  the 
ship  ;  and  therefore  if  I  was  to  go  away  I  should 
decidedly  forfeit  my  claim  in  some  measure  to 
her.  The  money  you  sent  me  will  keep  :  it 
won't  melt." 

Afterwards  in  the  Vengeance  he  satisfied 
even  that  most  exacting  of  mortals,  the  com- 
mander of  a  line  -  of  -  battle  ship,  whom 
Admiral  FitzGerald  quotes  as  now  writing : 

"  He  served  with  me,  when  I  was  commander 
of  the  Vengeance,  for  two  years,  as  a  midship- 
man, and  a  better  young  officer  never  existed  ; 
ever  full  of  energy  and  zeal.  As  a  boat  mid- 
shipman and  signal  midshipman  he  was  un- 
rivalled. On  my  becoming  flag  captain  to  the 
late  Admiral  Lord  Lyons,  I  applied,  with  his 
permission,  for  Tryon's  appointment  as  one  of 
the  lieutenants  of  the  Royal  Albert,  and  as  such 
he  more  than  fulfilled  the  opinions  I  had  formed 
of  him  in  the  junior  ranks." 

In  the  Vengeance  he  was  with  the  fleet 
in  the  Black  Sea,  and  as  signal  mate 
witnessed  the  battle  of  the  Alma  from  the 
maintop,  duly  reporting  all  that  he  saw.  He 
was  afterwards  for  some  time  with  the  Naval 
Brigade  in  the  trenches,  but  was  ordered 
home  in  the  beginning  of  1855.  He  had  pre- 
viously been  promoted  by  the  admiral  to  a 
death  vacancy,  and,  on  passing  his  examina- 
tion at  Portsmouth,  was  again  dispatched  to 
the  Black  Sea  as  one  of  the  lieutenants  of  the 
Eoyal  Albert.  His  good  and  zealous  con- 
duct, which  had  won  him  early  promotion 
as  lieutenant,  secured  him  an  appointment 
to  the  royal  yacht  when  the  Eoyal  Albert 
returned  to  England;  to  be  followed  two 
years  later  by  a  commission  as  commander, 
and  in  July,  1861,  an  appointment  to  the 
Warrior,  then  just  commissioned,  the  first 
sea-going  ironclad  in  our  navy.  After  three 
years'  experience  of  her  he  obtained  an 
independent  command,  the  Surprise,  in  the 
Mediterranean  ;  and  as  an  instance  of  the 
care  and  pains  which  he  took  to  understand 
everything  connected  with  his  profession, 
Admiral  FitzGerald  quotes  a  report  which 
he  was  desired  by  the  senior  officer  at 
Gibraltar  to  make  on  a  proposal  of  the 
Governor's  that  certain  naval  storehouses, 
which  it  was  alleged  the  navy  did  not  need, 
should  be  handed  over  to  the  land  service, 
either  permanently  or  on  loan.  Tryon  re- 
ported to  the  effect  that  though  they  might 
not  be  absolutely  wanted  by  the  navy 
during  peace,  they  would  certainly  be 
wanted  in  time  of  war,  when  the  reclaiming 
of  them  would  put  the  garrison  to  great 
inconvenience,  when  it  would  be  most  diffi- 
cult for  it  to  provide  other  accommodation, 
and  when, 

"the  great  question  for  the  navy  being  the 
rapidity  with  which  their  stores  could  be 
embarked,  a  few  hours'  delay  might  make  the 
difference  of  a  good  many  miles,  and  possibly 
the  failure  of  a  chase  or  strategic  combination." 

Admiral  FitzGerald  adds  : — 

"It  is  only  within  the  last  few  years  that  it 
has  come  to  be  generally  recognized  that  the 
only  value  of  Gibraltar  to  the  empire  is  as  a 
place  for  the  replenishment  of  the  British  fleet ; 
but  Tryon  held  this  view  nearly  [more  than] 
thirty  years  ago." 

When  the  Surprise  was  ordered  to 
England  in  April,  1866,  Tryon  was  mado  a 
captain 

"at  the  comparatively  early  age  of  thirty-four  ; 
and  as  lie  had  but  little  naval  interest  save  what 
he  made  for  himself,  it  must  be  acknowledged 
that  his   success   was    mainly  due  to    his    own 


exertions,  to  the  zeal  and  professional  ability 
which  he  exhibited — qualities  which  were  recog- 
nized and  duly  appreciated  by  the  officers  under 
whom  he  served." 

His  first  appointment  as  captain — the  first, 
it  may  be  said,  to  bring  him  to  the  know- 
ledge of  any  beyond  his  own  immediate 
circle — was  as  transport  officer  at  Annesley 
Bay  during  the  Abyssinian  war  in  1867  : — 

"It  was  not  the  kind  of  service  which  is 
generally  considered  brilliant  or  attractive  to  a 
young  navy  captain  yearning  to  distinguish  him- 
self in  his  profession.  It  was  likely  to  be— and, 
in  fact,  proved  to  be— an  extremely  arduous 
service.  There  was  no  prospect  of  getting  to 
the  front  and  seeing  any  fighting,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  the  certainty  of  remaining  on  the  un- 
healthy and  oppressively  hot  coast  ;  constant 
hard  work  somewhat  strange  to  a  naval  officer  ; 
all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men  to  deal  with  ; 
conflicting  views  and  interests  to  reconcile  ; 
many  an  irate  commissariat  officer  and  merchant 
captain  to  pacify  ;  and,  in  short,  a  fine  field 
for  the  exercise  of  great  tact,  judgment,  and 
organization  of  details  ;  and  it  is  probable  that 
a  forecast  of  the  numerous  difficulties  to  be  over- 
come, coupled  with  his  zeal  and  anxiety  to 
render  good  service  in  any  capacity,  was  a 
sufficient  reason  to  cause  Tryon  to  accept  the 
appointment  without  a  moment's  hesitation." 

It  was  thus  that  for  the  best  part  of  a 
year  Tryon  was  at  Zoulla,  arranging  for 
the  landing,  provisioning,  and  embarking 
of  upwards  of  62,000  people  and  36,000 
animals. 

"One  of  the  greatest  difficulties  was  the 
water.  After  the  first  few  days  there  was  no 
drinkable  water  there,  and  it  all  had  to  be  con- 
densed by  the  steamers  in  the  bay  and  landed 
for  the  use  of  man  and  beast.  The  total  amount 
of  water  so  condensed  amounted  to  29,068  tons, 
and  the  coal  expended  in  making  this  water  to 
8,020  tons.  These  figures  will  give  some  idea 
of  the  work  done." 

And  it  was  not  only  the  work  that  gave 
trouble,  but  the  men  who  had  to  do  it. 
Many  of  these  were  merchant  captains,  with 
a  fine  sense  of  their  independence  and  im- 
portance— men  who  could  be  led  or  managed, 
but  could  not  be  driven.  But  by  force  of 
character  and  by  tact  Tryon  overcame  all 
difficulties.  Here  is  the  account  of  one  that 
verges  on  the  comic  : — 

"The  captain  of  one  of  the  steamers  which 
was  used  for  condensing  water  represented  that 
his  engines  were  suffering  undue  wear  and  tear 
from  being  kept  continually  going  astern  whilst 
condensing,  the  ship  being  moored  and  revolving 
round  her  moorings.  The  captain  pointed  out 
that  the  design  of  the  engines  contemplated 
their  going  ahead  almost  continuously,  but  going 
astern  only  occasionally,  and  that,  therefore,  the 
thrust  bearings  would  not  stand  the  work,  and 
he  claimed  a  rest,  or  else  special  compensation 
for  undue  wear  and  tear.  Tryon,  however, 
upset  his  argument  in  a  very  few  words.  He 
pointed  out  that  if  the  engines  were  undergoing 
greater  wear,  the  hull  was  escaping  the  strain 
of  being  at  sea,  rolling  about  with  a  full  cargo 
on  board  ;  and  he  gave  him  the  following 
alternative  :  If  the  constant  going  astern  was 
bad  for  the  engines,  he  could  slip  his  moorings 
and  steam  round  and  round  the  bay,  thus  keep- 
ing the  engines  going  ahead  instead  of  astern, 
but  he  must  go  on  condensing  at  any  cost.  As, 
however,  there  were  between  L60  and  200  trans- 
ports anchored  in  the-  bay,  the  captain  came  to 
the  conclusion  thai  he  was  better  off  as  he  was, 
and  there  was  nothing  more  heard  of  his  com- 
plaint." 

Eventually  tho  captains  of  tho  transports 
camo  to  understand,  to  respect,  and  oven  to 
like  the  somewhat  arbitrary  gentleman  under 


I 


T  II  E     AT  J I  KX/I-]  G  M 


N  3619,  March  6,  '97 


whoso  orders  th<  j  prert  plan  I,  and  at  the 
end  of  tlic  service  they  presented  him  with 
a  complimentary  addreei  on  parchment) 
expressing  their  feeling 
"that  the  pari  of  the  expedition  which  was 
under  your  command  was  u  successful  as  any 
other  branch  of  it,  and  wo  attribute  this  largely 
t<>  your  influence  and  management,  to  your 
justice  and  general  kindness,  and  to  your 
poTBOTeranoe  and  forbearance." 

And  this  was  followed  on  thoir  return  to 
England  by  a  service  of  plate,  with  an  in- 
scription on  the  contro-pieco  to  the  effect 
that  it  was  "  a  token  of  thoir  appreciation  of 
his  courtesy  and  kindness  to  them  whilst  in 
dischargo  of  his  arduous  duties  at  Annesley 
Bay."  Tryon  was  much  gratified  by  this 
recognition  from  the  men  ho  had  ruled — 
more  so  even,  it  is  implied,  than  by  the 
C.B.  which  was  his  official  reward.  But 
the  commendations,  official  and  personal, 
were  earned  at  a  high  price,  for  con- 
tinued exertion  under  a  burning  sun,  with 
the  thermometer  seldom  under  100°,  had 
completely  knocked  him  up,  and  for  several 
months  he  was  in  a  very  feeble  state.  "  At 
first,"  his  secretary  writes, 

"he  could  not  walk  from  his  lodgings  in  York 
Street,  St.  James's  Square,  down  to  the  Army 
and  Navy  Club,  without  halting  to  rest  on  the 
way  and  holding  on  to  the  railings." 

This  for  a  man  of  six  feet,  robust  in  frame 
and  constitution ! 

His  appointment  in  1871  as  private 
secretary  to  Mr.  Goschen,  then,  as  now, 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  afforded  him 
his  first  insight  into  the  inner  workings  of 
Admiralty  administration,  and  for  three 
years  he  performed  the  duties  of  that  post 
— often  extremely  delicate — with  tact  and 
discretion.  In  1874  he  took  command  of 
the  Raleigh  in  a  curiously  varied  commis- 
sion, one  of  the  flying  squadron,  attending 
on  the  Prince  of  Wales  during  his  tour  in 
India,  and  finally  attached  to  the  Mediter- 
ranean fleet. 

In  October,  1876,  his  ship  was  one  of  a 
squadron  at  Smyrna  detached  to  do  honour 
to  the  Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  who  arrived 
there  in  the  Russian  yacht  Livadia.  A 
Russian  squadron  and  representative  ships 
of  all  nations  also  attended ;  and  from 
these  there  were  salutes  and  illumina- 
tions. In  the  latter  the  Russian  ships, 
having  come  fully  prepared,  were  specially 
distinguished.  The  next  day  Tryon  had  his 
revenge.  It  was  arranged  that  the  Russian 
vessels  and  the  Raleigh  should  escort  the 
Livadia  down  the  thirty- mile- long  Gulf  of 
Smyrna,  so  far  on  her  way  to  Malta : — 

"  Off  went  the  Livadia  at  full  speed,  but  the 
Raleigh  kept  her  station  (two  cables  on  the 
starboard  quarter)  accurately.  Not  so,  though, 
the  Russian  squadron,  for  in  a  very  short  time 
they  were  all  'hull  down'  astern,  and  the 
Raleigh  was  the  sole  escort !  Then,  when  the 
entrance  to  tho  Gulf  was  reached,  the  Duchess 
requested  that  a  courteous  signal  should  be 
made  to  Capt.  Tryon,  thanking  him  for  his 
attendance  and  begging  that  he  would  not  come 
any  farther  out  of  his  way  :  so  Tryon  prepared 
to  'part  company';  but  before  doing  so  he 
called  upon  his  chief  engineer  to  make  an  effort 
and  put  on  a  spurt.  The  latter  responded  ;  up 
rushed  the  Raleigh  close  alongside  the  Livadia  ; 
the  ship's  company  manned  the  rigging  and 
gave  three  hearty  cheers,  and  tho  Raleigh 
sheered  off  and  went  on  her  way.  Squibs, 
crackers,  and  rockets  were  eclipsed  :  this  was 
the   real   thing— one  of  the  leading  factors  of 


modern  naval  efficiency  demonstrated  ;  Britannia 

justified  of   bet  stokers  ;    and  Tryon    i 
happy." 

During  part  of  tho  interval  bel 
Leaving  the  Raleigh  in  June,  1877,  and  taking 
command  of  the  Monarch  in  October,  1 878, 
Tryon  was  on  a  committee  for  tho  revision 
of  the  signal-hook  and  tho  manual  of  fleet 
evolutions.  One  of  tho  other  members  was 
Captain — now  Yice-Admiral — Colomb,  who 

"  had  made  a  deep  study  of  the  subject  of  fleet 
tactics  and  the  mancjeuvring  power  of  ships,  and 
had  mapped  it  all  out  on  paper.  Tryon  repre- 
sented the  practical  side  of  the  question,  as 
distinguished  from  the  theoretical  side  of  it. 
His  mind  was  always  eminently  practical.  He 
believed  greatly  in  the  training  of  the  eye,  to 
judge  distance  and  speed,  as  the  foundation  of 
all  successful  fleet  manoeuvres.  Colomb  and 
Tryon  represented  somewhat  divergent  views 
with  regard  to  the  theory  and  practice  of  steam 
tactics." 

It  is  interesting  to  record  this  divergence 
of  opinion,  in  view  of  the  discussion  on  the 
subject    since   Tryon's    death.     It   has   led 
Admiral   Colomb     to   suppose    that   Tryon 
believed    he  could  manoeuvre  his  ship  in- 
dependently of  the  inexorable  mathematical 
principles    which     governed     her     course. 
There  is  nothing  recorded  by  Admiral  Fitz- 
Gerald  that  supports  this  view,  but  Tryon  is 
described  as  holding  that,  though  the  exact 
determination  of  bearings  and  distances  by 
compass    and    sextant  was    in   the  highest 
degree  important  to  the  beginner,  the  aim 
of  all  fleet  exercises  was  to  educate  the  eye, 
so  that  manoeuvres  could  be  performed  with 
approximate  and  sufficient  accuracy  without 
the  use  of  the  sextant,  which  in  battle  or 
critical    emergency   would    be    impossible. 
And   this  view  he   persistently  maintained 
both  as  a  captain    in    the  Monarch  and — 
after   a   busy   interval    as    Commander-in- 
Chief    in    Australian     waters,   which    won 
for  him    a  K.C.B. — as    Superintendent   of 
Reserves,    and    also   when    he    was    Com- 
mander -  in  -  Chief    in    the    Mediterranean, 
where  his  skill  and  boldness  in  manoeuvring 
the  fleet  excited  first  the  wonder  and  then 
the   admiration   of    the   officers   under   his 
command. 

He    is    described    as    loving   to   discuss 
tactical    questions,    and    to    work    out   ex- 
perimentally the  movements  of  a  squadron, 
but  in  actual  exercise  to  endeavour  to  make 
them  more  real  by  the  introduction  of  the 
unexpected.     And  thus  the  captains  of  the 
fleet  had  learnt  to  place  implicit  confidence 
in  his  orders  and  in  his  ability,   often,  it 
would   seem,   without   understanding  what 
they  were   doing  till  the  sense  of   it  was 
revealed    by   the    result.      This    must    be 
taken  as  explaining  what  appeared  to  out- 
siders as  the  blind  acquiescence  of  his  sub- 
ordinates in  the  fatal  order  of  June  '22nd, 
1893.     It  was  taken  for  granted   that  the 
admiral  knew  exactly  what  he  wanted  to 
do   and   how  to   do    it.     How   the   deadly 
mistake  was  made  is  a  ps3,cliological  secret 
which    died    with    him.     Wo     may    guess, 
but   we    cannot   be    certain ;    and    Admiral 
FitzGerald  is  content  to  leave  the  question 
where  he  found   it.     This    is  certainly  the 
most   discreet  and   also  the  justest   course 
to  adopt,  for,  as  he  rightly  says, 
"it    is   scarcely   consistent   with    that    boasted 
British  love  of  fair  play,  which  we  claim  to  be 
a  speeially   national  characteristic,   that  a  man 
singularly  gifted  with  all  those  qualities  which 


inspire   trust,  devotion,   admiration    and    - 

fidenoe  in  those  who  serve  under  him should 

lie  judged  by  his  countrymen  in  relation  to  only 
one  act  of  his  life  ;  and  that  all  the  years  of 
hard  WOrlt  and   devotion  which    he-  dedicated  to 

the  best  interests  of  hit  country,  the  ability 
which  he  exhibited  as  an  organizer,  the  lessons 
which  he  taught  as  a  strategist  and  tactician,  the 
example  which  he  set  and  the  confidence  he 
inspired  as  a  bold,  firm,  skilful  leader  of  fleets 
and  squadrons,  should  be  forgotten." 


Admiral  FitzGerald  has  provided  that  all 
these  claims  should  not  be  forgotten,  and 
in  a  pleasantly  written  and  sympathetic 
biography  has  done  much  to  embalm  the 
memory  of  his  old  friend  and  chief.  He 
has  had  a  congenial  subject,  and  he  has 
dealt  with  it  in  an  admirable  manner. 


The  Poetry  of  Burns.      Centenary  Edition. 
Edited  by  W.  E.  Henley  and  T.  F.  Hen- 
derson.    Vol.  III.     (Edinburgh,  Jack.) 
The  exhaustive  investigation  of  the  origins 
of  Burns's  songs,  which  principally  occupies 
this  third  volumeof  the  ' '  Centenary  Edition," 
is  so  full  of  interesting  results  as  to  com- 
pensate  for   the    considerable    exercise   of 
patience  by  prospective  readers.     The  book 
is  a  monument  of  industry,  acuteness,  and 
literary  judgment,  and  its  conclusions  will 
satisfy  most   students  who   are   acquainted 
with  Scottish  literature,  being  in  the  main 
confirmatory  of  what   they  have  learnt  to 
regard  as  the  truth  about  the  poetic  genesis 
of  Burns.     In  several  individual  instances, 
however,  reason  may  be  found  for  doubting 
tho  accuracy  of  novel  theories,  or,  at  any 
rate,    the    confidence    with  which   they  are 
advanced,  and  there  is  no  doubt  a  certain 
challenge    to  some    contemporary  commen- 
tators  implied   in   the    airy    way  in  which 
existing  beliefs  are  occasionally  dismissed. 

The  present  instalment  consists  of  the 
"  songs  sent  by  Burns  to  W.  Johnson's 
'Musical Museum  '  and  Thomson's  '  Scottish 
Airs,'  and  duly  set  forth  in  these  collections. 
Some,"  continue  the  editors,  "he  sent  which 
were  not  used,  and  some  were  used  which 
he  did  not  send.  These  will  appear  in 
our  fourth  and  last  instalment  of  all." 

As   the   poet's    avowed   contributions  to 
these   miscellanies   amounted  to  some  two 
hundred    and    fifty   numbers,    the    merely 
quantitative  importance   of   the  volume  is 
great ;  but  its  interest  is  enhanced  by  the 
exposition  contained  in  it  of  the  degree  to 
which  Burns  was  indebted  to  previous  singers. 
It   were    tedious   to   follow   in    detail    the 
minute    investigations    of   Messrs.    Henley 
and  Henderson  into  the  sources  from  which 
themes  and  forms  were  derived,  but  it  may 
be  roughly  said  that  in  these  pieces  about 
two  to  one  are  shown  to  be  based  on  works 
already  in  vogue  in  a  more  or  less  literary 
form.     Of    these    in    many   cases   a   mere 
over-word  or   chorus  has   been  the  source 
of  inspiration ;  in  more  an  old  version,  not 
seldom  unsuitable  to  modern  delicacy,  has 
been    transposed    bodily   into    a    worthier 
shape ;    some    are    mere    centos    of    frag- 
mentary verse  from  widely  different  quar- 
ters.    Occasionally  the  recent  exemplars  of 
Ramsay    and    Fergusson    are   frankly   fol- 
lowed ;  at  other  times  the  source  of  inspira- 
tion has  been  some  old  popular  ditty,  some 
breath  of  folk-song  which  may  have  come 
in    various    transmuted   phases    from   days 
long  before  •  The  Complaynt  of  Scotland ' 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     A  T  II  E  N  M  U  M 


305 


or  the  list  in  '  Cockelby's  Sow.'  Thus 
1  John  Anderson  my  Jo,'  which  is  certainly 
traced  to  a  parody  in  '  The  Gude  and  Godlie 
Ballates,'  is  probably  a  skeleton  of  hoar 
antiquity  ;  while  such  a  jewel  as  "  My  love 
is  like  a  red,  red  rose  "  derives  its  beauty 
from  four  borrowed  stanzas,  of  which  three 
date  from  a  black-letter  sheet  called  '  The 
Unkind  Parents,'  itself  the  parent  of  at 
least  three  derivatives.  When  we  add  that 
Burns  was  "never  above  vamping  from 
himself,"  as  the  editors  put  it,  it  will  be 
geen  that  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
ramifications  surrounding  the  question  of 
origins  must  prove  an  almost  distracting 
acquisition.  It  is  both  characteristic  and 
ereditable  that  the  gratification  of  discovery 
has  not  seriously  impaired  the  sanity  of 
appreciation  now-a-days  expected  from  the 
investigators.  As  Sir  Walter  Scott  well 
knew,  and  as  specialists  so  recent  as  M. 
Angellier  and  Mr.  Logie  Eobertson  have 
maintained,  Burns  was  not  the  isolated 
phenomenon  in  Scottish  literature  which 
Carlyle  proclaimed  him  to  be,  and  which 
the  votaries  in  "  Burns  clubs  "  and  nine  out 
of  ten  illiterate  enthusiasts  outside  are  apt 
to  believe  him. 

"  Burns's  knowledge  of  the  older  minstrelsy 
was  unique  ;  he  was  saturate  with  its  tradition, 
as  he  was  absolute  master  of  its  emotions  and 
effects  ;  no  such  artist  in  folk-song  as  he  (so  in 
other  words  Sir  Walter  said)  has  ever  worked  in 
literature.  But  a  hundred  forgotten  singers 
went  to  the  making  of  his  achievement  and  him- 
self. He  did  not  wholly  originate  those  master- 
qualities — of  fresh  and  taking  simplicity,  of 
vigour  and  directness  and  happy  and  humorous 
ease,  which  have  come  to  be  regarded  as  dis- 
tinctive of  his  verse  ;  for  all  these  things,  to- 
gether with  much  of  the  thought,  the  romance, 
and  the  sentiment  for  which  we  read  and  love 
him,  were  included  in  the  estate  which  he  in- 
herited from  his  nameless  forebears  ;  and  he  so 
assimilated  them  that  what  is  actually  his  fore- 
bears' legacy  to  him  has  come  to  be  regarded  as 
his  gift  to  them.  Those  forebears  aiding,  he 
ctands  forth  as  the  sole  great  poet  of  the  old 
Scots  world  ;  and  he  is  thus  national  as  no  poet 
has  ever  been,  and  as  no  poet  ever  will,  or  ever 
can  be,  again." 

If  there  is  a  word  to  which  we  would 
demur  in  this  wise  estimate,  we  are  inclined 
to  hesitate  at  "sole."  The  one  great  poet 
who  miraculously  survived  the  flood  of 
politics  and  polemics  which  submerged 
Scotland  in  the  sixteenth  century  seems 
here  forgotten.  William  Dunbar  was  no 
"nameless  forebear"  of  the  still  greater 
poet  whose  genius  had  so  much  in  common 
with  his  wide  humanity.  But  the  phrase 
may  pass.  It  is  practically  tho  due  ex- 
pression of  Burns's  place  in  letters.  And 
it  is  the  expression  of  those  who  can  give 
chapter  and  verso  for  the  faith  that  is  in 
them. 

Although  to  the  majority  of  the  lay  public 
the  view  of  the  poet's  place  thus  opened 
will  have  the  force  of  novelty,  it  will  but 
conGrm  the  impressions  of  those  who  are 
more  or  less  "saturate"  with  Scots  litera- 
ture and  tradition.  But  even  these  will  con- 
gratulate Mr.  Henley  on  his  great  "  find  "  in 
the  shape  of  the  Herd  MS.  (British  Museum) 
— presented  by  the  compiler  to  Archibald 
Constable  —  which,  besides  the  material 
printed  in  Ilerd's  own  publications  of  170!) 
and  1  7 7fi,  contains  a  multiplicity  of  scraps 
which  Hums  utilized  in  his  connexion  with 
Johnson's  'Mueoum.' 


This  fact  seems  clearly  authenticated,  and 
its  importance  to  the  editors  has  been  the 
greater  as  so  many  MSS.  which  would  have 
been  valuable  (that  of  the  '  Merry  Muses,' 
for  instance)  have  been  destroyed,  while 
others  compiled  in  the  first  part  of  the 
century  are  often  untrustworthy.  An  evil 
eminence,  perhaps  not  absolutely  deserved, 
is  assigned  to  a  certain  Peter  Buchan  in 
this  connexion.  The  mare's-nesting  Aber- 
donian  is  credited  with  much  deceptive  in- 
formation imparted  to  Hogg  and  Motherwell. 
It  will  not  be  matter  for  much  surprise 
that  the  rejection  of  some  legends  hitherto 
cherished  by  the  "common  Burnsite "  is 
trenchant,  not  to  say  contemptuous.  "  High- 
land Mary,"  whose  character  has  been  most 
sedulously  vindicated  in  an  appendix  to  one 
of  the  new  volumes  of  Chambers's  work,  is 
subjected  to  much  depreciatory  criticism  as 
"a  figment  of  the  general  brain."  It  is 
certain  that  little  is  known  about  her,  and 
that  Burns's  allusions  to  her  "  maybe  meant 
to  dissemble  more  than  they  reveal."  For 
ourselves,  while  hesitating  to  accept  her  as 
a  "  bare-legged  Beatrice,"  we  feel  little 
difficulty  in  rejecting  her  identification  by 
some  writers  with  the  Mary  of  the  Dun- 
donald  Kirksession  books.  And  we  think 
the  lines  beginning  "Thou  ling'ring  star" 
will  continue  to  hold  their  own,  in  spite  of 
the  faint  praise  of  the  present  editors. 
Time  but  the  impression  stronger  makes, 
As  streams  their  channels  deeper  wear, 
even  if  Cromek's  story  of  their  composition 
or  of  "the  Stream-and-Bible  episode"  could 
be  proved  fallacious. 

Another  characteristic  bit  of  iconoclasm 
seems  less  justified.  Why  should  the  in- 
cident of  James  Macpherson  (the  literal,  not 
the  literary,  freebooter)  playing  his  Rant  on 
the  way  to  the  scaffold  be  "  a  ridiculous 
tradition "  ?  Our  editors'  notions  of  the 
course  of  judicial  solemnities  in  the  High- 
lands are  too  much  bounded  by  modern 
"environment."  There  is  nothing  absolutely 
impossible  in  a  gentleman  cateran  (he  was 
a  slip  of  Invereshie,  and  probably  thought 
himself  quite  as  good  a  man  as  Duff  of 
Braco),  escorted  to  the  "  kind  gallows"  by 
a  more  or  less  sympathizing  crowd,  having 
his  latest  whims,  musical  or  other,  consulted. 
Even  the  victim  of  "Black  Maria"  is  in- 
dulged with  a  latitude  of  choice  in  regard  to 
his  last  breakfast.  The  coolness  or  bravado 
of  the  outlaw  is  nothing  exceptional.  Lady 
Jane  Grey  sitting  pleasantly  at  the  dinner- 
table  of  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower  and 
talking  cheerfully  of  politics  when  under 
sentence  of  death  is  hardly  less  remote  from 
present  conventionalities. 

In  certain  unimportant  matters  some 
inferences  of  fact  by  other  editors  have 
been  corrected.  Thus  chronology  seems 
against  tho  song  "To  the  Weaver's  gin  ye 
go  "  being  suggested  by  Armour's  visit  to 
Paisley.  The  motive  of  tho  '  Banks  o' 
Doon,'  one  of  Burns's  most  original  pieces, 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  the  tragedy  of 
Peggy  Kennedy,  in  those  and  other  details 
we  recognize  the  thoroughness  of  research 
which  is  tho  best  feature  of  this  excellent 
performance.  No  fault  can  be  found  with  tho 
glossary,  which  is  loss  needed  hero  than  in 
tho  earlier  volumes,  but  we  notice  with  some 
subridcnt  joy  tho  pugnacity  with  which  tho 
erroneous  translation  of  "  lyart "  in  vol.  i. 
is  still  supported.     Tho  incidental  criticisms 


in  the  notes  are  frequent  and  valuable, 
though  we  presume  we  shall  receive  a  more 
general  literary  judgment  in  the  promised 
final  volume. 

The  foundation  of  the  stanza — "  binding- 
rhyme  and  all" — of  "  Scots  wha  hae"  on 
'  Helen  of  Kirkconnell,'  a  ballad  which 
Burns  thought  silly  to  contemptibility,  is  as 
curious  as  Burns's  estimate.  That  the  dic- 
tion, but  for  some  of  the  spelling,  is  "  pure 
eighteenth  century  English"  is  also  note- 
worthy. Chappell's  assiduous  attempt  to 
trace  '  Logan  Water '  to  an  English  original 
is  confuted  from  Herd;  and  the  general 
effect  of  songs  of  the  Restoration  period, 
introduced  or  reintroduced  from  England, 
upon  the  current  of  Scottish  song,  is  briefly 
treated  in  the  bibliographical  essay,  where 
due  acknowledgment  is  made  to  a  very 
numerous  list  of  co-operators  who  by  giving 
access  to  their  collections  have  aided  in  the 
production  of  this  volume. 


A    Girl's    Wanderings  in  Hungary.     By  H. 

Ellen  Browning.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
Believing  Hungary  terra  incognita,  of 
which  "  beyond  the  mere  name  very  little 
was  known  in  Western  Europe,"  Miss 
Browning  determined  to  explore  it.  This 
bulky  volume  is  supposed  to  recount  her 
experiences,  but  its  perusal  leaves  the 
reader  doubtful  as  to  whether  it  is  what  it 
professes  to  be,  or  only  a  work  of  fiction. 
In  her  preface  the  writer  disclaims  the 
idea  of  being  able  to  write  a  book  "full  of 
adventures  and  hairbreadth  escapes,"  as 
"  things  of  that  sort  don't  fall  to  the  lot 
of  a  nineteenth  -  century  girl  even  at  the 
other  end  of  Europe";  but  really  she  is 
too  modest.  Her  book  teems  with  deeds 
and  episodes  not  only  marvellous,  but 
verging  on  the  miraculous.  Here  is  the 
record  of  one  of  her  earliest  feats,  performed 
shortly  after  her  arrival  in  Hungary  : — 

"  Apropos  of  interference,  I  once  horrified 
my  friends  most  terribly  on  this  point.  We 
had  walked  one  morning  a  couple  of  miles  along 
the  banks  of  the  Danube  outside  the  city,  and 
came  across  a  Slav  peasant  castigating  his  young 
wife  with  a  leathern  strap.  This  sight  awoke  tho 
lust  of  murder  in  my  heart.  I  felt  just  like  [sic] 
King  Saul  must  have  felt  when  he  hurled  the 
javelin  at  David.  Fortunately  for  everybody 
concerned,  there  was  no  javelin  in  my  hand  ; 
nothing,  in  fact,  except  a  muff.  But,  purple 
with  indignant  rage,  I  sprang  upon  the  man 
and  shook  him  by  the  collar  like  a  terrier 
shaking  a  rat." 

The  following  is  a  lively  account  of  tho 
weather  she  encountered  in  Hungary  :  — 

"Violent  thunderstorms  occurred  several 
times  during  August,  also  hailstorms  of  the  most 
devastating  character.  These  used  to  begin 
suddenly.  A  raging  wind  would  arise  ;  the  air 
would  be  filled  withdust;  man  and  beast  would 
run  for  their  lives  to  the  nearest  shelter.  Doors 
and  windows  were  often  torn  off  their  hinges 
before  they  could  be  closed;  trees  and  shrubs 
were  uprooted,  roofs  sometimes  blown  off 
bodily,  and  then  came  the  hail.  A  blinding 
sheet  of  solid  lumps  of  ice,  about  the  Size  and 
shape  of  small  pigeon's  eggs,  came  rattling  down 
furiously,  breaking  every  pane  of  class  unless 
tlie  outside  Venetian   shutters   had    been    closed 

over  them Once  I  gathered  a   tumblerful  of 

these  enormous  hailstones  and  kept  them  in 
my  room  till  they  melted.  It  took  them  just 
about  fourteen  hours  to  dissolve  into  lluid  in 
the  shade. 


aoG 


T  II  E     A  T  II  ENJEUM 


N  3619,  March  0,  '97 


much  tor  Miss  Browning's  own  per- 
sonal experiences.  The  following  terrible 
tragedy  she  relates  bom  hearsay  only.  E& 
ferring  to  the  way  in  which  the  -lews  gradu- 
ally Bqueeze  all  then-  possessions  from  tlio 
peasants  of  Hungary,  even  as  they  do  from 
those  of  Russia,  she  tells  of  a  certain  Israelite 
who  lived  in  a  Transylvanian  village,  and 
lent  money  to  the  peasants  thoro : — 

"For  years  and  years  he  had  lived  amongst 
them  and  become  l>y  degrees  the  possessor  of 
farms,  Books,  and  herds.  The  widow  and  the 
orphan  were  his  particular  prey,  and  one  morn- 
ing, after  lie  had  turned  a  dying  woman  out  of 
her  cottage  on  to  the  road,  his  fate  overtook 
him.  Her  neighbours  found  her  dead  l>y  the 
roadside,  with  a  little  child  crying  in  her 
stiffening,  emaciated  arms.  They  took  her 
corpse  up  and  carried  it  away,  and  their  hearts 
burned  within  them.  There  was,  indeed,  an 
inhuman  devil  in  the  world,  one  who  abode  in 
their  village  and  sucked  the  very  life-blood 
from  their  veins.  The  news  spread  like  wild- 
tire.  This  brutal  act  was  'the  last  straw.' 
Even  a  worm  will  turn,  and  these  worms 
turned  to  take  a  terrible  revenge.  The  men 
and  women  gathered  together  in  silence — their 
hearts  too  full  of  vengeful  thoughts  for  words. 
They  only  looked  at  each  other  with  gleaming 
eyes  and  set  teeth.  At  last  one  man  spoke  : 
'  He  is  a  damned  devil,  a  veritable  limb  of 
Satan,  no  human  beast  could  act  as  he  acts. 
Time  after  time  he  has  skinned  us  (figuratively), 

let  us  skin  him  now.' 'We  will,  we  will! 

So  help  us  God,  we  will  ! '  answered  a  chorus 
of  deep,  indignant,  hatebreathing  voices,  and 
they  did.  Next  day  the  Pester  Lloyd  gave  a 
long  account  of  the  barbaric  vengeance  practised 
on  a  Jewish  inn-keeper.  He  had  been  skinned 
alive  and  then  plunged  into  a  cauldron  of 
boiling  water.  Naturally,  arrests  were  made  by 
the  police,  and  somebody  suffered  the  death 
penalty." 

Miss  Browning's  assertion  that  her  volume 
is  not  to  be  regarded  as  "  a  contribution 
to  the  eternal  Sex-question  "  is  wide  of  the 
mark.  Her  references  to  sexual  ques- 
tions are  not  only  frequent,  but  different 
from  what  one  might  expect  in  a  work 
issued  for  unrestricted  circulation.  Take, 
for  instance,  her  remarks  upon  the 
Roman  Catholic  clergy  of  Hungary,  who, 
she  would  appear  to  fancy,  are  unlike  other 
priests  of  their  faith  in  being  vowed  to  celi- 
bacy.    "  Priests,"  she  says, 

"  are  not  permitted  to  marry  ;  but  housekeepers 
of  the  youngest  and  prettiest  description  are 
allowed.  Also,  'nephews'  and  'nieces.'  This 
struck  me  as  being  a  neat  way  of  getting  round 
an  awkward  corner.  Euphemism  cannot  be 
said  to  have  died  out  entirely  yet.  Somehow 
the  term  '  celibate  clergy  '  always  sticks  in  my 
throat.     I  object  to  the  rankly  hypocritical." 

Not  contented  with  returning  again  and 
again  to  the  charge  against  their  clergy, 
Miss  Browning  includes  the  whole  Magyar 
race  in  one  general  indictment  of  immorality. 
In  proof  of  her  allegations  she  recounts  such 
incidents  as  this  at  Ax;id,  where  she  is  con- 
versing with  tho  hostess  of  an  inn  : — 

"  She  told  me,  amongst  other  things,  that  she 
was  in  a  great  quandary.  Her  maid-servant  had 
been  taken  ill  tho  day  before,  and  she  was  at 
her  wit's  end  to  know  how  to  get  through  all  the 
work  till  her  return. 

"  '  Is  it  likely  to  be  a  long  illness  I '  I  en- 
quired. 

"  '  Oh,  no  ;  the  child  arrived  a  couple  of  hours 
after  .she  left  here,  and  she  \s  going  on  capitally  ; 
but  she  won't  come  back  under  ten  days  or  a 
fortnight,  I'm  sure;  she  never  does.  This  is 
the  third   time  I  'vo  waited  for  her,  but  she  's 


such  a  good  girl  I  d  rather  wait  than  hire 
anothi 

"  'The  third  time  I  But  why  doesn't  tho  man 
many  her  |  ' 

"  '  Which    of    then    does    the    gracious    lady 

mean  /  ' 

"  '  Which  I      Well either  of  them     ' 

"'Oil!      They're    all    to.,     poor    for    her     to 

marry  them.     Her  father  wouldn't  give  her  t<> 

either  one  of  them.  She  's  a  beauty,  you  know, 
and  rich  too.  Such  hair,  such  eyes,  such  a 
tongue  !     She  's  never  at  a  loss  for   an    answer 

to  anybody She  11  make  a  good  match  when 

she  does  marry  ;  that  's  very  certain.  Why  ! 
her  dower  won't  bo  a  kreutzer  less  than  fifty 
florins,  besides  linen  and  feather  beds  and 
poultry.  Yes,  indeed,  gracious  lady,  the  man 
who  gets  her  for  a  wife  may  deem  himself  a 
very  lucky  fellow.' 

"'But   the    three    children    and    these 

goings  on  I  ' 

"'Pshaw!  gracious  lady,  what  of  them? 
That  's  nothing  to  do  with  her  husband  ! 
Besides,  hasn't  he  done  the  same  himself  with 
other  girls  I  Can  he  expect  better  than  he 
gives?  No,  no:  justice  in  everything,  if  you 
please.' " 

Although  Miss  Browning  asserts  that  she 
is  only  twenty-three,  she  must  have  enjoyed  an 
extensive  and  varied  experience.  She  alludes 
to  visits  to  countries  all  over  the  globe ; 
intimates  acquaintance  with  all  kinds  of 
arts  and  sciences,  past,  present,  and  to  come ; 
and  claims  to  be  conversant  with  several 
languages,  various  philosophies,  and,  indeed, 
more  things  than  are  dreamt  of  by  most 
men.  Truly,  she  displays  a  smattering  of 
colloquial  German,  but  the  depth  of  her 
French  may  be  gauged  by  the  quotations 
with  which  she  garnishes  her  book,  such  as 
"  coffee  d  la  create,"  "  on  a  change  tout  9a," 
"revenons  a  nos  moutons,"  "  toute  au  con- 
traire,"  and  the  like.  Her  Latin  citations 
are  equally  erudite,  and,  unfortunately,  she 
never  mastered  enough  Hungarian  to  compre- 
hend its  simplest  forms  or  to  write  the  names 
of  its  best-known  men  correctly,  whilst  her 
disquisitions  on  its  philology  are  simply 
ludicrous.  Her  pet  English  quotations  are 
also  faulty — unless,  indeed,  we  except  her 
slang,  in  which,  so  far  as  we  are  able  to 
judge,  she  is  proficient. 

In  facf,  the  volume  is  an  incongruous  collec- 
tion of  mistakes,  misstatements,  and  plati- 
tudes, yet  it  is  not  irretrievably  bad,  or  we 
should  not  have  taken  the  trouble  to  notice 
it.  There  are  several  interesting  pictures 
of  Hungarian  home  life  and  descriptive  bits 
of  folk-lore  likely  to  escape  the  notice  of 
casual  travellers,  and  at  times,  especially 
towards  the  end  of  the  book,  the  author's 
style  becomes  picturesque,  and  even  bril- 
liant. Had  some  experienced  literary  friend 
revised  the  work,  and  expunged  the  flip- 
pant, vulgar,  and  indecorous  sentences  — 
that  is  to  say,  one-half  of  the  book — the 
remaining  moiety  would  have  repaid 
perusal. 


Tlie  Marian    Reaction    in    its    Relation    to   the 

English    Clergy  :    a   Study  of  the  Episcopal 

Registers.      By    Walter    Howard    Frero. 

(S.'P.C.K.) 

Tins   littlo  volume  opens   up  quito  a  now 

aspect    of     a    controversy    which,     though 

recently   decided  at  Rome  for    the   faithful 

of    that    communion,    is    apparently   by    no 

means  closed.    The  book,  however,  it  should 

be  remarked,   is  tlio  fruit  of  researches  in 

episcopal    registers    which    tho    writer    was 


.ke  by  the  <  'hur  h 
"    '   rical  -.he 

question     of    Anglican    ord 
submitted     to     the     Pope,     and     it    was 

fully   completed    before   the   publication  of 
the  l'apal  decision,  to  which  the  writer  in 

last  sentence  is  looking  forward  hoj 
fully.  But  he  has  come  to  a  totally 
different  conclusion  from  that  pronoun 
at  the  Vatican ;  and  as  his  arguments  are 
founded  on  a  set  of  evidences  which  the 
Pope's  advisers  never  saw,  they  at  least 
rve  a  respectful  hearing.  Further,  we 
may  say,  without  presuming  to  pronounce 
a  judgment  ourselves,  that  his  tone  through- 
out is  exceedingly  temperate,  not  like  that 
of  a  man  desirous  to  plead  a  cause  or 
uphold  a  particular  view,  but  simply  that 
of  an  inquirer  setting  forth  the  result  of 
his  investigations. 

The  historical  interest  of  the  subject  cer- 
tainly is  by  no  means  inconsiderable ;  and 
if  there  be  no  flaw  in  the  statistics  or  the 
reasoning,  the  results  should  modify  in  some 
points  current  views  of  the  story  of  the 
Reformation.  Much  has  been  said  of  the 
deprivations  of  bishops  and  clergy  after 
the  accession  of  Elizabeth,  and  there  is  no 
question,  so  far,  of  the  facts  ;  but  it  seems, 
as  regards  changes  of  incumbencies,  nothing 
took  place  in  her  reign,  or  in  that  of  Henry 
VIII.  or  Edward  VI.,  "at  all  comparable 
in  its  effects  to  the  wholesale  Marian  devasta- 
tion." The  data,  indeed,  are  imperfect  from 
the  deficiencies  of  many  of  the  registers ;  but 
comparing  the  statistics  for  the  diocese  of 
London  with  such  as  exist  for  other  dioceses, 
especially  Norwich,  where  there  are  parti- 
cular lists  for  each  archdeaconry  compiled 
by  order  of  the  bishop,  "Wharton's  estimate 
of  one  deprivation  in  every  five  benefices 
seems  not  at  all  unlikely.  In  London  there 
was  actually  about  one  in  every  four ;  but 
the  London  average  is  suspected  to  be  too 
high  for  the  rest  of  the  country.  These 
deprivations,  Mr.  Frere  tells  us,  were  due 
to  but  one  cause — "practically  all  those 
who  were  deprived  were  deprived  for  mar- 
riage." This,  in  fact,  is  the  cause  expressly 
alleged  in  all  but  seven  cases  in  the  London 
institutions,  which  amounted  altogether  to 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty,  and  even  in 
one  of  those  seven  cases  it  is  certain  that 
the  deprived  incumbent  was  married.  Not 
a  hint  appears  anywhere,  according  to  Mr. 
Frere,  that  a  single  clergyman  was  deprived 
for  invalidity  of  orders. 

"  On  the  contrary,  in  the  cases  of  Nowell  and 
Aston,  the  Deacon's  Order  conferred  under  the 
English  Ordinal  is  clearly  if  tacitly  recognized. 
Indeed,  if  the  Edwardine  Orders  had  been  re- 
garded as  an  absolute  disqualification,  it  would 
have  been  far  simpler  to  get  rid  of  Edwardine 
clergy  on  that  ground,  rather  than  on  the  ground 
of  marriage.  But  all  the  evidence  so  far  goes  to 
show  that  they  were  not  so  regarded  ;  on  the 
contrary,  the  very  fact  that  an  Edwardine  priest 
was  deprived  for  marriage  shows  that  so  far  his 
Orders  were  recognized,  otherwise  he  would 
have  been  deprived  as  a  layman,  and  there  is 
no  instance  of  any  Edwardine  clergy  being  so 
described  at  their  deprivation  :  they  are  classed 
with  the  rest  of  the  married  clergy." 

Mr.  Frero  admits,  indeed,  that  a  certain 
number  of  the  Edwardine  clergy  presented 
themselves  to  the  Marian  bishops  for  reordi- 
nation  under  the  old  Latin  rite.  But  he 
maintains  that  a  very  large  number  were 
left  in  possession  of  their  benefices  without 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


307 


reordination  at  all ;  and  lie  appears  to  think 
that  reordination,  when  it  did  take  place, 
was  only  due  to  individual  scruples.  There 
was  some  inconsistency,  he  admits,  in  prac- 
tice;  but  the  general  tendency  of  Mary's 
policy  was  not  to  dispute  the  sufficiency  of 
the  new  ordinations. 

"The  view  that  Edwardine  Orders  were  in- 
valid, though  clearly  held  in  some  quarters  in 
the  earlier  days  of  Mary's  reign,  seems  to  have 
decayed  and  been  given  up." 

"With  this  indication  of  the  contents  of  the 
book  we  may  leave  it  to  the  reader,  who 
will  not  take  long  to  go  through  it,  for  the 
text  consists  of  only  162  small  pages.  But 
there  is  a  very  valuable  appendix  of  docu- 
ments, including  a  list  of  the  clergy  ordained 
by  Mary  in  five  different  dioceses,  arranged 
in  alphabetical  order.  There  is  also  a  good 
general  index. 


Lord    Yyet,    and  other   Poems.      By  Arthur 
Christopher  Benson.     (Lane.) 

Mr.  Arthur  Benson  is  one  of  those  rare 
verse- writers  who  are  content  to  occupy  a 
humble  position  in  poetry,  and  who  are 
worthy  to  occupy  that  position.  In  some 
introductory  verses  to  his  new  book  he 
represents  the  priests  of  song  offering  up 
the  victim  on  the  altar  : — 

Victim  or  minister 
I  dare  not  claim  to  be, 
But  in  the  concourse  and  the  stir, 
There  shall  be  room  for  me. 

The  victim  feels  the  stroke, 
The  priests  are  bowed  in  prayer: — 
I  feed  the  porch  with  fragrant  smoke, 
Strew  roses  on  the  stair. 

And  it  is,  indeed,  just  this  relation  which 
he  holds  to  those  of  whom  we  can 
say,  without  hesitation,  This  is  a  poet. 
Of  Mr.  Benson  we  can  always  say  that  he 
is  an  accomplished  writer  of  verse,  that 
he  is  sincere,  unaffected,  and  that  he  has 
observed  certain  things  which  most  people 
do  not  observe,  and  with  so  vivid  an  interest 
in  them  himself  that  his  record  of  these 
things  in  verse  seems  to  suggest  a  new, 
almost  possible  kind  of  poetic  substance.  In 
one  of  his  earlier  books  there  was  a  poem 
about  a  toad,  a  poem  about  we  forget  what 
insect,  in  which  the  curiosity  of  the  naturalist 
communicated  an  ingenious  novelty  to  that 
precisely  observed  detail  which  is  at  the 
very  root  of  poetic  imagery.  IEere  we  find 
not  only  the  cat,  the  ringdove,  and  the  hawk, 
but  live-bait  and  the  barbel,  turned,  in 
some  cases,  to  meditative  uses — perhaps,  in 
some  cases,  a  little  over-accentuated  in  their 
moral.  Thus  the  poem  on  the  owl  (written 
in  a  skilfully  handled  metre  of  some  intri- 
cacy) seems  to  us  more  artistic  in  con- 
struction than  the  poem  which  follows  it, 
on  the  ringdove,  just  because  its  meaning 
is  implicit  in  itself,  conveyed  by  sugges- 
tion, not  in  the  form  of  a  statement  of  this 
kind : — 

This  be  my  part  in  thy  unconscious  lay, — 
Strongly  to  hope  and  softly  to  aspire. 

That,  surely,  is  to  follow  Wordsworth  whero 
he  is  most  to  bo  avoided.  In  the  poem  on 
the  cat  there  is  something  perhaps  a  little 
Wordsworthian,  but  thorn  is  also  a  close 
observation,  full  of  gentle  humour,  to  which 
these  three  stanzas  will  boar  witnoss  :  — 


On  some  grave  business,  soft  and  slow, 
Along  the  garden-paths  you  go, 

With  bold  and  burning  eyes  : 
Or  stand,  with  twitching  tail,  to  mark 
What  starts  and  rustles  in  the  dark, 

Among  the  peonies. 

*  *  *  * 

You  all  day  long,  beside  the  fire, 
Retrace  in  dreams  j  our  dark  desire, 

And  mournfully  complain, 
In  grave  displeasure,  if  I  raise 
Your  languid  form  to  pet  or  praise  ; — 

And  so  to  sleep  again. 

*  *  *  * 
You  loved  me  when  the  fire  was  warm, 
But  now  I  stretch  a  fondling  arm, 

You  eye  me  and  depart. 
Cold  eyes,  sleek  skin,  and  velvet  paws, 
You  win  my  indolent  applause, 

You  do  not  win  my  heart. 

That  is  a  delicate,  an  impartial  appre- 
ciation of  an  animal  whom  it  is  difficult  to 
consider  without  prejudice.  Cats  have  this 
among  other  feminine  qualities,  that  unless 
you  are  their  lover  you  will  not  understand 
them,  and  if  you  are  too  much  their  lover 
you  will  disregard  what  you  have  under- 
stood. But  Mr.  Benson,  though  he  is  most 
easily  distinguished  from  other  people  by 
this  side  of  his  temperament,  is  not  merely 
an  observer.  He  is  able  at  times  to  express 
gravely,  and  with  the  same  precision  of  lan- 
guage with  which  he  expresses  the  mood  of 
a  cat,  the  wriggle  of  live-bait,  some  sensa- 
tions of  the  mind  which  it  is  a  triumph  over 
difficulties  to  have  expressed.  Take,  for 
instance,  the  first  and  best  of  the  four 
sonnets  on  '  Self.'  See  how  firmly  the 
escaping  idea  is  seized,  forced  to  reveal 
itself  in  its  true  shape,  held  captive  before 
one : — 

This  is  my  chiefest  torment,  that  behind 

This  brave  and  subtle  spirit,  this  swift  brain, 
There  sits  and  shivers,  in  a  cell  of  pain, 

A  central  atom,  melancholy,  blind, 

Which  is  myself  :  tho'  when  spring  suns  are  kind, 
And  rich  leaves  riot  in  the  genial  rain, 
I  cheat  him  dreaming,  slip  my  rigorous  chain, 

Free  as  a  skiff  before  the  dancing  wind. 

Then  he  awakes,  and  vexed  that  I  am  glad, 
In  dreary  malice  strains  some  nimble  chord, 
Pricks  his  thin  claw  within  some  tingling  nerve : 
And  all  at  once  I  falter,  start,  and  swerve 

From  my  true  course,  and  fall,  unmanned  and  sad, 
Into  gross  darkness,  tangible,  abhorred. 

Several  of  the  sonnets  which  fill  the  last 
twenty  pages  of  this  little  book  are  not  less 
closely  thought  out,  and  are  even  more 
sonorous  in  the  progress  of  their  rhythm.  Mr. 
Benson  has  a  considerable  power  of  writing 
impressive  single  lines — lines  full  of  a  sort  of 
rich  gravity.  His  workmanship  in  verse  is 
always  careful,  and  it  is  never  employed 
without  deliberation  or  without  taste.  Some- 
times, as  in  the  short  poem  called  '  Lord 
Vyet,'  it  is  emploj'ed  on  really  imaginative 
substance,  and  with  such  sympathetic  skill 
that  the  alchemy  is  all  but  achieved — that 
rare,  last,  invisible  drop  of  some  unknown 
essence  whicli  turns  honourable  metal  into 
pure  gold. 

The    Indian    Village    Community.     By  B.   H. 

Baden-Powell.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
SlNCB  Sir  Henry  Maino  wrote,  so  much  has 
been  discovered  about  tho  Indian  village 
community  that  the  timo  had  fully  arrived 
for  a  new  study  of  tho  subject  by  a  scholar 
who  is  also  an  Indian  official,  and  an  Indian 
official  who  is  also  a  student  of  tho  com- 
parative history  of  institutions.    Mr.  Baden- 


Powell  has  essayed  to  fill  this  position,  but 
valuable  as  his  work  is  in  many  respects, 
we  are  bound  to  say  that  he  has  not  suc- 
ceeded in  producing  the  book  that  is  so 
much  needed. 

Recognizing   almost   all  the   elements  of 
the   problem   according    to    the    results    of 
recent  research — ethnological,  institutional, 
legal,    economical,    and    religious  —  recog- 
nizing, too,  the  important  consideration  of 
geography,  which  is  so  often  ignored  by  the 
English   student,  Mr.    Baden  -  Powell   has, 
in    our    opinion,    stated   too   many   of   the 
general  conclusions  he  has  formed  from  the 
evidence  he  has  collected  and  observed,  and 
too  little  of  the  evidence  itself.  With  several 
of  his  general  conclusions  we  are  in  com- 
plete accord,  and  we  can  with  a  little  trouble 
refer  to  the    sources    from    which    he    has 
drawn  his  evidence ;  with  others  of  his  con- 
clusions it  is  difficult  to  agree,  and  we  should 
have  preferred   to    see    the  evidence   upon 
which   they   rest     properly   set    forth   and 
examined  in  detail.     No  doubt  Mr.  Baden- 
Powell's  own  familiarity  with  the  subject 
prevents  him  from  quite  seeing  the  import- 
ance of   presenting  to  the  English  student 
a  series  of  complete  examples  of  the  Indian 
village  community  in  all  the  different  stages 
of  development,  and  under  all  the  varying 
influences,    racial    and    economical,    which 
have  differentiated  the  various  types.     But 
it  is  not  enough    to  have    some  important 
features    dismissed    in    a  sentence  or   two, 
other  features  described,  or  rather  discussed, 
at  some  length,  while  other  features — gene- 
rally  some  very  important   and    significant 
rite    or    religious    ceremony — are  relegated 
to  the  safe  obscurity  of  a  foot-note.     For  it 
is  true  now,  j  ust  as  it  was  true  when  Sir 
Henry  Maine  and    other    authorities    first 
began  to  write  on  the  subject,  that  the  key 
to  much  of  the  economical  and  institutional 
history  of  the  Western  world  is  to  be  found 
by  a  scientific  comparison,  undertaken  with 
care  and  precaution,  of  the  economical  and 
institutional  history  of  India.  Let  thereader, 
for  instance,  note  what  such  a  comparison 
means  in  one  important  particular  empha- 
sized more  than  once  throughout  Mr.  Baden- 
Powell's  book  —  we  mean  the  question  of 
a  communal  or  collective  form  of  tenure. 
Mr.    Baden- Powell    can    find  it    nowhere. 
He  disputes  with  Mr.  Maine,  Mr.  Tupper, 
and   other  authorities  the  conclusions  they 
have      drawn,      and     be      goes      out      of 
his     way,    as    it    would     seem,    to     deny 
this      characteristic     whenever     there      is 
a   chance    of    doing   so.      But    it  happens 
that    a    distinguished    historical    jurist    in 
England,  Mr.  F.  W.  Maitland,  is  engaged 
upon  the  same  crusade    in  respect  of    tho 
survivals,     or    assumed    survivals,     of    tho 
village  community  in  England.     Where  Sir 
Henry  Maine,    Mr.    Soebohm,  Trof.    Vino- 
gradoff,     Mr.     Gomme,     and     others    havo 
detected  evidence  of  communal  tenure,  Mr. 
Maitland  can  see  none.     Like  Mr.  Badon- 
Powell  with  tho   Indian  evidence,  ho    can 
only  detect  a  mass  of  co  sharers  of  a  given 
extent  of  territory,  a  mass  of  men  who   aro 
tenants  of  one  manor,  of  burghers  who  aro 
residents  in  ono  town ;  but  ho  cannot  seo 
communal   holding  in    all  this.  _    Now  such 
an  agreement  as  this  by  two  independent 
authorities,  ono  dealing  with  the  primitive 
or  archaic  side  of  the  village  community, 
the   other  dealing  with   tho    historical    or 


308 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN/ETM 


X  3619. 


Mabch  6,  '97 


developed  side  <»f  tlio  village  coininiiriity, 
is  of  grout  importance,  and  it  may  well  bo 
that  scholars  will  have  to  change  their 
terminology  somewhat  and  to  rewrite  much 
of  the  early  history  of  institutions,  which 
lias  of  late  received  such  special  attention  ; 
but  if  this  should  prove  to  bo  necessary, 
•we  should  have  liked  Mr.  Baden-Powell  to 
givo  in  his  work  tho  necessary  materials 
for  tracing  out  each  step  of  tho  argu- 
ment from  tho  Indian  ovidenco  before  the 
conclusions  are  stated,  and  it  is  impossible 
to  avoid  thiuking  that  it  is  a  fault  not  to 
have  done  so. 

It  may  be  that  the  fight  which  is  begin- 
ning round  this  subject  is  much  more 
than  one  of  terms  only ;  but,  if  so,  it 
would  save  an  immensity  of  labour  if 
certain  definite  facts  could  bo  settled.  Mr. 
Baden-Powell  could,  it  appears  probable, 
have  helped  towards  this  end.  Let  us  take  an 
instance.  Mr.  Maitland  lays  great  and  very 
proper  stress  upon  the  fact  that  as  escheats 
went  to  the  lord  or  to  the  king,  and  not 
to  the  community,  the  theory  of  individual 
holding  is  thereby  indicated.  But  in  parts 
of  India,  at  all  events,  on  the  failure  of 
heirs  male  the  land  becomes  the  property 
of  the  village,  and  is  divided  among  its 
members  {e.g.,  Mr.  Carmichael's  'Manual 
of  the  Vizagapatam  District,'  p.  95) ;  and 
upon  such  an  important  detail  as  this  we 
should  have  liked  Mr.  Baden  -  Powell's 
observations,  and,  above  all,  a  series  of 
well  -  arranged  examples.  But  the  reader 
does  not  get  them.  He  gets  incidental 
notes,  as  from  the  Kheri  district  (p.  318), 
that  "all  lapsed  and  forfeited  villages" 
became  the  Raja's ;  but  the  point  is  too 
important  to  be  passed  over  like  this. 

The  chapter  on  joint  villages  arising  from 
foundation  by  individuals  is  of  special 
interest  to  the  subject  as  it  is  viewed  by  the 
author : — 

"Individual  enterprises,  the  rise  to  local 
power  of  individual  families,  the  establishment 
of  Royal  Courts,  with  the  grants,  assignments, 
and,  ultimately,  the  revenue  farms  which  they 
give  rise  to — these  are  the  causes  of  the  establish- 
ment of  individual  lordships  over  village  as  well 
as  larger  estates,  and  are  equally  the  causes  of 
the  foundation  of  new  villages  in  uninhabited 
country." 

It  will  be  seen  how  closely  these  political 
conditions  touch  those  of  early  Europe, 
and  it  is  not  surprising  that  in  this 
branch  of  tho  subject  there  exist  many 
interesting  features  of  village  institu- 
tions, which  need  most  careful  elucidation 
and  ample  illustration  before  his  readers 
are  ready  for  the  analysis  which  Mr. 
Baden-Powell  attempts  to  supply. 

Our  complaint  against  this  book,  there- 
fore, is  in  reference  to  tho  method  adopted 
for  bringing  forward  the  results  of  the 
author's  researches  —  the  method,  namely, 
of  comparing  different  features  selected 
from  many  examples,  instead  of  selecting 
different  examples  and  comparing  thorn, 
first  in  details,  and  then  as  a  whole,  one 
with  another.  And  this  complaint  is  surely 
justified  by  tho  illumination  afforded  by  tho 
two  or  three  cases  where  complete  or  nearly 
complete  examples  of  a  community  are 
given,  as,  for  instance,  that  on  p.  214  of 
"an  actual  instance  which  carno  under  my 
notice  judicially,"  as  tho  author  pointedly 
states.    In  this  case  we  have  a  uniquo  study 


in  primitive  oconomicH,  which  supply  the 
key  for  solving  many  of  the  lung-continued 
disputes  about  tho  relationship  of  rent  to 
taxation,  and  which  many  have  suspc 
to  exist  in  India,  but  have  hitherto  failed 
to  find  recorded.  Let  us,  however,  hasten 
to  observe  that  in  taking  this  line  of  criti- 
cism wo  aro  not  intending  to  cast  any  doubt 
on  tho  distinct  contribution  which  this 
book  makes  towards  tho  subject ;  our  criti- 
cism arises  out  of  the  regret  which  we  feel 
that  tho  book  was  not  made,  as  it  could  well 
have  been,  of  greater  value.  The  author 
knows  quite  well  tho  importance  of  the  sub- 
ject from  the  point  of  view  we  have  taken, 
for  in  the  introductory  pages  he  states 
succinctly  and  ably  what  that  view  is, 
and  refers  to  the  necessity  of  securing  for 
observation  types  of  the  Indian  village  com- 
munity in  all  its  forms.  Perhaps  the  most 
useful  part  of  tho  book  is  that  dealing  with 
the  geographical  and  physical  features  of 
India,  where  it  is  shown  that  the  influence 
of  environment  in  producing  certain  forms 
of  economical  development  is  really  great. 
Scarcely  less  important  is  the  section  on 
ethnographical  considerations,  and  we  sup- 
pose after  this  it  will  not  again  be  seriously 
asserted  that  the  village  community  is  an 
institution  originating  with  the  Aryan- 
speaking  peoples. 

In  these  two  sections  the  evidence  is  clearly 
and  succinctly  stated,  ably  and  distinctly 
commented  upon,  and  the  reader  is  taken 
forward  to  the  conclusion  in  a  manner  that 
is  in  every  way  admirable.  One  of  the  most 
important  sections,  and  no  doubt  one  of  the 
most  difficult,  is  that  dealing  with  the  re- 
lationship of  the  tribe  to  the  village.  This 
is  the  point  which  in  Europe  has  almost 
defied  elucidation,  and  Mr.  Baden- Powell  at 
least  shows  that  in  India  all  the  elements 
of  the  problem  exist.  That  he  has  worked 
out  all  these  elements  he  himself  would,  of 
course,  not  pretend,  and  we  trust  he  will 
return  to  this  part  of  the  subject  in  a  separate 
treatise.  The  Aryan  tribal  system,  with  its 
foundation  resting  on  the  sacred  rights  of 
blood  kinship,  and  the  non- Aryan  political 
system  (using  the  word  "political"  in  its 
extended  sense),  with  its  foundation  rest- 
ing on  a  union  of  common  interests  and 
often  on  an  agricultural  basis,  met  together 
in  India  and  founded  a  new  system,  which 
is  represented  at  different  stages  of  coalition 
in  different  places.  This  process  of  coalition 
wants  thorough  investigation,  not  only  on 
account  of  its  value  to  Indian  institutions, 
but  on  account  of  its  value  in  comparative 
politics  wherever  Aryan-speaking  peoples 
have  conquered  and  settled. 

One  excellent  feature  of  Mr.  Baden- 
Powell's  work  is  the  explanation  and 
illustration  of  the  various  tenure  terms. 
Often  of  an  extremely  technical  character 
in  meaning  and  signification,  they  have 
been  frequently  used  in  the  earlier  revenue 
and  settlement  reports  to  describe  things 
to  which  they  were  not  really  applicable, 
with  the  result  that  institutions  have 
frequently  in  subsequent  administrative 
transactions  been  made  to  conform  to  the 
terms  used.  Thus  the  effect  of  English  rule 
on  Indian  institutions  is  always  a  serious 
factor  to  be  reckoned  with,  and  in  this 
department  Mr.  Baden-Powell's  guidance  is 
of  extreme  importance.  "When,  however, 
he    is    using    tho     terms    of     science    his 


guidance  is  not  so  useful.  It  is  not 
only  mi-leading,  but  incorrect,  to  state 
of  the  Hindu  system  of  kinship,  with  its 
parallels  in  Greek,  Welsh,  and  Hebrew 
systems,  that  "  when  in  such  widely  dilferent 
regions  ire  come  across  this  same  distinction, 
we  are  justified  in  believing  it  to  be  uni- 
versal and  springing  out  of  a  feeling  common 
to  all  early  tribes,  and  founded  in  human 
nature  itself"  (p.  236)  ;  and,  indeed,  there 
is  throughout  a  great  tendency  to  appeal 
to  "natural  feelings  common  to  human 
nature  "  (p.  233)  for  the  first  cause  of  many 
things.  Again,  no  evidence  is  adduced  but 
general  theory  for  the  statement  as  to  the 
Dravidians  that  they  "had  strong  agri- 
cultural instincts,  and  had  passed  out  of  the 
nomadic  and  pastoral  stage"  (p.  403),  as  if 
nomadic,  pastoral,  and  agricultural  conditions 
formed  the  necessary  and  universal  order  of 
development  of  human  society.  And  what 
does  Mr.  Baden-Powell  mean  by  the  state- 
ment that  "  all  we  can  discover  of  the  earliest 
clans  leads  us  to  believe  that  they  were  not 
unorganized  hordes  or  collections  of  in- 
dividuals ;  they  were  invariably  organized 
on  some  principle"  (p.  232)?  Surely  we  have 
long  since  passed  this  elementary  know- 
ledge, while  the  term  "  horde  "  itself  haa 
assumed  a  specialized  meaning  at  the  hands 
of  Dr.  Mucke  and  other  authorities. 

We  trust  it  will  not  appear  ungracious  to 
have  made  these  objections.  The  expres- 
sions complained  of  disfigure  the  book  too 
frequently  to  be  altogether  passed  over,  and 
they  could  so  easily  have  been  avoided. 
The  index  is  a  very  poor  one,  but  the 
diagrams  and  tabular  information  are  most 
excellent,  affording  a  ready  means  of  ex- 
plaining difficult  facts  which  it  is  to  be  hoped 
may  find  favour  in  the  future  among  authors 
of  this  kind  of  work. 


NEW   NOVELS. 


The   Spoils  of  Poynton.      By  Henry  James. 

(Heinemann.) 
Tiie  first  impression  produced  on  the  reader 
by  Mr.  James's  latest  novel  is  that  he  i» 
looking  at  things  through  glasses  not  quite 
suited  to  his  focus ;  the  next,  that  it  must 
have  cost  the  author  a  deal  of  trouble 
to  write.  If  you  debar  yourself  from  the 
use  of  "spade,"  "implement  of  hus- 
bandry," or  "adjective  shovel,"  it  is  not 
always  easy  to  find  an  English  phrase  that 
will  legitimately  denote  the  article,  and 
when  you  do  find  one  the  chances  are  that 
your  reader  will  not  be  sufficiently  in  the 
habit  of  associating  it  with  the  object  indi- 
cated to  be  able,  without  conscious  effort, 
to  proceed  from  it  to  the  idea  of  that  object. 
And  conscious  effort  is  just  what  the  novel- 
reader  does  not  want.  The  odd  thing  is  that 
the  story  is  really  simple  enough.  Mrs. 
Gereth  is  a  widow  who  has  spent  her 
married  life  in  making  a  palace  of  art  at 
Poynton.  The  house  and  all  the  pretty 
things  in  it  have  become  her  only  son's 
property,  and  tho  question  that  torments 
her  is  whether  ho  will  marry  some  one  not 
only  capable  of  appreciating  her  "  lordly 
pleasure-house,"  but  also  willing  to  allow  its 
creator  to  continue  in  undisturbed  enjoy- 
ment of  it.  Unfortunately  he,  being  a 
person  of  dull  perceptions,  settles  upon  a 
girl  who  has  been  brought  up  in  an  atmo- 
sphere of  opulent  bad  taste,   but  is  sharp 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


309 


enough  to  see  that  Mrs.  Gereth's  bric-a-brac 
is  worth  holding  fast  to.  Mean  time  that 
lady  has  pitched  upon  a  damsel  who  combines 
the  qualifications  which  she  requires  in  a 
daughter-in-law,  and  the  story  amounts 
practically  to  a  narrative  of  the  contest  (for 
the  spoils  of  Poynton)  between  Mona  Brig- 
stocke  and  Mrs.  Gereth,  fighting  behind 
her  protegee,  Fleda  Vetch.  We  cannot 
exactly  congratulate  Mr.  James  this  time  on 
his  taste  in  nomenclature.  The  situation  is 
further  complicated  by  the  fact  that  the 
elder  lady,  when  retiring  from  the  house  m 
consequence  of  her  son's  engagement,  carries 
off  a  "large  and  important"  selection  from 
the  portable  property  contained  in  it.  The 
struggle  is  well  balanced,  and  the  reader  is 
never  justified  till  it  is  over  in  anticipating 
one  end  or  the  other  to  it.  The  more 
obvious  characters,  Owen  Gereth  and  Mona, 
are  concrete  enough,  if  not  very  interesting 
— they  are  the  matter.  Mrs.  Gereth,  the 
force,  is  decidedly  more  of  an  abstraction, 
and  not  wholly  a  pleasant  one,  if  we  rightly 
decipher  the  plan  of  campaign  which  she 
enjoins  upon  Fleda.  As  for  Fleda  herself— 
well,  the  mind  and  heart  of  a  girl  such  as 
Mr.  James  seems  to  have  in  his  eye  is  an 
unexplored  region  to  any  man,  so  anything 
may  be  put  there,  and  no  one  has  any  right 
to  say  it  cannot  be  there.  The  only  real 
fault  in  the  construction  of  the  book  is  the 
fire  at  the  end.  A  catastrophe  of  that  kind 
has  no  business  in  a  novel  unless  it  be  either 
cause  or  effect.  Now  here,  so  far  as  the 
6tory  goes,  it  is  neither. 

A  Capful  o'  Nails.     By  D.  Christie  Murray. 

(Chatto  &  Windus.) 
Mr.  Christie  Murray  in  a  short  preface 
reviews  his  own  book  unfavourably.  It  is, 
a b  he  suggests,  not  much  of  a  novel,  because 
its  purpose  is  too  plain.  It  is  a  vigorously 
written  story  of  the  martyrdom  of  a  nail- 
maker  who  fought  for  the  cause  of  his 
wretched  fellow  workers.  The  misery  and 
cruelty  with  which,  unfortunately,  a  true 
chronicle  of  such  a  struggle  must  be  loaded 
are  relieved  by  some  acts  of  extraordinary 
kindness.  From  the  point  of  view  of  art 
these  seem  to  occur  almost  too  conveniently  ; 
but  the  sad  story  wanted  some  such  con- 
trasts. One  of  the  best  touches  in  the  book 
is  supplied  by  the  kindly,  but  not  very  wise 
Mr.  Jeremiah,  a  character  drawn  to  some 
extent,  as  the  author  admits,  after  Mr. 
Dick  in  '  David  Copperfield.'  His  good 
nature  and  genial  vanity  are  described  with 
pleasant  humour,  and  even  with  something 
of  the  pathetic.  Mr.  Murray  shows  his 
skill  as  a  writer  in  no  way  more  decidedly 
than  in  his  accounts  of  savagery  and  blood- 
shed. His  descriptions  are  harrowing,  but 
not  disgusting. 

/    Missing    Witness :   from    the  Narrative   of 
Dorothy   Heatherly.     By    Frank    Barrett. 
(Chatto  &  Windus.) 
1'ketty,   pathetic,    improbable,    and    hack- 
neyed— these  are  the  epithets,  all  more  or 
-  commonplace,  which  best  describe  Mr. 
Barrett's    illustrated    story    of    a    returned 
convict  and  his  complete  vindication.    There 
is  nothing    altogether  improbable    in     the 
escape  of  a  man  from  penal  servitude,  and 
the    subsequent    discovery    that   ho    ought 
never  to  have  been  sent  to  Dartmoor  ;  but, 


in  spite  of  all  the  records  of  physiology,  it 
does  arouse  a  sense  of  incredulity  to  be  told 
of  an  imbecile  who  has  his  broken  skull 
manipulated  until  he  suddenly  reverts  to  a 
scene  which  had  been  interrupted  many 
years  before,  and  is  thus  enabled  to  bring 
the  guilty  to  book,  and  to  relieve  the  inno- 
cent from  suspicion.  The  reader  who  already 
knows  Mr.  Barrett  as  a  novelist  will  under- 
stand at  once  the  use  which  he  has  made 
of  these  materials,  and  will  not  be  surprised 
if  he  finds  one,  two,  or  even  three  couples 
of  sweethearts  whose  happiness  depends 
upon  that  bit  of  broken  bone  on  the 
imbecile's  skull,  and  who  in  years  to  come 
will  inevitably  compete  with  each  other  for 
the  Dunmow  flitch.  Needless  to  add  that 
the  bit  of  bone  is  removed  in  presence  of 
the  various  actors  in  this  little  drama,  that 
it  is  done  by  one  of  the  future  husbands, 
and  that  the  description  is  a  complete 
chapter  of  clinical  surgery. 


Arrested.  By  Esme  Stuart.  (White  &  Co.) 
A  man  in  prison  for  a  crime  he  has  not 
committed,  to  wit,  a  brutal  murder ;  an 
imbecile ;  a  heroine  named  Elsie,  with  some- 
body to  persecute  her  in  the  absence  of  her 
lover — these  are  pawns  in  Miss  Stuart's 
game,  as  they  are  in  Mr.  Frank  Barrett's. 
'  Arrested '  has  an  advantage  over  '  A 
Missing  Witness  '  in  length,  but  not  in  pro- 
bability or  in  novelty,  or  in  its  modes  of  pro- 
ducing a  melodramatic  effect.  It  is  not  one 
of  the  best  stories  which  Miss  Stuart  has 
written,  though  it  reveals  much  of  her 
wonted  refinement  of  feeling  and  quiet 
humour.  We  regret  to  find  that  Miss 
Stuart's  heroines  continue  to  regard  her 
heroes  as  young  Greek  gods.  Elsie's  sweet- 
heart was  a  young  English  simpleton,  who 
fully  deserved  all  the  trouble  that  overtook 
him. 

Margaret  Moore,  Spinster.  By  A.  W.  Buck- 
land.  (Ward  &  Downey.) 
It  is  a  pleasure  in  these  days  of  the  New 
Woman,  with  her  atmosphere  of  storm  and 
stress,  to  meet  with  a  simple  story  of  the 
loves  and  cares  of  woman  some  hundred 
years  ago,  when  the  fireside,  and  not  the 
platform,  still  claimed  her  as  its  rightful 
occupant.  Such  is  the  love  story  of  Mar- 
garet Moore,  and  though  in  no  sense  a  new 
one,  it  is  redeemed  from  the  commonplace 
by  a  refreshing  atmosphere  of  old-world 
sentiment,  and  by  its  picturesque  setting  of 
town  and  country  life  in  the  days  of  our 
grandmothers.  Margaret  is  introduced  to 
us  in  her  home,  a  farmhouse  in  Wiltshire, 
where  an  accident  throws  her  in  the  way  of 
a  gay  but  worthless  gallant.  Despite  the 
warnings  of  her  brothers  and  the  pricks  of 
her  own  conscience,  she  clings  to  her  faithless 
lover,  and  thus  by  means  direct  and  indirect 
causes  misery  and  misfortune  to  her  family 
and  friends,  at  the  same  time  wrecking  her 
own  happiness.  The  characters,  though 
slight  and  somewhat  hacknoyed,  are  well 
drawn  and  consistent,  while  tho  glimpses 
of  Bath  and  its  society  in  the  days  of  its 
glory  are  perhaps  tho  part  of  the  book  on 
which  Miss  Buckland  is  most  to  be  con- 
gratulated. 


The     Wooing    of   a    Fairy.       By    Gertrude 

Warden.     (Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
The   eminent  writers   of   fiction  who  have 
lately   been    airing   their   opinions    of    re- 
viewers in  the  columns  of  a  daily  paper — 
those  of  them,  at  any  rate,  who  said  severe 
things  about  that  much-enduring  class— had 
a  good  deal  to  say,  if  we  remember  right, 
about  the  perfunctory  and  superficial  cha- 
racter   of    much    modern     criticism.       No 
reviewer,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  has  re- 
torted about  the  perfunctory  and  superficial 
character  of  much  that  passes  for  fiction — 
these   controversies,    it   may   be    observed, 
always  turn  upon  fiction  ;  philosophers,  his- 
torians, men  of  science,  rarely  complain  that 
their  works  are  perfunctorily  reviewed.     It 
is  when  the  reviewer  is  brought  face  to  face 
with  works  like  '  The  Wooing  of  a  Fairy ' 
that  he  is  at  his  wits'  end  how  to  avoid  the 
charge  of  perfunctoriness  without  giving  an 
undue  importance  to  the   infinitely  worth- 
less.    "Worthless"  is  the  word  ;  the  book, 
like  scores  of  others,  is  not  coarse,  not  im- 
moral,  not  grotesque,   but   simply  without 
any   value.      It   is    clear   that   the   author 
has  never  studied  men  and  women  outside 
the   covers    of   novels ;    her   characters   are 
the  merest  cliches,  which  never,  even  at  their 
freshest,    bore    any   near    resemblance    to 
any  people  that  walk  this  earth,   and  are 
now  as  unrecognizable  as  her  gipsies  who 
talk   "Yeddish."      How  is   it  possible  for 
the  critic  who  knows  what  a  novel  ought  to 
be  to  "put  himself  in  touch,"  or  whatever 
the  phrase  is,  with  the  writer  of  a  book  like 
this?     Nobody  demands  elaborate  musical 
criticism  of  '  Two  Lovely  Black  Eyes  ';  why 
should  any  one  look  for  careful  studies  of 
novels  which  stand  in  the  category  of  fiction 
about  where   that  once  popular  air  stands 
in  that  of  music  ? 

Gilbert  Murray.  By  A.  E.  Houghton.  (Smith, 

Elder  &  Co.) 
The  main  characteristics  of  Mr.  Houghton's 
book  are  easily  summed  up.  The  story  is 
simple  and  unaffected  ;  there  are  few  graces 
of  style  in  the  composition,  while  the  morals 
of  the  volume  are  absolutely  unexceptionable. 
There  is  little  originality  in  the  plot,  which 
deals  with  the  affairs  of  various  families 
living  in  England  in  our  own  times.  The 
nearest  approach  to  anything  of  the  sort  is 
not  very  happily  contrived.  A  gentleman 
engages  himself  to  a  young  lady,  though  (to 
use  his  own  words  to  his  dearest  friend)  he 
never  intended  nor  hoped  to  marry  her.  He 
professes  that  his  intentions  were  really  good 
"  in  the  main,"  and  asks  that  his  blundering 
may  be  forgiven.  It  is  hardly  to  be  won- 
dered at  that  the  author  has  some  difficulty 
in  making  a  story  out  of  these  materials. 
In  fact,  his  book  is  better  suited  to  the 
schoolroom  than  the  drawing-room.  The 
right  man  dies  and  the  survivors  are 
well  provided  for,  and  aro  put  in  a  fair 
way  to  live  happily. 

Weighed  in  the  Balance.     By  Harry  Lander, 

(Lane.) 
This  book  appears  to  liavo  been  written 
largely  with  a  view  to  tho  expression  of 
personal  wrongs,  and  perhaps  for  this 
reason,  clever  as  it  is  in  many  respects,  it 
fails  to  carry  conviction.  Moreover,  though 
Mr.    Lander    can    write    well,    he   has    not 

9 


310 


T  II  E     A  Til  KNjEUM 


N  3619,  Mabcb  6,  'U7 


acquired  the  art  oi  construction,  and  there 
is   little  continuity  in   the  gamut  oi  dc- 

morali/aticiii  through  which  his  hero  passes, 
and  which  is  detailed  to  us  both  in  the  first 
and  third  person,  a  habit  that  is  as  in- 
artistic as  it  u  bewildering.  Thestory  pur- 
ports to  be  the  i  onfesaiona  of  a  certain  James 
Norton,  who  is  driven  to  a  life  of  reckless- 
ness and  (rime  because  his  early  socialistic 
and  possibly  bitter  aspirations  fail  in  fulfil- 
ment, and  are  unappreciated  by  the  plebeian 
mill-owning  family  to  which  ho  belongs.  It 
reads,  however,  rather  as  a  bitter  attack 
upon  the  manufacturing  class  as  a  whole, 
and  especially  upon  those  members  of  it 
who  aro  successful,  and  the  bitterness  is 
so  overdone  that  the  truth  which  without 
doubt  underlies  it  does  not  convince  us  as 
it  should.  Mr.  Lander  knows  his  surround- 
ings well.  The  picture  of  the  North- 
Country  town  and  its  life  is  excellent  if 
depressing,  and  Norton's  disreputable  ex- 
periences across  the  Atlantic,  both  east  and 
west,  are  painted  with  force  and  occasional 
brilliancy.  Each  time  that  a  woman  crosses 
his  path,  however,  the  story  becomes  trivial 
and  vulgar,  for  the  women  have  no  reality. 
Norton's  is  a  strange  character,  but  for  all 
that  we  hear  of  it  we  are  barely  persuaded 
that  he  is  a  much  more  honest,  while  he  is 
certainly  a  less  useful  man,  than  the  brother 
at  whom  he  and  his  author  are  ever  ready 
to  cast  a  stone. 

Gentleman  George.   By  Mrs.  Herbert  Martin. 

(Hurst  &  Blackett.) 
Mrs.  Martin's  story  is  said  to  be  without 
a  heroine,  but  some  people  will  find  one  in 
four -year -old  Sukey,  the  passionate  and 
self-willed  child  who  is  so  fervently  in  love 
with  the  hero.  Her  mother,  "  a  meek, 
stout,  long-suffering  woman,"  has  many 
misgivings  about  her  :  — 

"'You  may  comfort  yourself  with  thinking 
Sukey  is  more  earthly  than  heavenly,  Mrs. 
Rogers,'  George  said,  smiling.  '  I  don't  fancy 
really  the  Lord  can  want  such  a  handful.'  '  No, 
that  is  a  comfort  too,'  the  mother  said,  quite 
gravely  and  devoutly,  '  there  ain't  much  making 
of  an  angel  in  Sukey — that 's  very  true.  And 
whatever  her  is,  Mr.  Jarge,  I  'ool  say  this  for 
her,  her  ain't  a  liar,  and  her  has  got  a  good 
'eart.'" 

Imperfect  qualifications  for  the  struggle 
of  life  for  an  impulsive  maiden  of  the 
peasant  class,  but  likely  to  win  friends,  as 
in  the  present  instance.  The  little  maid's 
chum  is  a  broken-down  man  of  fifty,  shift- 
less rather  than  a  wrongdoer,  who  has 
parted  from  home  and  family  for  a  quarter 
of  a  century,  and  led  a  solitary  life  among 
the  poor  of  a  Midland  village.  The  simple 
story  is  well  told,  and  one  learns  to  condone 
George's  shiftlessness  for  the  sake  of  his 
humanity.  It  has  the  further  merit  of 
truthfulness  in  the  description  of  his  rustic 
friends. 

The  Wine  and  the  Wayward.    By  G.  S.  Street. 

(Lane.) 
In  'The  Wiso  and  the  Wayward'  Mr. 
Street  is  not  seen  to  the  best  advantage. 
Excollent  artist  as  he  is,  here  one  finds  him 
at  work  at  a  style  of  composition  which  for 
the  present  does  not  thoroughly  suit  him. 
This  is  the  first  regular  novel  he  has  pub- 
lished, and  tho  experiment  is  not  so  success- 
ful as  might  have   been  hoped   for.      The 


■  obvious  Indication  oi  Lis  not  feeling 
quite  master  oi  this  sort  oi  work  is  that  Lis 
humour  does  not  serve  bun  so  well  as  in  his 
earlier  books.  He  seems  to  have  boon  to 
some  extent  oppressed  by  the  seriousness 
oi  his  task.  Hut  the  practised  reader  of 
novels  need  not  go  far  to  discover  another 
sign  of  tho  novice.  Tho  story  starts  badly. 
It  is  introduced  too  laboriously,  with  too 
much  description  and  too  much  effort  to 
show  tho  state  of  things  in  which  it  begins. 
The  strong-  parts  of  the  book  are  the  con- 
versation (in  which  a  clever  writer  can 
generally  do  well)  and  the  critical  analysis, 
which  is,  as  a  rule,  a  fault  in  novel-writing. 
Hero  Mr.  Street  is  at  his  best.  In  the  con- 
struction of  his  story  he  is  not  inspired.  It 
may  be  conceded  that  the  events  narrated 
happen  as  in  real  life,  but  in  examining  a 
well-worked-out  story  one  ought  not  to  have 
to  say,  "This  is  exactly  what  would  have 
happened."  That  is  usually  commonplace 
and  ineffective.  One  requires  of  the  novelist 
that  he  should  so  choose  his  action  and 
control  the  course  of  events  that  one  may 
say,  "  This  is  exactly  how  it  would  have 
happened."  It  is  obvious  that  in  real  life 
the  wayward  go  to  the  wall  and  the  wise 
succeed.  Mr.  Street  affects  to  be  contented 
with  his  tame  conclusion  ;  his  readers  must 
think  otherwise.  The  novelist's  task  was 
to  defeat  the  dulness  of  the  ordinary  course 
of  events,  to  contrive  something  dramatic, 
and  compel  one  to  admit  that  it  happened 
naturally. 


LAW-BOOKS. 


A  Short  History  of  Solicitors.  By  E.  B.  V. 
Christian,  LL.B.  (Reeves  &  Turner.) — This  is 
by  no  means  a  book  to  be  dreaded  by  the  general 
reader  ;  for,  though  dealing  with  law  and  called 
by  the  severe  name  of  "history,"  it  abounds 
in  anecdotes,  traditions,  and  lively  quotations 
from  old  dramatists  and  other  writers,  so  that 
there  is  scarcely  a  page  which  can  be  said  to 
consist  merely  of  dry  legal  records  or  dull 
statistics.  The  history,  of  course,  includes 
attorneys,  and  goes  back  to  the  times  when 
attorneys  and  solicitors  were  persons  privately 
employed  by  the  rich  and  great,  having  no  legal 
status  and  constituting  no  distinct  social  body. 
From  those  early  times  the  growth  of  a  pro- 
fession is  gradually  traced  down  to  the  present 
day,  when  solicitors  (including  persons  who 
would  formerly  have  been  called  attorneys  and 
also  those  practitioners  who,  until  recently,  were 
called  proctors)  are  officers  of  the  High  Court, 
and  are  hemmed  in  by  all  sorts  of  acts  and 
orders  which  regulate,  or  purport  to  regulate, 
their  conduct  in  every  particular.  Mr.  Christian 
somewhat  exaggerates  the  statutory  and  other 
restrictions  under  which  the  business  of  a  solicitor 
in  the  nineteenth  century  is  carried  on.  No 
doubt  he  desires  to  be  impartial,  but  he  is 
carried  away  by  his  subject  and  unconsciously 
becomes  a  champion.  A  solicitor,  he  states  (to 
put  it  briefly),  must  set  forth  in  his  bill  every 
detail  of  work  done  and  the  price  charged  for  it, 
whicli  price  is  regulated  by  law  and  may  be  cut 
down  by  taxation.  It  ought  to  be  stated  in 
the  same  place  that  the  terrors  of  taxation  are 
wholly  imaginary  — partly  because  a  solicitor  in 
court  work  sends  in  /,)«>  bills,  of  which  only  ono 
is  strictly  taxed  (the  other,  generally,  not  being 
taxed  at  all),  partly  because  a  client  who  applies 
for  taxation  is  mulcted  in  coats  unless  more  than 
one-sixth  of  the  bill  is  taxed  off.  Practically,  it 
may  be  assumed  that  a  solicitor  need  not  be 
afraid  of  the  present  system  of  taxation,  and 
that,  probably,  he  gains  in  the  long  run  more 
than  he  Loses  by  it.  There  might,  we  believe, 
be  a  method  of  regulating  solicitors'  remunera- 


tion    which     would     effectively     profe 
public  ;    but  such  a  Method  has  not  yet  1 

devised.       The    author    mentions   i  nig 

as  formerly  a  barrister's,  now  to  a  great  ex- 
tent a  solicitor's,  business.  He  does  not  add 
that,  in  numberless  cases,  a  barrister  does 
all  the  work,  while  a  solicitor  is  allowed  to 
charge  for  "drawing  "  deeds  which  he  does 

draw,  thus  frequently  realizing  more  for  doing 
nothing  than  the  barrister  is  paid  for  d 
everything.  We  do  not  think  that  the  birr: 
is  underpaid  ;  if  not,  the  conclusion  is  inevitable 
that  the  public  pays  twice  over  or  more  for  « 
it  gets.  The  author  admits  that  a  solicitor — 
who,  poor  fellow,  has  only  a  "  pittance  " — has  a 
lien  on  the  client's  documents  till  the  "  pit- 
tance "  is  paid  ;  he  ought  to  state  in  the  same 
place  that  a  solicitor's  lien  extends  also  to  all 
kinds  of  property  recovered  or  preserved  by  his 
exertions,  and  is  not  limited  to  the  inte: 
of  the  actual  client.  We  have  used  here  and 
there  the  words  "in  the  same  place,"  because 
the  non-mention  of  a  particular  fact  in  a  par- 
ticular context  may  easily  mislead  the  reader, 
although  that  fact  may  be  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  the  book.  It  is  curious  to  read  that  in  old 
times  Osbaston,  a  fraudulent  solicitor,  besides 
being  "put  out  of  the  Roll,"  was  "cast  over 
the  Barr  ";  that  one  Bradley,  a  solicitor,  finding 
an  order  against  his  client  expedited,  knocked  off 
the  hat  of  the  registrar's  clerk,  and  was  promptly 
committed  to  the  Fleet  ;  that  Sir  John 
Churchill,  "a  famous  Chancery  practiser,"  took 
28L  in  his  walk  from  Lincoln's  Inn  to  Temple 
Bar,  merely  in  fees  for  motions  and  defences 
for  hastening  and  retarding  hearings  ;  that  in 
the  later  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  some 
attorneys  did  "  abominate  the  name  of  a  soli- 
citor ";  and  that  such  celebrated  judges  as  Dyer, 
Coke,  Wylde,  and  Jones  were  believed  to  1 
been  educated  as  "  clerks  to  an  attorney  of  the 
Common  Pleas."  But  for  these  and  a  host  of 
quaint  sayings  and  interesting  facts  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  Mr.  Christian's  amusing 
pages,  which,  as  has  been  hinted  earlier,  need 
not  be  looked  upon  with  that  reverential  dread 
which  usually  strikes  the  bold  Briton  at  the 
mere  suggestion  of  his  glancing  at  a  law-book. 

Riding  Cases.  Arranged,  annotated,  and 
edited  by  Robert  Campbell,  M.A.  With 
American  Notes  by  Irving  Browne.  Vols.  VII.. 
VI II.,  IX.  (Stevens  &  Sons  )— The  industry  of 
Mr.  Campbell  and  his  assistants  is  conspicuously 
evident  in  the  production  of  three  new  volumes 
of  their  important  series  during  the  year  1896. 
The  first  of  these,  in  alphabetical  sequence, 
extends  from  "Conversion"  to  "Counsel," 
the  second  from  "Criminal  L\w  "  to  "Deed," 
the  third  from  "Defamation"  to  "Dramatic 
and  Musical  Copyright."  The  three  volumes 
together  extend  to  2,365  pages,  but  vol.  ix.  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  other  two,  con- 
taining 907  pages.  Vol.  vii.  commences  with 
the  usual  little  preface,  from  which  we  learn 
that  "  the  assistance  of  Mr.  A.  E.  Randall  and 
Mr.  Agarwala,  with  whom  is  now  associated 
Mr.  J.  Ritchie,  is  continued  as  before";  and 
further,  that  "this  may  be  assumed  in  sub- 
sequent volumes."  Accordingly,  we  feel  no 
surprise  at  not  seeing  these  gentlemen's  names 
mentioned  as  contributors  to  vols.  viii.  and  ix. 
Some  readers  have  expressed  a  desire  for  a 
current  guide  in  the  shape  of  an  index  of  sub- 
jects, with  full  cross-references ;  the  editor, 
while  sympathizing  with  those  who  invoke 
such  assistance,  deems  it  undesirable  to  add 
a  separate  index  of  this  description  to  each 
volume,  but  hopes,  when  ten  volumes  h 
been  published,  to  issue  an  index  volume  for 
the  whole  decade,  with  the  valuable  supple- 
mentary feature  of  addenda  bringing  tho 
whole  up  to  date.  Vol.  ix.  has  no  preface  :  in 
the  preface  to  vol.  viii.  the  editor  states  that 
there  is  "almost  a  certainty"  of  the  work 
being  oompleted,  as  originally  estimated,  in 
twenty  five  volumes.  Considering  that  he  has 
not    yet    got     beyond     the    fourth    letter    of 


N°  3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


311 


the  alphabet,  the  reader  may  scarcely  be 
prepared  to  adopt  so  hopeful  a  view;  but  it 
must  be  remembered  that  some  of  the 
last  few  letters  of  the  alphabet  cannot 
possibly  be  prolific,  and  the  editor  points 
out  that  in  nearly  all  English  and  American 
alphabetical  works  the  first  three  letters  of  the 
alphabet  usurp  a  mighty  space.  He  adds  that 
"  Practice  "—a  "  maddening  title  "  which  com- 
monly inflates  the  letter  p  most  unreasonably  — 
will  probably  be  omitted  altogether,  the  com- 
paratively few  points  which  are  of  general  in- 
terest being  dealt  with  under  other  heads.  We 
have  heard  it  remarked  that  in  a  really  healthy 
state  of  legal  procedure  there  should  be  no 
such  word  as  "  practice, "  and  Mr.  Campbell's 
opinion  seems  to  incline  somewhat  in  that  direc- 
tion. Let  us  hope  for  this  and  other  reforms, 
particularly  for  the  abolition  of  the  doctrines 
recorded  under  the  title  "Counsel,"  namely, 
that  barristers  have  no  claim  to  be  paid  for  their 
work,  but  that,  per  contra,  they  have  the  privi- 
lege of  being  allowed  to  abuse  the  litigant  on 
the  other  side  irrelevantly,  maliciously,  and  with- 
out reasonable  cause.  0  fortunatos  nimium,  sua 
si  bona  norint ! 

We  are  glad  to  have  on  our  table  The 
Magistrate's  Annual  Practice,  1897,  by  Charles 
Milner  Atkinson  (Stevens  &  Sons  ;  Sweet  & 
Maxwell),  a  useful  and  comprehensive  work,  and 
to  hear  that  in  future  a  new  edition  may  be 
expected  every  year.  The  changes  of  law  and 
practice  are  so  frequent  that  any  book,  however 
carefully  written— perhaps  even  the  more  for 
being  carefully  written— must  to  some  extent 
misrepresent  the  actually  existing  state  of  things 
unless  kept  up  to  date  by  frequent  revision. 
The  author  is  well  aware  of  this,  and  in  the 
performance  of  his  duty  on  the  present  occasion 
he  increases  the  whole  book  (including  the 
copious  index)  by  something  over  sixty  pages. 
This  expansion  enables  him  to  include  some 
important  Acts  which  were  not  passed  or  were 
not  in  operation  when  the  previous  edition 
appeared,  such  as  the  Summary  Jurisdiction 
(Married  Women)  Acts,  1895,  the  Friendly 
Societies  Act,  1896,  the  Truck  Act,  1896,  and 
the  much  discussed  and  much  to  be  discussed 
Locomotives  on  Highways  Act,  1896.  On 
looking  carefully  through  the  table  of  contents 
we  find  that  the  six  chapters  into  which  the 
book  is  divided  have  the  same  general  structure 
as  before,  the  new  matter  being  fitted  in,  as  it 
were,  in  convenient  places.  This  is  as  it  should 
be,  for  the  practical  usefulness  of  a  law-book  is 
a  good  deal  impaired  by  gratuitous  changes  in 
its  arrangement.  Apart  from  new  Acts,  the 
chronological  "  Table  of  Statutes  "  (pp.  xxix- 
xxxix),  the  "Illustrative  Forms  of  Summons" 
(Appendix,  pp.  861,  862),  and  the  Local 
Government  Board  Regulations  under  the 
Locomotives  on  Highways  Act,  1896  (Appendix, 
pp.  863-868),  are  additions  of  considerable 
value.     We  cordially  wish  success  to  the  work. 


AMERICAN   FICTION. 

The  Country  of  the  Pointed  Firs.  By  Sarah 
Ome  Jewett.  (Fisher  Unwin.)— This  is  a  very 
favourable  specimen  of  a  class  of  work  in  which 
American  ladies  excel.  It  is  a  collection  of 
studies,  more  or  less  consecutive,  of  life  in  an 
out-of-the-way  fishing  village— the  experience  of 
a  long  summer  holiday.  An  English  reader  must 
fail  tocatchtheexactflavourofthe  place  described, 
somewhere  on  the  coast  of  Maine  ;  but  a  well- 
drawn  picture  of  human  beings  is  attractive  in 
any  circumstances,  and  in  Miss  Jewett's  pleasant 
pages  one  finds  a  bit  of  life  consistent,  original, 
and  vivid  in  presentment.  It  requires  some 
effort  to  realize  the  amount  of  artistic  skill 
which  goes  to  the  composition  of  such  a  piece 
of  work — one  that  in  its  method,  though  not  in 
its  detail,  recalls  Mrs.  Gaskell.  The  little  book 
is  marked  by  good  taste  throughout ;  it  is  at  times 
gently  pathetic,  at  others  delicately  humorous, 
and  it  is  always  free  from  exaggeration.     For 


the  English  market  it  would  have  been  better 
to  alter  some  of  the  spelling.  Besides  the  usual 
words— "neighbor,"  "traveler,"  "gayety"— 
there  are  some  which  are  still  more  objection- 
able to  English  eyes,  such  as  "woolen,"  &c. 
Less  objectionable— for  one  likes  the  phrase- 
but  hardly  correct,  is  the  spelling  "readied 
up." 

College  Girls.  By  Abbe  Carter  Goodloe.  Illus- 
trated by  Charles  Dana  Gibson.  (Downey  &  Co.) 
—These  studies  of  life  in  an  American  ladies' 
college  are  full  of  vigour  and  fun,  and  the  author 
is  evidently  determined  to  be  thoroughly  modern. 
Some  of  the  slang  is  new  to  ordinary  English 
readers— "got  the  cinch  on  the  rest  of  us," 
"there  was  an  awful  muss."  It  seems  quite 
fitting  that  the  author's  name  should  raise  a 
doubt  whether  one  should  speak  of  him  or  her. 
He  or  she  will,  perhaps,  like  to  know  that  the 
Langham  Hotel  is  in  the  western  postal  district 
of  London,  not  the  west  central,  and  that  "  Dr. 
Bernardo  "  should  be  Dr.  Barnardo.  That  girls 
in  American  colleges  work  hard  and  learn  a 
great  deal  English  readers  know  very  well,  and 
they  will  be  delighted  to  hear  further  that  the 
girls  have  plenty  of  amusement  and  are  keen 
about  athletic  sports.  The  author  gives  an 
engaging  picture  of  the  whole  thing,  and  the 
illustrator  adds  to  the  reader's  pleasure  by  his 
cleverly  drawn  sketches,  though  his  girls  would 
be  more  attractive  if  their  heads  were  smaller 
and  their  legs  longer. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   LITERATURE. 

The  Bibliography  of  Tennyson.  (Privately 
printed.)— To  collectors  of  first  editions  this 
little  volume  should  be  most  useful,  containing 
as  it  does  in  a  small  space  a  very  great  deal  of 
minute  information  about  the  publications  of  the 
late  Poet  Laureate.  Prefixed  is  a  short  memorial 
notice  of  Mr.  Richard  Heme  Shepherd,  the 
author  presumably  of  this  bibliography,  and  a 
well-known  authority  on  the  early  editions  of 
modem  authors.  So  far  as  we  can  judge,  every 
production  of  Tennyson's  is  mentioned  in  its 
chronological  order  ;  but  later  editions  are  not 
specified  unless  they  vary  in  their  contents  from 
the  earlier  ones.  In  the  case  of  exceedingly  rare 
books  the  author  has  added  interesting  notes,  of  ten 
even  tracing  the  career  of  individual  copies  and 
pointing  out  their  peculiarities.  The  book  ends 
with  a  carefully  worked-out  "  Scheme  for  a  final 
and  definitive  edition  of  the  complete  poetical 
and  dramatic  works  of  Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson, 
including  all  his  suppressed  or  unacknowledged 
poems,  and  the  readings  of  the  various  editions 
(with  indexes  and  appendices),  to  be  completed 
in  fifteen  volumes."  When  shall  we  see  this 
edition  ?J 

The  Theory  of  National  and  International 
Bibliography.  By  Frank  Campbell.  (Library 
Bureau.)— Mr.  Frank  Campbell's  name  has  long 
been  known  as  that  of  an  intrepid  traveller  into 
the  arid  wastes  of  bibliography,  and  the  present 
volume  shows  ample  evidence  of  his  zeal  in  the 
cause.  In  it  he  has  collected  a  series  of  mono- 
graphs contributed  from  time  to  time  to  library 
journals  or  meetings  of  learned  societies,  and 
their  object  for  the  most  part  is  to  urge  the 
necessity  for  comprehensive  bibliographies  of 
modern  literature,  compiled  on  a  careful  and  accu- 
rate system.  On  one  point  the  author  appears 
confused,  or  rather  perpetually  confuses  two 
things,  a  bibliography  and  a  catalogue,  whereas 
thereisamostimportantdifferencebetweenthem; 
however,  as  far  as  a  catalogue  is  concerned  all 
readers  of  the  book  will  agree  with  him  in  wish- 
ing for  accurate  lists  of  all  modern  literature, 
though  on  the  system  upon  which  these  should 
be  compiled  there  must  of  necessity  be  various 
opinions.  To  the  general  reader,  perhaps,  the 
importance  of  catalogues  and  indices  to  the  mass 
Of  Blue-books  may  appear  overstated  ;  but  to 
such  as  have  to  grope  through  these  tiresome 
volumes,  and  waste  valuable  tiino  in  endeavour- 
ing   to    disentangle    their    contents,    the    need 


is  evident.  There  is  no  romance  in  Mr. 
Campbell's  volume,  it  deals  with  commonplace 
literature  in  the  most  matter-of-fact  way  ;  but 
for  all  that  it  is  full  of  interest  of  a  technical 
kind.  There  is  a  want  of  connexion  in  many 
parts  ;  we  skip  from  tables  of  statistics  to  imagi- 
nary conversations  between  inquisitive  readers 
and  smiling  librarians ;  but  this  was  almost 
inevitable  from  the  character  of  the  book.  AVe 
cannot  honestly  say  that  it  is  light  reading  ;  but 
it  is  a  perfect  mine  of  information  on  modern 
bibliography. 

Mr.  Slater  has  issued  the  tenth  volume  of 
Book-Prices  Current  (Stock),  a  compendium  so 
useful  that  it  seems  nowadays  indispensable. 
The  addition  of  a  subject  index  adds  signally 
to  the  value  of  the  volume  as  a  work  of  re- 
ference, and  Mr.  Slater  may  be  congratulated 
upon  his  work.  The  average  price  obtained  in 
the  sales  recorded  was  considerably  higher  than 
in  the  previous  season.  This  Mr.  Slater  ascribes 
in  a  measure  to  the  large  sums  paid  for  two  copies 
of  the  editio  princeps  of  '  The  Canterbury  Tales.' 
The  sum  given  (351 )  for  a  copy  of  Shelton's  '  Don 
Quixote,'  1612-20,  which  lacked  the  printed  title 
of  Part  I.,  was  absurdly  high,  for  the  book  is  not 
so  scarce  in  this  state  as  some  people  would  have 
us  believe.  Florio's  'Montaigne'  (1603)  sold 
for  231.  10s.  Mr.  Slater,  by  the  way,  is  a  little 
rash  in,  without  qualification,  calling  the  Shak- 
speare  autograph  in  the  Museum  copy  of  this 
book  genuine. 

Index  Biblio  -  Iconographique.  Par  Pierre 
Dauze.  —  Janvier  a  '  Octobrc,  189J..  (Paris, 
Re'pertoire  des  Ventes  Publiques  Cataloguees.) 
—This  excellent  work  by  M.  Pierre  Dauze 
is  intended  to  do  for  France  what  'Book- 
Prices  Current'  does  for  England,  and  it  cer- 
tainly deserves  success.  Not  content  with 
registering  every  book  sold  at  a  sum  higher 
than  twenty  francs,  the  compiler  has  made 
similar  lists  of  pictures,  prints,  and  autographs. 
The  descriptions  of  books  are  full  and  of  con- 
siderable bibliographical  value,  and,  instead  of 
being  arranged  under  sales,  are  combined  into 
one  alphabet,  making  the  book  very  handy  for 
reference.  Abroad  much  greater  pains  is  taken 
with  the  preparation  of  auction  catalogues  than  in 
England,  and  to  this,  perhaps,  in  a  large  mea- 
sure much  of  the  excellence  of  M.  Dauze's  work 
is  due  ;  but  beyond  this  the  book  shows  many 
signs  of  care  and  trouble,  and  is  far  in  advance 
of  any  other  work  of  a  similar  kind.  In  his 
preface  the  compiler  states  that  if  the  book 
proves  a  success  its  scope  will  be  enlarged,  and 
in  it  will  be  cited  every  example  of  certain 
classes  of  book,  however  low  the  price.  All 
examples  of  books  printed  in  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, for  instance,  will  be  quoted,  and  to  those 
who  care  for  such  books  and  know  how  arbi- 
trarily prices  —  especially  auction  prices—are 
settled,  such  an  enlargement  of  the  original 
design  of  the  work  will  be  very  welcome. 

Manuel  de  Bibliographic  Historique,  Par 
Ch.  V.  Langlois.—  Instruments  B&Uographiques. 
(Hachette  &  Co.)— In  this  extremely  sensible 
little  volume  theauthorhas  pointedout  howessen- 
tial  to  students,  especially  historical  students, 
is  a  knowledge  of  the  bibliographies  relating  to 
their  special  subject.  Without  a  little  help  of 
this  sort  specialists  may  work  at  a  subject  in 
ignorance  of  materials  of  the  highest  importance, 
while  others  may  use  reference  books  long  super- 
seded to  write  on  questions  about  which  others 
have  already  written,  and  written  better.  The 
chief  object  of  the  book  has  been  to  point  out 
the  most  important  bibliographies  on  any  subject, 
under  the  main  headings,  "  Bibliographies  des 
Bibliographies,"  "Repertoires  de  Bibliographic 
Universelle,"  "Repertoires  de  Bibliographic 
Nationale,"  "Bibliographic  des  Sources  Ori- 
ginates, '  "Repertoires  de  Bibliographic  Retro- 
spective,"  "  Repertoires  de  Bibliographic  Perio- 
dique."  Under  each  head  the  author  has 
gathered  a  great  deal  of  concise  information, 
and   his  chapters  on  "National  Bibliography  " 


3 1 2 


T  1 1  !•:    a  t  1 1  i :  n  A •:  u  m 


N«  8619,  Mi.  b  6,  '97 


.sjniuilly     \aln  iblc,     riving      under     I 

country  a  li^t  of  the  beat  I ka  to  oonaull  on 

the  subject  ol  its  Literature.     In  bit  preface  the 

author  pl'im  -ml  \oluiuc  on   '  Mat  dials 

for  History,'  and  if  it  ii  carried  out  aa  well  aa 
the  present  book  it  will  be  a  naoat  valuable  addi- 
tion to  our  historical  referenoe  books.  In  oon- 
cluaiou,  we  irould  point  out  that,  unpretending 

as  this   little    book    is    in    :ij>|>e  nance,    it   is  well 

irorth  the  attention  of  every  student. 

l)ii  Bikhertitbhdberti  aim  Bnde  dei  19  Jdhr- 
hunderts.  VonOtto  Bidhlbreoht.  (Berlin,  Putt- 
kammerdfc  Mohlbreoht) — Fired  by  the  example 
of  M.  Brunet  and  Mr.  Roberts,  two  recent 
writers  on  rare  books  and  their  prices,  Herr 
Muhlbrecht  has  adventured  in  the  same  field 
for  the  benefit  of  German  readers.  The  usual 
fault  of  books  of  this  class  written  for  popular 
circulation  is  a  general  disregard  for  accuracy 
in  detail  ;  but  in  the  present  instance  a  consider- 
able amount  of  care  seems  to  have  been  taken 
to  make  the  information  precise.  The  book 
treats  lightly  of  the  history  of  great  printers 
and  presses,  of  special  classes  of  rare  books, 
and  of  book  collecting  and  collectors  in  various 
countries.  About  a  third  of  the  volume  is  taken 
up  by  a  bibliography  of  books  about  books, 
arranged  under  various  classes.  This  is  a  deci- 
dedly handy  list  and  well  put  together,  biblio- 
graphies of  places  and  presses  being  arranged 
alphabetically  under  the  towns  or  printers  ;  but 
on  special  subjects  it  does  not  appear  to  be  quite 
up  to  date.  Two  lists — the  first  of  printers  who 
worked  before  1500,  and  the  second  of  towns 
in  the  order  in  which  they  received  the  art — 
finish  the  volume.  These  lists  are  taken  from 
Falkenstein'8  '  Geschichte  der  Buchdrucker- 
kunst,'  a  book  issued  forty  years  ago,  and 
therefore  are  not  quite  accurate,  though  still 
useful.  To  such  as  are  fond  of  the  light  side 
of  bibliography  this  book  will  be  most  accept- 
able, and,  as  it  has  a  fairly  full  index,  may  some- 
times be  useful. 

We  have  received  the  catalogues  of  Mr.  Dobell 
(good),  Mr.  Edwards,  Mr.  Menken,  Messrs. 
Myers  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Parsons  &  Sons  (portraits 
and  books,  good),  and  Mr.  Spencer  (good).  We 
have  also  catalogues  from  Mr.  Cameron  (Scotch 
books,  interesting)  and  Messrs.  Douglas  & 
Foulis  of  Edinburgh,  Mr.  Carver  of  Hereford 
(scientific),  Mr.  Miles  of  Leeds  (interesting), 
Mr.  Howell  (good)  and  Messrs.  Young  &  Sons 
of  Liverpool,  Mr.  Withers  of  Manchester, 
Messrs.  Thornton  &  Son  of  Oxford  (theology), 
and  Messrs.  Hiscoke  &  Son  of  Richmond, 
Surrey.  Messrs.  Baer  &  Co.  have  also  sent  us 
from  Frankfurt  a  catalogue  of  German  and 
English  books. 


OUR   LIBRARY   TABLE. 

The  first  volume  of  the  "  Isthmian  Library  " 
(Innes  &  Co.)  is  concerned  with  Bugby  Football, 
and  Mr.  B.  Fletcher  Robinson  and  a  band  of 
experts  have  supplied  in  detail  their  views  upon 
the  tactics  of  play  behind  and  in  the  scrummage, 
with  valuable  diagrams  on  such  novel  opera- 
tions as  "screwing  the  scrummage"  and  the 
methods  of  half-backs  and  others  in  attack  and 
defence.  It  is  probable  that  as  much  as  ever 
can  be  learnt  from  books  by  the  football  player 
is  here  imparted.  The  historical  portion  of  the 
work  is  on  a  briefer  scale  than  in  that  of  Mr. 
Marshall  which  has  been  reviewed  in  these 
columns.  Perhaps  the  chapter  on  the  past  might 
have  been  omitted  with  advantage.  It  certainly 
gives  a  most  unfavourable,  and  we  think  unjust 
impression  of  Rugby  play  before  the  days  of  the 
Union.  Whatever  may  have  been  the  horrors 
of  hacking  (and  in  our  experience  charging 
and  tackling  were  responsible  for  many  more 
accidents  than  hacking  ever  occasioned),  the 
game  was  much  faster  in  the  fifties  than  it 
became  for  a  time  when  pushing  first  succeeded 
foot-work  ;  and  some  of  the  finest  features  of 
the  old  game — long  left  and  right  drop-kicking, 
and  dodging  runs— have  become  almost  extinct 


under  the  modem  system  of  patting  from  hand 
to  hand.    We  are  glad  to  ol...  rvc  that  one  of  the 

writers   rentti  the    abolition  of 

the  odious  system  of  "  heeling  out,"  which,  of 
course,  is  as  contrary  to  the  Spirit  of  the  older 
game  as  to  the  letter  of  the  "offside"  rule. 
W  e  should  like  to  see  the  forwards  use 
their  feet  a  little  more.  Dropped  goals  from 
that  quarter  would  revive  an  interesting  feature. 
There  would  be  no  fear  of  the  game  becoming 
appreciably  slower.  The  directory  of  clubs, 
and  other  information  on  the  statistics  of  this 
now    cosmopolitan     game,    seem    complete    and 

valuable. 

The   new  issue  of  KeUy'i  Handbook  to  the 

Titled,  Landed,  end  Official  Classes  reaches  us 
from  Messrs.  Kelly  tfc  Co.,  and  can  only  be 
received  by  us  with  words  of  general  praise, 
which  we  have  frequently  extended  to  previous 
issues  of  the  work  under  both  its  present  and 
its  former  title.  We  have  been  unable  to  discover 
any  errors  in  it  in  the  course  of  our  examination, 
and  we  have  often  said  that  it  is  one  of  the 
most  useful  of  all  books  of  reference. 

Whitaker's  Titled  Persons,  1807,  is  a  miracle  of 
concentration,  supplying  most  of  the  information 
of  a  large  peerage,  with  similar  facts  with  regard 
to  baronets  and  knights,  in  very  small  compass. 
We  have  found  it  accurate  so  far  as  we  have 
been  able  to  check  its  information.  The  book 
in  size  and  shape  and  type  resembles  the 
famous  'Almanack,' and  should  share  its  popu- 
larity.— That  useful  volume  The  Clergy  Direc- 
tory has  been  sent  to  us  by  Mr.  Phillips. 
It  has  evidently  been  carefully  revised  ;  for 
instance,  Archdeacon  Perry's  death  is  noted. 
The  editor  complains  of  the  difficulty  of  ascer- 
taining the  whereabouts  of  retired  clergymen. 
Sometimes  he  has  also  omitted  their  names. 
At  p.  33  Canon  Eyton  is  by  a  misprint  made 
into"R.  Eyre." 

A  second  edition  of  Mr.  F.  Harrison's 
Studies  in  Early  Victorian  Literature  has 
reached  us  from  Mr.  Arnold. — Mr.  Gosse's 
pleasant  volume  Seventeenth  Century  Studies 
has  been  reprinted  by  Mr.  Heinemann.  As 
this  collection  of  sympathetic  essays  has  reached 
a  third  edition  the  enumeration  of  a  few  slips  may 
be  worth  while.  Mr.  Gosse  has  most  sensibly 
decided  not  to  modify  the  opinions  expressed 
in  these  sprightly  pages,  even  when  his  maturer 
judgment  disagrees  with  them  ;  but  an  unfortu- 
nate epithet  like  "  Livy's  unvarnished  tale" 
might  be  omitted,  and  an  error  such  as  that 
involved  in  saying  that  "all  else  that  its  volumi- 
nous author  [Strada]  wrote  and  said  was 
promptly  forgotten "  should  be  corrected. 
Strada's  '  Prolusiones  '  furnished  the  theme  for 
a  well-known  paper  in  the  '  Spectator.'  Two  or 
three  misprints  have  escaped  Mr.  Gosse,  although, 
generally  speaking,  the  typography  is  correct: 
Mayerdomo,  p.  Gl  ;  Barnabas,  p.  70.  The 
word  "  effort  "  was  included  in  Cotgrave's  '  Dic- 
tionary '  before  1060. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  have  added  to  their 
"Illustrated  Standard  Novels  "  a  volume  con- 
taining The  Misfortunes  of  Elphin  and  Bhodo- 
daphne.  How  '  Rhododaphne '  is  to  be  con- 
sidered a  novel  the  publishers  have  not  ex- 
plained. Mr.  Saintsbury  in  his  introduction 
to  this  instalment  of  Peacock's  writings  boldly 
calls  it  "a  verse  novel"!  The  illustrations 
by  Mr.  Townsend  are  not  so  good  as  usual 

Messrs.  Bliss,  Sands  &  Co.  have  reprinted 
in  one  volume  The  History  of  Tom  Jones,  from 
the  first  edition  of  1749.  It  is  a  wonderfully 
cheap  as  well  as  a  commendable  volume. 

Mr.  HUMPHREYS  has  sent  us  Marcus  A urelius 
Antoninus,  a  large-paper  reprint  of  Long's 
well-known  translation.  The  philosopher  has 
probably  never  appeared  before  in  such  luxury 
of  type  and  paper  as  is  here  accorded  to  him. 

Wk  have  on  our  table  A  Brief  History  of  the 
English  Language,  by  O.  F.  Emerson  (Mac- 
millan),— Practical  Work  in  Physics,  by  W.  G. 
Woollcombe :    Part    III.,    Light     and     Sound 


•  I  ford,  Clarendon  Pre-,,     v       /     •" 
Mtd\  me,    by    C.     \\  i  •  an    Paul),—  / 

Warwick    8na  I  edited    by 

eLJ.Wyatt(Blackie),-    Pro 
Oorpt  of  Royal  Engineers:  Vol.   I.,  Papei   ill. 
Tin  Defend  of  Met    >>■   .1  Front*,  trans- 

bj  Cant   W.  W.  Baker,  R.E.  (Chatham, 

M  e  kay).  -.1 /n.  /  .  J    trnal     of    Arehaoloou 

Vol.     XI.,     No.     III.     (Triibner),— K„ 
Vol.    XIX.    (Office  of    'Knowledge'),-  / 
Dutcher'i     Godly,     by     11.     Garland     (Neville 
nan), — Tales  of  Rack-Country  Life,  by  D. 
Bobbe     (Stock), — Charaka      Puja,     awl     <.■ 
Stories,     by    Chola    (Roxburghe     Press),—  I 
Duke's     Ward,    by    D.    M.    .Jones  (Oliph , 
Anderson    A'    Ferrier),  —  Herod     the     Gi- 
ll   toric  Drama  in  Three  Parts,  by  Henry  Solly 
(Kegan  Paul), — Lays  and  Legends  of  the  W- 
of  Kent,  by  L.   Winser  (Mathews),—  A    Child- 
World,  by  J.  W.  Riley  (Longmans),— The  Y 
of  Shame,   by   W.    Watson  (Lane), — Songs  and 
Odes,  by  R.   W.   Dixon   (Mathews), — Selections 
from     the     Early    Scottish     Poets,    edited     by 
W.    H.    Browne    (Baltimore,    Johns    Hopkins 
Press), — The    Vale    of    Arden,    by    A.    Hayes 
(Manchester,    Cornish     Brothers),  —  Odds    and 
Ends,    by   an    Odd    Fellow   (Digby   &    Long), 

—  The  Mickle  Drede,  and  other  Verses, 
written  by  G.  Bottomley  (Kendal,  Wilson), — 
Four  Children  in  Prose  and  Verse,  by  W.  T. 
Webb  (Macmillan),— The  Dead  Pulpit,  by  the 
Rev.    H.    R.    Haweis    (Bliss,    Sands    &    Co.), 

—  The  Divine  Library:  Suggestions  hov:  to 
Bead  the  Bible,  by  J.  P.  Smyth  (Bagster), 
— The  Clue  to  the  Ages:  Part  I.,  Creation 
by  Principle,  by  E.  J.  Page  (Baptist  Tract 
and  Book  Society), — Christ  no  Product  of  Evo- 
lution, by  the  Rev.  G.  Henslow  (Stoneman), 
— Preachers  of  the  Age:  The  Heritage  of  the 
Spirit,  and  other  Sermons,  by  the  Bishop  of  Peter- 
borough (Low), — The  New  Life  in  Christ  Jesus, 
edited  by  Julian  Field  (Innes), — Judaismus 
Triumphatus,  by  Dr.  H.  Lisco  (Williams  &  Nor- 
gate), — La  Hongrie  Littiraire  et  Scientifique,  by 
J.  Kont  (Paris,  Leroux), — Maxtre  DUon,  by 
C.  Velloni  (Paris,  Levy),  —  VEmploi  tie  la 
Vie,  by  Sir  John  Lubbock  (Paris,  Alcan), — 
M.  Greifs  GesammcHe  Werke,  3  vols.  (Leip- 
zig. Amelang), — Memoires  du  Baron  d'Haussez, 
edited  by  the  Duchesse  d'Almazan,  Vol.  II. 
(Paris,  Le"vy), — and  Causeries  dn  Mercredi,  by 
P.  Gille  (Paris,  Levy).  Among  New  Editions 
we  have  History  of  Philosophy,  by  A.  Weber 
(Longmans), — Borne  of  To-day  and  Yesterday, 
by  J.  Dennie  (Putnam), — A  Thousand  and  < 
Gems  of  Englisli  Poetry,  selected  by  C.  Mackay, 
LL.D.  (Routledge), — and  jT7i«;  Literary  Shopr 
and  other  Tales,  by  J.  L.  Ford  (Lane). 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Angus's  (J.)  Six  Lectures  on  Regeneration,  Svo.  6,  cl. 

Hall's  (Rt.  Rev.  A.  C.  A.)  Christ's  Temptation  and  Our»- 

( Baldwin  Lectures,  1896),  cr.  Svo.  3:6  cl. 
Ponte's   (Ven.  L.  de)    Meditations  on  the  Passion  of  our 

Lord,  translated  by  J.  Hegham,  cr.  Svo.  4/  cl. 
Pulpit  Commentary  Reissue:  Exodus,  Vol.  2,  Svo.  6   cl. 
Story's    (R.   H.)  The  Apostolic   Ministry   in   the    Scottish 
Church  (Baird  Lecture,  1897),  cr.  8vo.  7 .6  cl. 
Philosophy . 
Balfour's  (F.  H.)  Unthinkables  Discussed,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

History  and  Biography. 
Burton '8  (J.  H.)  History  of  Scotlaud,  cheaper  edition,  Vol.  I, 

cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Cooke's  (J.  H  )  The  Early  Churches  of  Great  Britain,  l>  8  cl. 
Finlayson's  (J.)  An  Account  of  the  Life  and  Works  of  Dr. 

Robert  Wat  t .  Svo. .'!  6  cl. 
Macdonagh's  (M.)  The  Book  of  Parliament,  cr.  Svo.  6  cl. 
Macdonald's  (J.  C.)  Chronologies  and  Calendars,  7/6  cl. 
Seth's  (M   J.)  History  of  the  Armenians  in  India.  7/6  net. 
Stapeltons  of  Yorkshire,  the  History  of  an  English  Family, 
by  H.  E.  Chetwynd-Stapylton,  Svo.  14/  cl. 
Geooraphy  and  Travel. 
Curzon's  (Right  Hon   G.  N.)  The  Pamirs  and  the  Source  of 

the  Oxus,  royal  8vo.  6,  net . 
Dawson's  (A.  J  )  In  the  Bight  of  Benin,  cr.  Svo.  3/6  cl. 
Lucas's  (C.  P.)  Historical  Geography  of  the  British  Colonies, 

Vol.  4.  er.  BVO,  9  8  Ol. 
Macnab's  (V.)  On  Veldt  and  Farm  in  Bechuanaland,  Ac,  3/6 

Science. 
Richardson's  ;Slr  B.  W.)  Vita  Medica,  Chapters  of  Medical' 
Life  and  Work,  8vo.  16/  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Allen's  (Grant)  At  Market  Value,  12mo.  2,'  bds. 
Baring-Gould's  (S.)  Guavas  the  Tinner,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN.EUM 


313 


Carrel's  (F.)  The  Adventures  of  John  Johns,  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
Cholmondeley's  (Mary)  A  Devotee,  an  Episode  in  the  Life  of 

a  Butterfly,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl 
Keightley's  (S.  R.)  The  Crimson  Sign,  cheaper  edition,  3/6 
Kenealy's  (A.)  Belinda's  Beaux,  and  other  Stories,  6/  cl. 
King's  (Capt.  C.)  Under  Fire,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Lang's  (Rev.  C.  G.)  The  Young  Clanroy,  a  Romance  of  the 

'45,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Marryat's  (F.)  A  Passing  Madness,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Molyneaux's  (T.)  A  Lady's  Confession,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Peard's  (F.  M.)  The  Career  of  Claudia,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Roofer's  (Roof)  The  Earth  for  a  Dollar,  or  the  Romance  of 

the  King  of  Wall  Street,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Saintsbury's  (G.)  The  Flourishing  of  Romance  and  the  Rise 

of  Allegory,  cr.  8vo.  5/  net. 
Sporting  Society,  Stories  from  the  Pens  of  Sporting  Cele- 
brities, edited  by  Fox  Russell,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  12/  net. 
Twain's  (Mark)  Prince    and  the  Pauper,  cheaper  edition, 
cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

FOREIGN. 
Theology, 
Coblenz  (F.) :  Tiber  das  betende  Ich  in  den  Psalmen,  3m. 
Hamburger    (J.) :     Real  -  Encyclopiidie    des    Judentums, 

Parts  2  and  3,  5m. 
Schaefer  (R.) :  Philipp  Melanchthon's  Leben,  3m.  60. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 
Maistre  (X.  de) :  Les  Prisonniers  du  Caucase,  Illustrations 

de  J.  Le  Blant.  40fr. 
Rosenberg  (A.)  :  Terborch  u  Jan  Steen,  3m. 
Steindorff  (G.) :    Grabfunde  des   mittleren   Reichs   in  den 
konigl.  Museen  zu  Berlin  :     I.   Das  Grab  des  Mentu- 
hotep,  80m. 

History  and  Biography. 
Bire  (E.) :    Journal   d'un   Bourgeois  de   Paris    pendant   la 

Terreur  :  Vol.  4.  La  Chute  des  Dantonistes,  3fr.  50. 
Broglie  (Due  de) :  Malherbe,  2fr. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Deschamps  (G.) :  Sur  les  Routes  d'Asie,  3fr.  50. 

Philology. 
Lange  (R.) :  Einfiihrung  in  die  japanische  Schrift,  8m. 
Sanders    (D.):    Encyklopadisches    englisch  -  deutsthes    u. 
deutsch  -  englisches     Worterbuch  :     Vol.    2,    Deutsch- 
Englisch,  Part  1,  lm.  50. 

Science. 
Bucherer    (A.    H.) :     Grundziige    e.     thermodynamischen 
Theorie  elektrochemischer  Krafte,  4m. 
General  Literature. 
Bourget  (P.) :  Recommencements,  3fr.  50. 
Sales  (P.) :  L'Enfant  du  Peche,  3fr.  50. 


CROMWELL'S  SPEECHES. 
That  the  homage  due  to  Carlyle  should  be 
combined  with  justice  to  Cromwell  in  the 
admirable  "  Centenary  Edition "  of  Carlyle's 
works,  now  issuing  from  the  press,  is  the 
motive  that  urges  me  to  call  attention  to  the 
careful  revision  of  Cromwell's  speeches,  as 
published  by  Carlyle,  that  is  urgently  needed. 

The  text  of  these  speeches,  so  far  as  research 
has  carried  me,  proves  to  be  most  inaccurate 
and  untrustworthy.*  Take,  for  example,  Crom- 
well's last  speech  when  he  dissolved  his  last 
Parliament— an  extraordinary  speech  from  an 
extraordinary  man  delivered  on  an  extraordi- 
nary occasion. 

A  copy  of  a  verbatim  report  of  this  speech, 
"taken  at"  Cromwell's  "elbow,"  lies  among 
the  "Pell  Papers,"  having  been  sent  by  Mr. 
S.  Hartlib,  a  clerk  in  the  Council  of  State 
office,  to  Mr.  Pell,  Cromwell's  representative 
in  Switzerland  (Brit.  Mus.,  Lansd.  MS.  754, 
fo.  343). 

The  version  of  this  speech  given  by  Carlyle 
is  taken  from  Burton's  'Diary.'  The  vital 
difference  between  the  MS.  speech  and  the 
"  Burton  "  speech  a  quotation  of  some  twelve 
words  will  amply  prove.  Cromwell,  it  may  be 
remembered,  was  forced  to  break  up  Parlia- 
ment because  Parliament  had  been  put  to 
confusion  by  Sir  A.  Haselrig  and  the  Repub- 
lican party  in  the  Commons  ;  and  their  object 
was,  as  Cromwell  said,  according  to  the  text 
given  by  Carlyle,  "that  some  people  might  be 
the  men  that  might  rule  all  ";  but,  according  to 
the  MS.,  Cromwell  asserted  that  the  aim  of  the 
malcontents  was  "that  some  Tribune  of  the 
pr-.ple  might  be  the  man  to  rule  all." 

The  contrast  is  amply  evident  between  "  the 
real  utterance  of  the  man  Oliver "  —  of  the 
mighty  victor  whose  power  was  paralyzed  by  a 
mere  prater  in  the  House  of  Commons— and  the 
purposeless  sentence  which  Carlyle  incorrectly 
transcribes  from  Burton,  where  the  passage 
stands  thus:  "that  some  of  the  people  might 
be  the  men  to  rule  all." 


*  Snob  prod  r>f  this  statement  as  can  be  set  forth  in  a 
printed  form  Is  contained  In  an  article,  ■  Carlyle  as  Editor 
of  Cromwell's  Speeches,'  Rational  Review,  January   1887 


Besides  being  thus  flabby  in  quality,  in 
quantity  also  is  Burton's  version  no  less  de- 
ficient. It  is  a  mere  summary  of  Cromwell's 
speech,  equivalent  in  length,  not  style,  to  a 
Times  digest  of  a  Budget  speech  by  a  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer.  Nor  does  the  copy  pub- 
lished by  Carlyle  from  the  pages  of  the  "thing 
Burton "  fail  to  share  in  the  peculiarity 
common,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  to  all  the 
transcripts  of  Cromwell's  speeches  supplied 
to  Carlyle,  namely  inaccuracy.  It  contains 
nineteen  deviations  from  the  original  text,  in 
three  cases  making  serious  havoc  among  the 
sentences;  even  the  closing  adjuration,  "And 
let  God  judge  between  me  and  you,"  is  perverted 
into  "And  let  God  be  judge  between  you  and 
me." 

If  Cromwell's  speeches  were  published  from 
the  best  sources,  following,  as  a  rule,  the 
division  of  sentences  and  the  punctuation  of  the 
original  text,  their  readers,  judging  by  my  ex- 
perience, would  find  themselves  strangely  drawn 
within  the  cloudy  influence,  the  glamour,  which 
that  terrible  man  cast  on  those  around  him  ; 
and  they  would  perceive  that  his  words  were,  in 
their  way,  as  efficacious  towards  their  design 
as  the  blows  of  his  sword  or  the  movements  of 
his  soldiers. 

The  distinguished  editor  of  the  "  Centenary 
Edition  "  of  Carlyle's  works  will,  I  trust,  acquit 
me  of  presumption  if  I  venture  to  suggest  that 
some  responsibility  attaches  to  the  reissue  of 
Cromwell's  speeches  in  a  form  useless  alike  to  the 
student  of  history  and  to  the  student  of  human 
nature  ;  and,  though  the  mystification  be  of  less 
importance,  it  seems  to  me  hardly  desirable  that 
a  crowd  of  new  readers  should  remain  deluded 
by  Carlyle's  most  unfounded  assertion  that  those 
eminent  collections  of  State  Papers,  "  the  Rush- 
worths,  Whitelockes,  Nalsons,  Thurloes,  are  not 
so  much  as  indexed," and  that  Burton's  'Diary' 
is  a  "  book  filled  with  mere  dim  inanity." 

This  justification  may  be  pleaded  in  behalf  of 
what  may  be  deemed  an  unwarranted  attempt 
to  lay  a  burden  on  other  men's  shoulders  :  if 
I  venture  to  call  attention  to  the  need  of  a 
trustworthy  edition  of  Cromwell's  speeches,  it 
is  because  that  is  an  undertaking  which,  greatly 
to  my  regret,  age  and  occupation  compelled  me 
to  relinouish.       Reginald  F.  D.  Palgrave. 


MR.   H.   G.   HEWLETT. 


Mr.  H.  Gay  Hewlett,  whose  death  on  the 
25th  ult.  was  recently  announced,  will  be 
regretted  by  a  wide  circle  of  archaeological 
students  at  the  Record  Office  and  British 
Museum.  His  acquaintance  with  "black-letter" 
law  and  history  (which  was,  in  no  small  degree, 
a  matter  of  inheritance  in  his  family)  caused 
him  to  be  appointed  in  1865  Keeper  of  the 
Land  Revenue  Records  and  "Record  Agent" 
for  the  Crown.  He  resigned  this  office  in  1895 
on  account  of  failing  health,  but  the  step  was 
taken  too  late,  and  he  was  never  able  to  enjoy 
the  leisure  which  he  had  earned.  Mr.  Hewlett 
devoted  to  literature  such  hours  as  he  could 
spare  from  business.  His  first  published  work, 
'  Shakespeare's  Curse,  and  other  Poems  '  (1861), 
drew  a  sharp  but  not  unkindly  review  from 
Henry  Chorley.  The  young  poet  met  his  judge 
with  a  request  for  an  interview  ;  and  from  the 
meeting  that  ensued  must  be  dated  a  lifelong 
friendship  and  the  entrusting  him  by  Chorley 
with  the  office  of  literary  executor.  The  fruits 
of  this  work  appeared  on  Chorley's  death  in  the 
'  Memoirs  of  Henry  Fothergill  Chorley  '  in  two 
volumes.  Two  later  volumes,  'A  Sheaf  of 
Verse '(1877)  and  'A  Wayfarer's  Wallet '(1888); 
an  edition  of  Roger  of  Wendover  for  the 
"Rolls  Series,"  and  'Post-Norman  Britain,' 
a  littlo  book  written  for  an  historical  series 
published  by  the  S.P.C.K.,  with  scattered 
eseays  and  reviews  in  the  Nineteenth  Century 
and  other  periodicals,  complete  a  list  which 
would  have  been  longer  if  duty  had  allowed 
what  lovo  of  letters  prompted.     Hewlett  was  a 


man  who  covered  with  a  mask  of  self-possession 
and  reserve  the  warmth  of  his  enthusiasms  so 
effectually  that  only  the  few  among  his  acquaint- 
ance could  succeed  in  becoming  his  friends.  But 
those  who  did  succeed  loved  him  the  more  for 
an  outward  dignity  which  they  found  to  be 
rooted  in  honour,  and  for  an  urbanity  of  manner 
which  proceeded  from  native  kindliness  and 
reverence  for  everything  clean  and  good.  There- 
were  many  among  his  contemporaries  who 
reached  a  fame  which  was  denied  to  him  ; 
none  loved  poetry  and  learning  more,  aimed 
higher,  or  served  more  faithfully. 


PROF.   TIELE  AND   MR.   MAX  MtJLLER. 

Tn  Mr.  Max  Muller's  'Contributions  to  the 
Science  of  Mythology  '  (i.  35)  he  quotes  Prof. 
Tiele  as  saying  that  I  have  cited  himself  as  an> 
ally,  which  M.  Gaidoz  has  also  done,  and  that 
"ces  messieurs  n'ont  point  entitlement  tort." 
But  Mr.  Max  Muller's  way  of  putting  this  is, 
"Prof.  Tiele  was  even  claimed  as  an  ally  by 
the  ethnological  students  of  customs  and  myths, 
but  he  strongly  declined  that  honour."  When* 
a  gentleman  says  that  I  am  not  quite  wrong 
in  regarding  him  as  an  ally,  Mr.  Max  Miiller 
renders  this,  "  he  strongly  declined  that 
honour "  !  I  cite  Prof.  Tiele's  own  words  : 
"  Je  suis  un  aliie"  bien  plutot  qu'un  adversaire 
de  la  nouvelle  me"thode  qu'on  l'appelle  ethno- 
logique  ou  bien  anthropologique "  (Revue  d& 
I'Histoire  des  Religions,  xii.  256).  This  is  a- 
curious  way  of  "strongly  declining  "  an  alliance. 
which  I  am  not  aware  that  I  ever  offered.  I 
do  cite  Prof.  Tiele  in  '  Myth,  Ritual,  and 
Religion '  (i.  24  ;  i.  43-44),  and  give  the  words 
in  which  he  calls  Mr.  Max  Muller's  method 
"  inadequate  and  misleading, "and  "applauds  "" 
our  method  as  "alone  explaining  the  why  and 
wherefore,"  &c.  Does  Mr.  Max  Miiller  not 
know  these  passages  1  Prof.  Tiele  and  I,  of 
course,  have  minor  differences. 

Andrew  Lang. 


ST.   PATRICK. 

Ballyclough. 

In  your  review  of  Mr.  Plummer's  '  Bede '  it 
is  stated  that  "the  name  Patricius  first  appears 
in  Tirechan. "  That  writer's  annotations  belong 
to  the  seventh  century,  but  the  name  is  found 
in  the  sixth  century,  in  Columba's  subscription! 
to  the  'Book  of  Durrow,'  "rogo  beatudinem 
tuam  sancte  presbyter  Patrici";  and  again  in 
the  fifth  century  Patrick  begins  his  own  '  Con- 
fessio'  and  also  his  letter  to  Coroticus  with  his- 
name. 

I  think  if  Mr.  Plummer  had  studied  carefully 
the  documents  in  Mr.  Whitley  Stokes's  invalu- 
able edition  of  'The  Tripartite  Life  of  St. 
Patrick '  (Rolls  Series)  he  would  hardly  have 
offered  his  conjecture  as  to  the  identity  of 
Patrick  and  Palladius.  If  they  were  the  same 
it  would  follow  that  Patrick  did  not  convert 
Ireland,  for  Palladius  came  "ad  Scottos  in. 
Christum  credentes" — words  which  have  been 
unfairly  minimized  by  writers  with  whose 
theories  they  conflict.  There  are  three  names- 
which  must  be  dealt  with  by  any  one  who 
undertakes  to  give  a  rational  account  of  St. 
Patrick.  They  are  Sen-patric,  Patricius,  and 
Palladius.  Sen-patric,  or  Patrick  the  Elder, 
appears  in  the  earliest  documents,  'The  Hymn 
of  Fiacc,'  '  The  Calendar  of  Oengus,'  &c.  Who 
was  he  ?  Dr.  Todd  promised  to  tell  us,  but 
thought  better  of  it  and  dropped  it.  He  is, 
in  fact,  the  skeleton  in  the  closet,  and  most 
theorists  prefer  to  leave  him  there,  nevertheless 
he  is  the  Hamlet  of  the  play.  Mr.  Stokes 
(p.  ex,  note  4)  suggests  that  the  whole  passage 
in  which  the  "  qui  Patricius  alio  nomine,"  &c, 
occurs  is  an  interpolation,  and  there  is  every 
reason  to  believe  he  is  right. 

I  have  endeavoured  in  Appendix  A  to  my 
'History  of  the  Church  of  Ireland,'  and  in 
the  article  on  St.  Patrick  in  the  'Dictionary 
of   National  Biography,'  to  give  an  account  o? 


31  I 


tii  E    a  tii  i;\\i-;r  m 


riciua  which,  a-   the  aame  tin.,',   is  i,, 
mony  with   Prosper,  and  doei  do  violent 
existing  reoords.  '1'    < ),  |:)  M 


•SIKl.N'    \oh    , 

Mi--  EtoBi  i  reojt  writes :  — 

"  Will  you  kindly  allow  me  a  few  nrorda  in  reply 

rour  critic oi  'Scandinavian  Novels' in  the    [the- 

m  of  Februarj  13?    i„  m;  translation  of  Jacob- 

:''"'    Ml«'«   Lyhno'  (not  'Nil*,'  a-  vour  reviewer 

in  Norwegian  fashion  insists  on  writing}   he    1. 1- 

Pick.. I  out  a  f,  w  '8)ighi  errora  whirl,  ;i  i i 1 1 J . •  care 

would  have  prevented.'    it  is  a  pity  he  has  not  I n 

mow  fortunate  in  hia  choice.  J„  the  following 
Bentence,  -Hon  frankly  and  openly  she  breather] 
into  th.-m    [the  notea  of  a  BOng),your  critic  finds 

a^il.  „,,,,,,,>.,,•  ,.ot  tranalatinVW^t  in  Danish  i 
"tendlv  •breathed .out  inthemj  by  'breathed  out 
her  soul  in  them.  A  point  like  this  is  really  too 
trivial  to  dwell  upon;  his  auggestion  ienbhanpiel 
than  mine  and  considerably  leal  literal.  Again  vouf 
reviewer  doea  not.appear  to  he  familiar  with  the 
use  of  tlMnriM  ,„  Danish,  or  he  would  not  com: 
J '«■» y    '••    ;  unchaste  '  is  too  strong  a  rendering  of 

l.e  word  ,  if  th(  re  18  any  fault  to  find,  it  is  that  it 
is  not  strong  enough,  aa  be  might  have  seen  had  h" 

i  on",,  r1'"" r"  "T  a<  "T  Bentence  "hich  foUowl 
it  on  p.  168.  Knogler  der  knuses  i  Kjod  '  does  not 
mean  as  your  critic  thinks.  '  hones  crushed  into  the 
flesh'  which  would  he  'i  Kjodet'),  hut  'bones 
crushed  into  fleah  or  pulp,'  for  which  I  felt  justified 

o  giving  as  an  English  equivalent  'bobescnYshed 
to  powder.'  Had  I  the  opportunity  of  revising  he 
translation   I  might   perhaps  substitute   'pup'  for 

powder,  but  aa  it  stands  I  fail  to  see  how  'the 
meaning  of  the  metaphor  is  lost  by  this  blunder' 
As  the  translator  of  Biornson's  'Fisher  La88f' noticed 
in  the  same  article  allow  me  to  protest  against  the 
trivial  objections  that  are  raised  here  too.  I  am  not 
aware  that  I  have  translated  ax  anywhere  by  'a 
grain  of  corn.  The  only  passage  I  can  remember 
where  the  word  occurs  is  on  p.  84,  where  I  wrote  'her 
thoughts  swayed  and  bent  like  ripe  grain  'If 'your 
critic  prefers  to  translate  the  Norwegian Thalpepr^t 
by  the  dictionary  equivalent '  curate,'  he  is  Some 
to  do  ao  ;itis  a  matter  of  taste.  But  the  word < curate® 
with  is  peculiarly  English  associations  is  not  'a 
translation  that  would  recommend  itself  to  anv  one 
familiar  with  Norwegian  life.  Finally  as  to  nX 
crowning  offence,  the  translation  of  hrluo  \  v 
'bogies'  'Can  it  be  possible  that  this  cXVa 
Norse  story  has  never  heard '  of  the  ordinary  dialect 
yord  Draug?  Any  Norse  child  could  infonn  bim 
that  Draug  is  used  everywhere  in  Norway  -is  a 
equivalent  of  our  'ghost 'or  'bogy.'  If  he  ,v,Ye, 
more  precise  information  I  refer  hia  to  Aa4„' 
•Norsk  Ordbog'  p.  11J.     Bravg  is  simply  tbe  Old 

SrTafaT^  ?.C°'Ch  dr°n'--  «  ^up Reviewer  Sill 
turn  agrin  to  the  passage  in  question,  he  will  see 
how  superfluous  was  his  distil™  «f  ,„V.*i  i  •  , 
learning.  As  I  have  been  seve ral  tiZl  fa  J*"?1 
task,  for  the  misleading  title  which  th/fc-*.0 
version  of  Jaoobsen'a  novel  bea^s  lVn,,M^"igI,!h 
mention  here  that  I  am  in  no  waTrespSblefor  t° 
K^roo^^^^ 

We  are  sorry  to  find  Miss  Robertson  so  im- 
penitent and,  a  as  I  so  ill  instructed.  To  trans- 
ate  udaande  by  "  breathe  out"  is  not  even 
literally  correct      The  word  is,  notoriously   bS 

;Vs°te  Suk 'W'M  UVAdf  Pl}rase  ,,ud^e  si 
sidste  Suk     (    breathe  forth  one's  last  sigh  ") 

A  lady  vocalist  who  knew  her  business  would 

of  course   breathe  her  soul  into  her  songs   ,t 

(unless  she  were  asthmatical)  «' breathe  out 

them,'   whatever  that  may  meat ""&  rrfS 

can  only  be  translated  »  immodest."     I  '  i8  thj 

equivalent  of  uanstvndigh,  and  has  been  used 

,v«nSn  T  8e;nse'eversince  Holberg's  time 
by  all  Danish  classics.  Possibly  Miss  Robert' 
son  confounded  it  with  the  older  and  much 
coarser  word  ublu.  We  hone  not  Tf  it 
strange  that  Miss   Robertson  should  fail  to  .see 

knLleI  S1'""1  trrsl,tin"  "K«'^2 

Knuses  i  Kjod  spoils  the  metaphor  Two 
boys,  armed  with  wooden  swords,  are  slashing 
away  at  the  rich  sappy  grasses  in  a  field  "a  ,  d 
the  severed  stalks  squashed  beneath  their  feet 
like  the  bodies  of  Turks  beneath  horses' hoofs 
with  the  sound  of  bones  crushed  into  the  fS.  -' 

to 'now  lor"  n'S-      N°W     "bones    cru8l'ed 


"    tllL'   present     i  he    Bguri  i   in  a 

Norwegian   fisher-folk's   tale,  can  only  be    tbe 
terrible     demon    who    haunts   th< 
coast  from  the  Lofotens  I  i  the  Naze  and 
';•'•"  immortalised   by  Jonas   Lie   and   otl 
U«  is  not  the  conventional  and  colourless  bogv 
"•   «?«  nursery,  though    doubtless    a    distant 

relation. 


i  i:s  rui!  wo.Mi;.\  at  CAMBBIDQa 
m        c,       ,.  March  3, 1897. 

i  in:  Syndicate  appointed  to  consider  the  ques- 
tion of  granting  degrees  to  women  have  made 
B  report  winch  was  published  yesterday  The 
report  itself  is  not  a  very  long  one,  but  it  is 
accompanied  by  a  large  number  of  appendices 
containing  information  which  was  before  the 
Syndicate.  The  recommendations  with  which 
the  report  concludes  are  simple  and  intelligible 
Ihe  signatures  of  nine  out  of  the  fourteen 
members  of  the  Syndicate  are  attached  ;  the 
remaining  five  Syndics  have  issued  a  piper  of 
the  nature  of  a  minority  report. 

The  gist  of  the  proposals  of  the  Syndics  is 
that  women  should  continue  to  be  admitted  to 
Inpos  examinations  under  the  same  conditions 
as  at  present,  and  that  those  who  pass  a  Tripos 
examination  which  would  qualify  a  man  for  the 
1S.A.  degree  and  who  have  resided  ninetermsshall 
receive  the  title  of  the  B.A.  degree  by  diploma. 
W  hen  of  the  standing  which  would  entitle  men 
to  proceed  to  M.A.,  women  are  to  receive  the 
title  of  the  MA.  degree  by  diploma,  and  may 
subsequently  obtain  the  titles  of  the  decrees 
Doctor  of  Literature  or  Science  by  satisfying 
the  tests  that  are  imposed  on  men  for  those 
degrees. 

Such  are  the  new  privileges  which  it  is  pro- 
posed to  offer  women  ;  on  the  other  hand  the 
report  proposes  to  maintain  all  existing  restric- 
tions. It  is  not  proposed  at  any  stage  to 
confer  membership  of  the  University  upon 
women,  nor  to  open  any  examinations,  such  as 
those  for  the  ordinary  degree,  to  which  they  are 
not  now  admitted.  No  fresh  educational  faci- 
lities in  reference  to  lectures  or  laboratories 
will  be  secured  by  the  proposed  change,  and 
the  diplomas  giving  the  titles  of  degrees  will 
carry  with  them  no  university  privileges  On 
the  question  of  academical  dress  the  report 
is  discreetly  silent.  These  limitations  to  the 
proposed  changes  will  meet  many  objec- 
tions which  have  been  urged  by  those  who 
view  with  dread  the  possibility  that  Cam- 
bridge should  become  a  mixed  university, 
while  the  granting  the  titles  of  degrees  would 
go  far  towards  removing  the  disadvantage-in 
the  opinion  of  the  Syndicate  a  serious  one-felt 
by  women  who,  having  gone  through  Tripos 
examinations,  have  no  title  to  show  the  fact 
but  only  a  certificate,  which  is  seldom  under- 
stood away  from  the  University,  and  is  often 
confused  with  certificates  granted  to  non- 
resident students. 

The  view  of  the  Syndicate  as  to  the  reality  of 
ildlSfdrana?e  is  supported  by  the  state- 
ments  of  no  fewer  than  thirty-six  women  who 
have  Studied  in  Cambridge,  as  to  their  personal 
experience.  These  statements  are  collected  in 
a.,  appendix  to  the  report.  The  greater  weight 
attached  to  a  degree  from  some  other  university 
than  to  the  Cambridge  Tripos  certificate  £ 
similarly  evidenced  by  statements  contained  in 
another  appendix.  It  would  seem  that  one  of 
the  principal  objects  aimed  at  by  the  Syndicate 

chL  e  r         y  thiS  Wkh  the  n,in"num  of 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  proposals  of  the 
Syndicate,  while  not  so  extreme  as  some  of  the 
Promoters  of  the  inquiry  may  have  hoped,  go 
quite  far  enough  to  raise  a  very  distinct  issue, 
or  lather  several  issues,  between  the  supporters 
of  change  and  those  who  desire  to  see  no  further 
steps  taken  by  the  University  i„  the  direction 
of  granting  academical  degrees  to  women. 

hlM"HH*r  circulated  by  the   live  members  of 
the    Syndicate  who    did    not  sign  the    report 


N  3619,  .M.m:,  h  .;. 


,nd'  "f  the  lines  that  will  .     ;.. 

°?P  umerating  various  reaa 

"Inch  prevented  some  of  them  from  hj.M 
the  report,  they  state  that  they  would  Y 
Wished     to      recommend      to      tbe  M 

alternative  to    the    proposal    actually  made    a 
[Ution   as    to   tbe   desirability  that   the  Unj 
ty  should  confer    by  diploma  the  tit!, 
.stram  Litteris,  or  Magiitra  in  Scientia,  or 
some  other  title  not  being  the  tith 
in  the  University,  upon  women  who  shall  1 
qualified,  under   conditions   to  be  defined 
ng  a  Tripos  examination.     It  is    not  c 
how  far  the  signatories  of  this  paper  concur  in 
the  reasons  given  at  the  beginning  of  it.     Tl 
reasons  seem  to  refer,  among  other  things    I 

jestion  which  it  is  stated  m  the  rep 
was  considered  by  the  Syndicate,  namely,  I 
if  any  change  is  to  be  made  in  the  way  of  further 
recognition  of  women  students,  such  recognition 
should  be  extended  to  students  who  have  studied 
and  resided  at  approved  colleges  away  from 
Cambridge.  This  change  in  the  existing  system 
the  Syndicate  state  that  they  are  not  prepared 
to  recommend. 

It  appears  from  the  report  that  another 
suggestion  considered  by  the  Syndicate  was  that 
the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  acting 
together  should  take  steps  for  combining  the 
existing  women's  colleges  in  a  separate"  uni- 
versity for  women.  Information  is  supplied  in  an 
appendix  as  to  the  proceedings  of  a  committee 
privately  formed  in  the  two  universities  to  pro- 
mote such  a  movement.  The  Syndicate  say  that 
they  are  not  in  favour  of  such  a  proposal,  and 
give  reasons  why  they  cannot  think  that  the 
present  is  a  fitting  occasion  for  an  attempt  to 
secure  the  joint  action  of  the  two  universities 
Ihe  question  will  no  doubt  be  again  raised  by 
members  of  the  Senate  when  the  report  is  dis- 
cussed The  discussion  has  been  fixed  for  Satur- 
day, March  13th,  and  is  expected  to  be  of  an 
animated  character.  w 


THE  SPRING  PUBLISHING  SEASON. 

Messrs.  Bemrose  &  Sons  have  in  the  press 
Vols.  V.  and  VI.  of  Wanklyn's  '  Lessons  of 
Holy  Scripture  illustrated  from  the  Poets  '— 
Heller's  Annotated  Edition  of  the  New  Code 
for  Day  Schools, '-and  'The  Oldest  Register 
Book  of  the  Parish  of  Hawkshead,  Lancashire,' 
by  Mr.  Swainson  Cowper. 

Messrs.  A.  D.  Innes  &  Co.  promise  '  The 
Sepoy  Revolt,'  a  critical  narrative  of  the  Indian 
Mutiny  till  the  final  suppression,  by  Lieut  - 
General  McLeod  Innes,— 'The    Sikhs  and   the 

Ar  V  i\r'T  by    General    S'r    C.    Gough    and 
Mr.  A.   D.  Innes,— a  translation    by  Mr   A    D 
Jones  of  'Cicero  and   his  Friends,'  by  M    Gus- 
tave  Boissier,— 'The  Law  of  War,' by  Mr  J    S 

?1Slvy'unElfinn'S  Luck'  and  other  Poems,' by 
A.  Jl.  Hills,— and  two  more  volumes  of  the 
Isthmian  Library  ":  «  The  Complete  Cyclist  ' 
by  A.  C.  Pemberton  and  Mr.  C.  P.  Sisley'- 
and  '  Rowing,'  by  Mr.  R.  C.  Lehmann,  Mr.  Guy 
ISickalls,  and  Mr.  C.  M.  Pitman 


HISTORICAL  MANfSCRIPTS   COMMISSION. 
THE    IIODGKIN   COLLECTION. 

In  bis  brief  introduction  to  the  latest  publica- 
tion of  the  Commission,  Mr.  Cordy  Jeaffreson 
tells  Ins  readers  that 

"  this   collection    of    papers    belongs    to   tbe   class 
usually  spoken  of  as 'made  collections'    .  in  contra. 
distinction  to  the  accumulations  of  manuscripts 
ot  historic  families  or  ancient  corporations." 

This  definition  is  probably  sufficiently  «-'\act, 
but  we  question  whether  the  further  statement 
that, 

•'  resembling  all  other  similar  collections  in  that  its 
multifarious  evidences  lack  the  particular  continuity 
that  contributes  so  largely  to  the  enjoyment  with 
winch  a  student  examines  the  muniments  of  an 
ancient  family  or  corporate  body,  Mr.  Hodgkm'a 
assemblage  of  documenta  is  also  characterised  by  the 
piquant  and  animating  diversity  that  is  one  of  the 
usual  aud  peculiar  qualities  of  '  made  collections  '  " 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


315 


is  a  sentence  that  will  be  generally  accepted  or 
even  generally  understood. 

Having  ushered  in  the  subject-matter  with 
these  portentous  expressions,  the  editor  gets  to 
work  at  once  by  dividing  the  collection  into 
eleven  groups,  the  contents  of  which  are 
"exhibited"  in  "eleven  several  calendars." 
This  done,  he  disappears  behind  the  scenes, 
after  delivering  a  parting  shot  at  the 
less  "studious  searcher."  After  all,  how- 
ever, the  searcher,  "studious"  or  other- 
wise, has  much  cause  for  gratitude  in  re- 
spect of  the  actual  arrangement  of  the  report 
and  the  descriptions  of  the  several  pieces.  In 
all  this  Mr.  Jeaffreson  has  displayed  excellent 
judgment,  and,  so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to 
test  his  dates  and  identifications,  an  almost  un- 
failing accuracy,  though  herein  he  has  readily 
acknowledged  the  assistance  of  the  learned 
owner.  At  the  same  time,  the  repetition — 
five  times  in  as  many  pages— of  such  expres- 
sions as  "  the  tremulous  handwriting  of  the 
aged  first  Duke  of  Leeds  "  cannot  fail  to  lessen 
the  literary  effect  of  the  most  careful  and  con- 
scientious workmanship. 

The  editor  has  truly  remarked  that  the  pro- 
portion of  "  valueless  matter  "  in  this  collection 
is  necessarily  small.  This  is  a  circumstance 
which  reflects  credit  upon  the  historical  know- 
ledge and  judgment  of  the  collector,  but  it  is 
also  one  that  renders  it  difficult  to  enter  upon 
any  detailed  examination  of  the  whole  series  of 
papers  contained  in  this  report.  It  might  be 
possible,  however,  to  make  some  distinction 
between  the  manuscripts  which  appear  to  have 
been  selected  merely  as  "  curiosities  "and  those 
which  are  of  the  nature  of  historical  evidences. 
Amongst  the  latter  class  (which  is  fortunately 
by  far  the  more  numerous)  the  papers  of  the 
Earl  of  Danby,  the  Duke  of  Ormonde,  and  those 
described  here  as  "Miscellaneous  Writings" 
appear  to  be  the  most  important.  Many  of 
these  deserve  to  be  carefully  compared  and 
noted  in  connexion  with  the  official  State 
Papers  to  which  they  are  related,  but  the  exact 
degree  of  this  relationship  cannot  be  very  easily 
ascertained,  though  one  group  must  have  been 
derived  in  some  way  from  the  ancient  receipt 
branch  of  the  Exchequer. 


SALES. 

Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge  con- 
tinued their  sale  of  the  library  of  printed  books 
and  manuscripts  of  Sir  Charles  Stewart  Forbes 
and  others  on  Thursday  and  Friday  in  last  week. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  highest  prices 
realized :  Goethe,  Wilhelm  Meister,  first  edition, 
16i.  Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  first  edition 
(cut  down  and  bound),  602.  Heures  de  Romme, 
Paris,  N.  Hygman,  s.d.,  402.  Horse,  MS.  on 
vellum,  with  miniatures,  Sax;.  XV.,  1242.  La 
Bruyere,  Caracteres,  first  ten  editions  in  morocco 
by  Trautz-Bauzonnet,  1688-99, 472.  La  Fontaine, 
Contes,  1685,  142.  10s.  ;  another,  "  Fermiers 
Ge'ne'raux,"  1762,  162.  10s.  ;  Fables,  on  vellum 
paper,  by  Didot,  6  vols.,  1787,  222.  Monet, 
Chansons,  4  vols.,  1765,  211.  William  Morris's 
News  from  Nowhere,  on  vellum,  132.  5s. 
Ruskin's  Autograph  Letters  addressed  to 
a  College  Friend  (twenty-one),  211.  ;  and 
Twenty-nine  Autograph  Letters  addressed  to  an 
Artist,  242.  Hone  ad  Usum  Rothomagensem, 
MLS.,  illuminated,  '601.  Milton,  Justa  Naufrago 
Edovardo  King  (containing  first  edition  of 
Lycidas),  1638,  G02.  ;  Paradise  Lost,  first  edi- 
tion (first  issue),  1667,  in  modern  binding,  802. 
Froissart,  Croniques,  Verard's  first  edition,  702. 
<  hraduale  Sarishuriense,  15.'i2,  1152.  Montaigne's 
Essays,  by  John  Florio,  first  edition,  1603, 
L2Z.  5s.  Charters  of  Pennsylvania,  1G82-1701, 
522.  Heures  de  Koine  (1500-20),  121.  15a. 
Swinburne's  Sans  Veneris,  first  edition,  in 
sheets,  232.  10s.  Walton's  Angler,  first  five 
editions  (inferior  copies,  in  modern  bindings 
and  cut  down),  2401.  old  English  Ballets  and 
Madrigals,    OantUB    parts    only,     302.     Shake- 


speare, Fourth  Folio,  252.  10s.  Report  of  the 
Houses  of  Assembly  on  South  Carolina,  1742, 
222.  A  volume  of  Theatrical  Portraits,  various, 
411.  A  volume  of  Engravings  of  Sports  and 
Pastimes,  532. 

The  same  auctioneers  sold  the  following 
books  this  week.  Loggan,  Oxonia  Illustrata 
and  Cantabrigia  Illustrata,  3  vols.,  1675-88, 
182.  Manning  and  Bray,  History  of  Surrey, 
1810  - 14,  202.  ;  another  copy,  212.  The 
original  drawings  by  Phiz  to  illustrate  Dickens's 
Sketches  of  Young  Gentlemen  and  Sketches  of 
Young  Ladies,  thirteen  in  number,  792.  Ruskin, 
Poems,  1850,  222.  Thackeray,  The  Second 
Funeral  of  Napoleon  (slightly  soiled),  392. 
Nichols,  History  of  Leicester,  4  vols.,  1795-1815, 
1012.  Annals  of  Sporting,  13  vols.,  1822-28,  312. 
Burns  Poems,  Kilmarnock,  1786  (last  leaf  inlaid), 
802.  Carey,  Life  in  Paris,  1822,  172.  15s.  The 
Humourist,  Vols.  I.,  III.,  and  IV.,  1819-20, 
172.  10s.  Blake,  Songs  of  Innocence,  1789,  422. 
Berain,  GSuvre  d'Ornement,  Paris,  202.  Blake, 
Book  of  Thel,  1789,  182.  5s.  ;  Visions  of  the 
Daughters  of  Albion,  1793,  202.  5s.  ;  Little  Tom 
the  Sailor,  122.  10s.  ;  Thirty  Drawings  in  pen, 
ink,  and  sepia,  some  being  illustrations  to 
Urizen,  612.  A  portion  of  an  illuminated  manu- 
script, fifteenth  century,  Boccaccio's  Fall  of 
Princes,  302.  Dives  and  Pauper,  printed  by 
Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1496  (imperfect),  222. 
Diirer  Drawings,  reproduced  by  Dr.  Lippmann, 
Parts  I.  to  IV:,  1883,  132. 


NOTES  FROM  PARIS. 


Last  week  the  Academy  held  a  reception  ; 
they  will  hold  an  election  on  the  first  Thursday 
in  April.  Will  M.  Hanotaux  be  the  candidate 
chosen  to  take  the  place  of  M.  Challemel- 
Lacour  r<  It  is  highly  probable,  and  the  historian 
of  Richelieu  will  have  already  pronounced  the 
eulogium  of  the  great  cardinal  founder  of  the 
Academy,  which,  once  customary,  has  now  fallen 
intodesuetude.  To  compliment  the  sovereign  and 
Richelieu  was  once  a  compulsory  duty ;  we  have 
changed  all  that,  as  Moliere  said.  There  remains 
only  for  the  head  of  the  State  the  copy  of  the 
speech  of  the  new  member  presented  to  him 
after  the  se'ance  in  a  binding  which  is  ordinary 
enough,  but  very  curious,  and  settled  by  tradi- 
tion— a  binding,  or  rather  a  covering,  in  boards  of 
gilt  paper,  of  deplorable  taste,  which  perhaps 
appealed  strongly  to  Louis  XIV.,  and  has  been 
preserved  for  his  successors.  M.  le  Marquis  Costa 
de  Beauregard  will  carry  one  day,  or  has  already 
offered,  this  special  binding  to  M.  Felix  Faure. 

Politics,  moreover,  are  mixed  up  with  these 
contests  for  places  in  the  Academy.  The  oppo- 
nentsof  M.  Hanotaux  regret,  for  instance,  that  he 
is  a  politician.  "  We  have,"  they  say,  "  already 
too  many  former  ministers,  and  politicians 
embarrass  us  sometimes."  That  was  not  the 
opinion  of  Eugene  Spuller,  who  long  aspired  to 
a  seat  in  the  Academy,  and  died  on  the  threshold 
of  the  promised  (or  hoped-for)  land  with  a  fine 
book  on  Lamennais  in  his  hand.  The  friends 
of  M.  Hanotaux  will  vote  for  him,  not  because 
he  is  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  but  because 
he  has  put  his  name  to  a  masterpiece,  and  no 
various  views  of  the  affairs  of  Crete  will  prevent 
me  from  thinking  that,  since  the  famous  'Tableau 
de  la  France '  by  Michelet,  I  have  read  nothing 
more  striking  than  the  panoramic  view  (if  I  may 
so  call  it)  of  the  France  of  Louis  XIII.  pre- 
sented by  M.  Hanotaux.  The  book  has  a 
colour,  an  accent,  and  a  vigour  which  are  ad- 
mirable ;  it  conjures  up  the  whole  scene.  But 
M.  Hanotaux  is  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  and 
like  them  mixed  up  with  political  contingencies. 
The  partisans  of  the  intervention,  even  though 
Greece  profits  l>y  it,  discuss  his  rule  and  his 
doings  '  Les  Orientales '  in  hand.  A  patriot 
before  everything  and  a  statesman,  M.  Hano- 
taux makes  politics  no  more  a  matter  of  senti- 
ment than  Richelieu  would  do  if  alive  to-day. 
I  am  sure  thai  he  entertains  as  much  respect  and 
admiration  for   the  Greek  genius  as  Mr.  Glad- 


stone can  have.  He  obeys  that  need  of  peace, 
that  horror  of  a  war  of  which  no  one  can  foresee 
the  extent,  that  love  of  a  somewhat  selfish 
quiescence,  which  is  the  general  feeling  of  Europe 
and  modern  society. 

I  do  not  think  any  one  can  help  feeling  moved 
by  the  ancestral  valour  of  the  little  Greek  people, 
which  their  courage  has  kept  great,  and  fail  to 
profess  a  feeling  of  admiration  for  the  attitude 
of  King  George.  It  is  certain  that  at  other 
times  volunteers  would  have  flocked  into  vessels 
in  our  ports  sailing  to  Crete.  But  the  age  of 
chivalry  is  dead.  We  are  all  more  or  less  like 
Don  Quixote,  who  returned  from  his  heroic 
rides  well  belaboured  with  blows.  "Europe," 
said  the  caricaturist  Gavarni,  even  in  his 
time,  "Europe  is  an  old  lady  and  so  tired  !" 
Gavarni  was  the  regular  designer  of  the  beds 
de  V opera  of  the  time  of  Louis  Philippe,  and 
supplied  the  irony  of  the  Carnival  of  his  time. 
The  Carnival  was  not  then  so  demonstrative  as 
now.  It  confined  itself  to  the  bals  masque's,  and 
the  traditional  promenade  of  the  Beeuf  Gras  did 
not  involve  the  display  of  decoration,  the  figures, 
and  the  cars  which  the  Paris  of  our  days  has  seen 
pass  in  procession.  Note  this  singular  antithesis  : 
the  more  literature  affects  anobstinate  pessimism, 
the  more  the  crowd  seems  pleased  with  gaieties 
on  a  large  scale.  The  cultured  are  pleased  with 
the  prospect  of  the  Hindoo  Nirvana  ;  the  good 
folks  who  form  the  multitude  revive,  in  order  to 
appreciate  the  passing  masquerade,  that  rough 
old  French  humour,  that  good  humour  which  is 
a  fashionable  subject  for  ridicule  in  the  tents  of 
the  Ibsen ites  and  Wagnerians. 

And  the  gaiety  of  France  being  satirical  and 
bantering  in  its  essence — as  appears  clearly  from 
the  vogue  of  the  reviews  of  the  end  of  the  year, 
in  which  impromptu  Aristophaneses  apply  the 
lash  to  events  and  hiss  men — the  organizers  of 
the  cavalcades  which  are  the  joy  of  the  boule- 
vards desired  to  mix  with  operatic  mythologies 
some  realism  of  present  interest,  to  make  a 
living  chronicle,  to  act  journalism.  The  respon- 
sible authorities  did  not  allow  it.  Imagine  a 
car  representing  some  Turk  brandishing  his 
scimitar  over  an  Armenian,  or  a  palikar  dis- 
playing the  colours  of  Greece  !  No  politics  ! 
So  the  Carnival  was  confined  to  the  regions 
of  the  conventional  fairyland  in  which  the 
figurants  of  the  theatre  show  themselves  to 
the  public  in  the  guise  of  animated  flowers.  So 
no  ambassador,  no  state,  will  have  anything  to 
complain  of. 

The  irony  of  events,  which  equals  human 
irony,  is  responsible  for  the  troubles  and  disquiet- 
ing days  in  which  the  French  School  at  Athens  is 
preparing  to  celebrate  its  jubilee.  These  fetes 
are  destined  to  take  place  at  the  end  of  April, 
and  it  is  proposed  to  supplement  the  meetings 
and  archaeological  conferences  in  Greece,  over 
which  M.  Homolle,  the  eminent  director  of  the 
School,  will  preside,  by  a  representation  of 
the  '  GEdipus  Rex '  of  Sophocles,  played  at 
the  theatre  of  Dionysus  by  the  actors  of  the 
Come'die  Franchise.  M.  Mounet  Sully  was 
delighted  with  the  prospect  of  such  an  ex- 
perience, and  I  confess  that  for  a  tragedian  to 
play  Sophocles  at  the  very  theatre  of  Bacchus 
for  which  Sophocles  wrote  his  work— or  rather 
one  which  has  taken  its  place  on  the  old  site — 
is  a  sensation  at  once  unusual  and,  in  fact, 
unique. 

But  we  are  far,  it  seems,  from  Sophocles  and 
his  'OZdipus,'  and  the  Athenians  without  doubt 
expect  France  to  send  out  to  them  other  than 
theatrical  companies.  I  do  not  know  what  will 
become  of  the  project,  or  if  they  will  mobilize 
our  tragedians.  Vessels  were  already  preparing 
to  leave  for  the  Tyrrhenian  Sea,  and  the   paper 

/..  To>ir  ,iu  Monde  was  collecting  subscriptions 
for  the  Easter  fStes.  "A  Trinity  Easter I" 
replies  a  French  proverb  corresponding  to  the 
evasive  Greek  calends.  M.  Homolle  will  none 
the  less  have  planned  an  artistic  programme  at 
once  generous  and  brilliant.  We  are  QOl  makers 
of  the  winds,  nor  of  the  seas,  nor  of  international 


16 


rr  II  E     AT  II  KX.KIJM 


ran,  and  it  is  enough  f.»r  us  in  such  ■ 
to  do  ourselres  tins  justios,  thai  ire  bare  done 
— <-r  dreamt  -nil  for  the  I 

The  irony  of  hots  Again  I  The  Academy, 
<>f  which  I  spoke  just  now,  bae  in  this  rerj 
proposed  for  competition  s  piece  of  verse  on  a 
subject  which,  though  Bzed  a  year  ago,  appears 
specially  intended  for  the  moment  Salamis  !  1 
do  Dot  know  bow  many  poets  have  responded  to 
the  call.  All  the  pieces  have  been  Bent  in  to 
the  oom mission,  and  all  naturally  oalebrate  the 
glory  of  Greece,  Athens,  ykavicwvis  'A&nytj. 
They    make    Themistocles    speak    more    or  less 

lengthily,  and  tell  ■efficiently  plainly  his  doings 

to  Xerxes.  Is  there  not  here  a  meeting  pre- 
meditated hy  destiny  ?  Is  it  not  concerned  to 
show  that  letters  remain  faithful  to  old  tradi- 
tions, in  spite  of  the  necessities  imposed  by 
politics  ?  J 

Salamis  !  The  poet,  whoever  he  may  be, 
who  is  to  be  crowned,  will  be  much  applauded 
at  the  public  stance  when  some  Academician 
who  knows  how  to  read  well  makes  known  to 
the  public  the  result  of  the  competition  and  the 
verse  of  tho  laureate.  When  the  Academy 
chose  this  subject  (in  place  of  "Victor  Hugo," 
which  had  been  suggested)  some  members 
objected:  "Xerxes,  Themistocles,  the  Greek 
nation  taking  refuge  in  their  ships— all  this  is 
a  very  old  subject,  like  the  favourite  composi- 
tions of  the  classic  poets  of  the  empire."  But 
now  Salamis  is  again  in  fashion,  and  it  looks  as 
if  the  Academy  had  burnt  incense  on  the  altars 
of  opportunism.  One  need  not,  in  this  present 
world,  be  astonished  at  anything ;  long  ago 
Talleyrand  said  more  than  once,  "Nothing Is 
impossible."  Victor  Hugo  will  doubtless" be 
dealt  with  another  time.  Homage  to  the  poet 
whose  centenary  will  be  celebrated  in  1902  will 
be  a  tine  theme  for  young  poets.  Next  year 
will  witness  the  centenary  of  Michelet,  when 
his  widow,  who  only  lives  to  keep  her  illustrious 
husband's  memory  green,  will  publish  a  part  of 
the  correspondence  of  the  master.  Michelet 
wrote  without  restraint  in  his  letters.  They 
are  unusually  short  and  striking.  In  them  we 
shall  possess  an  intimate  memorial  to  rank 
beside  the^ national  one  of  his  great  history. 

From  Victor  Hugo  we  might  have  (so  M. 
Paul  Meurice  has  told  us  in  a  recent  notice  of 
Sardou's  '  Spiritisme  ')  a  whole  volume  of  great 
interest,  a  series  of  "conversations  avec  les 
espnts."  At  Guernsey,  in  fact,  the  poet  was 
enamoured  of  spiritualism,  turned  tables,  in- 
terrogated them,  noted  their  answers,  and  talked 
with  various  spirits— inferior  to  his  own,  I 
suppose.  But  he  believed  in  these  practices. 
One  of  his  friends  at  this  time,  an  exile  like 
him,  M.  Pegat-Ogier,  now  dead,  has  entrusted 
to  me  a  manuscript  dealing  with  Victor  Hugo  in 
exile,  which  if  published,  as  it  should  be,  would 
prove  exceedingly  interesting.  One  evening  a 
spirit  was  interrogated  in  the  salon  at  Guernsey 

"  vVho  are  you  ?  "  asked  Victor  Hugo. 

The  spirit  replied  :   "I  am  the  Drama." 

M.  Auguste  Vacquerie,  Victor  Hugo's  faith- 
ful disciple,  has  noted  somewhere,  I  believe,  the 
answer.  It  is  a  little  strange,  and  original 
enough  to  be  disconcerting — "I  am"  the 
Drama  "  !  Vacquerie  believed,  no  doubt,  in 
the  actual  presence  of  the  Drama  in  the  piece 
of  furniture  that  was  interrogated.  What  could 
the  face  of  the  Drama  possibly  bo  like?  In 
what  unknown  planet  did  the  Drama  dwell  in 
the  immense  world  of  the  invisible  ?  Neither 
Victor  Hugo  nor  Auguste  Vacquerie  has  told 
us.  But  can  one  be  astonished  to  see  dramatists 
conversing  with  the  Drama  when  one  meets 
with  credulous  spiritualists  who  converse  with 
Ivan  hoe  ? 

"Ivanhoe?" 

"Certainly.     Ivanhoe." 

Walter  Scott  himself  would  have  been  amazed 
at  it.  Perhaps  Victor  Hugo  would  have  found 
it  natural  to  talk  with  Buy  Bias.  What  is 
certain  is  that  hie  'Conversations  with  the 
Spirits  '  Jill  large  note-books  of  importance.   Will 


N«3619f  March  C,  '97 


they  be   printed   end    fora   pact  of   Ins  i 
plots  works  I    Will  they  find  ■  place  in  I 

'humous      works     which      have     still      many 

surprises    for   osl    J    rasped    thai    the    hairs 

of    the    poet    will    consider    them    ss   works 

utially  personal.    They  will  tec  in  them, 

perhaps,     the     distractions     of    a    greal     writer 

during   the   hard    eights  of    winter    in    time 

Of  exile,  and  preserve  unpublished  these 
recreations  of  the  master.  is  this  to  be  re- 
gretted i  "  All  that  1  write  can  be  published," 
sud  Victor  Hugo  one  day  to  me.  In  Victor 
Hugo  as  spiritualist  we  shall  see  at  least  an 
unexpected  side  of  the  man. 

Once  (no  doubt  in  jest)  a  volume  was 
announced  of  'Conversations  of  Charles  Baude- 
laire with  tho  Angels.'  Paul  Verlaine  laughed 
at  it  in  his  day,  like  all  of  us.  But  once  again 
Talleyrand  is  right— "Nothing  is  impossible," 
and  the  hour  of  occult  revelations  is  at  hand. 
Those  who  believe  in  them  give  themselves  up 
to  them  heart  and  soul;  those  who  do  not  amuse 
themselves  thereby,  and  all  the  world  is  pleased. 
This  is  a  slight  change  from  politics— in  which 
no  one  is  satisfied.  JoEES  Claketie. 


Hiterarn  CSosstp. 

Anthony  HorE  is  writing  a  new  story 
which  is  said  to  have  a  less  fantastic  plot 
than  his  recent  books.  It  will  probably 
be  called  '  Born  in  the  Purple.' 

Tns  Booksellers'  Dinner  will  be  held  at 
the  King's  Hall,  Holborn  Restaurant,  on 
Saturday,  May  8th,  when  Mr.  W.  E.  H. 
Lecky,  M.P.,  has  promised  to  occupy  the 
chair. 

TnE  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press  are 
about  to  issue  the  translation  of  the  newly 
found  Hebrew  text  of  Ecclesiasticus,  parallel 
with  the  Authorized  Version,  with  preface, 
in  a  cheap  and  popular  form  for  the  benefit 
of  the  general  reader. 

The  Eev.  Francis  G.  Waugh  is  printing 
a  much  enlarged  edition  of  bis  volume 
'  The  Athenceam  Club  and  its  Associations,' 
of  which  a  small  number  of  copies  were 
privately  printed  a  few  years  back.  The  book 
has  been  for  the  most  part  rewritten,  and 
will  now  contain  illustrations.  The  edition 
will  be  limited  to  seventy- five  copies  for 
private  distribution  only. 

Mr.  Joitn  S.  Farmer,  who  has  been  long 
working,  not  only  on  his  '  Slang  Dictionary,' 
but  on  our  old  ballad  literature,  will  begin 
presently  the  issue  of  an  anthology  of 
national  ballad  and  song.  The  slang  songs 
have  been  given  in  a  volume  already  issued 
('Musa  Pedestals').  The  loose  and 
humorous  are  nearly  ready,  and  will  form 
ten  volumes  under  tho  title  of  '  Merry  Songs 
and  Ballads,'  and  will  be  followed  at  once 
by  hunting  songs  and  sporting  ballads, 
the  editor  pledging  himself  to  give  in  every 
case  a  faithful  and  unexpurgated  reprint  of 
the  original  text.  Messrs.  Gibbings  &  Co. 
will  issue  for  tho  author. 

Db.  J.  B.  Ciiabot  has  prepared  for  publi- 
cation the  Syriac  text  of  the  '  Commentary  ' 
of  Theodore  of  Mopsuestia,  and  a  trans- 
lation of  the  same  with  notes  and  variant 
readings.  Ho  has  based  his  text  upon  the 
Paris  MS.  No.  308,  and  has  made  use  of 
the  Berlin  MS.  described  by  Dr.  Baothgen 
in  1881),  and  tho  fragments  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum,  which  were  published 
somo  twonty-five  years  ago  by  Dr.  Sachau. 
Tho  first  volume  of  Dr.  Chabot's  work 
will    be    issued    immediately    by    Leroux. 


The  Mine  Parisian  publisher  announces  for 
immediate  publication  the  fifth  ;  the 

famous  Syriac  and  Arabic  Lexicon  of  Isho1 

bar-BahlOl,  who  flourished  in   the  last  half 
of  the  tenth  oentury  of  our  era  fat 

the    French    Qovernment    by  Dr.    Pubens 
Duval.      This  part   will    finish  the  lexicon 

per,   but  a  further    part   is   to    apj 
which  will  contain  the  editor's  introduction 
and  index. 

Messiis.  Smith,  Eldee  &  Co.  will  publish 
immediately  the  second  volume  (completing 
tho  work)  of  Prof.  Charles  Foster  Kent's 
j  History  of  the  Hebrew  People.'  The  book 
is  devoted  to  a  consideration  of  "the 
Divided  Kingdom"  under  four  heads: 
1.  The  Pre -Assyrian  Period  of  Hebrew 
History;  2.  The  Assyrian  Period  of  Israel's 
History  ;  3.  The  Assyrian  Period  of  Judah's 
History;  4.  The  Babylonian  Period  of 
Judah's  History.  It  is  illustrated  by  maps 
and  a  chart. 

We  are  glad  to  bear  that  Mr.  E.  G. 
Hodge,  the  senior  partner  of  Messrs. 
Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge,  is  gradually 
recovering  from  the  illness  which  has  con- 
fined him  to  his  house  for  several  weeks. 
He  is  going  to  the  seaside  for  a  short  stay, 
and  bis  many  friends  will  be  glad  to  see 
him  back  in  bis  old  place  before  the  rush  of 
the  spring  season  sets  in. 

The  Convocation  of  the  Province  of  York 
is  to  be  added  to  the  public  bodies  which 
have  declared  by  resolution  the  urgent  need 
of  delimitation  between  elementary  and 
secondary  schools. 

Mr.  Nimmo  will  publish  early  in  April 
a  new  work  by  Dr.  Gasquet,  entitled  •  The 
Old  English  Bible,  and  other  Essays.' 

Messrs.  Oliver  &  Boyd  have  in  the  press 
a  new  edition  of  Dr.  Hutchison  Stirling's 
'  Secret  of  Hegel,'  revised  by  the  author. 
This  work  has  been  long  out  of  print,  and 
copies  are  eagerly  sought  for. 

In  anticipation  of  the  annual  meeting  on 
Thursday  next,  the  report  of  the  Book- 
sellers' Provident  Institution  has  just  been 
issued.  During  the  sixty  years  since  its 
establishment  64,G44/.  has  been  distributed. 
In  the  past  year,  it  is  mentioned,  two 
widows  have  died  who  had  received  601/. 
and  747/.  respectively.  For  this  large 
benefit  their  husbands  had  only  paid  22/. 
and  24/.  each.  Yet,  in  spite  of  the  great 
advantages  offered,  the  trade,  as  a  rule, 
refuse  to  become  members.  The  entire 
expenses  only  amounted  to  159/. 

Messrs.  Skeffington  &  Son  have  this 
week  been  appointed  Publishers  to  the 
Queen. 

The  Royal  Victoria  Pension  Fund,  in 
connexion  with  the  Newsvendors' Institution, 
is  making  good  progress,  and  Lord  Crewe 
is  issuing  a  special  appeal  to  the  press  and 
the  news  trade.  The  dinner  on  the  28th  of 
April  promises  to  be  a  representative  gather- 
ing. Sir  John  Robinson,  Mr.  Frauk  Lloyd, 
Messrs.  Harmsworth,  Sir  Wemyss  Eeid, 
Sir  Richmond  Cotton,  Mr.  Alderman  and 
Mrs.  Treloar,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Horace  B.  Mar- 
shall, Mr.  Upcott  Gill,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hance,  among  others,  have  already  promised 
to  be  present. 

The  English  Dialect  Society  has  lately 
issued  its  eightieth  and  last  number,  for  the 
year  1896.     It  was  founded  in  June,  1873, 


N°  3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


317 


and  for  the  first  four  years,  1873-6,  the 
annual  subscription  was  fixed  at  half-a- 
guinea.  Owing  to  the  success  of  the  Society 
and  the  number  of  contributions  offered  for 
printing,  the  subscription  was  raised  to  one 
pound  for  the  remaining  twenty  years ;  so 
that  the  whole  cost  to  each  subscriber  has 
been  221.  2s.  in  the  course  of  twenty- 
four  years.  The  publications  have  varied 
greatly  in  size  and  cost,  and  some  at  least 
are  of  permanent  value,  as  it  would 
scarcely  be  possible  to  collect  glossaries  of 
equal  value  and  interest  in  the  future.  It 
can  hardly  be  doubted  that,  with  the  close 
of  the  present  century,  several  of  the  words 
which  have  thus  been  successfully  recorded 
will  be  dead  or  only  imperfectly  remem- 
bered. Owing  to  the  frequent  applications 
of  members  of  the  Society  as  to  the  best  way 
of  binding  the  publications,  schemes  for 
their  arrangement  into  volumes  have  been 
issued  from  time  to  time,  and  some  special 
title-pages  have  been  printed.  An  endea- 
vour will  shortly  be  made  to  complete  the 
scheme,  so  that  the  whole  may  be  distri- 
buted into  thirty-two  volumes. 

In  the  year  1896,  being  the  last  year  of 
the  existence  of  the  English  Dialect  Society, 
'  The  English  Dialect  Dictionary '  was  suc- 
cessfully started  ;  so  that,  for  this  year  only, 
subscribers  to  the  publications  of  the  Society 
and  to  the  Dictionary  have  been  called  upon 
for  a  guinea  in  addition  to  the  usual  pound. 
In  future  the  Dictionary  will  alone  be  pro- 
ceeded with,  and  it  is  highly  desirable  that 
this  important  national  work — the  outcome 
not  only  of  the  Society's  publications,  but 
of  all  other  publications  of  a  similar  cha- 
racter, including  an  immense  collection  of 
manuscript  material — should  receive  strong 
support,  if  the  high  standard  attained  in 
the  two  parts  published  in  1896  is  to  be 
maintained  in  the  future.  The  collection 
of  manuscript  material  for  the  Dictionary 
began  as  far  back  as  in  1888,  and  an  addi- 
tional sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds 
was  expended  in  collecting  this  material 
and  reducing  it  to  order,  the  expense  being 
met  by  the  establishment  of  a  separate  fund 
for  the  purpose.  This  enables  the  editor  to 
supply  many  valuable  and  appropriate  quo- 
tations in  illustration  of  the  words  employed. 
The  Dictionary  contains  all  the  dialect 
words  that  have  been  recorded  since  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  in  every 
known  dialect.  A  large  number  belong, 
as  might  be  anticipated,  to  the  Lowlands  of 
Scotland  and  the  north  of  England ;  but 
there  are  also  a  great  many  from  the  south 
of  England,  from  Lincolnshire,  and  from 
East  Anglia.  The  two  parts  issued  in  1896 
extend  from  A  to  Blare ;  and  it  is  remark- 
able that  the  letter  B  occupies  a  far  larger 
space  in  dialect  than  it  does  in  literary 
English.  It  is  anticipated  that  the  whole 
will  be  completed  in  about  eight  years  from 
the  commencement,  viz.  in  1903. 

On  the  6th  of  April  Messrs.  Puttick  & 
Simpson  hold  their  second  sale  of  book- 
plates (ex  -  libris)  and  armorial  china. 
The  collection,  which  comprises  nearly 
350  lots  of  property,  contains  a  variety 
of  plates  in  the  Early  English,  Jacobean, 
Chippendale,  and  Bartolozzi  styles,  many 
of  them  the  work  of  celebrated  de- 
signers. It  is  relatively  of  greater  im- 
portance than  that  hold  by  the  samo  firm 


in  January  last.  The  latter  sale,  however, 
stands  in  a  unique  position  as  being 
the  first  in  this  country  exclusively  de- 
voted to  book-plates,  or,  indeed,  in  any 
other  so  far  as  is  known.  Its  immediate 
effect  has  been  to  call  general  attention  to 
the  subject  and  to  enhance  prices. 

A  correspondent  writes  that  a  papyrus 
of  the  sixth  dynasty  has  been  discovered  in 
Egypt;  also  the  text  of  a  Logia,  perhaps 
connected  with  that  of  Papias. 

The  critical  edition  of  the  text  of  '  Don 
Quixote,'  begun  by  Mr.  Ormsby  and  con- 
tinued by  Mr.  Fitzmaurice-Kelly,  is  to  be 
soon  out.  Mr.  Nutt  is  the  publisher.  If  it 
only  gives,  as  it  promises,  a  thorough  colla- 
tion of  the  early  editions,  it  will  be  a  boon 
to  students  and  another  good  service  rendered 
by  our  countrymen  to  Cervantes  ;  but  we 
confess  we  are  afraid  the  editors  are  too 
scornful  of  the  Madrid  edition  (1608)  of 
Part  I.  It  is  right,  we  think,  to  neglect  the 
Lisbon  editions  of  1605,  but  we  should  have 
been  inclined  to  pay  some  attention  to  the 
Brussels  editions  of  Part  I.  subsequent  to 
1607  and  to  Sorita's  Barcelona  edition.  We 
fail  to  see  the  use  of  collating  late  Madrid 
reprints. 

Mr.  Parnell  writes  : — 

"  In  the  Athenaeum  of  February  13th,  p.  207, 
your  reviewer  quotes  the  following  sentence 
from  Mrs.  J.  H.  Philpot's  work  on  '  The  Sacred 
Tree':  'According  to  Mr.  Farnell,  the  latest 
writer  on  the  subject,  the  chief  gods  of  the 
Greeks  were,  in  their  origin,  deities  of  vege- 
tation.' I  assume  that  the  quotation  is  accu- 
rate, as  I  have  not  yet  had  the  opportunity  of 
reading  Mrs.  Philpot's  work.  Your  reviewer 
proceeds  with  the  obvious  rejoinder  :  '  Alas  ! 
even  the  latest  writer  is  not  necessarily  right.' 
He  might,  perhaps,  have  added  that  there  is  no 
such  general  view  expressed  in  my  treatise,  and 
that  in  regard  to  certain  leading  deities  I  have 
expressly  combated  this  theory.  It  is  one  thing 
to  say  that  ancient  Greek  ritual,  like  the  ritual 
in  most  parts  of  ancient  Europe,  was  greatly 
concerned  with  the  fruits  of  the  earth,  and  that 
an  agricultural  or  pastoral  community  was  sure 
to  invest  its  deity  with  agricultural  or  pastoral 
functions  ;  but  quite  another  thing  to  maintain 
that  the  deity  sprang  directly  from  the  tree  or 
the  cornstalk.  I  believe  on  the  evidence  of 
the  facts  that  '  vegetation-ritual '  was  more  pre- 
valent than  thunder-ritual  or  sun-worship  or 
dawn-worship  in  ancient  Greece.  And  the 
theories  of  tree-worship  and  totemism  may  un- 
lock many  of  the  mysteries  of  primitive  cult. 
But,  as  your  reviewer  says,  no  single  clue  is 
sufficient ;  and  it  is  the  exaggerated  adherence 
to  single  principles  of  explanation  that  gives  the 
reactionary  critic  his  opportunity." 

A  committee  of  those  concerned  in  secondary 
education  in  Liverpool  and  the  district  has 
been  formed  with  the  purpose  of  watching  over 
the  interests  of  secondary  schools  in  view  of 
forthcoming  educational  legislation.  Prin- 
cipal Kendall  is  president,  Mr.  W.  S.  Con- 
nacher,  of  the  Birkenhead  Institute,  is 
treasurer,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  H.  de  B. 
Gibbins  has  become  secretary. 

The  Canadian  Bookseller,  the  organ  of  the 
little  knot  of  Canadians  who  wish  to  enrich 
themselves  at  the  expense  of  the  British 
author  and  therefore  call  themselves  "  the 
people  of  Canada,"  complains  that  Canadian 
booksellers  must  obtain  copies  of  Anthony 
Hope's  '  Phroso '  from  the  United  States. 
We  fail  to  see  tho  grievance  Tho  author 
derives  a  profit  from  the  sale,  and  the 
Canadian    public    obtain   the    book    at    a 


lower  price  than  they  could  get  it  from 
London.  The  only  persons  injured  are 
those  who  would  like  to  reprint  the  novelist's 
work  without  paying  him  adequately. 

The  erudite  Prof.  Michael  Bernays,  born 
in  1834,  died  on  the  25th  ult.  at  Karlsruhe. 
He  was  brother  of  the  celebrated  classical 
scholar  Jakob  Bernays,  and  occupied  the 
Chair  of  Literary  History  at  Munich  from 
1873  to  1890.  Dr.  Bernays  was  the  author 
of  several  valuable  works  on  Goethe  and 
Shakspeare,  and  in  1895  he  issued  the  first 
volume  of  his  '  Schriften  zur  Kritik  und 
Litteraturgeschichte,'  which  shows  his 
intimate  acquaintance  with  English  and 
French  literature.  The  second  volume  was 
to  have  appeared  last  autumn,  and  it  is  to 
be  hoped  that  he  was  able  to  complete  it. 

On  the  25th  of  this  month  Italy  cele- 
brates the  first  centenary  of  the  birth  of  her 
greatest  philosopher  of  modern  days,  Antonio 
Rosmini.  In  addition  to  the  usual  unveil- 
ing of  statues  and  commemorative  meetings 
and  speeches,  a  new  and  complete  edition  of 
the  whole  of  his  voluminous  writings  will 
be  issued.  A  special  volume,  containing  an 
abstract  of  his  general  teaching,  together 
with  an  estimate  of  his  character  as  states- 
man, social  reformer,  and  philosopher,  from 
the  pens  of  about  twenty  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished living  Italian  writers,  is  already 
in  the  press,  and  will  appear  shortly. 
Though  Rosmini  has  a  large  and  en- 
thusiastic body  of  admirers  and  dis- 
ciples in  Italy,  Germany,  and  France, 
he  is  known  to  English  readers  only 
by  his  'Origin  of  Ideas,'  'Psychology,' 
and  'The  Ruling  Principle  of  Education.' 
The  influence  of  his  writings  and  of  his 
lofty  character  upon  the  "  Risorgimento  " 
entitles  him  to  an  honourable  place  in  con- 
temporary Italian  history.  His  philo- 
sophical opinions  and  his  liberal  views  on 
ecclesiastical  matters  procured  for  him  the 
opposition  of  the  extreme  Ultramontanes, 
and  the  Civiltd  Cattolica  still  continues  to 
attack  his  writings,  and  is  at  present  exert- 
ing itself  to  bring  discredit  upon  the  prime 
movers  of  the  centenary  celebrations. 

At  the  Readers'  Dinner  this  evening, 
under  the  presidency  of  Lord  Glenesk,  the 
guests  will  include  three  chairmen  of 
previous  gatherings  of  the  Correctors  of  the 
preS8 — Mr.  F.  Macmillan,  Mr.  Joseph 
Knight,  and  Mr.  L.  IJpcott  Gill.  Mr. 
Sidney  Lee  will  also  be  present.  Among 
those  "who  have  sent  donations  are  the  Earl 
of  Desart,  Sir  Edward  Lawson,  and  Sir 
Douglas  Straight,  Mr.  Ashby-Sterry,  Mr. 
Knight  Clowes,  Mr.  H.  A.  Jones,  Mr. 
Algernon  Locker,  Mr.  C.  J.  Longman, 
Mr.  H.  W.  Lucy,  Mr.  James  Payn,  Mr. 
Compton  Rickett,  M.P.,  Mr.  Leslio  Stephen, 
Mr.  Stanley  Weyman,  Dr.  Aldis  Wright, 
and  the  proprietors  of  the  Daily  Chronicle. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  most 
general  interest  this  week  are  Education — 
Code  of  Regulations  for  Day  Schools  (Go7.), 
Revised  Instructions  to  Her  Majesty's  In- 
spectors (5(/.),  and  Return  of  Standards  of 
Exemption  in  various  Board  Schools  (Id.) ; 
University  of  Edinburgh,  Report  as  to 
Statistics  (2d.) ;  and  a  Statement  showing 
the  Production  and  Consumption  of  Coal, 
and  the  Number  of  Persons  employed  in 
Coal  Production,  in  tho  Principal  Countries 
of  tho  World,  1883-1895  (Gd.). 


318 


T  II  E     ATI!  KN\i:  0  M 


N  3619,  Mari  ii  6,  '97 


SCIENCE 


[(   \i     in  KB  \  "i  I 

77i.    Ctini'i  /./.,,     .\,it:i,.r     History.-   Wormt, 

tiotiferi,     '«<(•/     /'■  i.        i  M  EM  null. ill   A     ( '".  )        III 

absolute  contrast  to  Prof.  Lao  '  I  Lt-Book' 
stands  this  second  volume  o!  the  'Cambridge 
Natural  History':  the  former  is  an  academic 
study  in  the  severest  anatomy,  the  latter  essen- 
tially a  "natural  history,"  a  guide  bo  outdoor 
work,  in  which  external  morphology,  systematic 
classification,  life-history,  and  bionomics  are  the 

main  features.  Until  lately,  with  the  develop- 
ment <>f  zoology  as  an  examination  subject,  the 
old  type  of  "naturalist"  hade  fair  to  become 
extinct  in  England,  and  outdoor  work  of  every 
kind  (other  than  entomology)  tended  to  pass 
into  the  hands  of  amateurs,  who  lacked  the 
general  knowledge  necessary  to  make  their 
observations  effective.  There  are  now,  for- 
tunately, symptoms  of  a  revival  of  interest  in 
invertebrate  natural  history,  the  credit  for 
which  is  due  in  great  measure  to  the  Marine 
Biological  Association  in  opening  the  Plymouth 
Laboratory.  In  the  course  of  last  summer,  for 
instance,  to  our  knowledge  three  parties  of  uni- 
versity students  spent  more  than  a  mouth  in  the 
study  of  marine  zoology  at  different  points  on 
the  coastline,  in  addition  to  the  workers  at  the 
Plymouth  and  Port  Erin  stations.  If  the  bio- 
logical stations  lately  suggested  for  Windermere 
and  the  Norfolk  Broads  were  started,  a  similar 
revival  of  interest  in  freshwater  life  would 
doubtless  follow.  In  such  outdoor  work  the 
volume  before  us  will  prove  most  useful,  and  on 
internal  evidence  five  out  of  the  seven  contri- 
butors appear  to  have  worked  at  the  Plymouth 
Laboratory.  The  sections  of  the  volume  have 
been  distributed  as  follows :  Flatworms  and 
Mesozoa  (Mr.  Gamble),  Nemertina  (Miss  Shel- 
don), Nematoda,  Chietognatha,  Gephyrea,  and 
Phoronis  (Mr.  Shipley),  Polychueta  (Dr.  Ben- 
ham),  01igoch:eta  and  Hirudinea  (Mr.  Beddard), 
Polyzoa  (Mr.  Harmer),  Rotifera  (Prof.  Hartog). 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  point  out  that  most  of 
the  contributors  have  been  selected  as  autho- 
rities on  their  special  groups.  The  work  has 
been  so  well  done  on  the  whole  that  it  would 
be  ungracious  to  call  attention  to  minor  slips, 
the  more  so  since  it  really  marks  a  new  de- 
parture among  invertebrate  handbooks.  We 
hope  that  it  may  help  to  stimulate  the  younger 
school  of  zoologists  to  study  organic  life  under 
natural  conditions,  not  content  with  those 
deformed  caricatures  of  animals  which  are 
presented  to  them  for  laboratory  dissection. 
Great  praise  is  due  to  the  publishers  for  the 
handsome  volume  and  capital  illustrations. 

Life  in  Ponds  and  Streams.  By  W.  Furneaux, 
F.R.G.S.  (Longmans  &  Co.)— A  zoologist  is 
often  asked  to  recommend  a  guide-book  to  a 
boy  with  a  taste  for  outdoor  natural  history,  and 
feels  great  difliculty  in  selecting  a  work  not  too 
dry,  but  with  some  pretensions  to  accuracy. 
Mr.  Furneaux  writes  with  the  authority  of  the 
habitual  collector,  and  his  book,  if  not  always 
scientifically  accurate,  is  unusually  so  for  a  work 
of  this  kind.  It  is  not  the  ideal  book,  but  it 
maybe  recommended.  The  general  introduction 
is  the  weakest  part,  and  should  be  revised  by  a 
professed  zoologist.  In  a  future  edition  reference 
should  be  made  to  tho  encysted  condition  in 
which  Protozoa  are  so  often  found  in  pools  ;  the 
description  of  the  reproduction  of  Vorticella 
(p.  105),  the  account  of  pearls  (p.  166)  and  of 
the  self-amputation  of  Astacus  (p.  VM),  should 
be  carefully  corrected.  It  seems  to  us  a  pity 
that  the  author  lias  almost  entirely  .avoided  any 
account  of  sexual  reproduction.  On  the  prac- 
tical side  attention  should  be  called  to  the  often 
fatal  effects  of  water-companies'  water  on  micro- 
scopic animals,  to  the  great  value  of  the  tow-net 
as  an  engine  of  capture,  and  to  the  immense 
superiority  of  formalin  over  alcohol  for  the  pre- 
servation of  specimens  for  the  young  collector's 


•  u  in .       Many  of   the    illils.tr.it  ions   (<.</.,  that 

of  Euglena,  Bg.  Dl)  might  be  considerably  im- 
proved. 

/   Big  '"(//i< .     By  Rowland  Ward. 

(Ward    &    Co.)     In    bo    far    as    *'  science    is 

measurement  "   Mr.    Rowland    Ward   is  to  be 

rratulated  on   the  appearance  of  s  second 

edition  (though  the  title*]  not  say  so) 

of  his  '  Records.'  The  chief  value  of  the  book 
lies  in  the  measurements  that  it  gives  of  the 
horns  of  big  game,  and  we  recommend  a  copy 
of  it  to  i\tvy  smoking  room  in  which  hunters 
with  their  "  tall  stories"  congregate.  Its  other 
claims  to  scientific  value  are  not  great. 


SOCIETIES. 
Koyai..  —  Fib.  25.— The  President  in  the  chair.— 
The  following  papers  were  read:  'Note  on  the 
Dielectric  Constant  of  Ice  and  Alcohol  at  very 
Low  Temperatures,'  by  Profe.  Dewar  and  Flem- 
ing.—  'On  the  Relation  between  Magnetic  Stress 
ami  Magnetic  Deformation  in  Nickel,'  by  Dr. 
B.  'J'.  Jones,  —  'On  the  Relations  between  the 
Cerebellar  and  other  Centres  (namely,  Cerebral  aud 
Spinal),  with  Especial  Reference  to  the  Action  of 
Antagonistic  Muscles,  Preliminary  Account,'  by 
Dr.  M.  Lowenthal  and  Prof.  Horsley, — 'On  the 
Action  of  Light  on  Diastase,  and  its  Biological 
Significance,'  by  Prof.  J.  It.  Green, — and  'Frag- 
mentation in  Linens  gcsseraisis,'  by  Mr.  A.  Brown. 


LlNUEAN.— Feb.  18.— Dr.  D.  H.  Scott,  V.P.,  in  the 
chair.— Sir  \V.  Roberts,  Mr.  J.  M.  Lowson,  and  Mr. 
\V.  H.  Betts  were  admitted,  and  the  Hon.  C.  Ellis 
and  Mr.  G.  E.  Lodge  were  elected  Fellows.— Mr. 
J.  E.  Halting  exhibited  under  a  glass  case  the  nest 
of  a  wren  built  of  moss  in  the  dried  body  of  a  rook 
which  had  been  hung  up  as  a  scarecrow  in  Glouces- 
tershire. Similar  instances  of  the  kind  had  been 
recorded  ('  Essex  Nat ,'  ii.  205  and  iii.  25).  The  nest 
of  a  swallow  in  the  dead  body  of  an  owl  was  men- 
tioned by  Gilbert  White,  and  other  cases  had  been 
collected  by  a  former  president  of  the  Society 
(Bishop  Stanley).  For  instances  of  nests  of  the 
hoopoe  placed  in  the  desiccated  bodies  of  anburied 
men,  he  referred  to  the  experience  of  Pallas  in 
Russia  and  of  Swinhoe  in  China. — On  behalf  of  Mr. 
D.  T.  G.  Vaughan,  Dr.  D.  H.  Scott  gave  the  sub- 
stance of  a  paper  '  On  the  Morphology  and  Anatomy 
of  Certain  N)  mphamceae.'  Dealing  first  with  the 
embryonic  leaves,  he  showed,  by  the  aid  of  lanteru- 
slides,  a  series  of  transitional  forms  between  the 
earliest  leaf,  which  is  acicular,  and  those  of  the 
mature  plant.  As  regards  the  vascular  system, 
the  whole  central  region  of  the  rhizome  in  Victoria 
regia  was  shown  to  be  permeated  by  a  number  of 
separate  bundles  irregularly  anastomosing  ;  the  more 
peripheral  bundles  appearing  to  be  arranged  in  a 
definite  manner,  forming  a  limiting  zone,  the  outer- 
most phloem-strands  of  which  run  not  in  a  ver- 
tical, but  in  an  obliquely  horizontal  direction.  In 
Nymphaja  aud  other  genera  the  vascular  system  is 
not  limited  by  such  a  peripheral  zone.  Nothing 
corresponding  to  a  plerome  could  be  distinguished 
in  the  apex  of  the  mature  rhizome  of  Nymphsea  or 
of  the  tloating  shoots  of  Cabomba  aquatica.  In 
those  species  of  Victoria,  Nymphsea,  and  Nuphar 
which  were  examined,  and  also  in  Cabomba 
aquatica  and  Aclumbium  gpeeiosum,  the  adventi- 
tious roots  do  not  arise  indiscriminately  upon  the 
vascular  bundles  scattered  in  the  ground-tissue  of 
the  rhizome,  but  are  borne  upon  some  which  appear 
to  be  specially  set  apart  for  that  purpose,  and  form 
a  structure  essentially  similar  to  a  stele,  which 
reaches  the  greatest  perfection  in  Victoria  regia. 
In  species  of  Nymphsea  which  produce  many  roots 
at  each  leaf-base  the  root-bearing  stele  is  perfectly 
constituted,  but  in  others,  and  in  Nuphar,  the  vas- 
cular  bundles  are  few  iu  number,  aud  are  not 
arranged  with  sufficient  regularity  to  constitute  a 
stele,  although  they  bear  exclusively  the  adven- 
titious roots.  In  Aclumbium  tpeoiotum  the  seedling 
was  shown  to  be  remarkable  on  account  of  the 
complete  abortion  of  the  primary  root,  and  also  on 
account  of  the  complexity  exhibited  by  the  vascular 
system  in  the  earliest  or  epicoty h  donary  internode. 
lhe  rhizomes  of  Nympheea  flat*  and  JV.  tvberota 

bear  a  number  of  small  tubers  on  stalks,  or  stolons, 
of  varying  length,  wherein  the  vascular  Bystem 
exhibits  a  polystclie  arrangement,  the  bundles  being 

grouped  around  three  to  five  different  centres  to 

form  so  many  steles,  consisting  of  three  or  four 
bundles  each.  When  the  tuners  which  arc  borne 
at  the  ends  of  these  primary  stolons  germinate,  they 

give  rise  to  a  number  of  narrow  secondary  stolons. 

which  in  turn  produce  new  rhizomes  at  their  ex- 
tremities.— On   these  and    oilier   points  of    interest, 

as  demonstrated  by  Dr.  Scott,  a  discussion  took 
place,   in  which    Prof,  J.   B.  Farmer,  Messrs.  C.  B. 


Clarke,  A.  v7.  Bennett,  and  <-    Mm 

Dr.    Scott    replying     to    the    en!  .).    H.' 

Burrage    read    a    paper  "On    tie 
of  Ere  ilia  ipicata,  Moq.'    He  ebowed,  with  tb< 
of  lanti  that  the 

developed    endogenoiuly    lmmediat<  I) 
axil-  ol  the  leaves,  and  that  •  of  a 

chyme  with  a  central  plate  of  trochoids 
in  connexion  with  the  bundles  of  the  *tem  al 
base  of  the  disc.     It  appean  . 

force  tleir  way  into  the  crevicts  of  the  support 
are  formed  from  a  ppecial  layer  of  columnar  cells 
beneath  the  epidermis,  resulting  in  the  exfoliation 
of  the  latter.  After  a  time  the  walls  of  the  cells  in 
the  external  layers  of  the  discs  become  suberi. 
a  periderm  being  eventually  formed  from  a 
cambium  just  outside  the  va»  ar  plate.  It  was 
further  shown  that  while  absolute  contact  was 
neces.-ary  for  complete  development,  discs  of  various 
sizes    might  occur  some  distance  from  the  support, 

ibly  stimulated  to  growth  by  a  moist  envil 
ment.  It  was  found  that  a  few  discs  gave  rise  to 
small  roots,  and  as  the  walls  of  the  cortical  cells 
were  invariably  suberized,  they  could  riot  act  in  a 
normal  manner.  While  there  was  to  evident' 
show  that  they  were  anything  but  climbing  organ;, 
a  comparison  with  parasitic  tucker.-,  such  as  those 
of  Cuscuta,  suggested  the  possibility  that  the  discs 
were  not  far  removed  from  acting  parasitic&lly.— 
The  paper  was  criticized  bv  Prof.  Farmer  and  Dr. 
D.  H.  Scott.         ' 

Institution  or  Civil  ENGINE) irs.— March  2.— 
Mr.  J.  Wolfe  Barry,  President,  iu  the  chair.— It  was 
announced  that  ten  Associate  Members  had  been 
transferred  to  the  class  of  Members,  and  that 
twenty-one  candidates  had  been  admitted  as 
Students.  —  The  monthly  ballot  resulted  in  tho 
election  of  one  Member,  fort\-four  Associate 
Members,  and  three  Associates. 


Royal  Institution. —March  1.— Sir  J.Crichton- 

Browue,  Treas.  and  V.P.,  in  the  chair.— The  follow- 
ing were  elected  Members  :  Mrs.  T.  Collier,  Mrs.  H. 
Edmunds,  Mrs.  G.  King,  Mrs.  A.  D.  Waller,  Mrs. 
J.  L.  Walton,  Major  C.  T.  Blewitt,  Col.  G.  Sartorius, 
Dr.  F.  Hewitt.  Dr.  W.  R.  Smith.  Lev.  J.  D.  Parker, 
Messrs.  F.  J.  Beaumont,  J.  F.  L.  Bruuner,  J.  Cadett, 
J.  C.  Carter,  J.  Cohen,  J.  G.  Craggs,  1.  I  oualdson, 
H.  Edmunds,  G.  S.Elliot.  W.A.Frost,  W.  I.Garnett, 
H.  A.  Barben,  F.  W.  Hildyard,  H.  Leitner,  E.  M. 
Preston,  J.  M.  Richards,  F.  H.  Schwann,  H.  A.  Stern, 
C.  J.  Stewart,  aud  G.  L.  Stewart. 


Society  of  Arts.— March  1.— Mr.  Cross  de- 
livered the  concludiug  lecture  of  his  course  of 
Cantor  Lectures  '  On  the  Industrial  Uses  of 
Cellulose.' 

March  2. — Mr.  H.  Stannus  in  the  chair. — A  paper 
'On  Gesso'  was  read  by  Mr.  M.  Webb  before  the 
Applied  Art  Section,  and  was  illustrated  by  lantern- 
slides  and  by  a  practical  demonstration  of  the 
process. 

March  3. — Frof.  Thiselton  Dyer  iu  the  chair. — A 
paper  'On  English  Orchards'  was  read  by  Mr.  G. 
Gordon,  and  was  followed  by  a  discussion. 


Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology  — March  2. 
— Sir  P.  Le  Page  Keuouf,  President,  iu  the  chair. — 
A  paper  by  the  late  Dr.  Grant-Bey.  '  The  Climate  of 
Kgvpt  in  Geological,  Prehistoric,  aud  Ancient  His- 
toric Times,'  was  read. 


Society  of  Engineers. —  March  1.— Mr.  G.  M. 
I.awford,  President,  in  the  chair. — A  paper  was 
read  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Barber,  entitled  'Notes  on  the 
Proposed  By-Laws  of  the  London  County  Council 
with  respect  to  House  Drainage.1 

Aristotelian.— 7W'.  22. —  Mr.  B.  Bosanquet, 
President,  in  the  chair.  —  Mr.  J.  B.  Askew  was 
elected  a  Member. — A  resolution  expressing  the 
regret  of  the  Society  at  the  loss  by  death  of  Prof. 
W.  Wallace  was  unauimously  adopted. — Mr.  L.  T. 
llobhouse  read  a  paper  '  On  some  Problems  of  Con- 
ception.' General  conception  is  based  upon  a  com- 
plex experience  of  resemblance  in  the  world  of 
perception,  involving  analysis  aud  comparison  rather 
than  mere  abstraction.  Theories  of  conception  are 
generally  based  on  a  part  rather  than  the  whole  of 
this  experience,  and  lay  undue  stress  on  iustances 
of  some  special  type.  In  fact, there  are  two  well- 
marked  species  of  generality  —  the  first,  definite, 
self-identical,  aud  unaffected  by  its  context  :  the 
second,  essentially  modifiable  by  its  specific  differ* 
enthe.  The  distinction  tends  to  coincide  with  that 
between  inliina  species  and  higher  genera.  Aud  the 
more  definite  and  unchanging  conceptions  form 
the  basis  of  "disjunctive"  classification  aud  the 
••  geometrical  method,"  while  the  other  class,  which 
we  may  call  "organic,"  is  the  foundation  of 
"natural"  classification,  the  "concrete  universal" 
of  art.  Finally,  the  element  of  identity  in  the 
"organic"  concept  provides  a  meaning  for  the  con- 


N°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


319 


ceptioa  of  the  "generic  essence."— The  paper  was 
followed  by  a  discussion. 

Physical.— Feb.  26.— Mr.  S.  Bidwell,  President, 
in  the  chair.— Mr.  J.H.Vincent  read  a  paper  Ou 
the  Photography  of  Ripples,'-and  Mr.  Elder  read  a 
paper  by  Mr!  B.  Burnie  'On  the  Thermo-Electric 
Properties  of  some  Liquid  Metals.' 


Mon. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 
Geographical,  8 -'Recent  Discoveries  south  of  Hudson  Bay,' 

Aristotelian.  8  -'Types  of  Will.'  Mr  A.  F  Shand 

Surveyors    Institution,   8.-' Agricultural  Co-operation,   Right 

R"°al  Insti'tuuSn."!-' Animal  Electricity,'  Prof  A  D  Waller 
United    Service    Institution,    3J  -  "lhe   National    btudy    ol 
Military  History.'  Dr  T.  M   Maguire.  ,.„„„„,.„. 

Asiatic,  4 -"I  he  Ruins  of  Dimapiir  in  Assam,' Surgeon-Capt. 

Civil  Engineers  "a  -Further  Discussion  on  '  The  Main  Drainage 
of  London  -  and  '  The  Purification  of  the  1  names.  „„„„„,, 

Huguenot.  s-'The  "  Eikon  Hasilike  "  and  some  French 
Translations  of  It/Bey,  J.  B.  Medley. 

Society  of  Arts,  8. —  'The  Prevention  of  Fires  due  to  the 
Leakage  of  Electricity,'  Mr.  F.  Hathurst 

Geological  8  -Volcanic  Action  in  Guatemala  in  Relation  to 
Earthquakes  in  the  British  Isles,'  Mr.  A.  Gosling;  « 'I*eB«l 
Rocks  near  Bonmahon  on  the  Coast  of  co.  Waterford,  Mr. 
F.  It.  C.  Reed;    'Depth   of  the   Source  of  Lava,   Mr.  J.  L 

;.  Royal  Institution,  3-'Greek  History  and  Extant  Monuments,' 

United  Servic/institution,  3 -'The  Proposed  Naval  College 
at  Dartmouth,'  Commander  W.  H.  Lewin. 

Sowety  of  Arts,  1}.-'  Prevention  of  Famine  in  India,' Sir  C  A. 

Electrical  Engineers,  8, -'On  some  Repairs  to  the  South 
American  Company's  Cable  off  Cape  V  erde,  1893  and  189o,  Mr. 

Mathematical.  8 -'On  a  Law  of  Combination  of  Operators, 
bearing  on  the  Theory  of  Continuous  Transformation  Groups, 
Mr  J    E   Campbell;  ■  A  System  of  Circles  associated  with  a 

Antiquaries,  'si  -  '  Neolithic  Implements  found  in  Worcester- 
shire '  Prof.  Windle;  'Further  Discoveries  at  the  Glaston- 
bury Lake  Village,' Mr  A.  Bulleid 

Phvsi'cal  0  — '  A  Mechanical  Cause  of  Homogeneity  of  Structure 
and  Symmetry  Geometrically  Investigated,  with  Special 
Application  to  Crystals  and  to  Chemical  Combination,   Mr. 

Civil  Engineers,  8. -'The  Inverness  Section  cf  the  Inverness 

and    Aviemore    Railway,'    Mr.    H.    F.    Brand.      (Students 

Meeting  ) 
Astronomical.  8.  _  ,  _,     . 

Royal  Institution,  9. -•  The  Source  of  Light  in  Flames,  Prof. 

a'  Smithelts.  .    .  __,.     .. 

Royal  Institution,  3.— 'Electricity  and  Electrical  Aibrations, 

Lord  Rayleigh. 


gcima  <fxrssi£. 

The  Council  of  the  Senate  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge  recently  agreed  to  propose  a 
grace  to  the  Senate  to  confer  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Science  on  Mr.  Herbert 
Spencer.  Mr.  Spencer,  however,  on  being 
asked  whether  he  would  accept  such  a  degree, 
has  replied,  in  an  appreciative  letter,  that  it  has 
been  his  uniform  practice,  from  which  he  cannot 
depart,  to  decline  honours  of  the  description 
proposed. 

M.  Bossert  has  published  in  the  Bulletin 
Astronomiqv.e  an  ephemeris  of  Swift's  periodical 
comet  at  the  forthcoming  return  ;  but  the 
apparent  place  is  so  near  that  of  the  sun  that 
the  chances  of  seeing  the  comet  are  almost  nil. 
The  perihelion  passage  will  be  due  on  the  4th 
of  June,  when  the  comet  will  be  very  near  the 
Pleiades.  More  hopeful  are  the  prospects  of 
seeing  D'Arrest's  periodical  comet,  which  is  also 
approaching  perihelion,  and  of  which  M.  Leveau 
has  published  an  ephemeris  in  No.  3405  of  the 
Astrono-mischc  Nachrichten.  The  comet  next 
week  will  be  very  near  a  Aquilae. 

FINE    ARTS 


THE   DISCOVERY   OF   BUDDHA'S   BIRTHPLACE. 
Vienna,  February,  1897. 

The  kindness  of  Dr.  Fuhrer  enables  me  to 
give  some  account  of  his  discoveries  in  the 
Nepalese  Terai,  north  of  the  district  of  Gorakh- 
pur,  which  were  briefly  noticed  in  an  Indian 
telegram  of  the  Times  of  December  28th,  1896. 
He  has  sent  mo  two  excellent  impressions  of 
the  new  Ashoka  edict  on  the  pillar  of  Paderia, 
together  with  a  memorandum  regarding  his 
tour  and  the  situation  of  the  ruins  in  its 
neighbourhood. 

Th9  edict  leaves  no  doubt  that  Dr.  Fiihrer 
has  accomplished  all  the  telegram  claimed  for 
him.  He  h:is  found  the  Lumbini  garden,  the 
spot  where  the  founder  of  Buddhism  was  born, 
according  to  the  tradition  of  the  canonical  works 
of  the  South  and  of  the  North.     The  decisive 


passages  of  the  Paderia  Edict  are  as  follows  :  — 
"King  Piyadasi  [or  Ashoka],  beloved  of  the 
gods,  having  been  anointed  twenty  years,  him- 
self   came     and    worshipped,     saying,      'Here 

Buddha    Shakyamuni    was    born' and     he 

caused  a  stone  pillar  to  be  erected,  which 
declares,  '  Here  the  worshipful  one  was  born.'  " 
Immediately  afterwards  the  edict  mentions  the 
village  of  Lummini  (Lurmninigdma),  and  adds, 
according  to  my  interpretation  of  the  rather 
difficult  °new  words,  that  Ashoka  appointed 
there  two  new  officials. 

However  that  may  be,  Lummini  is  certainly 
equivalent  to  Lumbini,  and  the  pillar  marks 
the  site  which  was  pointed  out  to  Ashoka  as  the 
royal  garden  to  which  Mayadevi  retired  im- 
mediately before  her  confinement.  The  evidence 
of  the  edict  could  only  be  set  aside  if  it  were 
shown  that  the  pillar  has  been  carried  from  some 
other  place  to  its  present  site.  But  there  is 
collateral  evidence  to  prove  that  it  is  in  its 
original  position.  The  Chinese  pilgrim  Hiuen 
Tsiang,  who  visited  the  sacred  places  of  the 
Buddhists  all  over  India  and  reached  the  Lum- 
bini garden  in  a.d.  636,  mentions  the  pillar 
erected  by  Ashoka.  He  says  that  it  stood  close 
to  four  Stupas,  and  Dr.  Fuhrer  says  that  their 
ruins  are  still  extant,  Hiuen  Tsiang  further 
alleges  that  the  pillar  had  been  broken  into  two 
pieces  through  the  contrivance  of  a  wicked 
dragon,  and  Dr.  Fiihrer  remarks  that  it  has 
lost  its  top  part,  which  appears  to  have  been 
shattered  by  lightning.  The  Buddhists  con- 
sider destructive  storms  to  be  due  to  the  anger 
of  the  snake-deities  or  Nagas,  whom  the  Chinese 
call  dragons.  If  Hiuen  Tsiang  does  not  mention 
the  inscription,  the  reason  is  no  doubt  that  it 
was  not  visible  in  his  time.  When  Dr.  Fuhrer 
first  saw  the  pillar  on  December  1st,  only  a 
piece,  9  feet  high,  was  above  the  ground, 
and  it  was  covered  with  pilgrims'  records,  one 
of  which  bears  the  date  a.d.  800.  This  piece 
must,  therefore,  have  been  accessible,  and  the 
surface  of  the  ground  must  have  been  at  the 
present  level,  for  nearly  1,100  years.  When 
the  excavation  of  the  pillar  was  afterwards 
undertaken,  the  Ashoka  inscription  was  found 
10  feet  below  the  surface  and  6  feet  above 
the  base.  It  seems  impossible  to  believe  that 
10  feet  of  debris  could  have  accumulated  in 
the  sixty-four  years  between  the  date  of  Hiuen 
Tsiang's  visit  and  the  incision  of  the  oldest 
pilgrim's  record  at  the  top.  Finally,  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  the  site  is  still  called  Rumindei, 
and  the  first  part  of  this  name  evidently 
represents  Ashoka's  Lummini  and  the  Pali 
Lumbini. 

The  identiBcation  of  the  Lumbini  garden  fixed 
also  the  site  of  Kapilavastu,  the  capital  of  the 
Shakyas,  and  that  of  Napeikia  or  Nabhika,  the 
supposed  birthplace  of  Shakyamuni's  mythical 
predecessor  Krakuchanda.  According  to  the 
Chinese  Buddhist  Fahien,  Hiuen  Tsiang's  pre- 
decessor, Kapilavastu  lay  50  li  (about  8  miles) 
west  of  the  garden.  Following  this  indica- 
tion, Dr.  Fuhrer  discovered  extensive  ruins  8 
miles  north-west  of  Paderia,  stretching  in  the 
middle  of  the  forest  from  the  villages  of  Amauli 
and  Bikuli  (north-west)  to  Ramghat  on  the 
Banganga  (south-east),  over  nearly  7  miles. 
Again,  Fahien  gives  the  distance  of  Napeikia 
from  Kapilavastu  as  one  yojnna.  Dr.  Fiihrer 
found  its  ruins  with  the  Stupa,  which  is  still 
80  feet  high,  7  miles  south-west.  As  the  Stupa 
of  Konagamana,  another  mythical  Buddha,  had 
already  been  found  by  Dr.  Fuhrer,  together 
with  its  Ashoka  edict,  in  1895,  at  Nigliva, 
13  miles  from  Paderia,  all  the  sacred  sites  in  the 
western  part  of  the  Nepalese  Terai  mentioned 
by  the  Chinese  pilgrims  have  been  satisfactorily 
identified.  Some  others,  particularly  Rama- 
grama  and  Kusinara,  the  place  whore  Buddha 
died,  will  probably  be  found  in  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  Nepalese  lowlands.  For,  if  the 
direction  of  the  route  from  Kapilavastu  to  these 
places  has  been  correctly  given  by  the  Chinese, 
Kusinara  cannot  be  identical  with  Kasia  in  the 


Gorakhpur  district,  where  Sir  A.  Cunningham 
and  Mr.  Carlleyle  believed  they  had  found  it. 

Dr.  Fiihrer's  discoveries  are  the  most  import- 
ant which  have  been  made  for  many  years. 
They  will  be  hailed  with  enthusiasm  by  the 
Buddhists  of  India,  Ceylon,  and  the  Far  East. 
For  the  student  of  Indian  history  they  yield 
already  some  valuable  results  and  they  are  rich 
in  promise. 

It  is  now  evident  that  the  kingdom  of  the 
Shakyas  lay,  as  their  legend  asserts,  on  the 
slopes  of  the  Himalaya,  and  that  they  were,  as 
they  too  admit,  jungle  and  hill  Rajputs  exiled 
from  the  more  civilized  districts.  Their  settle- 
ment in  the  hill-forest  must  have  separated 
them  for  a  prolonged  period  from  their  brethren 
further  south  and  west.  Their  isolation  no 
doubt  forced  them  to  develope  the  entirely  un- 
Aryan  and  un-Indian  custom  of  endogamy  as 
well  as  other  habits  not  in  accordance  with  those 
of  their  kindred.  This  also  explains  why  inter- 
marriages between  them  and  the  other  noble 
families  of  Northern  India  did  not  take  place. 
It  was  not,  as  their  tradition  says,  their  pride  of 
blood  which  prevented  such  alliances,  but  the 
stigma  attaching  to  exiles  who  had  departed 
from  the  customs  of  their  race,  and  were  perhaps 
not  even  free  from  a  strong  admixture  of  un- 
Aryan  blood. 

For  the  history  of  Ashoka,  the  Paderia  Edict 
and  the  Nigliva  inscription,  the  mutilated  lines 
of  which  may  now  be  restored  with  perfect 
certainty,  teach  us  that  the  king  visited  in  his 
twenty-first  year  the  sacred  places  of  the  Bud- 
dhists in  Northern  India.  His  journey  extended 
probably  also  in  the  east  to  Kusinara,  and  further 
west  to  Shravasti,  where  Hiuen  Tsiang  saw  his 
inscribed  pillars.  And  his  route  from  his  capital 
at  Patna  to  the  Terai  is  probably  marked  by  the 
row  of  columns  found  from  Bakhra,  near 
Vaishali  or  Besarh,  as  far  as  Rampurva,  in  the 
Champaran  district.  The  journey  may  indicate 
that  Ashoka  was  at  the  time  already  a  convert 
to  Buddhism,  or  it  may  have  been,  as  I  think 
more  probable,  one  of  the  "religious  tours" 
which,  according  to  the  eighth  Rock  Edict,  he 
regularly  undertook  from  his  eleventh  year  "  in 
order  to  obtain  enlightenment." 

The  fact  that  he  planted  a  number  of  pillars 
all  over  the  Terai  indicates  that  also  this 
district  belonged  then  to  his  extensive  empire. 
If  I  am  right  in  my  interpretation  of  the  con- 
cluding sentence  of  the  Paderia  Edict,  according 
to  which  Ashoka  appointed  there  two  officials, 
this  inference  becomes  indisputable. 

The  promise  which  Dr.  Fiihrer's  discoveries 
hold  out  is  that  excavations  of  the  newly  found 
ruins  will  make  us  acquainted  with  monuments 
and  documents  not  only  of  the  third  century  B.C., 
but  of  a  much  earlier  period,  extending  to  the 
fifth  and  sixth  centuries,  which  latter  will  be 
partly  Buddhistic  and  partly  pre-Buddhistic, 
like  the  ancient  Shiva  temple  seen  by  Hiuen 
Tsiang  ('Siyuki,'  vol.  ii.  p.  23,  Beal)  outside 
the  eastern  gate  of  Kapilavastu,  where  the 
Shakyas  used  to  present  their  children.  Kapila- 
vastu and  its  neighbourhood  are  particularly 
favourable  for  the  discovery  of  really  ancient 
monuments  ;  for  in  Fahien's  time,  about 
a.d.  400,  the  country  was  already  a  wilderness 
with  very  few  inhabitants  and  full  of  ancient 
mounds  and  ruins.  Hiuen  Tsiang's  description 
is  very  similar.  It  is  therefore  to  be  expected 
that  the  old  buildings  have  not  been  disfigured 
by  late  restorations.  I  am  glad  to  learn  from 
Dr.  Fiihrer's  memorandum  that  the  Nepalese 
Governor  of  the  district,  General  Khadga 
Shamsher  Jang  Rana  Bahadur,  who  had  the 
pillar  of  Paderia  excavated,  but  did  not  think 
any  other  operations  feasible  on  account  of  the 
severe  famine,  has  generously  promised  to  lend 
next  year  a  number  of  his  sappers  for  more 
extensive  excavations.  1  trust  that  the  Indian 
Government  will  now  consent  to  prolong  tbe 
existence  of  the  Archaeological  Department, 
which,  if  the  rumours  in  the  papers  are  true, 
was   recently  threatened.     The  services  of  the 


:;■•() 


T  II  K     A  Til  KX;KUM 


X  3619,  Makcb  0,  '97 


fen  officers  .still  employed  ere  sorely  Deeded  f<>r 
oond noting  the  reeeerooes  in  ;i  really  systematic 
and  scientific  manner.  (;.  Hi  axea. 


Ml      . 

Mkssus.    Chkistik,    HsjiSOB    A     WOOM    sold 

on  the  27th  alt  the  following,  from  the  collec- 
tion of  the  late  Mr.  W.  Brockbank.  Drawings  : 
B.  Bolomon,  The  Grievous  Drought,  ;tl/.     F.  .1. 

Sim-Ids,  The  Bread  -  Watcher,  27/.  II.  C. 
Whaite,    The    Rainbow,    (JD/.  ;    Cynicht,    the 

Bfatterhorn  of  Wales,  -15/.  D.  G.  Rossetti, 
Head  of  a  Girl,  47/.  Ford  Madox  Brown,  The 
Nosegay,  361.  SirE.  Burne- Jones,  The  Triuinj-li 
of  Love  (four  drawings  in  one  frame),  189/.  \\  . 
Hoi  man  Hunt,  The  (ireat  Pyramid,  G3Z.  Sir 
J.  K.  Millais,  The  Disentombment  of  Queen 
Matilda,  54/.  Sir  E.  J.  Poynter,  Endymion, 
28/. ;  Falls  of  the  Llugwy,  Bettws-y-Coed,  27/. ; 
The  Gardens,  Wharncliffe  Hall,  54/.;  Hard  raw 
Force,  37/.  ;  Joseph  and  his  Brethren,  115/.; 
Poetry,  54/.  J.  Ruskin,  Venice,  52/.  Pic- 
tures :  H.  C.  Whaite,  The  Afterglow,  105/. 
Ford  Madox  Brown,  The  Coat  of  Many  Colours, 
105/.  ;  Cromwell  on  his  Farm,  168/.  Sir  E.  J. 
Poynter,  A  Suppliant  to  Venus,  189/.  ;  Offer- 
ings to  Isis,  1G8Z. 

The  following  were  from  different  properties. 
Drawing :  A.  Mauve,  A  Meadow,  with  two 
cows  and  ducks,  102/.  Pictures  :  M.  Munkacsy, 
A  Love  Song,  294/.  J.  Israels,  Women  Net- 
making  at  Scheveningen,  420/.  E.  Detaille, 
The  Fishermen,  two  soldiers  on  the  bank  of  a 
river,  252/.  A.  Schreyer,  Cannon  Shot,  Retreat 
before  Kashbar,  378/. 

The  same  auctioneers  sold  on  the  1st  inst.  the 
following  picture  :  Prof.  C.  Cherici,  A  Fright- 
ful State  of  Affairs,  155/. 


& int-Qxt  (frrssijr. 

The  private  view  of  the  Painter-Etchers'  Ex- 
hibition is  appointed  for  to-day  (Saturday).  The 
public  may  see  it  on  and  after  Monday  next. 

All  Mr.  Hook's  friends  will  condole  with  him 
on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Hook.  After  an  illness 
of  some  duration  she  passed  peacefully  away 
at  Silverbeck  on  the  evening  of  Saturday  last. 
A  biographer  of  Mr.  Hook,  describing  his  success 
in  winning  in  1846  the  Travelling  Studentship 
in  the  Royal  Academy  (he  had  gained  the  Gold 
Medal  for  Painting  in  1845),  said  :— 

"  Previous  to  the  contest  he  had  engaged  himself 
to  marry  Rosalie,  the  third  daughter  of  Mr.  James 
Burton,  a  well-known  London  solicitor;  a  young 
lady  of  exceptional  worth  and  many  charms  herself 
a  zealous  artist  of  considerable  skill,  which,  absorbed 
in  domestic  and  affectionate  duties,  since  her  mar- 
riage she  has  been  content  to  let  remain  in  abeyance 
It  was  determined  that  if  Hook  got  the  Travelling 
Studentship  he  should,  with  all  convenient  speed 
get  a  wife  also,  and  that  the  pair  should  go  to  Italy 
for  their  wedding  trip." 

They  were  married  on  August  13th,  1846.  Thus 
it  happened  that  just  seven  months  ago  their 
golden  wedding  came  about.  The  lady  was 
her  husband's  constant  companion,  and  went 
wherever  he  went.  They  were  never  parted 
for  many  days  at  a  time,  although  the  painter's 
studies  took  him  to  Norway,  Scotland,  Holland, 
France,  a  second  time  to  Italy,  repeatedly  to 
Wales,  Sark,  and  Shetland,  besides  a  score  of 
places  in  England.  Through  all  these  years 
she  was  his  companion  in  the  truest  sense, 
and,  on  her  own  account  as  well  as  his,  much 
loved  and  honoured  by  all  who  knew  her.  It 
may  be  added  that,  in  his  early  paintings  of 
Venetian  subjects,  and  in  one  or  more  of  his 
etchings,  she  was  several  times  introduced,  both 
alone  and  in  company  with  one  or  the  other 
of  her  sons,  both  of  whom  are  now  well-known 
painters. 

The  merits  and  characteristic  qualities  of  Du 
Maurier's  wit  and  art  being  perfectly  well 
known,  it  is  not  necessary  for  us  to  say  more 
about  the  two  hundred  and  eighteen  of  his  ori- 
ginal drawings   now  in  the  Fine-Art  Society's 


rooms  i ban  that  when  we  h*ve  began  t<>  study 

them  it  is  extremely  dillicult  to  leave  them. 
Tin:  project  of  an  exhibition  of  A.  \V.  Hunt's 

drawings  at  Liverpool,  of  which  we  mad.!  men- 
tion, is  lo  lie  earned  out  when  the  exhibition  of 
the  Burlington  Fine-Arts  Club  closes.  Owners 
will  confer  a  favour  by  communicating  with  the 
secretary  of  the  Walker  Art  Gallery,  where  the 
exhibition  is  to  be  held. 

An  incident  analogous  to  the  presentation 
of  an  address  to  Mr.  Watts  on  his  eightieth 
birthday,  which  we  mentioned  last  week— and 
obvious  reasons  prevented  our  mentioning  it 
sooner — occurred  when  a  number  of  artists 
subscribed  for  and  presented  to  Maclise  a  gold 
portcrayon.  The  occasion  was  the  completion 
of  the  picture  now  in  the  Royal  Gallery  at 
Westminster,  representing  '  The  Interview 
between  Wellington  and  Blueher  after  Waterloo.' 

Mr.  Sargent's  three -quarters -length,  life- 
size  portrait  of  Coventry  Patmore,  No.  172  in 
the  Academy  Exhibition,  1895,  which,  as  we 
have  already  stated,  was  offered  by  the  poet's 
widow  to  the  Trustees  of  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery,  has  been  accepted  by  them,  and  will 
shortly  be  hung  at  St.  Martin's  Place. 

Dr.  Garnett  reminds  us  that  on  the  20th 
ult.,  when  describing  Leighton's  'Jealousy  of 
Simoetha  the  Sorceress,'  No.  33  at  the  Academy, 
we  spoke  of  the  bird  represented  on  the  wheel 
behind  the  seated  Simcetha  as  a  dove,  whereas 
we  should  have  called  it  a  wryneck.  The  tem- 
porary failure  of  memory  is  not  the  less  to  be 
regretted  in  this  case  because,  although  the  bird 
is  not  distinctly  represented  in  the  picture, 
we  had,  when  describing  the  work  when  it  was 
on  Leighton's  easel,  January  15th,  1887  (A then. 
No.  3090,  p.  104,  col.  2),  written  of  Simo-tha  : 
"  She  has  turned  from  the  apparatus  of  enchant- 
ment to  which  she  has  had  recourse,  and  which 
lies  on  our  right  of  the  picture  and  includes  the 
wheel,  on  which  the  wryneck  is  nailed." 

Near  Cologna  Veneta,  in  North  Italy,  some 
remarkable  objects  of  the  so-called  Euganean 
period  have  been  discovered.  The  most  note- 
worthy of  them  are  a  bronze  fibula,  adorned  by 
three  figures  of  monkeys  on  its  bow,  and  a  fine 
bronze  belt  with  decorations  in  the  Mycensean 
style. 

MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  James's  Hall.  —  Henschel  Concerts.  Miss  Ilona 
Eibenscbiitz's  Brahms  Pianoforte  Recital. 

Crystal  Palace.— Saturday  Concerts. 

Queen's  Hall.— Symphouy  Concerts.  Promenade  Con- 
certs. 

St.  James's  Hall.— Popular  Concerts. 

Queen's  Hall.— Mr.  Mark  Hambourg's  Pianoforte  Recital. 

The  programme  of  Mr.  Henschel's  Sym- 
phony Concert  on  Thursday  last  week 
commenced  with  Dr.  Hubert  Parry's  MS. 
Overture  "  to  an  Unwritten  Tragedy,"  an 
impressive  work,  conducted  by  the  composer. 
The  next  item  was  Brahma's  fine  and 
characteristic  Concerto  in  a  minor  for  violin 
and  violoncello,  Op.  102,  first  performed  in 
London  by  Messrs.  Joachim  and  Hausmann 
at  Mr.  Henschel's  Symphony  Concert  on 
February  15th,  1888  (Athen.  Nos.  3147 
and  3148).  The  solo  parts  last  week  were 
well  interpreted  by  Messrs.  Joseph  and 
Paul  Ludwig.  The  principal  theme  of  tho 
andante  in  D  is  one  of  tho  most  beautiful 
melodioa  that  Brahma  ever  wrote.  Mignon'a 
song  "  Kennst  du  das  Land?  "  set  by  Liszt, 
was,  of  course,  exquisitely  sung  by  Mrs. 
Henschel  ;  and  the  concert  closed  with  a 
meritorious  performance,  much  better  than 
that  at  a  previous  concert,  of  Tschaikowsky's 
'  Symphonic  Pathetiquo '  in  b  minor,  No.  G, 
of  which  the  public  oviuces  no  symptoms  of 
tiring. 


Thai  Brahma's  pianoforte  music  is  well 
appreciated  in  the  metropolis  was  shown 
by  the  fact  that  Miss  Ilona  Eibenschuta, 
when  she  ventured  upon  giving  a  recital  of 
his  works  on  Friday  afternoon  last  week, 
secured  a  large  audience.  Coinnif-ncing  wi»k 
the  early  Sonata  in  p  minor,  Op.  5,  Miss 
Eibenachutz  passed  to  the  fine  Bhapsody  in 
o  minor,  Op.  79,  which  was  somewhat  too 
rapidly  played;  the  often-rendered  Varia- 
tions on  a  Theme  by  Handel,  Op.  21  ;  the 
Ballade  in  b  major,  Op.  10,  admirably  exe- 
cuted ;  and  various  minor  items,  all  U 
nically  and  artistically  well  rendered.  The 
J  was  a  decided  success. 

The  Crystal  Palace  Saturday  Concerts  were 
resumed  last  week,  and  the  first  programme 
was  very  properly  devoted  to  Schubert's  music, 
in  commemoration  of  the  centenary  of  the 
composer's  birth.  In  a  preliminary  note 
Sir  George  Grove  refers  with  justifiable 
pride  to  the  crusade  continued  for  forty 
years  at  the  Crystal  Palace  in  favour  of 
Schubert,  and  its  complete  success.  He 
rightly  says  that  the  expression  used  a 
few  years  ago,  that  Sydenham  was  the 
"  natural  home  of  Schubert  in  this 
country,"  is  hardly  inappropriate.  For 
example,  the  great  Symphony  in  c, 
No.  9,  which  was  grossly  misunderstood 
when  it  was  first  introduced  here,  is  now 
by  many  considered  the  most  enjoyable  of 
all  symphonies,  thanks  in  great  measure  to 
the  efforts  of  Mr.  Manns  and  his  orchestra. 
A  magnificent  performance  of  this  inspired 
work  was  given,  and  the  playing  of  the 
Palace  orchestra  in  the  selection  from  the 
'  Bosamunde '  music,  which  was  happily 
unearthed  by  Sir  George  Grove  many  years 
ago,  was  equally  beyond  reproach.  We  do 
not  greatly  care  for  Liszt's  arrangement  of 
the  fine  song  •  Die  Allmacht,'  originally 
written  for  tenor  solo  and  piano  accompani- 
ment, but  adapted  by  the  Weimar  virtuoso 
for  the  solo  voice,  with  orchestra  and  chorus 
of  tenors  and  basses.  Still,  Mr.  Edward 
Lloj-d  rendered  his  part  very  well  indeed, 
and  he  also  contributed  two  songs  from  the 
'  Winterreise '  and  the  '  Schwanengesang.' 
An  interesting  item  was  the  Sadducee's 
aria  from  the  unfinished  cantata  '  Lazaru9,' 
written  in  1820.  The  fragment  as  it  stands 
contains  some  beautiful  music,  and,  as  it  is 
published,  it  might  now  receive  attention 
from  choral  societies.  The  selection  last 
Saturday  was  sung  by  Mr.  Arthur  Ferguson, 
whose  intentions  were  better  than  his  achieve- 
ment. Some  Lieder  were  contributed  by  Mile. 
Margarethe  Petersen. 

Felix  Draeseke  is  a  German  composer 
whose  name  is  but  little  known  in  London, 
and  it  ia,  therefore,  not  surprising  that 
there  should  have  been  a  comparatively 
small  attendance  at  the  fourth  of  the 
Queen's  Hall  Symphony  Concerts,  when 
this  musician's  'Tragic'  Symphony  in  e, 
Op.  40,  was  the  central  item  in  the  pro- 
gramme. Draeseke  was  born  at  Coburg 
in  1835,  and  has  composed  worka  in  various 
styles,  and  before  he  had  attained  man- 
hood's age  he  was  a  devout  believer  in 
Wagner  and  Liszt,  and  in  the  advanced 
school  generally.  He  is  now  a  professor  of 
composition  at  the  Dresden  Conservatorium. 
As  a  composer  Draeseke  has  not  been  extra- 
ordinarily prolific.  He  has  written  about 
fifty  works,  including  three  symphonies, 
two  operas,  a  requiem,  a  cantata,  a  violin 


ST°3619,  March  6,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


321 


concerto,  two  string  quartets,  and  two 
overtures.  A  competent  critic  says  of 
Draeseke  that  "  he  has  scarcely  as  yet  made 
the  mark  that  might  have  been  expected 
from  a  man  of  his  high  ideals  and  tho- 
roughly artistic  methods  of  working," 
and  it  is  difficult  to  pronounce  a 
verdict  on  his  '  Tragic '  Symphony  after 
but  one  hearing.  We  can  say,  however, 
without  hesitation,  that  there  is  much 
of  interest  in  the  work,  especially  in 
the  funereal  slow  movement  and  the 
scherzo.  The  symphony  should  be  given 
another  trial.  The  introduction  to  the 
second  act  of  Humperdinck's  new  opera 
1  Konigskinder,'  produced  at  Munich  on 
January  23rd  last,  is  a  charming  and 
bright  little  piece,  though  the  plot  of  the 
opera  is  tragic  and  even  unhealthy  in  tone. 
Familiar  pieces  by  Wagner  formed  the  re- 
mainder of  the  scheme. 

A  Wagner  programme  was  presented  at 
the  Promenade  Concert  in  the  evening,  and, 
strange  to  say,  it  contained  two  novelties. 
The  first  was  an  orchestrated  version  of 
the  'Album  Sonata'  written  in  1853  for 
Frau  Mathilde  Wesendonck,  and  we  are 
bound  to  say  that  the  piece  is  far  more 
effective  in  its  new  shape,  as  rendered  by 
Mr.  Henry  Wood's  splendid  orchestra,  than 
it  is  when  played  on  the  pianoforte.  The 
other  was  Isabella's  song  from  the  early 
opera  '  Das  Liebesverbot,'  produced  at 
Magdeburg  in  1836,  and  performed  only 
once.  It  is,  of  course,  immature  Wagner, 
but  it  contains  unmistakable  germs  of  the 
master's  ripest  methods,  and  the  song  was 
pleasingly  sung  by  Miss  Lucile  Hill.  The 
rest  of  the  selection  consisted  of  excerpts 
too  familiar  to  need  quotation. 

Passing  over  last  Saturday's  Popular 
Concert,  we  come  to  that  of  Monday  evening, 
when  Herr  Joachim  made  his  reappearance 
for  the  season.  Beethoven's  Quartet  in  c, 
Op.  59,  No.  3,  headed  the  programme,  and 
it  was  recognized  at  once  that  the  Hun- 
garian violinist  had  not  in  the  least  dete- 
riorated as  an  executant.  He  has  never 
led  a  Beethoven  quartet  more  finely,  tho 
tone,  phrasing,  and  expression  being  as 
grand  as  ever.  A  splendid  performance 
was  subsequently  given  of  Brahms's  First, 
and,  as  some  regard  it,  finest  Sonata  for 
pianoforte  and  violin  in  G,  Op.  78,  by  Herr 
Joachim  and  Miss  Fanny  Davies ;  and  the 
concert  ended  with  Haydn's  Quartet  in  o, 
Op.  64,  No.  4.  Mr.  Kennerley  Eumford, 
a  highly  intelligent  young  baritone,  was 
entirely  successful  in  songs  by  Franz, 
Brahms,  Somervell,  and  Henschel. 

Mr.  Mark  Hambourg,  who  gave  a  piano- 
forte recital  at  the  Queen's  Hall  on  Tuesday 
afternoon,  showed  that  his  talents  are  still 
steadily  developing,  but  at  present  he  is 
most  acceptable  in  music  that  demands 
mechanical  dexterity  rather  than  emotional 
expression.  The  principal  items  in  his  pro 
gramme  were  Beethoven's  Sonata  in  e  flat, 
Op.  31,  No.  3;  Brahms's  Variations  on  a 
Theme  by  Paganini ;  Chopin's  Sonata  in 
u  flat  minor,  Op.  35;  and  Schumann's 
'  Faschingsschwank  aus  Wien,'  Op.  26. 
Thore  was  much  to  commend  in  the  inter- 
pretation of  these  works  and  in  minor 
pieces,  and  Mr.  Mark  Hambourg  has  the 
promiso  of  being  a  fine  pianist  in  due 
course. 


It  is  too  soon  to  say  definitely,  but  as  at 
present  arranged  the  summer  opera  season  at 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  will  commence  on 
May  10th  with  'Tannhauser'  in  French,  M. 
Vandyck  in  the  role  of  the  hero.  On  the 
previous  Saturday  there  will  be  an  operatic 
concert  in  aid  of  the  Prince  of  Wales's  Hospital 
Fund. 

An  admirable  scheme  has  been  drawn  up  for 
the  Hereford  Festival,  which  will  be  held  on 
September  14th,  15th,  16th,  and  17th.  There 
will  be  an  opening  service  in  the  Cathedral  on 
the  previous  Sunday  morning,  with  the  full 
orchestra  and  chorus.  The  first  concert  on  the 
Tuesday  morning  is  marked  "  Special  Thanks- 
giving Performances  for  the  Queen's  Reign," 
and  will  contain  new  works,  not  yet  specified, 
by  Drs.  0.  H.  Lloyd  and  Hubert  Parry,  Beet- 
hoven's c  minor  Symphony,  and  Mendelssohn's 
'  Lobgesang. '  In  the  evening  there  will  be  a 
secular  concert  in  the  Shire  Hall,  the  programme 
including  Grieg's  Pianoforte  Concerto  in  a  minor 
and  various  orchestral  pieces  and  songs.  Wednes- 
day morning's  programme  will  include  Bach's 
church  cantata  "A  stronghold  sure,"  a  new 
work  by  Arthur  Somervell,  excerpts  from 
Wagner's  'Parsifal,'  and  Spohr's  'Last  Judg- 
ment.' In  the  evening  'Elijah'  will  be  given  ; 
and  on  Thursday  morning  Beethoven's  Mass 
in  d,  Tschaikowsky's  'Symphonie  Pathetique,' 
and  Part  I.  of  'The  Creation.'  Gounod's  'Re- 
demption '  is  announced  for  Thursday  evening, 
and  '  The  Messiah '  for  Friday  morning. 
The  festival  will  close  with  a  chamber  concert 
in  the  Shire  Hall.  The  principal  artists  already 
engaged  are  Mesdames  Albani,  Anna  Williams, 
and  Medora  Henson,  and  Messrs.  Lloyd  and 
Oscar  Meyer.  Mr.  G.  R.  Sinclair  will,  of  course, 
be  the  conductor. 

The  Students'  Chamber  Concert  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Music  at  St.  James's  Hall  on 
Monday  afternoon  showed  that  the  Tenterden 
Street  institution  can  still  furnish  well-equipped 
young  musicians.  Perhaps  the  most  note- 
worthy feature  of  the  performance  was  that  of 
Svendsen's  Octet  in  a  minor  by  about  thirty 
pupils,  an  achievement,  of  course,  quite  per- 
missible at  an  Academy  concert. 

Concerts  of  sacred  music  were  more  than 
usually  numerous  on  Ash  Wednesday  ;  but  as 
these  partake  more  of  the  nature  of  religious 
functions  than  ordinary  entertainments  they 
scarcely  call  for  criticism.  It  may  be  said,  how- 
ever, that  excellent  performances  were  given  of 
Rossini's  '  Stabat  Mater '  and  Mendelssohn's 
'  Lobgesang '  by  the  Queen's  Hall  Choral 
Society,  under  the  conductorship  of  Mr.  Ran- 
degger,  in  the  afternoon ;  and  in  the  evening 
Gounod's  'Redemption'  was  given  by  the  Royal 
Choral  Society  at  the  Albert  Hall,  under  the 
direction  of  Prof.  Bridge.  There  were  also 
ballad  concerts  of  sacred  music  at  the  St.  James's 
and  the  Queen's  Hall  in  the  evening. 

Special  interest  will  attach  to  the  concert 
of  the  Highbury  Philharmonic  Society  on  the 
9th  inst.,  when  Mendelssohn's  music  to  Racine's 
'  Athalie '  will  be  performed  in  its  proper  con- 
nexion with  the  play.  The  usual  "illustrative 
verses"  will  be  discarded,  and  the  translation  of 
the  play  (in  an  abridged  form)  by  the  late  W. 
Bartholomew  will  be  recited  by  several  elocu- 
tionists, the  part  of  Athalie  being  entrusted  to 
Mrs.  G.  H.  Betjemann,  while  Mr.  Charles  Fry 
has  been  specially  engaged  for  that  of  Joad. 

IIerr  Felix  Mottl  has  been  engaged  by 
Frau  Cosima  Wagner  to  conduct  all  the  per- 
formances of  '  Parsifal '  at  Bayreuth  this  year. 

The  Frankfurter  Zeitung  has  recently  pub- 
lished several  letters  addressed  by  Richard 
Wagner  to  the  composer  Wendelin  Weiss- 
heimer  in  the  year  1862,  when  the  former  was 
occupied  with  the  composition  of  the  '  Meister- 
singer  '  at  Biebrich,  near  Mayence.  The  letters, 
which    have   not    been    published    before  and 


contain  valuable  materials  for  the  Master's 
biography,  unfold  a  pitiful  tale  of  his  straitened 
circumstances,  which  reached  at  the  end  of 
April  such  a  pitch  that  he  actually  declared  to 
Weissheimer,  "  Ich  bin  am  Ende.  Ich  muss  auf 
einige  Zeit  verschwinden."  The  vehicle  which 
was  to  convey  him  to  a  secluded  spot  had  already 
been  ordered  for  the  next  morning  when  an 
envoy  appeared,  like  a  deus  ex  machind,  with 
an  invitation  from  King  Lewis  II.  of  Bavaria, 
who  generously  offered  him  support  and  protec- 
tion. 


PERFORMANCES  NEXT   WEEK. 


Son. 


Mon. 
Tubs. 


Wed. 
Thurs 


Fri. 

Sat. 


Orchestral  Concert,  3  30,  Queen's  Hall. 

National  Sunday  League,  Verdi's  '  Requiem,'  7,  Queen's  Hall. 

Queen's  Hall  String  Quartet  Concert,  7.30. 

Popular  Concert.  8,  St.  James's  Hall. 

Miss  Amy  Hare's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 

Highbury    Philharmonic     Society,     Mendelssohn's    'Athalie,' 

8,  Highbury  Athemeum. 
Musical  Guild  Concert,  8,  Kensington  Town  Hall. 
Miss  M.  A   Ferdinand's  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Royal  College  of  Music  Chamber  Concert,  7.45 
Miss  Wild  and  Herr  Hausmann's  Conceit.  3,  St  James'3  Hall. 
Mr.  Henschel's  Symphony  Concert,  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Mr  Louis  H  Hillier's  Concert,  3.  St  James's  Hall. 
Hampstead  Popular  Concert,  8,  Vestry  Hall,  Haverstock  Hill. 
Crystal  Palace  Concert,  3. 
Mozart  Society's   Concert,  3,  No.  26,  George  Street,  Hanover 

Square 
Popular  Concert,  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 
Mr.  Ernest  Mead's  Recital,  3,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
London  Ballad  Concert,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Globe. —  'The  MacHaggis,'  a  Farce   in  Three  Acta.    By 
Jerome  K.  Jerome  and  Eden  Phillpotts. 
Lyceum. — Revival  of  Shakspeare's  '  King  Richard  III.' 

The  maxim  of  Rosaline  that 

A  jest's  prosperity  lies  in  the  ear 
Of  him  that  hears  it 

holds  true  when  the  jest  is  in  three  acts. 
A  happy  chance  was  it  for  the  new  farce 
of  Messrs.  Jerome  and  Phillpotts  that  the 
fourth  wall  of  the  stage  was  sensitive,  and, 
if  such  a  thing  may  be  said  of  a  wall  other 
than  that  of  which  Snout  the  tinker  was 
the  representative,  responsive.  For  in  very 
fact  neither  the  idea  underlying  '  The 
MacHaggis '  nor  the  treatment  has  more 
value  or  beauty  than  "  may  without  candle 
go  dark  to  bed."  One  can  conceive  the 
dismay  of  a  meek,  shame-faced,  prudish 
little  Scotsman,  whose  life  hitherto  has 
known  no  pleasure  more  stimulating  than 
"pedalling"  round  Battersea  Park,  upon 
discovering  that  he  has  become  the  chieftain 
of  a  lawless  and  turbulent  clan,  which 
insists  upon  his  assuming  the  respon- 
sibilities of  his  position,  presiding  over 
its  domestic  brawls,  and  leading  it  to 
combat  against  its  hereditary  foes.  The 
idea  is,  however,  thin  to  be  extended 
over  three  acts,  and  it  involves  a  com- 
plete surrender  on  the  part  of  the  audience, 
which  regards  as  a  picture  of  the  life 
of  tho  day  proceedings  which,  if  accepted 
at  all,  even  as  a  subject  of  burlesque,  carry 
one  back  to  mediaeval  times.  If  the  main 
story  is  thin,  the  underplot  is  wildly  and 
idiotically  extravagant.  The  action  accord- 
ingly bristled  with  dangers  and  difficulties. 
So  well  closed  with  its  fourth  wall  was  the 
stage  that  success  was  nover  for  a  moment 
in  doubt.  The  spectators  laughed  con- 
sumedly  when  the  unheroical  chieftain 
sought  vainly  to  hide  his  chilly  knees 
beneath  his  kilt,  when  ho  rebuked  the  pas- 
sionato  Spanish  maiden  who  followed  him 
to  his  Highland  fortress  and  planted  rock- 
less  kisses  upon  his  reluctant  brow.  Still 
nioro  loudly  did  they  laugh  when,  in 
obedienco  to  the  traditions  of  tho  clan,  he 
took  up  claymore  and  targo  and  fought  a 
duel  with  his  own  piper.    All  is  accordingly 


tii  i:    a  T  ii  i:  x  .1:  D  m 


619,  March  6,  '97 


.1  for  management  and  authors,  and  tli<> 
new  piece  starts  on  a  run  that  may — who 
knows f  rival  thai  of  'Charley's  Aunt.' 
Qa  h    this    state  rf 

affairs.  The  fane  is  blameless,  and  portions 
nf  it  are  genuinely  Funny.  A  widely  dif- 
ferent result  was,  however,  at  any  time 
within  reach.  Had  the  audience  had  the 
slightest  grudge  against  author,  manager, 
or  actor,  the  whole  would  scarcely  have 
escaped  hostile  demonstrations.  As  it  was 
:i,  to  tho  practised  ear  there  was  more 
than  one  moment  when  tho  cheering  was  to 
somo  extent  derisive.  Those  moments  passed, 
and  a  public  that  had  been  amused  from  tho 
outset  gave  '  Tho  MacIIaggis '  an  enthu- 
siastic reception.  Tho  play  is  of  tho  order 
of  Mr.  Gilbert's  'Engaged,'  but  is  less 
cynical  than  that  mock  pastoral,  in  which 
Coriu  and  Silvius  or  Donald  and  Jamio  add 
to  their  slender  income  by  placing  obstruc- 
tions in  the  way  of  passing  trains.  Its  mock- 
heroics  are  moreover  loss  happy.  Still,  as 
the  result  proved,  tho  piece  is  not  less 
amusing.  Its  triumph  is  principally  due  to 
Mr.  "Wecdon  Grossmith,  whose  presentation 
of  comic  distress  was  highly  humorous  and 
commendably  free  from  exaggeration.  A 
picture  by  Miss  Beatrice  Ferrar  of  a 
Highland  maiden  with  a  keen  eye  to  the 
main  chance  was  pretty  and  amusing.  The 
general  performance,  though  adequate,  had 
no  special  excellence. 

During  the  long  and  enforced  rest  and 
seclusion  to  which  he  has  been  driven,  Sir 
Henry  Irving  has  apparently  thought  out 
the  character  of  Richard.  His  performance, 
accordingly,  is  mellower  and  finer  than 
before.  No  sign  of  suffering  or  injury  was 
apparent,  the  walk  assumed  being  cal- 
culated to  cover  any  halting,  were  such  pre- 
sent. For  the  rest,  the  savage  scorn  of 
Richard  for  the  "  gulls  "  whom  he  emplo37s, 
tho  self-derision,  and  the  scarcely  veiled 
hypocrisy  constitute  the  performance  a 
veritable  masterpiece.  It  is  to  be  doubted 
whether  an  instance  of  more  perfect  Shak- 
spearean  interpretation  is  to  be  seen  on  the 
stage.  A  marked  improvement  is  visible  in 
the  Lady  Anne  of  Miss  Julia  Arthur  ;  Miss 
Genevieve  Ward's  Queen  Margaret  retains 
remarkable  intensity.  The  general  cast  is 
adequate,  though  some  lack  of  inspiration 
is  apparent  in  Richmond. 


Beau  Austin:  a  Drama.  By  W.  E.  Henley 
and  It.  L.  Stevenson.  (Heinemann.)  —  The 
'  Beau  Austin  '  of  Messrs.  Henley  and  Steven- 
son is  a  fine  piece  of  literary  work  and  a  good 
acting  play.  When  put  on  the  stage  at  the 
1 1  ay  market  some  six  or  seven  years  ago,  it 
obtained  no  more  than  a  mcc&s  d'estime.  For 
this  we  are  not  called  upon  to  account.  So 
little  known  is  the  piece  that  to  put  it  again, 
with  a  good  environment  and  cast,  upon  tho 
stage  would  be  anything  rather  than  a  risky 
experiment.  The  characters  are  well  conceived 
and  drawn,  and  the  study  of  feminine  nature, 
though  daring  and  not  wholly  convincing,  is 
at  least  healthy  and  stimulating.  With  stage 
chances  wo  are,  however,  not  concerned.  There 
is,  or  used  to  be,  a  public  that  likes  to  read 
plays.  How  else  should  we  be  familiar  with 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  and  Congreve  '.  To 
this  public  we  heartily  commend  it. 

M.  Cai.m.vnn  LrovY  publishes  Pieces  el  Mor- 
ccau.r  from  the  pen  of  that  eminent  dramatic 
member  of  the  French  Academy,  M.  Pailleron. 
The  author  of  '  Le  Monde  ou  Ton  s'ennuie  '  has 
well  chosen  his  title,   for   the  volume  contains 


or  three  little  dramatic  "pieces,"  and  a 
great  many  bits,  several  of  them  inverse.  M. 
Pai  Heron's  prose  is  always  brilliant:  his  V( 

is  )<••-->  excellent. 


^ramalir  tfffshjf. 

Rbportb had  been  eiroolated  thai  'Madame 
Sans  G6ne'  would  not  after  all  be  given  at  the 

Lyceum.  These  were  disposed  of  by  the  atlilress 
of  Sir  Henry  on  the  reopening  Bight,  in  which 
ho  referred  to  his  forthcoming  appearance  as 
Napoleon. 

UNDER  the  management  of  Miss  Dorothy 
Leigh  ton  and  Mr.  Charles  Charrington  a  series 
of  performances  of  Ibsen  are  projected  for  May. 
'  The  Lady  from  the  Sea  '  is  to  be  given  on  the 
10th,  'The  Wild  Duck'  on  the  17th,  and  'A 
Doll's  House'  on  the  24th.  An  "invitation 
performance  "  of  '  Ghosts  '  is  also  contemplated. 
An  adaptation  in  four  acts,  by  Mr.  L. 
Stoddard,  of  '  Tess  of  the  D'L'rbervilles  '  was 
given  for  copyright  purposes  at  the  St.  James's 
Theatre  on  Tuesday. 

Mk.  W.  S.  Gilbert's  long-maintained  resolu- 
tion never  to  write  another  comedy  has,  it  is 
said,  given  way,  and  he  has  furnished  Miss 
Fortescue  with  a  play,  the  title  of  which  is  not 
yet  fixed. 

•  As  You  Like  It  '  will  be  withdrawn  from 
the  St.  James's  on  the  20th,  and  the  house  will 
then  close  for  a  few  days  previous  to  the  pro- 
duction of  Mr.  Pinero's  new  comedy  'The  Prince 
and  the  Butterfly.' 

Mr.  George  Grossmith  has  retired,  in  con- 
sequence of  indisposition,  from  the  part  of 
Ferdinand  V.  in  'His  Majesty,' at  the  Savoy, 
and  will  take  a  holiday  in  the  south  of  France. 

It  is  stated  that  Miss  Kate  Santley  has  parted 
with  the  lease  of  the  Royalty  Theatre. 

'  A  White  Elephant  '  has  been  withdrawn 
from  the  Comedy,  which  house  has  been  closed 
during  the  week.  It  will  reopen  on  Wednesday 
with  'Saucy  Sally,'  Mr.  Burnand's  version  of 
'La  Flamboyante.' 

'Confederates,'  a  one-act  drama  by  Mr. 
Henry  Woodville,  constitutes  the  lever  d e  rideau 
at  the  Globe.  It  is  a  fairly  tender  story  of 
self-sacrifice,  the  action  of  which  is  laid  in  the 
time  of  the  American  Civil  War. 

'Antony  and  Cleopatra'  has  been  revived 
at  the  Queen's  Theatre,  Manchester,  with  Miss 
Janet  Achurch  as  Cleopatra,  and  Mr.  Louis 
Calvert  as  Antony. 

We  have  to  record  the  death,  in  his  sixty- 
fifth  year,  of  the  Austrian  writer  and  politician 
Karl  Morre.  He  was  specially  fertile  as  a 
playwright,  and  his  Volksstuck  '  's  Nullerl  ' 
acquired  considerable  popularity  in  Austria. 
Quite  recently  his  piece  '  Der  Gliickselige  '  was 
performed  with  great  success  at  Vienna,  and  he 
had  the  satisfaction  of  being  informed  of  it  on 
his  sick-bed. 


MISCELLANEA 


The  '  Prelude. ' — Will  you  kindly  allow  mo  to 
ask  through  the  Athenaeum  in  whose  possession 
the  MS.  of  Wordsworth's  '  Prelude  '  now  is  1  I 
have  made  several  inquiries,  but  can  obtain  no 
information  on  the  subject. 

W.  Hale  White. 


To   CORRESPONDENTS  —A.    F.    R.— H.    II  — W.  W.— L.  H. 

A.  it.— E.  L.  J.-F.  K.  P.— J.  S.  H.-W.-Q.  W.— received. 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


Trrms  of  Subscription-  by  Post. 
To  all  parts  of  the  I  'nited  Kingdom. 

For  Twelve  Months 

For  Six  Months        

For  all  Countries  icithin  the  Postal  i'nion. 
for  Twelve  Monthi 

For  Six  Months 


/.'"■  /<  \'<Aunn  will  In 
an  Index,  and  Ordert will  be  'her 

for  Bet*  or /or  teparaU   V\  lumew. 

In  Five  Handsome  Royal  8vo. 
Volumes,  25s.  each  net. 

The  remaining  Four  Volumes  trill  appear  at 
in  tervals  of  a  bou ! 

Vol.  I.,  NEAELY  READY,  will  extend 

to  nearly  700  pap 

THE 

ROYAL    NAVY. 

A    HISTORY. 

From  the  Earliest  Times  to  the 
Present. 

BY 

WM.  LAIRD  CLOWES, 

Fellow  of  King's  College,  London,  Gold  Medallist 

U.S.  Naval  Institute,  Hon.  Member  of 

the  R.U.S.  Institution. 


ASSISTED   BY 

SIR  CLEMENTS  MARK  HAM, 
K.C.B.  P.R.G.S., 

Captain    A.    T.    MAHAN,    U.S.X., 

Mr.  H.  W.  WILSON, 

Mr.  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT, 

Mr.  E.  FRASER, 
&c. 

Twenty-five  Photogravures 

AXD 

Hundreds  of  Full-Page  and  other 
Illustrations, 

Maps,  Charts,  &c. 
IN    FIVE    VOLUMES. 


An  Illustrated  Prospectus  of  this 

Important  Work  is  now 

ready. 


London : 

SAMPSON  LOW,  MARSTON  &  COMPANY,  Ltd., 

St.  Dunstan's  House,  Fetter-lane,  B.C. 


N° 3619,  March  6,  '97                                THE     ATHENilUM 

323 

JOHN    C.    NIMMO'S 

LIST    OF    NEW    AND    RECENT    BOOKS, 


READY  MARCH  25. 

THE  FIRST  VOLUME  OF  THE  NEW 
ILLUSTRATED  EDITION. 

In  extra  crown  Svo.  cloth,  gilt  top,  5s.  per  Vol.  net. 

THE  KEV.  S.  BARING-GOULD'S 

LIVES    OF    THE 

SAINTS. 

With  a  Calendar  for  every  Day  in  the  Year. 

New  Edition,  Revised,  with  Introduction  and  Addi- 
tional Lives  of  English  Martyrs,  Cornish  and 
Welsh  Saints,  and  a  Full  Index  to 
the  Entire  Work. 
Illustrated  by  over   400   Engravings. 
To    be    published    in    Monthlj7    Volumes. 
Volume  I.  ready  March  25. 
An   Illustrated   Prospectus,    giving  full   details, 
may  be  had  on  application  to  any  Bookseller  in 
Town  or  Country. 

A  NEW  AND  POPULAR  WORK  ON  THE 
OPERA. 

In  extra  crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top,  6.*. 

THE     OPERA: 

A  History  of  the  Development  of  Opera. 

With  Full  Descriptions  of  all  Works  in  the 
Modern  Repertory. 

By  R.  A.  STREATEEILD. 

With  an  Introduction  by 

J.    A.    F  U  L  L  E  R  -  M  A I  T  L  A  N  D. 

"  A  volume  which,  for  clearness  in  elucidating 

the  mysteries  of  the  plots  of  opera,  ancient  and 

modern,  is  far  ahead  of  anything  in  our  language 

hitherto  published." — Musical  Opinion. 

"  This  book  may  be  recommended  as  one  of  the 
most  useful  published  of  recent  years." 

/Saturday  Review. 
"Throughout   the   volume  there   is   a  welcome 
freedom  from  prejudice,  while  the  author  exhibits 
much  sound  judgment  and  critical  acumen." 

Times. 
"  A  book  which  will  give  pleasure  and  instruction 
to  all  lovers  and  students  of  opera." 

National  Observer. 
"An  important  work  in  the  criticism  and  histori- 
cal development  of  music." — Daily  News. 

THE  LATE  HENRY  SEEBOHM'S 
STANDARD  WORK  ON  BRITISH  BIRDS. 

In  Four  Volumes,  royal  8vo.  cloth,  with  numerous 

Wood  Engravings  and  68  Coloured  Plates, 

Gl.  6s.,  now  51.  5.i.  net. 

A   HISTORY    OF   BRITISH 
BIRDS. 

With  Coloured  Illustrations  of  their  Eggs. 

To   which    is   added    the  Author's  Notes  on  their 
Classification  and  Geographical  Distribution. 

By  HENRY  SEEBOHM, 

Author  of  '  Siberia  in  Europe,'  '  Siberia  in  Asia,'  &c. 
Note.—  The  text  of  the  admirable  life-histories 
of  British  Birds  contained  in  this  work  was  in 
every  instance  the  outcome  of  the  author's  personal 
knowledge  and  experience, and  in  these  respects  he 
was  probably  unequalled  by  any  other  ornithological 
writer  of  the  present  century.  The  attention  of 
subscribers  to  the  late  Lord  Lilford's  ■Coloured 
Figures  of  the  Birds  of  the  British  Islands  '  is  par- 
ticularly directed  to  the  fact  that  the  present 
work,  as  the  best  of  its  kind,  is  especially  recom- 
mended as  forming  the  natural  and  only  fitting 
accompaniment  to  Lord  Lilford's  magnificent  series 
of  coloured  figures. 


Two  Volumes,  extra  crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top,  with 
120  Coloured  Plates,  price  21*.  net. 

THE  FLORA  OF  THE  ALPS. 

Being  a  Description  of  all  the  Species  of  Flower- 
ing Plants  indigenous  to  Switzerland,  and  of  the 
Alpine  Species  of  the  adjacent  mountain  districts 
of  France,  Italy,  and  Austria,  including  the 
Pyrenees. 

BY 

ALFRED  W.  BENNETT,  M.A.  B.Sc.  F.L.S., 

Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 
With  120  Coloured  Plates. 

"  The  whole  book  forms  a  valuable  contribution 
to  the  intelligent  enjoyment  of  a  holiday  in  Swit- 
zerland."— Academy. 

"  These  very  beautifully  illustrated  volumes  will 
be  welcomed  by  the  numberless  people  whose  sum- 
mer holiday  is  spent  in  Switzerland  or  the  Alpine 
districts." — Land  and  Water. 

"  Mr.  Bennett  gives  an  adequate  description,  and 
one  which  is  both  clear  and  exact,  of  all  the  species 
of  flowering  plants  common  to  Switzerland." 

Standard. 

"  The  illustrations  are  numerous  and  accurate." 

Times. 

Note.  —  A  Reissue  of  this  beautiful  work 

will  be  commenced  on  March  25th,  in  Eight 

Monthly  Parts,  at  2s.  6d.  each  net. 

In  extra  crown  8vo.  cloth,  gilt  top,  with  Portrait 
and  2  Illustrations,  5s. 

FRANCIS    ORPEN    MORRIS. 

A  Memoir  of  the  Author  of  '  A  History  of 

British  Birds,' &c. 

By  his  Son, 

The  Rev.  M.  C.  F.  MORRIS,  B.C.L.  Mi, 

Kector  of  Nunburnholme,  Yorkshire. 

"  In  this  brief,  but  attractive  and  adequate  bio- 
graphy  Mr.    M.    C.    F.    Morris    draws  a    very 

engaging  picture  of  his  father's  personality." 

Times. 

"Any  one  and  every  one  will  feel  his  outlook 
widened  by  reading  this  book." —  Church  Times. 

"  From  the  first  page  to  the  last this  delight- 
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whose  works  are  perhaps  better  known  among  the 
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of  the  late  Mr.  F.  O.  Morris." — Land  and  Water. 

BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  '  MARY  POWELL.' 

In  crown  8vo.  with  an  Introduction  by  the  Rev. 
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T  II  E    ATHENyEUM 


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GEORGE  PHILIP  &  SONS 
NEW  ATLASES. 


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rP  H  E         NATIONAL         REVIEW. 

-L  MARCH,  1697.    Trice  2s.  Ci. 

Contents. 
1    EPISODES  of  the  MONTH. 

2.  SOME  HOME  TRUTHS  ABOUT  RHODESIA.    Ev  W  E  Fairbridge 

(Editor  of  the  Ithode.-ian  Herald). 

3.  The  DEFENCE  of  LONDON.    Ry  Spenser  Wilkinson. 
4    GIBBON.    Ry  Leslie  Stephen. 

5.  REMINISCENCES  of  the  OXFORD  UNION.    By  B.  R.  Wise. 

6.  MR.  CLEVELAND.    By  Edward  P.  Clark. 

7.  lhe    IRISH    CLAIM   and    SOME    REPLIES.      By  F.   B    Holland 

(Secretary  of  the  Financial  Relations  Commission). 

8.  HIDDEN   DANGERS  of  CYCLING.     A  Reply.    By  Sir  Frederick 

Pollock,  Bart. 

9.  JOHN  BULL  and  SILVER.    By  F.  J.  Faraday. 

10.  "The  OTHER  GRACE  "     By  Jane   H.  Findlater,  Author  of  'The 

Green  Graves  of  Ralgowrie.' 

11.  AMERICAN  AFFAIRS. 

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rP    H    E         HUMANITARIAN. 

A  Edited  by  VICTORIA  WOODHULL  MARTIN. 

MARCH. 

SIXPENCE. 

The  SOCIAL  CUSTOMS  of   the   ZULUS.     An  Interview  with   Miss 
Colenso. 

BJORNSTJERNE  BJORNSON.    A  Study.    Robert  II.  Sheiard. 
FAMINES-ENGLAND'S  and  INDIA'S  PERIL.    Andrew  Held, 
WOMEN'S    SUFFRAGE    in     "The    QUEENS    YEAR."      Charlotte 

Carmichael  Stopes. 
BENEDICT  SPINOZA.    W.  B.  Wallace. 
A  SCIENTIFIC  VIEW  of  GHOSTS.    W  E.  Ord. 
AFFINITIES.    A  Play.    Zula  Maud  Woodhull 

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A      FEW    CHAPTERS    in    ASTRONOMY.       By 

-£*-  CLAUDIUS  KENNEDY,  MA. 

Chap.  1.  On  a  Visual  Illusion  affecting  certain  Astronomical  Pheno- 
mena 2  The  Effect  of  the  Earth's  Rotation  on  certain  Moving  Bodies. 
3.  Deviation  of  Projectiles  from  the  Rotation  of  the  Earth.  4.  Fou- 
eault's  Pendulum.  5.  On  the  Position  of  the  Dynamical  Itwh  Tide 
relatively  to  the  Cele-tial  Tide-Producing  Body.  6.  The  Horizontal 
Pendulum.  7.  The  Moon's  Variation.  S.  The  Moon's  Parallactic 
Inequality. 

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well-known  phenomena  which  are  not  treated  ot  fully  in  the  usual 
text-books    —Observatory,  February,  18S15 

"  The  idea  of  this  book  is  a  very  good  one This  little  work  will  be 

found  of  great  assistance  to  students  of  mathematical  a-tronomv  and 
we  can  strongly  recommend  it  to  their  attention 

Philo'ophieal  .V,  gozinc,  March.  1895. 

"In  these  150  p-ges  are  discussed  some  of  the' numerous  problems 
in  astronomy,  and  these  are  handled  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  them 

full  of  interest  both  for  the  general  reader  and  for  the  student Asa 

supplement  to  the  ordinary  text-books  on  astronomy,  this  small  voiume 
will  be  found  especially  useful."— Nature,  March  21, 18!  5 

"Several  subjects,  which  most  text-books  necessarily  ignore  or 
dismiss  with  a  few  paragraphs,  are  here  treated  vei  v  copiously  and 
instructively,  e  g  ,  the  deviation  of  projectiles  caused  by  the  rotation 
Of  the  earth." — American  Journal  of  Science,  Jure,  1893 

"A  valuable  work,  which  deserves  to  be  better  known  "— CmitLrs 
Davison,  I)  8c,  Sec.  of  the  Prit  Assoc.  Committee,  on  "Earth 
Tremors"  in  Natural  Science,  April,  1896. 


Taylor  &  Francis,  Red  Lion-court,  Fleet-street,  E  C. 


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by  Peter 
Steel,  hi.  bs. 
10s.  ;  vellum, 


FANNY 


Third  Edition.  8vo.  with  Portrait, 


By  Wilhelm  Kuhe.     In 


BIOGRAPHY. 

BY   DEAN   HOOK. 

LIVES    of  the    ARCHBISHOPS    of   CANTERBURY,    from 

SI     AUOI'.S'IIN'K   to  JIXON.     fly   the   Wry    Kev.   WALTER    KAHOJ  HAH  Hi 

D.D.,   Demi  of    Chichesti  r.     Demy   Bvo,     The  following  Volume*  »old  separately  w 

shown:- Vol.  I.  15».  ;  Vol.  II.  15*.  ;  Vol.  V.  15f.  ;  Vols.  VI.  and  VII.  3  i  ;  Vol.  V11J 
15*.;  Vol.  IX.  15*.  ;  Vol.  X.  Ut.  ;  Vol.  XI.  l.'.s.  ;  Vol.  XII.  Uf. 

MR.  W.  ERASER  BAYS  BIOGRAPHY  OF 

RICHARD  BRINSLEY   SHERIDAN  :    including  mnch  Informs, 

tlon  derived  from  New  Sources  With  an  Introduction  by  Sheridan's  Great- Grandson 
the  MARQUESS  of  DUFFBBIN  and  AVA,  K.P.  G.C.B.  In  2  vols,  demy  Bvo.  aftfc 
Portraits  and  other  Illustrations,  26s. 


From  the  French  of 
Seventh  Edition,  with  2  Portrait*. 


BY  M.  DE  BOUBBIBVHB. 

MEMOIRS  of  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE.   By  Louis  Antoihi 

FAUVELKT  DE  BOURRIENNE,  his  Private  Secretary.  Edited,  with  Preface.  Sup- 
plementary Chapters,  and  Notes,  by  Colonel  H.  W.  PHIPPS.  late  Royal  Artillery. 
4  vols,  crown  hvo.  with  Illustrations,  36*. 

BY  FIELD-MARSHAL  LORD  WOLSELEY. 

The    LIFE    of   JOHN    CHURCHILL,    FIRST    DUKE    of 

MARLBOROUGH.     Vols.   I.  and   II.:   To  the  Accession  of  Queen   Anne.     l!\ 
Marshal  Viscount  WOLSELEY,  K.P.  G  C.B.  G.C.M.O.     Demy  8vo.     With  Portrait* 
of  the  Duke  and   Duchess  of   Marlborough,   James  II.,  William    III  ,  the  Duke  of 
Monmouth,  Duchess  of  Cleveland,  and  other  Illustrations  or  Plans.     Fourth  Edition. 
32s. 

BY  THE  DUKE  OF  TARENTUM. 

The   RECOLLECTIONS    of    MARSHAL    MACDONALD, 

during  the  Wars  of  the  First  Napoleon.     Translated  bySTEPHKN  Lol'lS  SIS! 
A  New  Edition,  with  Notes,  Portrait,  and  Engraving  of  Courcelles.     Crown  8vo.  6*. 

BY  M.  GrUIZOT. 

The  LIFE   of  OLIVER   CROMWELL.     From  the  French  of  M. 

GUIZOT,  by  Sir  ANDREW  SCOBLE,  Q.C.  Ninth  Edition,  with  4  Portraits.  Cr.8ro.Sfc 
"  M.  Guizot  has  unravelled  Cromwell's  character  with  singular  skill.     No  on*%'inour 
opinion,  has  drawn  his  portrait  with  equal  truth." — Quarterly  lievieur. 

BY  M.  MIGNET. 

The  LIFE  of  MARY,  QUEEN  of  SCOTS. 

M.  MIGNET.  by  Sir  ANDRKW  SCOBLE,  Q.C.     ' 
Crown  8vo.  6s. 

BY  MADAME  CAMPAN. 

The    LIFE    of  MARIE    ANTOINETTE.     By  Jeanne    Louise 

HENKIBTTE  CAMPAN,  First  Lady-in-Wiiting.  With  Memoir  of  Madame  Cam  pan 
by  MM.  BARRIEHE  and  MAIGNE.  New  and  Revised  Editiou,  with  Additional 
Notes  and  Portrait.    Crown  8vo.  6s. 

TRAVEL  AND   NATURAL   HISTORY. 

BY  MR.  SELOUS. 
A  HUNTER'S  WANDERINGS  in  AFRICA  :  Nine  Years  amongst 

the  Game  of  the  Far  Interior  of  South  Africa,  with  Full  Notes  upon  the  Natural 
History  and  Present  Distribution  of  all  the  Large  Mammalia,  and  including  Accounts 
of  Explorations  beyond  the  Zambesi,  on  the  Chobe,  and  in  the  Matabele  and  M&shuna 
Countries.  By  FREDERICK  COUKTENAY  SELOUS.  With  Map  and  ly  Full-Page 
Illustrations  by  Smit  and  Whymper.     Fourth  Edition.     Demy  8vo.  18s. 

BY  MR.  BALDWIN. 

AFRICAN  HUNTING   and  ADVENTURE   from   NATAL 

to  the  ZAMBESI,  including  Lake  Ngami,  the  Kalahari  Desert.  4c,  from  1S52  to  18*0. 
By  WILLIAM  CHARLES  BALDWIN,  F.R.G.S.  With  numerous  Illustrations  by 
Joseph  Wolf  and  J.  B.  Zwecker.  A  Third  and  Cheaper  Bdition,  with  Portrait  of  tie 
Author  and  Map.    Demy  8vo.  18s. 

BY  FRANK  BUCKLAND. 

CURIOSITIES   of  NATURAL  HISTORY.     By  Francis  Trk- 

VELYAN  BUCKLAND,  late  Her  Majesty's  Inspector  of  Fisheries.  Popular  Bdition, 
with  a  few  Illustrations.     Four  Series,  each  separately,  small  8vo.  2s.  6d. 

BY  MAJOR  FISHEB. 

OUTDOOR  LIFE  in  ENGLAND.    By  Arthur  T.  Fisher,  Major 

late  21st  Hussars,  Author  of  '  Through  the  Stable  and  Saddle  Room,'  '  Bod  and  River.' 
&c.    Demy  8vo.  18s. 

BY  MR.  DIXON. 
OUR  RARER  BIRDS.     By  Charles  Dixon,  Author  of  '  Rural  Bird 
Life.'    With  numerous  Illustrations  by  Charles  Whymper.    Demy  Svo.  M*. 

FICTION. 

BY  JANE  AUSTKN. 
The  STORIES  of  JANE  AUSTEN.      The  only  Complete  Edition. 
In  6  vols,  crown  8vo.  6s.  each. 

BY  T.  L.  PEACOCK. 

The  STORIES  of  THOMAS  LOVE  PEACOCK:  including  his 

Fugitive  Pieces.  Poems,  Criticisms,  &c.     Edited  by  Sir  HENRY  COLE,  K.C.B.     \ 
a  Preface  by  LORD  HOUGHTON,  and  a  Biographical  Sketch  by  EDITH  NICOLL? 
In  3  vols,  crown  hvo.  31s.  tid. 

BY  MISS  FKHRIER. 

The  STORIES  of  SUSAN  EDMONSTONE   FERRIER.    In 

6  vols,  small  crown  Svo.  30s. 

BY  RHODA  BBOTJQHTOH. 

The  STORIES  of  RHODA   BROUGHTON. 

Svo.  tis.  each. 


In  13  vols,  crown 


London:  RICHARD  BENTLEY  &  SON,  New  Burlington-street, 

Publishers  i?i  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty  Ike  Queen. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be   addressed  to   "The   Bdltor  "  —  Adrertlaemenu  and    Business   Letters  to  "The    rubluher  "  —  at   the  Office,    Breams-buildings.   Chancery-la: 
JTlnte*  by  John  Edwibd  Knixcis,  Athcnirum  Press,  Bream 's-bulldtngs.  Chancery-lane,  B.C. ;  and  l'uhllnhed  by  Joan  C.  Pamela  at  Bream's  buildings,  Chancery-lane,  K  C. 
Agents  for  Scotland,  Messrs.  Bell  A  Bradfute  and  Mr.  John  Memtes,  Edinburgh.— Saturday,  March  6,  1897. 


THE   ATHENAEUM 

journal  of  <2BngTt«D  anti  foreign  Ettcrature,  Science,  tfte  &im  &rt&  ifflttgic  an&  tfje  Iframa. 


So.  3620. 


SATURDAY,   MARCH    13,   1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


BRITISH  ARCHAEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION.— 
The  EIGHTH  MEETING  of  the  SESSION  will  be  held  at  32, 
ackville-street,  Piccadilly,  W  .  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  17,  at  8  p.m., 
rhen  Antiquities  will  be  exhibited,  and  the  following  Papers  read  : — 

1.  "The   Old   Church   and   Glass    at    Mead    Windermere,'    by    Mrs. 
OLLIER. 

2.  '  On    Mead   and    Mead    Vessels,'   by   H.    SYER   COMING.    Esq  , 
'  S.A.  (Scot.).  GEO.  PATRICK,  A.R.I.B  A„  Hon.  Sec. 


ROYAL       HISTORICAL       SOCIETY. 
(Incorporated  by  Royal  Charter. ) 
Patron— HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN. 
President— The  Right  Hon.  Sir  M.  E.  GRANT-DUFF,  G.C.8.I. 
THURSDAY,  March  18,  5  p.m.,  at  the  Museum  of  Practical  Geology, 
ermyn-street,  S.W..  the  following  Paper  will  be  read:— 'Goree,  a  Lost 
-'ossession  of  England,'  by  Mr.  W    FREWEN  LORD. 

HUBERT  HALL,  Director  and  Hon.  Secretary. 
US,  St.  Martin's-lane,  W  C. 


PHE       FOLK-LORE       SOCIETY. 


The  NEXT  EVENING  MEETING  of  the  Society  will  be  held  at  22, 
S.LBEMARLE-STREET,  PICCADILLY,  on  TUESDAY,  March  16,  at 
I  p.m.,  when  Papers  will  be  read — 

(a)  By  Mr.  R.  E.  DENNETT  'On  the  Death  and  Burial  of  the  Fiote 
French  Congo)';  and 

(b)  By  Miss  M.  KINGSLEY  '  On  the  Fetish  View  of  the  Human  Soul.' 
Miss  KINGSLEY  will  also  exhibit  some  Fan  Charms,  and  Mr.  P. 

MANNING  will  exhibit  a  number  of  objects  illustrating  some  Oxford- 
shire Festlrals,  and  will  read  a  short  Explanatory  Paper. 

F.  A.  MILNE,  Secretary. 
11,  Old-square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 


ROYAL    SOCIETY  of  PAINTER-ETCHERS.— 
ANNUAL   EXHIBITION    of   the    8ociety  NOW    OPEN   at  the 
Society's  Gallery,  No.  5a,  Pall  Mall  East,  from  10  to  6. 

A.  STEWART,  Secretary. 


OPEN  TO  THE  PUBLIC  FREE  10  ax.  to  6  p.m. 

KJBLISHERS'  PERMANENT  BOOK   EXHIBI- 
TION, 10.  Bloomsbury-street,  London,  W.C., 
Where  the  Latest  Productions  of  the  Chief  Houses  may  bo 
inspected,  BUT  NOT  PURCHASED. 


ALL 


MALL 

(Established  1893.) 


CLUB. 


The  Committee  propose  (prior  to  entering  on  New  and  Larger  Pre- 
mises) to  elect  FIVE  HUNDRED  NEW  TOWN  MEMBERS  and  ONE 
THOUSAND  NBW  COUNTRY  MEMBERS  at  the  Original  Subscrip- 
tion of  3(.  3*.  and  11.  Is.  per  annum  respectively. 

The  Subscription  for  Future  Members  will  then  be  raised  to  51.  is. 
(Town)  and  21.  2s.  (Country). 

For  further  particulars  apply  to  the  Hon.  Secretarv,  Pall  Mall  Club 
Offices,  60,  Haymarket,  S.W. 


THE  SESAME  CLUB, 
for  Ladles  and  Gentlemen,  Is  of  the  usual  character  of  Social 
Clubs.  It  Is  also  intended  as  a  centre  for  those  interested  in  Literature 
Science,  Art,  and  especially  in  improved  methods  of  Education,  but  Is 
pledged  to  no  religious,  social,  or  political  party. 

The  Club,  which  was  founded  in  1895,  will  more  at  Easter  to  29, 
DOVER-STREET,  PICCADILLY,  where  a  larger  house,  with  fine 
Reception-Rooms  (and  Bed-Rooms  for  accommodation  of  Ladles)  has 
been  secured. 

The  8E8AME  is  not  a  commercial  speculation,  and  Is  under  the 
management  of  a  Committee,  consisting  of  an  equal  number  of  Men 
and  Women,  in  whom  is  vested  the  election  of  Members.  No  Entrance 
Fee  as  yet.  Special  terms  for  Country  Members.— Apply  to  The 
Sicrbtarv,  171,  Victoria-street,  S.W. 


w 


ANTED,    EASY   LITERARY  WORK    for 

spare  hours—  Cantab.,  care  of  A.  J.  Isard,  Esq  ,  Solicitor,  14, 
Queen-street,  Cheapside,  B.C. 

G.OOD    WRITER,    Bookkeeper,   fluent    German 
(acquired  in  Germany),  some  French,  SEEKS  WORK  AT  HOME 
or  position  as  Private  Secretary— Write  Star,  295,  Strand,  London. 

MUSICAL     CRITIC     can     supply     Weekly    or 
Fortnightly    LONDON    LETTER   to    Provincial    or   Colonial 
Journal.— Address  Baton,  care  of  Wllling's,  162,  Piccadilly,  W. 

A  PROFESSIONAL  MAN,  who  is  a  Graduate  of 
London  University,  will  be  glad  of  LITERARY  OCCUPATION 
for  spare  hours.— Address  B.  A.,  Ialrlight,  Gleneldon-road,  Streatbam, 

s.w, 

EXPERIENCED  SCIKNCE  MISTRESS,  B.Sc. 
London,  REQUIRES  WORK  cither  In  Schools  or  with  Private 
Pupils.  Botany,  Zoology  and  Physiology,  Geology  and  Physical  Geo- 
graphy, Mathematics,  Physics.  Elementary  Chemistry.  —  Miss  Am 
KiitiN,  41,  Drakefell-road.  Nunhead,  si: 

OFFICE  and  SERVICES  of  intelligent  REPRE- 
RKNTATIVE  OFFERED  genuine  Association  or  Enterprise- 
Philanthropic.  Literary,  Commercial,  or  Professional— by  a  business- 
like Woman  having  Secretarial  and  Journalistic  experience.  N.B. 
Services  of  Gentleman  Representative  when  needed.— Particulars,  Id 
confidence,  to  Cooperation,  Box  500,  Wllling's,  125,  Strand. 

India  Opfke,  February  25, 1897. 

A  PROFESSOR  of  NATURAL  SCIENCE  is 
REQUIRED  for  the  THOMASON  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
KVRKI.  In  the  North-West  Provinces  of  India.  He  should  be  a  Prac- 
tical Electrical  Engineer,  and  qualified  to  lecture  in  and  teach  Elec- 
tricity, Magnetism.  Heat  Sound,  Light,  and  the  Elements  of  Chemistry 
Geology,  and  Mineralogy.  He  should  understand  Telegraph  Engineer- 
ing. 

The  salary  will  bo  Rupees  500  a  month  in  the  first  year,  rising  by 
lis  60  a  year  to  IU.  700  If  retained  on  termination  of  five  years'  agree- 
ment salary  R«.  750  a  month  rising  to  Rs.  1.0O0,  with  benefit  of  Leave 
and  Pension  Rules  from  date  of  first  appointment. 

Applications  should  be  addressed  to  the  Secretary,  Judicial  and  Public 
Department,  India  Office,  London,  not  later  than  the  end  of  March 

A.  GODLEY,  Under-Secretary  of  State  for  India. 


QUEEN'S     COLLEGE     (for    LADIES), 
43  and  45,  Harley-street. 
The  ARNOTT  PROFESSORSHIP  of  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY  will 
SHORTLY  BECOME  VACANT. 
For  particulars  apply  to  the  Lady  Resident. 

MALE  TRAINING  COLLEGE  (Undenomi- 
national  I,  KINGSTON,  JAMAICA.— PRINCIPAL  and  VICE- 
PRINCIPAL  WANTED  for  JANUARY  1,  1898.  Salaries  350!  (rising 
to  400M,  with  house,  lights,  and  medical  attendance. — Apply  to  Rev. 
J.  W.  Gedge,  29,  Victoria  Park-square,  E. 

ROYAL  INDIAN  ENGINEERING  COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill.  Staines.— The  Coarse  of  Study  is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  in  Europe,  India,  and  the  Colonies.  About 
40  Students  will  be  admitted  in  September,  1897.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Competition  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  in  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointments 
as  Assistant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department.— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  College. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL.  —  An  EXAMINA- 
TION will  be  held  in  JULY  NEXT,  TO  FILL  UP  not  less 
than  FIVE  RESIDENT.  FIVE  NON-RESIDENT  QUEEN'S  SCHOLAJR- 
SHIPS,  and  TWO  EXHIBITIONS  —Details  may  be  obtained  from  The 
Head  Master,  Dean's-yard,  Westminster. 

THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRY  AT.  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Writing  Fiction,  Journalism,  and  the  Drama. — Apply  to  Secretary,  26, 
Abercorn-place,  N.W. 

SCHOOL  for  the  DAUGHTERS  of  GENTLE- 
MEN,  Granville  House,  Meade,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education. 
Highest  references.  Home  comforts.  Large  grounds,  with  Croquet 
and  Tennis  Lawns. — For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Principal. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
Scholastic  Association  i'a  body  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Gra- 
duates) gives  Advice  and  Assistance,  without  charge,  to  Parents  and 
Guardians  in  the  selection  of  Schools  (for  Boys  or  Girls)  and  Tutors  for 
all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad  —A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  K  J.  Beevor,  MA.,  8,  Lancaster-place, 
Strand.  London,  W.C. 

EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs.  GABBITAS, 
THRING  &  CO.,  who,  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
the  best  Schools  for  Boys  and  Girls,  and  successful  Tutors  in  England 
and  abroad,  will  furnish  careful  selections  if  supplied  with  detailed 
requirements. — 36,  Sackville-street,  W. 

A  GENTLEMAN  of  literary  taste  REQUIRED 
in  a  well-established  COUNTRY  BUSINESS.  Must  invest  1,5001., 
or  be  able  to  introduce  this  amount  by  subscription  for  Shares  in  Com- 
pany. Exceptional  and  genuine  opening.  Salary  and  profits  about 
4001.    Investment  can  be  doubled. 

Mr.  Watt,  Partnership  Agent,  33,  Paternoster-row,  EC. 

TYPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.   per  folio 
of  72  words.     References  to  Authors.— Miss  Gladding,  28,  Lans- 
downe-gardens,  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

''PYPE-WRITING.— 1#.  per   1,000  words.      Large 

JL  quantities  by  arrangement  Examination  Questions  Reduplicated. 
Dramatic  Work  advised  upon  (and  arranged)  by  experienced  S.M. — 
Favcit  Da ALisoN,  88,  Iverson-road,  West  Hampstead,  N.W. 

^TYPE-WRITING.— MSS.,  Scientific,  and  of  all 

JL  Descriptions,  Copied.  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care. 
Dictation  Rooms  (Shorthand  or  Type-writing).  Usual  terms.— Misses 
E.  B.  &  I.  Faaran,  Hastings  House,  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  London 
(for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

HPHE      EXCEL       TYPE-WRITING      CO., 

49,  BROAD-STREET  HOUSE,  OLD  BROAD-STREET, 

WANTS  YOUR  TYPE- WRITING. 


SPECIAL  TERMS  TO  AUTHORS,  LITTERATEURS,  AND 
PLAYWRIGHTS. 

SECRETARIAL  BUREAU— Confidential  Secre- 
tary, Miss  PETHERHKIDOE  (Natural  Science  Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  staff  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Steno- 
graphers, and  Typists.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters. 
Literary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU,  9.  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indcxers.    Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

^TYPE-WRITERS    and  CYCLES.— The  standard 

JL  makes  at  half  the  usual  prices.  Machines  lent  on  hire,  also  Bought 
and  Exchanged.  Sundries  and  Repairs  to  all  Machines.  Terms,  cash 
or  instalments.  MS.  copied  from  lOd.  per  1,000  words.— N.  Tavloa, 
71.  Chancery-lane,  London.  Established  1884.  Telephone  (3690.  Tele- 
grams, "Glossator,  London." 

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R     ANDERSON   &    CO.,    Advertising  Agents, 
•        14,  COCKS PUR-8TREET,  CHARING  CROSS,  8.W., 
Insert  Advertisements  In  all  Papers.  Magar.lnes,  Ac  ,  at  the  lowest 
possible  prices.     Special  terms  to  Institutions,  Schools,  Publishers, 
Manufacturers,  Ac  ,  oo  application. 


FRANCE. —  The  ATHENiEUM  can  be 
obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMIENS.  ANTIBES.  BEAULIEU- SUR  -  MER,  BIARRITZ,  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-8UR-MER.  CALAIS.  CANNES,  DIJON.  DUN- 
KIRK,  HAVRE.  LILLE,  LYONS.  MARSEILLES.  MENTONB, 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS, 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoli,  Paris. 

0RTHERN    NEWSPAPER    SYNDICATE, 

KENDAL. 


N 


LITERARY  AGENTS. 


FICTION,  SERIES  OF  AB.TICLES,  WEEKLY  SERVICES. 

rpo    AUTHORS.— The    ROXBURGHE    PRESS, 

JL  15,  Victoria-street.  Westminster,  are  OPEN  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
in  all  Branches  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  a  view  to  Publish- 
ing in  Volume  Form.  Every  facility  for  bringing  Works  before  the 
Trade,  the  Libraries,  and  the  Reading  Public.  Illustrated  Catalogue 
post  free  on  application. 

9,  Hart-street,  Bloomsbvry,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Covent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench,  Trubner  A  Co  ,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  has 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBLISHER  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS.  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Books.    Address  as  above 

THE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.      Established  1879. 

JL  Proprietor,  Mr.  A.  M.  BUKGHES,  1,  Paternoster-row.  The 
Interests  of  Authors  capably  represented  Proposed  Agreements, 
Estimates,  and  Accounts  examined  on  behalf  of  Authors.  MSS.  placed 
with  Publishers.  Transfers  carefully  conducted.  Thirty  years'  practical 
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Contains   hairless   paper,  over  which    the   pen  slips  with    perfect 
freedom     Sixpence  each.    5».  per  do^en,  ruled  or  plain. 


330 


Til  E     ATIIENjEUM 


N°  3020,  March  13,  '9' 


THE  AUTOTYPE  COMPANY. 


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.Saks  »g  Jvuction, 

MESSRS.    HODGSON    beg    to    announce    the 
following  RALKS  hy  AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  115,  Chancery- 
lane,  W.C.  (commencing  at  1  o'clock  each  day) : — 

On   WEDNESDAY,    March   17,   valuable  LAW 

HOOKS,  including  the  LIBRARIES  of  TWO  BARRISTERS,  compris- 
ing the  New  Law  Reports,  186S-G  and  1878— Law  Times  and  Reports, 
New  Series,  177  vols  —  Moore's  Privy  Council  Cases.  L'4  vols—  BOON  vt 
Lords  Cases,  by  Dow  and  C  Clark,  18  vols.— Hea van's  Reports.  ;Jti  vols., 
and  other  Modern  Kquity  Cases— Irish  Reports,  W  vols—  Law Journal 
Report* — Year-Hooks  by  Maynard,  11  vols.— good  Selection  ol  Modern 
Practical  Work*  and  Rooks  of  Reference. 

On  THURSDAY,  March  18,  and  Following  Day, 

DUPLICATES  from  the  LIBRARY  of  a  NOBLEMAN,  and  other 
Properties,  comprising  Martial  and  Naval  Achievement*.  1  vols  — 
Chronicles  of  Holtnshed,  Grafton,  &e,  11'  vols  —Evelyn's  Works.  5  vols 
—  Hciss.  Mcdalllcs  de  la  Renaissance,  3  vols — Hefncr-Alteneck.  lron- 
irork  ol  the  bilddle  Ages  — Sheraton's  Cabinet  Maker  QlMM  -  rookery 
Bewick's  Works,  6  TOlA— Badminton  Library,  8  vols.  Large  Paper— 
Barton's  Arabian  Nights.  16  Tola.— Bocoaoctoa  Deouneron,  i  vols  — 
Li  Pontalne'i  lales,*  roll.— Woidaworta'i  Works,  11  vols  —  Produc- 
tions ol  the  KelanMOtt  Pross— The  Bonier  Wavcrley  Novels.  18  vols. 
I  ,.ii-  e  Paper  Diekeni'l  Works,  Library  Edition  ami  Edition  do  luxe, 
BO  role.-  Huinss  rooms,  .to,  1  vols-  Dmv's  Bakik.eepeei'e,  B  role.— 
Knight's  Portrelte,  7  role,  smith*  Mono-Portrmlta,  6  vols —Modem 
Artiste,  Proofe— Heidelolia  Gallery  of  Fashion,  6  vols.  In  8,nnd  I 
on  Costume  Hooks  relating  bo  Napoleon— French  Tracts  and  Plays— 
Books  ol  Travel— Early  Manuscripts,  &c.  __ 

,To  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  had. 


M 


////.    .»/'/.%  ia'.i      COLLECTION    Of    COINS. 

I  inal  Purlv/n  of the  Greek  and  Human  Serve*. 
..ESSRS.  SOTHKBY,    WILKINSON   4:   HODGI 

.'I      aril]  SELL   by  AUCTION    at  tf  r-ir   H    SM    Su    IS    *  ssaaatsakas 

strand    v%  <      on  MOM  DAY    March  1",  ai  -ib«L«h. 

(be   PINAL  PORTION  of  the  Oh.  .   .k?.^| 

I  Roman,  su»er,and  Broaie(.oia*  and  MedeMluaaof  la*  lata  1 

atOMTAOl      Pjq 

May  I*  ilcxed     Cataloguea.  Illustrated  with  Autotype  Plata,  sett  U 
had,  price  3>  each 

TU  Valuable  Library  of  the  lite  JAMBS  PARLANB,  £a; 

J. P.,  of  HxuhiAme,  Manchester . 

MESSRS.  BOTHKBY,  WILKINSON  tc  HODGE 
will  6KLL  by  AUCTION  iby  order  of  u.e  Liecutun 
House.    No     13     Wellln(rv»n- street     htrand,    W.C.    on    &A1'1  HJjiy 
March  20  and  MONDAY.  March  27  at  1  o'clock  prcc;- 
LlllRAUY  of  the  Utc  JAMPs  PAlll.ANK    K^4     J  1'     of  Applet,,  La*,. 
Rusholme,  Manchester,  including  Rare  w  ■  uaaaasy'ui 

I/arien — an  extensive  Collection  of  Civil  War  ltn-u  \«Juabte  Tiscia 
and  Rooks  relating  to  Scotland  —  Archa-oloriral  Put,.>caiioau  — Flrat 
Editions  of  Works  by   Deloe— Gaelic  s<  '.cuotaarlss— <Ja< 

Tracts  on  Theology— Black-Letter  Bibles     Hrprlats  of 
and  comprising  Burns's  Poems.  First  Edinburgh  Edition    1*-*    Tt~" 
Edition,  1787;    Second  Edinburgh  Edilo  •  i  .<•  a   H.aivy  ,• 

England.  10  vols  — Dictioaarlum  Kcoto-Oltu-um,  2  vols.— Jaaakssn  a 
ScottiBh  Iiictionarr.  wit>i  Supplement  5  vola  -k  -  *  Trsve,, 

1'  vols.  First  Edition.  4te  Also  the  REMAINING  I'.l.lloN  of  u, 
LIBRARY  of  the  late  Sir  G  W.  DASENT.  lil'L.ic,  including  kir. 
Works  of  Icelandic  Literature,  Sagas,  Folk-lore,  Ac  .  many  of  arairt 
are  Translated  and  Edited  by  Mr  G.  W  Uauent— Thackeray's  The  Sax,- 
and  the  Gownsman— Swinburne's  Alalanta  in  CaJydon,  First  Eausaaas— 
Black-Letter  books,  etc. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Etchings,  Oil  Paintinct,  and  Water-  Cok+r 
Drawings  of  the  late  W.  J.  G ALLOW A  Y,  Eiq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k.  HODGE 
will   SELL  by  AUCTION  (bv  order  of  the  st  tkr  • 

House,  No  13,  Wellington- street,  Strand,  W  C  .  on  Tl  »I>».Y  Mar^. 
23.  at  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  COLLECTION  of  EI'  Hr- 
PA1NI1NGS,  and  WATER-COLOl'R  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  a* 
the  late  W.  J.  GALLOWAY,  of  Islington,  comprising  Etchings  to 
Rajon,  Waltner,  Brunet  Debaines  F  Seymoor  Haden.  H  Herkoaatr 
R  Macbeth,  C.  MCryon.  J.  F.  Millet  S  I-almer.  Ac  .  Drawings  bv  H 
Herkomer.  S  Prout,  Sir  J.  E  Millais.  Neuhurs  W  Hunt  Yariey.  T  t 
Hardy,  R  W.  Macbeth.  De  Wint.  Cattermole  J  M  N  WhisUer,  Bar  E. 
Burne-Jones.  &c.;  Paintings  by  Joseph  and  Albert  Neuhuys,  W  Mar  i 
T.  Lloyd.  T.  Hines,  Lord  Leighton,  and  others. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable  Drawings,  the  Property  of  a  well-known  Amateur 
and  the  Collection  of  Engravings  of  JOSH  t  A  WILSOS. 
Esq.,  of  Tunbridge  Wells. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13.  Vi  lllaitss 
street,  Strand,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  March  i'-t.  and  Following  Iaar 
at  1  o'clock  precisely,  valuable  DRAWINGS,  the  Property  of  a  weL- 
known  AMATEUR,  comprising  fine  Examples  by  Copley  PleaaUat 
David  Cox,  T.  Girtin,  Cruikshank.  Rowlanda^n,  Bartoloza.  Oajea. 
Hearne.  and  other  Masters  of  the  English  Schools;  also  valaafct 
ENGRAVINGS,  including  the  Collection  of  JOSHUA  WILSON.  Ek. 
of  Tunbridge  Wells,  comprising  Works  by  Bartolorzi.  Kauffmsaa. 
Cipriani,  Ward,  6.  Reynolds,  Morland,  Cousins,  V.  Green,  J.  Smith.  A: 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior     Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Collection  of  Coins  and  Medals  of  the  late  Rev.  THOMAS 
CALVERT,  of  Sandy  sike,  Cumberland. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGK 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Exeeutorsi.  at  tker 
House,  No.  13,  Wellington-street,  Strand.  W  C  .  on  FRIDAY,  March  X 
and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  OOLLWH  lo.s  d 
LOINS  and  MEDALS  of  the  late  Rev  THOMAS  CALVERT.  MA.  FJ1, 
of  Sandysike,  Cumberland,  including  the  following:  Grec. 
Roman  and  Byzantine  Gold.  Roman  Brass  and  Denarii— an  importac: 
series  of  Mohammedan  Coins  in  Gold.  Silver,  and  Copper— BriUsk 
Anglo-Saxon,  and  English,  Colonial,  and  Foreign  Coins  in  Gold  as: 
Silver— a  few  War  and  other  Medals,  including  a  rare  Dublin  ataarl- 
mental.  1780,  &c— Persian  Talisman,  Seals,  Gems,  Ac  —Coin  Caniatts 
and  Numismatic  Books. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  Portion  of  the  Library  of  the  late  F.  W.  SMITH,  Esq., 
of  Belfast. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  TUESDAY.  March  30.  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 
BOOKS.  Including  the  Property  of  G.  B.  WORTHING'ION,  E*o  .  eoaa 
prising  Sporting  Works— Voyages— Topography,  ftc.;  the  Property  of  s 
LADY,  consisting  of  Biographical  Works  Illustrated  Hooks— Travels 
—Galleries— Fine-Art  and  Scientific  Publications— Dictionaries  Ac  .  s 
PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  ol  the  late  F.  W  SMITH,  Esq  ,  of  Belfast, 
consisting  chiefly  of  French  and  Italian  Works,  the  Property  of  as 
AUSTRIAN  NOBLEMAN,  comprising  scarce  Sporting  Works:  tks 
Property  of  J.  C  CROYVDY,  Esq  .  consisting  of  the  Writinfs  ef 
Dickens.  Surtees,  Thackeray,  and  others.  Caricatures  by  Heath.  At.;  utt 
other  Properties,  in  which  will  be  found  YVorks  by  Swinburne.  B.  L 
Stevenson,  Doyle,  Bewick,  Geo.  Meredith.  Audsley,  and  Bowes.  Ac. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


Engravings  by  Masters  of  the  English  School,  the  Propt- 
the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  CRA  WFORD. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGK 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  YV  C.  on  WEDNESDAY".  March  31  at  1  o  clock  pre 
ENGRAVINGS,  including  Fancy  Subjeeu  by  Masters  of  the  Bagttsk 
School,  some  finely  printed  in  Colours  comprising  Master  Philip  Ysrtc 
and  the  Age  of  Innocence,  both  after  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds — andTnoasftys 
on  Matrimony  after  J.  R  Smith,  all  in  the  finest  condition,  the  Pronrty 
of  the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  CRA  WFORD;  also  other  lropeiUsa 
comprising  Mezzotint  Portraits  after  Sir  J  Reynolds.  Ac  —the  Cries  of 
London.'  after  Wheatlev— Lad>  Kenyon.  after  Hoppucr  Miss  lanes 
after  Sir  T.  Lawreneo— and  others;  also  the  Series  of  Six  Original 
YVatcr-Colour  Drawings  by  R.  Cmldccott  illustrating  '  The  Mad  Dof ,'  by 
Oliver  Goldsmith.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

MONDA  V  A  EXT. 
7he  Valuable  Collection  of  Shells  formed  by  the  late  REGINALD 
CHOLMOX DELEY,  Esq.,  removed  from  Condover  Ball, 
Shrewsbury,  including  many  Pine  and  Rare  Species.  etptetaUf 
in  Murei,  Conus,  loluta.  Pecten,  and  Spondylus,  fc;  also 
the  Beautiful  Ebonued  Plate-Glass  Cases  in  which  they  uert 
contained. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
to  SELL  the  above  bv  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  «  King- 
Street,  (  o.ont  garden,  on  MONDAY  NEXT,  March  15,  at  half-past 
IV  o'clock  precisely. 

on  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catt 
logues  had. 


N°3620,  March  13,  ' 


97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


331 


FRIDAY  NEXT.— Important  Sale. 
Expensive  Photographic  Apparatus,  including  first-class  Camera 
Sets,  with  all  the  latest  fittings  ;  Lenses  in  many  sizes.  Shut- 
ters, Stands,  Cases,  Plates,  Sjc.  ;  Optical  Goods,  Microscopes, 
Opera  Glasses,  Electrical  Apparatus,  Books,  Equatorial  and 
other  Telescopes,  Cooke's  Micrometer,  Transit  Instrument, 
■Sidereal  Chronometer,  Theodolite,  Sjc.  ;  also  Four  Type  Regis- 
tering and  Advertising  Cash  Tills,  $c,  and  Miscellaneous 
Property. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL    the   above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  Kjnif-street,  Coyent-garden, 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  March  19,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  ylew  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  ol  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
bad. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  giye  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  : — 

On  MONDAY,  March  15,  the  COLLECTION  of 

PORCELAIN,  PLATE,  and  DECORATIVE  OBJECTS  of  the  late  Sir 
CHARLES  BOOTH.  Bart. ;  and  SHERATON,  PAINTED  and  INLAID 
SATINWOOD  FURNITURE,  CHIPPENDALE  and  MAHOGANY  FUR- 
NITURE, the  Property  of  a  GENTLEMAN. 

On  MONDAY,  March  15,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  the  ENGRAVED  WORKS  of  Sir  JOSHUA 
REYNOLDS,  formed  hy  FREDERIC.  Third  EARL  of  BES8BOROUGH, 
the  Property  of  the  Hon.  ASHLEY  PONSONBY. 

On  THURSDAY,   March  18,  COLLECTION    of 

PORCELAIN  and  OLD  ENGLISH  FURNITURE  of  a  LADY,  deceased, 
and  DECORATIVE  FURNITURE,  TAPESTRY,  and  OBJECTS  of  ART 
from  numerous  sources. 

On   FRIDAY,  March   19,   the   REMAINING 

WORKS  of  the  late  G.  A.  FRIPP,  R.W.S. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  20,  the  COLLECTIONS 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  J.  NUTTALL,  Esq.,  and 
of  the  late  J.  A.  BACCHUS,  Esq. 

On  MONDAY,  March  22,  the  COLLECTION  of 

MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  JOHN  BAYLISS,  Esq. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  23,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  the  WORKS  of  FRANCIS  BARTOLOZZI,  R.A.. 
formed  by  FREDERIC,  Third  EARL  of  BESSBOROUGH,  the  Property 
of  the  Hon.  ASHLEY  PONSONBY. 

On  FRIDAY,  March  26,  PORCELAIN,  DECORA- 

TIVE  OBJECTS,  and  OLD  ENGLISH  SILVER  of  the  late  HENRY 
JENKINS,  Esq. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  27,  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  the  late  HENRY 
JENKINS,  Esq 

On  MONDAY,  March  29,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  after  Sir  E.  LANDSEER  of  Sir 
HUMPHREY  DE  TRAFFORD,  Bart. 

On    THURSDAY,     April    1,    the    CONDOVER 

HALL  LIBRARY  of  the  late  REGINALD  CHOLMONDELEY,  Esq. 

On    SATURDAY,   April    3,    the    REMAINING 

WORKS  of  the  late  HAMILTON  MACALLUM. 

Postage  Stamps. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON  will   SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C.,  on 
TUESDAY,  March  16,  and  Following  Day,  at  half-past  5  o'clock  precisely, 
rare  BRITISH,  FOREIGN,  and  COLONIAL  POSTAGE  STAMPS. 
Catalogues  may  be  had  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Library  of  the  late  Admiral  BA  UGH  (by  order  of  the 
Executors) . 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester-square,  W  C,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  March  17.  and  Two  Following  Days,  at  ten  minutes 
past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  LIBRARY  of  the  late  Admiral  BAUGH, 
and  other  Properties,  amongst  which  will  be  found  Punch,  Complete  Set 
—Henry  Irrlng  Shakespeare.  8  vols— Fielding  and  Thackeray's  Works, 
Edition  de  Luxe— George  Eliot's  Works— Morris's  Views  of  Seats— 
Rogers's  Italy,  Large  Paper— Bourke's  History  of  White's,  2  toIs.— 
English  Dance  of  Death  —  Qillray't  Works  —  Lacroix's  Works  — 
Whitaker's  Leeds  and  Craven— Brown's  Annals  of  Newark— Whvmper's 
Scrambles  and  Great  Andes— Hoare's  Ancient  Wiltshire— Dickens's 
Works,  Original  Editions,  bound  in  13  vols,  calf  gilt— Hor.T,  printed 
upon  vellnm,  1515— Pasquine  in  a  Traunce,  1584— Palmerin  d'Oliva,  The 
Mirrour  of  Nobilltle— Blake's  Silver  Drops,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Miscellaneous  Property, 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square,  W.C.,  on 
THURSDAY,  March  25.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  MISCEL- 
LANEOUS PROPERTY,  comprising  China— fine  old  Cut  Glass— Minia- 
tures— Coins  and  Medallions— old  and  modern  Silver— Sheffield  and 
other  Plate— and  a  few  Lots  of  Antique  Furniture. 
Catalogues  on  application. 

Musical  Instruments,  including  the  Collection  of  the  late 
WM.  HENRY  EDWARDS,  Esq.,  and  a  Musical  Library 
formed  by  an  Amateur. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square,  W  C  on 
TUE8DAY,  March  30,  at  half  past  12  o'clock  precisely.  GRAND  and 
COTTAGE  PIANOFORTES,  HARMONIUMS,  and  ORGANS-Double 
and  Single  Action  Harps— Violins,  Violas,  and  Violoncellos,  including 
the  Collection  of  the  late  WILLIAM  HENRY  EDWARDS,  Esq  (by 
order  of  the  Executors)— a  large  quantity  of  American  and  Zither 
Banjos  Mandolines,  and  Guitars— Brass  and  Wood- Wind  Instruments 
ftc.  Also  the  valuable  MUSIC  LIBRARY,  collected  during  the  past 
twenty-five  years  by  an  AMATUER,  consisting  principally  of  Solos 
Duett,  Trios,  Quartets,  and  Quintet*  for  stringed  Instruments. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 


Scarce  Engravings  and  Paintings,  the  Property  of  the  late 
E.  P.  LOFTC'S  BROCK,  Eoq.,  F.S.A. 

IESSRS.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON   will   SEL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47.   Leicester-square,  W.C  ,  on 
IDAY,  April  2,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'rlook  precisely,  aCOLLKC- 
)N  of  scarce  F.MiKWiM.s  and  PAINTINGS   formed  by  the  late 


JESSES.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON   will   SELL 
nui 

nr  scarce  KNORAVINOS  and  PAINTINGS"  formed  by  the  lato 
B.  P.  Lorn  |      F   s  A.  (by  order  of  the  Executrix). 

Catalogues  In  preparation. 


M 


Collection  of  Ex-Librii  and  Armorial  China 

ES8RS.    PUTTICK  &   SIMPSON   will    SELL 

by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  IT,    Leicester-square,    WC     on 

>AY     Anrll    rt    at  ttin  mlnnrn.  ..„..  1  ..-«t^.„i. i--i_    -    .....  '«»... 


■n-Miilv    ,..'.'         .     "■""«.«'.   Leicester  square,    WC,  on 

'     VuiPr'  °  at  t*n  mlnntes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLEC- 

I'lN    of    EX-I.IIUUS    comprising    Examples   In   the    l.arlv   English 

Jacobean,  Chippendale,  and  liartn|..r/i  Btylu,  many  of  which  arc  dated.' 

Catalogues  on  receipt  of  three  stamps. 


Further  Portion  of  the  Library  of  H.  J.  FARMER- 
ATKINSON,  Esq.,  F.S.A. ,  removed  from  Ore. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  ic  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester- square,  W.C, 
on  WEDNESDAY.  April  7,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a 
FURTHER  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  H.  J.  FARMEH-A TKINSON, 
Esq.,  F.S.A,,  consisting  chiefly  of  valuable  Examples  of  Biblical  and 
Liturgical  Literature  in  various  Languages. 

Catalogues  on  application. 

Valuable  Books  and  Manuscripts. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester- square,  W.C,  on 
THURSDAY,  April  8,  and  Following  Day.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock 
precisely,  a  valuable  COLLECTION  of  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS, 
comprising  many  choice  Examples  of  Early  Foreign  and  English  Printing 
—  Works  of  Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  Authors  — Scarce  Editions  of  the 
Bible— Manuscripts  on  Vellum,  with  Illuminated  Capitals  and  Minia- 
tures—fine Examples  of  BindiDgs.  some  with  Arms  ;  also  a  remarkable 
Collection  of  Early  Playbills  from  the  Vienna  Exhibition,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

CONTINUATION  of  SALES,  March  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  SO. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  respectfully  announces 
that  the  Royal  Victorian,  Antiquarian.  Topographical,  Literary, 
Print,  Art,  and  other  SALES  by  AUCTION,  advertised  by  him  in  this 
Paper  last  week,  will  be  CONTINUED,  at  1  o'clock,  on  similar  days  as 
named  above,  with  the  addition,  on  St.  Patrick's  Day.  of  special  Irish 
Items,  old  Papal  Portraits,  and  Views  of  Rome  ;  on  THURSDAY,  the  18th, 
the  old  American  Newspapers  and  Cuttings  (ad  1821  to  1824)  collected 
by  the  then  British  Ambassador  (Canning)  at  Washington  ;  and  on 
FRIDAY,  the  19th,  of  valuable  Unpublished  Works  of  the  "  Kew  Bee  " 
Literary  Society  and  existing  Copyrights,  at  his  Rooms,  12,  Rockley- 
road,  Shepherd's  Bush-green,  London,  W. 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 

HINDU  ASTRONOMY. 

By  W.  BRENNAND. 

With  numerous  Illustrations  and  Diagrams. 
PRE8S  NOTICE.— See  the  Leading  Article  on  this  Work  in  Nature, 
T.  55,  n.  1418,  ol  December  31,  1896. 

Royal  8vo.  price  21s. 
London :  Chas.  Straker  &  Sons,  Limited,  Bishopsgate-avenue,  E.C. 

DAVID    N  UTT, 

270-271,  STEAND. 

— ♦ — 

FOLK-LORE. 

Transactions  of  the  Folk-lore  Society. 

A    QUARTERLY    REVIEW    OF    MYTH,    TRADITION, 
INSTITUTION,  AND  CUSTOM. 

(Incorporating  the  Archaeological  Review  and  the 
Folk-lore  Journal.) 

Vol.  VIII.  No.  1.    MARCH,  1897.    5s.  net. 

Contents. 

NEAPOLITAN  WITCHCRAFT.    J.  B.  Andrews. 

SOME  NOTES  on  the  PHYSIQUE,  CUSTOMS,  and 
SUPERSTITIONS  of  the  PEASANTRY  of  INNIS- 
HOWEN,  co.  DONEGAL.    Thomas  Doherty. 

ANNUAL  REPORT  of  the  COUNCIL. 

Presidential  Address:— The  FAIRY  MYTHOLOGY  of 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE  :  its  ORIGIN  and  NATURE. 

REVIEWS.— H.  Clay  Trumbull,  'The  Threshold  Covenant' 
— C.  Horstman,  '  Richard  Rolle,'  vol.  i. — Mrs.  K.  Langloh 
Parker  and  Andrew  Lang,  M.A.,  '  Australian  Legendary 
Tales'— Daniel  G.  Brinton,  'The  Myths  of  the  New 
World  ' — Franz  Boas,  '  Indianische  Sagen  von  der  Nord- 
Pacifischen  Kiiste  Amerikas' — Italo  Pizzi,  '  Le  Novelle 
Indiane  di  Visnusarma  (Panciatantra) '  —  Frank  Byron 
Jevons,  M.A.  Litt.D.,  'An  Introduction  to  the  History 
of  Religion.' 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Staffordshire  Superstitions. 
MABEL  PEACOCK.— The  Staffordshire  Horn  -  Dance. 
MABEL  PEACOCK.  —  The  Hood -Game  at  Haxey. 
MABEL  PEACOCK.— Hob  Thrust.  LELAND  L.  DUN- 
CAN—All  Souls'  Day.  DOROTHEA  TOWNSHEND. 
-Dozzels.  W.  CROOKE.— Irish  Funeral  Customs.  W. 
CROOKE— The  Ten  Wazirs.     L.  GOLDMERSTEIN. 

MISCELLANEA.— Balochi  Tales  (concluded  from  vol.  iv.), 
Nos.  19,  20.  M.  LONGWORTH  DAMES.  —  The  Part 
played  by  Water  in  Marriage  Customs.  L.  GOLD- 
MKRSTEIN.— Marks  on  Ancient  Monuments.  CHAS. 
GODFREY  LELAND.— The  Straw  Goblin.  CHARLES 
GODFREY  LELAND.  —  Charms  from  Siam.  M.  C. 
FFENNELL.— More  Staffordshire  Superstitions.  CHAR- 
LOTTE S.  BURNE.— Charm  for  the  Evil  Eye.  MARY 
H.  DBBENHAM.— Marriage  Superstitions.  E.  SIDNEY 
HARTLAND.— The  Swiss  Folk-lore  Society. 

OBITUARY:  W.  A.  Clouston.— BIBLIOGRAPHY—  LIST 
of  MEMBERS.  

V  Mr.  NUTT  will  shortly  issue  for  the  Folk-lore  Society 
the  Extra  Volume  for  1896,  The  PROCESSION  and  ELEVA- 
TION of  the  CERI  at  GUBBIO.  By  HERBERT  M. 
BOWER    Illustrated. 


FROM 

A.  &  C.  BLACK'S    LIST. 


RECENT  PUBLICATIONS. 
STORIES  of  EVERYDAY  LIFE  in  MODERN 

CHINA.    ByT.  WATTERS.    8*.  t\,l. 

CAOBA,  the   GUERILLA   CHIEF.     A  real 

Romance  of   the  Cuban   Rebellion.     By   P.  H.   EMER- 
SON.   6j. 

The    CELTIC    CHURCH    of   WALES.     By 

J.  W.  WILLIS  BUND.     12».  6rf.  net. 

ELEMENTS  of  HEBREW  GRAMMAR.    By 

i  lie  Rev.  M.  ADLER.    If.  net, 

MAORI    TALES    and    LEGENDS.     By   K. 

M'COSH  CLARK.    6s. 


Demy  8vo.  cloth,  price  30s.  net. 

A  DICTIONARY  of  BIRDS.     By 

ALFRED  NEWTON,  M.A.  F.R.S.,  Professor 
of  Zoology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Assisted  by  HANS 
GADOW,  F.R.S.,  Strickland  Professor  and 
University  Lecturer  in  Advanced  Morphology, 
Cambridge.  With  Contributions  by  RICHARD 
LYDEKKER,  B.A.  F.R.S.;  CHARLES  S.  ROY, 
M.A.  F.R.S.;  and  ROBERT  W.  SHUFELDT, 
M.D.  (late  United  States  Army). 

Demy  8vo.  buckram,  price  21s. 

ARTISTIC  and  SCIENTIFIC  TAXI- 

DERMY  and  MODELLING.  A  Manual  of 
Instruction  in  the  Methods  of  Preserving  and 
Reproducing  the  correct  form  of  all  Natural 
Objects,  including  a  Chapter  on  the  Modelling 
of  Foliage.  By  MONTAGU  BROWNE,  F.G.S. 
F.Z.S.,  &c,  Curator  of  the  Leicester  Corpora- 
tion Museum  and  Art  Gallery.  With  22  Full- 
Page  Illustrations  and  11  Illustrations  in  Text. 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  5s. 

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with  Observations  on  the  Influence  of  Heredity 
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INTRODUCTION  to  the  STUDY  of 

FUNGI :  their  Organography,  Classification, 
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148  Illustrations  in  the  Text. 

Demy  8vo.  cloth,  price  18s.  net. 

ZOOLOGY  of  the  INVERTEBRATA. 

A  Text-Book  for  Students.  By  A.  E.  SHIPLEY, 
M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Christ's 
College,  and  Demonstrator  of  Comparative 
Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
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MILE :  its  Nature  and  Composition. 

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AIKMAN,  M.A.  D.Sc.     Illustrated. 

In  2  vols,  crown  8vo.  cloth,  price  3s.  6^.  each. 

An  INTRODUCTION  to  STRUC- 
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PLANTS.  Illustrated  with  113  Figures.  Part  II. 
FLOWERLESS  PLANTS.  Illustrated  with 
114  Figures.  By  D.  HENRY  SCOTT,  Ph.D. 
F.R.S.,  Honorary  Keeper  of  the  Jodrell  Labora- 
tory, Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

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INVESTIGATIONS    on    MICR0- 

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Conditions  of  the  Phenomena  of  Life.  By 
O.  BUTSCHLI,  Professor  of  Zoology  in  the 
University  of  Heidelberg.  Authorized  Trans- 
lation by  E.  A.  MINCHIN,  B.A.  Oxon.,  Fellow 
of  Merton  College,  Oxford.  Illustrated  with 
12  Lithograph  Plates  and  23  Woodcuts. 

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MAMMALS  LIVING  and  EXTINCT. 

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B.A.     Illustrated  with  357  Figures. 


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The  STUDY  of  FISHES. 

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Illustrated  with  320  Figures. 


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I'll.  I).    F.R.S. 


A.  &  C.  BLACK,  Soho-square,  London. 


332 


THE     ATHENjEUM 


N°3620,  March  13,  '97 


MESSRS.  LONGMANS  &C0/S  LIST. 


MEMOIRS  OF  BARON  LEJEUNE, 

Aide-de-camp  to  Marshals  Berthier, 
Davout,  and  Oudinot. 

Translated  ntxl  Edited  from  I  lie  Original  Krench 

by  Mri.  ARTHUR  11KLL  (N.  D'ANVKKS). 

With  nn  IntriHluclioii  by  Major-fieneral  MAURICE,  CD. 

"There  wiu  almost  BO  form  of  ex  pi  *  U  BM  in  the  career  of 
a  Midler  uiuler  Napoleon  which  this  extraordinary  anil 
wonderful  creature  did  not  see.  In  rending  these  memoirs 
of  a  life  so  chequered  anil  of  experiences  so  rich  In  drama,  in 
variety,  in  strange  situiitions.  one  is  constantly  tempted  to 
think  of  what  the  elder  Dumas  would  have  made  of  such  an 
Opulent  story."—  Graphic. 

1111  Kl)  EDITION,  with  6  Portrait*,  Svo.  IS*. 

PICKLE  THE  SPY; 

Or,  the  Incognito  of  Prince  Charles. 

By  ANDHKW  LANG. 

"  In  this  brilliant  study  of  the  betrayal  and  extinction  of 
Jacobitism,  Mr.  Andiew  Lang  1ms  triumphantly  solved  a 
mystery  which  once  baffled  all  Europe." — 'limes. 

"  Mr.  Lang  has  unmasked  a  dead  traitor,  who  has  lain 
unsuspected  in  his  Highland  crave  for  close  upon  seven 
score  years.  It  was  right  it  should  be  done,  and  be  has 
done  it  well." — Athcnaum. 

" '  Pickle  the  Spy  '  will  be  one  of  the  books  by  which  the 
general  reader  may  remember  the  year  1897." 

Manchester  Guardian. 

VITA  MEDICA :  Chapters  of  Medical 

Life  and  Work.   By  Sir  BENJAMIN  WARD  RICHARD- 
SON. M.D.  LL.D.  F.R.S.    8vo.  16*. 
"  A  fascinating  book." — Daily  Aews. 

"  Marked  by  all  the  fluency  and  lucidity  of  style  which 
made  Sir  Benjamin  Richardson  so  popular  an  expounder  of 
medical  teachings." — Standard. 

NEW  BOOK  BY  PROF.  MAX  MILLER. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  to  the  SCIENCE 

of  MYTHOLOGY.  By  the  Right  Hon.  Prof.  MAX 
Mt'LLER,  K.M.,  Member  of  the  French  Institute. 
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College,  Oxford. 

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INTRODUCTION  to  the  STUDY  of  the  GREEK  TESTAMENT : 

comprising  a  Connected  Narrative  of  Our  Lord's  Life,  from  the  Synoptic  Gospels  in  the  Original  Greek.    With 
Concise  Grammar,  Notes,  &c.    By  THEOPH1LUS  D.  HALL. 


JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle-street. 


N°  3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


333 


CHAPMAN  &  HALL'S  NEW  AND  FORTHCOMING  BOOKS. 


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and   SPEECHES.     By  W.    S.   Lilly, 


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Messrs.  CHAPMAN  &  HALL,  who  are  the  owners  of  the  Copy- 
rights of  the  Works  of  Charles  Dickens  and  Thomas  Carlyle,  are  the 
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NEW  EDITIONS  OF  DICKENS  AND  CARLYLE. 

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already  spoken  of  their  admirable  Carlyle,  and  to-day  we  have  to  speak  of 
their  equally  admirable  Dickens." — Guardian. 


THE    GADSHILL    EDITION 

OF 

CHARLES  DICKENS'S  WORKS. 

Edited  by  ANDREW  LANG. 

In  32  Volumes,  square  crown  8vo.  price  6s.  each  Volume. 

In  issuing  the  GADSHILL  EDITION  of  the  Works  of  CHARLES  DICKENS,  Messrs. 
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publish  an  entire  edition  of  his  works,  are  making  this,  the  Gadshill  Edition,  the  most 
complete  that  has  ever  been  published. 

MR.  ANDREW  LANG  has  undertaken  to  write  an  Introduction  to  each  work ;  also 
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one  of  the  later  volumes. 

In  this  edition  will  be  included  '  SKETCHES  of  YOUNG  COUPLES  and  YOUNG 
GENTLEMEN,'  'SUNDAY  UNDER  THREE  HEADS,' and  'TheMUDFOG  PAPERS,' 
hitherto  not  Issued  in  any  existing  uniform  edition  of  Dickens's  works.  '  MASTER  HUM- 
PHREY'S CLOCK '  will  be  issued  in  the  form  in  which  it  was  originally  published— viz., 
with  'The  OLD  CURIOSITY  SHOP'  and  'BARNABY  RUDGE.' 

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The  PICKWICK  PAPERS.     2  vols,  with  43  Illustra- 

tions  by  Seymour  and  Phiz.  [Now  ready. 

The  ADVENTURES  of  OLIVER  TWIST.     1  vol.  with 

24  Illustrations  by  Cruikshank.  [Now  ready 

The  n<?xt  Volumes  will  be — 

NICHOLAS  NICKLEBY.    2  vols,  with  39  Illustrations 

by  Phiz,  and  Portrait  of  Charles  Dickens  by  Maclise,  engraved  by  Finden. 

THE    CENTENARY    EDITION 

OF 

THOMAS  CARLYLE'S  WORKS. 

Edited  by  H.  D.  TRAILL. 

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The  CENTENARY  EDITION,  now  being  brought  out,  is  under  the  supervision  of 
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With  a  view  of  making  the  CENTENARY  EDITION  as  complete  as  possible,  the  Pub- 
lishers intend  to  add  another  volume  to  the  already  well-known  works,  comprising  some 
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~.       ..  ,  .         ,  ,  [Heady  this  day. 

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334 


Til  E     AT  II  KN.Kl'  M 


N°  3G20,  March  13,  '97 


GEORGK    nil  LIP  &  SON  8 

NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 


THE     TERRITORIAL 

TYRANNY  OF  THE  TURK. 

1453-1896. 

A  Coloured  Map  with  Tabular  Statement 
showing  at  a  glance  the  date  of  conquest, 
and  period  of  subjection,  of  the  various 
Turkish  dependencies  past  and  present, 
with  then-  proper  relative  grouping,  and 
geographical  distribution. 

By  ARTHUR  PAUL,  M.A.  (Lond.), 
Lecturer  in   English,   King's  College,  London. 

Price,  folded  in  cover,  Is. 

Mr.  Gladstone  writing  to  the  Author  6ays  :—"  Allow  me 
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hope  that  it  may  aid  in  quickening  the  attention  of 
the  public  to  the  Eastern  Question,  the  curse  and  shame 
of  Christendom." 

THE    FOUNDATIONS    OF 
SUCCESS. 

A  Plea  for  Rational  Education. 

By  STANLEY  DE  BRATH,  M.Inst.C.E. 

Crown  8vo.  cloth,  2s.  6d. 

The  aim  of  this  book  is  to  make  a  practical 
suggestion  towards  supplying  the  admitted  de- 
mand for  Systematic  Secondary  Education  by 
showing  the  natural  principles  on  which  it  should 
be  based.  These  principles,  underljing  all  sound 
thought,  are  the  'Foundations  of  Success'  for 
individuals  and  nations. 

"  For    comprehensive    treatment     of     his    subject,    for 
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written,  and  for  lucid  statement  of  common-sense  prin- 
ciples, this  little  work  deserves  the  highest  commendation." 
Prof.  Bamsay,  F.B.S.,  in  the  Academy. 


ENGLISH  MAPS  FOR  ENGLISH 
READERS. 

"  It  is,  we  are  afraid,  true  that  many  of  the  current 
phrases  of  patriotic  support  to  home  products  are  honoured, 
even  by  those  who  utter  them,  in  the  breach  rather  than 
the  observance.  Those  who  patronize  foreign  in  preference 
to  English  articles  not  seldom  enter  the  excuse  that  the 
former  are  the  cheaper,  and  if  inferior  yet  serve  their  turn. 
We  are  the  more  pleased  to  be  able  to  call  attention  to  a 
publication  which  at  once  meets  the  needs  of  the  time,  is  of 
English  origin  and  manufacture,  and  is  produced  at  a  price 
which,  when  the  value  of  work  and  the  excellence  of  its 
execution  is  considered,  is  strikingly  small.  Lord  Bosebery 
once,  to  the  indignation  of  Mr.  Labouchere,  prided  himself 
that  the  little  England  party  was  dead.  As  regards  the 
cranks  of  individuals  the  legitimate  congratulations  perhaps 
came  too  soon.  Taken  in  its  broad  sense  the  verdict  is  a  true 
one,  and  irrespective  of  political  parties  British  hearts  beat 
proudly  at  the  thought  of  the  mighty  empire  over  which 
the  flag  of  England  waves.  Each  morning  brings  news  from 
every  quarter  of  the  globe  of  the  doings  of  England's  sons. 
The  colonies,  with  their  vigorous  life,  are  pressing  on  from 
strength  to  strength.  Level  laws  and  even  justice  are  daily 
gaining  wider  rule  in  lands  where  barbarism  and  savage 
tyranny  have  reigned  supreme.  The.  advance  of  civilization 
into  the  dark  places  of  the  earth  has  progressed  with  leaps 
and  bounds.  Lord  Salisbury's  wise  advice  to  statesmen 
wishful  to  appreciate  properly  international  questions  to 
study  large  maps  is  received  as  a  leading  rule.  But  not 
less  is  it  incumbent  on  all  citizens  of  a  world-wide  empire  to 
study  on  the  map  the  dominions  linked  with  the  destiny  of 
the  race.  Even  to  follow  the  '  little  wars,'  which  it  is  the 
pride  of  England  that  her  naval  and  military  forces  can, 
when  called  upon,  carry  out  so  brilliantly,  it  is  essential  that 
an  up-to-date  atlas  should  be  at  hand.  Never,  perhaps,  was 
the  need  more  in  evidence  than  in  the  last  few  years.  It  is 
excellently  met  by  the  '  New  Handy  General  Atlas,'  just 
published  by  George  Philip  &  Son,  of  .'(2,  Fleet-street,  at  a 
cost,  according  to  the  binding,  of  2l.  12*.  (W.  or  21.  Not  the 
least  of  the  merits  of  this  production  is  that  it  is  entirely  of 
English  origin  and  manufacture.  Edited  by  Mr.  George 
Philip,  jun.,  F.B.G.S.,  it  has  been  specially  designed  with 
reference  to  the  requirements  of  the  British  public,  and 
after  a  careful  examination  of  its  contents  it  appears  to  us 
to  admirably  provide  what  is  wanted.  The  Ilritish  colonies 
and  dependencies  are  shown  in  great  detail.  Railways, 
means  of  communication,  and  so  forth,  are  set  out,  and  the 
clearness  of  the  plates  and  the  exhaustive  means  of  reference 
render  all  its  mass  of  information  instantly  available." 

Morning  Advertiser . 

*u*llllustr<itcd  Prospectus  of  PHILIP'S  NSW  HANDY 
GENERAL  A  TLAS  gratis  on  application. 


CIIATTO    &   \Y  I  NOUS'S    NEW    BOOKS. 

MRS.    HUNGERFORD'S    LAST    NOVEL. 

L  0  V  I  C  E, 

The  NEW  NOVEL  by  Mrs.  HUNGERFORD,  Author  of  'Molly 
Bawnf  is  now  ready  at  all  Booksellers'  and  Libraries.  Crown  Svo. 
cloth,  (jilt  top,  Gs. 

A  NEW  EDITION  of  The  OUTSIDER,  by  HAWLEY  SMART, 

will  be  ready  on  March  18. 

A  CHEAP  EDITION  of  Sir  WALTER  BESANT'S  Romantic 
Story,  BEYOND  the  DREAMS  of  AVARICE,  is  now  ready. 
Post  Svo.  picture  boards,  2s. ;  cloth,  2s.  6d. 

"  'Beyond  the  Dreams  of  Avarice'  is  a  striking  example  of  the  power  which  Sir  Walter  Besant  possesses,  beyond  any 
other  of  our  novelists,  of  investing  a  subject  with  romance  while  keeping  it  strictly  to  reality  and  proportion.    The  action 

of  this  engrossing  story  of  immense  wealth is  quite  real  and  circumstantial  ;  every  person  introduced  is  living,  and  full  of 

character.     But  it  is  a  romance  nevertheless ;  there  is  even  a  mystic  touch  in  it.    The  picture  of  Lucian't  mind is  one 

of  the  boldest  and  best  things  Sir  Walter  Besant  has  ever  done." — World. 

BEYOND    the   PALE:   an   Irish  Romance.     By  B.  M.  Croker, 

Author  of  '  Diana  Barrington.'     Crown  8vo.  buckram,  6s. 

"  A  picturesque  as  well  as  interesting  tale." — Morning  Post. 

"  The  unflagging  vivacity  and  brisk  naturalness  of  Mrs.  Croker's  style  have  rarely  been  more  happily  displayed  than  in 
her  latest  novel This  capital  story Almost  every  character  in  the  story  is  typical,  and  all  the  types  are  true." — World. 

"  A  thoroughly  vivacious  and  attractive  novel Sure  to  have  a  run  at  the  circulating  libraries." — Leeds  Mercury. 

"  In  '  Beyond  the  Pale  '  Mrs.  Croker  is  once  more  on  her  native  heath,  and  quite  at  her  best All  this,  and  much 

more,  is  told  by  Mrs.  Croker  with  that  unflagging  vivacity,  that  lightness  of  touch,  and  that  keen  sense  of  humour  which 
entitle  her  to  occupy  among  the  women  novelists  of  the  day  very  much  the  same  place  that  Charles  Lever  held  among  bis 
brother  writers  in  a  former  generation." — Spectator. 

WITH  the  RED  EAGLE  :  a  Romance  of  the  Tyrol.    By  William 

WESTALL.    THIBD  EDITION  just  ready.    Crown  8vo.  cloth  gilt,  6s. 
"  A  fine  historical  romance." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"A  rattling  tale  of  military  adventure,  with  a  pleasant  undercurrent  of  romance full  of  exciting  incident." — Spectator. 

"  Marked  by  an  originality  and  a  dash  that  hold  you  like  a  spell  from  first  to  last Fresh,  vigorous,  and  altogether 

delightful." — Black  and  White. 

"  Such  a  series  of  hairbreadth  escapes  as  should  move  Mr.  Stanley  Weyman,  and  even  Mr.  Anthony  Hope,  to  jealousy." 

Graphic. 
"  A  refreshing  story  altogether,  which  depends  for  its  success  on  its  intrinsic  interest  and  the  universal  sympathy  with 
courage,  audacity,  and  hard  fighting." — Leeds  Mercury. 

SEBASTIANIS  SECRET. 

Illustrations.    Crown  8vo.  cloth,  6*. 

"  Steeped  in  mystery  is  Mr.  Waller's  romance There  are  passages  that  are  delightful It  will  please  readers  who 

love  mystery  and  would  escape  for  a  while  from  the  tedious  round  and  common  light  of  workaday  life." — British  lievieu:. 

A  MISSING  WITNESS.     By  Frank  Barrett,  Author  of  '  The 

Sin  of  Olga  Zassoulich.'    With  8  Illustrations.    Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d. 

"  The  history  of  the  struggles  of  the  three  young  dressmakers  is  described  with  wonderful  spirit  and  convincingness, 
and  the  '  little  mother '  of  the  volume  is  a  delightful  study." — Morning  Leader. 

"Written  in  Mr.  Frank  Barrett's  best  manner The  interest  is  well  maintained  from  the  opening  to  the  closing 

chapters." — Daily  Telegraph. 

NEW    TWO-SHILLING    NOVELS.-P°st8vo.  picture  boards. 
LADY  PATTY.    By  Mrs.  Hungerford.  [Mm»* 

AT  MARKET  VALUE.    By  Grant  Allen. 
The  PRINCE  of  BALKISTAN.    By  Allen  Upward,  Author  of  '  Secrets  of 

the  Courts  of  Europe.'  


By  S.  E.  Waller.    With  9  Full-Page 


BOOKS.— Crown  8vo.  cloth  extra. 

By  Mark  Twain. 

[March  IS. 

With  200  Illustns. 


GEORGE  PHILIP  &  SON,  32,  Fleet-street,  London. 

Liverpool i 

PHILIP,  SON  &  NEPHEW,  45-51,  South  Castle-street. 


NEW    THREE-AND-SIXPENNY 
ROUGHING  IT;   and   The   INNOCENTS   at  HOME, 

With  200  Illustrations. 

The  PRINCE  and  the  PAUPER.    By  Mark  Twain. 

BY  WOMAN'S  WIT.    By  Mrs.  Alexander. 

The  MASTER  of  TRENANCE.    By  T.  W.  Speight. 

APRIL'S  LADY.    By  Mrs.  Hungerford. 

An   ANXIOUS    MOMENT.     By  Mrs.  Hungerford,  Author  of 

'Molly  Pawn.'    SECOND  EDITION.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s.  6d. 
"  Teems  with  the  same  delightful  qualities  that  have  won  for  her  previous  volumes  the  warm  admiration  of  pleasure 
loving  people."— Morning  Leader. 

"  In  the  happiest  style  of  the  author  of '  Molly  Bawn.'"— World. 

PHIL  MAYS  SKETCH-BOOK.    Fifty-four  Humorous  Drawings. 

CHEAP  EDITION.     Crown  folio,  cloth.  2s.  6d. _ 

The  FIFTH  EDITION,  with  a  NEW  PREFACE,  of  ENGLISH 
SURNAMES :  their  Sources  and  Significations,  by  the  Rev. 
C.  W.  BARDSLEY,  M.A.,  Hon.  Canon  of  Carlisle,  will  be  ready 
on  March  18.     Crown  Svo.  cloth,  7s.  6d. 

London  :  CHATTO  &  WINDUS,  111,  St,  Martin's-lane,  W.C. 


N°3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


335 


MR.   WM.    HEINEMANN'S    LIST. 


THE  FIRST  VOLUME  IN  THE  NEW  AND  IMPORTANT  SERIES, 

LITERATURES    OF    THE    WORLD, 

Edited   by   EDMUND     GOSSE, 

IS     NOW     READY. 

Price  SIX  SHILLINGS. 

A    HISTORY    OF    ANCIENT    GREEK    LITERATURE. 

By  GILBERT  G.  A.  MURRAY,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Glasgow. 


FRENCH  LITERATURE.    By  Prof. 

EDWARD  DOWDEN,  LL.D.  [June  1. 


TO  BE  FOLLOWED  BY— 

ITALIAN    LITERATURE.     By 

RICHARD  GARNETT,  C.B.  LL.D.,  Keeper  of 
Printed  Books  in  the  British  Museum.   [Sept.  1. 


ENGLISH    LITERATURE.    By   the 

EDITOR.  [December  1. 


The  absence  of  any  collection  of  summaries  of  the  literature  of  the  world  has  led  the  Publisher  and  the  Editor  of  the  present 
series  to  believe  that  a  succession  of  attractive  volumes,  dealing  each  with  the  history  of  literature  in  a  single  country,  would  be  not 
less  welcome  than  novel.  The  Editor  has  had  the  good  fortune  to  interest  in  this  project  a  number  of  scholars  whose  names  guarantee 
a  rare  combination  of  exact  knowledge  with  the  power  of  graceful  composition.  He  has  the  pleasure  of  being  able  to  announce  that 
this  interest  has  taken  a  practical  shape,  and  that  already  there  is  being  prepared  for  the  press  a  considerable  series  of  volumes,  most  of 
them  composed  by  men  pre-eminently  recognized  for  their  competence  in  each  special  branch  of  the  subject.  Great  care  will  be  taken 
to  preserve  uniformity  of  form  and  disposition,  so  as  to  make  the  volumes  convenient  for  purposes  of  comparison,  and  so  as  to  enable 
the  literatures  themselves  to  be  studied  in  proper  correlation. 

In  preparing  these  books,  the  first  aim  will  be  to  make  them  exactly  consistent  with  all  the  latest  discoveries  of  fact,  and  the 
second  to  ensure  that  they  are  agreeable  to  read.  It  is  hoped  that  they  will  be  accurate  enough  to  be  used  in  the  class-room,  and  yet 
pleasant  enough,  and  picturesque  enough,  to  be  studied  by  those  who  seek  nothing  from  their  books  but  enjoyment. 

V"  Professor  Gilbert  Murray's  HISTORY  of  ANCIENT  GREEK  LITERATURE.— The  treatment  and  development  of 
the  subject  are  individual  and  original ;  the  author's  aim  being  at  once  to  set  before  the  scholar  the  results  of  the  most  modern 
research  and  criticism  in  small  compass,  with  an  absence  of  any  needlessly  minute  descriptions  of  "laboratory  work,"  and  at  the  same 
time  to  realize  for  the  general  reader  something  of  the  life,  atmosphere,  and  mode  of  thought  which  gave  to  the  Literature  of  Ancient 
Greece  its  essence  and  its  characteristics. 


THE    OUTGOING   TURK. 

Impressions  of  a  Journey  through  the  Western  Balkans. 
By  H.  C.  THOMSON,  Author  of  'The  Chitral  Campaign.' 

1  vol.  demy  8vo.  fully  illustrated,  14s.  net.         [March  23. 

THE    NEW   AFRICA. 

A  Journey  Up  the  Chobe  and  Down  the  Okovango  Rivers. 
By  AUREL  SCHULZ,  M.D.,  and  AUGUSTUS  HAMMAR,  C.E. 

1  vol.  fully  illustrated,  demy  8vo.  [Shortly. 

ROMANTIC    INDIA. 

By  ANDRE  CHEVRILLON. 

1  vol.  Is.  6d.  Det. 
TIMES.  —  "We  are  made  to  see  the  scenery  and  incidents  of  a   winter 
trip  to  India  in  a  new  light — the  light  in  which  they  present  themselves  to  an 
amiable  and  spirituel  Frenchman." 

THE  WORKS  OF  LORD  BYRON. 

Edited  by  W.  E.  HENLEY. 

rOEMS.    Vol.  I. 

With  a  Portrait  after  Sanders.     Small  crown  8vo.  5s.  net. 

BEAUTY   AND   ART. 

By  ALDAM  HEATON. 
1  vol.  6s. 
Contents  .-—Taste  —Beauty  in   Form  and  Colour— High  Art  for  Shallow 
Purses— Decoration  of  the  House,  &c. 

SEVENTEENTH    CENTURY    STUDIES. 

By  EDMUND  GOSSE. 
Uniform  with  '  Critical  Kit-Kats,'  &0.      1  vol.  buckram,  7s.  6d. 
_  TIMES. —  "E'| nipped   with   full  knowledge,  sound  critieal    instinct,  and 
an  interesting,  easy  style,  Mr.  Gosse  appeals  to  the  student  and  to  the  general 
reader  alike." 


FLAMES  :  a  London  Phantasy. 

By  ROBERT  HICHENS,  Author  of  '  The  Green  Carnation,'  kc.     1  vol.  6.*. 

THE  SPOILS  OF  POYNTON. 

By  HENRY  JAMES,  Author  of  ■  The  Other  House.'     1  vol.  6s. 

NATIONAL  OBSERVED.— "A  work  of  brilliant  fancy,  of  delicate 
humour,  of  gentle  satire.     A  polished  and  enthralling  story." 

THE  MAN  OF  STRAW. 

By  EDWIN  PUGH,  Author  of  '  A  Street  in  Suburbia.'     1  vol.  6s. 

DAILY  TELEGRAPH. — "Every  stroke  of  his  pen  brings  conviction 
with  it.  He  writes  with  the  instinct  of  an  artist:  he  selects  his  incidents  with 
marvellous  skill." 

THE  LITTLE  REGIMENT : 

And    other    Episodes    of   the    American    Civil    War. 
By  STEPHEN  CRANE,  Author  of  'The  Red   Ba^ge  of  Courage.'     "Pioneer 
Series."     Cloth,  3s.  net  ;  piper,  2*.  6d.  net. 

ACADEMY. — "The  most  finished,  the  most  complete  piece  of  work  Mr. 
Crane  has  given  us  ;  brimful  of  the  reality  of  war.  '  The  Little  Regiment '  is 
truly  wonderful." 

A  PINCHBECK  GODDESS. 

By  Mrs.  J.  M.  FLEMING  (ALICE  M.  KIPLING).     1  vol.  3s.  6d. 

DAILY  CHRONICLE.—"  Verj  bright,  witty,  and  amusing.  A  clever 
and  entertaining  story." 

ON  THE  FACE  OF  THE  WATERS. 

By  FLORA  ANNIE  STEEL,  Author  of  'The  Potter's  Thumb,"  &c.     1  vol.  ("..♦. 
Twentieth  Thousand. 

PAl.L  MALL  GAZETTE.—''  Mrs.  Steel  has  managed  to  set  the  Mutiny 
before  us  till  it  is  more  like  a  personal  recollection  of  our  own  than  a  tale  told 

McLEOD  OF  THE  CAMERONS. 

By  M.  HAMILTON,  Author  of  '  A  Self-denying  Ordinance.1     1  vol   6*. 

STANDARD. — "Not  only  more  promise  but  more  achievement  than  in 
any  novel  by  a  comparatively    new   writer   that   we   line  read  for  a  long  time. 

It  is  well  constructed  and  well  thought  out." 


London:  WM.  IIKINKMANN,  21,  Bedford-street,  W.C. 


.W> 


T  II  K     ATI!  i:\M-;  UM 


N  3620,  March  13,  '97 


MACM  I  LLAN    &    CO.'S 
NEW    BOOKS. 


SECOND    EDITION. 
NOW  READY. 

QUEEN  OF  THE  MOOR. 

A  Tale  of  Dartmoor  in  the  Days  of  Waterloo. 

By  FREDERIC  ADYE. 
Crown  8vo.  6s. 

GRAPHIC. — "It  is  long  since  we  liavc  read  a 
novel  with  so  much  unbroken  pleasure." 

MORNING  POST.—"  Since  '  Lorna  Doone'  the 
natural  features  of  an  English  district  have  not 
been  described  with  such  a  vigorous  touch  as  is 
Dartmoor  and  the  country  that  surrounds  it  in  Mr. 

Adye's  novel His  delightful  romance,  which  has 

the  freshness  of  the  wild  moors  it  so  vividly  paints." 


FOREIGN  STA  TESME.Y.—Kcw  Volumes. 

Edited  by  Prof.  J.  B.  BURY. 

Crown  8vo.  2s.  6d.  each. 

MARIA    THERESA.      By    Rev. 

J.  FRANCE  BRIGHT,  D.D.,  Master  of  Uni- 
versity College,  Oxford. 

JOSEPH   II.     By   Rev.  J.  Franck 

BRIGHT,  D.D. 

*«*  These  two  volumes  supplement  one  another  as  a 
History  of  the  Period. 

EVERSLEY  SERIES.— .New  Volumes. 

Globe  8vo.  5s.  each. 

Now  ready,  in  Two  Volumes. 

PROSE   WORKS    of   WILLIAM 

WORDSWORTH.  Edited  by  Prof.  KNIGHT. 
With  Portraits  and  Vignettes  etched  by 
H.  MANESSE. 

ESSAYS  CLASSICAL.    By  F.  W.  H. 

MYERS. 

8vo.  10s.  net. 

EPIC  and  ROMANCE.     Essays  on 

Mediaeval  Literature.  By  W.  P.  KER,  Fellow 
of  All  Souls'  College,  Oxford,  Professor  of 
English  Literature  in  University  College, 
London. 

PALL  MALL  GAZETTE- "  A  very  notable  contribu- 
tion to  a  branch  of  literature  that  has  rarely  received 
adequate  treatment." 


The 


BY   EDWIN  A.  ABBOTT. 
8vo.  12s.  Gd.  net. 

SPIRIT    on  the  WATERS. 


MR.   EDWARD  ARNOLD'S 

NEW   BOOKS. 


The  Evolution  of  the  Divine  from  the  Human. 
By  EDWIN  A.  ABBOTT,  Author  of  'Philo- 
christus,'  &c. 

MANCHESTER  GfAlinrAX.—"1be\x>ok  is  one  of  no 

little  interest Full  of  most  instructive  matter,  put  with 

the  force  and  clearness  of  a  past  master  in  the  art  of  teaching.' 


8vo.  12s.  Gd.  net. 

ELEMENTS    of  THEORETICAL 

PHYSICS.  By  Dr.  C.  CHRISTIANSEN,  Pro- 
fessor of  Physics  in  the  University  of  Copen- 
hagen. Translated  by  Prof.  W.  P.  MAGIE, 
Ph.D. 

Extra  crown  8vo.  C.«. 

A  STUDY  of  the  SKY :   a  Popular 

Astronomy.  By  HERBERT  A.  HOWE,  Pro- 
fessor of  Astronomy,  University  of  Denver. 

SCOTSMAN.— "  Professor  Howe's  love  of  the  science 
shows  itself  in  every  pa«e,  and  his  book  is  one  which  is  well 
calculated  to  Impart  some  portion  of  it  to  the  reader." 

MACMILLAN  &  CO..  Limited,  London. 


NOW  READY  AT  ALL  LIBRA  III  ES 
AND  BOOKSELLERS'. 

NEW  BTORY  BY    THE    AUTHOR    OF   'DIANA 

1  KM  PEST.' 

A  DEVOTEE. 

By  MARY  CHOLMONDELEY, 

Author  of 
'  Diana  Tempest,' '  The  Dan  vers  Jewels,'  &c. 

Cloth,  3*.  Gd. 

A  DEVOTEE. 

BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF  '  DIANA  TEMPEST.' 


BR.  DONALDSON  SMITH'S  IMPORTANT 
NEW  WORK. 

THROUGH  UNKNOWN 
AFRICAN   COUNTRIES. 

The  First  Expedition  from  Somaliland 
to  Lake  Rudolf  and  Lamu. 

A  Narrative  of  Scientific  Exploration  and  Sporting 
Adventures. 

By  A.  DONALDSON  SMITH,  M.D.  F.R.G.S. 

With  nearly  30  Full-Page  Plates  and  numerous  Smaller 
Illustrations  by  A.  D.  McCormick,  Charles  Whymper,  &c, 
and  detailed  Maps  of  the  Countries  Traversed. 
Super-royal  8vo.  One  Guinea  net. 

Daily  Neics. — "  This  is  a  most  important  as  well  as  original 
contribution  to  the  literature  of  African  discovery,  ethno- 
logy, and  international  problems  of  the  black  continent. 
Lovers  of  sport  will  find  in  it  much  to  captivate  tbem.  But 
perhaps  the  majority  of  readers  will  care  most  for  the  infor- 
mation he  gives  them  on  the  native  tribes  and  their  cha- 
racteristics, and  the  relations  between  Abyssinia  and  the 
countries  on  her  borders." 

Standard. — "  We  are  sorry  to  lay  down  this  most  interesting 
and  pleasantly  written  volume.  It  tells,  in  clear,  succinct, 
and  well-chosen  language,  the  tale  of  a  very  adventurous 
journey;  it  is  well  illustrated,  and  contains  a  series  of 
excellent  route-maps." 

Times. — "  The  narrative  never  lags  and  is  full  of  interest 
throughout.  Dr.  Smith  has  sporting  anecdotes  on  almost 
every  page,  and  they  are  unusually  well  told.  The  general 
result  is  that,  so  far  as  exploration  and  natural  history  and 
other  collections  are  concerned,  this  must  be  reckoned  one 
of  the  most  successful  of  recent  African  expeditions." 

Daily  Chronicle. — "  The  book  is  clearly  written  and  well 
illustrated  and  is  full  of  interesting  points." 


SOLDIERING  AND  SURVEYING 

IN  BRITISH  EAST  AFRICA, 

1891-1894. 

An  Account  of  the  Survey  for  the  Uganda  Railway,  and 
the  various  Campaigns  in  the  British  Protectorate 
during  the  last  few  years.  By  Major  J.  K.  MAC- 
DONALD,  B.B.  Illustrated  from  Sketches  and  Photo- 
graphs by  the  Author  and  numerous  Plans  and  a  Map. 
Demy  8vo.  16s. 

ON   VELDT  and   FARM:    in  Cape 

Colony,  Bechuanaland,  Natal,  and  the  Transvaal.     By 

FRANCES  McNAB.   With  Map.    Crown  8vo.  300  pages, 

3s.  W. 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. — "  This  work  will  assuredly  open  our 

eyes  to  the  position  of  affairs  in  South  Africa.     'On  Veldt 

and  Farm'  will.  I  am  sure,  be  considered  a  valuable  book." 

Scotsman. — "  Intending  emigrants  and  settlers,  as  well  as 
students  of  South  African  affairs  at  a  distance,  will  find  in 
the  volume  much  to  guide  and  instruct  as  well  as  to  amuse 
and  interest  them." 

FISH   TAILS   and   SOME   TRUE 

ONKS.  By  BKADNOCK  HALL,  Author  of  'Hough 
Mischance."  With  an  Original  Etching  by  the  Author, 
and  12  Full-Page  Illustrations  by  T.  H.  McLachlan. 
Crown  8vo.  6s. 

The  BEGGARS  of  PARIS  (PARIS 

QUI  MKNDIK).  Translated  from  the  French  of  M. 
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N°3620,  Makch  13,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


339 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  IS,  1S97. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Mr.   Goldwin    Smith's   Essays   on   Religion   and 

Science         339 

Early  Records  of  John  Company        340 

Selections  from  De  Brosses's  Letters        341 

Mr.  O'Lkary's  Recollections  of  the  Fenians       ...    342 
New  Novels  (Phroso ;  The  Quest  of  the  Golden  Girl ; 
Glamour;    Charity  Chance;    The  Old    Ecstasies; 
The  Village  and  the  Doctor ;   The  Man  of  Straw ; 

Jean  d'Agreve)        343—344 

Books  of  Travel         344 

Syriac  Philology      345 

Military  and  Naval  Literature        346 

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books  ...  346—347 
Parables  concerning  Ilyas  the  Prophet  ;  Crom- 
well's Speeches  ;  Lord  Brougham  on  Literary 
Agents  ;  '  English  Schools  at  the  Reforma- 
tion'; 'The  Sacred  Tree';  The  Destruction 
of  the  Spanish  Armada  ;  The  Spring  Pub- 
lishing Season;  Sale;  The  Rev.  N.  Pocock   347—349 

Literary  Gossip  350 

Science— Atlases   and   Gazetteers  ;    The    Spring 

Publishing  Season  ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  351—352 
Fine  Arts— Ford  Madox  Brown;  Sale;  Gossip  352—354 
Music— Dictionary  of  Music;  The  Week;  Gossip; 

Performances  Next  Week 354-356 

Drama— The  Week     356 


LITERATURE 


Guesses  at  the  Riddle  of  Existence,  and  other 
Essays  on  Kindred  Subjects.  By  Goldwin 
Smith.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
In  his  introduction  to  this  remarkable  little 
volume  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  expresses  a  fear 
that  it  may  be  thought  presumptuous  in 
a  layman  to  touch  on  questions  which 
involve  dogma,  even  though  he  may  have 
as  great  an  interest  in  them  as  any  of  the 
clergy.  His  modesty  is  out  of  place.  A 
writer  who  has  done  excellent  work  in 
many  departments  of  literature  and  history 
is  under  no  obligation  to  apologize  for 
venturing  on  ground  that  is  common  to  all 
thoughtful  men  everywhere,  especially  if  he 
can  form  his  opinions  with  clearness  and 
courage,  and  deliver  them  with  the  force 
and  lucidity  which  distinguish  these  pages. 
The  study  of  history,  and  of  some  of  the 
great  men  who  have  made  history,  ought 
to  be  a  particularly  efficient  means  of 
developing  such  insight  into  human  nature 
as  the  student  may  possess;  and  without 
that  insight  who  is  there  that  can  deal  with 
fundamental  religious  problems  in  a  way 
likely  to  attract  average  readers,  or  can  say 
what  will  come  home  to  their  business  and 
bosoms  ?  It  is  easy  for  the  mere  speculator 
to  spin  his  theories,  or  for  the  dreamer  to 
indulge  his  fancy,  and  some  writers  pro- 
ceed upon  the  supposition  that  religion  is 
a  matter  of  theory  alone  or  of  sentiment 
alone.  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  is  fully  aware 
of  the  fact  that  it  is  a  matter  of  the  highest 
importance  in  its  bearing  on  individual 
conduct  and  social  welfare.  He  finds,  as 
most  of  us  find,  that  the  supports  of  faith 
are  loosened.  He  is  not  a  little  troubled  as 
to  the  eventual  outcome  of  this  discovery. 
It  may  lead,  he  thinks,  to  a  moral  inter- 
regnum. Meanwhile  it  is  the  duty  of  all 
honest  mon  to  face  the  situation,  and  to 
refuse  to  bo  put  off  with  sham  solutions  of 
the  difficulty.  It  is  his  endeavour  to  present 
a  plain  caso  for  a  practical  purpose,  to 
avoid  all  recondite  speculations,  to  ask 
straight  questions,  and  finally,  in  his  own 
words,  to  urgo  that  nothing  is  to  bo  gained 
by  clinging  to  what  is  untenable,  or  in 
shutting  our  eyes  to  what  cannot  honestly 
bo  donied.     He  says  what  ho  has  to  say, 


not  in  a  spirit  of  agnosticism,  if  agnosticism 
means  a  despair  of  spiritual  truth,  but  in 
that  of  free  and  hopeful  inquiry. 

The  first  essay,  which  gives  its  title  to 
the  book,  is  a  review  of  Prof.  Drummond's 
'Ascent  of  Man,'  of  Mr.  Kidd's  'Social 
Evolution,'  and  of  Mr.  Balfour's  '  Founda- 
tions of  Belief,'  or  rather  of  the  general 
positions  assumed  by  those  writers.  He 
finds  little  to  praise  in  any  of  them — so 
little,  indeed,  that  it  is  difficult  not  to  feel 
that  he  fails  to  distinguish  between  the 
respective  claims  which  they  possess  on  the 
attention  of  the  thoughtful  reader.  But 
it  must  also  be  acknowledged  that  with 
singular  precision  he  puts  his  finger  on  the 
faults  of  their  arguments.  He  points  out  that 
among  Prof.  Drummond's  other  fantastic 
doctrines,  his  conviction  that  evolution  is 
not  only  the  sole  method  of  creation,  but 
is  also  identical  with  love,  implies  that 
Providence  could  only  attain  its  end  at  the 
expense  of  wholesale  carnage  and  suffer- 
ing. He  shows,  too,  that  this  conviction 
requires  us  to  recognize  the  paramount 
value  of  a  type  which  is  destined  one  day 
to  perish  with  the  world  itself,  and  that  this 
is  a  recognition  which  bears  hardly  on  our 
hearts  and  intellects.  In  examining  Mr. 
Kidd's  theory  that  progress  is  due  to  the 
subordination  of  reason  to  the  extra-rational 
sanction  of  religion,  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith 
has  an  easy  task  in  proving  that  no  man 
acts  in  conscious  opposition  to  his  reason  ; 
that  social  considerations  are  far  from  being 
extra-rational;  that  self-interest  is  not  the 
less  real  or  effective  because  it  takes  a 
sympathetic,  domestic,  or  social  colour  ;  and 
that  a  good  deal  of  nonsense  is  talked  about 
altruism.  Nor  does  he  consider  that  an 
attempt,  like  Mr.  Balfour's,  to  bring  the 
world  back  to  faith  by  showing  the  con- 
sequences of  scepticism,  is  likely  to  be 
successful,  or  that  the  faith  which  is  the 
product  of  ecclesiastical  pressure  or  intel- 
lectual despair  is  anything  but  veiled  un- 
belief. He  challenges  the  opposition  in 
which  Mr.  Balfour  places  reason  and  autho- 
rity ;  he  rightly  observes  that  the  psychic 
process  of  deference  to  authority,  of  what- 
ever kind,  is  capable  of  being  presented  in 
a  rational  form,  and  cannot  be  called  non- 
rational  ;  and  he  pertinently  asks  for  some 
analysis  of  authority  itself  which  shall  dis- 
tinguish it  from  venerable  imposture. 

Having  thus  noticed  some  recent  attempts 
to  throw  light  into  the  dark  places  of 
religious  controversy,  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith 
passes  to  the  consideration  of  the  special 
doctrines  of  Christianity.  He  points  out 
that  many  liberal  theologians  have  re- 
nounced their  belief  in  the  historical  cha- 
racter of  the  Pentateuch.  From  that  he 
concludes  that  they  have  surrendered  their 
belief  in  the  Fall ;  and  he  argues  that  this 
also  involves  a  surrender  of  belief  in  the 
doctrines  of  the  Incarnation  and  Atonement, 
a  consequence,  however,  which  theologians, 
liberal  and  other,  strenuously  resist.  He 
denounces,  with  great  warmth  and  some 
asperity,  what  he  calls  the  subterfuge  of 
"partial  inspiration,"  and  tho  schomo  by 
which  literal  truth  is  exchanged  for  truth 
that  is  merely  figurativo  or  symbolical. 
Here  he  is  a  littlo  too  severo  on  tho  theo- 
logians, who  use  tho  words  "  figurativo"  and 
"symbolical"  when  they  often  mean  no 
moro  than  "moral."     To  understand  their 


point  of  view  more  strictly,  Mr.  Goldwin 
Smith  might,  perhaps,  do  well  to  read  a 
sermon  by  Canon  Gore  on  the  bearing  of 
the  doctrine  of  evolution  on  the  story  of  the 
Fall,  where  that  eminent  Churchman  con- 
trives to  find  in  that  story  a  testimony 
to  the  truth  of  the  doctrine  of  moral 
responsibility.  How  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith 
would  receive  this  explanation,  and  what 
account  he  would  give  of  it,  may  be  in- 
ferred from  a  passage  in  which  he  asks, 
with  Voltairean  candour,  how  Providence 
could  allow  such  narratives  to  be  received 
as  literal  truths  for  ages,  how  it  could  let 
them  stay  the  advance  of  science,  and  when 
science  at  last  prevailed,  how  it  could  suffer 
revelation  to  be  discredited  by  the  ex- 
posure of  their  weakness. 

The  two  essays  on  '  The  Church  and  the 
Old  Testament '  and  '  The  Miraculous  Ele- 
ment in  Christianity  '  form  a  good  popular 
statement  of  the  difficulties  which  confront 
the  adherents  of  the  traditional  creed.  Mr. 
Goldwin  Smith  does  not  mince  matters. 
He  believes  that  the  world  has  passed  the 
point  at  which  frank  treatment  of  religious 
questions  can  be  regarded  as  a  wanton 
disturbance  of  faith.  The  theologians 
themselves,  he  observes,  have  abandoned 
much  that  was  previously  thought  essential ; 
and  all  that  he  is  doing  is  to  carry  certain 
arguments  to  their  logical  conclusions.  A 
reader  must  be  careless,  however,  who  does 
not  detect  some  inconsistency  in  the  way  in 
which  the  task  is  discharged.  Mr.  Goldwin 
Smith  admits  that  as  "  a  manifestation  of 
the  divine"  the  Hebrew  books  may  keep 
a  place  in  our  love  and  admiration.  He 
admits,  too,  that  hardly  anywhere  is  there 
to  be  found  a  moral  force  equal  in  intensity 
to  that  of  the  Hebrew  prophets.  But  he 
has  no  contempt  too  bitter  for  the  opinion 
that  modern  religion  and  modern  life  are 
to  be  governed  by  Jewish  thought  or 
take  their  colour  from  it,  because  it  has 
little  geniality  or  humour,  and  no  share 
in  science  or  art.  It  is  assuredly  not  by 
its  humour  or  by  its  scientific  qualities 
that  Hebrew  literature  has  kept  its  place 
in  the  world  or  continues  to  make  its  appeal, 
but  by  its  moral  earnestness.  Nor,  again, 
is  it  quite  fair  in  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  to 
ridicule  the  theologians  who  hold  that  the 
Old  Testament  contains  both  a  human  and 
a  divine  element,  and  to  ask  them  for  the 
test  which  shall  distinguish  the  one  from 
the  other,  if  he  himself  looks  upon  the 
Hebrew  books  as  in  any  sense  a  manifesta- 
tion of  the  divine,  and  fails  to  indicate  tho 
reasons  which  prevent  him  from  asserting 
that  they  are  entirely  human.  If  it  is 
tampering  with  tho  intellect  and  the  con- 
science to  attempt,  like  the  theologians,  to 
hold  on  and  also  to  let  go,  how  is  a  pro- 
coss  to  be  described  which  clings  to  a  word, 
and  then  empties  it  of  all  its  meaning  ? 

In  his  observations  on  the  question 
whether  there  is  or  is  not  another  life, 
and  on  the  relation  between  morality 
and  theism,  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith  shows 
clearly  that  he  is  in  no  wise  content  with  a 
negative  attitude  towards  religious  faith 
and  hope.  To  what  his  positive  attitude 
leads  him,  however,  it  is  not  easy  to  say. 
He  reviews  somo  of  tho  usual  arguments 
in  support  of  the  doctrine  of  immortality, 
and  fiuds  thorn  insufficient ;  but  ultimately 
ho  seems  to  think  that  wo  must  listen  to 


340 


T  II  E     ATI!  KN/i:  0  M 


N*3620,  Uabcb  13.  '97 


any  intimation  oi  nature  vrhioh  may  irhiapex 
thai  death  is  nut  the  end,  even  though  the 
intimation   oannoi  poaaibly  be   brought  to 

tho  usual  tests.  Sumo  such  intimation  he 
seems  to  discover  in  tho  dictates  of  our 
moral  nature.  A  good  and  beautiful 
character,  ho  says,  may  be  prized  by 
tho  soul  of  tho  univorso,  if  tho 
univorso  has  a  soul.  But  when  Mr. 
Goldwin  Smith  uses  this  language — and  ho 
usos  it  in  all  sincerity — by  what  right  does 
he  condemn  mysticism  in  such  unsparing 
terms  ?  If,  ho  says,  thoro  is  a  Supremo 
Being,  as  our  hearts  tell  us,  ho  cares  for  us  ; 
ho  knows  our  porplexitios.  Our  moral 
nature  gives  us  certain  indications.  The 
good  that  wo  do  to  others  yields  us  more 
satisfaction  than  tho  good  wo  do  to  our- 
selves :  a  fact  which  seems  to  him  to  show 
that  the  author  of  our  nature  has  a  pur- 
pose with  us.  All  this  Mr.  Balfour  recog- 
nizes when  ho  declares  that  "  mysticism  is 
an  undying  element  in  human  thought"; 
and  yet  Mr.  Goldwin  Smith,  criticizing  that 
statement,  takes  all  the  value  out  of  his 
own  suggestions  by  saying  roundly  that  the 
mystic  merely  imposes  on  himself,  and 
creates  by  a  subtle  sophistication  of  his 
own  mind  the  cloudy  object  of  bis  faitb 
and  worship.  Then,  again,  be  maintains 
that  if  the  belief  in  God  should  bo  with- 
drawn, a  fair  substitute  for  theism  in  its 
moral  effect  would  be  provided  by  the 
thought  of  the  impenetrable  mystery  of 
existence  and  the  immensity  of  the  universe. 
But  at  the  same  time  be  lays  it  down  as  an 
elementary  proposition  that  the  re-estab- 
lished religion,  whatever  it  may  be,  must 
make  such  an  impression  on  uncultivated 
minds  as  will  exhibit  itself  in  worship  ;  and 
that  unless  it  can  influence  the  mind,  for 
instance,  of  a  coalheaver,  it  will  be  of  no 
avail.  What  satisfaction  or  consolation  will 
a  coalheaver  find  in  contemplating  the 
impenetrable  mystery  of  existence  ? 

These  are  blemishes  in  a  book  which 
deserves  to  be  widely  read.  In  tho  pro- 
secution of  that  free  and  hopeful  inquiry 
of  which  the  author  speaks  it  is  needful 
that  much  should  be  destroyed ;  but  an 
excess  of  zeal  in  tho  work  of  destruction  is 
apt  to  frustrate  tho  attempt  to  rebuild. 


Letters  received  by  the  East  India  Company 
from  its  Servants  in  the  East. — Vol.  I. 
1602-1613.  With  an  Introduction  by 
Frederick  Charles  Danvors.  (Sampson 
Low  &  Co.) 

The  history  of  tho  Company  which  founded 
an  empire  greater  than  that  over  which  the 
Roman  eaglo  held  sway  remains  yet  to  be 
written.  Materials  are  not  lacking,  for  the 
men  who  founded  that  ompiro  left  behind 
them  careful  record  of  how  the  foundation- 
stones  of  tho  huge  fabric  wore  laid  :  Court 
Books,  Factory  Diaries,  Consultations,  and 
books  of  general  correspondence.  But  tho 
custodians  of  those  priceless  historical 
materials  never  sufficiently  appreciated 
their  worth,  and  many  of  them  have  boon 
lost  and  somo  destroyed  by  tho  ravages  of 
time.  Ilowover,  by  rare  good  fortuno,  a 
few  of  tho  oldest  escaped  destruction,  and 
these  having  attracted  the  notice  of  Mr. 
Stevens,  of  Vermont,  U.S.,  the  first  volumo 
(1599-1603)  of  tho  Court  Books  was  care- 
fully  transcribed,   edited,  and  printed   by 


him-  and  no  work  was  ever  edited  with 
greater  care-  and  accuracy.  Mr.  Stevens 
intended  to  writo  an  exhaustive  intro- 
duction, but  ho  was  unfortunately  pre- 
vented by  failing  health  and  tho  pressure 
of  other  work.  Tho  task  was  under- 
taken by  Sir  George  Birdwood,  and  ho 
furnished  tho  volumo  with  a  preface  in 
which  ho  not  only  called  attention  to  the 
particular  points  of  interest  in  the  papers, 
but  discussed,  in  words  glowing  with  en- 
thusiasm, the  hopes  and  ambitions  of  the 
strong  men  who  were  the  pioneers  of  Eng- 
land's supremacy  in  the  East. 

Soon  after  tho  publication  of  '  The  Dawn 
of  British  Trade  to  the  East  Indies,'  Mr. 
Bernard  Quaritch  offered  in  most  generous 
terms    to   bring   out   a   second   volume   of 
the  records,  if  Sir  George  Birdwood  would 
select   the  contents  and  edit  them  for  tho 
press.     Sir  George  accepted  the  offer,  and 
at  first  thought  of  the  second  volume  of  the 
Court  Books,  but  ultimately  settled  on  the 
folio     generally    known    as    the    '  Miscel- 
laneous Court  Book,'  chiefly  because  of  the 
obscurity  it  had  lain  in  for  three  hundred 
years,  whereas  the  CourtBooks  had  been  made 
familiar  to  us  through  Mr.  Noel  Sainsbury's 
invaluable  Calendars.     The  '  Miscellaneous 
Court  Book,'  edited  by  Sir  George  Birdwood 
and  Mr.  W.  Foster  of  the  India  Office,  was 
published    under    its     proper    title,     '  The 
Register  of  Letters,  &c,  of  the  Governour 
and    Company    of    Merchants    of  London 
trading  into  the  East  Indies.'     The  volume 
is  a  model   of   good  work,  and  is  worthy 
to     rank    with     the    Calendars     of    State 
Papers  issued   from    time    to  time  by  the 
Rolls  Office.     The  text  was  a  rigidly  accu- 
rate  copy  of   the   MS.,  and  in  order  that 
no     liberty    might     be     taken     with     the 
originals,    even   the    blunders   were   repro- 
duced.    Most  of  these  are  self-evident,  but 
where  they  might  possibly  prove  mislead- 
ing   an    explanatory   note   was   appended. 
In  the  same  spirit  of  scrupulous  adherence 
to  Mr.  Henry  Stevens's  plan  of  reproduc- 
tion, the  original  punctuation  was  preserved, 
and  the  notes  supplied  by  Mr.  Foster  were  of 
the  greatest  service  on  account  of  the  wide 
reading  and  research  which  they  contained. 
The  preface  by  Sir  George  Birdwood,  though 
marred  by  the  introduction  of    some  irre- 
levant matter,  was  delightful  reading,  and 
contained    much   new   information    on   the 
subjects  to  which  the  documents  related. 

Mr.  Frederick  Danvers,  Registrar  and 
Superintendent  of  Records,  India  Office, 
informs  his  readers  in  his  preface  that 
"  the  present  work  may  be  considered 
as  in  continuation  of  the  '  First  Letter- 
Book  of  the  East  India  Company,' 
printed  by  Mr.  Quaritch  in  1893."  The 
volume,  we  are  also  told,  is  printed  under 
tho  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  State 
for  India  in  Council,  and  thereforo  has 
received  official  recognition.  The  circum- 
stances of  tho  case  would,  therefore,  justify 
scholars  in  hoping  that  the  book  would  bo  a 
trustworthy  link  in  a  chain,  a  worthy  contri- 
bution to  a  good  series.  But  such  expec- 
tations are  swiftly  dispelled  by  the  preface. 
We  are  told  : — 

"  Some  changes  have  been  made  in  the  form 
of  its  production,  the  principal  being  that  it  has 
been  thought  advisable,  firstly,  to  modernise 
tho  spelling  of  the  manuscripts  (except  as  re- 
gards place-names,  which  are   given  as  in  the 


original,  but  with  the  iii'.'lern  names  within 
brackets),  and,  secondly,  to  refrain  from  any 
attempt  at    annotation,   the  introduction  and 

iry  baring  rendered  the  latter  unnecessary." 
To  modernize  the  spelling  or  in  any  way 
tamper  with   ancient   documents  is  rightly 
pled   by  experts  as  a  cardinal  sin.     It 
roys  their  pieturesqueness  andold-worlu 
flavour,  and   renders   them   useless   to   the 
serious  student  of  history.     Calendars  are 
of   the   nature   of    guides    to   the   original 
papers,  and  are  of  chief  service  to  those  who 
visit  the  depositories  where  they  are  stored ; 
but  selections  are  meant  for  those  who  can- 
not have  access  to  the  documents,  and,  to 
be  of  any  service,  must  be  a  reproduction, 
verbatim  et  literatim,  of  the  original  evidence. 
Modernized  spelling  is   of  service   only  to 
persons  who  wish  to  acquire  a  superficial 
knowledge  of   the   contents   of  the   papers 
without  the  trouble  of   studying  them  ;  but 
this  is  a  class  not  to  bo  encouraged.      In 
Mr.    Sainsbury's   Calendars   (of    which   no 
mention  is  made  in  the  preface  or  introduc- 
tion) all  the  important  matter  found  in  the 
present  volume  is  printed  with  the  old  spell- 
ing retained,  and  some  of  the  documents  have 
been  already  printed  in  extenso  in  other  works. 
Sir  George  Birdwood  was  wise  in  his  deci- 
sion not  to  go  over  ground  which  had  been 
trodden  by  so  experienced  an  antiquary  as 
Mr.    Sainsbury.      He    extracted    the    best 
ore      from      the     mine,     and     while     the 
new   matter    in    the    present   volume    can 
hardly  fail  to  be  of   interest  to  those  who 
appreciate  the  minutiae  of  historic   detail, 
we    doubt    whether    the     papers     are     of 
sufficient  worth  to  justify  their  publication 
in  extenso.     Sir  Henry  Yule,  who  examined 
the  Court  Books,  declared  their  publication 
would  be  an  endless  task.     There  are  forty 
volumes,    and    it   would    take     a    century 
to    edit   them    as  they   should    be  edited, 
and  as  Sir  Henry  Yule  would  have  edited 
them.     Mr.  Danvers  modestly  proposes  to 
issue  "a  first  series  which  will,  it  is   esti- 
mated, occupy  ten  volumes    and  contain  a 
narrative  of  events  from  1603,  the  date  of 
the  earliest  document  extant,  to  about  July, 
1G19."      These  volumes  will  take  at  least 
ten  years  to  issue.     If  the  records  of  the 
India  Office  are  to  be  edited  on  this  scale, 
the  future  historian  of  the  Indian  empire 
will  have  to  reach  the  ripe  age  of  Methu- 
selah before  he  can   commence   his   work. 
A  comprehensive  account  of  the  rise   and 
progress  of  the  British  dominion  in  India 
is  greatly  and  urgently  needed,  but  the  work 
can  only  be  accomplished  by  the  Secretary 
of  State  extending,  to  use  the  words  of  Sir 
George   Birdwood,    "  the    utmost    possible 
assistance  to  trained  scholars  of  recognized 
literary  capacity  "  willing  to  select  and  edit 
tho     important    papers    relating    to    well- 
defined  epochs,  and  to  preface   them  with 
introductions  in  which  tho  principal  results 
are  sifted. 

In  tho  introduction  to  tho  volume  before 
us  sulficient  effort  is  not  made  to  analyze 
the  papers.  Mr.  Danvers  merely  attempts 
to  exhibit  in  a  broad  and  general  form  the 
dawn  of  our  trade  with  the  East,  and  he 
seems  unable  to  recognize  the  fact  that  there 
are  some  historical  events  which  men  of 
ordinary  intelligence  and  education  are  pre- 
sumed to  know.     Wo  are  told  : — 

"Alexander  the  Great  destroyed  Tyre  and 
made  himself  master  of  Egypt  (b.c.  332),  where 


N"  3620,  March 


13,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


341 


he  founded  the  city  of  Alexandria,  to  serve  as  a 
commercial  port  on  the  Mediterranean  for  the 
Eastern  trade  which  passed  up  the  Red  Sea. 
On  the  death  of  Alexander,  Egypt  fell  to  the 
Ptolemies,  under  whom  arts,  commerce,  manu- 
factures, agriculture,  and  navigation  obtained  a 
most  extraordinary  development ;  Alexandria 
became  the  first  mart  in  the  world,  and  its 
importance  in  that  respect  was  carefully  nur- 
tured when  Egypt  became  a  Roman  province." 

We  are  further  informed  that 
■"  Carthage  waged  a  long  struggle  with  Rome, 
but  it  was  impossible  that  they  should  both  con- 
tinue to  prosper,  and  the  Punic  wars  at  length 
sealed  the  doom  of  the  former." 

A  meagre  summary  is  given  of  the 
•wonderful  voyages  which  the  daring  seamen 
of  the  spacious  times  of  Elizabeth  made 
year  by  year  in  those  small  sea-tubs  the 
Red  Dragon,  the  Hector,  the  Ascension,  the 
Susan,  the  Trade's  Increase,  and  the  Pep- 
percorn. The  preface  lacks  the  enthusiasm 
which  made  Sir  G-eorge  Birdwood's  history 
of  Europe's  early  trade  with  the  East  so 
j)rofoundly  interesting. 

It  is  impossible  to  agree  with  Mr. 
Danvers  that  the  introduction  and  glossary 
have  rendered  any  attempt  at  annotation 
unnecessary.  Short  biographical  and  geo- 
graphical notes  might  with  advantage  have 
heen  added,  commodities  explained,  and 
perplexing  terms  made  more  clear.  The 
glossary  is  compiled  from  books  which  are 
easily  accessible — Yule's  l  Hobson-Jobson,' 
Whitworth's  '  Anglo-Indian  Glossary,'  and 
Webster's  English  dictionary.  We  have, 
for  example : — 

"  Bonnet,  an  addition  to  a  sail,  or  an  addi- 
tional part  laced  to  the  foot  of  a  sail,  in  moderate 
winds." 

In  Webster  we  have : — 

"An  addition  to  a  sail,  or  an  additional  part 
laced  to  the  foot  of  a  sail,  in  small  vessels  and 
in  moderate  winds." 

Why  "  in  small  vessels  "  should  be 
omitted  it  is  hard  to  tell.  If  Webster  is 
copied  he  should  be  copied  accurately.  If 
'  A  New  English  Dictionary  '  had  been  con- 
sulted, the  compiler  would  have  found  that 
ionnet  is,  it  is  true,  an  additional  piece  of 
canvas  laced  to  the  foot  of  a  sail  to  catch 
more  wind,  but  also 

"it  appears  to  have  been  formerly  laced  to 
the  top  of  the  sail,  or  to  have  been  itself  a 
top-sail.     Hence   "To  vale  [or  vail]  a  bonnet.' 

'  Then  let  them  vale  [or  take  off]  a  bonet  of 

their  proud  sayle. '  " 

The  following  can  hardly  be  regarded  as 
a  necessary  or  instructive  note:  "Beeves, 
cattle."  Most  men  are  supposed  to  have 
read  their  Bible  and  their  Milton.  Again, 
we  have : — 

"Bilboes,  a  sort  of  stocks  or  wooden  shackles 
for  the  feet,  used  for  punishing  offenders  at 
sea." 

Here  it  would  have  been  better  to  adhere 
to  the  text  of  Webster. 
Again  : — 

"Base,  the  smallest  kind  of  ordnance  in  use 
at  this  period." 

4  The  First  Letter-Book '  gives  : — 

"  Base,  the  smallest  kind  of  cannon  used  in 
the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  It 
weighed  about  2001b.,  had  a  bore  of  an  inch 
and  a  quarter,  and  threw  a  ball  £  lb.  in  weight." 
Taffeta,  the  glossary  informs  us,  is  "a 
silk  cloth  witli  a  wavy  lustre."  But  this  is 
Webster  sadly  mutilated.    Ho  states  it  to  be 


"a  fine  smooth  stuff  of  silk,  having  usually  a 
wavy  lustre  imparted  by  pressure  and  heat,  with 
the  application  of  an  acidulous  fluid  to  produce 
the  effect  called  watering." 

The  volume  is  well  printed  on  good  paper, 
and  this  enhances  the  regret  that  the  original 
manuscripts  were  not  reproduced  in  faithful 
typography.  In  fact,  as  we  had  to  point 
out  when  reviewing  a  former  publication  of 
Mr.  Danvers's,  '  The  List  of  Marine  Records 
of  the  late  East  India  Company '  (Athen. 
No.  3604),  Mr.  Danvers  does  not  rise  to  the 
level  of  his  opportunities.  His  position  at 
the  India  Office  confers  on  him  the  control 
of  a  set  of  documents  full  of  romantic 
adventure  and  peculiarly  interesting  to 
Englishmen,  yet  by  his  manner  of  publish- 
ing them  he  goes  far  to  deprive  them  of 
their  native  attractiveness,  and  transmutes 
his  silver  into  lead  with  a  steady  persistency 
painful  to  observe.  It  seems  almost  vain  to 
hope  that  he  will  yet  learn  to  better  his 
methods. 


Selections  from    the    Letters   of   De    Drosses. 

Translated     by    Lord     Ronald     Gower. 

(Regan  Paul  &  Co.) 
We  had  certainly  supposed  De  Brosses's 
'Lettres  Historiques  et  Critiques  surl'Italie,' 
from  which  the  selection  before  us  is  taken, 
to  be  more  generally  known  than  their  trans- 
lator says.  Nor  do  we  understand  why  he 
should  give  1839  as  the  date  of  their  first 
appearance,  for  the  edition  with  which  we 
are  acquainted  was  published  in  1799.  The 
tour  itself  was  made  in  1739-40,  and,  as 
recorded  by  the  light-hearted  }roung  lawyer, 
is  in  great  part  interesting.  The  sightseer's 
catalogue  of  achievements  is  relieved  by  a 
peculiarly  jaunty  style,  which  might  almost 
enable  De  Brosses  to  boast  with  Addison 
of  having  "  mentioned  but  few  Things  in 
common  with  others  that  are  not  either  set 
in  a  new  Light,  or  accompany'd  with  different 
Reflections."  This  tinge  of  individuality  is 
needful,  as  Misson,  who  for  the  preceding 
fifty  years  had  already  been  well  utilized  by 
tourists,  was  De  Brosses's  vade-mecum  as  far 
as  Rome,  where  the  book,  being  naturally 
enough  upon  the  Index,  was  confiscated  b}' 
the  Inquisition. 

Though  Lord  Ronald  in  his  work  of  selec- 
tion has  omitted,  amongst  other  matters, 
numerous  lengthy  disquisitions  on  painting, 
still  enough  of  such  criticisms  remain  to 
show  that  in  art  fashion  changes  more  com- 
pletely than  in  any  other  subject,  theology 
perhaps  excepted.  And  it  is  for  this  reason 
that  amongst  the  descriptions  of  Italy  in  the 
eighteenth  century  we  ourselves,  though 
amused  by  De  Brosses,  prefer  the  works  of 
Dupaty,  of  Duclos,  and  of  the  Abbe  Richard, 
men  who,  unlike  mere  virtuosi,  partook  of 
the  newly  awakened  curiosity  in  the  social 
condition  of  tho  people,  and  inquired  into 
the  administration  of  justice,  finance,  and 
charity  ;  the  state  of  hospitals  and  galleys  ; 
tho  management  of  government  monopolies  ; 
the  number  of  tho  population,  &c.  Yet  it 
must  be  confessed  that  there  is  a  certain 
monotony  in  such  investigations,  for,  except 
in  Tuscany,  they  generally  load  us  to  con- 
clude with  Gorani  that  to  tho  omnipotent 
aristocracy  "  tho  people  were  of  no  more 
account  than  tho  cattle  on  a  farm,"  and  to 
accept  as  a  reason  for  their  quiescence  Dupaty'a 
assertion:  "La  mesuro  do  l'oppression  qu'on 


peut  supporter  n'est  pas  encore  a  son  comble. 
On  croit  cependant  la  goutte  de  trop  in- 
evitable :  la  patience  du  peuple  est  lasse." 
Perhaps  the  very  fact  that  the  house  of 
Lorraine  had,  as  Duclos  assures  us,  the 
grateful  people  and  peasants  for  panegyrists 
('GCuvres  de  Duclos,'  vol.  vii.  p.  172),  ex- 
plains why  Do  Brosses,  mixing  with  none 
but  the  wealthy  classes,  represented  the  then 
newly  imported  family  as  despised,  and  the 
Florentines  as  living  only  in  the  hope  of 
getting  for  their  ruler  Don  Philip  of  Spain, 
son-in-law  of  the  French  king. 

No  diversity  of  opinion,  however,  existed 
as  to  the  supremacy  of  Florence  over  all 
Italy  in  the  cultivation  of  "literature,  art, 
philosophy,  and  mathematics,"  whilst  the 
society,  "  brighter  and  cleverer  than  else- 
where," exhibited  "incredible  luxury"  in 
equipages,  dress,  and  furniture.  But  "the 
only  town  which  looks  like  a  capital  city  is 
Naples  ;  the  life,  the  number  of  the  people, 
the  noise  in  the  streets,  the  endless  carriages, 

combined  with  a  brilliant  Court give  a 

look  of  Paris  or  London  for  which  one 
seeks  in  vain  in  Rome";  nevertheless 
"  there  is  an  air  of  constraint  in  the  society, 
the  assemblies  are  not  agreeable,  and  there 
is  a  kind  of  varnish  of  artificiality  and 
superstition  that  pervades  the  whole  place." 
The  Neapolitan  populace  is  denounced  as 
"  the  most  abominable,  the  most  disgusting 
vermin  that  have  ever  crawled  on  earth." 
But  neither  in  these  selections  nor  yet  in 
the  original  letters  do  we  find  Do  Brosses 
tracing  the  demoralization  of  high  and  low 
to  its  source,  the  preponderance  of  the 
ecclesiastical  element.  In  proportion  to  tho 
population,  the  number  of  persons  dedicated 
to  the  Church  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples  in 
1766  was  three  times  as  large  as  in  France 
(Duclos,  vol.  vii.  p.  108). 

Though  De  Brosses  was  amiable  enough 
to  esteem  Rome  as  "  the  most  beautiful  city 
in  the  world,  Paris  not  excepted,"  he  found 
that  the  juxtaposition  of  hovels  and  palaces 
"  makes  one  think  that  Rome  is  still  suffer- 
ing from  its  burning  by  the  Gauls,  and  that 
when   it  was  rebuilt    after   the    fire  every 
person   put    up    his   dwelling   in   the   first 
vacant    space    that   came    to   hand."     The 
Tiber  was  "rarely  crossed   except    by  the 
bridges  of  St.  Angelo  and  Sixtus,  for  the 
other   bridges   are  more  or  less  ruinous "; 
quays  wore  much  needed,  whilst  tho  Jews' 
quarters  by  tho  river  bank  wero  "  a  perfect 
kennel."      Travellers    in    those     days    in- 
variably   sought     accommodation     in     the 
Piazza  di  Spagna  or  its  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood,   and    as    invariably    complained 
with  Do  Brosses  of  the  wondrous  scarcity 
of  good  hotels ;    in  fact,  a    guide-book  of 
1774  tells  us:    "A    Rome    il    n'y  a  point 
d'aubergo  comme  dans  les  autres  endroits  " 
('  Portefeuille  a  qui  font  le  Tour  d'ltalio  '). 
Tho  English  swarmed,  and  won   favour  by 
their  liberality;  but  tho  thorough  detesta- 
tion entortainod    throughout  Italy  for  tho 
French  was  as  palpable  to  De  Brosses  as  it 
had  been  early  in  the  century  to  Addison. 
Still,   the   Frenchman    mado    his   way    in 
society  well  enough  to  bo  ablo  to  give  good 
sketches  of  some  of  tho  leading  figures  of 
the  Papal  Court — of  Cardinals  do  Toncin, 
Passionei,  and  Aquaviva  ;  of  Clement  XII. 
and  of   his   immediate  successor,    Cardinal 
Lambertini,  better  known  as  Benedict  XIV., 
11  a  capital  follow,  without  any  kind  of  pre- 


342 


T  II  E     AT  II  KN^EUM 


N  3620,  Kabch  18,  '97 


tension witty,     gay,     ind     possessed     of 

literary     talent apt     to     use    certain 

pletive  particles   not    ol  a   strictly  Olthodoi 
kind,"  wlu>    told    "  most    amusing  stories   of 

tlir  Bolognese  Ladiei  and  gossip  about  tho 
Court  of  Rome." 

Having  previously  made  acquaintance 
at  Florence  with  Baron  do  Stock,  who  had 
been  "sent  out  of  Borne  as  being  a  spy  of 
tho  Pretender's,"  De  Brossos  now  appears 
as  the  welcome  guest  of  the  royal  exilo, 
who,  with  his  young  sons,  was  living  in 
"  a  huge  but  ugly  building"  "  in  tho  Piazza 
of  the  SS.  Apostoli"  —  "an  ultra  dovot," 
looking  "  not  only  sad  but  silly,"  and 
passing  his  mornings  in  prayer  at  the  grave 
of  his  wife  in  tho  neighbouring  church.  Such 
information  as  Do  Brosses  could  retail  about 
the  Chevalier  and  his  family  was  eagerly 
received  by  the  English  visitors  in  Rome, 
as,  ho  declares,  thoy  were  "  forbidden,  on 
pain  of  capital  punishment,  to  enter  the 
palace  of  tho  Stuarts."  We  do  not  know 
why,  having  permitted  his  author  to  record 
the  large  sums  granted  to  the  Pretender  by 
France,  Spain,  and  the  Papal  Court,  Lord 
Ronald  does  not  let  De  Brosses  finish  his 
story  and  describe  how,  in  recognition  of 
De  Tencin's  efforts  to  get  the  French, 
annuity  of  100,000  livres  replaced  on  its 
former  footing,  and  in  gratitude,  moreover, 
for  a  gift  of  500,000  livres  from  the  eccle- 
siastic's own  purse,  "le  pretendant  lui  a 
donne  sa  nomination  au  chapeau  de  car- 
dinal" (De  Brosses,  vol.  ii.  p.  358, 
ed.  1799).  The  right  to  make  such  a 
nomination  had,  Duclos  tells  us,  been  con- 
ferred by  the  Pope  in  1712  on  the  Chevalier 
St.  George,  who  ever  after  used  his  privilege 
in  favour  of  Frenchmen,  receiving  from 
each  a  present  of  100,000  ecus  (Duclos, 
vol.  vii.  p.  72). 

There  is  no  need  to  dwell  on  De  Brosses's 
sojourn  in  Bologna,  where,  under  the  Papal 
Legate,  "the  most  essential  of  all  duties  is 
to  go  thrice  a  week  to  the  opera "  ;  nor  to 
refer  to  his  visit  to  "the  minute  republic" 
of  Lucca;  nor  to  Leghorn  (here  rendered  as 
"Livorno"),  "a  little  pocket  town,  quite 
new,  pretty  enough  to  put  into  one's  snuff- 
box," where  "  every  nation  can  exercise 
its  religion  freely"  ;  nor  to  Ferrara,  "  vast, 
spacious,  and  deserted" ;  nor  to  Milan,  whose 
"  people  are  the  most  delightful  in  Italy," 
for  "  their  habits  closely  resemble"  those  of 
the  French ;  nor  to  Genoa,  which  he  treats 
rather  disdainfully;  nor  even  to  Venice, 
where  he  fully  enters  into  all  the  joyousness 
of  "  the  revel  of  tho  earth,  the  masque  of 
Italy."  We  would  note,  however,  that 
when  De  Brosses  writes  of  Genoese  nobles, 
"  gens  de  400,000  livres  de  rente,  qui  n'en 
mangent  pas  30,000 "  (vol.  i.  p.  65),  Lord 
Ronald  renders  the  latter  sum  as  "thirty 
livres  in  the  year  "  (p.  3).  According  to  the 
references  given  in  tho  index  (p.  317),  the 
Procurator  Tiepolo,  librarian  of  St.  Mark's 
Palace,  and  Giambatista  Tiepolo  the  painter 
(both  contemporaries  of  Do  Brosses)  becomo 
one  and  tho  same  person,  who,  moreover,  is 
said  to  bo  represented  in  Paul  Veronese's 
'Wedding  of  Cana.'  Tho  book  is  most 
meagrely  annotated. 

If  it  be  worth  while  to  issuo  this  hand- 
somely got-up  translation,  we  wonder  tho 
honour  of  publication  has  never  been 
accorded  to  tho  travels  in  Italy  of  Comto 
de  Caylus,  a  contemporary  of  De  Brosses. 


The  manuscript,  which  ire  saw  a  fen  y 
ago  in  tin-  Laurentian  Library  in  Flint  ■• 

appeared    interesting,    though    difficult    to 

decipher. 

IifcolUctioK8  of  Feniatu  and  Fenianitm,    By 

John  O'Loary.     2  vols.     (Downey  &  Co.) 

"IIkhk  at  last  we  have  a  really  exciting 
Irish  book  !  "  is  tho  exclamation  with  which, 
no  doubt,  many  readers  have  opened  Mr. 
U'Leary's  recollections;  for  to  those  who 
are  past  thirty  years  of  age  Fenianism  was 
a  vague,  romantic  terror  in  childhood,  and 
later  we  have  all  been  told  to  believe  in 
tho  immense  moral  superiority  of  the  Fenian 
movement  over  the  agitations  which  have 
succeeded  it.  Compared  with  the  modern 
Nationalist,  the  Fenian  was  a  fine  fellow  : 
he  dealt  in  deeds,  not  words  ;  he  risked  his 
skin,  and  cheated  nobody ;  he  was  a  rebel, 
but  he  was  a  man  of  action.  We  know 
exactly  what  he  wanted,  and  know,  too, 
that  he  never  had  the  slightest  chance  of 
getting  it.  Viewed  from  the  safe  distance 
of  a  quarter  of  a  century,  the  Fenian  is  a 
somewhat  romantic  figure,  who  may  be  cast 
either  for  the  hero  or  villain  of  the  piece  at 
will.  And  among  Fenians  none  has  been 
more  respected  than  Mr.  O'Leary.  It  may 
be  that  he  is  regarded  as  a  picturesque  relic 
rather  than  a  living  force  ;  but  those  who 
differ  from  him  most  (and  even  those  who 
differ  from  him  least)  have  always  accepted 
him  as  an  honourable  opponent  and  a  person 
of  literary  tastes.  It  is,  then,  no  proof  of 
sympathy  with  Fenianism  to  take  up  this 
reminiscence  of  the  Hillside  men  with  the 
expectation  of  reading  an  exciting,  well-told 
tale.  But,  alas  !  Mr.  O'Leary  is  a  disap- 
pointed man,  and  he  now  repays  disappoint- 
ment with  disappointment.  Life  is  a  sad  and 
soured  affair  to  him  in  these  later  days.  He 
is  bitter  and  disillusioned,  and  his  book  is 
written  on  grey  paper  with  a  leaden  pen 
dipped  in  gall,  so  that  we  say  to  ourselves 
on  every  page,  Can  this  be  John  O'Leary  ? 
Can  the  high-couraged  rebel  of  '66  be  the 
carping,  sneering  critic  of  '96  ?  It  may  be 
that  disappointment  can  make  a  great  soul 
small  and  a  sweet  nature  sour,  but  dis- 
appointment is  only  less  sure  than  death  : 
it  is  the  common  lot,  and  not  to  one  human 
being  in  a  nation  does  life  fulfil  the  dreams 
of  youth  :  the  man  who  lets  himself  be 
soured  by  a  fate  so  universal  is  little  of  a 
philosopher. 

True,  it  does  not  befall  us  all  to  pass  the 
best  j'ears  of  life  in  gaol ;  but  then  we  are 
not  all  rebels.  Mr.  O'Leary's  fate  was  no 
harder  than  the  fate  which  commonlj7  befalls 
soldiers ;  it  is  no  worse  to  suffer  imprison- 
ment for  a  beloved  cause  than  to  lose  an 
eye,  a  nose,  a  leg,  or  a  lung,  for  your  country's 
honour.  Yet  multitudes  of  maimed  and 
mutilated  soldiers  grow  into  genial  old  men, 
and,  happily,  the  majority  of  those  who  in- 
tend to  write  their  name  in  fire,  but  leave  it 
writ  in  water,  accept  their  destiny  with  the 
quiet  heroism  called  patience. 

Not  so  Mr.  O'Loary  :  he  is  too  proud  and 
too  well  bred  to  say,  to  hint,  even  to  feel, 
that  his  own  fate  is  hard  ;  but  ho  is  dis- 
illusioned— as  he  himself  says,  is  "certainly 
very  little  in  love  with  the  present,"  and 
thero  are  few  men,  measures,  or  countries 
nt  which  he  does  not  sneer.  That 
tho   rebel   of   tho   sixties   should   view  the 


agitator  of    tho   nineties   with   disfavour  is 
natural   enough:    ire  can  understand  Mr. 

'  I'J.eary's  dislike  of   "tho   union   of  hearts, 
fools,  and   rogues,"  and  "  thes.e   men   of  no 
property  with  a  vengeance,  our  wonderful 
Nationalist    M.l'.s  ,    to    mention    no 
others.      No   one   would    accuse    them    of 
means  any  more  than  merit  or  birth."  Most 
men  whose  day  has  gone  by  mistrust  those 
who  have  succeeded  them  :  it  is  natural  that 
the  newspaper  editor  of  a  generation  ago 
should   bemoan   the    "  general    decay   and 
degradation  of  the  so-called  National  press," 
and  that  the  leader  who  strove  to  sever  Ire- 
land  from   the   empire  should  despise  the 
"patriotic   Boycotters   and   Plan   of   Cam- 
paigners, quite  willing  that  England  should 
rule,  but  wanting  to  get  as  much  as  they 
could  out  of  their  landlords,   and,  indeed, 
out  of    everybody  else,"   especially  as  the 
modern  programme  proved  more  successful 
than  the  policy  of  "  thorough"  practised  by 
Mr.  O'Leary  and  his  associates.     Thus  we 
understand   and   forgive   his    too    frequent 
laments  at  the  degeneracy  of  this  age ;  it 
is  the  universal  tendency  of  the  old,  and 
would  move  sympathy  if  contrasted  with  a 
generous   appreciation   of   the   giants  who 
walked   the    earth  some  thirty  years  ago  ; 
but  Mr.  O'Leary  views  the  past  with  the 
same   glass   as   the   present,   and    Thomas 
Davis,    whom   he   never   knew,    and   John 
Martin,  who  was  never  a  power  in  politics, 
are   almost  the  only  persons  of  whom  he 
writes  with  affection.  We  say  "  almost,"  for 
we   find   one  man   always  alluded  to  most 
kindly  as  a  garrulous,  well-meaning  fellow 
who  can  talk  an  infinite  deal  of  nothing — 
more   than   any  man  in  all    Ireland.     But 
then  Mr.  O'Leary  is  of  that  large  minority 
among  Irishmen  who  have  a  theoretic  con- 
tempt for  the  spoken  or  written  word ;  though, 
so  far  as  we  can  find  from  these  volumes, 
the  orthodox  high-class  Fenians  talked  and 
wrote   about   rebellion  and  did   not  rebel, 
while     the      agitators     of     the     eighties, 
if   they   relied   on    a   war   of   words   only, 
did   really    reduce   the   country  to   a   con- 
dition which   differed   in  name   only   from 
civil  war.     As   often    happens,  the  advice 
"  Don't   hold   him  under   the   pump "    has 
proved  more  provocative  of  action  than  more 
warlike  counsel.     In  the  matter  of  rebellion 
the  Land  Leaguers  did  what  they  could  to 
the  extreme  limit  of  their  power,  while  the 
Hillside  men,  unable  to  do  what  they  would, 
did  nothing ;  for  the  dynamiters  of  a  later  day 
are  either  not  Fenians  at  all,  or  "Fenians 
seduced  by  the  Land  League."     On  Mr. 
O'Leary's  own  showing  the  Fenian  move- 
ment  was   never   really  popular,   and  was 
always  in  want  of  money,  and,  with  a  can- 
dour amazing  in  a  conspirator,  he  lets  us 
see  how  frail    the  antagonist  of  England 
really  was  : — 

"Up  to  the  starting  of  the  paper,  towards 
the  close  of  the  year  '63,  the  organization  was 
comparatively  limited  in  numbers,  and  more  or 
less  confined  to  certain  localities The  limita- 
tion, both  as  to  number  and  place,  was,  I  am 
thoroughly  convinced,  altogether  due  to  the 
luck  of  money." 

Nor  has  he  more  illusions  or  more  subter- 
fuge in  regard  to  the  leaders :  he  does  not 
hido  from  us  the  common  clay  of  which  the 
arch  Fenians  were  made.  O'Mahony,  though 
excellent  and  lovable,  "had  no  very 
striking  or  salient  qualities  of  mind,"  and 


N°  3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


343 


was  distinguished  by  "morbid  sensibility" 
(surely  an  undesirable  trait  in  a  rebel !), 
and  was,  moreover,  "  somewhat  suspicious 
— an  unpleasant  consequence  of  a  fit  of 
temporary  insanity." 

This  O'Mahony,  of  handsome  person  and 
upright  character,  was  the  leader  of  Fenian- 
ism  in  America,  and  was  always  at  logger- 
heads with  the  Irish  leader  Stephens,  who 
is  clearly  no  favourite  with  our  author. 
"  Amiable  he  never  could  be  :  he  was  vain, 
arrogant,  with  a  most  inordinate  belief  in 
his  own  powers  and  proportionate  contempt 
for  others,"  "  without  a  trace  of  charity  or 
humility  in  his  composition."  "Worse  than 
all,  "it  was  impossible  to  disentangle  fact 
from  fancy  in  his  talk  ;  you  often  could  not 
in  the  least  believe  what  he  said,"  and  much 
more  to  the  same  effect.  On  the  other 
hand,  "  Stephens  had  not  a  good  word  to 
say  for  any  of  the  Young  Ireland  party," 
and  Mr.  O'Leary  himself  has  very  few,  his 
praise  of  those  whom  he  liked  being  of  the 
faintest — for  Lalor's  "  nature  had  contracted 
a  sort  of  moral  twist";  "Mr.  Smith 
O'Brien  was  without  any  soldierly  quality 
except  personal  courage";  Duffy,  "if  he 
had  not  abandoned  the  national  programme, 
was  at  least  inclined  to  put  it  into  the 
background";  and  B.  Dillon  is  passed  over 
in  eloquent  silence.  Meagher  was  "  weak 
of  will";  and  of  Mitchel  "  I  did  not  take 
away  so  favourable  an  impression  as  I  had 
expected ;  I  cannot  say  that  I  ever  found 
him  what  I  should  at  all  call  genial  or 
particularly  sympathetic."  He  "  grew  dis- 
satisfied most  certainly  with  the  prospects 
and  very  much  with  the  personnel  of  Fenian- 
ism.  Stephens  he  could  never  endure,  and 
the  dislike  was  mutual."  In  short, 
Mitchel  appears  to  have  been  another  soured 
and  disappointed  man. 

But  while  the  Young  Irelanders  dis- 
pleased the  Fenians  on  one  hand,  A.  M. 
Sullivan  and  the  priests  were  even  more 
odious  on  the  other,  and  a  good  part  of  the 
second  volume  is  filled  with  an  account  of 
the  struggle  between  the  Irish  People, 
of  which  Mr.  O'Leary  was  editor,  and 
"prevaricating  priests  and  contradictory 
bishops."  Mr.  O'Leary's  antagonism  to 
the  priest  in  politics  is  one  with  which  most 
people  sympathize,  even  though  they  have 
less  reason  than  he  for  resenting  clerical 
interference.  His  book  clearly  demonstrates 
that  the  opposition  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
clergy  was  the  most  formidable  antagonist 
with  which  Fenianism  had  to  contend ;  and 
whatever  our  opinion  on  the  sincerity  of  the 
alliance  between  the  "  patriotic  Boycotters 
and  Plan  of  Campaigners"  and  the  clergy, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  latter-day  patriots 
profited  by  the  experience  of  their  fathers 
when  they  secured  the  priests  on  their  side. 

That  Mr.  O'Leary  should  hate  England 
is  natural  enough ;  he  would  be  a  poor 
creature  if  he  did  not,  for  it  is  impossible 
to  read  this  book  without  feeling  how 
theoretic  was  the  high  treason  for  which 
the  sentenco  of  twenty  years'  imprison- 
ment was  passed  on  him.  This  harsh 
treatment  he  passes  over  almost  in 
silence,  whereby  he  proves  the  sincerity 
of  his  bad  opinion  of  "the  prejudiced  and 
brutal  English  mind."  England  behavod, 
as  he  felt  sure  she  would  behave,  without 
intelligence  or  generosity  ;  and  he  says  no 
word  of  the  dreary  years  of  captivity,  and 


very  few  of  his  trial,  but  what  he  does  say 
is  not  at  all  violent  or,  from  his  point  of 
view,  unfair : — 

"  Then  came  what  I  thought  at  the  time  the 
ablest  speech  against  me.     This  was  the  charge 

of  the  judge,  Mr.  Justice  Fitzgerald,  Avho 

took  upon  himself  the  role  of  advocate,  and,  as 
it  seemed  to  me,  of  a  not  over  fair  one.  For 
instance,  dwelling  on  what  was  called  the 
'  Executive  document,'  where  it  said  'show  this 
to  Charles  and  John,'  Mr.  Justice  Fitzgerald 
read  to  the  jurors  'show  this  to  Charles  Kick- 
ham  and  John  O'Leary,'  giving  no  inkling  at 
first  of  the  fact  that  he  was  interpreting  and  not 
quoting,  and  when  this  was  pointed  out  to  him, 
at  my  suggestion,  by  Dowse,  he  simply  said  that 
what  he  read  (or  rather  read  into  it)  was  what 
the  thing  meant." 

Hero  Mr.  O'Leary  takes  leave  of  us  ;  of 
his  imprisonment  he  says  only  incidentally  : 

"lam  not  a  man  to  mourn  over  the  loss  of 
a  cravat  any  more  than  of  breeches  ;  nor,  of 
course,  am  I  at  all  desirous,  or  I  hope  capable, 
of  in  any  way  following  in  the  wake  of  any  of 
our  late  plank-bedded,  two-monthed  (or  even 
six-monthed)  martyrs." 


NEW  NOVELS. 
Phroso.     By  Anthony  Hope.     (Methuen  & 

Co.) 
For  the  moment  Anthony  Hope  appears  to 
have  lost  some  of  his  cunning.  Of  course, 
this  book  is  not  dull — nothing  he  writes  could 
be  ;  but  in  the  form  of  adventure  which  he 
has  chosen  he  does  not  seem  to  have  hit 
upon  a  subject  suited  to  his  talents.  Anthony 
Hope  succeeds  chiefly  in  delineating  the  play 
of  a  highly  civilized  and  hypertrophied 
passion,  in  the  subtlety  of  delicate  and 
courtly  innuendo,  and  in  the  kindly  cynic's 
observation  of  the  comedy  of  manners. 
Here  he  has  attempted  the  thoroughgoing 
novel  of  adventure,  with  its  irretrievable 
villain,  its  peerless  heroine,  and  its  Bayard 
of  a  hero ;  the  hairbreadth  escapes,  the 
plentiful  effusion  of  gore,  and  the  satisfac- 
tory ending.  '  The  Prisoner  of  Zenda '  suc- 
ceeded where  this  does  not,  because  in  that 
the  tragedy  constantly  staggered  on  the  edge 
of  burlesque  :  it  was,  in  fact,  perfected  by 
its  unreality.  But  in  '  Phroso  '  the  under- 
current of  satire  is  wanting,  and  the  critical 
moments,  which  are  numerous,  are  not  quite 
real  enough  to  stand  on  their  own  merits. 
In  all  of  them  is  felt,  not  the  inspiration 
of  a  Dumas  or  a  Scott,  but  the  ingenuity 
of  a  brilliant  writer  who  conscientiously 
piles  on  the  agony  with  a  cleverness  which 
extorts  admiration,  but  no  conviction.  For 
example,  the  great  scene  where  the  hero  and 
the  villain  are  brought  face  to  face  before 
the  multitude  is  a  marvel  of  construction  ; 
but  the  alternating  fortunes  of  the  two  dis- 
putants, while  at  first  exciting,  end  by  weary- 
ing from  excess  of  smartness.  Moreover,  it 
seems  to  us  a  grave  fault  of  construction 
that  the  book  should  be  cut  into  two 
such  distinct  halves  as  it  is  at  the  end  of 
that  scene.  Here  seems  a  very  natural 
ending  for  the  book,  and  with  the  appear- 
ance of  the  Fasha  almost  a  new  story  is 
begun.  The  hero  himself  in  this  book  is 
not  nearly  so  pleasing  as  tho  hero  in  '  The 
Prisoner  of  Zenda.'  He  relates  tho  story 
himself,  and  in  so  doing  is  too  ostentatious 
in  his  avoidanco  of  appearing  priggish  ;  he 
is  not  actually  a  prig,  but  he  is  some- 
thing   very    like   it ;    in    fact,     he    is    an 


exaggeration  of  Anthony  Hope's  favourite 
type  of  hero.  On  the  other  hand,  whenever 
a  dialogue  takes  place  the  book  is  charming, 
especially  in  the  half-fencing,  half-ironic 
kinds  of  dialogue  in  which  the  author 
delights.  Some  of  Lord  Wheatley's  con- 
versations with  the  Pasha  are  entirely 
worthy  of  the  author,  but  tho  gem  of  the 
whole  book  seems  to  us  a  conversation  near 
the  end  between  Lord  Wheatley  and  Mrs. 
Hipgrave,  a  bit  of  comedy  full  of  happy 
turns  of  expression  quite  worthy  of  the 
'  Dolly  Dialogues.'  In  conclusion,  it  must 
be  said  that  if  almost  anybody  else  but 
Anthony  Hope  had  written  this  book,  one 
would  have  been  delighted  with  it. 

The    Quest   of  the    Golden  Girl.     By  E.  Le 

Gallienne.  (Lane.) 
Life  was  to  R.  L.  Stevenson  a  road  on  which 
he  walked  in  boyish  quest  of  adventure,  and 
this  attitude  of  his  has  been  adopted  by 
younger  writers  with  irritating  frequency. 
Here  the  idea  of  a  walking  tour  in  search 
of  the  Golden  Girl  (or  ideal  wife)  suits  the 
desultory  and  fanciful  irresponsibility  of 
Mr.  Le  Gallienne' s  style.  The  adventures 
of  the  hero,  related  in  the  first  person, 
are  very  loosely  strung  together,  with 
little  confidences  to  the  reader,  and  reflec- 
tions on  the  lack  of  progress  in  the  story, 
which  smack  of  "padding."  At  other  times 
the  author  is  fluent  to  excess.  His  reflec- 
tions on  a  single  look  are : — 

"  Similarly  in  that  moment  I  seemed  to  have 
dived  into  this  unknown  girl's  eyes,  to  have 
walked  through  the  treasure  palaces  of  her  soul, 
to  have  stood  before  the  flaming  gates  of  her 
heart,  to  have  gathered  silver  flowers  in  the 
fairy  gardens  of  her  dreams.  1  had  followed 
her  white  -  robed  spirit  across  the  moonlit 
meadows  of  her  fancy,  and  by  her  side  had 
climbed  the  dewy  ladder  of  the  morning  star, 
and  then  suddenly  I  had  been  whirled  up  again 
to  the  daylight  through  the  magic  fountains  of 
her  eyes." 

There  is  more  yet,  but  this  will  probably 
suffice.  And  surely  oaths,  barmaids,  and 
whiskey -and -soda  were  out  of  place  in  a 
fanciful  and  frankly  impossible  idyl  such 
as  this.  Mr.  Le  Gallienne  has  enough  wit 
and  fancy  to  do  without  these  wearisome 
adjuncts  of  some  modern  humour.  _  The 
plain  sensuality  of  many  pages,  the  insistence 
on  details  modern  taste  has  agreed  to  leave 
unmentioned,  is  a  much  more  serious  matter. 
Sentimental  journeys  nowadays  should  surely 
leave  out  some  of  Sterne's  effects.  There  is 
here,  not  to  mince  matters,  much  of  that 
"odd  and  most  uncomfortable  coarseness" 
which,  we  are  told  on  good  authority,  dis- 
tinguishes "  the  bright  boy  of  fiction."  Mr. 
Le  Gallienne  can  write  a  good  deal  better 
than  he  has  done  in  'The  Quest  of  the 
Golden  Girl.'         

Glamour.  By  Mete  Orred.  (Lane.) 
In  spite  of  interesting  and  even  brilliant  pas- 
sages, '  Glamour '  is  not  a  successful  story. 
It  is  often  picturesque,  but  it  is  never  satis- 
factory. There  is  too  much  about  peoplo 
who  "have  power  over  one  another";  a 
theme  is  suggested  and  is  even  developed, 
but  is  suddenly  found  to  have  no  import- 
ance in  the  story;  tho  grammar  is  ofton 
faulty,  and  tho  "double-shotted"  opithots 
are  too  numerous.  In  places  tho  story 
suggests  that  somo  radical  change  has  been 


::il 


T  II  E    ATHENAEUM 


N  3620,  Mabch  13,  '97 


made  in  tho  plot,  and  that  tho  alterations 
nocossitated  thereby  havo  esoaped  attention. 
Tho  scono  is  laid  partly  in  an  old  English 
rouiitiv  h0UM  ind  partly  in  Italy,  the  timo 
is  nearly  that  of  to-day,  and  yet  tho  hero 
says  : — 

■•  ■  Perhaps  ire  are  ghosts,  perhapa  ire  live  to 

hosts  before  we  die  ;  ghosts  of  our  former 

selves,   ghosts  of  what   ire   might   have  been.1 

'That  is  a  hard  Baying,1  said  Lady  Noel]  quietly, 

*  hitter  to  say  and  bitter  to  feel.'  " 

So  far  as  wo  can  judgo  it  is  not  hitter,  hut 
simply  silly.  Fortunately  tho  passage  is 
ono  which  does  not  characterize  tho  whole 
volume. 

Charity     Chance.       By    Walter    Raymond. 

(Bliss,  Sands  &  Co.) 
Babblsoombb,  tho  scene  of  Walter  Ray- 
mond's story,  will  be  easily  identified  by 
those  who  know  tho  Somersetshire  and 
Devonshire  coast  of  the  Bristol  Channel. 
The  scenery  and  the  life  of  the  quiet  village 
and  harbour  are  excellently  described,  and 
the  story  has  just  sufficient  momentum  to 
cany  the  roader  to  the  end.  The  heroine  is  a 
young  lady  who  would  gladly  exchange  her 
rich  and  lazy  fiance  for  one  with  whom  she 
might  share  a  struggle  for  existence ;  and 
she  possesses  the  courage  of  her  opinions. 
The  story,  slight  as  it  is,  is  well  and  care- 
fully told.  The  author,  like  his  heroine, 
might  have  taxed  himself  with  something 
more  substantial. 

The    Old  Ecstasies.      By  Gaspard   Trehern. 

(Bellairs  &  Co.) 
That  the  question  of  sex  is  of  paramount 
importance  is  a  truth  so  obvious  that  it  may 
fairly  be  called  a  truism.  Mr.  Trehern, 
however,  thinks  that  there  is  still  something 
left  for  him  to  say  about  it,  and  his  views 
are  expressed  ad  nauseam  and  with  much 
similarity  by  his  four  principal  characters. 
Two  of  these  being  early  ejected  from  the 
scene,  the  interest  of  the  book,  such  as  it  is, 
centres  entirely  upon  the  evolution  of  the 
"dancing  girl"  after  her  marriage  with 
the  inventor.  The  experiences  of  the  latter 
(narrated  by  himself,  as  is  the  whole  story) 
have  obviously  a  solid  foundation  of  truth, 
and  bear  testimony  to  the  faithful  study 
of  one  class  of  women,  and  to  the  results, 
acting  upon  a  morbid  imagination,  of  the 
society  of  one  of  that  class.  This  is  all 
that  can  be  said,  except  that  the  author 
could  hardly  have  chosen  a  more  slovenly 
or  unimpressive  manner  of  delivering  him- 
self. The  sentences  are  either  ostentatiously 
short  or  unduly  long,  interlarded  with  slang 
and  besprinkled  with  adjectives  of  which 
"brainy"  is  a  fair  specimen.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  before  he  attempts  another 
psychological  treatise — novel  it  can  hardly 
bo  called — Mr.  Trehern  will  learn  to  dis- 
criminate between  tho  use  and  misuso  of 
the  English  language. 

The     Village    and    the    Doctor.      By   James 

Gordon.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
The  villago  doctor  is  breaking  down  in 
health  ;  he  has  a  largo  family  to  support,  and 
a  quantity  of  bad  debts,  for  tho  rustic  com- 
munity, which  agrees  that  "it's  al'ays  best 
to  call  the  doctor,"  seldom  pays  him  except 
with  a  load  or  two  of  hay  for  his  overworked 
horse.  Finally,  when  ho  has  been  goaded 
to  death  by  villago  censure,   there  is   an 


outburst  of  affectionate  gratitude  for  hi* 
memory.  This,  briefly,  is  the  picture,  pro- 
bably true  enough,  supplied  in  the  prosonl 
volumo,  and  it  is  ono,  like  others  from  tho 
1  ■  OOf  those  who  know,  which  does  not  impress 
tho  reader  in  favour  of  the  English  villager. 
There  is,  however,  sufficient  pathos  and 
humour  in  tho  tolling,  and  a  sufficient  com- 
prehension of  tho  rustic  mind,  to  atono  in 
some  moasuro  for  the  sadness.  Moreover, 
all  the  scenes  in  tho  book  are  not  concerned 
with  the  doctor,  and  the  majority  of  them 
are  certainly  meant  to  entertain  us  ;  and  in 
this  laudable  intention  they  would  succeed 
better  if  they  were  less  long-winded.  As  it 
is,  '  Bishop  Allsop,'  which  deals  with  tho 
election  of  a  wife  to  the  Parish  Council, 
is  really  amusing,  whereas  '  The  Unknown 
Beast'  and  'The  Wooing  of  the  Church- 
warden '  are  very  tedious.  The  '  Hermit  of 
the  Whispers'  is  a  chapter  as  disagreeable 
as  it  is  unlikely,  but  we  are  bound  to  say 
that  it  is  the  only  one  of  the  eight  sketches 
of  which  this  may  with  truth  be  said. 


The    Man    of    Straw.       By   Edwin    Pugh. 

(Heinemann.) 
"A  murderer  of  women's  souls  and  a 
woman's  body,  self-confessed,"  is  the  sub- 
ject of  Mr.  Pugh's  narrative.  His  wife, 
described  as  everything  that  is  admirable, 
finally  acts  as  his  executioner  in  order  that 
he  may  not  be  identified  and  tried  for 
murder,  and  she  may  save  her  children  from 
such  a  hideous  memory.  The  whole  course 
of  this  man' 8  career  is  carefully  traced  for 
the  reader's  delectation.  No  detail  of  horror 
is  suffered  to  stand  unrecorded.  The  author 
is  so  anxious  to  preserve  the  fidelity  of  his 
story  that  some  of  the  worst  words  in  the 
language  are  to  be  found  in  this  volume. 
The  fashion  of  the  day  is  said  to  permit 
fiction  of  this  class,  and  is  even  thought  to  en- 
courage its  production.  On  the  other  hand, 
Mr.  Pugh  at  times  shows  considerable  lite- 
rary skill,  and  here  and  there  we  meet  with  a 
graphic  and  well-described  scene.  But  the 
gruesome  narrative  soon  comes  to  the  sur- 
face again  and  effaces  every  pleasant  im- 
pression. A  sense  of  humour  is  rarely  to 
be  met  with.  The  hero  is  one  John  Colder- 
shaw ;  we  should  be  surprised  if  his  name 
ever  became  famous  in  fiction.  Some  of 
Mr.  Pugh's  readers  may  perhaps  be  puzzled 
by  such  an  expression  as  "the  Asiatic  half 
of  the  Mediterranean." 


Jean  d'Agrhe.   Par  le  Vicomte  M.  do  Yogiie. 

(Paris,  Colin  &  Cie.) 
An  Academician  is  expected  to  be  able  to 
describe  in  excellent  French,  and  both  love 
passages  and  the  scenery  of  Hyeres  and  its 
islands  lie  well  within  M.  de  Vogue's  powers  ; 
but  he  does  not,  perhaps,  possess  the  gift 
of  romance.  However  that  may  be,  there 
is  no  action  and  little  development  of  cha- 
racter in  his  new  book. 


BOOKS    OF   TRAVEL. 

TnE  Constantinople  described  in  Mrs.  Max 
Miiller's  Letters  from  Constantinople  (Longman), 
though  the  description  is  only  three  years  old, 
seems  already  to  belong  to  another  world. 
There  is  no  sound  or  anticipation  of  the  coming 
horrors.  The  author  speaks  with  keen  appre- 
ciation both  of  tho  architectural  glories,  struc- 
tural and  decorative,  of  the  principal  mosques, 
tombs,  and  fountains — whatever    the  demerits 


of  the  Turk,  he  belonga  to  •  great  building  race 
— and  of  the  beauty  of  the  surrounding  acenery, 
Intensified  for  the  party  by  enjoyable  picnics  ; 
bet  account,  too,  of  the  picturesque  old  Byzan- 

tine  walls  is  duly  seasoned  with  historical  allu- 
sions. All  thin  is  no  doubt  familiar  ground 
to  many  of  her  readers,  but  even  for  these  it 
will  be  pleasant  to  have  such  scenes  recalled  by 
a  sympathetic  and  intelligent  writer.  More 
than  one  imposing  spectacle  is  also  well  de- 
scribed. For  most  readers,  however,  the  chief 
interest  of  these  letters  will  lie  in  the  glimpses 
(not  often  vouchsafed  to   the   |  raveller) 

of  the  private  life  of  the  upper-class  Turk, 
which,  as  far  as  they  go,  seem  to  prove  some 
real  refinement  and  culture.  A  paper  by  Prof. 
Max  Midler  (for  a  few  of  the  "  Letters  "  bear  his 
initials)  contains  some  account  of  the  labours  of 
Hamdi  Bey,  the  well  known  Turkish  archaeo- 
logist, and  of  the  treasures  he  has  collected. 
The  skill  and  energy  he  has  shown  in 
exhuming  the  great  Syrian  sarcophagi,  and 
establishing  a  museum  for  them  at  Con- 
stantinople, are  decidedly  remarkable,  though, 
as  the  Professor  hints,  the  European  arclueo- 
logist  perceives  something  grotesque  in  the 
destination  of  these  important  finds,  and  thinks 
their  natural  resting-place  would  be  the  British 
Museum  or  the  Louvre.  But  behind  Hamdi 
Bey  is  the  influence  of  the  Sultan  Abd  el  Hamid, 
always  active,  we  are  told,  in  support  of  culture 
and  learning.  Recollecting  the  events  of  the 
last  two  years  and  the  Sultan's  apparent  com- 
plicity with  them,  we  rub  our  eyes  as  we  read 
his  portraiture  in  these  pages.  Not  that  much 
weight  need  be  attached  to  his  hospitality  and 
condescending  politeness,  or  even  to  his  bestowal 
of  the  "  Order  of  Mercy  "  on  Mrs.  Max  Miiller, 
by  all  which  she,  naturally  enough,  is  greatly 
impressed  ;  but  his  love  of  children,  his  in- 
terest in  literature,  his  active  encouragement 
of  education — a  whole  system  of  elementary 
schools,  for  girls  as  well  as  boys,  was  initiated,, 
we  are  told,  by  him,  and  is  supported  from 
his  private  resources ;  these  are  hardly  the 
characteristics  of  a  gloomy  and  murderous- 
fanatic.  And  "nemo  repentefuit  turpissimus." 
The  Professor  in  one  letter  speaks  of  Turkish 
religious  fanaticism  as  a  thing  of  the  past,  and 
anyhow  under  control  of  the  law,  as  in  other 
countries.  And  he  says  in  a  note,  "  I  do  not 
alter  this,  for  it  was  true  at  the  time."  Both 
writers,  indeed,  insist  that  the  hatred  felt 
towards  the  Armenians  is  purely  racial  and 
political,  and  they  attribute  much  evil  to  the 
action  of  the  Powers  in  limiting  their  efforts  to 
the  relief  of  the  Christian  populations,  instead 
of  working  for  a  general  reform  of  the  Govern- 
ment. But  these  great  questions  are  beyond 
our  present  scope. 

If  ephemeral  books  of  travel  must  be  written, 
the  writers  may  take  some  useful  hints  from  Mr. 
R.  H.  Russell  in  The  Edge  of  the  Orient  (Kegan 
Paul).  He  possesses  a  sense  of  the  humorous  as 
well  as  of  the  picturesque  aspects  of  things,  and  a 
feeling  of  proportion,  so  that  he  is  never  dull. 
He  cannot  really,  as  the  result  of  a  coasting- 
voyage  in  an  Austrian  Lloyd's  steamer  down 
the  east  side  of  the  Adriatic,  impart  much  in- 
formation ;  but  he  leaves  you  with  the  pleasant 
impression  of  some  really  beautiful  scenery, 
quaint  old  towns,  and  picturesque  costumes  ;  a 
climate  superior  to  that  of  the  Riviera,  and  a 
region  of  historic  interest — although  one  would 
like  to  know  more  about  the  "guns  captured  in 
the  seventh  century  from  the  Turks  by  the 
Venetians  ";  also  about  "  Juno  Augusta,  consort 
of  Emperor  Augustus."  Half  the  volume  is, 
wisely,  devoted  to  the  voyage  from  Trieste  to 
Montenegro,  which  to  the  tourist  is  compara- 
tively unfamiliar  ground.  The  rest  of  his  tour 
embraces  Constantinople,  Smyrna,  Damascus, 
and  Egypt,  but  on  this  well-beaten  track — 
though  he  seems  to  have  travelled  leisurely 
enough — he  confines  himself  to  a  few  salient 
reminiscences  and  chatty  impressions.  The 
volume  is   liberally  illustrated  —  indeed,  quite 


N°  3620,  Maech  13,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


345 


one-third  of  it  consists  of  illustrations,  most  of 
them  the  produce  of  the  author's  kodak,  which 
are  well  chosen,  and  often  decidedly  successful. 
As  author  and  printer  are  American  it  is  useless 
to  complain  that  the  spelling  is  not  English. 

Over  the  Andes,  from  the  Argentine  to  Chili 
and  Peru,  by  May  Crommelin  (Bentley  &  Son), 
is  a  specimen  of  a  type  of  book  which  is  now 
familiar  :   a  mixture  of  description  and   gossip 
such  as  pleases  the  taste  of  the  present  day. 
Miss   Crommelin   was   a   guest  at   the   British 
embassy  in  Buenos  Ayres  ;  she  was  taken  to 
see  all  the  sights,  and  was  informed,  among  other 
things,  that  butter  was  made  by  the  easy  pro- 
cess of  putting  milk  into  a  can  and  riding  into 
town  with  it — the  jolting  doing  the  churning. 
Then,  under  the  most  favourable  auspices,  she 
took  the  train  for  six  hundred  miles  across  the 
Pampas  to  Mendoza  ;  thence,  always  under  dis- 
tinguished protection,  she  continued  as  far  as 
the   Trans-Andine   railway   was  laid   in    1894  ; 
crossed  the  Uspallata  Pass  on  a  mule,  sleeping 
one  night  at  Las  Vacas  ;  reached  Juncal,  where 
her  "  room  was  one  of  three  in  a  new  wooden 
building    apart,    kept     sacredly    for     superior 
travellers  ;  our  English  Minister  and  his  wife, 
crossing  lately  from  Chili,  had  occupied  these  "  ; 
and  then  bowled  merrily  down  by  train,  passing 
Santa  Rosa  de  los  Andes,  to  Valparaiso.     Very 
pleasantly  written  are  her  experiences  of   the 
foregoing  and  of  all  that  she  saw  in  Chili,  and 
somewhat  amusing,  as  well  as  illogical,  are  a 
few  of  the  things  that  she  must  have  been  told  ; 
for   instance,   that    "while   the   corruption    of 
morals  among  the  men,  not  excepting  the  priests, 
is  proverbial,  and  said  to  be  even  worse  than 
in  the  Argentine,  never  did  I  hear  a  word  of 
reproach   breathed  against  the  conduct  of   the 
gentle  Chilenas."     The  fact  that  some  of  the 
Chilian    ladies    are    admirers   of    Miss    Crom- 
melin's  numerous  novels  may  possibly  account 
for  this  statement.   After  a  visit  to  Santiago  she 
took  steamer  for  the  north,  furnished  with  letters 
of  introduction  from  "our  Minister  in  Chili  to 
the  chief  British  representatives  in  Peru,"  and 
landed  at  Callao,  the  port  of  Lima,  in  the  grey 
drizzle   of  an   August   morning.      One   of   the 
biennial  revolutions  was   going   on,   and  Miss 
Crommelin  was  thereby  prevented  from  making 
an  excursion  to  the  summit  of  the  Cordillera 
by  the  Oroya  railway  ;    but  she   reproduces  a 
great  deal  of  gossip  about  the  Chilian  invasion 
and  the  fratricidal   strife,  while  she   seems  to 
have   thoroughly   enjoyed    "the    City   of    the 
Kings,"   especially   its    cemetery.     She    gloats 
over  the  "shapeless  horrors  "  surrounding  the 
"  thing  "  which  was  exhibited  in  the  cathedral 
as  the  embalmed  body  of  Pizarro,   remarking, 
"  That   is   all   that   remains  of  the   cruel  con- 
queror's heart  and  brain  "  ;  but  we  may  com- 
fort  her   with   the   assurance   that  there  have 
been  many  corpses  of  Pizarro,   and   a  cynical 
relic-hunter  (still  living)  only  left  off  collecting 
when   he   had   amassed   five  great  toes  of   the 
Conquistador.       The     descriptions     of      Lima 
society,    as    the    author    saw    it,    are    clever, 
and   readers  who   are   not   well   informed   will 
have  their  minds  improved  by  the  rubbing-in 
of  the  fact  that  the  greater  part  of  the  coast  of 
Peru,  although  in  the  tropics,  is  shrouded  for 
several   months   of  the   year  in   a  damp  mist, 
which  takes  the  place  of  rain,  and  exercises  a  de- 
cidedly unpleasant  effect  upon  the  temperature. 
The  book  contains  upwards  of  twenty  illustra- 
tions, most  of  them  good  and  to  the  purpose  ; 
but  we  must  object  to  the  insertion  of  a  plate 
of  Cuzco,  where  Miss  Crommelin  never  was,  and 
to  the  libel  conveyed  on  a  very  ugly  woman  by 
calling  her  a  "  cannibal  from  the  Perene"  region." 
When  nothing  is  known  of  savage  and  hostile 
Indians,  it  is  easy  to  call  them  cannibals ;  but  if 
any  addicted  to  such  diet  exist  in  the  m<»it<u>a 
of   Peru,   which  is  open    to   doubt,  a    delicacy 
like  human  flesh  is  reserved  for  warriors,  even 
the  flesh  of  monkeys  being  denied   to  women 
among  some  of  the  friendly  tribes.   The  Spanish 
is  fairly  correct,  though  with  a  tendency  to  run 


into  Italian  ;  and  the  slang  term  for  a  French- 
man is  not  "gabocho,"  but  gavacho,  an  ugly 
word  likely  to  be  followed  by  a  blow.  On 
the  whole  Miss  Crommelin  has  produced  an 
agreeable  book  of  travel  ;  but  as  regards  her 
advice  to  her  lady  friends  to  "go  and  do  like- 
wise," we  would  suggest  that  the  journey  might 
prove  less  uniformly  pleasant  to  those  who  were 
unprovided  with  similar  credentials. 

M.   Taine's   posthumous   volume,   Caraets  de 
Voyage :    Notes    sur    la    Province,     1863-1865 
(Hachette),    dates    from     an     interesting    and 
happy   period   in    his   life.      After    his    years 
of  solitary   work   when    he  reached   manhood, 
followed  by  his  conflicts  with  the  authorities 
of  the   Second  Empire,  who,  wishing  to  keep 
well  with  the  Church,  worried  him  out  of  the 
professorial  career,  Taine  arrived  at  a  remark- 
able position  during  the  decade  before  the  war, 
and  though  still  young  he  became  the  chief  of  a 
school,   his  principles   of    criticism    and  philo- 
sophical doctrines  exercising  a  strong  influence 
both  on  his  contemporaries  and  the  generation 
which  was  growing  up.     It  was  at  this  epoch, 
after  his  travels  in  England  and  the  appearance 
of  his  '  Histoire  de  la  Litterature  Anglaise, '  that 
he   was  appointed  itinerant   examiner    of  can- 
didates for  the  military  college  of  St.  Cyr — a 
post  which  was  particularly  agreeable  to  him  as 
the  modest  salary  was  for  one  of  his  simple  habits 
a  comfortable  competence,  earned  by  only  three 
months  of  assiduous  official  work,  which,  though 
it  took  him  from  his  literary  labours,  afforded 
him  the  opportunity  of  making  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  provinces.     For  ten  years  he  had 
always  had  in  his  mind  the  idea  of  his  great 
treatise  on  the  'Origins  of  Contemporary  France,' 
which  was  not  quite  completed   when  he  died 
in  1893,  and  these  forced  provincial  journeys 
allowed   him    to   make   a   minute  investigation 
into  the  composition  of  French  society,  depart- 
ment   by  department.      Thus   in   this   volume 
we  find  him  interrogating  his  old  college  friends 
whom  he  found  established  as  country  school- 
masters or  as  functionaries,  and  eliciting  informa- 
tion from  bourgeois,  peasants,  and  artisans.    The 
existence  of  the  rough  notes  was  always  known  by 
his  friends,  as  in  his  correspondence  he  often  ex- 
pressed the  intention  of  founding  upon  them  a 
book  on  the  model  of  his  'Notes  sur  l'Angleterre'; 
but  the  idea  was  never  carried  out,  so  his  family 
came  to  the  good  resolution  of  publishing  them 
just  as  he  left  them  in  his  unrevised  memorandum 
books,  often  written  in  pencil.     The  result  is  a 
little  volume  of  high  interest,  and  Taine  was 
such  a  keen  observer,  such  a  master  of  accurate 
expression,  and  possessed  such  a  rapid  faculty  for 
classification  that  the  book  gives  the  impression 
of  being  a  finished  literary  work  rather  than  a 
collection  of  uncorrected  notes.     He  takes  his 
readers  all  over  France,  from  Brittany,  with  its 
Catholic  peasantry,  to  the  Nord,  with  its  calm 
Flemish  population.     We  have  glimpses  of  the 
modest  prosperity  of  provincial  bourgeoisie,  of  the 
faded  and  penurious  pretension  of  the  noblesse  of 
Poitou  ;    the  blithe  alertness  of  the  Bordelais 
is  contrasted  with  the  more  exuberant  southern 
types  of  Toulouse  and  Marseilles  ;  and  at  Stras- 
bourg one  can  incidentally  see  how  struck  Taine 
was  with  the  German  temperament  in  Alsace,  and 
how  little  effort  was  made  by  the  French  authori- 
ties to  gallicize  the  population.     To  the  student 
and  the  traveller  the  book  is  equally  attractive, 
and  the  family  of  M.  Taine  is  much  to  be  thanked 
for  giving  to  the  world  the  impressions  of  the 
great  philosopher  on  the  people  which  he  knew 
better  than  any  of  his  countrymen,    recorded 
before  his  view  was  saddened  by  the  war,  the 
Commune,  and  the  harsh  conditions  of  the  peace 
of  1871. 


SYRIAC    PHILOLOOT. 

Wb  notice  with  great  pleasure  the  appearance 
of  the  first  fasciculus  of  the  Compendious  Syriac 
Dictionary  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press),  by  Miss 
J.  Payne  Smith    (Mrs.   Margoliouth),  founded 


upon  the  *  Thesaurus  Syriacus  'of  her  father, 
reaching  from  a  (alef  )  to  the  eighth  letter  (cheth). 
The  compiler  is  known  to  have  been  the  right 
hand  of  the  late  Dean  of  Canterbury  in  his 
'Thesaurus,'  which,  happily  left  by  him  nearly 
complete,  is  being  carried  through  the  press 
by  Prof,  and  Mrs.  Margoliouth.  We  can 
only  confirm  the  opinion  expressed  in  the 
Atheruzum  upon  the  specimen  which  came  to 
our  hands.  The  author  is  concise,  clear,  and 
has  well  chosen  the  sentences  in  which 
the  words  are  explained,  which  are  derived 
mostly  from  Biblical  passages.  The  explana- 
tions being  in  English,  this  work  will  cer- 
tainly be  more  handy  to  English  students  than 
Dr.  Brockelmann's,  which  was  brought  out 
somewhat  hurriedly,  and  is,  therefore,  not 
always  clear.  More  will  be  said  of  it  when  it  is 
finished  (we  believe  in  four  fasciculi),  and  the 
preface  will  explain  its  methods. 

The  Rev.  R.  H.  Charles,  after  having  issued 
the  translation  of  the  Book  of  Enoch  from  the 
Ethiopic,  and  his  edition  of  the  Ethiopic  text 
of  the  Book  of  Jubilees,  accompanied  by  a  pro- 
visional  English   version,    now    continues    his 
series   with    the    English    translation    of    The 
Apocalypse  of  Baruch  (Black),  from  the  Syriac. 
The  Greek  translation  and  the  Hebrew  original 
of   it   are  at  present  lost,   except  some    short 
sentences  quoted  in  rabbinical  literature  "  and 
in  a   late  Apocalypse   of   Baruch   recently  dis- 
covered in  Greek  and  in  Slavonic."   "  Happily," 
says  Mr.  Charles  in  his  introduction,  "  the  Syriac 
has  been  preserved  almost  in  its  entirety  in  a 
sixth  century  MS.,  the  discovery  of  which  we 
owe  to  the  distinguished  Italian  scholar  Ceriani," 
who  published  a  Latin  translation  of  it  in  1866r 
and   the   Syriac   text  in   1871  and   1883.     Mr. 
Charles  has  made  his  translation  directly  from 
the  Syriac,   emending  the  text  by  the  under- 
lying Hebrew,   which  the  translator  often  did 
not    rightly   understand,    as    can   be    seen   by 
referring  to  the  notes  to  the  translation.     But 
before  saying  a  word  concerning  the  Hebrew 
which   Mr.    Charles   supposes   to   underlie   the 
text,  we  shall  give  some  account  of  the  preface, 
or  rather  the  introduction.     This  contains  the 
following    sections :    (1)   A    Short    account   of 
the  book  ;   (2)  other  books  of  Baruch  ;  (3)  the 
Syriac   MSS. ;    (4)   previous    literature   on   the- 
Apocalypse  of  Baruch  ;  (5)  the  Syriac — a  trans- 
lation of  the  Greek  ;  (6)  the  Greek — a  translation 
from  a  Hebrew  original.     This  chapter  is  most 
important,    for    it   shows   that   the    original  of 
Baruch  was  Hebrew  and  not  Greek,   as  some 
still  hold.     Mr.  Charles's  arguments  are  the  fol- 
lowing :  (a)  The  quotations  from  the  Old  Testa- 
ment agree  in  all  cases  but  one  with  the  Maso- 
retic  text  and  not  with  the  LXX.     (6)  Hebrew 
idioms   survive   in    the   Syriac    text,      (c)  Un- 
intelligible  expressions   in   the   Syriac   can   be 
explained   and  the  text  restored  by  retransla- 
tion  into  Hebrew,     (d)  Many  paronomasias  dis- 
cover themselves  on  retranslation  into  Hebrew, 
(c)  One  or  two  passages  of  this  book  have  been 
preserved  in  rabbinic  writings.     Mr.   Charles's 
chief    argument   for    his   theory   is   the   many 
paronomasia}  which  must  have  occurred,  as,  for 
instance,  in   xlviii.    35,    "strength   humiliated 

into  contempt  "  (T13  'pX  Til*  ?J7),  and   "  beauty 

will  become  a  scorn  "  (^Q-p  FPPP  S£V).  It  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  the  play  on  the  name  of 
Hezekiah  in  Ecclus.  xlviii.  22,  conjectured  by 
Mr.  Charles  in  support  of  his  retranslation  of 
Baruch  lxiii.  7,  is  confirmed  by  the  newly  dis- 
covered Hebrew  original  of  Eeclesiasticus, 
which  reads,  ptrPCl  3]lBi1  riS  irvptTiV  ntry  *3] 
*^"1  OVIS.  Other  paronomasias  proposed  are 
less  plausible.  It  is,  however,  questionable 
whether  the  writer  of  the  Apocalypse  of  Baruch 
would,  at  a  period  so  late  as  50  a.k.  (the  date 
accepted  by  Mr.  Charles),  have  used  classical 
Hebrew,  while  the  Sentences  of  the  Fathers 
(Pirqe  Aboth)  of  that  time  and  even  earlier  are 
already  tinged  with  rabbinic.  The  rest  of  the 
introduction  will  be  inteicstiii''  even  for  those 


346 


T  11  B     A  T  II  E  \  .!•:  C  M 


X  3620,  &£ah  b  13, 


who  deny  the  main  conclusion  <»f  a   Hebrew 

final,  which,  in  <>nr  opinion,  can  hardly  bo 

questioned.     The  indioee  also  are  carefully  oom* 

(>iloil  and  will   prove  naafoL    Soholare  should 
lad  to  hare  the  critical  Byriao  text  of  the 
Epistle  of   Barucfa  (chap,  Lxxviii.  to  the  end), 

■  •I  "ii  the  authority  01  ten  manuscripts,  many 
of  them  collated  now  tor  the  first  time.  Previous 
editions  were  derived  from  a  single  MS.  In  con- 
clusion, it  may  safely  be  asserted  thai  in  this  book 
Mr.  Oharlee  fully  maintains  his  high  standard 
of  scholarship,  and  every  one  will  bo  glad  to 
know  that  he  continues  to  work  in  the  hold  of 
apocryphal  literature,  in  which  ho  has  already 
made  himself  one  of  the  leading  authorities. 

It  is  but  8  short  time  since  the  Keeper  of  the 
Egyptian  and  Assyrian  Antiquities  in  the  British 
Museum  gave  to  Seinitists  the  Ethiopic  version 
of  the  history  of  Alexander  the  Great,  with 
an  English  translation  and  copious  notes.  Dr. 
Wallis  Budge  now  goes  back  to  his  old  love, 
viz.,  Syriac  literature,  and  has  hit  upon  a 
treatise  as  useful  as  it  is  amusing,  viz.,  the 
collection  of  stories  entitled  The  Laughable 
Stories  (Luzac  &  Co.),  compiled  by  the  famous 
Mar  Gregory  John  Bar-Hebrnsus  about  1313,  to 
which  he  has  added  an  English  translation  and 
notes.  In  the  preface  there  is  a  description 
of  the  MSS.  of  which  the  editor  made  use,  and 
the  life  of  the  compiler  of  the  stories  follows 
in  the  introduction.  The  laughable  stories  are 
ethical  sentences  which  are  attributed  to  philo- 
sophers of  the  various  nations  of  antiquity, 
Greek,  Persian,  Indian,  Hebrew,  Christian, 
Mohammedan,  &c,  in  Syriac  with  an  English 
translation  and  copious  notes,  containing  quota- 
tions from  other  sources.  Dr.  Budge's  book 
will  be  welcome  as  a  handy  reading-book  for 
advanced  students  of  Syriac,  but  in  the  mean 
time  the  stories  will  be  an  addition  to  the  litera- 
ture of  gnomes  and  proverbs,  of  which  so  many 
are  found  in  India,  and  in  Persian,  Hebrew,  and 
Arabic,  although  not  yet  published.  Dr.  Budge 
traces  this  literature  back  to  about  3800  B.C. 
He  says  in  the  preface  : — 

"Lists  of  proverbs  and  moral  and  religious  aphor- 
isms have  been  the  normal  product  of  the  writers 
of  the  East  from  the  time  when  Ka^emna,  who 
flourished  in  the  reign  of  Hani,  King  of  Egypt, 
about  B.C.  3800,  wrote  his  '  Book  of  Instructions'; 
but  the  work  of  Bar-Hebraus  differs  considerably 
from  them  all,  inasmuch  as  the  soundest  and  best 
teaching,  both  as  regards  the  present  and  the  future 
life,  is  successfully  inculcated  by  means  of  a  series 
of  concise  sayings  and  stories  culled  from  some  of 
the  best  literatures  of  the  world." 

We  are  happy  to  say  that  Dr.  Budge's  new 
book  is  well  edited  and  translated  as  far  as  we 
can  judge. 

MILITARY   AND   NAVAL   LITERATURE. 

We  have  received  the  second  volume  of  the 
Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  by  Prof.  W.  M. 
Sloane,  of  Princeton  University,  published  in 
New  York  by  the  Century  Company  and  in 
London  by  Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.,  and  we 
find  it  up  to  the  high  level  which  the  first 
volume  had  inclined  us  to  expect.  At  the  same 
time  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  volume 
covers  a  very  long  period,  and  shows  that  the 
history  is  not  to  be  on  so  extended  a  scale 
as  the  first  volume  had  led  the  reader  to 
anticipate.  The  present  instalment  carries 
him  from  the  Directory  in  1797  to  Auer- 
8tiidt  in  1806,  and  covers,  of  course,  the 
Egyptian  expedition,  the  whole  Consulate,  the 
Peace  of  Amiens,  the  declaration  of  the  Empire, 
Trafalgar,  Austerlitz,  and  Jema.  It  is  magni- 
ficently illustrated,  as  was  the  first  volume, 
although  the  inclusion  of  some  inferior  depic- 
tions of  persons  and  scenes,  and  the  exclusion 
of  some  which  would  have  been  superior,  are 
again  noticeable.  Some  of  the  cuts  from  great  or 
celebrated  pictures  are  unfortunately  bad,  as, 
for  example,  the  reproduction  of  tho  Gerard 
'Josephine,'  which  is  a  caricature  of  tho 
picture— a  picture  which  is  already  well  known 
in  this  country  from  much  better  reproductions. 


itioisms  of  detail,  we  have  that 

it  i-,  difficult  to  understand  whal  ProT  SI 
means  by  saying  thai   the  Beet  which  convoyed 
the  Egyptian  expedition  was  "nearly  the  equal 
of  any  which  Prance  had  ever  launched."     It 
was  not  s  fleet    to  compare  with    the  French 

fleet  which  had  disputed  the  command  of  tho 
seas  with  England  ill  the  eighteenth  century, 
nor,  relatively,  to  compare  with  tho  French 
Meet  of  the  time  of  Charles  II.  The  domestic 
life  of  Bonaparte  is  not  much  touched  upon  in 
the  present  volume,  which  is,  if  a  fault,  perhaps 
a  fault  on  the  right  side  in  a  day  the  Napoleonic 
literature  of  which  has  been  over  full  on  the 
personal  side  and  too  little  concerned  with 
historical  matter  of  more  real  moment.  On  the 
question  of  the  invasion  of  England  the  author 
pronounces  a  confident  opinion  that  Napoleon 
was  perfectly  aware  that  the  command  of  the 
sea  was  outside  his  reach.  We  confess  to  the 
belief  that  there  is  no  proof  that  this  is  so,  and 
that,  while  Napoleon  often  made  the  statement, 
his  actions  do  not  seem  to  have  pointed  con- 
clusively in  either  the  one  or  the  other  direction. 
We  are  inclined  to  doubt  whether  he  even 
thoroughly  realized  what  the  command  of  the 
sea  meant. 

We  so  often  have  to  deal  with  incompetent 
translation  and  misleading  notes  when  French 
memoirs  are  in  question  that  it  is  a  pleasure  to 
welcome  the  Memoirs  of  Baron  Lejeune,  aide- 
de-camp  to  Berthier,  translated  into  English 
and  edited  by  Mrs.  Arthur  Bell,  and  published 
in  two  volumes  by  Messrs.  Longman.  There 
is  an  excellent  introduction  by  General  Maurice, 
and  the  military  notes  are  done  with  so  much 
care  that  we  are  inclined  to  think  that,  although 
they  are  signed  "Trans.,"  General  Maurice 
must  have  had  a  hand  in  them.  We  do  not 
consider  Lejeune  interesting,  but  his  memoirs 
are  more  valuable  memoirs,  and  far  more  trust- 
worthy, than  many  of  those  with  which  the 
public  has  lately  been  regaled. 

M.  Leon  Chailloy,  of  Paris,  publishes,  under 
the  general  title  of  Les  Guerres  de  la  Revolution, 
an  eleventh  part,  Hondschoote.  The  operations 
of  the  French  Army  of  the  North,  which  are 
described  in  it,  are  not  of  much  historical 
interest,  and  they  are  hardly  told  in  a  style 
which  will  make  them  valuable  to  soldiers. 

M.  Calmann  LeVy  publishes  Guerre  et  Marine, 
a  reprint  of  some  articles  which  have  lately 
appeared  in  the  Revue  de  Paris  and  other  French 
magazines  on  the  naval  power  of  England,  the 
proposed  French  colonial  army,  the  battle  of 
the  Yalu,  the  strategy  connected  with  the  Kiel 
Canal,  and  the  expedition  to  Madagascar.  The 
article  on  the  naval  power  of  England  is  chiefly 
made  out  of  British  authorities,  and  does  not 
contain  any  original  French  view  of  our  situa- 
tion. It  is  said  of  our  reserve,  "They  never 
can  be  sure  of  getting  them  ";  and  of  our  lieu- 
tenants, "They  are  800  short  at  least";  while 
of  our  mobilization  it  is  asserted  that  it  is 
"buoying"  ourselves  "up  with  false  hopes  "  to 
suppose  that  the  ships  which  we  are  told  will 
be  ready  in  either  twenty-four  or  forty-eight 
hours  will  be  ready  in  anything  like  the  time, 
and  our  annual  manoeuvres  are  pressed  into  the 
service  to  prove  the  case. 

An  Drapeau  !  (Hachette),  by  M.  Maurice  Loir, 
is  a  selection  from  the  memoirs  of  numerous 
generals  and  the  writings  of  various  authors 
detailing  incidents  in  the  history  of  the  colours 
of  the  French  army  and  the  capture  of  the  flags 
of  their  opponents  from  1703  to  189fi.  The 
tendency,  as  in  similar  English  volumes,  is  to 
encourage  chauvinism.  The  illustrations  are 
first  rate  ;  some  of  them,  indeed,  are  really 
admirable.  —  A  work  of  more  intrinsic  value 
which  Messrs.  Hachette  have  sent  us  is  an 
excellent  life  of  Vauban  by  M.  Georges  Michel. 
A  better  biography  of  a  great  soldier  for  popular 
reading  we  have  not  seen,  and  the  cuts  are 
excellent.  This  handsome  volume,  bound  in 
I  cloth,  costs  only  four  francs. 


OUB  LIBRARY  TABLE. 
Mi  I  do.  pub] 

itneid,    by    Mr.     Michael     Macdonagh,    a 
mid   and    generally  accurate  aa 

the  House  of  Commons  and  the  House  of 
Lords  and  their  manners  and   customs.      l 

book  is  thoroughly  readable,  and   OU 

a  success  with  tin,-  general  public.  me- 

what  wonder   to   find    the   Queen's    -  of 

recent   y<  ribed   to   .Mr.   Gladstone   and 

Lord  Salisbury,  called  "graphic,  terse,  and 
forcible."  The  Queen's  Speeches  of  Lord 
Beaconslield  are  said  to  bo  "ornate  in  style"; 
but  tho  first  of  two  examples  given  is  not,  we 
believe,  to  bo  found  in  such  a  document,  and  is 
taken  from  a  speech  of  Mr.  Disraeli  delivered 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  and  not  put  into  the 
mouth  of  Her  Majesty  tho  Queen. 

Those  who  are  interested  in  the  Jameson 
raid  have  long  since  read  the  writings  on  the 
subject  of  Mr.  E.  Garrett,  the  editor  of  the 
Cape  Times,  which  have  appeared  in  South 
Africa.  Messrs.  Archibald  Constable  &  Co. 
now  publish  The  Story  of  an  African  Crisis,  by 
Mr.  E.  Garrett  and* Mr.  E.  J.  Edwards,  his 
assistant  editor  and  special  correspondent.  The 
book  as  reprinted  here  is,  in  fact,  the  Christinas 
number  of  the  Cape  Times,  with  the  addition  of 
some  new  matter.  The  introduction,  by  Mr. 
Garrett,  has  reference  to  the  inquiry  by  a  Com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons  now  pendi: 
It  attacks  the  officers  who  were  put  in  prison, 
and  especially  Sir  John  Willoughby,  and  declares 
that  "  the  '  cowards  '  held  their  tongues  and  took 
their  beating :  it  was  the  '  heroes '  who  peached ! " 
It  is  stated  that  Sir  John  Willoughby  and  his 
friends  tried  to  shelter  themselves  behind  Mr. 
Chamberlain.  When  the  War  Office  were  intend- 
ing to  take  away  the  commissions  of  Sir  John 
Willoughby  and  his  friends  they  were  confronted 
by  "this  plea  ":— 

"What  Lord  Lansdowne    did   was    simple    and 

obvious To  Mr.  Chamberlain   the  whole    story 

traced  back  :   to  Mr.  Chamberlain  he  referred  it. 

Lord  Lansdowne  communicated  with  him,  told 

him  the  story,  and  asked  plainly  whether  there  was 
anything  in  it.  Mr.  Chamberlain  replied  by  tele- 
gram, with  equal  plainness,  that  there  was  abso- 
lutely nothing  in  it  whatever One  zealous  lawyer 

carried  on  a  correspondence  with  Mr.  Chamberlain 
which  almost  took  on  a  tone  of  threatening.  Mr. 
Chamberlain  is  a  bad  man  to  bully,  and  he  broke 
the  correspondence  off  after  what  he  indignantly 
described  as  a  'blackmailing  letter.' " 

M.  Calmann  Levy  publishes  La  Veritable 
Histoire  de  '  Elle  et  Lux,'  by  the  Vicomte  de 
Spoelberch  de  Lovenjoul.  We  believe  that  the 
public  is  a  little  tired  of  (certainly  the  British 
public  is  long  since  disgusted  at)  the  perpetual 
revival  of  the  never-ending  controversy  over  the 
unedifying  connexion  between  Alfred  de  Musset 
and  George  Sand.  Those  who  can  still  feel  any 
interest  in  the  question  have  already  read  what 
has  appeared  in  Cvsmopolis,  in  the  Revue  de 
Paris,  and  in  the  Figaro,  and  this  volume  gives 
us  virtually  nothing  else.  The  particular  cir- 
cumstances under  which  George  Sand  deceived 
Musset  with  the  young  Italian  doctor,  who 
has  lived  to  write  in  our  time  his  own  account 
of  the  matter,  may  now,  we  hope,  be  allowed  to 
rest  in  oblivion. 

The  Official  Year-Book  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land (S.P.C.K.)  of  course  contains  a  great 
mass  of  facts  and  figures,  but  Mr.  Burnside  still 
persists  in  encumbering  his  pages  with  matters 
serwtoiM  propriora — properer  for  a  sermon.  He 
should  avoid  hortatory  phrases,  and  try  to  give 
his  information  in  a  succinct  form  and  in  natural 
language.  There  are  a  few  mistakes  under  the 
head  of  "University  Settlements."  No  men- 
tion is  made  of  the  recent  change  of  Trinity 
Court,  and  by  some  oversight  it  is  implied  on 
p.  51  that  the  new  church  of  St.  Frideswide 
cost  700L  In  tho  summaries  on  p.  xxiii  we 
see  it  stated  that  between  1875  and  1S85 
643,21UL  were  expended  upon  the  fabrics  of 
cathedrals.     It  would  be  within  the  mark  to  say 


N°  3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


347 


that  500,000L  of  this  large  sum  was  misspent, 
wasted  by  ill-informed  deans  and  canons  in 
destroying  the  buildings  they  ought  to  preserve, 
and  benefiting  only  Mr.  Five-per-Cent.  The 
half  million  thus  squandered  might  have  been 
usefully  employed  in  raising  the  narrow  incomes 
of  the  parochial  clergy.  This  is  a  good  annual, 
but  a  practical  editor  would  have  reduced  it  by 
some  fifty  pages  with  much  advantage.— The 
Annual  Charities  Register  and  Digest  (Long- 
mans) was  formerly  issued  once  in  four  years, 
but  has  become  a  yearly  publication.  Mr.  Loch's 
introduction,  filling  180  pages,  is  somewhat  too 
lengthy,  and  overweights  the  book.  The  rest 
of  the  volume  is  fairly  concise. 

The  first  number  of  The  Encyclopcedia  of 
Sport  (Lawrence  &  Bullen)  is  extremely  pro- 
mising. The  illustrations  are  excellent,  and 
the  articles  on  "  Athletics  "  are  written  by  dis- 
tinguished authorities  on  the  various  branches 
included.  "  Angling  "  and  "  Archery  "  are  also 
treated  with  fulness. 

The  new  volumes  of  the  imposing  edition  of 
Mr.  Meredith's  novels  which  Messrs.  Constable 
are  issuing  contain  Vittoria,  which  first  made  its 
appearance  in  the  Fortnightly  Review  under  the 
auspices  of  G.  H.  Lewes.  As  we  said  when  it 
appeared  in  three  volumes  in  1867,  it  "  evinces 
knowledge  on  the  part  of  the  author  of  Italian 
life  as  well  as  of  Italian  revolutionary  politics." 
Indeed,  in  truth  of  atmosphere  no  story  of 
modern  Italy,  except  '  La  Chartreuse  de  Panne,' 
can  compare  with  it,  and  it  has  the  advantage  of 
dealing  with  a  nobler  period. 

We  have  on  our  table  Moab,  Amman,  and 
Gilead,  by  Algernon  Heber-Percy  (Simpkin), — 
English  Essays,  with  an  Introduction  by  J.  H. 
Lobban  (Blackie), — Poems,  by  Matthew  Arnold, 
edited  by  G.  C.  Macaulay  (Macmillan), — Stipple- 
ment  to  Hamlet,  Questions  and  Notes,  by  S. 
Wood  (J.  Hey  wood), — Shakespeare's  Heroes  on 
the  Stage,  by  C.  E.  L.  Wingate  (Gay  &  Bird),— 
Reminiscences  of  Walt  Whitman,  by  W.  S. 
Kennedy  (Gardner),—  New  Thoughts  on  Current 
Subjects,  by  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Dewe  (Stock),—  Life 
Assurance  Explained,  by  W.  Schooling  (Cassell), 
— Photography  Annual,  by  H.  Sturmey  (Iliffe  & 
Son),  —  Journal  and  Proceedings  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  New  South  Wales,  Vol.  XXIX. 
(Robertson), — History  of  Oratory  and  Orators, 
by  H.  Hardwicke  (Putnam), — A  Stormy  Past, 
by  May  St.  Claire  (Digby  &  Long),  —  Very 
Funny  Stories  told  in  Rhyme  (S. S.U.J, — Half- 
Holidays  at  the  Zoo,  by  C.  Morley  and  H. 
Friederichs  (Routledge), — and  Stormy  Days,  by 
L.  Burdett  (C.E.T.S.). 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 
ENGLISH. 

Theology, 

Bread  from  the  Holy  Place,  Words  of  Testimony  and 
Counsel,  compiled  by  M.  A.  Coleby,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

Cambridge  Greek  Testament :  Philippians,  with  Introduc- 
tion and  Notes  by  H.  0.  G.  Moule,  12mo.  2/6  cl. 

Pigott's  (Rev.  B.  H.)  The  Martyr  Crown,  or  the  Seed  of  the 
Church,  illustrated,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 

Stott's  (G.)  Twenty-six  Years  of  Missionary  Work  in  China, 
cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Thomas's  (Kev.  J.)  The  Ideal  City,  the  Crowning  Vision  of 
Patmos,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Watson's  (J.)  Christianity  and  Idealism,  cr.  8vo.  5/  net,  cl. 

Fine  Art. 
Brown's  (C.)  The  Horse  in  Art  and  Nature,  Part  4,  4to.  2/6 
Heat  oil's  (A.)  Beauty  and  Art,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
White's  (G.)  English  Illustration,  "  The  Sixties,"  1855-1870, 
illustrated,  imp.  8vo.  42/  net,  cl. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Dawson's  (E.)  The    Pierrot   of    the    Minute,  a    Dramatic 

Phantasy  in  One  Act,  4to.  7/6  net,  cl. 
Symons's  (A.)  Amoris  Victima,  cr.  8vo.  6/  net,  cl. 

History  and  Biography . 
Brigbt's  (Rev.  J.   F.)  Maria  Theresa  ;   Joseph  II.,  cr.  8vo. 

2  >S  each,  cl.     (Foreign  Statesmen.) 
Carlyle's   Works,   Centenary    Edition:    Cromwell's    Letters 

and  Speeches,  Vol.  1,  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Chesney's  (Major  A.  G.)  Historical  Records  of  the  Maltese 

Corps  of  the  Hrilish  Army,  8vo.  25/  net,  cl. 
Innes's  (Lleut.-General    M.)  The  Sepoy  Revolt,  a  Critical 
Narrative,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Smith's  (A.  D.)  Through  Unknown  African  Countries,  illus- 
trated, royal  bvo.  2\l  net,  cl. 

Philology. 
Boissier's  (G.)  Cicero  and  his  Friends,  translated  by  A.  D. 
Jones,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 


Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales  :  The  Prologue  and  The  Man  of 

Law's  Tale,  edited  by  A.  J.  Wyatt,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
MacCauley's  (C.)  An  Introductory  Course  in  Japanese,  10/6 
Semitic  Studies  in  Memory  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  Kohut,  edited  by 

G.  A.  Kohut,  Portraits  and  Memoir,  royal  8vo.  24/  cl. 

Science. 

Crapper's  (E.  H.)  Practical  Electrical  Measurements,  2/6  cl. 

Wilson's  (W.)  Investigations  into  Applied  Nature,  2/  net,  cl. 

General  Literature. 
Adye's  (F.)  The  Queen  of  the  Moor,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Anstey's  (F.)  Puppets  at  Large,  Scenes  and  Subjects  from 

Mr.  Punch's  Show,  illustrated,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Besant's  (W.)  Beyond  the  Dreams  of  Avarice,  12mo.  2/  bds. 
Bruce's  (C.)  All  in  All,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Burdett's  Official  Intelligence,  1897,  4to.  50/  half  bound. 
Cobban's  (J.  M.)  Wilt  Thou  have  this  Woman  ?  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
Cooper's  (E.  H.)  Mr.  Blake  of  Newmarket,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Crockett's  (S.  R.)  Lad's  Love,  illustrated,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Cuthell's  (E.  E.)  Sweet  Irish  Eyes,  a  Novel,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Directory  of  Directors,  1897,  cr.  8vo.  15/  cl. 
Foreign  Office  List,  1897,  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Gerard's  (D.)  A  Spotless  Reputation,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Hardy's  (T.)  The  Well-Beloved,  a  Sketch  of  a  Treatment, 

cr.  8vo.  6/  cl.    (Wessex  Novels. ) 
Hichens's  (R.)  Flames,  a  London  Phantasy,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Holland's  (C.)  A  Writer  of  Fiction,  12mo.  2/6  cl. 
Hungerford's  (Mrs.)  Lovice,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Kenyon's  (E.  C.)  The  Squire  of  Lonsdale,  illus.  cr.  8vo.  3/6 
Le  Clerc's  (M.  E.)  Sworn  Allies,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Mackie's  (J.)  They  that  Sit  in  Darkness,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Pain's  (A.)  St.  Eva,  cr.  8vo.  6/ cl. 

Penderel's  (R.)  As  a  Roaring  Lion,  a  Romance,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Pickering's  (S.)  Margot,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Raffalovich's  (A.)  Self-Seekers,  a  Novel  of  Manners,  4/  net. 
Sale  Prices  of  1896  :  Sales  by  Auction  of  Objects  of  Artistic 

and  Antiquarian  Interest,  Vol.  1,  8vo.  27/ net,  cl. 
Wood's  (Mrs.  H.)  The  Story  of  Charles  Strange,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 

DUnner:    Glossen  zum  babylonischen  u.  jerusalemischen 

Talmud,  Part  2,  4m. 
Koenigsberger  (B.) :  Hiobstudien,  2m. 
Renesse  (E.  v.) :  Die  Lehre  der  zwdlf  Apostel,  5m. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 
Kaufmann  (C.  M.) :  Die  Jenseitshoffnungen  der  Griechen 

u.  Romer  nach  den  Sepulcralinschriften.  2m. 
Malatier  (L.)  et  Salles  (A.):  Au  Pays  d'Hamlet,  Instantan6s 

Scandinaves,  35fr. 
Wachsmuth(C):  Neue  Beitriige  zur  Topographie  v.Athen, 
3m. 

Poetry. 
Jacob  (G.) :  Studien  in  arabischen  Dichtern  :  Part  4,  Altara- 
bische  Parallelen  zum  Alten  Testament,  lm. 
Philosophy . 
Joseph (M.) :  Die psychologische Grundanschauung Schopen- 
hauer's, 3m.  60. 

History  and  Biography. 
Ingold  (A.  P.):  Bossuet  et  le  Jansenisme,  5fr. 
Laborie  (L.  de  L.  de) :  Memorial  de  J.  de  Norvins,  Vol.  3, 

7fr.  50. 
Marquart   (J.):    Fundamente    israelitischer    u.    jiidischer 

Geschichte,  3m. 
Pierling  (Le  P.) :  La  Russie  et  le  Saint-Siege,  Etudes  Diplo- 

matiques,  II..  7fr.  50. 
Strack  (M.  L.):  Die  Dynastie  der  Ptolemaer,  7m. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Curtius  (E.)  u.  Kaupert  (J.  A.) :  Karten  v.  Attika,  Part  9, 
6m.  40. 

Philology. 

Pischel  (R.)  u.  Geldner  (K.  F.) :  Vedische  Studien,  Vol.  2, 

Part  2,  4m.  50. 

Science. 
Neumann  (B.) :   Theorie  u.  Praxis   der  analytischen  Elek- 

trolyse  der  Metalle,  7m. 

General  Literature. 
Annuaire  de  la  Marine  pour  1897,  7fr. 
Beaume  (G.) :  La  Rue  Saint  Jean  et  le  Moulin,  3fr.  50. 
Blaize  (J.)  :  Saison  Divine,  3fr.  50. 
Fort  (P.)  :  Ballades  Francaises  en  Prose,  3fr.  50. 
Lebey  (A.) :  Les  Premieres  Luttes,  3fr.  50. 
Pacheu  (J.)  :  De  Dante  a  Verlaine,  3fr.  50. 
Paris  (G.)  :  L'Anneau  de  la  Morte,  2fr. 
Rachilde :  Les  Hors  Nature,  3fr.  50. 
Simon  (J.) :  Derniers  Memoires  des  Autres,  3fr.  50. 


PARABLES  CONCERNING  ILYAS  THE  PROPHET. 

NO.  2.* 

THE   SLAVE   GIRL'S  PROGRESS  TO   PARADISE. 

Although  the  Koran  refers  three  times  to  the  wives  of 
the  just  accompanying  them  into  Paradise  (Sura  xiii.  36-42), 
and  although  there  is  a  tradition  of  a  Paradise  apart  from 
the  men  reserved  for  the  few  good  women  whom  Mohammed 
did  not  see  in  his  vision  of  perdition,  the  popular  notion  in 
some  Mohammedan  countries  is  that  women  have  no  souls 
to  be  either  blessed  or  damned. 

[Beneath  the  cypress  overhanging  her  lover's  tomb  the 
slave  girl  lies  stretched  on  the  stone.  In  the  shadow 
thrown  by  the  tree  arc  seen  the  "  wide  black  eves  "  and 
the  sombre  wings  of  Azraeel,  the  Angel  of  Death.] 

TIIK   SLAVE   GIRL. 
Angel  of  Death  !    Hearken  in  yonder  wood 

How    turtle    and    nightingale    are     murmuring 
"1'ity"; 
"Pity,"  yon  slave-girls  moan  who  brought  me  food 
And  milk  and  shawls,  to  soothe  my  solitude  : 
See  how  they  weep,  returning  to  the  city. 


[Ilyas  the  Prophet,  who  is  passing  the  tomb, 
stops  to  listen  ] 

ILYAS. 

What  sorrow,  child,  hath  made  thee  fain  to  die  ? 
THE   SLAVE   GIRL. 
I  would  not  die :  this  frame  of  mine  remembers 
Each  touch  of  his  which  gave  it  sanctity, 
Flickering  within  the  body's  memory, 
As    come    and    go    the    sparks    in    slumbering 
embers. 

Save  me  from  Azraeel — him  whose  sword  divides 

Love's  dearest  bonds  —  whose  malice  struck  to 

sever 

My  life  from  one  who  loves  me,  though  he  bides 

Where  never  slave  girl  stood,  with  houri  brides. 

I  would  not  die,  but  live  and  weep  for  ever. 

ILYAS  TO   AZRAEEL. 

Yea,  Love  is  strong !    This  child  would  spend  her 
days 

Here  on  this  tomb  with  cypress  boughs  for  cover, 
While  travellers  whisper  as  they  stop  and  gaze 
Across  the  graveyard,  "  See  how  love  can  craze  1 

She  lives  upon  the  tomb  where  sleeps  her  lover." 

THE   SLAVE   GIRL. 
Death  knows  I  have  no  soul,  and  never  more 
Those  lips  shall  touch  the  widowed  lips  that 
quiver 
With  memories  of  the  light  which  once  they  wore. 
Death  knows  I  have  no  soul  with  wings  to  soar 
To  one  who  stands  beside  the  Holy  river. 

[A  spirit  resembling  the  slave  girl  herself  in  form  and 
feature,  but  winged  like  a  Peri,  descends  from  the  sun- 
set clouds,  leaving  an  iridescent  track  behind  it.] 

ILYAS  TO  AZRAEEL. 
Lo,  Allah  sends  a  vision  down  the  air 
That  leaves  a  rainbow  track  o'er  thy  dominions 

THE   SLAVE   GIRL. 
What  shape  is  that  which  treads  the  Peris'  stair  ? 
It  stands  beside  me  now  with  shining  hair, 
I  breathe  the  musk  of  Aidenn  from  its  pinions. 

ILYAS. 

No  soulless  Peri  this  whose  eyes  illume 

With  mirror'd  radiance  of  celestial  glory 
The  cypress  branches  round  thy  lover's  tomb, 
And  flush  the  wings  of  Death  with  such  a  bloom 
That  Evening's  rosy  brow  seems  wan  and  hoary. 

THE  SLAVE   GIRL  TO   THE   VISION. 
Spirit  whose  tears  are  falling  on  the  stone, 

Doth  sorrow  stamp  an  angel's  forehead  human  1 
Thou  speakest  not,  but  as  a  sight  half  known, 
Within  a  dream,  thy  face  seems  like  mine  own, 
And    eyes    that  weep  must   needs    be    kin    to 
woman. 

AZRAEEL. 

Thy  lover  waiteth  by  the  Holy  Lote. 

THE  SLAVE   GIRL. 
With  houris  ? 

AZRAEEL. 
Nay,  he  loveth  still  a  maiden. 

THE   SLAVE   GIRL. 

That  maiden  hath  no  soul  to  ford  the  moat. 

ILYAS. 

Thou  'rt  loved  of  Allah  ! 

THE   SLAVE   GIRL. 

Yet  his  servant  smote 
Him  whom  the  houris  dare  not  clasp  in  Aidenn. 

[The  spirit  stoops  and  kisses  the  slave  girl's  forehead.} 
ILYAS. 

I  think  the  spirit's  kiss  upon  thy  brow 

Seals  Allah's  promise  of  a  blissful  morrow. 

THE  SLAVE   GIRL  TO  THE   VISION. 
Morrow  for  me  1     Speak,  spirit,  who  art  thou  ? 

ILYAS. 
'Tis  thine  own  soul— the  spirit  with  thee  now 
Is  thine  own  soul  new-lit  by  love  and  sorrow. 
Theodore  Watts-Dunton. 


*  For   Parable    No. 
March  12th,  1881. 


1    seo    Athcnrtum,   No.   2iS.\   p.   364, 


CROMWELL'S   SPEECHES. 

I  snoi'LD  like  to  suggest  that  if  Sir  Reginald 
Palgrave's  idea  of  a  new  edition  of  Cromwell's 
speeches  is  carried  out,  the  editor  should  not 
content  himself  with  searching  amODgBt  English 
manuscripts.  There  are  many  speeches  and 
conversations  in  the  reports  of  tho  Dutch 
ambassadors  printed  in  the  seventh  volume  of 


348 


T  II  K     AT  II  KN\K  D  M 


N  3620,  Mm;<  b  13.  '97 


Do  Witt's  'Briefer,1  Mid  ■  not!  important 
suppressed    |  pooch    to 

the  Bret  Protectorate  Parliament  ii  only  known 
bom  i  mention  of  it  in  one  of  Bordeaux'! 
deepetohi  Saanru  K.  Qabddikb, 


LORD  BROUGHAM   OH   UTBRAJU  AGENTS. 
Qwrlok  Olob,  Tabraarj,  1897. 
Thk  intermediariei  which  stand  between  tho 
author  ami  the  reader  ere  subjects  of  frequent 
discussion.     The  first  Lord  Brougham  may  ho 

quoted  as  Ui  instance  of  an  early  view  of  these 
questions,  and  I  know  of  no  other  place  in  his 
writings  where  ho  expresses  the  same  opinions 
as  those  quoted  below.  Speaking  of  Gottingen 
and  its  literary  life  a  few  years  before  tho  out- 
break of  the  French  Revolution,  Lord  Brougham 
says  :  — 

"  One  of  the  first  things  that  struck  me  in  their 
literary  condition  with  which  my  avocations 
naturally  brought  me  most  acquainted  [tie]  was  the 
mechanical  state  into  which  authorship  was  come, 
and  the  recklessness  with  which  authors  would 
undertake  works A  middleman  between  the  pub- 
lisher and  author,  like  a  regrater  between  the  hop- 
grower  and  the  hop-merchant  or  the  brewer,  a 
rerlagcr  they  call  him,  would  come  round  to  make 
bargains,  buying  up  the  MS.  which  was  ready 
written,  or  else  setting  authors  to  write.  Those  who 
wanted  a  vent  for  their  written  works  or  sought 
employment  and  could  not  wait  till  applied  to,  being 
unemployed,  would  go  to  some  verlager  and  make 
their  bargains.  When  an  offer  was  made  to  an 
author  by  the  vet-lager,  he  only  seemed  to  regard 
the  terms  allowed  and  the  money  to  be  paid  for  his 
work,  never  to  consider  whether  he  could  well  do  it 
or  not ;  while  the  verlager,  on  his  part,  though  he 
would  try  to  find  persons  capable  of  doing  the  work 
he  wanted,  yet  continually  made  mistakes  ;  and 
when  there  was  a  demand  for  a  particular  book, 
would  not  be  very  nice  as  to  the  qualifications  of  the 
writer  be  engaged  with,  knowing  that  if  he  got  it 
less  well  done  he  paid  the  less  for  it.  I  have  re- 
peatedly seen  men  undertake  in  this  way  to  write, 
let  me  rather  say  to  make  books,  on  subjects  they 
knew  hardly  anything  of." 

'  Albert  Lunel '  was  finished  by  the  late  Lord 
Brougham  about  the  year  1844.  I  quote  from 
an  edition  printed  in  London  in  1872,  in  three 
rolumes.  The  only  other  edition  (3  vols. 
12mo.,  1844,  London)  was  suppressed  before 
publication,  and  a  few  copies  only  were  given 
to  friends.  It  is  not  a  clever  novel,  though 
in  places  it  is  interesting  ;  it  is  romantic, 
clumsily  constructed,  and  often  carelessly 
written.  Characters  well  known  to  the  author 
are  described  in  it,  and  one  of  the  ladies  of  the 
story  is  so  graphically  depicted  that  she  would 
not  wish  to  be  identified.  Lord  Brougham 
probably  gives  an  account  of  himself  and 
his  opinions  as  "The  Baron."  His  views 
on  publishing  quoted  above  are  probably 
those  which  he  held  about  the  date  of 
the  composition  in  question.  The  old  edition 
of  the  book  is,  of  course,  very  rare,  and  the 
reprint  is  not  often  met  with  ;  consequently  it 
may  not  be  out  of  place  to  quote  from  it. 

A.  B.  Bence-Jones. 


'ENGLISH  SCHOOLS  AT  THE  REFORMATION.' 
Mr.  Leach  writes  regarding  our  review  of  his 
book  : — 

"So  long  as  he  confines  himself  to  such  gene- 
ralities as  '  The  depth  of  Mr.  Leach's  historic  insight 
maybe  measured  by  a  passage'  in  which  I  have 
described  the  ascetic  outburst  of  the  tenth  and 
•eleventh  centuries  as  of  the  same  kind  as  that  of  the 
Indian  fakir,  the  reviewer  is  on  safe  ground.  He 
knows,  as  well  as  I  know,  that  the  remark  has 
nothing  to  do  with  historic  insight  (whatever  that 
may  mean),  but  with  the  ethico-religious  point  of 
view  which  is  taken  of  asceticism  in  general.  But 
when  he  condescends  to  particulars  he  cuts  a  sorry 
figure. 

"1.  As  to  my  speaking  of  the  boys  at  Ipswich 
School  proceeding  to  '  Donatus,  Valla,  and  other 
ancient  Latin  writers.'  the  attempt  to  impute  error 
misses  fire.  The  words  are  only  a  shortened  transla- 
tion of  the  statutes  of  Ipswich  School,  'ad  figuras 
a  Donato  prsesoriptas,  ad  Valla;  elegantias.  et  ad 
linguae  Latimv  quoslibet  veteres  auctores.'  If  your 
reviewer  is  displeased  because  Wolsey  chose  to  mix 
the  ancient  Donatus  and  others  with  the  mediaeval 


Vails,  bs  mu-t  bars  that  oat  with  Cardinal  v. 
not  with  me, 
"2.  Next  oomes a  serious  matter.    Fourrei 

says  :  '  It  Is,  perhaps,  not  his  [t.r.,  my  J  own  inven- 
tion that  secular  canons  were  "ordinary  olerj 

who,  like  tin?  oanooi  of  our  cathedrals  now,  married 
and  |»ts  in  marriage."  we  do  not  know  i,v  whet 
law  these  persons  were  exempted  bom  the  canons 
which  attempted  to  snforos  saeerdotal  oelibaor.' 

"Why  does  the  unhappy  man  rush  upon  his  fate 
like  that/  'Invention'  u  not  a  nice  word  to  use 
unless  it  can  be  completely  justified,  In  this  case 
there  is  not  a  tittle  of  justification.  The  reviewer 
is  quite  right  in  thinking  that  tho  historic  faot  in 
question  is  not  my  invention.  So  far  as  the  know- 
ledge of  it  can  be  credited  to  any  individual,  it  is 
tho  invention,  in  the  sense  of  discovery,  of  Bishop 
Stubbs.  But  the  innuendo  is  a  wanton  one.  At  p.  12 
of  the  book  he  was  reviewing  the  reader  is  referred 
to  a  book  of  mine,  'Visitations  and  Memorials  of 
Southwell  Minster,'  Camden  Society,  1891.  There 
he  would  have  found  a  fact  or  two  bearing  on  the 
point,  and  a  reference  to  the  locvs  clatsicvs  on  the 
matter  in  Bishop  Stubbs's  '  Inventio  Crucis  '  or 
'  Foundation  of  Walt  ham  Abbey.'  This  was  origin- 
ally a  college  of  secular  canons  of  Harold's  founda- 
tion, where  son  succeeded  father  as  schoolmaster 
and  chief  officer  of  the  church  down  to  the  reign  of 
Henry  I. 

"  But  has  the  reviewer  never  seen  the  long  list  of 
married  and  hereditary  priests  of  Hexham  from  the 
tenth  to  the  twelfth  century,  or  the  account  of  the 
expulsion  of  the  secular  canons  from  Winchester  by 
Bishop  Ethelwold  because  they  would  not  give  up 
their  wives  ?  Has  he  never  heard  how  Canon  Green- 
well  dug  up  in  the  Close  at  Durham  masses  of  the 
bones  of  the  married  canons  who  preceded  the 
monks  there,  of  their  wives  and  children  ?  Has  it 
never  reached  him,  even  through  the  'Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica,'  that  the  celibacy  of  the  clergy  was 
not  attempted  to  be  enforced  in  England  until  after 
the  Conquest,  and  was  not  effectively  enforced  until 
the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century  ? 

"  3.  Another  innuendo.  '  "We  do  not  know  on  what 
authority  Fox  is  called  head  master  of  Stratford-on- 
Avon  Grammar  School.'  Well,  I  do.  It  is  a  con- 
temporary record  of  the  governing  body  of  the 
school,  which  shows  him  schoolmaster  in  1476^-7,  and 
shows  that  he  was  no  longer  schoolmaster  in  1483, 
about  which  time  we  kuow  that  he  was  with  Henry 
of  Richmond  abroad." 

1.  It  was,  of  course,  notour  intention  to  deny 
that  Valla  was  read  in  schools.  We  objected 
to  the  use  of  the  word  other,  and  our  objection 
is  not  removed  by  the  quotation  from  the 
Ipswich  statutes,  which  shows  clearly  enough 
that  the  mistake  is  of  Mr.  Leach's  invention. 

2.  We  reasonably  took  exception  to  Mr. 
Leach's  definition  of  secular  canons,  because  it 
is  inapplicable  to  the  whole  of  the  period  during 
which  the  canons  on  the  question  of  sacerdotal 
celibacy  were  accepted  or  enforced. 

3.  We  are  glad  that  Mr.  Leach  has  adduced 
authority  for  this  statement,  as  it  is  important 
new  material  for  the  biography  of  Fox's  early 
years. 


'THE  SACRED    TREE.' 

March  9, 1S97. 
May  I  ask  you  to  insert  a  few  lines  in  reply 
to  Mr.  FarneU's  letter  in  your  last  issue  J  Mr. 
Farnell,  commenting  on  your  review  of  '  The 
Sacred  Tree,'  objects  to  my  statement  that  in 
bis  opinion  "  the  chief  gods  of  the  Greeks  were 
in  their  origin  deities  of  vegetation."  Mr. 
FarneU's  invaluable  treatise  did  not  come  into 
my  hands  until  my  MS.  was  ready  for  the  press, 
and  I  am  free  to  admit  that  the  conclusion 
quoted  may  have  been  too  absolute.  But  that 
it  was  not  altogether  without  justification  the 
following  brief  extracts  from  'The  Cults  of 
the  Greek  States  '  will  show  :  "If  Cronos  was 
originally  a    divinity  of  vegetation,  as    seems 

most   probable "  (p.  29);    "The    Zeus    of 

Attica  was  originally  a  god  of  agriculture  "  (p.  57) ; 
"This  sombre  character  of  Zeus  was  probably 
derived,  in  Attica  at  least,  from  his  functions 
as  a  deity  of  vegetation  "  (p.  GO  ;  r.  also  p.  48, 
note  o).  Athena  "acquired  certain  functions 
as  a  deity  of  vegetation"  (p.  289).  "This 
affinity    of     the    goddess    [Athena]    with     the 

divinities  of  vegetation "  (p.  327).      "The 

aboriginal     Artemis     was an      independent 

divinity  connected  with   tho  waters    and  with 


wild  tion  and  beaete"  (p.   1 27  ;  r.  also 

Of   Aphrodite  Mr.  Farnell  says  (p.  62 

"  lint  thi  Explained  if  ire  suppose  | 

the  great  goddess  of  anterior  Aria  cams  at  so  early 
data  to  the   iiores  of  Greeoe  with  the  character  of  a 

divinity  of  v^etution." 

r.  also  pp.  042  and  803. 

In  conclusion,  may  I  point  out  to  your 
reviewer  that  to  say  that  a  certain 
was  originally  a  deity  of  vegetation  bs  widely 
different  from  the  proposition  that  ho  sprang 
directly  from  the  tree  ;  that  Dionysus,  for 
instance,  was,  in  Mr.  Pater's  phrase,  "the 
spiritual  form  of  the  vine  "  '!  I  certainly  thought 
I  had  guarded  myself  from  appearing  to  enlist 
Mr.  Farnell  as  a  supporter  of  the  latter  view. 

I.    PlIILPOT. 


THR   DESTRUCTION   OF  THK   SPANISH   ARMADA. 

In  the  interests  of  accuracy  in  matters  of 
history  may  I  ask  for  space  in  your  columns  to 
make  a  few  remarks  upon  a  recent  publication? 
The  inscription  on  its  title-page  is  "  A  Letter 
written  on  October  4th,  1589,  by  Captain 
Cuellar  of  the  Spanish  Armada,  to  His  Majesty 
King  Philip  II.,  recounting  his  misadventures 
in  Ireland,  and  elsewhere,  after  the  wreck  of 
his  ship.  Translated  from  the  original  Spanish 
by  Henry  Dwight  Sedgwick,  jr.  London,  Elkin 
Mathews,  Vigo  Street.  New  York,  George  H. 
Richmond  &  Co.     1896." 

The  little  book  is  neatly  got  up,  in  ancient 
fashion,  to  suit  the  subject  of  which  it  treats  ; 
but  the  title  is  misleading,  unless  the  translator 
has  made  some  new  discoveries  among  the 
archives  of  the  Academy  of  History  in  Madrid, 
conveying  information  not  previously  known  to 
the  public.  If  he  has  done  so,  he  is  entitled 
to  be  congratulated  upon  the  success  attending 
his  researches  ;  though  it  is  to  be  regretted  that 
he  has  not  clearly  stated  the  fact,  and  given 
his  authority  for  asserting  that  Capt.  Cuellar's 
letter  was  written  to  the  king.  Without  strong 
proof  to  support  such  a  statement,  those  of  his 
readers  who  can  investigate  the  matter  for  them- 
selves in  the  pages  of  Capt.  Duro's  book  entitled 
'  La  Armada  Invencible  '  will  find  it  difficult  to 
accept  as  a  fact  what  both  internal  and  external 
evidence  combine  to  make  most  improbable. 

It  is  strange,  indeed,  if  the  information  lay 
before  him,  that  such  a  careful  compiler  as 
Capt.  Duro  should  have  failed  to  discover  that 
Cuellar's  letter  was  intended  for  the  king,  and 
should  insert  it  under  the  indefinite  heading  : 
"Letter  of  one  who  was  in  the  Armada  of  Eng- 
land, and  an  account  of  the  expedition";  while 
in  the  case  of  the  other  letters  to  the  monarch 
he  describes  them  properly  as  such.  It  is  also 
difficult  to  believe  that  a  captain  in  the  Spanish 
navy  would  have  written  in  such  familiar  terms 
as  those  contained  in  the  letter  in  question  to 
his  king,  who  was  one  of  the  most  punctilious 
of  sovereigns. 

If,  however,  the  present  translation  is  based 
upon  the  Spanish  text,  as  printed  in  Capt. 
Duro's  book,  and  not  upon  new  documents, 
then  it  appears  to  me  that  the  statement  on  the 
title-page  as  to  the  letter  having  been  written 
to  Philip  II.  is  due  to  a  misconception  on  the 
part  of  the  translator  about  the  meaning  of  some 
of  the  abbreviations  made  use  of. 

This  becomes  manifest  in  the  opening  sen- 
tence of  Capt.  Cuellar's  letter,  where  the  initials 
"V.in."  are  translated  as  "Your  Majesty," 
an  expression  which  is  repeated  wherever  the 
same  letters  occur  again,  some  eight  or  nine 
times  throughout  its  pages.  The  explanation 
of  the  matter  is  that  these  letters— the  capital 
V  followed  by  a  small  ?>i — stand  for  "Vuestra 
merced,"  which  was  a  polite  paraphrase  of  the 
personal  pronoun  "You,"  that  is  still  current 
in  the  composite  abbreviation  "Usted,"  now 
represented  in  writing  by  V.  It  was  used  for 
untitled  persons  only,  those  of  exalted  rank 
being  addressed  by  some  other  expression  indi- 
cating the  possession  of  higher  dignity,  as,  for 
example,   "Vuestra  Excelencia "  (Your  Excel- 


N°3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


349 


lency),  or,  in  contracted  form,  "V.E."; 
"Vuestra  Majestad"  (Your  Majesty),  or,  in 
contracted  form,  "V.M.";  the  initials  being 
always  capitals  in  such  cases. 

Here  I  will  leave  this  phase  of  the  matter, 
merely  remarking  that  it  will  be  wiser  for  the 
present  to  keep  to  the  view  previously  adopted 
with  regard  to  Cuellar's  letter  — that  it  was 
not  known  to  whom  it  was  written — than  to 
accept  without  sufficient  proof  the  theory  now 
set  up  of  its  having  been  addressed  to  King 
Philip  II. 

With  reference  to  the  subject  generally,  there 
are  various  places  where  modifications  and 
alterations  of  the  translation  would  seem  de- 
sirable ;  but  space,  upon  which  I  fear  I  have 
already  trespassed  too  much,  will  not  permit 
me  to  deal  with  them  all.  There  are,  however, 
two  that  I  conceive  to  be  mistranslations  of 
some  importance,  which  ought  not  to  be  passed 
over  unnoticed,  as  they  tend  to  obscure  the 
meaning  of  the  passages  in  which  they  occur. 
They  will  be  found  at  the  bottom  of  p.  79,  and 
relate,  respectively,  to  the  position  of  "  Man- 
glana's "  (MacClancy's)  Castle,  and  that  of  the 
village  in  which  his  retainers  lived.  The  castle 
was  built  in  a  lake,  and  is  described  by  Mr. 
Sedgwick  as  being  "  inaccessible  both  by  water 
and  by  the  strip  of  land  that  runs  up  to  it." 
This  should  be  that  it  could  not  be  taken  by 
water  nor  by  the  shore  of  the  land  that  is 
nearest  to  it.  In  the  other  he  mentions  that 
the  village  was  built  on  "solid  ground."  "On 
the  mainland  "  would  be  the  more  correct  trans- 
lation. Tierrajirme,  which  are  the  words  used, 
may,  no  doubt,  be  rendered  literally  as  "solid 
ground,"  but  the  translator  should  have  borne 
in  mind  the  nature  of  the  context ;  and  I  think 
the  ordinary  meaning  of  tierra  firme,  which  is 
a  very  common  idiomatic  expression  in  Spanish 
for  designating  a  mainland  in  contrast  to  an 
island,  is  clearly  the  sense  it  was  intended  to 
bear  in  this  case.  Robert  Crawford. 


THE  SPRING  PUBLISHING  SEASON. 
Mr.  W.  Heinemann's  spring  announcements 
include  in  History,  Biography,  and  Travel  :  a 
translation  of  K.  Waliszewski's  '  Peter  the 
Great,'— 'The  Outgoing  Turk,'  by  Mr.  H.  C. 
Thomson, — '  The  New  Africa  :  a  Journey  up 
the  Chobe'  and  down  the  Okovango  Rivers,' 
by  Dr.  A.  Schulz  and  Mr.  A.  Hammar,  — 
'Rhodesia,'  by  Mr.D.F.Du  Toit,—  and  'Spanish 
Protestants  in  the  Sixteenth  Century,' compiled 
from  Dr.  Wilken's  work  by  Miss  Challice.  In 
Belles-lettres  :  the  first  volume  of  the  poems  in 
Mr.  Henley's  edition  of  'The  Works  of  Lord 
Byron,' — and  two  volumes  of  the  "Literatures 
of  the  World,"  'A  History  of  Ancient  Greek 
Literature,'  by  Prof.  Murray,  of  Glasgow,  and 
'A  History  of  French  Literature,'  by  Prof. 
Dowden.  In  Fiction  :  '  Flames  :  a  London 
Phantasy,'  by  Mr.  Hichens,— '  The  Fourth 
Napoleon,'  by  Mr.  Charles  Newbold, — 'The 
Captain  of  the  Parish,'  by  Mr.  J.  Quine, — 
'Marietta's  Marriage,'  by  Mr.  W.  E.  Norris, — 
4  The  War  of  the  Worlds,'  by  Mr.  II.  G.  Wells, 
—'The  Gadfly,'  by  E.  L.  Voynich,— '  Cottage 
Folk,'  by  Mrs.  Comyns  Carr,— 'Mr.  Blake  of 
Newmarket,'  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Cooper, —  'The 
Outspan  :  South  African  Yarns,'  by  Mr.  P. 
FitzPatrick, — in  the  "Pioneer  Series,"  '  Love 
for  a  Key,'  by  G.  Colmore  ;  'Yekl,'  by  A. 
Cahan  ;  and  '  The  Freedom  of  Henry  Mere- 
dith,' by  M.  Hamilton, — in  "Heinemann's 
International  Library,"  '  Niobe,'  from  the  Nor- 
wegian of  Jonas  Lie, — in  the  uniform  edition 
of  Bjdrnson's  novels  and  tales,  'Captain  Mansana 
and  Mother's  Hands'  and  '  Absalom's  Hair  and 
A  Painful  Memory, ' — and  '  Phantoms  '  in  the 
uniform  edition  of  Ivan  Tourgu<jnief's  novels. 
Miscellaneous  :  '  Beauty  and  Art,'  by  A. 
Beaton, — translations  of  'The  Agnosticism  of 
the  Future,'  by  M.  Guyau,  and  'Lumen,'  by 
M.  C.  Flammarion, — and  'Admiral  Guinea  'and 


'  Macaire,'  plays  by  Mr.  Henley  and  Mr.  R.  L. 
Stevenson. 

Messrs.  Putnam  promise,  in  the  series  styled 
"Heroes  of  the  Nations,"  'Robert  the  Bruce,' 
by  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  M.P.;  'Hannibal,' 
by  Mr.  O'Connor  Morris  ;  and  '  The  Cid  Cani- 
peador,'  by  Mr.  Butler  Clarke,— 'The  Nica- 
ragua Canal  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine,'  by 
Lindley  M.  Keasbey,— the  third  volume  of 
'  American  Orations,'  edited  by  the  late  Prof. 
Johnston,  of  New  Jersey,  and  re-edited  by  Prof. 
Woodburn,  of  Indiana  :  '  The  Anti  -  Slavery 
Struggle,'— 'Little  Journeys  to  the  Homes  of 
Famous  WTomen,'  by  Elbert  Hubbard,—'  Lawns 
and  Gardens,'  by  Nils  Jonsson  Rose,— 'The 
Literary  Movement  in  France  during  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,'  by  M.  G.  Pellissier,  trans- 
lated by  Anne  G.  Brinton,— '  The  Tower  of  the 
Old  Schloss,'  by  J.  P.  Rudd,— Vol.  III.  of 
'Italian  Painters  of  the  Renaissance,'  by  Mr. 
Bernhard  Berenson  :  '  The  Central  Italian 
Painters,'— a  memoir  of  '  Edward  Hodges, 
Doctor  in  Music,'  by  his  daughter,  Miss  F.  H. 
Hodges,— 'Old  Dorset,'  chronicles  of  a  New 
York  country-side,  by  Mr.  Cameron  Rogers,— 
'Household  Economics,'  by  Helen  Campbell,— 
and  'The  Majestic  Family  Cook-Book,'  by 
M.  Adolphe  Gallier. 

Messrs.  Swan  Sonnenschein  &  Co.  announce 
in  Philosophy  and  Theology  :  a  translation  of 
the  '  De  Anima  '  and  '  Parva  Naturalia,'  by  Prof. 
Hammond,  of  Cornell  University,— a  translation 
of  Prof.  W.  Wundt's  '  Ethics  '  and  of  his  '  Phy- 
siological Psychology,'— a  translation  of  Prof. 
Kulp°e's  'Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Philo- 
sophy,'— '  Ecclesiastical  Registers  of  the  Diocese 
of  London,'  edited  by  the  Rev.  G.  Hennessy,— 
'  The  Essence  of  Christianity,' three  sermons  by 
the  late  Rev.  W.  Bellars,— and  'Notes  of  Lessons 
on  the  Church  Services,'  adapted  for  Sunday- 
school  teachers,  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Hack  wood.  In 
History  :  '  A  History  of  England  to  the  Death 
of  Stephen,'  by  Sir  James  Ramsay, — a  transla- 
tion of  Dandliker's  'History  of  Switzerland,' — 
several  new  volumes  of  the  "Social  England 
Series,"— and  '  The  Evolution  of  the  Aryan,'  by 
Rudolph  von  Ihtrinsr,  translated  by  Mr.  Drucker. 
In  Belles-lettres,  Travel,  &c.  :  '  Specimens  of 
Bushman  Folk-lore,'  by  Dr.  W.  H.  J.  Bleek 
and  Miss  L.  C.  Lloyd, — 'Round  the  British 
Empire,'  by  Dr.  Hill,  Master  of  Down- 
ing College,  Cambridge,  —  'The  History 
of  England  in  Verse,'  edited  by  Mr. 
Brimley  Johnson,—'  A  Dictionary  of  Quota- 
tions (Greek  and  Latin),'  by  Mr.  Harbottle,— 
'A  Princess  of  Islam,'  a  novel  by  Mr.  J.  W. 
Sherer,  B.C. S.,— 'Poems,'  by  the  late  Mr. 
E.  F.  M.  Benecke,  arranged  by  his  brother, — 
and  'Steps  to  the  Temple  of  Happiness,'  by 
Mr.  H.  Smith.  In  Social  Economics  and 
Politics  :  Vol.  II.  of  Karl  Marx  on  'Capital,'— 
'The  Social  Side  of  the  Reformation,' by  Mr. 
Belfort  Bax,  Parts  II.  and  III.,— in  the 
"Social  Science  Series":  'The  Progress  and 
Prospects  of  Political  Economy,'  by  Prof.  J.  K. 
Ingram  ;  '  University  Extension,'  by  Mr.  M.  E. 
Sadler;  'Labour  Colonies,'  by  Prof.  Mavor  ; 
and  Rodbertus's  'Theory  of  Crises,' translated 
by  Mr.  Fabian  Franklin,— Karl  Marx  on  '  The 
Eastern  Question,' collected  and  edited  by  his 
daughter,  Mrs.  E.  Aveling, — and  '  Children 
under  the  Poor  Law,'  by  Mr.  W.  Chance.  In 
Education:  'The  Kindergarten  System,  its 
Origin  and  Development,' an  adaptation  of  the 
work  of  Dr.  A.  B.  Hanschmann  by  Fanny 
Franks, — 'A  Student's  Text-Book  of  Universal 
History,'  by  Dr.  E.  Reich,— '  Atlas  of  Modern 
History,'  also  by  Dr.  E.  Reich,  —  '  School 
Method,'  based  on  Herbartian  principles,  by 
C.  J.  Dodd,— a  translation  of  Herbart's  'Lec- 
tures on  Pedagogy  '  and  of  his  treatise  on  '  The 
Application  of  Psychology  to  Education,' — 'An 
English  Latin  Gradus,  by  Mr.  S.  C.  Wood- 
house, — 'The  Teacher's  Manual  of  Phonetics  : 
the  Sounds  of  English,'  by  the  lato  Laura 
Soames,  edited  by  Prof.  Vietor,  of  Marburg, — 
and   two  volumes  of    the   "  Parallel  Grammar 


Series":  'Fourth  French  Reader  and  Writer,' 
by  M.  Berthon,  of  Nottingham  ;  and  '  A  Welsh 
Grammar,'  by  Prof.  E.  Anwyl. 

Mr.  Elkin  Mathews  makes  the  following 
announcements  :  '  An  Attic  in  Bohemia  :  Essays 
and  Sketches,'  by  Mr.  Lacon  Watson,— 'The 
Wind  among  the  Reeds,'  by  Mr.  Yeats,— 
'Essays  upon  Matthew  Arnold,'  by  Mr.  A. 
Galton,  —  'Fancy's  Guerdon,'  by  Anodos 
("  Shilling  Garland  Series  "),— '  Spanish  Idylls,' 
by  Mr.  J.  Walker,—'  The  Canon,'  by  Mr.  L. 
Hartley,  with  an  introduction  by  Mr.  Cunning- 
hame  Graham,  —  '  The  Joy  of  my  Youth,' 
by  Claud  Nicholson,— '  Thames  Sonnets  and 
Semblances,'  by  Margaret  Armour  and  W.  B. 
Macdougall,— and  'More  Songs  from  Vaga- 
bondia,'  by  Mr.  Bliss  Carman  and  Mr.  R. 
Hovey.  ^_^ 

SALE. 
Messrs.  Sotheby  sold  on  Monday  and  Tues- 
day last  the  following  books  :  Nash's  Mansions, 
fourth  series,  plates  coloured  and  mounted  like 
drawings,  18L  10s.  Roberts's  Holy  Land,  sub- 
scriber's coloured  copy,  29L  Drawings  and 
sketches  relating  to  Warwickshire,  by  T.  Fisher 
and  others,  101.  Whitaker's  Richmondshire, 
large  paper,  india  proofs  of  the  Turner  views, 
141.  15s.  Ainsworth's  Jack  Sheppard,  first 
edition,  in  the  original  cloth,  101.  15s.  Dibdin's 
Bibliotheca  Spenceriana,  complete,  bound  by 
Bedford,  241.;  Bibliographical  Decameron, 
3  vols.,  by  Riviere,  14/.  10s.  ;  Tour  in  France 
and  Germany,  3  vols.,  by  Riviere,  121.  5s. 
Dickens's  Sketches  by  Boz,  the  three  series 
complete  in  original  cloth,  291.  10s.  J.  H. 
Jesse's  Works,  original  editions,  20  vols.,  bound 
by  Bedford,  33J.  10s.  Charles  Lamb's  Essays 
of  Elia,  both  series,  first  editions,  by  Bedford, 
23L  Egan's  Book  of  Sports,  extra  illustrated, 
121.  10s.  Carey's  Life  in  Paris,  first  edition, 
101.  10s.  Arrian  on  Coursing,  Bohn,  1831, 
extra  illustrated,  10L  15s.  The  Cocker,  by 
W.  Sketchley,  extra  illustrated,  121.  5s. 


THE  REV.  N.  POCOCK. 
We  regret  to  hear  of  the  decease,  after  a  long 
illness,  of  our  valued  contributor  Mr.  Nicholas 
Pocock.  Born  in  1814,  he  was  the  grandson  of 
the  well  known  marine  painter  Nicholas  Pocock, 
who  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Old  Water- 
Colour  Society,  and  the  cousin  of  George  and 
Alfred  Fripp.  He  went  to  Oxford  at  the  early 
age  of  seventeen,  obtained  a  First  Class  in 
Mathematics  and  a  Second  in  Classics  in  1834, 
and  carried  off  the  University  Mathematical 
Scholarships  in  succession  (in  1835  and  1836). 
He  continued  to  reside  in  the  University  and 
take  pupils,  besides  acting  as  a  University 
examiner  till  1852,  when  he  married  and 
removed  to  Clifton.  At  Clifton  he  remained 
during  the  rest  of  his  life,  except  for  a 
twelvemonth  when  he  visited  Codrington  Col- 
lege in  the  Barbados  and  made  a  tour  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  For  some  time  he 
continued  to  receive  pupils  ;  but  attracted  by 
the  history  of  the  Reformation  in  England, 
he  gradually  devoted  his  whole  time  to  the 
study  of  it,  and  became  one  of  the  chief  autho- 
rities on  the  subject.  He  published  in  1864  an 
edition  of  Burnet's  '  History  of  the  Reforma- 
tion,' and  he  followed  this  up  by  two  volumes  of 
'  Records  of  the  Reformation '  and  a  monograph 
on  'The  Principles  of  the  Reformation.'  For 
the  Camden  Society  he  edited  Harpsfield's 
'  Narrative  of  the  Divorce  '  and  '  Troubles  con- 
nected with  the  Prayer  Book  of  1540.'  Besides 
contributing  to  theso  columns,  he  wrote  for  the 
Guardian,  the  Saturday  Review,  the  Edinbxfrgh 
Review,  and  the  Church  Quarterly  A  kind- 
hearted,  painstaking  man,  lie  was  much  liked 
by  the  circle  of  friends  who  surroutulod  him  at 
Clifton. 


350 


T  II  E     ATI!  KX/K  I'  M 


N°3620,  Ma»  ii  1:5  '97 


TUtcinnj  (Gossip. 

Tin-  new  volume  of  the  'Dictionary  <>f 
National  Biography,1  to  be  published  on 
the  26th  inst.,  extendi  from  Bussew  to 
Boobell.  Mr.  T.  K.  Eenderson  writes  on 
Alexander  and  John  Buthven,  tlio  cliiof 
actors  in  the  Gowrie  plot ;  Mr.  J.  A.  Hamil- 
ton on  Dudley  Ryder,  first  Earl  of  Har- 
rowby  ;  Mr.  Sidney  Leo  on  Thomas  llyiner, 
critic  and  aivlueologist,  and  on  Thomas 
Sackville,  first  Elarl  of  Dorset,  author  of 
'Qorboduo';  Mr.  Lionel  Oust  on  John 
Michael  Bysbraok,  tho  sculptor ;  Col.  Vetch 
on  General  Sir  Edward  Sabine,  P.B.S.,  and 
on  Major-  General  Sir  llobortSale;  the  liev. 
William  Hunt  on  Henry  Sacheverell ;  Sir 
George  Sitwell  on  William  Sachevorell, 
"the  first  Whig";  Mr.  F.  T.  Marzials 
on  Charles  de  St.  Evreruond ;  Mr.  Leslie 
Stephen  on  Henry  St.  John,  Viscount 
Bolingbroko ;  Mr.  C.  n.  Firth  on  Oliver 
St.  John,  Chief  Justice;  Mr.  H.  Thom- 
son Lyon  on  Georgo  Sale,  translator 
of  the  Koran  ;  the  Eev.  W.  H.  Hutton, 
B.D.,  on  Archbishop  Sancroft  ;  Mr. 
Cosmo  Monkhouse  on  Paul  Sandby ;  Mr. 
Graves  Law  on  Nicholas  Sanders ;  Mr. 
Henry  Craik,  C.B.,  on  Lord  Sandford ; 
Mr.  A.  F.  Pollard  on  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  ; 
Mr.  Richard  Bagwell  on  Patrick  Sars- 
field,  Earl  of  Lucan ;  Mr.  E.  Irving 
Carlyle  on  Richard  Savage ;  Mr.  Thomas 
Seccombe  on  Thomas  Savile,  Marquis 
of  Halifax ;  Mr.  William  Carr  on  Sir 
Henry  Savile ;  Dr.  Norman  Moore  on 
Sir  William  Savory,  the  surgeon ;  Major 
Broadfoot  on  Tom  Sayers,  the  prize- 
fighter ;  Col.  Henry  Knollys  on  General 
Sir  James  Yorke  Scarlett  ;  Mr.  F.  M. 
O'Donoghue  on  Sir  George  Scharf ;  Mr. 
Robert  Dunlop  on  tho  Duke  of  Schom- 
berg  ;  Mr.  G.  C.  Boase  on  Sir  R.  H.  Schom- 
burgk,  who  delimitated  British  Guiana,  and 
on  Lady  Charlotte  Schreiber ;  Dr.  A.  W. 
Ward  on  the  Duchess  of  Kendal,  George  I.'s 
mistress ;  and  Canon  Leigh  Bennett  on 
C.  F.  Schwartz,  Indian  missionary. 

Tiie  annual  dinner  of  the  Royal  Literary 
Fund  will  take  place  at  the  Whitehall 
Rooms  on  the  5th  of  May.  Lord  Lister 
will  preside,  and  ho  will  doubtless  be  well 
supported  by  tho  many  members  of  his  own 
profession  who  are  authors  as  well  as  sur- 
geons and  physicians. 

The  historical  work  to  which  we  recently 
referred,  in  our  obituary  notice  of  General 
Meredith  Read,  as  having  occupied  him  for 
years,  was  left  substantially  complete,  and 
will  be  shortly  published  by  Messrs.  Chatto 
&  Windus.  It  is  in  two  volumes,  the  full  title 
being  '  Historic  Studies  in  Vaud,  Berne, 
and  Savoy,  from  Roman  Times  to  Voltaire, 
Rousseau,  and  Gibbon.'  Tho  work,  which 
will  be  preceded  by  a  portrait  and  brief 
memoir  of  tho  author,  contains  original 
documents  discovered  by  personal  re- 
searches in  family  archives  and  elsowhero. 
Indeed,  the  author  conversed  with  tho 
daughter  of  Dr.  Scholl,  Gibbon's  physi- 
cian, and  other  aged  persons  whoso  parents 
were  acquainted  with  tho  historian  and  his 
friends.  Local  developments  attending  the 
rise  of  tho  Reformation  receive  fresh  light. 
The  romance  of  Rousseau  and  Madame  de 
Warons  is  reviewed  in  tho  light  of  new  facts, 
and  there  are  somo  curious  statements  con- 


oerning  the  love  affair  of  Gibbon  and  Mile. 
Curohod.    Among  the  unpublished  lett< 
tie-  most  numerous   and    remarkable    are 
tho.se  of  Gibbon,   Voltaire,  and  Allamand. 

Others  are  from  Eider,   Huber,  the  youthful 

Napoleon,    Tissot,    Frederick     the    Groat, 

Bfalesherbss,  Philip  Stanhope,  Madame  de 
Stael,  Madame  Neoker,  Madame  do  Mo: 
lieu,  &c.  A  largo  part  of  the  work  is 
devoted  to  Gibbon  and  his  circle  at  Lau- 
sanne, and  among  the  illustrations  with 
which  tho  volumes  are  well  provided  is  a 
fine  engraving  of  a  portrait  of  tho  historian 
in  early  life,  found  in  his  old  homo  at 
Lausanne,  La  Grotte,  and  also  a  picture  of 
this  historic  mansion  made  for  the  General 
before  it  was  pulled  down. 

The  report  road  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Nowsvendors'  Institution  on  Tuesday  last, 
when  Lord  Glenesk  took  the  chair,  was 
highly  satisfactory.  During  the  past  year 
550/.  has  been  added  to  the  capital, 
which  now  exceeds  15,000/.  The  com- 
mittee are  making  every  effort  to  obtain 
a  good  sum  for  the  Victoria  Pension  Fund, 
and  hope  to  receive  sufficient  to  enable  them 
to  establish  several  Victoria  Pensions  for  the 
benefit  of  widows  of  newsvendors.  Mr. 
Hance,  the  manager  of  the  Daily  Chronicle 
and  Lloyd's  News,  was  elected  trustee  in  the 
place  of  the  late  Joseph  Newstead. 

We  are  requested  by  Messrs.  Ward, 
Lock  &  Co.  to  announce  that  the  verses 
appearing  on  the  title-page  of  Miss  Edith 
Johnson's  novel  •  A  Sunless  Heart '  were 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  F.  E.  Kappey,  and  they 
regret  that,  owing  to  an  oversight,  credit  was 
not  given  to  him  for  them  in  an  earlier 
edition. 

Mr.  T.  Bailey  Saunders  writes  from 
Eastbourne  :  — 

"Reference  was  made  in  last  week's  Alhe- 
ruBum  to  the  forthcoming  celebration  of  the 
centenary  of  Rosmini's  birth.  I  have  been 
asked  by  Count  Bossi-Fedrigotti,  the  chairman 
of  the  Centenary  Committee  at  Roveredo,  Ros- 
mini's native  place,  to  obtain  the  names  of  such 
Englishmen  as  take  an  interest  in  the  philo- 
sopher and  his  writings,  and  approve  of  the 
general  proposal  to  honour  his  memory.  May 
I  request  them  to  send  their  names  to  Count 
Bossi-Fedrigotti,  Roveredo,  Siid-Tirol,  A  ustria  ? " 

We  regret  to  hear  of  the  deaths  of  the  Dean 
of  St.  David's  and  Canon  Heaviside  of  Norwich. 
The  former  was  in  early  life  Senior  Mathe- 
matical Master  at  St.  Peter's  School,  York, 
and  when  Warden  of  Llandovery  made  the 
school,  which  had  hitherto  languished, 
efficient  and  successful,  and  this  it  has  con- 
tinued to  be.  He  also  did  much  for  educa- 
tion at  Aberystwith.  Canon  Heaviside, 
who  was  Second  Wrangler  in  1830,  was  for 
several  years  Professor  of  Mathematics  at 
Haileybury. 

The  prices  paid  on  Wednosdaj'  at  Messrs. 
Sothcby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge's  for  the  Keats 
MSS.  were  almost  startling.  The  MS.  of 
'Endymion,'  at  605/.,  works  out  at  nearly 
•1/.  per  page  of  MS.,  there  being  181  pages 
in  all.  But  the  price  paid  for  tho  '  Lamia,' 
twenty-six  leaves  in  all,  was,  comparatively 
speaking,  far  higher  than  that  paid  for  the 
'  Endymion,'  inasmuch  as  the  twenty-six 
leaves  realized  305/.,  or  nearly  12/.  per  MS. 
pujxe.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  of  tho  two 
MSS.  of  William  Morris  also  sold  on 
Wednesday,  the  original  holograph  MS., 
a  single-page  folio  of   '  Mine  and  Thine,'  a 


poem,  realized  10/.  5*.,  whilst  the  M.S.  of 
■  story  extending  to  six  pages  was  appraised 
at  18/.  6$. 

1     r.  appointment  of  Col.  John  nay  to  be 
0.8.  Ambassador  at  the  Court  of  St.  James's 
has  led   Messrs.  Routledge   to   bring  out  a 
new  edition  of  his  '  Pike  County  Ballads.' 
Eaui.v    last   year    the  d'Histoire 

i'Anheologie  de  Chalons  -  sur  -  Saone 
selected  from  among  its  members  a  com- 
mittee which  should  report  upon  the  best 
means  to  be  taken  to  set  up  a  monu- 
ment in  honour  of  the  memory  of  Fran- 
cois Chabas,the  famous  French  Egyptologist 
The  committee  having  obtained  the  supj 
of  the  Municipal  Council  of  the  city,  the 
Minister  of  Public  Instruction  was  next 
approached  on  the  subject,  and  as  the 
result  of  his  adhesion  to  the  scheme  a  large 
and  influential  committee — which  comprises 
most  of  the  honoured  names  of  the  French 
school  of  Egyptology,  and  a  few  eminent 
foreign  Egyptologists  such  as  MM.  Wiede- 
mann, Pleyte,  Lieblein,  Naville,  and  Schia- 
parelli — has  been  formed,  and  steps  have 
been  taken  to  carry  this  widely-felt  wish 
into  effect.  It  is  proposed  to  set  up  a 
bust  of  Chabas  in  Chalons-sur-  Saone,  the 
town  of  his  adoption,  where  for  more  than 
twenty  years  he  pursued  his  unremittent 
studies.  Subscriptions  may  be  sent  to  M.  E. 
Leroux,  28,  Rue  Bonaparte,  Paris. 

Prof.  G.  Hoffmann,  of  Kiel,  will  con- 
tribute a  paper  to  the  forthcoming  number 
of  the  Zeitschrift  fur  Assyrioloyie  on  some 
Aramean  inscriptions  from  Nerab,  near 
Aleppo,  which  are  probably  as  old  as  the 
seventh  or  eighth  century  before  Christ. 

Dr.  Kerler,  of  the  University  of  Wurz- 
burg,  has  succeeded  in  discovering  in  the  Neu- 
miinster  of  that  town  the  place  where  Walther 
von  der  Vogelweide  was  buried  about  1230. 
The  tombstone  which  marked  the  exact  spot 
as  late  as  sixty  years  ago  has  unfortunately 
disappeared.  It  contained  four  cavities,  in 
which,  as  tradition  has  it,  the  poet  directed 
before  his  death  that  food  and  drink  should 
be  provided  for  the  birds — on  which  legend, 
by- the -by,  Justinus  Kerner  has  a  pretty 
poem.  A  new  monument  worthy  of  the 
greatest  Minnesanger  of  Germany  is  ex- 
pected to  be  erected  before  long  in  the  open 
place  between  the  cathedral  and  the  Neu- 
miinster. 

South  Africa  is  attempting  the  solution 
of  a  problem  similar  in  some  respects  to  that 
which  faces  us  in  connexion  with  the  Uni- 
versity of  London.  The  Cape  University 
was  incorporated  in  1873  as  an  examining 
body,  and  many  of  its  friends  now  seek  to 
complete  it  by  the  addition  of  teaching 
faculties.  Another  proposal,  commended  by 
Chief  Justice  De  Villiers,  is  to  hold  the 
examinations  in  the  Dutch  as  well  as  in  the 
English  language. 

The  lyric  poet  Emil  Eittershaus,  born 
April  3rd,  1834,  at  Barmen,  died  there 
after  a  lingering  illness  on  the  8th  inst. 
Having  completed  his  studies  at  the  Eeal- 
schule  of  his  native  town,  he  devoted 
himself  to  a  commercial  career,  but 
appeared  at  an  early  stage  as  a  poet.  His 
poems  at  once  attracted  attention  by  their 
freshness  and  healthiness  of  tone  and 
by  their  liberality  and  largeness  of  view. 
He  was  not  quite  so  stormy  as  Freiligrath 
(whose   intimate    friend    he   was),    nor  so 


N°  3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


351 


idyllic  as  Geibel,  but  occupied  a  middle 
position.  His  '  Gedichte,'  first  published  in 
1855,  have  gone  through  eight  or  nine  edi- 
tions, and  his  '  Freimaurerische  Gedichte,' 
his  '  Buch  der  Leidenschaft,'  &c,  have  also 
been  frequently  reprinted. 

The  German  papers  report  the  death  of 
Prof.  August  Konler,  of  Erlangen.  He 
was  born  at  Schmalenberg,  in  the  Palati- 
nate, in  1835,  was  professor  at  Jena  and 
Bonn,  and  had  held  the  Chair  of  Old 
Testament  Exegesis  at  Erlangen  since 
1868.  He  contributed  largely  to  the  last 
edition  of  Herzog  and  Plitt's  '  Eeal-Ency- 
klopadie  f  iir  protestantische  Theologie  '  and 
also  wrote  books,  a  'Lehrbuch  der  bib- 
lischen  Geschichte  des  Alten  Testaments  ' 
and  a  monograph  on  the  post-exilic  prophets. 
The  latest  work  from  his  active  pen  was 
issued  a  few  months  ago. 

The  Parliamentary  Papers  of  the  week 
include  a  Report  on  the  Finances  of  Edin- 
burgh University  (2d.)  ;  two  New  Ordi- 
nances made  by  the  Scottish  Universities 
Commissioners  (Id.  each);  Declaration  of 
the  Catholic  Laity  of  Ireland  on  the  Subject 
of  University  Education  (Id.);  and  Reports 
on  the  Royal  Military  Colleges  at  Wool- 
wich and  Sandhurst  (2d.). 


SCIENCE 


ATLASES   AND    GAZETTEERS. 

The  Victoria  Eegina  Atlas.  (Johnston.) — A 
pretentious  title-page  and  three  pages  of  showily 
coloured  reproductions  of  national  arms,  flags, 
and  so  forth  form  an  unpromising  introduction 
to  'The  Victoria  Regina  Atlas,'  and  matters  are 
not  much  improved  by  eight  celestial  charts  and 
a  map  of  the  world  in  two  hemispheres,  with 
comparative  tables  of  the  rivers  of  the  world 
represented  by  straight  lines  above,  and  the 
mountains  represented  by  sugardoaves  below. 
These  old-fashioned  conventionalities  produce 
an  impression  that  the  well-known  publishers  of 
this  work  are  not  moving  with  the  times  as  much 
as  they  should  ;  and  though  the  treatment  of 
India  in  seventeen  maps  and  the  American  con- 
tinent in  no  less  than  thirty-seven  is  a  decided 
advance  on  older  methods,  various  details  con- 
firm the  impression.  So  in  the  map  of  British 
East  Africa  it  is  plain  that  Dr.  Donaldson 
Smith's  discoveries  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Lakes  Rudolf,  Stefanie,  and  Abaya  have  not 
been  duly  recorded  ;  in  the  map  of  the  Upper 
Nile  the  Egyptian  frontier  is  placed  far  north 
of  Dongola  ;  no  indication  is  given  of  a  certain 
much -discussed  strip  of  territory  on  the  west 
of  the  Transvaal  ;  it  is  impossible  to  trace  out 
the  journeys  of  Capt.  Younghusband  and  Sir 
Martin  Conway  ;  and  no  indication  at  all  is 
given  of  the  fact  that  the  Pamirs  are  no  longer 
a  terra  incognita.  Instances  of  similar  omissions 
might  be  added,  but  those  quoted  are,  perhaps, 
enough  to  show  that  the  present  work  has  not 
been  properly  brought  up  to  date.  In  minor 
matters,  too,  this  atlas  is  not  what  it  should  bo. 
The  maps  of  England,  for  example,  are  neither 
clear  nor  pretty.  Many  of  the  names  are  nearly 
illegible,  and  the  railways  are  marked  so  heavily 
as  almost  to  obliterate  all  natural  features.  The 
map  of  Switzerland  is  positively  ugly,  and  the 
ignorant  reader  might  suppose  that  the  Aletsch- 
horn  and  the  Jungfrau  were  separated  by  a  valley 
comparable  to  that  of  the  Rhone.  To  give  sepa- 
rate maps  of,  say,  South  Bombay  and  Hyder- 
abad is  a  mere  waste  of  space  ;  and  it  is  almost 
worse  to  cut  up  the  maps  of  the  United  States 
into  maps  of  which  one  contains  nothing  but 
Maine,  and  another  only  New  York  (West).  In 
all  the  American  maps,   too,  the   railways  are 


assigned  even  more  prominence  than  they  have  in 
the  maps  of  England,  and  there  appears  to  be  a 
considerable  error  in  the  geological  and  altitude 
maps  of  the  North  American  continent.  To 
supply  two  hundred  maps  in  a  most  handy  form 
is  a  considerable  feat ;  but  in  this  case  we  fear 
that  their  quality  is  decidedly  below  their 
quantity. 

Fliilips'  Handy  Reference  Atlas.  By  E.  G. 
Ravenstein.  (Philip  &  Son.)— The  title  of 
this  work  is  a  fair  indication  of  its  merits. 
Handy  it  certainly  is,  and  its  contents  are 
legible  and  correct  as  far  as  they  go.  For  an 
atlas  with  no  pretensions  tc  elaboration  of  de- 
tail it  is  very  fairly  up  to  date.  Nansen's 
furthest  is  duly  recorded,  though  his  track  is 
unmarked,  which  is  a  pity,  as  there  is  plenty  of 
room  for  it.  Jackson's  discoveries  in  Franz 
Josef  Land  are  not  noticed,  and  we  find  no 
trace  of  the  Siberian  railway.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  result  of  the  Dongola  expedition  is 
made  the  most  of,  though  a  veil  is  thrown  over 
late  Italian  losses  in  the  same  part  of  the  world. 
The  work,  however,  may  fairly  claim  not  to  be 
judged  by  its  detail  ;  and  if  the  reader  wants  to 
discover  the  position  of  any  important  place  in 
a  hurry,  this  atlas  will  be  exceedingly  useful  if 
no  larger  one  is  at  hand.  Recent  events  have 
supplied  rather  difficult  tests  for  atlases  ;  but 
a  moderately  intelligent  reader  will  find  both 
Canea  and  Bida  with  the  least  possible  waste 
of  time  ;  and  if  the  exact  location  of  the  Ilorins 
escapes  him,  we  do  not  know  that  he  is  justified 
in  complaining  of  that.  The  maps  are  all  dis- 
tinctively and  agreeably  coloured,  they  are  both 
numerous  and  well  selected,  and  what  they  have 
to  tell  they  tell  quite  plainly. 

CasselVs  Gazetteer.  —  Vol.  IV.  Kilteel-New- 
chapel.  (Cassell  &  Co.) — The  fourth  volume  of 
this  excellent  work  has  all  tho  merits  which 
mark  its  predecessors.  A  careful  examination 
reveals  one  omission  only,  that,  namely,  of  a 
certain  Mount  Pleasant  which  includes  a  rail- 
way station,  a  post  office,  and  what  the  editor 
terms  a  "seat";  it  does  not,  however,  boast 
itself  a  parish  or  even  a  township,  so  we  are 
doubtful  if  it  properly  falls  within  the  scope  of 
the  work  ;  moreover,  six  other  places  of  the 
same  name  are  included.  The  editor  is  called 
on  to  deal  with  London,  Liverpool,  and  Man- 
chester, and  acquits  himself  creditably  in  each 
case,  though  the  subjects  are  not  well  suited  to 
the  capacity  of  the  work.  As  is,  perhaps,  in- 
evitable, the  accounts  of  certain  progressive 
localities  are  not  absolutely  up  to  date.  Thus 
it  is  incorrect  to  suggest  that  Merthyr  Tydfil  is 
still  the  principal  seat  of  the  iron  manufacture 
in  the  kingdom,  and  Cyfartha  Castle  ought  at 
least  to  be  noticed.  Again,  Llanwonno  is  for 
many  purposes  a  disintegrated  parish,  which 
fact  is  passed  over  in  silence.  However,  these 
are  trifling  blots  of  very  small  practical  import- 
ance. To  the  honour  of  Ireland  it  may  be 
observed  that  Llan-,  with  only  thirty  -  six 
pages,  has  to  yield  pride  of  place  to  Kil-,  with 
fifty-six  ;  a  further  and  unmerited  discredit  is 
done  to  the  nomenclature  of  the  Principality 
by  cutting  down  its  champion  place-name  to 
merely  Llanfairpwllgwyngyll,  and  omitting  the 
euphonious  termination  of  "ygogo."  We  cannot, 
however,  suggest  any  additions  to  the  forty- 
two  Llanfihangels,  whether  spelt  with  an 
Anglicized  v  or  with  the  corrector/.  The  Cam- 
brian archaeologist  will  note  with  pleasure  that 
suitable  justice  is  done  both  to  Llanmihangel 
and  Llantwit  Major,  tho  particulars  relating  to 
the  latter  being  brought  well  up  to  date.  Llan- 
gorse  Lako  wo  miss,  but  perhaps  it  may  be 
reserved  to  be  treated  of  under  its  Welsh  name, 
which  begins  with  S.  All  the  Moels  wo  can  call 
to  mind  and  a  good  many  more  are  named. 
Mentmoro  we  find,  and  a  slight  indication  of  its 
famous  contents,  but  why  is  the  name  of  its  dis- 
tinguished owner  omitted  ?  The  popular  asso- 
ciations with  Medmenham  Abbey,  Mortlake,  and 
Market  Bosworth  are  not  overlooked,  but  our 
reasons  for  remembering  Mitchelstown  find  no 


place,  perhaps  because  a  gazetteer  properly 
avoids  politics.  On  the  other  hand,  we  are 
reminded  that  Maynooth  is  known  to  the  poli- 
tician. A  very  suitable  description  of  Mayfair 
is  given.  The  maps  are  of  the  usual  merit,  and 
in  this  volume  are  concerned  with  the  extreme 
north  of  the  United  Kingdom,  though  the  claims 
of  London  and  Liverpool  to  special  treatment  in 
this  respect  are  not  overlooked.  It  may  be  the 
effect  of  use,  but  we  are  more  reconciled  to  the 
pictures  inserted  in  this  volume  than  to  those 
which  lighten  previous  ones.  The  view  of  the 
Town  Hall  of  Longton  is  perhaps  superfluous, 
but  those  of  Medmenham  and  Minehead  are 
really  quite  pretty.  So  is  the  portrayal  of 
Llanthony  Abbey,  only  it  is  a  pity  that  it  does 
not  represent  the  building  generally  known  by 
that  name. 


THE   SPRING   PUBLISHING   SEASON. 

Messrs.  Whittaker  &  Co.  promise  '  Central 
Station  Electricity  Supply,'  by  Messrs.  Gay  and 
Yeaman, — a  series  of  '  Electrical  Engineering 
Designs,'  by  Mr.  G.  Kapp, — 'Horseless  Road 
Locomotion,' by  Mr.  A.  R.  Sennett, — 'A  Rail- 
way Technical  Vocabulary  (French,  English, 
and  American),'  by  M.  L.  Serraillier,  —  a 
translation  of  MM.  Loppe"  and  Bouquet's  '  Prac- 
tical Treatise  on  Alternating  Currents,' — 'The 
Alternating  Current  Circuit,'  by  Mr.  Perren 
Maycock, — 'Railway  Material  Inspection,'  by 
Mr.  G.  R.  Bodmer, — '  Organic  Chemical  Mani- 
pulation,' by  Mr.  J.  T.  Hewitt, — '  Industrial 
Electro-Chemistry,'  by  Dr.  Hoepfner, — 'Whit- 
taker's  Engineers'  Pocket-Book,' — 'Practical 
Electrical  Measurements,'  by  Mr.  E.  H. 
Crapper, — Vol.  II.  of  'Electric  Lighting  and 
Power  Distribution,'  by  Mr.  P.  Maycock, — and 
'A  School  Geography,'  by  Mr.  C.  Bird,  of 
Rochester. 

Messrs.  Sonnenschein's  scientific  publications 
include  a  '  Text  -  Book  of  Palaeontology  for 
Zoological  Students,'  by  Mr.  T.  T.  Groom,  of 
the  Yorkshire  College,  Leeds, — Vol.  I.  of  a 
translation  of  Drs.  Korschelt  and  Heider's 
'Text -Book  of  Embryology  :  Invertebrates,' 
by  Mr.  E.  Pritchard, — a  translation  of  Prof. 
Detmer's  'Practical  Plant  Physiology,' — 'A 
Student's  Text  -  Book  of  Zoology,' by  Mr.  A. 
Sedgwick,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, — a 
translation  of  '  The  Young  Beetle-Collector's 
Handbook,'  by  Dr.  E.  Hofmann, — 'Introduc- 
tion to  the  Study  of  Organic  Chemistry,' 
by  Mr.  Wade,  of  Guy's  Hospital,  —  some 
volumes  of  the  "  Young  Collector  Series ": 
'Among  the  Wild  Flowers,'  Vol.  I.  (Spring), 
Vol.  II.  (Summer),  by  the  Rev.  H.  Wood ; 
'Fishes,'  by  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Macpherson  ; 
'Handbook  of  Grasses,'  by  Mr.  Hutchinson; 
'Mammalia,' by  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Macpherson; 
and  'Birds'  Eggs  and  Nests,'  by  Mr.  Ruskin 
Butterfield,— and  '  Radiation,'  by  Mr.  H.  H.  F. 
Hyndman  and  Mr.  C.  H.  Cribb,  with  an  intro- 
duction by  Prof.  S.  P.  Thompson. 

Messrs.  L.  Reeve  &  Co.  have  in  the  press  a 
work  on  'Respiratory  Proteids,'  by  Dr.  A.  B. 
Griffiths,  author  of  'The  Physiology  of  the 
Invertebrata,'  &c. 


SOCIETIES. 


ROYAL.— March  4.— The  President  in  the  chair.— 
The  Secretary  read  the  list  of  candidates  for  election 
into  the  Society.— M.  Aniagat,  Prof.  F.  Colin,  Prof. 
J.  W.  Gibbs,  Prof.  Rudolph  I'.  II.  Heidenhain.  and 
Dr.  R.  Koch  were  elected  Foreign  Members.— The 
following  papers  were  rend  :  '  Experiments  on  the 
Absence  of  Mechanical  Connexion  between  Ether 
and  Matter,'  by  Prof.  Lodge,—'  Second  Report  on  a 
Series  of  Specimens  of  the  Deposits  of  the  Nile 
Delta,'  communicated  by  desire  of  the  Delta  Com- 
mittee, by  Prof.  Judd,—' The  Palroolithio  Deposits 
at  Hitobin  and  their  Relation  to  the  tilacial  Kpoch,' 
by  Mr.  C,  i;<id. -mid  'Luminosity  and  Photometry,' 
by  Prof.  J.  B.  Haycraft. 

Geological.—  I'rh.  LM.—  Dr.  II.  Hicks,  President, 
in  the  chair.  —  < 'apt.  A.  I!.  Dwerrvliouse,  Messrs.  P. 
Emary,  W.  D.  Ferguson,  C.  Olden,  and  G.  de  Wolf 


352 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:\/i:  n  m 


w«tc  ek-ctrii  KiIIowb.— Tha  fallowing  oommaDfo*- 
!',""•  "«'"•  "'•'"'  'On  the  Nature  tod  Origin  of  the 
HanenthsJ  Serpentine,'  bj  Miss  0.  A.  Be]  In,  ootn- 
municaied  bi  Prof.  T.  Q.  Bonner.— 'On  Two 
Boulders  of  Granite  from  the  Middle  Chalk  of 
Betohworth,  Surrey,'  b?  Mr. W.P.  I».  Stebhing,— 
mill  'Coal:  u  Ni-w  Explanation  of  it.-  Formation: 
ortfae  Phenomena  of  a  New  PoasU  Plant  considered 
with  reference  to  the  Origin,  Composition,  and 
Formation  of  Ooal'beda,1  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Urosley. 

aarr   or  Antiquahim.— F*b.  25.— Viaooont 

Di  Ion,  Y.!\,  in  the  ohair.  Mr.  fl.  .1.  f.  Atkinson 
exhibited  a  Dumber  of  Roman  and  other  antiquities 
found  at  Baden  (Suisse).— Mr.  0.  ll.  Bead  read  a 
note  on  a  small  bronae  prow  of  Roman  date  found 

iu  London.— Mr.  F.  Qann  ex]  iliited  a  number  of 
stone  iinplementa  of  remarkable  shapes  found  in 

British  Honduras,  and  coloured  drawings  of  a  series 
of  Agorae  painted  on  the  outer  wall  of  a  temple  In 
the  came  locality.- Mr.  C.  B.  Keyser  read  the  first 

part  of  a  paper  ou  the  pauel  paintings  of  sainte,  tec, 
pn  the  Devonshire  Boreene.  Jle  mentioned  that  a 
large  number  of  churches  in  the  county,  especially 
in  the  district  to  the  south  and  south-east  of  Dart- 
moor, still  retained  their  screens  with  a  series  of 
Scripture  subjects  or  saints  depicted  ou  the  lower 
panels,  and  he  detailed  the  numerous  instances 
where,  even  iu  receut  times,  these  panel  paintings 
had  been  destroyed  or  removed  or  brown-painted 
over,  or  in  too  many  cases  renovated  by  well-mean- 
ing but  incompetent  amateur  artists.  A  common 
representation  is  a  series  of  apostles  and  prophets 
arranged  on  the  alternate  pauels,  of  which  good 
examples  remain  at  Chudleigh,  Kenton  Bovey 
Tracey,  Ipplepen,  and  elsewhere.  Portraits  of  the 
twelve  Sibyls  occur  at  Bradninch  and  Ugborough 
and  of  one  or  more  of  them  at  Heavitree,  Ipplepen 
aod  probably  ou  one  or  two  other  examples  Iu 
some  instances,  as  at  Ashtou  and  Buckland  in  the 
Moor,  the  paintings  appear  on  both  faces  of  the 
screen.  The  very  late  date  of  many  of  the  screens 
and  some  of  the  paiDted  figures  was  also  alluded  to. 
the  discussion  on  the  subject  was  deferred  till  the 
completion  of  the  paper. 

March  4. -Sir  A.  W.  Franks,  President,  and  after- 
wards Lord  Dillon,  V.P.,  in  the  chair.-This  being 
an  evening  appointed  for  the  election  of  Fellows, 
no  papers  were  read.  The  following  gentlemen  were 
elected  Bellows  :  Sir  F.  Pollock,  Revs.  J.  Kennedy, 
F.  Hancock,  and  W.  Haworth,  Messrs.  W.J.  Kaye 
K.  C.  Graham,  T.  Preston,  (J.  A.  Teunant,  W.  o! 
Koper,  F.  Cavendish  Bentinck,  and  B.  C.  A.  Windle. 

British  Archaeological  Association— A/arrA 
i  ■ i1"'  V.0"1^11'  Y-F-' in  the  chair— A  paper  was 
read  by  Mr.  P.  Blashill,  entitled  'Some  Certificates 
as  to  Recusants  in  Holderness.'  These  certificates 
which  were  about  the  same  date.A.D.  1G0G,  shed  con- 
siderable light  upon  the  operation  of  the  law  in  the 
centre  of  Holderness,  which  at  that  time,  as  the 
author  remarked,  "  was  by  its  remoteness  and  by 
the  absence  of  good  roads  more  than  usually 
secluded  from  the  outside  world."  The  church 
services  were  held  twice  a  day  ou  the  Sabbath, 
morning  and  afternoon  usually,  but  sometimes  in 
the  evening,  and  all  persons  were  expected  to  attend 
or  to  produce  a  valid  excuse.  Good  excuses  were 
recognized  in  old  age,  sickness,  the  care  of  sick 
persons  or  young  children,  or  absence  from  home. 
Failing  such  accepted  excuses,  persons  absent 
from  church  were  certified  by  the  churchwardens 
to  the  justices  of  the  peace,  and  were  fined 
accordingly  Some  of  the  certificates  stated 
how    the     fines    were    disposed    of.      The    recu- 

tw  k?PI;ea/-/.°  feve  been  most|y  women  of 
the  lopish  faith.  The  penalties  were  not  always 
limited  to  small  fines  -  4,.  in  one  case  is  be 
amount  in  o  her  cases  the  offenders  were  excom- 
municated. It  would  appear  that,  taken  as  a  whole 
the  people  of  Holderness  were  fairly  good  church 
goers— In  the  discussion  following  the  pap7 the 
Chairman  Mr  Payson,  Mrs.  Collfer,  Mr.  Pat  ict 
and  others  took  part.  ' 

Archaeological  Ihbtittjms.- March  3—  Chan- 
ce lor  Ferguson  ,u  the  chair-Mr.  II.  Wilson  ex- 
Kent  i„  T  br°!1Ke  jmaS?  'ately  found  at  Bidcup, 
Flv  ',1  K?^  th«6  foundi>tion  of  a  house-Mr 
Lly  dentified  the  figure  as  probably  Dionysus  or 
Bacchus  wearing  a  nebris  or  fawn's  skin—  Mr  11  p 
Fitz-Gera Id  Marriott  read  a  paper  '  On  Family  Por- 
traits at  1  ompeii.'  He  endeavoured  to  show  that  all 
the  pictures  containing  faces  of  men  and  women 
were  not  attempts  at  the  delineation  of  heroic  and 
mythological  characters,  as  had  previously  been 
surmised,  but  were  family  portraits  of  the  owners 
and  inhabitants  of  the  houses.  Mr.  Marriott  steted 
ii,  77  °.f  the  »,ainftin,^  were  in  a  very  dilapi. 
dated  state,  by  reason  of  their  age  as  well  ashy  their 
being  injured  by  a  small  snail  which  works  bVhind 

abomffifr^*  ;  bu,t  of  !bc  u,ore  I™*"*  specimens 

about    fifty-one  have  been    copied.    Mr.   Marriott 
exhibited  photographs  of  about  half  that  number. 


N  ■lW,-ji,,  Mm,,  h  13,  '97 


and   oritiolaed  the  different   style*.    Portrait! 
aerer  found  in  the  first  or  reliero  style  of  d« 
lion  of  the  pre-Roman  epoofa.    it  eras  doubtful  if 
tb.-y  existed  in  the  taoond,  or  period  ol  thi    Be- 
public ;  but  in  the  third  and  delicate  style  of  the 
about  ad.  1  sral  portrait*,  all 

enclosed  In  square  or  oblong  borders,  but  never 
round,  are  to  be  found.    One  of  the  earliest  of  tl 

is  that  in  the  lions.-  of  Marcus  Epidius  Sabinu- 

i  mass  of  the  portraits  are  to  be  found  in 

fourth  style,  and  most  of  ii  \re  been  inserted 

in  the  walls  after  having  been  painted  on  an  ■ 

OTOn  horizontal  surfaces.    Mr.  MaiTiottgaVC  a  critical 
description    Of    many   of    these    in    support    of    his 

theory.— In  the  discussion  that  followed  Mr.  Tal- 
fourd  Ely  and  Mr.  Fox,  although  admitting  that 
raJ  of  the  paintings  were  in  all  probability  in- 
tended for  portraits,  yet  could  not  but  believe  that 
the  others  were  merely  conventional  subjects. 

Zoological.— March 2.— Dr.  W.  T.  Bianford,  v.p, 

in  the  chair.— The  Secretary  exhibited  two  speci- 
mens of  a  viper  recently  discovered  by  Capt  A  H 
McMahon  duriug  the  survey  of  the  Indo- Persian 
frontier,  and  named  Erutioqpkii  macmahoni  (gen 
etap.  nov.)  by  Dr.  Alcock.  This  snake  had  been  met 
with  only  in  the  sandy  portions  of  the  desert  between 
Mushki  and  Persia,  where  it  was  almost  impossible 
to  detect  its  presence,  owing  to  its  habit  of  ljing 
buried  in  the  sand  with  only  its  head  visible.— A 
report  was  read,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  A.  Thomson,  on 
the  insects  bred  in  tke  insect-house  during  the  year 
18%,  and  a  series  of  the  specimens  was  exhibited— 
Mr.  G.  Bolton  gave  an  account  of  a  recent  visit  to 
the  Bird  Islands  in  Saldauha  Bay,  South  Africa 
The  photographs  illustrated  the  life  of  the  black- 
footed  penguin  (Sph-nincut  deviersus)  on  these 
islands,  showing  these  birds  in  groups,  nest-buildiug, 
sitting  on  their  eggs,  and  moulting.  Mr.  Bolton  also 
gave  an  account  of  the  guano  and  egg  industry 
carried  on  by  the  Cape  Government  iu  the  Bird 
Islands  and  other  adjacent  islands.— Mr.  W.  B 
Tegetmeier  exhibited  and  made  remarks  upon  a 
specimen  of  a  starling  {Stnrnus  vulgaris)  with 
enormously  elongated  mandibles.— Mr.  H.  M  Wallis 
read  a  paper  entitled  '  The  Growth  of  Hair  upou  the 
Human  Ear,  and  its  Testimony  to  the  Shape,  Size 
and  Position  of  the  Ancestral  Organ.' 

Chemical— Marc h  4—  Mr.  A.  Vernon  Harcourt, 
1  resident,  in  the  chair.— Fifty-seven  gentlemen 
were  elected  Fellows— The  following  papers  were 
received  :  '  Some  Hydrocarbons  from  American 
letroleum:  I.  Normal  and  Iso-pentane,'  by  Dr  S 
loung  and  Mr.  G.  L.  Thomas,  — 'The  Vapour 
1  ressures,  Specific  Volumes,  and  Critical  Constants 
of  .Normal  Pentane,  with  a  Note  on  the  Critical 
ioiut,  by  Dr.  S.  Young,— '  On  the  Freezing-point 
Curves  of  Alloys  containing  Zinc,' bv  Messrs.  C.  T. 
Heycock  and  F.  H.  Neville —'The  Oxides  of  Cobalt 
i  c  ie  Cobaltltes,'  by  Messrs.  A.  H.  McConnell  and 
E.  b.  Hanes,— •  A  New  Synthesis  in  the  Sugar  Group,' 
by  Mr.  H.  J.  H.  Fentou— 'The  Di-Nitrosamiues  of 
Ethylene  Aniline,  the  Ethylene  Toluidines,  and  their 
Derivatives,' by  Dr.  F.  E.  Francis,-' Contributions 
to  the  Knowledge  of  the  /3-Ketouic  Acids,  V.,'  by  Dr. 
S.  Ruhemann  and  Mr.  A.  S.  Hemmy,— and  'A  Syn- 
thesis of  Citric  Acid,'  by  Dr.  W.  T.  Lawrence. 


MEETINGS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

Victoria  Institute.  4$.-'CreatioB  or  Evolution,'  Dr.  W  Kidd 

Society  ol  Arts.  -1J  -'Alloys,'  Lecture  I,  Prot  W  C  Huberts- 
Austen.    (Cantor  Lecture  J  "" 

Institute  ol  British  Architects  8 

Stansti'caf's"1'011'  3  ~'An"ual  Electricity,' Trot  A.  D.  Waller. 

Society  of' Arts.  8-' The  I'rogress  of  the  British  Colonic*  of 
Mr  J^UonVi  k"0*  "'e  S'"y  YearS  °'  Her  MaJcl>t*  s  K<--ign,' 

Folk-lore,  8  -'Death  and  Burial  of  the  Fiotc  (French  ConKo)  ' 
mV  m  ?i  "S""1'1'  'fetish  View  of  the  Human  Sou  !' 
Miss  M.  Ivingsley.  ' 

Civil  Engineers,  8  -Further  Discussion  on  '  The  Main  Drainage 
of  London  '  and  "1  he  Purification  of  the  Thames 
!?i01'«f  •■?*■  "7  '  M»laK»sT  Kodent-genus  Urachvuromvs  and 
iSmffiS^TS'  £  J. *'  ""lor;  •Collection  of  Mammals 
from  North  and  North- W  est  Australia.'  Dr  K  C'ollett  Verte- 
brate liilaontoloKy  in  South  America,  Notes  of  a  Kcccnt 
lour,  Mr  as  Woodward;  Distribution  of  Blaring 
Mammals.'  Mr.  P.  L  Selatcr 

United  Service  Institution.  3}  -"Ihc  Professional  Study  of 
Military  History,'  Col   L  Hale 

Meteorological  »V_-  Meteorological  Observations  in  1SJ7  and 
1M*,  ,    Mr    Q    J    Smuous. 

Ijitomological.  8. 

Brt^wi  Art,'.*~'Mufic  lu  England  at  the  Queens  Acces- 

sion.   Mr  J   S  Curwcn. 
linti-i,  Archttologlcal  Aaaoclatlon,  8 -•  The  Old  church  and 

(.lass  at  Mead.  Windermere,' Mrs  Collier ,  'Mead   and  Mead 

Vessels,   Mr.  H.  Syer  Cuming 
Microscopical,    8.  -  'On    the    Formation    and    Structure    or 

Dental    Enamel.'  Mr.   J.   L    WUllamai   'On    I    New   Method 

'"  "insuring  and  counting  Microscopic  Objects,    Mr.  A.  E. 

'  lt0,!al  ''V1""1'""-  3  -'Greek  History  and  Extant  Monuments  ' 

1  rof   P.  (iarduer. 
ltoyal.  I) 
Bmorieal,  s--Gorec,    a  Lost   Possession   ol  England;  Mr 

w .  Frewen  Lord. 
Numismatic,  7 
Llnncan,  G  -'Further  Observations  on  Stipules  '  Sir  .1    I  ul,. 

bock;   'ihe  Origin  of   Transfusion-Tissue  In  the  LMkYM  ul 
oipermout  Plant*,' Mr  w    c  WorsdeU 
Chemical    S.-' The  Atomic  Welxhi  ..1  Carbon'  and     A    Kn 

series  ..(  Mlacosulphates  ol  the  Vitriol  Group  '  Mr  \  Scotl 

J  l.c  Action  „|  Aikyi  Haloids  on  AJdoxlme*  and  Ketoxmios 

ucssrs  \\    k   OumtanandE  Gouldlng 
KtU  Bnglneer.,  a-'Baoteri gj,-  Dr.  O,   suns   woodhcad 

(liltli  '•  James  Formrt  "Lcctuie  ) 


'In  1  as 


'.  Ni»ii  u>  td 

*."J    mV,,','   "    '■  -.a.el^JSt 

■  •■    ■    »..  1  K»*r,       ||,    {       1|  *^  ■■■■ 

K    >1     I  i.<>tiipa-<»a  r    **      ^" 

liSJSfiSr'  3-'1J<lU'-al'  "0  Wectrtcal  Vibrauo...- 


FINE    ARTS 


Ford  Maioz  JJroicn  :  a  Record  of  hit  Life  and 
Work.  By  P.  M.  Hueffex.  IUustrated. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) 

(Ssecoiid  and  Couciuliug  Notice.) 

Natlhally  a  work  compiled  as  this  is 
from  the  personal  recollections  and  memo- 
randa of  an  artist  who  had  friends  among 
all  classes,  and  had  gone  through  many 
experiences,  must  abound  in  personal 
anecdotes  told  in  Brown's  characteristic 
vein,  which  was  not  always  so  good- 
humoured,  nor  even  so  charitable,  as  one 
could  wish,  but  never  failed  to  convey 
an  idea  of  the  sincerity,  vigour,  and 
originality  of  the  man.  It 'puts  before  the 
reader  Brown's  sentiments  towards  Eos- 
setti  and  many  of  his  friends,  excepting 
Millais,  who,  indeed,  stood  somewhat  more 
apart  from  him  than  any  other  of  the  set. 
In  this  crowd  two  or  three  figures  are  partly 
revealed  of  whom  the  present  generation 
neither  knows  nor  is  likely  to  know  much, 
although  the  work  of  their  lives  was  by 
no  means  inconsiderable,  nor  without  an 
influence  upon  those  about  them  and  their 
successors. 

It  is  right  to  say  that  (despite  sundry 
lapses  from  good  taste,  from  which,  doubt- 
less, closer  acquaintance  with  his  grand- 
father would  have  saved  him)  Mr.  Hueffer 
has,  on  the  whole,  treated  the  more  diffi- 
cult and  delicate  parts  of  his  subject 
remarkably  cleverly;  at  any  rate,  he 
shows  spirit  and  a  sense  of  humour 
which  is  refreshing.  His  task  must  have 
been  all  the  more  onerous  because  he 
could  not  be  expected  to  possess  any  direct 
and  personal  knowledge  of  the  most 
interesting  and  most  important  part  of 
Madox  Brown's  career,  and  this  has  doubt- 
less been  the  cause  of  that  unreasonable 
prolixity  to  which  we  have  already 
referred.  A  number  of  trivial  letters  are 
printed  at  length,  although  all  that  is  of  any 
value  in  them  might  have  been  incorporated 
in  a  few  words  of  summary.  Thanks,  how- 
ever, to  the  abundance  of  the  materials  in 
his  possession,  Mr.  Hueffer  has  safely  navi- 
gated his  bark  over  those  quicksands  on 
which  Mrs.  Esther  Wood  ran  aground  when 
she  took  it  into  her  head  to  write  about 
Dante  Eossetti.  For  instance,  he  is  right 
in  saying  that  Ere-Eaphaelitism  had  nothing 
whatever  in  common  with  the  "Catholic  art  " 
which  at  Munich  and  Eome  was  fostered 
by  Overbeck.  Indeed,  with  this  curious  re- 
vival the  English  Brotherhood  had  so  little 
to  do  that  it  is  safe  to  say  that  not  more 
than  two  of  the  seven  brethren  had  real 
knowledge  of  it.  It  was  Collinson's  con- 
nexion with  the  Church  of  Eome  that  led 
to  this  error.  But  our  biographer  is  wrong 
in  accepting  Brown's  idea  that  the  F-E.B. 
was  founded  in  the  "  winter  of  1848-9," 
against  Mr.  W.  M.  Eossetti's  statements 
assigning  that  event  to  September,  1848. 
The  latter  is  unquestionably  right,  and  the 
date  fixes  the  point  when  Ero-Eaphaelitism 
crystallized,  that  is,  when  Mr.  W.  M.  Eossetti's 


N°3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


353 


duties  as  secretary  to  the  society  began.  Its 
tenets,  such  as  they  were,  had,  of  course, 
been  discussed  informally  for  some  time. 
Mr.  Hueffer,  again,  is  "inclined  to  believe 
that  Madox  Brown  was  never  asked  to 
become  a  P-K.B."  The  fact  is  that  he 
was  never  formally  invited,  but  the  names 
of  those  who  sounded  him,  and  to  whom  he 
replied  that  he  could  not  accept  one  of  the 
short-lived  canons  of  the  society  as  it  then 
existed,  are  at  Mr.  Hueffer's  service.  Much 
the  same  thing  happened  with  Deverell.  He 
was  never  elected,  and  a  ride  was  passed 
forbidding  all  invitations  of  the  kind  in 
future.  Two  of  the  three  reasons  which  Mr. 
Hueffer  adduces  against  those  who  assert 
that  Brown  was  invited  to  become  a 
P-B.B.  are  absurd.  Of  course,  in  his 
'  Holman  Hunt,  a  Memoir,'  printed  in 
1860,  Mr.  Stephens  regarded  Madox 
Brown  as  outside  the  movement.  What 
else  could  he  do  ?  And  where  is  the 
discrepancy  Mr.  Hueffer  has  discovered 
between  this  view  and  the  same  writer's 
statement  in  the  Portfolio  of  1893  that 
Brown,  being  invited,  declined  to  join 
the  body?  Finally,  a  letter  from  Brown, 
now  lying  before  us,  distinctly  states 
that  what  the  Portfolio  said  concerning 
his  relations  with  Bossetti  and  his  com- 
panions is  strictly  correct. 

What  Mr.  Hueffer  says  about  the  canon 

mentioned  above,  "  that  a  model  should  be 

painted  exactly,  hair  for  hair,"  shows  that 

he  has  not  fairly  weighed  the  phrase,  which 

is  not  discredited  by  the  instances  in  Bos- 

setti's      and    Millais's     practice     that     he 

quotes   to   the   contrary.     Surely  it  is  one 

thing  to  lay  down  a  canon  and  another  to 

follow  it  invariably.     Nevertheless,    it  was 

to    a    more   than    sufficient    adherence    to 

the    dictum    that    the   world    owed    what 

was    at    the    time   the    most   faithful   and 

unflinching  likeness  of  Bossetti  in  existence 

— we    mean    the   head   of   Bienzi  in    Mr. 

Holman     Hunt's     famous     picture ;      and 

to     it     is    duo     the     fidelity    of    Millais's 

head    of     Ferdinand    to    his    model,    and 

the     thorough     verisimilitude    of    all     the 

heads  in  his  '  Lorenzo  and  Isabella.'     That 

Bossetti  altered    the  colour  of   his  sister's 

hair  when  she  sat  to  him  for   the  Virgin 

in     the     picture     now     in     the     National 

Gallery     is     to     a     great     extent     true  ; 

but   no   one,   till    now,   supposed    that   he 

meant    the    lovely    head    to    be    anything 

else  than  a  highly  spiritualized  ideal,  "not 

a   portrait   of  Christina   Bossetti,"   as   Mr. 

Hueffer  calls  it.  The  queer  little  girl  Millais 

painted   in   his  well-known   illustration   of 

Patmore's    '  Woodman's    Daughter '    is    a 

striking,  if  not  happy  example  of  what  was 

then  meant  by  "  sticking  to  your  model." 

In  another  point  of  some  importance  Mr. 
Hueffer's  book  is  incomplete  —  we  moan 
as  regards  Brown's  influenco  upon  the 
Pre-Baphaelites,  which  was  undoubtedly 
considerable,  especially  upon  Bossetti.  In 
our  obituary  notice  of  Brown  (Athen., 
October  1  1th,  1893,  p.  527)  we  spoke  of  this. 
*  Wickliff  reading  his  Translation  of  the  Bible 
to  John  of  Gaunt'  greatly  impressed  Bossetti. 
It  brought  him  into  personal  contact 
with  Brown,  and  led  to  an  appeal  to  his 
senior  for  instruction  in  technique  —  an 
appeal  made  in  tho  almost  boyish  letter 
which  -Mr.  Hueffer  quotes.  The  story  has 
been   often   repeated    that   Brown  —  unac- 


customed   to    such     enthusiastic     praise — 
thought     the     letter    must     be     a     piece 
of  "chaff"  on   the   part   of   an   Academy 
student,  such  as  Bossetti  declared  himself 
to   be,   and   armed   himself    with   a    thick 
stick,  which,  if  need  be,  he  intended  to  em- 
ploy when,  by  way  of  reply  to  the  letter,  he 
went  to  Charlotte  Street.    In  connexion  with 
this  visit  Mr.  Hueffer  introduces  his  readers 
to  Brown's  long  -  maintained  and,  it  must 
be  admitted,  somewhat   wrong  -  headed  an- 
tagonism    to     the     Boyal     Academy.      It 
assumed  a  great  place  in    Brown's   mind, 
and  took  a  morbid   form   that  injured  his 
relations    with    other     men.      He     came, 
in    fact,   to  believe  that  the  Academicians 
rejected  his  pictures  when  they  could,  and 
when    that    was     impossible    hung    them 
badly.      To   have   reason    to   complain    of 
want    of    appreciation    is,    after    all,    the 
common   fate    of    innovators ;    but   Brown 
had  more  than  that  to  complain  of,  and  it 
cannot  be  denied  that  his  best  works  deserved 
better  treatment  than  they  received.    Yet  at 
the  same  time  let  us  remember  that,  apart 
from  Westminster   Hall,  Brown   exhibited 
sixteen  pictures  before  the  London  public, 
and  that  of  these,  six  found  places  at  the 
Academy,  including  the  "gigantic  picture," 
as  Mr.  Hueffer  calls  it,  "  of  Chaucer  at  the 
Court  of  Edward  III.,"  to  which  the  Aca- 
demicians allotted  a  large  space  on  the  walls 
in   Trafalgar   Square.     It   was   hung  in  a 
fairly  good  light  and  a   prominent   place ; 
it    was,    too,    by  far    the    largest    picture 
at  the  Academy  in  1851,  and  there  was  no 
chance  that  any  visitor  entering  the  Middle 
Boom  could  overlook  it. 

'  Christ  washes  Peter's  Feet '  is  the  best 
painting  Brown  sent  to  Trafalgar  Square, 
and  he  bitterly  resented  the  treatment  it 
received  ;  his  version  of  the  facts  has  been 
widely  circulated,  much  talked  about,  and 
much  misrepresented.    Mr.  Hueffer  says  : — 

"The  same  year  saw  the  exhibition  at  the 
Academy  of  the  '  Christ  and  Peter '  and  the 
1  Pretty  Baa  Lambs.'  The  skying  of  the  pic- 
tures and  the  reception  awarded  to  them  by 
the  semi-official  press  proved  so  exasperating  to 
Madox  Brown  as  to  bring  about  not  only  the 
scene  with  Grant,  but  tho  decision  never  to 
exhibit  again  at  the  Academy." 

But  so  far  was  '  Christ  and  Peter ' 
from  being  "  skied,"  that  it  hung  on 
what  is  sometimes  called  an  "accommodated 
line,"  i.e.,  so  that  its  lower  margin  was  not 
more  than  six  feet  from  the  floor  of  the 
West  Boom,  the  room  in  which  Millais's  '  A 
Huguenot '  and  '  Ophelia,'  Mr.  Watts's  por- 
trait of  Sir  Henry  Taylor,  and  Mr.  Holman 
Hunt's  '  Hireling  Shepherd '  were  hung. 
Neither  was  '  The  Pretty  Baa  Lambs,'  a 
small  and,  as  Mr.  Hueffer  truly  says,  "  not 
singularly  attractive  picture,"  "skied"; 
it  hung  in  the  Octagon  Boom  in  a  fairly 
good  light  and  on  the  lowost  line,  about 
two  feet  from  the  floor,  and  close  to  the 
jamb  of  the  door.  Wo  know  nothing  about 
the  misdeeds  of  tho  "  semi-official  press  " 
if  such  a  press  existed.  If  anything  was 
needod  to  confirm  our  recollection  of  the 
place  allotted  to  '  Christ  and  Peter,'  which 
Mr.  Hueffer  (p.  85)  says  "hung  noxt  the 
ceiling,"  it  is  "the  scene  with  Grant."  As 
to  this  wo  have  the  authority  of  a  distin- 
guished and  still  living  oar-  and  oyo-witness, 
who  says  that  on  tho  Academicians'  var- 
nishing day  somo  wet  paint  or  oil  fell  on 


'  Christ  and  Peter '  from  above,  while  another 
picture  was  being  operated  on.  "On  the 
morning  after,  when  the  outsiders  came  to 
touch  up,"  he  adds, 

"  Sir  Francis  Grant  walked  up  to  Brown  in  front 
of  the  picture  and  told  him  of  the  accident,  and 
how  it  had  been  immediately  rectified,  the 
picture  being  well  dry,  and  that  it  was  cleansed 
at  once,  and  no  harm  done,  and  he  [Grant]  very 
nicely  apologized,  as  he  well  could  do,  for  the 
mishap.  Brown  listened  to  the  end,  and  then 
suddenly,  without  a  word,  turned  about  and 
presented  his  back  to  Grant  "  ! 

This  fully  proves  that  the  picture  was  not 
skied,  and  it  seems  to  suggest  that  a  work 
of  some  member  of  the  Academy  hung 
higher,  so  that  his  oil  or  paint  fell  upon 
'  Christ  and  Peter.'  It  seems,  too,  that 
part  of  Grant's  motive  in  addressing  Brown 
was  to  congratulate  him  on  the  merits  of 
his  work.  Of  course,  had  the  picture 
been  "  skied  "  this  was  about  the  last  thing 
Sir  Francis  would  have  ventured  to  do. 
So  far  was  Brown  from  never  sending  again 
to  the  Academy  that  in  the  very  next  year 
his  '  Waiting '  (otherwise  called  '  An  Eng- 
lish Fireside')  was  No.  557  in  Trafalgar 
Square.  It  hung  within  a  foot  or  two  of 
Mr.  Holman  Hunt's  'New  College  Cloisters.' 
What,  therefore,  does  our  author  mean  by 
saying,  "  Madox  Brown  sent  no  more  pictures 
to  the  Academy,  and  saw  Academic  hands  in 
every  misfortune  or  check  that  he  experi- 
enced throughout  the  rest  of  his  life"? 
It  is  a  pity  Mr.  Hueffer  did  not  ascertain 
the  facts  before  he  wrote  this.  A  little  later 
he  remarks : — 

"  The  fact  that  Madox  Brown  was  one  of  the 
Iconoclasts  was  sufficiently  evident  on  the  faces 
of  his  canvases.  There  seemed  to  be  no  chance 
of  his  returning  to  the  flock  of  Academic  lambs." 

Certainly  Brown  was  but  a  timid  Icono- 
clast compared  with  the  P-B.B.  of  those 
days,  and  yet  the  same  exhibition  (1852) 
which  contained  '  Christ  and  Peter '  was 
enriched  with  Millais's  '  Mrs.  Coventry  Pat- 


more,'  '  A  Huguenot,'  and  'Ophelia';  Mr. 
Hunt's  'Hireling Shepherd';  W.  S.  Burton's 
'  The  Puritan  '  and  two  others  ;  Mr.  Arthur 
Hughes's  '  Ophelia  '  ;  Charles  Collins's 
'May,'  'Convent  Thoughts,'  and  'St. 
Elizabeth  of  Hungary' ;  and  works  by  Mark 
Anthony,  T.  Seddon,  J.  S.  Clifton,  J.  W. 
Inchbold,  and  W.  Cave  Thomas.  The  first 
five  of  these  had  places  on  the  line ;  and 
the  next  year  Millais  was  elected  an  Asso- 
ciate, on  account  of  his  works  of  1852. 
The  fact  is  that,  despite  his  extraordinary 
vigour,  frequent  generosity,  and  heroic  devo- 
tion to  his  art,  Brown,  to  whom,  of  course, 
are  due  most  of  the  allegations  we  find  in 
this  volume,  was  much  too  ready  to  think 
that  whoever  disagreed  with  him  was  his 
enemy.  And  yet  in  very  many  cases  it  was 
not  the  malice,  but  the  stupidity,  of  his 
"enemies"  which  offended  him,  and  Mr. 
Hueffer  has  a  tolerably  correct  notion  of 
this.  He  is  quito  right  when  he  says  of  his 
grandfather :  — 

"  Of  officials,  and  particularly  of  Boyal  Aca- 
demicians, he  was  profoundly  distrustful,  but  a 
great  proportion  of  his  <|iiito  preposterous  pre- 
judices were,  as  lie  was  well  enough  aware,  tho 
mere  emanation  of  persistent  wrong-headed- 
ness." 

To  conclude,  we  may  remark  that  tho 
"Leward"  of  pp.  120  and  121  should  bo 
Luard,  i.e.,  John  Luard,  a  clover  painter 
and  dear  friend  of  Millais.     Millais's  '  Syr 


354 


T  II  E     ATHENAEUM 


N°3620,  Mabch  18,  '97 


[sumbrs  •  was  aol  ..'  the  Academy  in 
1858,  at  Mr.  Buefler  thin]  ,  To  thi  List  ho 
prints  of  subscribers  to  the  fund,  with  a 
remnant  of  which  'Christ  and  Peter1  was 

bought    for   tlic  National   Gallery,   ho  ought 

to  Lave  added  the  names  of  Loighton  and 

Annitage.  The  giving  of  tho  cartoon  to 
tho  gallery  at  Camber  well  ouglit  also  to 
have  been  mentioned  In  this  connexion. 


SALE. 

|f maim,  Ciikistik,  MAMSOB  &  Woods  sold  on 
the  6th  inst.  the  following  pictures,  from  the 
Oondover  Ball  and  other  collections:  Anony- 
mous, Portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  141/.  Sir 
T.  Lawrence,  Miss  Farren,  Countess  of  Derby, 
2, 415/.  (i.  F.  Watts,  Paolo  and  Francesca, 
294/.  J.  D.  do  Heem,  A  Plate  of  Oysters, 
Fruit,  and  Glass  of  Wine,  315/.  Lucas  do 
Heere,  Queen  Mary,  105/.  Mabuse,  Portrait 
of  a  Gentleman,  483/.  Jan  Van  der  Meer  (of 
Haarlem),  An  Extensive  Bird's-Eye  View  over 
a  Landscape,  840/.  D.  Mytens,  Portrait  of  a 
Young  Girl,  110/.  Sir  Antonio  More,  Portrait 
of  La  Belle  Isabel,  daughter  of  Henry  II.  of 
France,  556/.  Pantoja  de  la  Cruz,  The  Infanta 
Maria  Theresa,  12GZ.  Velazquez,  The  Back 
Door  of  a  House,  with  a  peacock  and  dead  game 
above,  1,407/.;  Portrait  of  a  Spanish  Princess, 
273/.;  Portrait  of  the  Duke  of  Medina,  bust, 
399/.  G.  Bellini,  Portrait  of  a  Gentleman,  126/. 
A.  Borgognone,  The  Madonna,  with  the  Infant 
Saviour  seated  on  a  ledge  before  her,  157/.  A. 
Bronzino,  Portrait  of  a  Lady,  141/.  Jacopo  da 
Empoli,  Portrait  of  a  Young  Lady,  336/.  Gior- 
gione,  The  Resurrection,  110/.  G.  B.  Moroni, 
Portrait  of  a  Youth,  100/.  ;  Portrait  of  a  Lady 
and  Child,  257/.  Palma  Vecchio,  The  Repose  of 
the  Holy  Family  in  Egypt,  168/.  Venetian 
School,  A  Senator,  in  crimson  robe,  199/. 
Leonardo  da  Vinci,  The  Madonna  and  Infant 
Christ,  seated  in  a  rocky  cavern,  105/.  Ludovico 
Mazzolini  di  Ferrara,  The  Passage  of  the  Red 
Sea  by  Pharaoh  and  his  Host,  105/.  Sir  J.  Rey- 
nolds, Mrs.  Robinson  (Perdita),  126/.  F.  Guardi, 
A  View  of  the  Doge's  Palace  and  the  Piazzetta 
of  St.  Mark's,  635/.  Watteau,  Fetes  Champetres 
(a  pair),  152/.  Titian,  The  Repose  of  the  Holy 
Family,  131/.  F.  Boucher,  Hymen  and  L'Amour, 
152/.  Jan  Steen,  The  Sick  Lady,  204/.  Andrea 
del  Sarto,  Carita,  141/.  Orcagna,  The  Madonna 
and  Child,  199/.  Andrea  Verrocchio,  Two  Saints, 
204/.  Cosimo  Roselli,  A  Triumphal  Procession 
of  Vanity,  199/.  Marco  d'Oggione,  Two  Angels, 
157/. 


The  private  view  of  the  exhibition  of  the 
Institute  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours  being 
appointed  for  yesterday  (Friday),  the  public  is, 
according  to  the  custom  of  the  society,  admitted 
to  the  galleries  to-day.— Messrs.  Clifford  &  Co. 
have  on  view  at  21,  Haymarket  drawings  of 
"Country  and  Cottage  Life,"  by  Miss  (or  Mrs.) 
A.  Nordgren.  — At  theGoupil  Gallery,  5,  Regent 
Street,  may  be  Been  a  collection  of  selected 
works  by  lleer  J.  Maris. — Messrs.  Cassell  & 
Co.  exhibit  at  Stationers'  Hall,  Ludgate  Hill, 
a  collection  of  original  designs  for  pictorial 
posters. 

The  second  and  final  portion  of  the  Greek 
series  of  coins  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  Hyman 
Montagu,  together  with  a  small  series  of  Roman 
silver  and  bronze  coins  and  medallions,  will 
occupy  Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge 
five  days  from  Monday  next.  This  portion  is  far 
less  important  than  the  earlier,  yet  it  contains 
objects  of  more  than  ordinary  interest.  The 
more  notable  are  the  didrachm  of  Naxos  by 
Procles;  thedocadrachmof  Syracuse,  a  very  tine 
medallion  ;  a  very  fine  specimen  of  the  tetra- 
drachm  of  the  first  issue  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
of  which  only  two  others  are  believed  to  exist 
(one  in  the  Bibliothequo  Nationale  and  the  other 


at   the   British  M useum)  ;  the  extremely 
tetrsdrschm  of  lAoedasmon  ;  and  a  tatrsdrachna 
of  Tripolis  circa  s.u.  BOO.    The  Roman  s. 

includes  some  Unpublished  examples.  Mr.  .Mon- 
tagu's collection  is  nearingitsoompletedispi 
for  Messrs.  Sotheby  will  sell  tho  English  medals 
in  May  next,  and  a  few  weeks  later  the  series 
of  English  copper  coins  and  patterns,  finishing 
up  in  November  with  the  reserved  portion  of 
the  English  series.  The  five  autotype  plates  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  portion  to  be  sold  next 
week  excellently  represent  some  of  the  choicer 
specimens. 

The  exhibition  of  Mr.  Watts 's  pictures  in  the 
New  Gallery  will  be  closed  on  the  10th  of  April 
next,  and  the  ordinary  general  exhibition  in  the 
same  place  will  be  opened  about  a  fortnight 
later. 

The  Princess  of  Wales  has  consented  to 
become  President  of  the  Royal  Amateur  Society. 
Its  loan  exhibition,  on  behalf  of  the  Parochial 
Mission  Women's  Fund  of  the  East  London 
Nursing  Charities,  will  this  year  consist  of  por- 
traits by  Count  D'Orsay,  A.  E.  Chalon,  R.A., 
old  English  enamels — Battersea,  Bilston,  &c. — 
and  marcasite  jewellery.  Any  one  willing  to 
lend  any  of  the  above  would  oblige  by  com- 
municating with  Lady  Stephenson,  46,  Ennis- 
more  Gardens,  S.W. 

Mr.  Batsford's  spring  announcements  are  : 
'Later  Renaissance  Architecture  in  England,' 
by  Messrs.  Belcher  and  Macartney, — '  Windows  : 
a  Book  about  Stained  and  Painted  Glass,'  by 
Mr.  Lewis  F.  Day,  fully  illustrated, —  a  fac- 
simile reproduction  of  Hepplewhite's  '  Cabinet- 
Maker  and  Upholsterer's  Guide,' — 'Examples 
of  Greek  and  Pompeian  Decorative  Work,'  by 
Mr.  J.  C.  Watts, —  'Plastering,  Plain  and 
Decorative,  a  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Art  and 
Craft  of  Plastering,'  by  Mr.  W.  Millar, — also 
'  A  Text-Book  on  Sanitary  Engineering,'  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  Moore. 

The  decease  of  Canon  Scott  Robertson,  the 
well  -  known  antiquary,  who  for  many  years 
edited  Arclueologia  Cantiana,  is  announced. 
He  wrote  a  '  History  of  the  Crypt  of  Canterbury 
Cathedral,'  'Gleanings  from  the  Annals  of 
Folkestone,'  and  monographs  on  Strood, 
Cobhain  Hall,  '  Church  Plate  in  Kent,'  &c. 

The  Count  of  Aquila,  brother  of  the  late 
King  of  Naples,  who  was  an  occasional  exhibitor 
of  sea  pieces  at  the  Salons,  died  lately  in  Paris, 
aged  seventy-three  years. 

The  French  journals  record  the  death  last 
week  of  M.  Charles  Henri  Pille,  born  at 
Essommes  (Aisne)  in  1845.  He  became  a  pupil 
of  Felix  Barrias,  and,  beginning  as  a  painter  of 
anecdotic  genre  and  historical  subjects,  achieved 
considerable  reputation  by  'Fre'de'ric  de  Saxe 
jouant  aux  Echecs  pendant  que  le  Due  d'Albe 
lui  annonce  sa  Condamnation  a  Mort';  and 
'L'Automne,'  which  we  admired  while  reviewing 
the  Salon  of  1872.  'L'Entrevue  du  Matin' 
of  1876  (again  exhibited  in  1878)  consider- 
ably enhanced  his  reputation.  Pille  obtained 
his  first  medal  in  1869,  a  Second  Class  Medal 
in  1872,  the  Legion  of  Honour  in  1882,  and  a 
Gold  Medal  at  the  Exhibition  of  1889.  In 
1896  he  contributed  to  the  Salon  '  Le  12  Mai, 
1588,'  and  'Portrait  du  Docteur  M.  Laffont.' 
He  was  well  known  as  a  painter  of  portraits, 
and  still  better  as  a  designer  of  book  illustra- 
tions. 


MUSIC 


Dictionary  of  Music.    By  Dr.  Ilugo  Riemann. 

Now  Edition,  with  many  Additions  by  the 

Author.      Translated  by  J.  S.  Shedlock. 

(Au goner  &  Co.) 

Tins  dictionary  of   music,  which  was  first 

published    in    1882,  has   long  been  highly 

esteemed  by  musicians,  and  Messrs.  Augener 


are  to  be  commended  for  securing  Mr. 
shedlock's    services     as     translator. 

rgo  Grove's  dictionary  of  the  art  is 
unfortunately  too  costly  a  work  to  be  within 
the  reach  of  many  students  and  others  to 
whom  a  work  of  reference  is  necessary.  The 
present  issue  of  Dr.  Kiemann's  compilation 
may,  therefore,  be  said  to  supply  a  wide- 
spread requirement.  One  of  the  most 
important  factors  of  a  dictionary  is  trust- 
worthiness, and  in  this  respect  the  volume 
attains  a  very  high  standard.  The  original 
edition  not  only  seems  to  have  been  care- 
fully revised,  but  also  has  received  several 
additions  which  greatly  increase  its  value. 
Sundry  mistakes  have  crept  in,  but  all  these 
appear  to  have  been  corrected  in  the 
brief  appendix.  The  sins  of  omission 
are,  indeed,  greater  than  those  of  com- 
mission. We  look  in  vain  for  the  name  of 
Bruneau,  who  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
French  composers  of  to-day.  No  mention 
is  made  of  Frederick  Cliffe,  Edward  German, 
Lee  Williams,  and  several  other  English 
musicians  whose  compositions  and  reputa- 
tion certainly  entitle  them  to  a  place  amongst 
the  "  additions."  Sefior  Arbos  is  also 
omitted ;  and  amongst  Russian  musicians 
should  certainly  have  been  included  Mous- 
sorgsky  and  Glazounoff.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  find  interesting  paragraphs  con- 
cerning John  Walker  and  Joseph  Casper 
Walker,  who  are  omitted  in  Grove's  dic- 
tionary. Another  name  not  to  be  found  in 
Grove's  work  is  Andries  Werckmeister,  a 
celebrated  organist  and  theorist  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  whose  writings  include 
a  treatise  on  equal  temperament.  A  number 
of  living  American  composers  are  also  men- 
tioned. Dr.  Riemann' s  peculiar  system  of 
harmony  makes  the  articles  on  this  subject 
somewhat  hard  reading,  and  the  translator's 
manifest  desire  to  give  the  exact  meaning 
of  the  German  has  sometimes  led  to 
the  English  text  being  stiff  and  turgid. 
Amongst  the  most  noteworthy  articles  is  an 
admirable  summary  of  the  history  of  the 
art  from  the  earliest  times,  so  arranged  in 
columns  that  an  excellent  bird's-eye  view  is 
presented  of  its  progress  and  development. 
The  notices  of  important  composers  are 
excellent,  and,  considering  the  size  of  the 
dictionary,  the  lists  of  their  works  are 
remarkably  complete.  The  criticism  of 
Mascagni  is  certainly  severe,  but  in  the 
majority  of  instances  the  remarks  on  the 
work  of  the  great  composers  are  admirable. 
Most  musicians  will  agTee,  for  instance, 
that 

"  Brahms  depicts  moods  in  a  masterful 
manner  ;  not  only  has  he  at  his  command,  and 
more  so  than  any  of  his  contemporaries,  the 
strikingly  sombre  tone,  the  particular  feature 
of  the  serious  art  of  to-day,  but,  equally  so,  the 
redeeming  euphony,  the  mild  reflection  of  un- 
dying light,  which  fills  the  soul  with  peace  and 
devout  feeling." 

Again,  in  regard  to  Berlioz  it  is  said  that 
the  French  composer 

"  materially  helped  to  remove  many  prejudices, 
but  the  greatest  service  that  he  rendered  was 
to  enrich  the  orchestra  with  new  effects  and  to 
suggest  entirely  new  treatment  of  the  same." 

The  life-work  of  Franz  Liszt  is  admirably 
summarized,  and  his  influence  on  the  de- 
velopment of  musical  form  duly  acknow- 
ledged. Some  six  columns  are  devoted  to 
Wagner,  and  they  may  be  profitably  read 


N°3620,  March  13,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


355 


by  all.  Wagner's  writings  are  divided  into 
three  classes  : — 

"  The  period  of  learning,  in  which  he  wrote 
withoutpronounced  independence  and  originality 
(up  to  and  including  '  Rienzi ')  ;  the  period  of 
fresh,  happy  creation,  in  which  he  did  not  allow 
his  musical  forms  to  be  influenced  by  reflection 
('Der  Fliegende  Hollander,'  'Tannhauser,' 
•  Lohengrin  ')  ;  and  the  period  of  his  logical 
carrying  out  of  his  ideas  of  reform  ('  Tristan 
und  Isolde,'  'Die  Meistersinger,'  'Der  Ring 
des  Nibelungen,'  and  '  Parsifal ').  By  this  it  is 
not  meant  that  the  music  of  his  third  period  is 
of  less  value  than  that  of  the  second  ;  on  the 
contrary,  so  far  as  intensity  of  expression, 
wealth  of  harmony,  characteristic  rhythm,  and 
refinement  in  orchestration  are  concerned,  it  is 
immeasurably  superior  to  the  former  ;  but  it  has 
almost  entirely  lost  the  capability  of  producing 
effect  away  from  the  stage,  as  absolute  music. 
Some  few  numbers,  true  masterpieces  of  melodic 
formation  (the  '  Preislied '  in  the  '  Meister- 
singer,' the  '  Liebeslied  '  in  the  '  Walkiire '), 
must  be  regarded  as  exceptions.  In  this,  how- 
ever, Wagner  only  achieved  what  he  desired  ; 
his  music  was  not  intended  to  produce  effect 
per  se,  but  only  in  union  with  poetry  and  scenic 
effects." 

From  these  quotations  it  will  be  gathered 
that  the  dictionary  has  an  artistic  value  in 
addition  to  its  claims  as  a  work  of  reference. 
English  musicians  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude 
to  Mr.  Shedlock  for  the  conscientious  and 
painstaking  manner  in  which  he  has  carried 
out  his  exacting  task. 


THE  WEEK. 


Crystal  Palace.— Saturday  Concerts. 
St.  Jamks's  Hall. — Popular  Concerts. 
Highbury  Athen/EUM. — Highbury  Philharmonic  Society. 

The  German  composer  Herr  Richard 
Strauss  is  unquestionably  clever,  and  it  is 
unfortunate  that  he  should  have  a  predilec- 
tion for  illustrating  morbid  and  unpleasant 
subjects  in  his  music.  There  is  no  great 
harm  in  his  humorous  rhapsodical  piece 
'  Till  EulenspiegePs  Merry  Pranks.'  It 
may  be  silly ;  just  worth  a  smile  and  no 
more.  Condemnation,  however,  must  be 
pronounced  on  the  far  more  elaborate  work 
performed  for  the  first,  and,  we  fervently 
hope  and  believe,  for  the  only  time  at  the 
Crystal  Palace  last  Saturday  afternoon. 
This  is  founded  on  F.  Nietzsche's  fantastic 
prose  poem  '  Thus  spake  Zarathustra :  a 
Book  for  All  or  None.'  We  should  say  for 
none,  at  any  rate  in  this  country.  The  book 
is  painfully  pessimistic  in  character,  as  the 
following  quotation  will  show  : — 

*'  I  teach  you  beyond-man.  Man  is  a  some- 
thing that  shall  be  surpassed.  What  have  ye 
done  to  surpass  him  ?  Beyond-man  is  the 
significance  of  earth.  Your  will  shall  say  : 
Beyond-man  shall  be  the  significance  of  earth. 
I  conjure  you,  my  brethren,  remain  faithful  to 
earth,  and  do  not  believe  those  who  speak  unto 
you  of  super-terrestrial  hopes  !  Poisoners  they 
are,  whether  they  know  it  or  not.  Man  is  a  rope 

connecting   animal  and   beyond-man I  love 

those  who  do  not  seek  behind  the  stars  for  a 
reason  to  perish  and  be  sacrificed,  but  who  sacri- 
fice themselves  to  earth  in  order  that  earth  may 
some  day  become  beyond-man 's." 
To  the  ordinary  reader  this  would  seem 
arrant  nonsense,  but  Herr  Richard  Strauss 
apparently  thought  it  an  appropriate  theme 
for  the  exercise  of  his  ability  as  a  musician. 
"C.  A.  B.,"  in  his  masterly  analytical  notice 
of  the  literary  and  musical  aspects  of  the 
work,  says  : — 

"  It  may  he  surmised  that  Strauss  was  led  to 
this   adoption    of     Zarathustra   as    a     suitable 


subject  for  musical  illustration  by  a  perusal  of 
Nietzsche's  work,  and  that  on  undertaking  the 
task  it  was  not  his  aim  to  glorify  Nietzsche's 
heretical  and  anti-Christian  doctrines,  but  on 
the  contrary  to  refute  and  counteract  them." 

This  may  well  be,  but,  at  any  rate,  it  did 
not  prevent  the  "tone-poem"  from  being 
received  with  significant  signs  of  disappro- 
bation, in  spite  of  the  ponderous  orchestra- 
tion, which  included  an  organ  and  a  deep- 
toned  bell.  When  Mr.  Manns  returned  to  the 
platform  he  was  received  with  loud  applause, 
showing  that  the  dissentient  voices  were  not 
intended  to  apply  to  him,  for  he  had  only 
done  his  duty  in  bringing  before  the  Eng- 
lish public  a  composition  by  a  musician 
from  whom  much  may  be  expected  of  value 
when  he  has  sown  his  wild  oats.  Haydn's 
Symphony  in  e  flat,  one  of  the  six  composed 
for  Paris  in  1786,  and  rarely  performed, 
though  quite  worthy  of  the  genial  composer; 
Schumann's  Pianoforte  Concerto,  neatly 
played  by  Mile.  Ilona  Eibenschutz ;  and 
Grieg's  'Peer  Gynt'  Suite,  No.  1,  were 
included  in  the  programme.  The  vocalist 
was  Mr.  Plunket  Greene,  who  won  much 
applause  for  his  rendering  of  Purcell's  fine 
air  "Ye  twice  ten  hundred  Deities,"  and 
songs  by  Schubert  and  Hollander. 

Signor  Piatti  is  unfortunately  still  indis- 
posed, and  was  unable  to  appear  at  the 
Popular  Concerts  last  Saturday  and  Monday, 
Mr.  Paul  Ludwig  being  again  an  able  substi- 
tute. The  concerted  items  on  Saturday  were 
Mozart's  Quartet  in  g,  No.  1  of  the  set  dedi- 
cated to  Haydn,  and  Beethoven's  Pianoforte 
Trio  in  e  flat,  Op.  70,  No.  2.  Of  course  these 
familiar  works  require  no  comment,  nor 
does  their  performance  on  this  occasion,  as 
it  was  perfect.  Mr.  Leonard  Borwick  was 
the  pianist,  and  his  interpretation  of  Chopin's 
Fantasia  in  f  minor  was  very  praiseworthy. 
Herr  Joachim  furnished  two  solos  from 
his  own  pen,  the  expressive  and  dignified 
andante  from  the  Third  Violin  Concerto  in  o, 
which  had  not  been  heard  before  at  these 
concerts,  and  the  Romance  in  c.  Miss  Kate 
Lee  was  the  vocalist,  rendering  in  a  plea- 
sant manner  Lieder  by  Schubert,  Franz, 
and  Rubinstein. 

Monday's  programme  commenced  with 
Schumann's  lively  and  tuneful  Quartet  in  f, 
Op.  41,  No.  2,  dating  from  1842,  the  year 
in  which  nearly  all  Schumann's  masterpieces 
in  the  domain  of  chamber  music  were  written ; 
and  it  concluded  with  Beethoven's  splendid 
Sonata  in  c  minor,  Op.  30,  No.  2,  finely 
played  by  Mile.  Eibenschutz  and  Herr 
Joachim.  Mile.  Eibenschutz  might  have 
selected  some  more  appropriate  work  for 
her  solo  than  the  hackneyed  transcription 
of  Bach's  Organ  Prelude  and  Fugue  in  A 
minor,  for  which  pianists  seem  to  have 
a  positive  mania.  Mr.  Charles  Phillips,  a 
pleasant-voiced  baritone,  contributed  songs 
by  Handel  and  Jensen,  and  also  a  tasteful 
song,  "Like  to  the  damask  rose,"  by  Mr. 
Elgar. 

We  sincerely  trust  the  Highbury  Phil- 
harmonic Society  will  see  its  way  to  perform 
Mendelssohn's  '  Athalie '  (in  the  manner  in 
which  it  was  interpreted  last  Tuesday  even- 
ing) next  winter  in  one  of  tho  concert  halls 
in  Central  London,  for  tho  performance  was 
of  quite  unusual  interest.  Discarding  the 
ordinary  concert-room  version  of  Racine's 
Biblical  play  with  <>no  reciter,  Mr.  G.  H. 
Betjemann  restorod  a  quantity  of  Racine's 


original  dialogue,  and  engaged  several 
artists,  each  allotted  to  one  of  the  characters. 
The  principal  part  was  taken  by  Miss  Rose 
Dafforne  (Mrs.  G.  H.  Betjemann),  who  de- 
claimed it  admirably,  though  suffering  from 
a  severe  cold.  Mr.  Charles  Fry  was  very 
impressive  as  the  Jewish  High  Priest  Joad, 
this  being  the  hundredth  occasion  on 
which  he  has  recited  in  '  Athalie.'  The 
part  of  the  young  king  Joash  was  nicely 
spoken  by  Miss  Neill,  and  as  Mr.  Jacques 
says  in  his  preface  to  the  book  of  words, 
there  is  no  impropriety  in  this  course,  for 
in  the  Bible  it  is  said,  "Joash  was  seven 
years  old  when  he  began  to  reign."  The 
declamation  needed  for  the  delivery  of 
Racine's  eloquent  lines  found  able  ex- 
ponents in  the  other  reciters  engaged,  the 
principal  parts  (for  female  voices)  were  in 
competent  hands,  and  Mr.  Betjemann's 
chorus  and  orchestra  discharged  their  duties 
in  a  manner  beyond  reproach. 


There  will  be  a  festival  service  in  Salisbury 
Cathedral  early  in  June  to  commemorate  the 
1,300th  anniversary  of  the  baptism  of  the  Saxon 
King  Ethelbert  and  the  "Diamond"  year  of 
the  Queen's  reign.  The  musical  arrangements 
will  be  carried  out  by  the  Diocesan  Choral  Asso- 
ciation, and  will  be  on  a  large  scale. 

A  new  symphony  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Cowen  will 
be  produced  at  one  of  the  forthcoming  Richter 
Concerts,  most  probably  on  May  31st.  Mr. 
Cowen  is  also  composing  a  vocal  scena  with 
orchestral  accompaniment  for  the  Philharmonic 
Society.  The  title  of  the  piece  will  be  'The 
Dream  of  Endymion.' 

Beethoven's  Septet  was  well  rendered  at 
Herr  Theodore  Werner's  fourth  violin  recital 
on  Thursday  afternoon  last  week  by  competent 
artists.  Another  feature  of  the  programme  that 
may  be  mentioned  was  a  Violin  Sonata  by  Nar- 
dini,  a  gifted  pupil  of  Tartini.  It  is  in  d,  a  con- 
venient key  for  violinists,  and  is  an  extremely 
effective  example  of  the  old  violin  school.  It 
was  well  played  by  Herr  Werner. 

In  their  last  song  and  pianoforte  recital 
for  the  present  at  St.  James's  Hall,  on  Friday 
afternoon  last  week,  Messrs.  Plunket  Greene 
and  Leonard  Borwick  offered  an  admirable  pro- 
gramme. Both  in  selection  and  execution 
it  was  almost  faultless.  These  concerts  are 
entertaining  and  instructive,  and  they  should 
be  resumed  when  opportunity  permits,  as  the 
large  audiences  show  that  tho  public  can  now 
appreciate  something  higher  than  shop  songs 
and  flimsy  pianoforte  pieces. 

A  third  performance  in  oratorio  form  of 
Saint-Saens's  '  Samson  et  Dalila  '  was  given  by 
the  Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society  last  Saturday 
afternoon,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Randegger, 
and  the  work  continues  to  grow  on  the  hearer 
as  familiarity  with  its  beauties  increases.  The 
interpretation  was  the  best  of  tho  series,  and 
there  can  no  longer  be  any  question  that  tho 
work  has  established  itself  in  tho  favour  of 
metropolitan  amateurs. 

A  tasteful  '  Liebeslied '  for  orchestra  by 
Miss  Dora  Bright  was  performed  for  the  first 
time  at  the  Promenade  Concert  at  the  Queen's 
Hall  on  Saturday  evening  last  week,  and  proved 
to  bo  an  agreeable  and  well-scored  piece.  Tho 
principal  feature  of  tho  programme  was  Tschai- 
kowsky's  '  Symphonic  rathe'tique,'  which  was 
commendably  played  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
H.  J.  Wood.  There  were  Other  instrumental 
items  of  minor  importance  ;  and  the  solo  con- 
tributions by  Miss  Helen  Jaxon,  Mr.  Philip 
Brozel,  and  Mr.  Percy  Frostick  won  deserved 
favour. 


356 


Til  E     ATI!  ENJ5U  M 


N  W320,  March  13,  '97 


HlM  Amy  Hark,  irhotM  pianoforte  recital  on 
Tuom1.iv  .iftcriioon  fit  St.  JmbSB'i  BUI  kTM  will 

attended,  is  kb  Moompliahed  raeootent  with  ■ 

deliohte   touch   hikI   itjle.    she   was   periwpi 

■  little  overweighted  in  Bohnbert'i  'Wanderer1 
Ffintetia  in  c,  <>p  l">,  but  slu;  played  Haydn's 

■  Andante  eon  Variaaioni,'  Lin/.ts '  Rioordanza,1 

and  trilKs   by  Scarlatti  with   much  charm.      M. 

Johannea  \\"< >1  tr  was  naenrietod  with  Ifiei  Amy 

Han-   in  Grieg's  Sonata  in  0  minor,  Op.  45,  for 
pianoforte  and  violin. 

Tut:  afternoon  concert  which  took  place  under 
the  auspices  of  Heir  Robert  Hausmann  and  Miss 
Margaret  Wild  at  St.  Jamee'l  Hall  on  Thursday 
this  week  was  enjoyable,  and  there  was  a  large 
audience.  Two  sonatas  for  pianoforte  and  violon- 
cello—being those  in  W  by  Brahms  and  in  0  by 
Beethoven,  Op.  102,  No.  1,  both  works  being 
rarely  played  —  were  given  at  this  concert 
with  noteworthy  relinement  and  purity  of  in- 
tonation, if  not  with  great  power.  Mrs.  Speyer- 
Kufferath,  who  essayed  Littler  by  Schumann 
and  Brahms,  has  a  small  but  sweet  and  well- 
trained  voice. 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT   WEEK. 


St'M. 

Mom. 
Tvis. 


THVU! 

Fri. 
Sat. 


Orchestral  Concert.  8.30,  Queen's  Hall. 

National  Sunday  League.  '  Elijah,'  7.  Queen's  Hall. 

String  Quartet  Concert.  7  30  Queen's  Small  Hall. 

liohemian  string  Quartet,  3,  St  James's  Hall. 

Popular  Concert,  8.  St.  James's  Hall 

Musical  Artists' Society.  8,  St  Martin's  Town  Hall. 

Mr    Wiliem  Cocnen's  Pianoforte  Recital,  3,  Guildhall  School 

or  Music 
M   11   Kowalsky's  Fianoforte  Kecital.  3,  St  James's  Hall. 
Walcnn  Quartet  Concert.  8.  Queen's  Small  Hall 
Musical  Guild  Concert.  8.  Kensington  Town  Hall. 
Concert  for  the  Benefit  oil  Madame  Annie  Fowler,  8,  St  Martin's 

Town  Hall 
Wagner  Concert  under  Herr  Felix  Mottl,  8  IS,  Queen's  Hall 
Miss  Clara  lllackburne's  I'ianoforte  Kecital,  3,  Queen's  Small 

Hall 
St.  Patrick's  l>av  Irish  Concert.  7  30,  Queen's  Hall. 
St.  Patrick's  lav  Irish  Concert.  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
St    Patrick's  Day  Irish  Concert.  8,  Albert  Hall. 
Messrs  H  and  G.  Saint  George's  Concert,  8,  Trinity  College. 
Herr  Krousils  Concert.  3.  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
Mr.  Henschel's  Symphony  Concert,  8,  St.  James's  Hall. 
Queen's  Hall  Choral  Society,  8,  Berlioz's  '  Faust.' 
Herr  Theodore  Werner's  Violin  Kecital.  3,  St  James's  Hall. 
Miss  Ida  Aldrige's  Vocal  Kecital.  3  15.  Queen's  Small  Hall 
Koyal  College  of    Music   Orchestral   Concert,  8,  St.    James's 

Hall. 
Crystal  Palace  Concert,  3. 
Mozart  Society's  Concert,  3,  No.  20,  George  Street,  Hanoyer 

Square 
Popular  Concert,  3.  St  James's  Hall 
Mr  Ernest  Meads  s  Kecital.  3,  Queen's  Small  Hal). 
Symphony  Concert,  3.  Queen's  Hall 
Orchestral  Concert.  8,  St  James's  Hall. 
Promenade  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 


DRAMA 


THE  WEEK. 

Comldt.— '  The  Saucy  Sally,'  a  Farce  in  Three  Acts.  From 
the  French  by  F.  C.  Burnand. 

OLYMPIC. — '  The  Mariners  of  England,' a  Drama  in  Four 
Acts  and  Two  Tableaux.  By  Robert  Buchanan  and  Charles 
Marlowe 

The  thirteen  years  -which  have  elapsed 
since  '  La  Flamboyante '  of  MM.  Ferrier, 
Cohen,  and  Valabrcgue  saw  the  light  at  the 
Paris  Vaudeville  have  given  to  the  motive  a 
certain  aspect  of  antiquity,  but  have  not 
otherwise  injured  the  piece.  As  a  means  of 
bringing  a  peccant  husband  face  to  face  with 
his  responsibilities  tho  machinery  of  '  The 
Saucy  Sally '  is  as  good  as  any  that  has 
been  subsequently  emploj'ed.  The  make- 
believe  captain  of  a  non-existent  merchant- 
man, he  makes  pretended  voyages  to  remote 
countries,  from  which  he  returns  laden  with 
the  spoils  of  adventure,  and  with  the  cha- 
racter among  his  woman-folk  of  a  hero.  In 
point  of  fact,  tho  weeks  during  which  ho  is 
supposed  to  be  at  sea  are  spent  in  the  society 
of  a  facile  fair  one,  and  the  trophies  of  re- 
search or  prowess  with  which  ho  decorates 
his  house  have  been  purchased  at  an  East- 
End  emporium.  The  discovery,  on  the  part 
of  his  mother-in-law,  that  these  tilings  are 
shams  leads  to  a  species  of  scrutiny  and 
cross-examination,  in  presence  of  which  he 
shufllos  and  quails.  When  next  he  pro- 
ceeds accordingly  to  join  his  ship,  his  wife 
and  her  mother  insist  on  accompanying 
him.     Behold    him  then    in   Southampton 


with  a  wife  in  one  room  nn<\  a  DUltlOM   in 

tho  other,  bound  to  produce  B  ihip  or 
to  account  for  its  absence,  and  I 
separate  women  always  on  the  point  of 
meeting,  who,  if  they  know  the  truth,  would 
fly  at  each  other's  throat  or  at  him  ;  bound, 
moreover,  to  face  all  the  unexpected  con- 
tingencies which  dramatic  ingenuity  can 
invent.  Quite  as  good  as  any  other  device 
is  this,  and  the  situations,  though  familiar 
as  thoy  can  be,  aro  effective  and  diverting. 
Mr.  Burnand  has  done  fairly  well  with  his 
original,  both  as  regards  translation  and 
addition.  He  has  an  idea  of  a  book  of  his 
hero's  adventures  written  by  the  mother-in- 
law,  which  is  droll,  but  of  which  nothing 
comes.  An  opportunity  of  which  no  use  is 
made  is  afforded  in  tho  second  act,  when  the 
heroine  and  her  mother  visit  the  cabin  of  a 
ship  they  suppose  to  be  the  hero's,  and  bring 
away  nothing  but  a  not  very  compromising 
feminine  photograph.  Regarding  the  room 
as  their  own,  they  might  have  "  annexed  " 
valuables,  the  possession  of  which  would  have 
embroiled  the  mock  captain  with  the  real.  So 
much  merriment,  real,  if  slight,  is  obtained 
from  the  situations  which  arise,  that  these 
suggestions  are  made  in  no  spirit  of  carping. 
Mr.  C.  H.  Hawtrey  plays  the  hero  of  this 
farce  with  a  serenity,  an  ease,  and  an  ajtlomb 
that  have  already  won  for  him  a  high  and 
well- merited  reputation.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  any  other  living  actor — certainly  not 
Dieudonne,  the  original  of  the  character — 
could  have  played  it  so  well.  Mr.  Lovell, 
Mr.  Hendrie,  Miss  Jessie  Bateman,  and  Miss 
Maud  Abbott  contributed  to  a  moderately 
successful  interpretation. 

Primitive  almost  beyond  precedent  is  the 
melodrama  in  which  Mr.  Buchanan  and  his 
associate  have  chosen  to  enshrine  some 
events,  real  or  fictitious,  of  the  career  of 
Nelson.  Every  character  in  the  play  has 
been  seen  before  in  '  Black-Eyed  Susan '  or 
other  nautical  dramas.  The  piece  is  in- 
tended, however,  for  a  primitive  public, 
and  is  exactly  suited  to  that  at  the  Olympic. 
That  it  would  make  a  strong  impression 
upon  a  more  sophisticated  audience  is  im- 
probable. It  is  well  placed,  however,  and 
is  in  a  sense  well  shaped  and  well  written, 
and  will  probably  have  an  enduring 
success  in  the  country  towns  for  which 
presumably  it  is  intended.  To  see  Nelson 
kidnapped  or  murdered  by  spies — one  of 
them  a  naval  captain — in  the  interest  of 
Napoleon,  and  a  plotted  invasion,  is  a  bold 
idea,  not,  however,  very  cleverly  worked 
out.  The  introduction  of  a  mimic  battle  of 
Trafalgar,  in  which  Nelson  is  wounded,  and 
tho  presentation  of  the  death  scene  in  the 
cabin  of  the  Victory  aro  concessions  to 
modern  taste,  and  may  well  help  the 
fortunes  of  the  piece.  Abundant  absur- 
dities might  be  pointed  out,  and  the  loudly 
avowed  affection  of  tho  daughter  of  an 
admiral  for  a  common  sailor  has  a  distinctly 
Gilbertian  ring.  Mr.  W.  L.  Abingdon  was 
well  made  up  as  Nelson,  and  in  tho  less 
emotional  scenes  looked  the  character  to  the 
life.  In  tho  death  scene,  where  strong  facial 
play  was  used,  the  resemblance  was  lost. 
Mr.  Charles  Glenney  gave  a  conventionally 
poworful  rendering  of  a  sailor  hero,  and  Mr. 
Sloath  showed  decided  talent  as  the  villain. 


To  Correspondents.— C.  L.— E.  W.  B.— received. 
No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 


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Contents 

The   MASTER   of  the  LITHOGRAPH -J. 

MCNEILL  WHISTLER.  Elizabeth  Robins 
Pennell.  With  Reproductions  from  Twelve  of 
Mr.  Whistler's  Lithographs. 


ESMOND  and  the  PRINCE     Drawn  by  Howard  Pile     SCENES  from 

Hie  GREAT  NOVELS     III      EngraTed  by  Florian     FronUspiec*. 
LONDON      as  SBBN  by  C    V.  GIBSON      11    LONDON    al  DIB* 


Written  and  Illustrated  by  Mr.  Olbton.  (The  Second  ol  Six  Illus- 
trated Papers  ) 

The  IIASDEKIVM  Ol  HUNGARY  Richard  Harding  DaTis.  Illustrated 
br  Drawings  alter  Photographs. 

The  STORY  of  a  l'l.AY    I  haps  1-3    W.  1>  Howells     To  he  continued  1 

1  i,o  lil  BINB88  Of  a  FACTORY.  Philip  G  Hubert,  jun.  The  CONDUCT 
of  GREAT  BU8INB88E8.    Third  Paper     lllu>trat*d 

SOLDIERS  of  FORTUNE.  Chans  5-S  Richard  Harding  Darta  Full- 
Page  Illustration  by  C.  D   Gibson     (To  be  conUnued.  1 

A  LOOK  Into  the  GULF     Charles  Edwin  Markham 

Hie  All I  of  TRAVEL.  Fir»t  Paper.  Lewi*  Morns  Iddings.  BY  LAND. 
[Uastratad 

CUPID  STUNG  by  the  11F.H     Elirabcthan  Songs     IV 

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N°  3620,  March  13,  '97 


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357 


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F 


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mation can  be  obtained  IK    TILLIK. 

Secretary  to  Governors,  Ship  (luay-strcct,  Londonderry. 

ROYAL    INDIAN    ENGINEERING   COLLEGE, 
Cooper's  Hill,  Staines  —The  Course  of  Study  Is  arranged  to  fit  an 
Engineer  for  Employment  In   Europe,   In.lla,  and  the  'nlonies      About 

40  students  win  bo  admitted  in  September,  1807.  The  Secretary  of 
State  will  offer  them  for  Com  pell  linn  Twelve  Appointments  as  Assistant 
Engineers  In  the  Public  Works  Department,  and  Three  Appointment* 
istant  Superintendents  in  the  Telegraph  Department.— For  par- 
ticulars apply  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  College 

WESTMINSTER    SCHOOL.  —  An    EXAMINA- 
TION   will  be  held  In  .11  IV    MAT.   TO   FILL  DP  not   less 
than  FIVE  RESIDENT,  FIVE  NON  RESIDENT  Ql  BRN'H  EM  HO 
BHIP8    an. i  TWO  EXHIBITIONS  -Details  may  be  obtained  from  Tub 
Hub  Master,  Dcan's-yard,  Westminster. 


MANCHESTER    COLLEGE,    OXFORD. 

An  OPBN  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOLARSHIP,  of  the  annual  value 
of  751  (tenable  for  one,  two,  or  three  years),  is  offered  by  the  Dr. 
Daniel  Jones's  Trustees  for  competition. 

For  particulars  apply  to  the  Secretary,  1,  St.  James's-square,  Man- 
chester. 

THE  SCHOOL  of  LITERARY  ART.  Conducted 
by  FLORENCE  MARRYAT.  For  instruction  in  Composing  and 
Writing  Fiction,  Journalism,  and  the  Drama.— Apply  to  Secretary,  26, 
Abercorn-place,  N.W. 

SCHOOL  for  the  DAUGHTERS  of  GENTLE- 
MEN,  Granville  House,  Meads,  Eastbourne  —Thorough  education. 
Highest  references.  Home  comforts.  Large  grounds,  with  Croquet 
and  Tennis  Lawns. — For  Prospectus  apply  to  the  Pkincipal. 


EXPERIENCED  COACHES  and  VISITING 
TEACHERS.— University  Women,  with  Distinctions  in  Litera- 
ture, History,  French,  German,  Classics,  Mathematics,  and  Science, 
are  recommended  by  the  UNIVERSITY  ASSOCIATION  of  WOMEN 
TEACHERS.— Hon.  Sec  ,  48,  Mall  Chambers,  Kensington,  W. 

GOVERNESSES  for  PRIVATE  FAMILIES.- 
Miss  LOUISA  BROUGH  can  RECOMMEND  several  highly 
qualified  English  and  Foreign  GOVERNESSES  for  Resident  and  Daily 
Engagements.  —  Central  Registry  for  Teachers,  25,  Craven-street, 
Charing  Cross,  W.C. 

ADVICE  as  to  CHOICE  of  SCHOOLS.— The 
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all  Examinations  at  home  or  abroad —A  statement  of  requirements 
should  be  sent  to  the  Manager,  ft.  J.  Beevor,  MA,  8,  Lancaster-place, 
Strand,  London,  W.C. 

EDUCATION.— Thoroughly  RELIABLE  ADVICE 
can  be  obtained  (free  of  charge)  from  Messrs.  GABltlTAS, 
THRING  &  CO.,  who,  from  their  extensive  and  personal  knowledge  of 
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requirements. — 36,  Sackville-street,  W. 

CT.  THOMAS'S  HOSPITAL  MEDICAL  SCHOOL, 

O  Albert  Embankment,  SE. 

The  SUMMER  SESSION  will  COMMENCE  on  MONDAY,  May  3. 
Students  entering  in  the  Summer  are  eligible  to  compete  for  the  Science 
Scholarships  of  IfiOJ.  and  601.  awarded  in  October. 

A  SCHOLARSHIP  of  50/.,  open  to  University  Students,  and  other 
Prizes  and  Scholarships  of  the  value  of  500(.,  are  offered  for  annual 
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All  Appointments  are  open  to  Students  without  extra  payment. 

SPECIAL  CLASSES  for  the  Examinations  of  the  University  of 
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TUTORIAL  CLASSES  are  held  prior  to  the  Second  and  Final  Examina- 
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building. 

Prospectuses  and  all  particulars  may  be  obtained  from  the  Medical 
Secretary,  Mr.  G.  Rendu. 

H.  P.  HAWKINS,  MA.  M.D.  (Oxon .),  Dean. 

TYPE-WRITER.— AUTHORS'  MSS.,  Plays,  Re- 
views.  Literary  Articles.  &c,  COPIED  with  accuracy  and  despatch. 
\d.  per  folio.  Manifold  or  Duplicate  Copies. — Address  Miss  E.  Tigar, 
23,  Maitland  Park-villas,  Haverstock-hill,  N.W.    Established  1884. 

TYPE-WRITING  by  CLERGYMAN'S 
DAUGHTER— Authors'  MSS  Is  per  1.(100  words.  Circulars,  &c  , 
by  Copying  Process.  —  Miss  Sikbs,  West  Kensington  Type  writing 
Agency,  13,  Wolverton-gardens,  Hammersmith,  W. 

^YPE-WRITING,    in    best    style,    Id.   per  folio 

-L  of  72 words.  References  to  Authors— Miss  Gladdino,  23,  Lans- 
downe-gardens,  South  Lambeth,  S.W. 

rpYPE-WRITING.—  MSS.,   Scientific,   and  of  all 

JL  Descriptions,  Copied.  Special  attention  to  work  requiring  care. 
Dictation  Rooms  (Shorthand  or  Type-writing).  Usual  terms— Misses 
E  B.  &  I.  Farran,  Hastings  House,  Norfolk-street,  Strand.  London 
(for  seven  years  of  34,  Southampton-street,  Strand). 

SECRETARIAL    BUREAU.— Confidential   Secre- 
tary, miss  PETHERBRTDC.E  (Natural  Science   Tripos),  sends  out 
Daily  a  trained  staff  of  English  and  Foreign  Secretaries,  expert  Stcnn- 

?raphers,  and  Typists.  Special  staff  of  French  and  German  Reporters, 
aterary  and  Commercial  Translations  into  and  from  all  Languages. 
Speciality— Dutch  Translations,  French,  German,  and  Medical  Type- 
writing. 

INDEXING.— SECRETARIAL  BUREAU,  0.  Strand,  London.  Trained 
staff  of  Indexcrs     Speciality— Medical  Indexing. 

^TYPE-WRITERS    and  CYCLES.— The  standard 

A  makes  at  half  the  usual  prices  Machines  lent  on  hire,  also  liougbt 
and  Exchanged.  Sundries  and  Repairs  to  all  Machines  Terms,  cash 
or  instalments.  MS.  copied  from  1(V(  per  l.ooo  wordt.— N.  Taylor, 
74,  Chancery-lane,  London.  Established  ISM.  Telephone  6690.  Tele- 
grams. "Glossator.  London." 


r|1 


0 


u 


H        O       R       S. 


PROPOSALS  for  WORKS  in  GENER  M.  LITERATURE  and  hooks 
for  Mil  Ml  READERS  INVITED  by  a  LONDON  PUBLISHER  o( 
old  standing— Full  particulars  in  first  instance  (before  sending  MSS 

to    1'     N      It.    care    ol    Mr    (i    c      Minll.  Advcrlisi lit   Contractor,    17, 

llouveriosticct.  Fleet-street,  London.  1 

THE  AUTHORS'  AGENCY.      Established  1879. 

I  Proprietor,  Mr  A  M  BUBGRB6,  1,  Paternoster-row.  The 
Lnteretti  <>f  Authors  capaMy  represented  Proposed  Agreement*, 
Estimates,  and  Accounts  examine*)  on  behalf  of  Authors.  MSS  plaoto 
with  Publishers.  Transfers  carefully  0ondttCt0<L  Thirty  years'  practical 
experler.ro  in  all  kind*  of  Publishing  and  Honk  Producing  Consultation 
free  —Terms  and  testimonials  from  Leading  Authors  on  application  to 
Mr  A.  M.  ltCRQBEs,  Autbon'  Agent,  1,  Pale rn otter- row. 


FRANCE. —  The  ATHEN/EUM  can  be 
obtained  at  the  following  Railway  Stations  in 
France : — 

AMIENS,  ANTIBES.  BEAULIEU- SUR  -  MER.  BIARRITZ.  BOR- 
DEAUX, BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.  CALAIS,  CANNES,  DIJON.  DUN- 
KIRK, HAVRE,  LILLE,  LYONS,  MARSEILLES.  MENTONE, 
MONACO,  NANTES,  NICE,  PARIS,  PAU,  SAINT  RAPHAEL,  TOURS 
TOULON. 

And  at  the  GALIGNANI  LIBRARY,  224,  Rue  de  Rivoli,  Paris. 

'TO     AUTHORS.— The    ROXBURGHE    PRESS, 

JL  15.  Victoria-street.  Westminster,  are  OPEN  to  RECEIVE  MSS. 
in  all  Branches  of  Literature  for  consideration  with  a  view  to  Publish- 
ing in  Volume  Form.  Every  facility  for  bringing  Works  before  the 
Trade,  the  Libraries,  and  the  Reading  Public.  Illustrated  Catalogue 
post  free  on  application. 

9,  Hart-streit,  Bloomsdury,  London. 

MR.  GEORGE  REDWAY,  formerly  of  York- 
street,  Coyent-garden,  and  late  Director  and  Manager  of  Kegan 
Paul,  Trench,  Trubner  &  Co.,  Limited,  begs  to  announce  that  he  has 
RESUMED  BUSINESS  as  a  PUBLISHER  on  his  own  account,  and 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  Authors  with  MSS  ready  for  publication,  and 
consider  proposals  for  New  Books.    Address  as  above. 

rpo   AUTHORS.— Messrs.  DIG  BY,  LONG  &  CO. 

JL  (Publishers  of  'The  Author's  Manual.'  3s.  6rl.  net.  Eighth  Edition), 
INVITE  AUTHORS  to  FORWARD  their  MSS  (Fiction.  Travel, 
Poetry,  &c  )  for  prompt  consideration  —Address  18,  Bouverie  street, 
Fleet-street,  London. 


N 


ORTHERN     NEWSPAPER    SYNDICATE, 

KENDAL. 


LITERARY  AGENTS. 


FICTION,  SERIES  OF  ARTICLES,  WEEKLY  SERVICES. 

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possible  prices.     Special  terms  to  Institutions.   Schools,  Publishers. 
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C  MITCHELL  &  CO.,  Agents  for  the  Sale  and 
•  Purchase  of  Newspaper  Properties,  undertake  Valuations  for 
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of  Terms  on  application. 

12  and  13,  Red  Lion-court,  Fleet-street,  E.C. 


ffiatalorjues. 
ILLIAMS      &      NORGATE, 

IMPORTERS  OF  FOREIGN  BOOKS, 


w 


14,  Henrietta- street.  Coyent-garden,  London ;  20,  South  Frederick- 
street,  Edinburgh  ;  and  7,  Broad-street,  Oxford. 
CATALOGUES  on  application. 

Now  ready, 

pATALOGUE  of    FRENCH    BOOKS,  at  greatly 

V_y    reduced  prices     I    PHILOSOPHY.     II.  RELIGION      III.  HIS- 
TORY.   IV.  POETRY,  DRAMA,  MUSIC.     V.  BEAUX-ARTS. 
DULAU  &  CO.  37,  Soho-square,  London.  W. 


E 


L      L      I     S  &  E     L     V     E     Y, 

Dealers  in  Old  and  Rare  Books.  Manuscripts,  and  Engravings. 

NEW  CATALOGUE  (No.  85)  OF  CHOICE  BOOKS 

AND  MANUSCRIPTS, 

Including  a  Remarkable  Collection  or  RARE  BOOKS  on  MUSIC, 

now  ready,  post  free,  Sixpence. 

29,    New    Bond-street,    London,    W. 

|>OOKS,   A   CATALOGUE   of  SECOND-HAND, 

J  )      pertaining    to    Annuities.   Finance,   and  Political    Economy  in 
general,  post  free. — C.  Herbert,  333,  ooswell-road,  London,  EC. 
LIBRARIES  PURCHASED 

OLD    COLOURED    VIEWS    of    LONDON— 
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Books— Naval  and    Military  Subjects  —  Etchings    Portraits,  ftc  — .lust 
published,  a  catalogue  (post,  free)  by  James  Riheli  A   Boh,  N, 

Oxford-street,  London,  W— Old  Books  and  Engravings  liougbt  for  Cash. 

NOW  READY,  CATALOGUE,  No.  20.— Draw- 
ings of  the  Early  English  School  —  Engravings  after  Turner, 
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Illustrated  Books  -works  by  Professor  Raskin  Posl  free,  Sixpence. 
— Wm.  Ward,  2,  Church-terrace,  Richmond  Bnxre] 

pHEAP    BOOKS.— THREEPENCE    DISCOUNT 

V  V  In  the  SHILLING  allowed  from  the  published  prior  of  nearly 
an  New  Hooks.  Bibles,  Prayet-Books,  and  annual  volumes  orders 
y  post  executed  bv  return  <  M  kLQGUES  Ol  New  Hooks  and  Re- 
mainders gratis    and  postage  free  —  Giibbst  A    Finn,  07.   Moorgatc- 


1 
mainders  g 

street.  Lnn. Ion.  B  ('. 


ILL  OUT-OK-BIUNT  BOOKS  speedily  pro- 
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state  wants  to  Basse's  Groat  liooksho  p.  Birmingham—  Books  Bought, 
Loot,  or  Exchanged. 


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or  unbound,  to  the  LtsniaiAX,  Univ.  Union  Society.  Cambridge, 


'run 


3fi-2 


T  II  E     ATI!  KN7IU7M 


N°3021t  March  20,  '97 


THE  HANFSTAENGL 

GALLERIES, 

16,  PALL  M.M.I.  BAST,  S.W. 
(nearly  opposite  the  National  Gallery). 

Inspection  invited. 

REPRODUCTION  IN  CARBON  PRINT 
AND   PHOTOGRAVURE. 

PICTURES  in  the  NATIONAL 
QALLBBT.  So  be  published  in  Ten  Bute.  Illustrated 
inGravure,  with  Descriptive  Text,  written  by  CIIAKLKS 
L.  BASTLAKK.  Keeper  of  the  National  Gallery.  Cover 
designed  by  Walter  Crane.     Price  to  Subscribers,  7'.  10s. 

[I 'art  III.  now  ready. 

The   HOLBEIN    DRAWINGS.      By 

Special  Permission  of  Her  Majesty  the  Queen.  51  fine 
Reproductions  of  the  Famous  Drawings  at  Windsor 
Castle,  bound  in  Artistic  Cover.    Price  bl.  bs. 


The  OLD  MASTERS.    Reproductions 

from  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE,  WINDSOR  CASTLE, 
NATIONAL  GALLERY,  LONDON;  AMSTERDAM, 
BERLIN,  BRUSSELS.  CASSEL,  DRESDEN,  HAAG, 
HAARLEM,  MUNICH,  VIENNA. 


LEADING   ARTISTS  of  the   DAY. 

9,000  Reproductions  from  the  Works  of  BURNE  JONES, 
WATTS,  ROSSETTI,  ALMA  TADEMA,  SOLOMON, 
HOFFMAN,  BODENHAUSEN,  PLOCKHORST,  THU- 
MANN,  &c. 

CATALOGUES  POST  FREE. 


16,  PALL  MALL  EAST,  S.W. 

THE  AUTOTYPE 
FINE -ART   GALLERY. 

74,   NEW   OXFORD  -  STREET,   LONDON,   W.C. 


REPRODUCTIONS  IN 
PERMANENT  PHOTOGRAPHY 

(the  Carbon  process)  of  the  Chief  Treasures  of  the  Great 
Continental  Galleries,  including 

The    PUBLIC    and    PRIVATE    GALLERIES    of 
ROME. 

The  UFFIZI  and  PITTI  GALLERIES,  FLORENCE. 

The  ROYAL  MUSEUMS  of  BERLIN  and  DRES- 
DEN. 

The  MUSEUM  of  the  LOUVRE,  PARIS. 

The  PICTURE    GALLERIES  of    HOLLAND  and 
BELGIUM. 

The  MUSEO  del  PR  ADO,  MADRID. 
&c.  &c.  &c. 

This  almost  exhaustive  series  of  Autotypes  includes  nearly 
every  work  of  Art  of  interest  to  the  Artist,  to  the  Historical 
Student,  and  to  the  Lover  of  Pictures.  The  selection  of 
Works  to  be  reproduced  1ms,  in  every  instance,  been  made 
under  the  advice  of  eminent  Authorities  and  of  the  Official 
Directors  of  the  respective  Collections.  By  the  aid  of  the  most 
recent  improvements  in  Photographic  Science,  absolutely 
faithful  and  Permanent  Copies  have  been  secured,  on  a  scale 
which  adequately  represents  the  Original  Paintings.  These 
are  printed  in  rich  brown  pigments,  on  specially  prepared 
paper,  size  18  by  15  inches,  and  are  sold  at  a  uniform  price  of 
Twelve  Shillings  each. 

G.  F.  WATTS,  R.A. 

SIR  EDW.  BURNE-JONES. 

DANTE  GABRIEL  ROSSETTI. 

A  large  series  of  the  Chief  Works  of  these  Masters,  reproduced 
in  various  sizes,  at  prices  ranging  from  3*.  fid.  to  Three 
Guineas. 

Full  particulars  of  ihc  Collection  of  Autotype  Be- 
2>roductions  of  the  Worhs  of  Old  and  Modern 
Masters  mill  be  sent  post  f re  i  on  application  to 

THE     AUTOTYPE     COMPANY, 

74.  NEW  OXFORD-STREET,  LONDON,  V  0 


MUDIE'S 

SELECT 

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FOR  THE  CIRCULATION  AND  SALE  OF 
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ENGLISH,  FRENCH,  GERMAN,  ITALIAN, 
and  SPANISH  BOOKS. 


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per  annum. 

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(for  v  re '  I  v  exchange  of  Books 
at  the  nouses  of  Subscribers) 
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annum. 


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The  List  contains  POPULAR  WORKS  in 
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SCIENCE,  and  FICTION. 

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LONDON         LIBRARY, 
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of  Llandaff,  Herbert  Spencer,  Esq  ,  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  K.C  B. 

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The  Library  contains  about  170,000  Volumes  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
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ART  EXPERT  gives  ADVICE  or  INFORMA- 
TION  on  PICTURES,  Ac,  and  on  all  matters  connected  with 
Art.  by  Visit  or  Correspondence.  Collections  arranged.  Terms 
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TO  BE  SOLD,  a  range   of  OAK  BOOKCASES, 
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24  ft.  run— Apply  to  Messrs.  Cn\rE,  38,  Wigmore-street,  W. 

TO    LIBRARIANS   and    BOOKBUYERS.— 

A  FOR  SALE,  a  COLLECTION  of  RARE  BOOKS,  English  and 
Foreign,  of  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Centuries — Catalogue  on  appli- 
cation to  G.  Powell,  2,  Thanet-place,  Strand,  W.C. 

pHOICE    OLD    ENGRAVINGS    in    COLOURS, 

V-'  Rare  Sporting  Prints,  Theatrical  and  other  Portraits.  Americana, 
Scarce  Books,  Autographs,  Drawings,  Ac.,  ON  SALE  by  Fa  ink  T. 
Saiiin,  118,  Shaftesbury-avenue,  W. 


WORCESTERSHIRE,  six  miles  from  Malvern.— 
PHYSICIAN,  married,  has  a  VACANCY  for  LADY  or  GENTLE- 
MAN, Mental,  Nervous,  or  Spinal  Disease.  Large  Garden.  Conserva- 
tory, Carriage,  Rath  Chair.  Terms  from  S00  Guineas  per  annum.— 
Address  Vicron,  M.D  ,  care  of  Wllling's,  162,  Piccadilly. 

TO  INVALIDS.— A  LIST  of  MEDICAL  MEN 
In  all  parts  willing  to  RECEIVE  RESIDENT  PATIENTS,  giving 
full  particulars  and  terms,  sent  gratis.  The  list  Includes  Private 
Asylums,  Ac  ;  Schools  also  recommended. — Address  Mr.  G.  B.  Stockkb, 
8,  Lancaster-place,  Strand,  W.C. 

THE     AUTHOR'S     HAIRLESS     PAPER-PAD. 
(The  LBADENHALL  PRESS.  Ltd  ,60,  Leadenhall-strect, 
London.  E.C.) 
Contains    hairless   paper,  over   which    the    pen   slips  with    perfect 
freedom.    Sixpence  each     5*.  per  dozen,  ruled  or  plain. 

T^URNISHED    APARTMENTS    in    one    of    the 

1-  most  pleasant  positions  in  TCN  BRIDGE  WILIS  South  Hn  lot, 
good  view,  three  minutes*  walk  from  the  town  and  common—  \S  i  no 
B   B  .  18.  Clarcmnnt-road.Tunbrldge  Wells. 


Just  published,  8  vols  Svo.  price 

THE    WILDEBNESS    and    its    TENANTS:     a 
BerlM  of  Geographical  and  other  Essavs  illustrative  of  Lite  In  a 
Wild  country.    By  JOHN  madden 

London  :  Slmpkin.  Marshall.  Hamilton,  Kcnt&  Co  ,  Limited 


<3aUs  b-D  faction. 

'I  fie   I  kings.  Oil  Paintings,  '  ,Umr 

l>rn„  in'jio/lhe  lite  W.  J.  GALLOWAY,  i 

MBOTHIBT,  WILKIN80N  L  HODGK 
will    ski. I.  br  AUCTIOH    i.v  ord«  .tit,,    Binralon    -•  rhrir 
House   No    I;    Wellington  »lrt-et    Btrai  Mare* 

COJ.I.K/'I  KlS  of  IKHINi.k  OIL 
PAINTINGS  »n<!  WlIKIUIjUHII  DRAWISGH  Ike  liw-TTof 
the   lat.     \\     J     GALLOWAY     of  I  n-hing.    by 

lu  on    Waltner,   Rrunet   Drhaini  >    I     -•  «  ■-..■;■ 
n   Macbeth  i     M<-r«..n    J    I     Millet   s    pmli 
Hertoaser   I   ITout   sir  J    V.    Miliat*   Neuhui.    w 
Hardy.  It    W    Marhrlh.  De  Wlot     ( .atu-rniole    -' 

-    fee     l*aiDllng»  by  Joseph  and  Albert  Nruhun     W    Maria 
I.  Lloyd.  I    lllnes,  Lord  Leighton  and  other* 

May  be  viewed     Catalogues  may  be  had. 

Valuable  Drawings,   the  Property  of  a  urell-l  n-  u  n  Amateur; 
and  llit  Collection  of  Engravings  of  JOSH  I' A    WILA 
I     /.,  if  Tunbridge  Wells. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBV,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SKI. I.  by  At  (TION  at  their  H.uw  •• 
-traml  \\  <  ,  OB  WBUNE8DAY  March  7*  an-i  Following  lit 
at  1  o'tli.ek  i>recl»cly,  valuable  DRAWINGS  the  Hropertj  <.f  a  weU- 
known  AMAIKIH  comprising  fine  Example*  by  Copley  Fielding 
l*avid  Cox,  'J'  Girtln.  Cruikshank.  Kowland.'.n.  iiarto: 
Hearne.   and   other  Masters    of   the  Englitti  i  -o  valuable' 

ENGRAVINGf    including  the  Collection  of  JosHl  A  WILmin   Eaq  , 
Of    Tunbridge   Wells,  comprising  Works    by  HarLolozzl.    Kauflmaaa! 
Cipriani,  Ward,  8.  Reynolds,  Morland,  Cousins.  V.  Green.  J.  Smith. ate. 
May  I*  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 


The  Collection  of  Coins  and  Medals  of  the  late  liev.  THOMAS 
CALVERT,  of  Sandyiike,  Cumberland. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &  HODGK 
will  8ELL  by  AUCTION  (by  order  of  the  Executory,  at  their 
House.  No  13,  Wellington-street.  Strand.  W  C  on  FRIDAY,  March  36. 
and  Two  Following  Days,  at  1  o'clock  preciselv.  the  '  oI.I.KCI  : 
COINS  and  MEDAI.s  of'the  late  Rev  THOMAS  r\I.\  ERT.M  A.  F.8  A., 
of  Sandyslke.  Cumberland,  Including  the  following:  Greek  Silver. 
Roman  and  Byzantine  Gold.  Roman  Brass  and  Denarii— an  important 
series  of  Mohammedan  Coins  in  Gold.  Silver,  and  Copper— British. 
Anglo-Saxon,  and  English,  Colonial,  and  Foreign  Coins  in  Gold  and 
Silver— a  few  War  and  other  Medals,  including  a  rare  Dublin  Regi- 
mental. 1780.  Ac— Persian  Talisman,  Seals,  Gems,  Ac — Coin  Cabinets 
and  Numismatic  Books. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  Portion  of  the  Library  of  the  late  F.  W.  SMITH,  Esq., 
of  Belfast. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C  .  on  TUESDAY'.  March  30.  at  1  o'clock  precisely. 
BOOKS,  Including  the  Property  of  G.  B  WORTH  INGTOS  Esq  .  com- 
prising Sporting  Works— Voyages— Topography,  Ac  ;  the  Property  of  a 
LADY',  consisting  of  Biographical  Works— Illustrated  Books— Travels 
—Galleries— Fine-Art  and  Scientific  Publications  — Dictionaries.  Ac  :  a 
PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY'  of  the  late  F  W  SMITH.  Esq  .  of  Belfast, 
consisting  chiefly  of  French  and  Italian  Works;  the  Propertv  of  aa 
AUSTRIAN  NOBLEMAN,  comprising  scarce  Sporting  Works  the 
Property  of  J  C.  CROWDY'.  Esq  .  consisting  of  the  Writings  of 
Dickens,  Surtees,  Thackeray,  and  others.  Caricatures  by  Heath.  Ac  ;  and 
other  Properties,  in  which  will  be  found  Works  by  Swinburne.  R.  L. 
Stevenson,  Doyle,  Bewick,  Geo.  Meredith.  Audsley.  "and  Bowes,  Ac. 
May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  bad. 

Engravings  by  Masters  of  the  English  School,  the  Property  of 
the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  CRA  WFORD. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  No  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY'.  March  31.  at  1  o'clock  preci*elr. 
ENGRAVINGS,  including  Fancy  Subjects  by  Masters  of  the  English 
School,  some  finely  printed  in  Colours,  comprising  Master  Philip  Yorke 
and  the  Age  of  Innocence,  both  after  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds — and  Thoughts 
on  Matrimony  after  J.  R  Smith,  all  in  the  finest  condition  tne  Property 
of  the  Right  Hon.  the  EARL  of  CR\  WFORD;  also  other  properties, 
comprising  Mezzotint  Portraits  after  Sir  J  Reynolds.  Ac. — the  •  Cries  of 
London.'  after  Wheatley— Lady  Kenyon.  after  Hoppner— Miss  Fan-en. 
after  Sir  T.  Lawrenee-^-and  others;  also  the  Series  of  Six  Original 
Water-Colour  Drawings  by  R.  Caldccott  illustrating  •  The  Mad  Dog.'  by 
Oliver  Goldsmith,  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  valuable  Collection  of  Engravings  formed  prior  to  the 
year  1S50. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Wellington- 
street.  Strand,  W.C  ,  on  THURSDAY,  April  1.  at  1  o'clock  prv\  - 
a  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  formed  prior  to  the  year  18», 
comprising  fine  Mezzotint  and  other  Engravings  after  Gainsborough, 
Hoppner,  Sir  J.  Reynolds.  Romney.  and  other  celebrated  artists, 
including  Portraits  of  eminent  Statesman.  Authors,  Military  Com- 
manders, Nobility  and  Gentry,  Theatrical  Celebrities.  Ac.  —  Fancy 
Subjects  by  P.  Bartolozzi— five  different  Portraits  of  Lady  Hamilton, 
alter  Romney  and  Sir  J.  Reynolds- a  very  interesting  series  of  Por- 
traits  of  the  Lord  Chancellors  and  other  Dignitaries  of  the  Law.  Ac  , 
nearly  all  being  in  very  fine  states  both  as  to  impression  and  condition, 
several  with  the  handwriting  of  Horace  Walpole  upon  them 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Botanical  Library  of  the  late  FREEMAN  C.  S.  ROPER. 

Esq. 

ESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 

will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  IS,  Wellington- 
street.  Strand.  W.C.  on  FRIDAY.  April  2.  and  Following  Day.  at 
1  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executorsi  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  l'RKHMAN  C.  6  ROPER.  Esq  ,  F.I.  8  V  RMS  Ao  .  of  Palgrave 
House  1  .1st  bourne,  comprising  valuable  Work  son  Botany  and  the  other 
Branches  of  Natural  Historv- Cooke's  Handbook  of  Kntish  Fungi, 
Illustrations  ol  British  Fungi  and  British  Fresh-Water  Alga?— Dibdin  f 
lour  in  France  and  Germany,  with  extra  Illustrations -Greville's 
Scottish  crvptogamic  Flora— Grevillea— Harvev's  PhTcologia  Britan- 
nica  Undlai  and  Huttons  Fossil  Flora  of  Great  Britain— Harris's 
Game  and  Wild  Animals  of  Southern  Africa— The  Orete  Herbal— The 
Philologist  — Saccardo,  Syllogc  Fungornm— Sowerhr  s  English  Botany, 
with  1  'our  unpublished  i'lates— Sowerby  s  Mineral  Conchology.  com- 
plete Set  —  Stephens'!  Illustrations  of  British  Entomology  —Sussex 
Arebjeoloploal  OoUaotJona  Mttaee  Francals e4  Muv-eRoyale — Sowcrby's 
Coloured  Figures  of  English  Fungi.  Ac  —Manuscript  Hor.v  on  Vellnm, 
with  finely  painted  Miniatures— Gradualc  MS  on  vellum,  with  Initial 
Letters.  Miniatures,  and  elaborate  Borders.  S;ic  XV  —and  Miscel- 
laneous Works  of  General  Literature,  Ac 

Mny  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  hai. 

Miscellaneous  Property. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
b]  U  ITION.  at  their  House.  47  Leieestersqnare  W  ('  on 
Till  IISDAY"  March  2.1.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  MI8<  EL- 
l  wines  property  comprising  China— One  old  rut  Glass— Minis- 
tares— Coins  and  Medallions— old  and  modern  Silver— Sheffield  and 
other  Plate— and  a  few  Lots  of  Antique  Furniture. 
Catalogues  on  application. 


M 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


363 


Musical    Instruments,    including    the    Collection   of   the    late 
WM.  HENRY  EDWARDS,  Esq.,  and  a  Musical  Library 
formed  by  an  Amateur. 
TESSRS.  PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON    will    SELL 


M] 


i_  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square,  W.C.,  on 
TUESDAY,  March  30,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely.  GRAND  and 
COTTAGE  PIANOFORTES.  HARMONIUMS,  and  ORGANS— Double 
and  Single  Action  Harps— Violins,  Violas,  and  Violoncellos,  including 
the  Collection  ol  the  late  WILLIAM  HENRY  EDWARDS,  Esq  (by 
order  of  the  Executors)— a  large  quantity  of  American  and  Zither 
Banjos  Mandolines,  and  Guitars— Hrass  and  Wood-Wind  Instruments, 
&c  Also  the  valuable  MUSIC  LIBRARY,  collected  during  the  past 
twenty-five  years  by  an  AMATEUR,  consisting  principally  of  Solos, 
Duets,  Trios,  Quartets,  and  Quintets  for  Stringed  Instruments. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 

Scarce  Engravings  and  Paintings,  the  Property  of  the  late 
E.  P.  LOFTVS  BROCK,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-sqnare,  W.C  .  on 
FRIDAY  April  2,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  scarce 
ENGRAVINGS  and  PAINTINGS,  including  a  tine  Collection  of  Por- 
traits, after  Cosway,  by  Condt?,  in  proof  states. 

On  view  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  on  application. 

Collection  of  Ex-Libris  and  Armorial  China. 

MESSRS.   PUTTICK  &    SIMPSON    will    SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester-square,   W.C,  on 
TUESDAY,  April  6.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a  COLLEC- 
TION   of   EX-LIBRIS,  comprising  Examples  in  the  Early  English, 
Jacobean,  Chippendale,  and  Bartolozzi  Styles,  many  of  which  are  dated. 
Catalogues  on  receipt  of  three  stamps. 

Further  Portion  of  the  Library  of  H.  J.  FARMER- 
ATKINSON,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  removed  from  Ore. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester -square,  W.C, 
on  WEDNESDAY.  April  7,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  a 
FURTHER  PORTION  of  the  LIBRARY  of  H.  J.  FAKMEK -ATKINSON, 
Esq.,  F.8.A..  consisting  chiefly  of  valuable  Examples  of  Biblical  and 
Liturgical  Literature  in  various  Languages. 

Catalogues  on  application. 

Valuable  Books  and  Manuscripts. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester -square.  W.C.  on 
THURSDAY,  April  8.  and  Following  Day,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock 
precisely,  a  valuable  COLLECTION  of  BOOKS  and  MANUSCRIPTS, 
comprising  many  choice  Examples  of  Early  Foreign  and  English  Printing 
—Works  of  Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  Authors— Scarce  Editions  of  the 
Bible— Manuscripts  on  Vellum,  with  Illuminated  Capitals  and  Minia- 
tures—fine Examples  of  Bindings,  some  with  Arms  ;  also  a  remarkable 
Collection  of  Early  Playbills  from  the  Vienna  Exhibition,  &c. 

Catalogues  may  be  had  ;  if  by  post,  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Antique  Furniture,  the  Property  of  the  late  E.  P.  LOFTUS 
BROCK,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C  ,  on 
TUESDAY.  April  13.  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the  CHINA 
and  ANTIQUE  FURNITURE  of  the  late  E.  P.  LOFrUS  BROCK,  Esq., 
F.S.A. 

THURSDA  Y  and  FRIDA  Y  NEXT. 

Original  Old  Newspapers — 17th,  18th,  and  19th  Centuries — of 

Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  America,  and  New  Zealand. 

MR.  JOHN  PARNELL  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Antiquarian.  Literary,  and  Art  Sale-Roomo,  12,  Kockley- 
road,  Shepherd's  Jiush  Green,  London,  W.,  on  THURSDAY  and 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  March  26  and  26,  at  1  o'clock.  Early  New  Zealand 
(Auckland)  Papers  (1842),  printed  in  a  mangle  ;  others  of  the  periods  of 
and  relating  to  Bheridan,  Ittirke.  Pitt,  Court  of  Charles  II.  (1668),  Order 
of  the  Garter,  London  City,  East  India  Company,  United  States  (1821), 
Duke  of  Wellington.  Mr.  Gladstone,  Charles  II  ,  Queen  Anne,  George  II  , 
III.,  and  IV  ,  Napoleon  I.  and  III.,  Franco-Prussian  War,  Highland  Re- 
bellion, Queen  Caroline,  First  French  Republic,  British  Naval  Engage- 
ments, American  War  of  Independence,  Vox,  John  Wesley,  Warren 
Hastings,  Tlppoo  fcalb,  the  stage.  William  Penn,  Titus  Gates,  Junius, 
Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart,  William  IV.,  Queen  Victoria,  Wilber- 
force.  Queen  Charlotte,  Robert  Burns,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Robert 
Einraett,  Admiral  Ren  bow,  Mr.  Macaulay,  Presidents  Washington, 
Adams,  Monroe,  Jackson,  Jefferson.  Madison,  Brand,  Benjamin 
Franklin,  the  Anglo-American  and  Anglo-French  Wars,  the  First  Duke 
dJ  Marlborough,  the  Corporations  and  Sees  of  the  Cities  of  London, 
Canterbury,  York,  Bristol,  Durham,  and  Salisbury.  Benjamin  Disraeli, 
Lord  Nelson,  Charles  Dickens.  Mrs.  Siddons,  Eliza  Cook,  Rlomtield's 
Widow,  Tennyson,  Lord  Brougham,  David  Garrick.  Cobbett,  Daniel 
O'Connell.  Talleyiand,  Marmont,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Porson,  Lafayette, 
Hazlitt,  Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  the  Chevalier  de  St  George,  Tom  Hood, 
Malibran.  Miss  Farren.  Edmund  Kean,  Lord  Cochrane,  T.  F  Buxton, 
Macready.  Thomas  Bewick.  Sir  Humphry  Davy,  Tom  Moore,  Princess 
Victoria,  Duchess  of  Kent.  John  Ruskin,  Josiah  Wedgwood,  James  II. 
and  the  Prince  Of  Orange,  Louis  XIV.,  Royal  Zoological  Society,  the 
Union  with  Ireland,  and  many  other  notable  Persons  and  Events, 
Coronations.  Early  Christie  Advertisements.  Royal  Funerals.  Literary 
Souvenirs,  Embassies.  Met/  Newspapers  during  and  after  the  Siege, 
and  many  rare  Portraits  of  the  persons  named,  and  finely  impressed 
Early  Newspaper  Duty  Stamps  —  Portraits  of  famous  Editors,  Authors, 
Journalists,  Printers,  and  Letter  -  Founders  —  Early  Water  -  Harks, 
Letters,  Borders,  l>esign8— Literary  Prints,  and  Autograph  Letters  of 
famous  Authors,  Actors,  and  Admirals. 

On  view  every  day  until  days  of  Sale. 

MESSRS.     HODGSON    beg    to    announce    the 
following  SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Rooms,  li;>,  Chancery- 
lane,  W.C.  (commencing  at  I  o'clock  precisely  on  each  day) :— 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  24,  and  Two  Follow- 

Ing  Day*.   MIBCBLLANEOl  8    ROOKS,   Including  the  Library  ol  an 

Bulnent  theologian,  comprising  Roberta's  Koly  L I,  coloured  copy, 

i>  vols  —  Collectlo  YVeigeiiana,  L'  vols-  Camden's  Britannia,  byQougb, 
.1  vols.— Hri  ton  a  S  vols     Nichols's   Literarj   Anecdotes, 

4c.  n  vols.  —  Dibdln'e  Decameron,  &c,  fl  vols. —Scott  s  Wan 
Novels,  Library  Kilition,  25  vols.,  and  Author's  Edition,  IH  vols  — 
Athenian  Society's  Publications,  6  vols —Vecelllo.  Costumes,  2  vols  — 
I.ovell  Reeve's  Cnnchnlngia  Iconica,  about  250  Parte  —  Elements  ol 
Conrhology,  &c  .  t  vols  Bowerby's  Thesaurus  Conchylionun  rpub, 
!iU  10*.)— S.  Auiiiis'iiii  opera,  I;,  vols,,  and  the  Benedictine  Edition 
be  Worts  ol  Prescott,  Orote,  Gibbon,  Mahon,  Burton,  May, 
Campbell,  Carlvlc,  Froudc,  Coleridge,  Lamb,  Lever,  Dickens,  Thackeray, 
Ac. 

On  WEDNESDAY,  March  31, and  Following  Days, 

a    LARGE    PORTION   from  the  well-selected  STOCK    of    BOOKJ   Ol 

-    HILL  A   BOM.  ..i   No    l.  Bolvwell-street,  Btrand,  u  C,  con 

'tie  .truth  of  Mr  if  it  Hill,  comprising  the  usual  Standard 

Works  in  the  various  (tranches  of  Literature .     The  whole  in  excellent 

condition,  and  many  in  neat  bindings. 

■ABLY  in  APRIL,  the  valuable  LIBRARY   of 

the  late  LORD  CHI  EI  BARON  POLLOCK  removed  train  nation 
Mouse,  1'eltham.  Middlesex.  Further  particulars  will  tie  announced, 
and  Catalogues  are  preparing. 

Catalogues  will  bo  forwarded  on  application. 


MONDA  Y  NEXT. 

A  Choice  Collection  of  Tropical  Lepidoptera  in  superb  condi- 
tion, the  Property  of  a  Gentleman  going  Abroad  ;  a  Collection 
of  British  Lepidoptera  including  many  rarities  ;  Store  Boxes  ; 
Butterflies  in  Papers  ;  a  52-Drawer  Mahogany  Cabinet,  §c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will   SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King-street,  Covent-garden, 
on  MONDAY  NEXT,  March  22,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 

FRIDAY  NEXT. 

hOO  Lots  of  Miscellaneous  Property,  including  Photographic  and 
Electrical  Apparatus,  Scientific  Instruments,  Books,  Pic- 
tures, Furniture,  Lanterns  and  Slides,  fyc,  from  various 
Private  Sources. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL   the   above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King-street,  Covent-garden, 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  March  26,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  day  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 

MONDAY,  March  SO. 

A  Collection  of  Native  Curiosities,  Weapons,  Sjc,  from  New 
Guinea,  consigned  direct ;  also  a  General  Collection  of  Natural 
History  Specimens,  Jewellery,  Antiquities,  China,  Pic- 
tures, cjj'C. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King-street,  Covent-garden, 
on  MONDAY,  March  29,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square,  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely :— 

On  MONDAY,  March  22,  the  COLLECTION  of 

MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  JOHN  BAYLISS,  Esq. 

On  TUESDAY,  March  23,  and  Following  Days, 

the  COLLECTION  of  WORKS  Of  FRANCIS  BARTOLOZZI.  R  A., 
formed  by  FREDERIC,  Third  EARL  of  BESSBOROUGH,  the  Property 
of  the  Hon.  ASHLEY  PONSONBY. 

On  FRIDAY,  March  26,  PORCELAIN,  DECORA- 

TIVE  OBJECTS,  and  OLD  ENGLISH  SILVER  of  the  late  HENRY 
JENKINS,  Esq. 

On  SATURDAY,  March  27,  the  COLLECTION 

of  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  HENRY  JENKINS,  Esq  , 
deceased  ;  also  MODERN  PICTURES  and  DRAWINGS  of  S.H.  PERKS, 
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i;i:t  OLLECTIONSof  FREDERICK  DENISON  MAURICE. 

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London  :  SMITH,  ELDER  k  CO. 
15,  Waterloo-place. 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


367 


MESSRS.    HUTCHINSON    &    CO.'S 

NEW       SIX-SHILLING       NOVELS. 

WITH  SOME  EXCEPTIONALLY  FAVOURABLE  REVIEWS. 


BY  FRANKFORT  MOORE. 

The  JESSAMY  BRIDE.     With  Illustrations  by 

A.  Forestier. 

V  The  large  First  Edition  has  been  much  oversubscribed  and 
this  will  delay  the  publication  until  early  next  week. 

A  NEW  HISTORICAL  ROMANCE. 

The  FALL  of  CONSTANTINOPLE.   By  A.  Wall. 

[  Immediately. 
BY  A  NEW  NOVELIST. 
"  We  linger  over  it  as  we  do  over  very  few  of  the  books  that  pass 

before  US." — Bookman. 

TATTERLEY.    By  Tom  Gallon. 

"A  touching  and  charming  story." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"An  idyll  such  as  Dickens  himself  might  not  have  been  ashamed  to  con- 
ceive. Once  taken  up,  there  is  little  likelihood  that  it  will  be  laid  down  until 
the  last  page  has  been  turned." — St.  James's  Gazette. 

"Mr.  Gallon  has  accomplished  a  work  which  many  experienced  writers 
would  be  only  too  glad  to  acknowledge." — New  Saturday. 

"We  believe  in  '  Tatterley '  through  thick  and  thin  ;  we  could  not  recom- 
mend a  better  story." — Academy. 

"A  book  which  is  conceived  in  a  powerful  and  touching  way,  not  with 
life's  little  ironies,  but  its  great.  It  is  a  beautiful  book,  and  the  man  who 
wrote  it  is  capable  of  making  us  all  his  debtors  yet  to  a  much  greater  extent." 

Leeds  Mercury. 

"  The  story  is  strong  in  human  nature  and  sentiment,  and  the  author 
should  have  no  reason  to  complain  of  the  reception  that  will  be  accorded  to 
•Tatterley.'  " — Manchester  Courier. 

"  '  Tatterley '  is  a  novel  of  great  power.  In  striking  originality  of  plot  and 
power  of  sketching  character  the  novel  is  unique  among  modern  productions." 

Liverpool  Post. 

*#*  A  Second  Edition  in  the  press. 
BY  ELLA  MACMAHON. 

The  TOUCHSTONE  of  LIFE.     By  the  Author 

of  '  A  New  Note.' 

"  Mr.  Rhodes  in  '  The  Touchstone  of  Life  '  appears  as  the  great  pioneer  of 
new  countries,  the  creator  of  novel  empires,  the  man  on  whose  nod  depends 
the  fate  of  territory  three  or  four  times  the  size  of  France.  The  story  is 
vigorous  and  well  told  ;  the  incidents  are  exciting  in  themselves  and  prophetic 
of  the  issue.  'The  Touchstone  of  Life'  is  an  eminently  readable  story  ;  the 
final  denoument  is  characteristically  clever  and  true." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  The  story  is  worthy  of  the  strongest  recommendation." — Scotsman. 

"  Miss  MacMahon's  new  novel  more  than  fulfils  the  promise  shown  in  •  A 
New  Note '  and  '  A  Pitiful  Passion  ';  and  to  say  this  is  to  say  a  good  deal,  for 
both  those  works  displayed  a  remarkable  amount  of  incipient  ability.  In  the 
present  story  the  characterization  is  as  keen  as  before,  but  it  reaches  a  deeper 
depth  of  analysis,  and  the  brilliance  of  the  dialogue  is  enhanced  by  a  new 
smoothness  and  ease  of  style.  Perhaps  the  most  delightful  personality  in  the 
whole  book  is  the  character  of  Lady  Honoria  Mildmay,  a  charming  study. 
Miss  MacMahon  has  shown  that  she  possesses  a  fine  power  for  dramatic  effect. 
Altogether  the  novel  is  a  powerful  one,  the  plot  is  adequate,  the  interest  is 
well  sustained  throughout,  and  the  style  is  effective." — New  Saturday. 

BY  8.  R.  KEIGHTLEY. 

The  LAST  RECRUIT  of  CLARE'S.  With  Illus- 

trations   by   Paul    Dare.      By   the  Author  of    'The   Cavaliers,'    'The 
Crimson  Sign,'  &c.  [Second  Edition. 

" It  was  prophesied  in  these  columns  that  the  author  of  'The  Cavaliers' 
would  take  first  rank  among  our  historical  novelists,  and  he  is  proving  the 
truth  of  the  prediction.     Every  page  of  the  book  is  full  of  fire  and  spirit." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 
"  It  is,  indeed,  a  tale  of  extraordinary  power,  full  of  subtle  characteriza- 
tion and  strong  situations,  and  distinguished  by  a  finish  of  style  and   reserve 
of  force." — Manchester  Guardian. 


BY  FLORENCE  MARRYAT. 

A  PASSING  MADNESS. 


f  Tli  is  day, 


BY  RICHARD  PRYCE. 

ELEMENTARY  JANE.    By  the  Author  of '  Miss 

Maxwell's  Affections,'  &c.  [Immediately. 

BY  MORLEY  ROBERTS. 
MAURICE    QUAIN.  [Immediately. 

BY  MRS.  ORPEN. 

PERFECTION  CITY. 

"'Perfection  City'  is  an  extremely  well-written  and  interesting  story, 
and  we  should  have  been  sorry  to  have  missed  reading  it." — Daily  Chroniele. 

"In  Olive  Weston  Mrs.  Orpen  has  realized  a  personality  which  is  fresh 
and  charming,  and  the  manner  in  which  she  has  made  this  girl  instrumental 
in  the  downfall  of  the  Utopian  dream  is  original  and  convincing.  The  young 
husband  is  also  cleverly  conceived,  and  Uncle  David,  the  simple  old  American 
who  believes  in  everybody  and  everything  until  the  last  moment,  is  a  delightful 
character.  The  story  is,  moreover,  full  of  incident,  which  is  graphically  de- 
scribed, the  accounts  of  the  prairie  fire  and  the  trial  by  jury  in  the  little  back- 
woods town  being  especially  good.  Altogether  '  Perfection  City  '  is  a  novel  to 
be  read." — New  Saturday. 

"The  story  is  instructive,  entertaining,  and  admirably  related." — Scotsman. 

A  NEW  AUSTRALIAN  ROMANCE. 

THEY  THAT  SIT  in  DARKNESS.    A  Story  of 

"the  Never  Never  Land."  [This  day. 

A  NEW  HISTORICAL  ROMANCE. 

A  PEARL  of  the  REALM.    By  A.  C.  Glyn. 

"A  clever  and  original  book.  The  story  is  remarkably  interesting  from 
start  to  finish.  Marjorie  is  a  very  pearl  of  womanhood  in  her  sweetness, 
courage,  and  loyalty,  and  her  hairbreadth  escapes  from  her  brutal  guardian 

are  really  thrilling The  style  is  at  once  bright  and  controlled,  and  the 

characters  are  subordinated  to  the  events.     A  fresh  and  delightful  novel." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

"The  novel  in  all  respects,  in  the  cleverly  constructed  dialogue,  in 
expressions  peculiar  to  the  age,  in  the  bright  descriptive  scenes,  and  in  the 
ingeniously  devised  situations,  is  one  of  conspicuous  merit." — Scotsman. 

"  Among  the  season's  literature  '  A  Pearl  of  the  Realm '  should  take  high 
rank." — Manchester  Courier. 

A  SECOND  LARGE  EDITION  OF  ADELINE  SERGEANT'S 

NOVEL. 

The  IDOL  MAKER. 

"'The  Idol  Maker'  is  entitled  to  rank  among  the  best  fiction  of  the 
Victorian  age.  In  conception  and  execution  alike  this  story  displays  the 
wholesome  qualities  which,  at  diiTerent  times,  conferred  world-wide  and 
lasting  popularity  upon  'The  Mill  on  the  Floss 'and  'Diana  Tempest.'  Miss 
Sergeant's  literary  masterpiece." — Daily  Telegraph. 

"  The  story  is  interesting  from  first  to  last." — Daily  Nines. 

"The  novel  will  rank  among  the  author's  best,  which  is  saying  a  great 
deal." — Liverpool  Post. 

"  Miss  Sergeant  lias  clone  nothing  that  will  be  read  with  greater  interest 
or  with  greater  satisfaction." — Academy. 

BY  VICTOR  CHERBULIEZ. 

WITH   FORTUNE   MADE.      Translated  by 

M.  E.  SIMKINS.     In  crown  8vo.  cloth  gilt,  6s. 

"It  would  be  well  for  English  readers  of  French  fiction  if  the  novels  of 
Victor  Cherbaliez  were  as  well  known  in  England  as  arc  those  of  M.  Zola." 

Daily  Mail. 

"  One  of  the  most  delightful  of  the  tales  of  Victor  Chcrbuliez.  The  reader 
will  find  humour  and  human  nature,  a  great  deal  of  the  comedy  of  life,  and 
something  of  its  tragedy,  in  this  delightful  and  most  amusing  stow." 

Speaker, 


London :  HUTCHINSON  &  CO.  Paternoster-row. 


:.r,S 


Til  E     ATI!  KN'.KUM 


N  3021,  March  20,  '97 


MR. 


H  El  NEMAN  NTS 
NEW   BOOKS. 


By  Aldam 


By  Andre 


THE  OUTGOING  TURK. 

Impmabai  of  »  Journey  through  the  W(  itorn  Bal  Irani. 

ii    •     THOM80N, 

Autliorof  'The  chitr.il  Campaign.' 

In  l  roL,  demy  8ro.  wttb  tUnttratloni  (rom Orhrlnal 
Photographs,  lif.  net.  [Tuesday, 

This  hook  is  tlir  record  ol  :i  journey  through  the  outlying 
district*  ol  Bosnia  and  the  Hercegorlna,  and  a  oomparoon 
ol  their  present  oonoJtton  with  the  condition  they  were  In 
before  the  Austrian  oocupatlon.  The  author  h:i^  added  a 
brief  summary  ol  the  onuses  that  have  led  to  the  pi 
situation  In  Turkey!  and  a  consideration  of  the  effect  likely 
to  be  produced  upon  it  by  the  Impending  Insurrection  In 
Macedonia. 

LITERATURES  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Edited  hy  EDMUND  GOSSE.     Vol.  I. 

A  HISTORY  OF  ANCIENT  GREEK 

LITERA.TURB.  By  QILBBBT  MURRAY,  M.A..  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Glasgow.  Large 
crown  8vo.  6*. 

SEVENTEENTH     CENTURY 

STUDIES.     By  EDMUND  GOSSE.     A  New  Edition, 

uniform  with  '  Critical  Kit-Kats,'  &c.    1  vol.  buckram, 

7s.  6d. 

Times.—"  Equipped   with  full  knowledge,  sound  critical 

instinct,  and  an  interesting,  easy  style,  Mr.  Gosse  appeals 

to  the  student  and  to  the  general  reader  alike." 

BEAUTY  AND   ART. 

HEATON.     1  vol.  6s. 
British  Architect. — "  Mr.  Heaton  is  an  artist  and  a  crafts- 
man  who  has  done  much   good  work,   and   his  book   is  a 
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principles.' 

ROMANTIC   INDIA. 

CHEVRILLON.    1  vol.  7s.  6rf.  net. 
Times. — "  We  are  made  to  see  the  scenery  and  incidents  of 
a  winter  trip  to  India  in  a  new  light — the  light  in  which 
they  present  themselves  to  an  amiable  and  spiritual  French- 
man." 

NOVELS. 
THE   OUTSPAN:   Tales  of  South 

Africa.    By  J.  PERCY  FITZPATKICK.    1  vol.  3s.  6d. 

[  Tuesday. 

FLAMES :  a  London  Phantasy.     By 

ROBERT  HICHENS,  Author  of  '  The  Green  Carnation.' 

1  vol.  6*. 
Daily   Telegraph. — "  It  carries  on    the  attention  of    the 
reader  from  the  first  chapter  to  the  last.    Full  of  exciting 
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THE  SPOILS  OF  P0YNT0N.     By 

HENRY    JAMBS,    Author    of    'The    Other    House.' 

1  vol.  6s. 
National  Observer.—"  One  of  the  finest  works  of  the  imagi- 
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press  for  several  years." 

THE  MAN  OF  STRAW.    By  Edwin 

PUGH,  Author  of  '  A  Street  in  Suburbia.'    1  vol.  6s. 
Daily   Telegraph. — "  Every  stroke  of   his  pen  brings  con- 
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he  selects  his  incidents  with  marvellous  skill." 

THE    LITTLE     REGIMENT.      By 

STEPHEN    CRANE,   Author  of    'The  Red    Badge  of 
Courage.'    Pioneer  Series.    Cloth,  3s.  net ;  paper,  2s.  6d. 
net. 
Times.—"  Graphic  descriptions,  pathetic  pictures,  exciting 
situations." 

A     PINCHBECK     GODDESS.      By 

Mrs.  J.  M.  FLEMING  (Alice  M.  Kipling).     1  vol.  3s.  &d. 
Daily  Chronicle.— "  Very  bright,  witty,  and  amusing.    A 
clever  and  entertaining  story." 

ON  THE  FACE  OF  THE  WATERS. 

By   FLORA  ANNIE  STEEL,  Author  of   'The   Potters 
Thumb,'  4c.     1  vol.  6s.    Twentieth  Thousand. 
full  Mall  Gazette.—"  Mrs.  Steel  has  managed  to  set  the 

Mutiny  before  us  till  it  is  more  like  a  personal  recollect  Ion 

of  our  own  than  a  tale  told  to  us." 

LOVE  FOR  A  KEY.    By  G.  Colmore, 

Author  of  'A  Daughter  of  Music'  Pioneer  Series. 
Cloth,  3s.  net ;  paper,  2s.  6c/.  net.  f  Wednesday. 

London : 
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AND  BOOKS  hi /.Fits'. 

NEW  BTORY  BY    THi:    AUTHOR    OF   'DIANA 
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A  DEVOTEE. 

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Author  of 
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cate also  the  Phases  of  the  Moon,  and  when  Eclipses  will  take  place. 
This  simple  invention,  in  principle,  is  exactly  the  same  as  Philips' 
"  Kevolving  Planisphere."  but  only  the  stars  forming  the  Zodiacal  Belt 
are  indicated  on  the  circular  disc,  within  which  the  motions  of  all  the 
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and  lucid  explanations."— Dtiilv  Graphic. 


PHILIPS  POPULA  R  TECHNICAL  MODELS. 
l.  MODEL  of  aHORIZONTALSTEAM 

ENGINE,  furnished  with  Meyer's  Variable  Expan- 
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THE    ATHENJEUM 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 

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369 


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SBW  BOMAWOB  I!Y  MR.  WILLIAM  MORRIS. 

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a  vols.  Bvo 


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SATURDAY,  MARCH  20,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

Dr.  Donaldson  Smith's  African  Travels    

Reprinted  Papers  of  Prof.  Skeat      

A  Hebrew  Fragment  of  Ecclesiasticus      

A  Book  on  the  Sporting  Dukes  of  Richmond      ... 
New  Novels  (Clarissa  Furiosa;    Under  the  Circum- 
stances;  The  Speculators  ;   Out  of  the  Darkness; 

A  Modern  Judas) 3'4' 

Books  on  Greek  Literature       

Scottish  Fiction         

Books  on  English  Literature    

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books     

'The    Centenary    Burns';     Two     Prothalamia  ; 

Sale;    The   Spring    Publishing    Season;    St. 

Patrick        ' 

Literary  Gossip         

Science-Elementary  Mathematical  Books;  Prof. 

Sylvester;    Astronomical    Notfs;    Prof.    H. 

Drummond;  Societies;  Meetings 382- 

Fine  Arts-The  Institute  of  Painters  in  Water 

Colours  ;  The  Serangeum  in  the  Pir/eus  ;  Sales  ; 

Gossip  _  SSi 

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Week 387 

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PAGE 

371 
372 
372 
373 


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388 


LITERATURE 


Through  Unbwwn  African  Countries.  By 
A.  Donaldson  Smith,  M.D.  Maps  and 
Illustrations.  (Arnold.) 
Hitherto  Americans  have  not  taken  a  par- 
ticularly prominent  part  in  the  scientific 
exploration  of  Africa,  and  it  is,  therefore, 
all  the  more  gratifying  that  in  Dr.  A. 
Donaldson  Smith  they  should  have  found 
a  representative  whose  labours  have  con- 
siderably enlarged  our  knowledge  of  the 
geography  and  natural  history  of  that  con- 
tinent. Like  all  men  who  have  been  success- 
ful in  exploration,  Dr.  Smith  underwent  a 
careful  preparation  for  the  task  he  had  set 
himself.  This  was  no  less  an  achievement 
than  reaching  Lake  Rudolf  from  the  east. 
The  difficulties  of  such  an  undertaking  were 
sufficiently  formidable,  and  there  were  not 
wanting  persons  well  acquainted  with  Somali 
and  Galla  Land  who  looked  upon  them 
as  insurmountable  in  the  case  of  a  small 
caravan,  such  as  Dr.  Smith  proposed  to 
organize.  These  difficulties,  moreover,  were 
unduly  increased  by  the  violent  conduct  of 
Prince  Ruspoli  and  Capt.  Bottego,  who  had 
preceded  the  author  in  the  same  region. 

"The  lines  of  march  of  the  two  above- 
mentioned  travellers  were  marked  by  continual 
attacks  upon  the  natives,  and  naturally,  there- 
fore, the  Dagodi  fled  as  we  approached  the 
Web." 

Dr.  Smith,  too,  had  to  do  some  fighting ; 
but  in  his  case  the  natives  were  evidently  the 
aggressors,  and  he  had  to  act  in  self-defence. 
In  the  end  he  always  made  peace  with  his 
foes,  and  his  fair  dealings,  like  those  of  his 
countryman  Mr.  Chanler,  have  smoothed 
the  path  for  future  travellers.  The  narrative 
is  likely  to  please  a  large  circle  of  readers, 
for  Dr.  Smith  experienced  the  adventures 
inseparable  from  a  journey  through  a  wild 
country  ;  proved  himself  a  formidable  sports- 
man in  a  region  still  heavily  stocked  with 
big  game ;  brought  homo  an  invaluable 
natural  history  collection,  a  portion  of  whioh 
is  described  by  specialists  in  half  a  dozen 
appendices ;  and  last,  not  least,  achieved 
considerable  success  as  a  geographical  ex- 
plorer and  discoverer. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  spots  visited 
by  him  is  tho  settlement  of  tho  descendants 


of  a  Sheikh  Husein,  in  the  country  of  the 
Arusi  Galla.  This  Mohammedan  missionary 
settled  in  the  country  two  hundred  years  ago, 
and  seems  to  have  established  a  family  ot 
the  faithful  in  the  midst  of  a  population  ot 
Kafirs  by  taking  unto  himself  numerous 
Galla  wives,  a  method  of  propagating  the 
faith  not  open  to  Christian  missionaries. 
Even  in  the  short  space  of  two  cen- 
turies this  "saint"  has  become  a  legendary 
personage,  and  the  fine  stone  tomb  which 
covers  his  remains  is  supposed  to  have 
sprung  into  existence  in  a  single  night.  The 
visit  to  this  region,  lying  half  way  on  the 
direct  road  from  Berbera  to  Kafa,  brought 
Dr.  Smith  into  contact  with  the  Abyssmians, 
who  had  raided  the  country  as  far  east  as 
Ogadon : — 

"The  Gallastold  us  of  great  atrocities  per- 
petrated by  the  Abyssinians,  who  had  com- 
pletely subjugated  them  four  years  previously, 
carrying  off  their  boys  and  girls  as  slaves,  and 

capturing    all    their    cattle  and    sheep We 

passed  many  villages  from  which  all  the  people 
had  fled,  but  we  had  made  good  enough  friends 
of  two  youthful  Gallas  now  to  trust  one  of  them 
to  run  ahead  and  tell  their  people  that  friends 
were  coming— not  Abyssinians,  but  white  people 
from  a  far-off  country  who  wished  to  travel 
peacefully  and  make  friends  with  every  one; 
when  we  wanted  food,  we  told  them,  we  would 
pay  for  it,  as  we  were  rich  in  cloth  and  many 

things  the    natives    would    find   useful .On 

reaching  some  water-holes  called  Roko,  a  chief 
of  a  village  near  by  rushed  out  to  meet  us,  and 
implored°us  to  recover  a  lot  of  sheep  and  cattle 
the  Abyssinians  had  just  carried  off,  and  which, 
he  said,  had  belonged  to  his  dead  brother." 

Walda  Gabra,  the  Abyssinian  governor, 
treated  our  author  most  hospitably,  but  per- 
mission to  go  on  to  Kafa  was  courteously 
refused,  and  Dr.  Smith  had  reluctantly  to 
retrace  his  steps  to  the  east.  But  before 
leaving  this  portion  of  Gallaland  he  was 
able  to  visit  a  remarkable  underground 
channel  of  the  river  Web,  within  which  the 
action  of  the  water  has  worn  the  coral  lime- 
stone into  columned  chambers,  one  of  which 
the  natives  seem  to  have  used  as  a  place  of 
sacrifice  for  generations  past. 

"There  was  an  enormous  fireplace  on  one 
side,  over  and  about  which  were  hung  various 
offerings  that  had  been  made  to  Wak,  consisting 
principally  of  wooden  vessels,  stringsof  cowry 
shells,  sheepskins,  and  leather  straps." 

A  wide  sweep  through  the  pastoral 
regions  of  the  southern  Gallas  brought  our 
author  to  the  fertile  mountain  districts  lying 
to  the  north  of  Lakes  Stephanie  and  Rudolf. 
Here  he  trod  new  ground,  for  although 
Prince  Ruspoli  had  reached  the  Sagan, 
called  Amara  Galana  by  Dr.  Smith,  no 
traveller  had  ever  penetrated  beyond.  Tho 
first  agricultural  tribes  with  whom  our  author 
came  into  contact  were  the  Amara  and  Konso, 
who  are  well  known  on  the  east  coast, 
being  visited  by  trading  caravans  from  the 
Benadir  ports.  Leon  des  Avanchers,  some 
forty  years  ago,  was  told  that  they  wero 
white,  had  books,  and  were  Christians.  None 
of  these  things  is  applicable  to  the  "negroes  " 
visited  by  Dr.  Smith,  but  the  Konso,  cer- 
tainly, are  tho  most  civilized  and  intelligent 
people  in  this  part  of  Africa.  They  weave 
excellent  cloth,  and  cultivate  coffee,  tobacco, 
and  cereals. 

Even  moro  interesting  is  Dr.  Smith's 
account  of  tho  Dumo  "  pigmies."  A  dwarfish 
race,  contemptuously  called  "  Doko,"  had 
long  been  known  to  exist  to  the  south  of 


Abyssinia,  and  individuals  of  the  tribe  had 
been  seen  and  described  by  D'Abbadie,  Dr. 
Krapf,  and  others  ;  but  it  was  reserved  for 
Dr.  Smith  to  visit  them  for  the  first  time  in 
their  native  homes.  His  account  of  them 
is  all  too  short : — 

"They  were  remarkably  uniform  in  size, 
reaching  about  5  ft.  in  height.  I  did  not 
measure  them  accurately  for  fear  of  frightening 
them.  Their  chief  characteristics  were  a  black 
skin,  round  features,  woolly  hair,  small  oval- 
shaped  eyes,  rather  thick  lips,  high  cheek 
bones,  a  broad  forehead,  but  not  remarkably 
receding,  and  very  well  formed  bodies.  Their 
lips  were  rather  broad,  and  the  lumbar  vertebra 
curved  a  little  farther  forward  than  is  usual, 
even  in  black  races ;  but  their  features  were  not 
very  prominent,  and  did  not  disfigure  them  as 
they  do  in  the  case  of  the  Hottentots.  They 
reminded  me  very  much  of  a  dog  in  the  expres- 
sion of  their  eyes — sometimes  timid  and  sus- 
picious looking,  sometimes  very  amiable  and 
merry,  and  then  again  changing  suddenly  to  a 

look  of  intense  anger Formerly  they  lived 

principally  by  hunting,  and  they  still  kill  a 
great  many  elephants  with  their  poisoned 
arrows  ;  but  by  the  gradual  encroachment  of 
other  tribes  most  of  the  game  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Dume  has  been  driven  away." 
The  Dume  now  number  only  a  thou- 
sand souls,  and  the  time  when  they  will 
be  merged  in  their  taller  neighbours 
is  approaching  rapidly.  Ample  evidence 
of  this  gradual  absorption  is  furnished 
by  Dr.  Smith,  for  the  Bunno,  Kuli,  and 
Mela,  in  the  same  region,  are  apparently  of 
pigmy  origin,  although  there  are  "many 
good-sized  individuals  among  them." 

Dr.  Smith  failed  to  solve  one  of  the  few 
great  problems  remaining  in  African  geo- 
graphy, namely,  the  course  of  the  Omo.  It 
is  now  more  than  four  hundred  years  ago 
that  Era  Mauro,  trusting  to  information 
received  from  Abyssinian  Christian  pil- 
grims, made  that  river  flow  through  Galla- 
land into  the  Indian  Ocean.  Many  hypo- 
theses have  been  started  since,  and  whilst 
some  adhered  to  the  ancient  idea,  others 
looked  upon  the  Omo  as  one  of  the 
head-streams  of  the  Nile  or  made  it  the 
principal  source  of  supply  of  Lake  Rudolf 
or  of  Lake  Stephanie.  The  problem  is  a 
problem  still.  Dr.  Smith  seems  inclined  to 
connect  the  Omo  with  the  Jub,  but  the 
available  head-streams  of  this  river  have 
been  traced  by  Bottego  and  Grixoni  until 
they  dwindle  into  mere  mountain  torrents. 
Tho  Sobat  seems  to  be  quite  out  of  the 
question  as  the  lower  course  of  the  Omo. 
The  Omo  may  possibly  lose  itself  in  Lake 
Abala,  seen  from  a  distance  by  M.  Borelli, 
and  lying  far  to  the  north  of  Lake  Abaya, 
first  visited  by  Dr.  Smith.  For  the  present, 
at  all  events,  the  evidence  in  favour  of  its 
finding  its  way  to  Lake  Rudolf  is  still  the 
strongest.  The  Nianam,  a  comparatively 
small  river  as  described  by  Dr.  Smith, 
would  scarcely  enable  a  lake  covering 
4,000  square  miles  and  lying  for  the  most 
part  within  a  rainless  region  to  maintain  its 
level.  Dr.  Smith  saw  this  river  in  July  ;  its 
appearance  after  the  heavy  rains  of  October 
and  November  is  likely  to  be  mucli  more 
formidable. 

At  all  events,  this  is  a  problem  the  solu- 
tion of  which  merits  a  serious  effort,  and 
no  ono  is  better  qualified  for  such  an 
undertaking  than  the  author  of  the  volumo 
before  us.  If  he  succeeded  in  reaching 
the  scene  of  his  recent  exploits  by  starting 


T  II  i:    A  T  II  E  \  .i:  D  M 


from   Kieimavu,   tli.    tribes  around  which 

hai  ■  j  enter  d  i<  fcions 

with  the  British  authorities,  he  would 
only  lie  enabled  to  reveal  to  us  the  mysti  i 
of  the  broad  plain-  of  the  Boran  country, 
but  might  alsoBuooeed  in  diverting  to  British 

East   Africa    the  trad.-   which    now  finds    its 
way  to  Barawa  and  other  northern  ports. 

Dr.  Smith  on  his  return  followed  the 
eastern  shore  of  Lake  Rudolf,  as  had  been 
done  before  him  by  Count  Teleki,  and  has 
Bince  by  Mr.  Neumann;  but 
between  that  lake  and  the  Upper  Tana  ho 
again  passed  through  a  region  not  visited 
1  icf ore.  This  brought  him  into  the  country 
of  the  Eendile,  a  tall  and  handsome  people, 
"with  complexions  as  light  as  the  Somalia 
and  strong  Hamitio  features."  They  had 
"camels  by  the  thousands,  and  camels  of  a 
far  superior  breed  to  the  Somali  animals, 
and,  what  was  better  for  us,  they  were 
anxious  to  sell  their  animals."  In  the 
midst  of  this  barren  and  dry  region  of  bush 
there  rises  a  splendid  mountain  group  called 
Marsabit. 

"  According  to  European  ideas  nothing  could 
be  more  charming  than  this  Marsabit.  Sur- 
rounded by  a  large  forest,  and  lying  on  the  top 
of  the  mountain,  is  a  lake  a  mile  square,  clear 
and  deep.  The  jagged  walls  of  a  crater  form  a 
semicircle  about  it,  while  from  another  side  a 
broad  road  leads  out  from  the  forest  to  the  open 
meadows  beyond.  The  atmosphere  is  moist  and 
cool.  In  the  early  morning  dense  clouds  are 
swept  along  by  invigorating  blasts  of  cold  air, 
combining  with  the  dew  of  night  to  freshen  up 
the  plants  and  trees.  Outside  the  forest  the 
view  is  superb.  For  five  miles  you  see  a  series 
of  green  meadows  sloping  gradually  downward, 
on  which  are  grazing  many  sheep  and  goats  ; 
whde  far  off  to  the  west,  beyond  the  yellow  plain, 
rises  rugged  Kulol,  and  a  still  greater  mountain 
below  it— Mount  Nyiro." 

The  appendices  dealing  with.  Dr.  Smith's 
natural  history  collections  have  already 
been  referred  to,  nor  should  a  short  mention 
of  the  maps  be  omitted.  They  are  excellent 
of  their  kind,  and  satisfactorily  record  the 
main  geographical  results  of  one  of  the  most 
successful  expeditions  ever  undertaken  in 
North-Eastern  Africa.  The  book  is  printed 
on  fine-looking  paper,  unfortunately  covered 
with  some  adhesive  material,  which  neces- 
sitates its  being  carefully  guarded  against 
moisture. 

A  Student's  Past  hue  :  being  a  Select  Series  of 
Articles  reprinted  from  'Notes  and  Queries' 
By  the  Rev.  Walter  W.  Skeat,  Litt.D. 
(Oxford,  Clarendon  Tress.) 
Prof.  Skeat  greatly  enjoys  a  game  at 
etymology  —  indeed,  he  probably  prefers 
such  sport  to  football  or  golf,  and  he  is  a 
good  player,  and  what  is  more  a  good  play- 
fellow, though,  it  would  seem,  mostly  too 
strong  for  his  antagonists  in  Notes  and 
Queries,  who  often  fail  to  score.  Still 
these  gentlemen  have  served  his  turn; 
they  havo  set  the  ball  agoing,  and  enabled 
the  Professor  to  make  some  highly  effective 
bits.  Perhaps  their  feelings  have  at  times 
been  sorely  tried  to  find  themselves  loft  so 
completely  in  tho  lurch.  It  may  havo  re- 
quired some  effort  to  boar  the  situation  with 
a  good-temporod  acquiescence.  To seo  ono's 
pet  theories  knocked  all  to  pieces  and  to  have 
all  attempts  at  their  protection  utterly  scornod 
and  routed— this  must  be  a  vexatious  expe- 
rience; and  one  can  gather  now  and  then  from 


N°362l,  Ma»  b  20,  '97 


Prof.  Skeat's  volume  that  it  was  not  usually 
I       But    if    people    will   put    forward 
Statements     that    are     baseless     and     bj 
theses    that   are   purely    foolish,    they    must 

Look   out  for  squalls  when  such  a  ket 

eyed  critic  as  Dr.  Skeat  is  in  tho  neigh- 
bourhood. II.-  L|  a  true  dunoea1  hammer. 
Or  ho  may  bo  compared  to  Talus  in  tho 
'Faerie  Queene'  with  that  terrible  flail  of 
his.  Every  week,  to  speak  metaphoric- 
ally, tho  field  of  his  "  prowess  "  must  fa 
been  strewn  with  bodies  and  fragments  of 
bodies — a  gruesome  spectacle  ;  and  there  in 
the  middle  of  it  must  havo  been  seen  the 
Professor,  altior  insargens,  looking  round 
fiercely  for  some  one  else  to  "como  on,"  his 
learned  gown  trailing  its  tail  on  the  ground 
to  tempt  yet  another  trespasser  to  his  de- 
struction. Happily  in  the  volume  before 
us  the  remains  of  the  victims  have  been 
nearly  altogether  removed,  and  the  arena 
has  been  smoothed  and  resanded.  And 
the  author  is  quietly  jubilant  and  smiling, 
looking  as  if  he  had  never  smitten  or  could 
smite  any  offender. 

Certainly  his  foes  have  proved  serviceable. 
They  have  led  him  to  investigations  which 
he  might  never  have  made,  and  which  were 
worth  making;  they  have  forced  him  to 
conduct  these  investigations  with  special 
care  and  precision  lest  he  should  find  him- 
self tomahawked  instead  of  being  the  toma- 
hawker ;  and  no  doubt  they  have  sometimes 
at  least  brought  before  him  slips  and  errors 
in  his  own  previous  work.  For  the  distinc- 
tion of  Prof.  Skeat  is  not  that  he  has  not 
made  mistakes  and  never  been  bold  and 
"previous"  to  the  degree  of  rashness,  but 
that  he  has  always  been  so  alert  to  pick  him- 
self up  when  he  has  stumbled,  and  to  walk 
more  warily  —  that  he  has  so  readily  and 
frankly  acknowledged  himself  in  error  when 
ho  has  found  himself  so.  Thus  :  "I  regret 
that  in  [the  first  edition  of]  my  Dictionary 
the  account  of  deal  in  the  sense  of  '  deal 
board  '  is  utterly  wrong,"  &c.  It  is  this  ad- 
mirable docility  that  has  made  Prof.  Skeat  so 
eminent  a  scholar.  Fas  est  et  ah  hoste  doceri, 
as  well  as  ab  amico.  It  may  confidently  be 
said  of  him  that  he  has  fought  not  for  vic- 
tory or  merely  to  glorify  himself,  but  for 
the  truth's  sake — from  an  earnest  desire  to 
ascertain  the  real  facts  of  each  case  and  to 
arrive  at  a  warrantable  conclusion.  And 
fighting  with  adversaries  haud  impares  Achilli 
has  not  resulted  in  his  demoralization,  as  it 
might  well  have  done.  For  not  often  can 
he  have  felt 

the  stern  joy  which  warriors  feel 

In  foemen  worthy  of  their  steel, 

though  that  )(W')  was,  it  seems,  not 
altogether  denied  him  by  the  gods.  For 
tho  most  part  his  opponents — "Mr.  P  " 
"Mr.  M.,"  "W.  B.,"  &c  —  seem  to  havo 
been  mere  minnows  by  tho  side  of  a  Triton 
— persons  who  cling  to  tho  belief  that  etymo- 
logy is  mere  guesswork,  and  that  one  man's 
guess  is  pretty  much  as  good  as  another's, 
and  that  to  interfere  with  tho  right  of 
guessing  is  an  outrage  on  their  natural 
rights.  The  reign  of  law  in  phonetics  is 
not  an  idea  that  has  yet  occurred  to  these 
people,  nor  the  idea  that  history  must  be 
heard  when  wo  trace  tho  descent  of  words. 
It  is  amazing  what  gulfs  of  ignorance  are 
made  darkly  visible  by  Prof.  Skeat's  pages  ; 
they  "  cannot  be  sounded  "  ;  thoy  have  "  an 
unknown  bottom,  like  the  bay  of  Portugal." 


JI"'  lual  to  the  occa- 

sion    Like    Beowulf,  he  plunges  into  tho 
abyss  and  does  (]■ 

The  literary  result  is  a  volume  of  not 
unmixed,  but  on  the  whole  of  very  con- 
siderable value,  a  volume  that  ought  to  be 
perused  by  all  "  general  readers,"  and  ■ 
tainly  deserves  a  place  in  every  student's 
library.  It  is  now  and  then  entertaining, 
for  Prof.  Bkeat  has  a  dry  humour  of  his 
own  ;  and  it  is  often  a  ludicrous  sight  to 
seo  him  carefully  "fixing"  some  culprit  in 
the  stocks  or  tho  pillory.  He  cannot  help 
smiling  himself  in  a  certain  grim  manner, 
indignant  as  ho  is  with  audacious  mis- 
statements and  fondly  hugged  absurdities  ; 
for,  indeed,  he  is  never  malignant,  and  it 
is  the  sin  rather  than  the  sinner  that  ho 
"  goes  for."  And,  with  some  few  exceptions, 
the  result  is  informing  and  instructive. 
There  are  few  who  would  not  learn  some- 
thing from  notes  so  various  and  often  so 
erudite.  Here  is  knowledge  in  the  making. 
Several  of  Prof.  Skeat's  conclusions  as  here 
stated  are  now  generally  accepted  as  trust- 
worthy ;  and  what  he  writes  is  always  sug- 
gestive and  useful  one  way  or  another.  He 
deserves  well  of  the  republic  for  this  as  for 
many  other  contributions  to  scientific  pro- 
gress, that  is,  to  the  progress  of  scientific 
etymology.  "  It  is  a  pleasure  to  observe," 
he  writes  near  the  end  of  his  introduction, 
"  that,  in  spite  of  recurring  outbreaks,  guess- 
work is  no  longer  adored  with  that  blind  ad- 
miration which  it  once  evoked.  Its  ancient 
glory  is  waning,  and  its  acceptance  is  transitory 
and  hesitating  ;  towards  which  hopeful  change 
in  public  opinion  I  claim  to  have  contributed 
somewhat  by  means  of  the  very  articles  which 
are  here  collected  and  reprinted." 

Unquestionably  this  claim  must  be  heartily 
conceded. 

No  doubt  by  this  time  Prof.  Skeat  has 
gained  fresh  light  on  some  of  the  points  he 
discusses.  Thus,  as  to  "  the  pound  of  flesh  " 
story,  he  may  have  learnt  that  Miss  Toulniin 
Smith  had  already  noticed  it  in  the  '  Cursor 
Mundi.'  In  discussing  the  Old  Eng.  astel 
he  does  not  seem  conscious  of  the  Lat. 
hastula.  He  speaks  of  Eobert  of  Gloucester 
with,  perhaps,  too  unfaltering  assurance. 
And  now  and  then,  perhaps,  a  slight  change 
in  the  phrasing  would  give  a  less  "school- 
mastery  "  and  dogmatic  tone  to  certain 
passages,  as,  e.g.,  where  we  read  as  to 
caterwaul:  "  I  hope  I  have  now  made  this 
sufficiently  plain,  and  that  we  may  be  spared 
any  further  discussion  of  this  matter."  But, 
on  the  whole,  the  Professor  deserves  credit 
for  producing  a  highly  interesting  and  valu- 
able book,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  he  may 
find  its  reception  "  sufficiently  encouraging  " 
to  persuade  him  "  to  produce  another  volume 
or  even  two  more  of  a  like  kind,"  as  he 
tells  his  readers  it  would  be  easy  to  do. 


Tlw  Original  Hebrew  of  a  Portion  of  Eccle- 
siastieus  (xxxix.  15  to  xlix.  11),  together 
with  the  Early  Versions  and  an  English 
Translation.  Edited  by  E.  A.  Cowley  and 
Ad.  Neubauer.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

It  was  a  right  decision  on  the  part  of  the 
ruling  theological  authorities  at  Oxford  not 
to  delay  tho  publication  of  the  newly  dis- 
covered Hebrew  fragments  of  Ecclesiasticus 
longer  than  was  absolutely  necessary.  It 
will  be  remembered  that  the  announcement 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


373 


of  this  interesting  find  was  only  made  in 
June  last.  Mr.  Schechter,  Eeader  in  Rab- 
binic  at  the  University  of  Cambridge,  first 
identified  one  leaf  of  Ben  Sira's  original 
composition  among  a  number  of  fragments 
brought  by  Mrs.  Lewis,  of  Sinaitic  fame, 
from  the  East.  Almost  simultaneously  nine 
other  leaves  of  the  same  MS.  arrived  at 
the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  whither  they 
had  been  sent  by  Prof.  Sayce  from  his 
quarters  in  Egypt.  To  Dr.  Neubauer,  the 
guardian  of  the  newly  acquired  treasure, 
was  naturally  assigned  the  editorship  of  the 
fragments,  and  it  was  quite  as  natural  that 
Mr.  Cowley,  his  younger  colleague  at  the 
great  Oxford  library,  should  become  the 
co-editor.  Dr.  Driver,  who  from  the  first 
evinced  a  most  sympathetic  interest  in  the 
subject,  accorded  the  editors  a  very  help- 
ful amount  of  assistance,  and  several 
other  Oxford  scholars  have  also  rendered 
willing  service.  It  would  under  _  such 
circumstances  have  been  a  wonder  if  the 
work  had  not  prospered  and  progressed 
apace,  and  if  much  cause  for  complaint  and 
fault-finding  had  been  left  to  the  reviewer, 
who  has  now  the  privilege  of  furnishing 
some  account  of  the  book. 

The  value  of  the  new  discovery  is  three- 
fold :  it  will,  as  far  as  it  goes,  help  us  to  a 
greatly  improved  understanding  of  several 
of  Ben  Sira's  sayings  ;  secondly,  it  provides 
us  with  an  undoubted  specimen  of  Hebrew 
written  not  much  later  than  200  b.c.  ;  and  it 
is,  moreover,  sure  to  throw  some  not  incon- 
siderable light  on  various  problems  connected 
with  the  criticism  of  the  canon  of  the  Old 
Testament. 

With  regard  to  the  first  point  our  hopes 
must  not  run  too  high.  If  the  whole  of 
the  recovered  portions  of  the  original  had 
been  preserved  in  a  pure  and  uncorrupt 
state,  scholars  would  have  been  much  better 
off.  Such  is,  however,  far  from  being 
the  case.  A  considerable  number  of 
the  extant  lines  are  most  undoubtedly 
corrupt.  The  eleventh  or  twelfth  century 
seribe  to  whose  penmanship  the  fragments 
are  due  wrote  a  clear  and  bold  hand,  but 
the  MS.  from  which  he  copied  must 
have  been  of  a  very  unsatisfactory 
nature.  The  editors  have  done  their  best 
with  what  was  before  them,  but  they 
find  themselves  compelled  to  state  that 
"passages  occur  which,  from  whatever 
cause,  are  obscure,"  and  that  they  cannot 
feel  confident  that  they  "have  seized  the 
sense  of  all  of  them."  Another  cause  of 
difficulty  in  the  correct  mastery  of  Ben  Sira's 
original  meaning  lies  in  the  singularly 
numerous  variants  -which  another  hand  or 
other  hands  have  placed  in  the  margin  of 
several  portions.  But  even  when  all  the 
necessary  deductions  havo  been  made,  tho 
gain  will  be  found  to  be  considerable,  and 
more  especially  so  in  chaps,  xliv.-xlix.  11, 
which  are  the  best  presorved  portions  of  the 
whole,  and  whore  tho  variants  gradually 
diminish  and  finally  disappoar  altogether. 

Next  comes  the  question  of  Ben  Sira's 
Hebrew.*  From  the  book  of  Ecclesiastes, 
which  is  generally  supposed  to  havo  been 

*  It  does  not  lie  within  the  scope  of  this  notice  to  produce 
systematic  evidence  that  wo  indeed  have  the  original 
Hebrew  before  us,  ami  not  a  Hebrew  translation  from  one  of 
the  versions.      It  Is  •nfflcient  to  remark  that  the  following 

are  the  main  ymints  to  consider  :  (1)  the  style  of  the  Hebrew, 
U)  Its  relation  to  the  versions,  (3)  the  marginal  variants, 
(4)  Die  fact  that  Saadyab  Gaon  in  the  tenth  century  had 
the  original  before  him. 


written  about  the  same  time,  or  perhaps  a 
little  earlier,  scholars  would  have  expected  a 
much  less  pure  classical  style  than  is  now 
before  them  in  the  original  of  Ecclesiasticus. 
In  some  portions,  and  especially  in  the ' '  Praise 
of  the  Patriarchs,"  they  are  conscious  of 
finding  themselves  under  the  spell  of  a 
musical  parallelism  which  strongly  reminds 
them  of  the  Psalms,  although  it  would  per- 
haps be  too  much  to  suggest  that  some  of 
Ben  Sira's  compositions  actually  found 
their  way  into  the  Psalter.  The  hypo- 
thesis would  be  a  most  enticing  one;  and 
if  a  large  number  of  the  Psalms  are,  as 
many  critics  believe,  of  Maccabrean  origin, 
may  we  not  also  suppose  Psalms  from 
the  pen  of  Ben  Sira,  who  flourished 
about  forty  or  fifty  years  before  Judas 
Maccabteus  so  valiantly  fought  the  Greeks  ? 
But  Ben  Sira  unfortunately  betrays  some 
decidedly  unclassical  modes  of  thought.  The 
phrase  "  a  prophet  like  fire"  as  applied  by 
him  to  Elijah  may,  perhaps,  be  defended, 
but  it  is  certainly  not  a  Biblical  figure  of 
speech;  and  Ben  Sira's  pious  desire  that  the 
bones  of  the  twelve  minor  prophets  may 
"flourish  out  of  their  places"  is  still  more 
striking  as  a  mark,  not  of  poetic  inspira- 
tion, but  rather  of  the  paucity  of  it.  The 
author  of  Ecclesiasticus,  indeed,  writes, 
apart  from  several  late  Hebrew  words  and 
some  Syriacisms,  fine  and  pure  Hebrew.  His 
verse  also  flows  sweetly  and  gently  for  the 
most  part ;  but  a  poet  of  the  first  rank  he 
does  not  appear  to  have  been,  and  he  un- 
doubtedly occupies  a  lower  position  than 
the  singers  whose  verses  have  been  adopted 
into  the  canon  of  the  Old  Testament.  Ho 
is  inferior  to  the  Psalmists  in  point  of 
fervour  and  elevation,  and  in  comparison 
with  the  author  of  Ecclesiastes  he  lacks 
depth.  The  "  Preacher,"  whose  work  forms 
a  part  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  had  a  message 
to  deliver.  His  task  was  to  demonstrate 
the  hopelessness  of  determined  scepticism 
and  the  vanity  of  mere  enjoyment.  He 
also  succeeded  in  showing  the  human  soul 
what  she  is  like  when  devoid  of  the  higher 
light  of  faith.  One  of  Heine's  remarks 
about  tho  author  of  'Faust'  was  that 
"nature  wanted  to  know  how  she  looked, 
and  she  created  Goethe."  And  so  it  might 
also  be  said  that  the  human  soul,  desiring 
to  know  what  she  is  without  a  sufficient 
realization  of  the  divine,  awoke  to  the  con- 
sciousness of  such  a  condition  in  the  pages 
of  Ecclesiastes.  Ben  Sira,  on  the  other 
hand,  can  lay  no  claim  to  a  special  message. 
He  writes  beautifully  and  instructively  ;  but 
he  is  only  a  writer  of  wise  and  helpful 
sayings,  and  nothing  more. 

We  must,  however,  hasten  on  to  somo 
remarks  on  tho  critical  value  of  the  new  dis- 
coverv.  In  this  respect  our  now  knowledge 
will  no  doubt  cut  both  ways.  The  frag- 
ments beforo  us  show  conclusively  that 
classical  Hebrew  could  be  written,  and 
written  well,  about  '200  b.O.,  and,  moreover, 
that  tho  severo  rhythm  ic  measures  of  Greek 
and  Latin  verso  had  at  that  time  not  found 
their  way  into  Hebrew  poetry.  Thoro  is, 
therefore,  no  reason  to  doubt  that  other  poets 
may  havo  risen  to  even  greater  heights  of 
inspired  religious  utterance  and  composed 
hymns  which  may  havo  found  their  way 
into  the  Psalter  ;  and  if  such  compositions 
wero  possible  oarly  in  the  second  century 
ij  o.,  why  not  also  fifty  years  later,  during 


the  struggles  and  the  young  glories  of  the 
Maccabees  ?  On  the  other  hand,  however, 
Ben  Sira's  work  contains  a  considerable 
number  of  allusions  to  passages  in  different 
books  of  the  Old  Testament  canon.  Several 
phrases  can  be  shown  to  be  reminiscences 
from  the  Psalms,  and  it  is  possible  that 
Ecclesiastes  was  also  already  before  Ben 
Sira.  It  is,  therefore,  not  improbable  that 
the  new  find  will  thus  unexpectedly  establish 
a  "terminus  ad  quern"  for  compositions 
(especially  in  the  Psalter)  which  some  critics 
were  disposed  to  date  later  than  the  time  of 
Ben  Sira. 

That  the  editors  have  accomplished  their 
task  with  great  skill  and  thorough  critical 
tact  will,  we  believe,  be  acknowledged  by  all. 
If  they  have  erred  at  all,  it  is  on  the  side 
of  self-restraint.  They  might  have  emended 
more  than  they  have  done  without  either 
risk  or  presumption.  This  would  also  have 
removed  several  uncomfortable  lines  in  the 
translation.  But  they  have  chosen  the  path 
of  self  -  repression,  and  may  fairly  claim 
credit  for  not  putting  their  own  ideas  too 
much  forward.  Their  sole  object  has  been 
to  provide  the  necessary  materials  for 
scholars  to  work  upon,  and  it  must  be 
allowed  that  they  have  succeeded  admirably. 
Besides  the  Hebrew  text  with  translation, 
they  give  us  the  Greek,  Syriac,  and_  Old 
Latin  versions,  which  have  been  respectively 
revised  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Stenning,  of  Wadham 
College,  Mr.  E.  N.  Bennett,  of  Hertford 
College,  and  the  Rev.  F.  E.  Brightman,  of 
the  Pusey  House,  Oxford.  Dr.  Driver  has 
done  even  more  for  the  work,  for  he  not 
only  revised  the  translation  throughout,  but 
also  prepared  a  glossary  which  will  be  a 
considerable  help  to  students.  Moreover 
the  book  is  adorned  with  two  photographic 
plates,  which  fill  one  with  respect  for  the 
scribe's  fine  bold  hand;  and  besides  'Ben 
Sira's  Proverbs  preserved  in  Talmudic  and 
Eabbinic  Literature '  and  the  so  -  called 
'  Alphabets  of  Ben  Sira,'  a  full  list  of  the 
many  works  quoted  in  the  book  is  added. 
The  publication  is  thus  complete  in  itself, 
having  received  at  the  hands  of  the  editors 
and  their  friends  the  careful  and  elaborate 
treatment  which  it  deserved. 


Records  and  Reminiscences  of  Goodwood  and 
the  Dukes  of  Richmond,  By  John  Kent. 
(Sampson  Low  &  Co.) 
Tins  illustrated  volume  is  creditable  to 
everybody  concerned  in  its  production,  and 
especially  to  the  author  or  compiler,  for  the 
excellent  spirit  to  which  it  bears  witness, 
and  for  tho  appropriately  unpretentious 
fashion  of  its  literary  composition.  Mr. 
Kent  has  already  won  for  himself,  by  his 
'  Pacing  Life  of  Lord  George  Bentinck,'  a 
prominent  position  among  those  trainers  or 
ex-trainers  who  in  those  latter  days,  to  tho 
great  advantago  of  persons  interested  in 
horso-racing  and  its  concomitants,  do  not 
consider  their  life's  work  complete  until 
they  have  appeared  beforo  the  public  in  tho 
capacity  of  authors.  In  his  now  work  Mr. 
Kent  is  free  from  ono  great  difficulty  with 
which  ho  had  to  contend  in  the  earlier,  for 
among  those  Dukes  of  Richmond  who  havo 
had  moro  or  less  personal  connexion  with 
horse-racing  thero  is  none  whoso  name  is 
associated  with  tho  outragoous  betting,  and 
tho    soniotinioa     questionable     proceedings 


374 


T  II  i:     ATHENAEUM 


N°3621,  Maech  20,  '97 


resulting  therefrom,   which    told    more   in 
Kavoux  "t   Lord  Bentim  k'a  ■  itate- 

ness  than  df  his  generosity.  Mr,  Cent,  in 
fart,  does  nol  fail  to  point  out  how  ourious 
it  is  that  there  should  havo  boon  so  intimate 
n  friendship  and  so  cordial  an  understand- 
ing between  Lord  (ieorgc,  to  whoni  raco- 
honeswere  little  more  than  moro  instrune 
of  gambling,  and  tho  fifth  Duko  of  Rich- 
mond  (tho  most  horsey  of  all  his  line),  who 
regarded  betting  and  bettors  with  a  disliko 
bordering  upon  abhorrence. 

Mr.  Kent,  of  course,  has  nothing  to  say 
about  the  Duko  of  Richmond  of  tho  first 
creation,  that  promising  Henry  FitzRoy 
■who  should  havo  been  "  Marcellus "  had 
he  lived,  and  not  much  about  tho 
Stuart  dukes,  for  none  of  them  had  any- 
thing to  do  with  Goodwood.  It  is  not 
unworthy  of  notice,  however,  that  both  the 
first  and  the  last  creation  should  have  been 
in  favour  of  an  illegitimate  scion  of  royalty, 
as  if  the  title  had  been  set  aside,  in  a 
manner,  for  contingencies  of  that  descrip- 
tion. The  first  duke  of  whom  Mr.  Kent 
treats  at  any  length  is  Charles  Lennox,  son 
of  Charles  II.  and  of  Louise  de  Querouaille, 
Duchess  of  Portsmouth,  whose  very  name 
is  unmentioned  by  Mr.  Kent,  though,  on 
the  other  hand,  he  shows  little  regard  for 
the  memory  of  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots.  It 
■was  this  duke  who  settled  at  Goodwood, 
then  described  as  "  a  place  near  Charlton," 
whereas  the  description  would  now  be  exactly 
the  reverse ;  and  it  was  he  who  was  invested 
by  Louis  XIV.  with  the  Dukedom  of  Aubigny 
with  remainder  to  his  mother,  through  whom 
the  title  descended  to  the  second  Duke  of 
Richmond  at  her  death  in  1734.  The 
French  dukedom  was  confirmed  to  the 
fifth  Duke  of  Richmond  by  Louis  XVIII. 
in  1816;  and  as  the  Dukedom  of  Gordon 
was  revived  in  the  person  of  the  present 
(the  sixth)  duke,  whose  father  succeeded  to 
the  estates  of  the  fifth  and  last  Duke  of 
Gordon,  and  took  the  name  of  Gordon  in 
addition  to  Lennox,  he  presents,  as  Mr. 
Kent  duly  observes,  a  rare,  or  even  unique, 
example  in  this  country  of  four  dukes 
rolled  into  one — Richmond,  Lennox,  Gordon, 
Aubigny. 

Mr.  Kent's  work,  as  the  title  indicates,  is 
made  up  from  public  records  partly  and 
from  private  reminiscences  partly.  There 
is  nothing  derogatory  to  him  and  to  his 
volume  in  saying  that,  as  he  evidently  has 
discharged  his  task  rather  like  a  faithful 
and  grateful  admirer  than  a  critical  bio- 
grapher, readers  will  attach  comparatively 
small  importance  to  the  pages  in  which  he 
deals  with  the  public  and  historical  life  of 
the  various  dukes,  records  of  whom  are  to  be 
found  elsewhere,  and  will  turn  with  greater 
curiosity,  if  not  confidence,  to  those  which 
are  concerned  with  the  more  private  matters. 
Among  tho  latter  may  be  included  whatever 
relates  to  horse-racing,  which,  though  in  a 
certain  sense  a  public  affair,  belongs  un- 
doubtedly to  the  category  of  private  enter- 
prise and  expenditure.  It  is  not,  there- 
fore, to  be  regretted  that  the  personal 
reminiscences  greatly  preponderate  over 
the  matter  compiled,  although  with  praise- 
worthy care  and  goneral  accuracy,  from 
records  not  at  all  inaccessible. 

It  will  bo  understood  quite  easily,  after 
what  has  been  said  of  the  commendablo 
spirit  in  which  Mr.  Kent,  as  an  old  servant 


of   tho    ducal    family,  let  about  his  "  labour 

of  love,"  to  dm  his  own  words,  that  he 
cuts  very  short  ind'-cd  his  biographies! 
aooounl  of  the  first  of  the  "Goodwood" 
dukes,  not  evon  mentioning  a  horse-match 

between  him  and  tho  first  Duke  of 
Grafton,  which,  according  to  the  researches 
of  tho  indefatigable  Mr.  J.  B.  Muir,  was 
run  at  Newmarket  when  tho  dukes  wore 
moro  children.  Nor  does  he  care  to  notice 
tho  romantic  story  about  the  second 
duko's  marriage,  which  is  said  to  have 
boon  arranged  for  tho  settlement  of  a 
gambling  debt,  or  about  tho  divorce  of 
his  daughter,  Lady  Sarah  Bunbury ;  or 
to  retell  the  old  anecdote  concerning  tho 
third  duke,  tho  founder  of  Goodwood  races, 
and  Lord  Thurlow,  to  the  effect  that  the 
former  reproached  the  latter  with  humble 
origin,  whereupon  tho  latter  retorted,  before 
the  assembled  peers,  that  the  former  was 
but  "  the  accident  of  an  accident."  Of  the 
fourth  duke — who  nearly  shot  the  Duke 
of  York  in  a  duel,  whose  wife  gave  the 
memorable  ball  at  Brussels,  and  who  died 
lamentably  of  hydrophobia — Mr.  Kent  fur- 
nishes a  lively  and  readable  account,  as  well 
as  of  the  fifth  duke,  who,  when  Earl  of  March, 
distinguished  himself  in  the  Peninsula  and 
at  Waterloo ;  but  of  the  present  duke  he, 
naturally  enough,  says  but  little,  though  he 
is  somewhat  more  communicative  about  the 
Earl  of  March. 

Mr.  Kent  differs  on  a  few  points  of  detail 
from  the  usual  authorities,  and  is  probably 
more  correct  than  they  sometimes  ;  but  he 
has  fallen  into  an  occasional  error  appa- 
rently. "Buckingham"  (p.  29)  is,  of 
course,  an  ordinary  misprint  for  Rocking- 
ham ;  but,  as  neither  name  appears  in  the 
index,  a  good  opportunity  for  making  the 
required  correction  was  lost.  Again  (p.  98), 
Admiral  Rous  is  said  to  have  been  "  half 
brother  to  the  Earl  of  Stradbroke";  but 
they  were  surely  full  brothers,  else  the 
genealogists  agree  to  differ  from  Mr.  Kent, 
who,  however,  may  possibly,  but  quite 
against  commonly  received  opinion,  be 
right.  It  was  the  generally  accepted 
close  relationship  between  the  two  brothers 
which  was  considered  to  give  piquancy 
to  their  wide  divergence  of  views  con- 
cerning the  degeneracy  of  the  modern 
thoroughbred  horse,  and,  as  they  were  both 
members  of  the  Jockey  Club,  concerning 
certain  rules  of  racing.  Then  "  that 
eminent  reformer  and  political  economist, 
Mr.  John  Hume,"  refers,  no  doubt,  to  the 
celebrated  Mr.  Joseph  Hume.  Moreover,  it  is 
stated  (p.  192)  of  the  present  duke  that  "the 
meetings  of  the  Jockey  Club,  when  held  in 
London,  take  place  at  his  residence."  Not 
invariably  ;  the  very  last,  only  a  fow  weeks 
ago,  was  held  at  Lord  Derby's,  but  that,  of 
course,  was  since  the  publication  of  the 
book.  Nor  ("List  of  Illustrations ")  does 
it  seem  quite  correct  to  describo  James  (who 
died  in  1655)  as  the  "last"  of  the  Stuart 
Dukes  of  Richmond ;  for  how  about  the 
Charles  who  died  in  1672,  when  tho  duke- 
doms of  Richmond  and  Lennox  reverted  to 
King  Charles  II.  ?  As  regards  tho  import- 
ant question  concerning  the  actual  "bodily 
weight"  of  tho  jockey  Kitchener  when  he 
won  tho  Chester  Cup  on  Rod  Deer  for  tho 
fifth  duke,  Mr.  Kent,  who  ought  to  know, 
repeats  his  statement,  mado  in  his  '  Lord 
G.  Bentinck,'  that  it  was  3  st.  1  lb.,  instead 


ol    2st.    l_'lb.     as    is  y    assert    1 

about  once  a    week,    or,   at  any  rat 
and    over     again,     by    a     certain     Bporting 
paper   for   the    information   of    anxious  in- 
quirers. 

I  >i  illustrations  there  are  thirteen,  mostly 
portraits.  Tho  frontispiece  is  a  portrait 
of  tho  present  Earl  of  March,  and  is 
remarkable  for  a  strange,  faint  apparition 
— whether  of  a  poodle  or  of  a  baby  it  is  not 
to  decide —  among  the  ornamental 
fringe  of  foliage.  The  book  has  the  unusual 
equipment  of  two  silken  "markers,"  one 
yellow  and  the  other  scarlet ;  whereof  the 
explanation  is  to  be  found  in  the  "racing 
colours  "  of  the  family.  In  many  of  the 
most  readable  portions  the  contents  are  so 
largely  made  up  of  quotations  that  they 
savour  of  having  been  served  up  more  than 
once  ;  but  the  following  list  of  treasures 
preserved  at  Goodwood  House  may  be  new 
and  attractive  : — 

"A  beautifully  worked  shirt  worn  by 
Charles  I.  ;  a  tray  which  held  his  clothes  when 
an  infant ;  a  watch  which  he  wore  ;  even  &  lock 
of  the  unfortunate  king's  hair  and  the  cup  and 

boat    used   at   his   christening also    a    blue 

cushion,  beautifully  bordered,  upon  which 
Queen  Victoria  knelt  at  her  coronation  ;  a 
cockade  and  marshal's  baton,  borne  by  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ;  and  a  silver  breakfast- 
plate  used  by  Napoleon  on  the  morning  of  his 
last  fight,  and  taken  from  his  carriage  by  our 
soldiers  at  Waterloo." 

Far  too  long  for  reproduction  is  the 
entertaining  reprint  of  a  pamphlet  relating 
to  the  "  Charlton  Hunt,"  wherein  the  reader 
will  come  upon  the  trail  of  a  Monsieur 
St.  Victor,  who  no  doubt  was  the  French 
gentleman  to  whom  England  was  indebted 
for  the  famous  "St.  Victor's  Barb,"  and  upon 
a  short  account  of  a  "banqueting  room" 
called  Foxhall,  whence  the  celebrated 
American  racehorse,  naturalized  in  Eng- 
land, most  probably  derived  his  name. 


NEW  NOVELS. 


Clarissa     Furiosa.        By     W.     E.     Norris. 
(Methuen  &  Co.) 

Mr.  Norris' s  novels  are  always  pleasant 
reading,  and  his  latest  is  no  exception. 
Indeed,  one  cannot  imagine  the  severest 
critic  finding  anything  unkind  to  say  about 
it,  except  that  the  title  is  hardly  a  fair  guide 
to  the  story,  which  developes  rather  upon 
the  lines  of  Clarissa's  restoration  to  what 
her  creator  would  doubtless  hold  to  be  sanity 
than  upon  those  of  her  original  aberration. 
We  are  not  sure  after  all  that  '  Clarissa 
Innamorata '  would  not  have  been  nearer 
the  mark.  Were  it  not  that  Mr.  Norris 
is  above  all  things  urbane,  one  would  be 
tempted  to  suggest  that  he  had  written  this 
book  as  a  kind  of  reductio  ad  absurdum  of 
a  novel  which  had  a  considerable  success 
some  years  ago  (perhaps  owing  more  to 
certain  accessories  than  to  any  merits  in  its 
essentials),  tho  drift  of  which  was  to  impress 
upon  ladies  about  to  marry  that  the  man 
of  their  choice  was  as  likely  as  not  to  be 
a  profligate.  Here,  he  seems  to  say,  you 
have  a  young  woman  of  exalted  ideas  who 
falls  in  love  much  like  others ;  marries  a 
man  whose  past  has  not  been  marked,  to 
put  it  mildly,  by  any  ascetic  interpretation 
of  the  limits  imposed  by  conventional 
morality ;  finds  that  even  after  marriage 
he    is    capable    of     enjoying     himself    in 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 

the  society  of  other  ladies ;  and  tries  the 
experiment  of  living  apart  from  him— an 
experiment  rendered  easier  by  the  fact  that 
she  has  the  money,  and  he,  being  at  least  a 
man  of  fastidious  delicacy  in  such  matters, 
accepts  his  dismissal  all  the  more  meekly 
when  he  realizes  his  dependence  on  her  m 
this  respect.  How  far  the  experiment  suc- 
ceeded may  be  learnt  from  the  book.  01 
course  the  merits  of  a  novel  as  such  have 
little  to  do  with  the  view  of  social  problems 
expressed  in  it,  and  no  reasonable  person  s 
view  of  such  problems  will  be  affected  by 
his  opinion  of  a  novel  dealing  with  them. 
"Hard  cases  make  bad  law,"  and  a_ novel 
is  bound  by  the  law  of  its  existence,  if  it  is 
to  be  interesting,  to  propound  a  hard  case. 
The  real  point  is,  Has  the  author  imagined 
his  people  well,  and  developed  his  story 
intelligently?  and  this  test  Mr.  Norris 
passes  very  satisfactorily.  Possibly  the 
child's  illness  strikes  a  note  rather  too 
grave  for  the  key  of  the  story ;  and  it  cer- 
tainly suggests  a  little  consciousness  that 
the  argument,  if  argument  there  be,  needs 
the  support  of  incidents  outside  of  the 
daily  round.  Would  not  Clarissa,  being 
what  she  is  meant  to  be,  inevitably  have 
"come  round"  without  an  imminent  cata- 
strophe? On  the  other  hand,  the  little 
touch,  after  she  has  ceased  to  be  "Furiosa": 
"If  I  have  done  some  mischief — as  I  dare- 
say I  have — it  is  not  too  late,  I  hope,  to  undo 
it.     I  can't  admit  that  I  was  quite  wrong, 

and  Guy says  that  he  agrees  in  principle 

with  a  great  deal  of  what  I  used  to  urge," 
— this  little  touch  is  human  feminine  nature 
all  over,  as  also  is  the  judgment  pronounced 
upon  her  change  of  view  by  her  sister-in-law 
and  disciple,  who  seems  at  the  moment  to 
have  lost  the  "place  for  repentance"  of 
which  Clarissa  has  been  able  to  avail  her- 
self. We  note  with  some  amusement  that 
the  perversity  of  the  French  language  in 
interchanging  the  meaning  of  "  balls  "  and 
"bullets"  has  entrapped  even  so  good  a 
French  scholar  as  Mr.  Norris,  unless  he 
means  satirically  to  suggest  that  the  average 
French  officer  believes  cannon  to  form  part 
of  the  equipment  of  African  nomads. 

Under  the  Circumstances.  By  Archie  Arm- 
strong. (Smith,  Elder  &  Co.) 
It  is  refreshing  to  come  across  an  intelli- 
gent novel  which  can  be  pleasurably  read  by 
young  and  old.  This  is  a  well-told  story  of 
to-day,  written  in  good  English  and  devoid 
of  those  features  which  render  modern  fiction 
too  frequently  objectionable  to  a  portion  of 
the  public.  If  Mr.  Armstrong  can  continue 
to  supply  literature  of  this  type  he  will 
rapidly  become  a  popular  author.  This 
novel  seems  to  be  his  first  publication. 
Some  of  the  character  sketching  is  good. 
The  lady  who  finds  fault  with  the  children 
and  the  servants  "  when  she  feels  well 
enough,"  and  the  baronet  who  is  ready  to 
"lay  you  any  odds  you  like,  either  way," 
are  good  instances  of  his  skill.  The  faults 
we  have  noted  are  few.  There  is  too  much 
in  one  portion  of  the  story  about  "drifting" 
into  love.  Such  expressions  as  "smashed  to 
smithereens,"  otherwise  than  in  conversa- 
tion, are  best  weeded  out.  The  book  is,  how- 
ever, too  good  to  suffer  materially  from  such 
considerations  ;  but  the  title  is  unlucky  as, 
like  'Our  Mutual  Friend,'  it  is  doubtful 
English. 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


375 


The  Speculators.     By  John  Francis  Brewer. 

(Methuen  &  Co.) 
If  Mr.  Brewer  has  any  originality  of  mind, 
which,  indeed,  seems  to  be  the  case,  there 
is  the  more  reason  to  regret  the  intolerable 
coating  of  affectation  and  coarseness  under 
which  he  conceals  it.  The  "  Perfect  Man," 
the  "Philosopher,"  the  "Earth  Maiden," 
and  the  "Demon"  are  the  names  playfully 
applied  to  some  of  his  characters,  amongst 
whom  the  young  men  are  occupied  in  specu- 
lating upon  their  own  identity  under  the 
name  of  ethics,  and  the  young  women  in 
the  equally  speculative  pursuit  of  the  young 
men.  When  Lady  Colborne's  daughter, 
with  a  view  to  effect,  receives  her  cousin  in 
her  presentation  dress,  train  and  all,  she 
cuts  his  head  open,  like  any  fishwife,  because 
she  finds  he  loves  another.  Later  she  re- 
sorts to  yet  stronger  measures,  while  the 
"Demon,"  who  is  less  violent  in  her  mode 
of  attack,  is  also  more  vulgar  and  more 
successful.  As  for  the  young  men,  we  can 
only  say  that  the  author  has  chosen  to 
caricature  types  which,  if  they  ever  existed, 
we  hope  will  speedily  cease  to  do  so. 

Out  of  the  Darkness.     By  Percy  Fendall  and 

Fox  Eussell.     (Smith,  Elder  &  Co.) 
At  the  moment  when  Sir  Eustace  Bevan, 
Q.C.,  married  man,  and  Monica  Stanforth, 
spinster,  are  making  the  "Great  Kenuncia- 
tion,"  and  sealing  it  appropriately  with_  a 
tender   embrace,   the   unfortunate  and  dis- 
loyal Lady  Bevan  is  expiring  from  failure 
of  the  heart,  the  result  of  a  stormy  inter- 
view  with    her    lover,    Gonzalo,    who    has 
announced  his  intention  of  deserting  her  to 
marry  an  heiress,  Miss  Haidee  E.  Slatter, 
from    'Frisco.     It   will    be    seen    that   the 
interest  of  this  work  turns  upon  permuta- 
tions and  combinations  in  which  sex  is  the 
important  factor.     It  is  for  the  most  part 
fairly    written,    but    its    literary   merit    is 
insufficient  to  commend  the  unpleasant  and 
rather  exhausted  material  of  the  plot.     Sir 
Eustace  is  a  good  deal  to  be  pitied,  but  it 
is  unworthy  of  a  man  of  his  force  of  cha- 
racter to  allow  Monica  to  perceive  an  attach- 
ment which  is  no  compliment  to  her,  and 
but  for  the  freak  of  fortune  above  indicated, 
and  the  unusually  propitious  courses  of  the 
stars,    must    have    ended    in    her    lasting 
sorrow.     Nor  can  we  sympathize  with  his 
conduct  to  his  wife.     It  is  her  misfortune 
to  have  married  him   at  a  time  when  the 
occupations  and  ambition  of  his  profession 
afforded  him  no  leisure,  and  to  have  been 
separated  from  him  by  years  of  indifference 
when  his  enforced  leisure  makes  him  open 
to  the  influence  of  love.     There  is  a  certain 
comic  admiral  whose    heavily  shotted  dis- 
course   is   intended    for   a   relief,    and    an 
imbocilo  curato  who  sits  down    through  a 
cucumber  frame  at  the  operative  part  of  a 
declaration  of  love;  but  these  devices  fail 
to  compensate  for  the  inherent  weakness  of 
the  theme.     It  is  fair  to  say  that  the  lawyer 
and  his  lady-love   are  well  described,   and 
that  an  incidental  run  with  the  hounds  reads 
not  unnaturally. 

A    Modem    Judas.     By   John   F.   Causton. 

(Digby,  Long  &  Co.) 
Lit  Kit  a  it  y  grace  of  stylo  is  not  a  prominent 
feature  in   Mr.  J.  F.  Causton's  story.     The 
volume  consists  of  a  long  narrative  based 


on  a  hackneyed  theme  ;  and  it  would  have 
greater  interest  for  the  general  reader  were 
the  writing  of  a  higher  quality.  It  is  harm- 
less and  innocent  reading ;  but  it  is  not  a 
book  that  will  readily  engage  attention, 
still  less  admiration.  The  author  does  not 
seem  to  have  studied  the  art  of  narrative 
with  any  success. 

BOOKS  ON   GREEK  LITERATURE. 

Women    in   Greek    Poetry.      By   E.    F.    M. 
Benecke.     (Sonnenschein  &  Co.)— This  volume 
consists  in  the  main  of  two  essays,  which  were 
originally     intended,    doubtless     not     without 
alteration  and  condensation,  to  form  part  of  a 
larger   work    "on   the  origin   of   the  romantic 
element   in   literature."     The  first  essay  deals 
chiefly  with  love  between  man  and  woman  as 
it  appeared  to  the  Greek  lyrists  and  tragedians ; 
the  second  with  the  position  of  women  in  Greek 
comedy.    A  number  of  detached  notes  are  added 
in   an   appendix.     The    author,    who   perished 
untimely  by  an  Alpine  accident  in  1895,  is  con- 
cerned to  maintain  the  following  propositions, 
which  are  set  out  on  pp.  104  and  114  of  the 
book.      (1)    Love,    in   the    modern    sense   (or 
"romantic  love"),  as  existing  between  men  and 
women,  was  unknown  in  early  Greece.  (2)  Such 
love  on  the  part  of  men  for  men  was  not  only  a 
fact,   but  was  generally  recognized  as  a  social, 
and  in  some  cases  a  national,  institution.    (3)  In 
extant  Greek  poetry  there  is  no  trace  of  romantic 
love  poetry  addressed  to  women  prior  to  the  time 
of  Asclepiades  and  Philetas.     (4)  In  the  works  of 
these  writers  this  element  suddenly  appears,  not 
in  the  nature  of  an  experiment,  but  as  a  leading 
motive— an  almost  sure  proof  that  they  were 
not   the  originators  of  it.     (5)  The  ■  Lyde     of 
Antimachus  was  a  work  of  such  a  kind,  both  in 
nature  and  in  circumstances  of  production,  that 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  it  was  a 
romantic  love   poem.     (6)  Philetas  and  Ascle- 
piades were  notoriously  admirers  of  the  '  Lyde 
of  Antimachus.     (7)  Therefore  there  is  reason 
to  believe  that  the  romantic  element  appearing 
in  their  poems  was  due  to  the  influence  of  Anti- 
machus,   who    may   thus   be    regarded    as   the 
originator  of  the  romantic  element  in  literature. 
The   essay  on  comedy,   which   is  here  for  the 
moment   ignored,    is   to    the   same   effect,  and 
attempts  to  show  that  the  idea  of  romantic  love, 
crowned  by  marriage,  which  is  the  mam  theme 
of    Athenian    new    comedy,    was    derived    by 
Menander,  through  Philetas  or  Asclepiades,  from 
the  same  Antimachus.     The  book  is  described 
on  the  title-page  as   "printed  for  the   use   of 
scholars,"  and  the  argument,  of  course,  so   far 
as  it  is  fully  treated,   involves  the  citation  of 
many  passages   in  the  original  Greek  and  the 
discussion  of  the  plots  of  many  plays.     In  these 
matters  the  author  is  at  his  best.     He  possesses 
a  considerable  fund  of  learning,  and  writes  with 
humour  and  discernment.    But  his  one  novelty, 
the   suggestion   that  Antimachus  of   Colophon 
effected,  by  a  single  poem,  a  great  revolution  in 
morals  and  literature,  is  an  extravagant  piece  ot 
speculation.     Exceedingly  little  is  known  about 
Antimachus,  and  nothing  at  all  about  the  Lyde 
whose  loss  he  bewailed.     The  poem  winch  he 
dedicated  to   her   memory   has   perished,   and, 
though  we  are  given  to  understand  that  it  was 
very  Ion",  there  is  reason  to  doubt  whether  it 
was  equally  great.     Supposing,  too,  that  it  was 
entirely   admirable,    there  is  still  no   evidence 
to  show  that   it   affected  the  moral  character  of 
Philetas  or  Asclepiades  or  Menander,  or  that 
anyone  of  these  three  affected  the  other  two. 
The  success  of  Menander,  on  the  contrary,  in- 
dicates a  general  progress  in  sentiment,  for  his 

love  stories  must  have  been  congenial  to  his 
audience,  and  it  is  unlikely  that  this  general 
progress    was    either    of    recent    or    ot     literary 

oriein.     It   may  well  be  that   the  early  post- 

Homeric  literature,  mostly  written  by  men  for 
men,  gives  as  false  an  idea  of  Cheek  society  as 


376 


T  II  K     A  Til  KN\KUM 


I  i.  ncii  novels  do  of  French  society.  Certainly 
Euripidei  and  Aristophanes  end  Plato  arc  wit- 
nesses the)  women,  in  spite  of  their  seclusion, 
had  opinion!  of  their  own,  exercised  con- 
siderable inflaenoe,  and  bed  opportunitii 
exhibiting  many  talents  ;  and  il  La  ool  impro- 
beble  that,  when  the  men  bed  failed  in  their 

own   domain    nf    war    ami    politics,    tho    women 

took  advantage  of  the  times  to  improve  their 
position.  Even  without  any  effort  on  their  part, 
there  wen'  abundant  reasons  why  t he  charm  of 
"  domus  et  placens  uxor"  should  have  been 
more  highly  appreciated  in  B.C.  320  than  in  120. 
Apollonixu  of  Perga.  By  T.  L.  Heath,  M.A. 
(Cambridge,  University  Press.)-  Mr.  Heath,  who 
published  BOme  years  ago  a  valuable  work  on  the 
•  Arithmetice  'of  Diophantus,  has  devoted  a  still 

larger  Volume  to  the  '  Conic  Sections  '  of  Apollo- 
nius  of  Perga,  whom  his  contemporaries  and 
successors  loved  to  call  "  the  great  geometer." 
The  greater  part  of  the  hook  consists,  not 
indeed  of  a  translation,  which  would  he  intoler- 
able, hut  of  a  reproduction  in  a  condensed  form, 
with  some  slight  rearrangements,  of  the  veritable 
treatise  of  Apollonius,  BO  far  as  it  is  now  extant. 
In  fact,  only  a  small  part  of  it,  the  eighth  hook, 
is  lost  ;  the  rest  exists  partly  in  the  original 
Greek  and  partly  in  an  Arabic  translation  of 
the  ninth  century,  and  was  published,  with  a 
Latin  version,  by  Halley  in  1710.  Halley,  like 
many  other  geometers  of  his  time,  attempted 
to  reconstruct  the  eighth  book  too,  hut  Mr. 
Heath  confines  himself  to  the  authentic  text. 
His  work  is,  of  course,  not  for  the  multitude, 
which  in  such  matters  is  apt  to  prefer  the  half 
to  the  whole,  and  even  a  leisured  mathematician 
will  probably  dwell  less  on  Apollonius  himself 
than  on  Mr.  Heath's  elaborate  and  excellent 
introduction.  Here,  along  with  some  other 
learning  which  was  sufficiently  accessible  before, 
even  in  English,  he  will  find  several  interesting 
chapters  which,  if  not  entirely  new,  are  at  least 
much  fuller  and  more  accurate  than  any  treat- 
ment of  the  same  subjects  that  we  have  seen 
elsewhere.  The  best  of  these  are,  perhaps,  one 
which  contains  a  collection  of  all  the  proposi- 
tions on  conies  found  in  the  works  of  Archi- 
medes, and  another,  on  the  methods  of 
Apollonius,  which  gives  many  remarkable 
examples  of  the  Greek  geometrical  substitutes 
for  algebra.  On  the  whole,  if  Mr.  Heath  can- 
not hope  to  entertain  a  large  audience,  he  may 
at  least  expect  the  hearty  applause  of  the  few 
who  are  experts  and  enthusiasts. 

Cyrus:  a  Talc  of  the  Ten  Thousand,  by  H.  A.  D. 
Surridge,  M.A.  (Skefiington  &  Son),  is  a  curious 
mixture  of  romance  and  history.  A  company  of 
Saxons,  who  reached  Athens  in  u.c.  421,  there 
make  the  acquaintance  of  Xenophon,  who 
ultimately  induces  them  to  join  the  army  which 
Cyrus  was  collecting  at  Sardis.  After  visiting 
Delphi,  where  Xenophon  consults  the  oracle, 
the  party  sails  for  Ephesus.  Here  one  of  them, 
Adolf  by  name,  has  the  misfortune  to  interrupt 
a  procession  of  the  votaries  of  Diana,  and  is  con- 
demned to  fight  with  beasts  in  the  arena.  He 
does  so  with  great  adroitness,  of  course,  but  is 
surpassed  by  his  brother  Baro,  who,  for  no 
apparent  reason,  resolves  to  tackle  the  last 
animal,  a  raging  bull.  Baro,  seizing  the  bull 
with  one  hand,  gives  it  so  vigorous  a  thump  in 
the  ribs  with  the  other  that  it  is  compelled  to 
he  down  exhausted.  After  this,  the  heroes 
pursue  the  tenor  of  their  way  pretty  evenly 
until  the  battle  of  Cunaxa,  with  which  the  book 
ends.  A  sequel,  however,  is  promised,  which 
will  deal  with  the  retreat.  Mr.  Surridge  assures 
us  that  lie  has  consulted  the  latest  and  most 
learned  authorities,  and  is  of  opinion  that  his 
narrative  will  enable  young  readers  to  under- 
stand many  passages  in  the  Acts  and  to  imagine 
the  state  of  society  among  the  Ephesians  and 
Colossians  whom  St.  Paul  knew.  The  illustra- 
tions, which  are  conspicuously  labelled  "  Drawn 
by  G.  Richards:  Manchester,"  are  of  the  same 
simplicity  as  tho  story,  and  do  not  call  for 
serious  criticism. 


N°3621,  Mabch20,  '97 


■OOTl  in    i  II  i  [OK. 

Tin:   On  i    Miss  Fiona  Marl,-,,, 

stable  A-  Co.)  is  the  fire  of  life  that  kindles  in  the 

•,  beloved  of  Angus  Og,  son  of  the  sun, 
"from  the  meeting  of  whose  lips  are  born  white 
birds,  which  fly  abroad  and  nest  in  lovers'  hearts 

till  the  moment  com..,  when,  on  the  yearning 

lips  of  love,  their  invisible  wings  shall    tx 
kisses  again."      Miss  Maeleod  has  rarely  poured 
herself    out    more    fully    in    profuse    strains    of 
rhythmic    prose   than    in   this  Celtic  tale,  which 
draws  its  inspiration  from  the  remotely  kindred 
districts   of   Brittany  and   the   Hebrides.      Alan 
de    Kerival,    himself    of    Highland    stock,    has 
been    brought    up    by    his   aunt    Lois    and    her 
husband  Tristan,  whose  ancestral  name  he  bears, 
though  there  is  a   mystery  about  his  birth  on 
which   a   tragedy  depends.       Besides  his    aunt, 
the  Marquise,  "  who  loved   the  language  of  her 
people   and    spoke    it,    as    she   spoke   English, 
even  better  than  French,"  her  ancient  servitor 
Ian   Macdonald— known  among  the  Bretons  as 
\  ami   the  Dumb,    being   vocal  in  no  language 
but  his  own— maintained  in  Alan  the  knowledge 
and  love  of  Gaelic  in  addition  to  the  tongue  of 
Armorica,   the  familiar  vernacular  of   Kerival. 
What  a  wealth  of  poetic  tradition  is  open  to  one 
thus  bilingual  it  does  not  need  a  Fiona  Maeleod 
to  recapitulate.      Yet  in  many  an  apt  allusion 
and  citation  we  are  reminded  of  the  romance 
and  magic  of  old  Armorica,  the  ballad  history  of 
the    ancient    Gael.      We    are   too   appreciative 
of  the   gift   our  author  undoubtedly  possesses 
to  cavil  greatly  at  such  digressions,  and  to  our 
thinking  her  English  style  gains  much  from  the 
Celtic  exuberance  of  her  vocabulary  ;  hut  in  the 
interests  of  sound  writing  we  appeal  to  her  for 
self-restraint  in  certain  mannerisms.    We  prefer 
innumerable  to  "innumerous,"  though  the  latter 
has     authority  ;      we    cannot    away    with    the 
fashionable    "  thrid  "    for    thread;    "forwardly 
inclined  "   is  more  precious,  but  not  so  clear  as 
inclined  forward;    and     "wind-wavered"    and 
"litten"  are  strained  and  unnatural.     Unbur- 
dened   of    these   groans,   we   can    unreservedly 
praise  the  poetic  beauty  of  the  tale.    The  Breton 
part  deals  with  the  love  of  Alan  and  his  cousin 
Ynys,    the  Marquis's    daughter,    and   with   the 
tragic  circumstances  which  surround  the  reve- 
lation  of   the  hero's   real   birth.     The  "green 
fire  "  seems  to  have  something  to  do  with  the 
passion  of  Alan  and  his   dark -haired  cousin; 
for   a   betrothal   to   a   prosaic   Andrik   on    the 
lady's  part,  and  certain  passages  between  her 
lover  and  her  sister,  the  tawny-haired  Annaik 
de  Kerival,  count  for  nothing  to  the  enamoured 
pair.     There  are  some  vivid  scenes  in  the  woods 
around  the  old  Breton  manor-house  ;  the  duel 
between  the   relentless   Marquis   and    his    old 
companion   in  arms,   and  the  prowling  visit  of 
the  half- savage  Judik  Kerbastiou  to  the  cypress 
glade    where    Annaik    strays   at   midnight,    are 
among  impressions  to  he  retained.     At  Rona, 
in    the   Hebrides,    Alan  and    Ynys    find    them- 
selves  the  objects  of   superstitious  doubt  and 
terror  to  the  Gaelic  inhabitants.     This  part  of 
the   story   is    realistic   enough.      We    will   not 
attempt  to  solve  the  mystery  of  the  Buachaille 
Ban.    Enough  that  all  spells  at  length  are  lifted, 
and   the  lovers  enter  on  a  life  of  'happiness,  in 
which  the  Celtic  mystic  Alan  sees  the  earnest  of 
transcendental  joys.     We  are  never  quite  sure 
how  far  the  writer  understands  the  vernacular. 
The  translations  here  are  not  very  literal,  and 
the  printer  has  had  his  Sassenach  will  in  some 
of  the  spelling. 

There  is  a  good  deal  of  nobility  in  Mrs.  Tom 
Kelly's  story  of  a  Highland  gamekeeper  and  his 
granddaughter,  who  turns  out  to  be  also  .1 
beddy  in  her  Ain  Richt  (Hurst  A-  Blackett). 
Jaquetta  is  brought  up  in  ignorance  of  her  con- 
dition, but,  has  been  educated  in  an  atmosphere 
of  family  love  and  refinement,  and  on  her 
parents'  death  is  titled  for  the  part   either  of  an 

affectionate  grandchild  to  old  Niel  MacOrinn, 

or  of  a  worthy  mate  to  the  gallant  young  cousin 


whom    she    has    innocently  supplanted    in 
family    honours.       There    in    rather   an   extr. 
dearth   of  incident  in  the  tale,  which  is  hirnpli- 
City  itself  in  the  matter  of  plot  ;  but  the  honest 
and    stately     .  ,  .  u    m 

are   of   a  type  unusual  in    !..  tion,  and   there  u  a 

free  atmosphere  of  hillside  b<  .    ,ut  their 

Surroundings  which  seems  conducive  to  higU 
thoughts  and  generous  sentiments.  .Next  to  the 
charming  heroine,  Niel,  with  his  pietuiesque 
piety,  his  Celtic  sympathy  with  nature,  and 
his  latent  capacity  for  moral  indignation,  is  the 
most  interesting  study  in  the  book. 

"Man,  Andre,  but  ,  i,<,tforye're  [sic] 

,"  is  one  of  the  few  good  things  in  the  very 
pedestrian  story  which  has  been  christened, 
with  some  moral  courage,  In  Our  Kailyard. 
This  addition  to  the  crowd  of  conventional 
imitations  three  degrees  removed  from  Gait 
is  the  work  of  Mr.  \V.  (..  Tarbet,  and  is  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Arrowsmith  of  Bristol. 

The  Young  Clanray.  By  the  Rev.  C.  G.  LaDg 
(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.)— The  title  of  Mr.  Lang's 
book,  which  is  printed  by  request,  and  founded 
on  a  story  told  to  the  boys  of  Magdalen  School, 
is  rather  suspicious  to  an  ear  at  all  attuned  to 
Celtic  surnames.  The  author,  however,  in  his 
modest  introduction  lays  no  claim  to  accuracy 
of  detail,  and  the  chieftainship  of  the  youthful 
partisan  of  the  Chevalier,  as  well  as  his  con- 
nexion with  Clanranald,  may  be  accepted  with- 
out criticism.  That  his  father,  a  Jacobite  in 
arms,  should  in  the  height  of  the  war  receive 
protection  and  reinstatement  in  his  estates  (?) 
through  the  personal  favour  of  Cumberland  is 
in  every  way  more  hard  of  digestion  than  the 
hero's  fancy  name.  For  the  rest,  there  is  plenty 
of  adventure,  a  touch  of  the  mysterious  in  the 
telepathic  powers  of  the  Black  Priest,  and  a  suf- 
ficient family  spook  in  the  wielder  of  "the  Mighty 
Hand  of  the  Clan  Macroy. "  Dorothy  is  a  pleasant 
heroine,  and  the  only  serious  drawback  from 
our  enjoyment  is  the  imbecility  of  the  hero, 
who  is  perpetually  being  delivered  by  his 
friends  from  the  consequences  of  some  impulsive 
folly.  An  idiot  retainer,  who,  for  linguistic 
reasons,  has  been  imported  from  the  Lowlands, 
is  generally  the  dcus  ex  machind.  But  there  is 
considerable  animation  in  this  tale  "of  the '45," 
and  it  may  well  have  pleased  an  audience  of  un- 
critical English  schoolboys  when  related  orally. 


BOOKS    ON    ENGLISH    LITERATURE. 

The  Tale  of  Thrond  of  Gate,  commonly  called 
Fareyinga  Saga.  Englished  by  F.  York  Powell. 
(Nutt.)  —  This,  the  second  volume  of  the 
"Northern  Library,"  is  distinctly  inferior  in 
interest  and  importance  to  the  first  volume, 
which  contained  the  engrossing  and  epically 
dramatic  story  of  King  Olaf  Tryggwason. 
Still,  it  is  not  without  a  real  interest  of  its  own, 
and  Prof.  Powell  has  done  well  in  rendering  it 
into  English  for  the  first  time.  The  strong  point 
of  the  saga  lies  in  the  vivid  characterization  of 
the  principal  actors  in  its  pages.  The  grim, 
cunning,  and  base,  but  resourceful  and  tenacious 
Thrond  is  a  fine  foil  to  the  truly  heroic 
figure  of  his  noble-minded  rival,  Sigmund 
Brestison,  and  there  are  few  tragedies  so 
pathetic  as  the  foul  murder  of  the  latter 
for  the  sake  of  his  big  gold  bracelet,  as 
he  lay  exhausted  among  "the  seaweed  on  the 
beach  of  Soutbray  after  his  famous  swim  from 
Scufey,  so  homerically  described.  This  episode 
would  be  sufficient  of  itself  to  redeem  the  saga 
from  insignificance.  For  the  rest,  the  'F;ereyinga 
Saga,'  to  give  it  its  legitimate  name,  is  somewhat 
unimportant  from  an  historical  point  of  view. 
There  are,  however,  many  interesting  genea- 
logical details  relating  to  the  hading  Fivroemen. 
Prof.  Powell's  translation  is  clear,  simple, 
straightforward,  and  commendably  correct. 
There  is  some  discrepancy,  indeed,  between 
text  and  preface  as  to  the  wraith-raising  scene 
in  chap,  xl.,  which  should  be  corrected,  but 
otherwise  we  have  no  fault  to  find. 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


377 


Yorkshire  Writers :  Richard  Rolle  of  Hampole 
and  his  Folloivers.  Edited  by  C.  Horstman. 
Vol.  II.  (Sonnenschein.) — This  second  volume 
of  Dr.  Horstman's  collection  of  the  mystical 
writers  of  the  north  of  England  in  the  four- 
teenth and  fifteenth  centuries  contains  500  pages 
of  small  print.  Of  these  more  than  forty  are 
occupied  by  the  introduction,  continued  from 
the  preceding  volume,  and  including  an  account 
of  Richard  Rolle's  life  and  writings.  We  can- 
not quite  sympathize  with  the  enthusiasm  which 
leads  the  editor  to  consider  Rolle  as  "one  of 
the  greatest  of  Englishmen " ;  and  even  the 
contention  that  he  represents  the  very  highest 
type  of  saintship  seems  to  us  somewhat  extrava- 
gant. Nor  do  we  admit  that  the  author  of 
'Incendium  Amoris '  and  'The  Prick  of  Con- 
science' "has  hitherto  been  doomed  to  ob- 
livion "  among  his  own  countrymen.  However, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  Rolle  is  a  deeply  in- 
teresting person,  both  on  account  of  his  own 
character  and  the  powerful  influence  he  exerted 
on  English  religious  thought  for  two  centuries  ; 
and  Dr.  Horstman's  account  of  him,  based  as 
it  is  on  unequalled  familiarity  with  his  writings, 
will  be  welcome  to  many  readers,  even  though 
its  substance  may  not  be  so  entirely  novel  as 
the  writer  supposes.  The  bibliography  of 
Rolle's  genuine  and  attributed  writings,  given 
as  an  appendix  to  the  introduction,  is  of  great 
value,  as  nothing  of  the  kind  has  hitherto  been 
attempted.  If  Rolle  wrote  all  the  works,  Latin 
and  English,  which  are  accepted  as  unquestion- 
ably genuine  by  his  editor  (not  to  speak  of 
many  others  which  are  allowed  to  be  possibly 
his),  his  productiveness  is  indeed  astonishing. 
The  number  of  works  erroneously  ascribed  to 
him,  and  showing  strong  traces  of  his  influence, 
is  also  extraordinarily  large.  The  volume  in- 
cludes many  pieces  which  hardly  come  within 
the  scope  of  the  book  as  indicated  by  its  title  ; 
e.  g. ,  there  are  several  poems  in  Southern  dialect, 
which  show  no  evidence  of  having  been  tran- 
scribed from  Northern  originals.  The  so-called 
1  Surtees  Psalter '  also  seems  somewhat  out  of 
place  here,  since,  although  it  may  well  belong 
to  Yorkshire,  it  is  almost  certainly  the  work  of 
a  writer  somewhat  earlier  than  Rolle.  How- 
ever, we  do  not  complain  of  its  inclusion,  as 
Stevenson's  text  is  notoriously  insecure,  and  it 
is  a  great  advantage  to  have  the  work  re-edited 
in  a  trustworthy  manner.  It  is,  however, 
vexatious  to  find  that,  instead  of  following  the 
verse-numbering  of  the  Vulgate,  the  editor  has 
numbered  the  paragraphs  of  the  text  before 
him,  so  that  his  figures  are  almost  useless  for 
reference.  We  have  long  learnt  not  to  expect 
a  book  edited  by  Dr.  Horstman  to  contain  a 
glossary  or  an  index  ;  but  the  absence  of  a 
table  of  contents  is  really  too  bad,  especially 
in  the  case  of  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  pieces 
by  many  authors,  which  are  not  even  arranged 
according  to  any  intelligible  plan.  However, 
Dr.  Horstman's  painstaking  work  is  valuable 
enough  to  deserve  our  gratitude  in  spite  of  all 
these  trying  perversities. 

The  Age  of  Wordsworth,  by  C.  H.  Herford 
(Bell  &  Sons),  is  an  attempt  to  provide  a  hand- 
book of  English  literature  from  17'->8  to  1830. 
Written  with  an  especial  view  to  Romanticism, 
it  suffers  from  a  strong  bias,  which  has  led 
to  an  undue  emphasis  being  laid  on  some 
writers.  Coleridge,  in  particular,  and  his  in- 
fluence dominate  the  book  too  much,  and 
Romanticism  is  credited  with  many  elements 
which  could  be  found  in  earlier  writers.  Thus 
Carlyle's  ideas  of  criticism  in  the  essay  on 
Goethe,  quoted  as  characteristic  of  Romanticism, 
Could  be  paralleled  almost  word  for  word  fr<>m 
a  French  contemporary  of  Voltaire's.  It  often 
appears  as  if  a  writer  who  does  not  conveniently 
fall  into  line  with  the  pervadin„'  ideas  of 
Romanticism  is  underrated  by  Prof.  Herford 
or  too  briefly  noticed  for  that  reason. 
And  questions  of  style  seem  often  un- 
touched. Nothing  is  said  of  Scott's,  which, 
in  spite  of    his  undoubted    pre-eminence  as   a 


novelist,  was  often  painfully  below  what  it 
ought  to  have  been.  Lamb  was  surely  more 
than  fourteen  (p.  59)  when  he  entered  on  his 
office  work  ;  and  Byron,  as  he  "  classed  himself 
with  Scott "  (p.  221),  should  be  grouped  with 
that  poet,  and  not  with  Shelley  and  Keats. 
It  is  surprising  to  find  more  than  two  pages 
devoted  to  the  pseudo-Elizabethan  Beddoes, 
and  less  than  one  to  the  perfect  prose  of 
Southey.  At  times,  as  on  Jane  Austen  and 
Peacock  (whose  verse,  however,  deserved  some 
special  notice),  Prof.  Herford  writes  admirably, 
but  we  doubt  if  his  comparisons  and  epigrams 
are  not  often  too  clever  to  be  quite  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  handbook.  The  index  and 
general  arrangement  of  the  volume  are  decidedly 
good. 


OUR  LIBRARY   TABLE. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  publish  the  much 
heralded  Cecil  Rhodes,  by  Imperialist,  with 
personal  reminiscences  by  Dr.  Jameson,  the 
tone  of  which  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that 
no  less  than  four  of  the  comparatively  few 
chapters  apply  the  phrase  "a  great  states- 
man" to  Mr.  Rhodes.  Now  Mr.  Rhodes 
is  undoubtedly  a  strong  man,  and  a  man 
very  capable— perhaps  more  capable  than  any 
one  else  now  living — of  doing  certain  work. 
But  how  far  can  it  be  said  that  he  is  a  states- 
man, let  alone  "a  great  statesman"?  Of  the 
two  matters  in  which  he  has  been  concerned 
which  called  for  statesmanship,  the  one  is  at 
present  the  subject  of  political  dispute,  and 
will  be,  therefore,  left  aside  by  us.  But  take 
the  other  :  the  imperial  federation  (including 
Irish  Home  Rule)  proposals  discussed  with  Mr. 
Parnell,  and  never  since  abandoned  by  Mr. 
Rhodes  !  We  confess  that  we  have  failed  to 
find  in  those  crude  suggestions  any  trace  of  the 
qualities  which  are  generally  known  as  states- 
manship. 

M.  Lavisse  contributes  a  preface  to  La 
Politique  du  Sxdtan,  a  volume  on  the  Armenian 
question  by  M.  Victor  Be'rard,  whose  articles 
in  the  Revue  de  Paris,  based  on  the  Blue-books 
of  our  Foreign  Office,  have  recently  had  a  suc- 
cess. The  book  is  published  by  M.  Calmann 
Levy. 

Les  Anglais  dans  la  Mediterranee,  1794-1797 : 
un  Royaume  Anglo-Corse,  published  by  M.  Leon 
Chailley,  is  an  account,  from  the  pen  of  M. 
Jollivet,  of  the  expulsion  of  the  French  from 
Corsica,  of  its  government  by  us,  and  of  its  loss. 
The  book  is  not  very  well  put  together,  and  the 
author  is  not  at  home  with  British  names, 
relating,  for  example,  the  intrigues  of  the  Mar- 
quess of  "  Hunkley." 

The  Foreign  Office  List  appears  in  the  usual 
form,  and  still,  we  are  happy  to  see,  bears  the 
name  of  the  veteran  Sir  Edward  Hertslet.  It 
is  published  by  Messrs.  Harrison  &  Sons,  and 
we  need  not  remind  our  readers  of  the  contents 
of  this  useful  and  accurate  handbook  to  the 
British  and  foreign  diplomatic  services  and  to 
the  British  consular  service. 

Of  their  admirable  "  Gadshill  Edition"  of 
'  The  Works  of  Charles  Dickens  '  Messrs.  Chap- 
man iv.  Hall  have  sent  us  the  third  instalment, 
containing  Oliver  Trrist.  Mr.  Lang's  introduc- 
tion is  full  of  common  sense,  and  his  remarks 
on  the  weaknesses  of  the  plot  are  just ;  but  then 
it  was,  it  should  be  remembered,  Dickens's 
first  attempt  of  the  kind,  for  '  Pickwick '  had 
no  plot  at  all.  Mr.  Lang's  notes  are  scanty, 
and,  although  we  have  no  liking  for  abundant 
annotation,  he  might,  we  think,  have  added  one 
on  the  London  of  'Oliver  Twist' — Jacob's 
Island,  for  example,  and  Pentonville,  which 
elderly  gentlemen  in  comfortable  circumstances 
no  longer  inhabit.  Talking  of  Mr.  Lang's  notes, 
may  we  suggest  that  the  term  of  endearment 
in  chap,  xxxii.  of  tin;  'Pickwick  Papers,'  "My 
Prooshan  Blue,"  may  have  had  its  origin  in 
Bliicher's  popularity  with  the  London  mob  in 
1814? 


The  nineteenth  and  twentieth  volumes  of  the 
handsome  edition  of  Capt.  Marryat's  works 
which  Messrs.  Dent  are  publishing  contain  The 
Mission  and  The  Children  of  the  Neiv  Forest. 
Mr.  Brimley  Johnson  rightly  remarks  that 
'  The  Mission  '  lacks  a  central  interest.  As  he 
says,  it  has  never  been  much  in  vogue.  Perhaps 
a  story  of  South  Africa  sixty  years  since  may 
now  find  more  readers. 

We  have  received  the  catalogues  of  Mr. 
Baker  (theological),  Messrs.  Bull  &  Auvache, 
Mr.  Daniell  (topographical  engravings),  Messrs. 
Ellis  &  Elvey  (rare  and  musical  books, 
good),  Messrs.  Gowans  &  Sons,  Mr. 
Higham  (two  catalogues  of  theology  and  one 
general,  interesting),  Mr.  Menken,  Messrs. 
Rimell  &  Son  (engravings  and  etchings), 
Mr.  Waller  (autographs  and  documents),  and 
Messrs.  Wesley  &  Son  (botany,  good).  We 
have  also  the  catalogues  of  Mr.  Wilson  of 
Birmingham,  Messrs.  George's  Sons  of  Bristol 
(good),  Messrs.  Lupton  Brothers  of  Burn- 
ley, Mr.  Murray  of  Nottingham  (good),  and 
two  catalogues  from  Mr.  Blackwell  of  Oxford 
(classical  and  general  books,  interesting). 
Messrs.  Baer  &  Co.  have  sent  us  two  cata- 
logues from  Frankfort  (topography  and  German 
economics),  and  Mr.  Olschki  a  valuable  illustrated 
catalogue  of  early  printed  books  from  Venice. 

We  have  on  our  table  Hon*  to  Visit  the 
Mediterranean,  edited  by  Henry  S.  Lunn 
(Horace  Marshall  &  Son), — The  Education  of 
Children  at  Rome,  by  G.  Clarke  (Macmillan), — 
Simple  Object  Lessons  from  Nature,  by  Jane  B. 
Dickens  (Philip), — The  Story  of  the  Chemical 
Elements,  by  M.  M.  Pattison  Muir  (Newnes), — 
The  Elements  of  Physics,  by  E.  L.  Nichols 
and  W.  S.  Franklin  :  Vol.  II.  Electricity 
and  Magnetism  (Macmillan),  —  The  Special 
Kinesiology  of  Educational  Gymnastics,  by 
Baron  Nils  Posse  (Gay  &  Bird),  —  Genius 
and  Degeneration,  by  Dr.  William  Hirscb 
(Heinemann), — The  Mystery  of  Handwriting, 
by  J.  H.  Keene  (Gay  &  Bird),  —  For 
Stark  Love  and  Kindness,  by  N.  Allan  Mac- 
donald  (Oliphant,  Anderson  &  Ferrier),  — 
Adventures  of  Martin  Hewitt,  by  Arthur  Mor- 
rison, Third  Series  (Ward  &  Lock), — Smirched, 
by  A.  Ingram  (Digby  &  Long), — Songs  and 
Rhymes  and  Simple  Verses,  by  B.  W.  J. 
Trevaldwyn  (Stock),  —  The  Ethics  of  Tempe- 
rance, by  A.  E.  Garvie  (S.S.U.),—  The  Four 
Pillars  of  the  Home,  by  R.  F.  Horton,  D.D. 
(Isbister), — and  The  Lessons  of  Holy  Scripture, 
by  the  late  Rev.  J.  H.  Wanklyn",  Vols.  I. 
to  IV.  (Bemrose).  Among  New  Editions 
we  have  Animal  Magnetism,  by  the  late 
W.  Gregory,  M.D.  (Red  way),  —  Contro- 
versial Catechism,  by  the  Rev.  S.  Keenan, 
revised  by  the  Rev.  G.  Cormack  (Burns 
&  Oates),  —  The  Golden  Gate,  by  the  Rev. 
S.  Baring-Gould  (Skeffington),  —  Happy  -  go- 
Lucky,  by  Ismay  Thorn  (Innes), — Poems,  by 
Johanna  Ambrosius,  translated  by  Mary  J. 
Safford  (Boston,  U.S.,  Roberts  Brothers), — 
The  Strange  Story  of  my  Life,  by  John  S. 
Winter  (F.  V.  White),— and  Viler  Lesen  una" 
Bildung,  by  A.  E.  Schonbach  (Graz,  Leuschner 
&  Lubensky). 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Augustine's  Confessions,  2/6  cl.     (Books  for  the  Heart.) 

Baring-Gould's   (Kev.  S.)  The  Lives  of   the  Saints:  Vol.  1. 

January,  cr.  8vO.  5/  net,  cl. 
Ga9quet's  (Uev.  F.  A.)  The  Old   English   Bible,  and   other 

Essays,  8vo.  12/  net,  cl. 
McChesney's  (L.  8.)  Under  Shadow  of  tin   Mission,  6   el. 
Morris's  (Rev.  D.)  The  Growth  of  Sacrificial  Ideas  connected 

with  the  Holy  Eucharist,  l8mo. 
Murphy's   (Hew   K.   G.)  The  Larger  Life,  Sermons   and   BO 

Essay,  cr.  8vO.  -r>   el. 
Robert  Boyle  Lectures,  Vol.  1,  villi  Preface  by  Sir  H.  W 

Aclantl,  BVO.  6/  net.  cl. 
Royal  Way,  or  the  Christian's  Hours  of  Sufferings,  adapted 

from  the  German  l.v  M    I     Drew,  12mO.  .'*  6  el. 

St.  Bartholomew's  Ohuroh  Tracts,  by  H   N.  T  .  -'  >;  oL 

Stosch's  (Pastor  G.)  The  Origin  of  (ienesis,  cr.  BVO.  5/  cl. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeeology . 
Hamertons  (P.  (i   (The   Mount ,  Narrative  of   a   Visit  to  the 
Site  of  a  Gaulish  City,  cr.  8vo.  .T  6  cl. 

9 


378 


T  II  E     AT  JI  E  X  .i:  l'  M 


N^i'i'.'l,  Mahch  20,  '97 


Tiountaa  (Dr.  C     and  Kaaatt'l  ( J .  A  illii-  Myceuxau    Ag<-. 

lie.  :'l    el. 

/    dry. 
Beneoko'l  (E.  P.  M  I  The  Crow  beneath  Hie  Ring,  and  Ottx  1 

l'o<  nn,  ISmo,  - 
Colerldgri  (8.  1      the  Haven,  ■  l'.*  m.  with  Illustration!  by 

K.  BaBeward,  folk),  B    ii.t,  cl. 
<;r.,n-     B.  G  I  Ji  imiliiil,  nn.l  ollirr  Vitm'b,  12m. >. 

Morris,  sir  Lewis,  Selections  fr.nn  tin-  Wurk«  of,  cr.  8vo.  4  >; 

lliitory  and  liiography. 

Andrews*!  (W.)  Bngland  la  the  Days  <■(  <>m,  B?o,  7  <i  cl. 
Balley*i  \W.  B.j  A  wen  industry,  witta  a  sketch  of  Event* 

in  tin-  Lift-  »f  its  Pounder,  Bro.  7/ti  cl. 
Barr&re,  11. ,  Memoirs  of,  translated  by  De  V.  P.  Payne, 

■I  Vols.   -w>.   4.'     lift,  cl. 

Jowett,  II.,  Life  ami  Letter!  of,  by  E.  Abbott  ami  L  Camp- 
bell, a  role.  -v<>.  :i2  ol. 

Maxwell's  (Sir  H.)  Robert  the  Bruce,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl.  (Heroes 
of  (be  Nations.) 

Bbodee,  Cecil,  a  Biography,  by  Imperialist,  with  Personal 
Reminiscences  by  Dr.  Jameson,  cr.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 

Wlntle*!  (W.  J.)  The  Story  of  Albert  the  Good,  cr.  8vo.  2  cl. 

Wood's  (General  Sir  K.)  Achievements  of  Cavalry,  7/fl  net. 
Geography  and  Travel. 

Collins's  Complete  Atlas,  80  Full-page  Maps,  &c,  folio,  6  cl. 

English  Topography,  ed.  P.  A.  Milne.  Part  9.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 

Macdonald's  (Major  J.  It.  L.)  Soldiering  and  Surveying  in 
British  East  Africa,  1891-1894,  8vo.  16/ cl. 

Malleson's  (Col.  G.  B.)  The  Lakes  and  Kivers  of  Austria, 
Bavaria,  and  Hungary,  cr.  Svo.  3,6  cl. 

Science. 
Blaine's  (R.  G.)  Hydraulic  Machinery,  8vo.  14/  cl. 
Lachlan'6  (R.)  The  Elements  of  Algebra,  cr.  Svo.  2/6  cl. 
Seager's  (H.  W.)  Natural  History  in  Shakespeare's  Time,  8/6 
Stewart's  (R.  W.)  Advanced  Heat,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

General  Literature. 

Atherton's  (G.)  Patience  Sparhawk  and  her  Times,  4/6  net. 

Bremner's  (C.  S.)  Education  of  Girls  and  Women  in  Great 
Britain,  cr.  8vo.  4,0  cl. 

Chapman's  (E.  R.)  Marriage  Questions  in  Modern  Fiction, 
and  other  Essays,  cr.  Svo.  3/6  net. 

Clarke'e  (I.)  The  Episode  of  Alethea,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Craig's  (G.  C.)  The  Federal  Defence  of  Australasia,  5/  cl. 

Diehl's  (A.  M.)  A  Last  Throw,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Erskine's  (Mrs.  F.  J.)  Lady  Cycling,  12mo.  2/6  cl. 

Essays  in  Liberalism,  by  Six  Oxford  Men,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Ferguson's  (V.  M.)  Life  Again,  Love  Again,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Green's  (A.  K.)  That  Affair  Next  Door,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Hall's  (B.)  Fish  Tails— and  some  True  Ones,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Henham's  (E.  G.)  God,  Man,  and  the  Devil,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Hillis's  (N.  D.)  A  Man's  Value  to  Society,  Studies  in  Self- 
Culture  and  Character,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

Hope's  (A.)  Ivan  Alexandrovitch,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Hurton's  (W.)  The  Doomed  Ship,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Kidson's  (E  )  Allanson's  Little  Woman,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Lytton's  Last  Days  of  Pompeii,  illus.  by  L.  Speed,  2/6  cl. 

Marryat's  Poor  Jack,  illus.  by  F.  Pegram,  cr.  8vo.  3/6;  Uni- 
form Edition,  The  Mission,  The  Children  of  the  New 
Forest,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  each,  net. 

Moore's  (F.  P.)  The  Jessamy  Bride,  illus.  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Our  Commerce  in  War,  by  Author  of  'Our  Next  War,' 
8vo.  3/6  net,  cl. 

Rabelais's  (F.)  Works,  translated  by  Urquhart  and  Motteux, 
with  the  Notes  of  Duchat,  5  vols.  12/6  net,  cl.  in  box. 

Scott's  Ivanhoe,  illustrated  by  C.  E.  Brock,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl.  ; 
Standard  Edition,  Vol.  17,  Redgauntlet,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 

Sims's  (G.  R.)  The  Coachman's  Club,  or  Tales  told  out  of 
School,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 

Smith's  (H.)  Steps  to  the  Temple  of  Happiness,  Thirty  True 
Moral  Stories,  illus.  4to.  5/  cl. 

Steam's  (A.)  Sindbad  Smith  &  Co  ,  illus.  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 

Street's  (J.  C.)  The  Hidden  Way  across  the  Threshold, 
royal  8vo.  15/  net,  cl. 

Swan's  (A.  S.)  Mrs.  Keith  Hamilton,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Thomas's  (A.)  Essentially  Human,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Upward's  (A.)  Secrets  of  the  Courts  of  Europe,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Who  's  Who,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net,  cl. 

Willdey's  (C.  J.)  The  Book  of  Humbug,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 

Yonge's  (C.  M.)  The  Pilgrimage  of  the  Ben  Beriah,  6/  cl. 

FOREIGN. 

Theology. 

Comely  (R.) :  Commentarius  in  S.  Pauli  Apostoli  Epistolas  : 

Epistolaad  Romanos,  11m.  20. 
Werale  (P.) :  Der  Christ  u.  die  Siinde  bei  Paulus,  2m.  50. 

Fine  Art  and  Archreology. 
Chatelain  (E.) :  PalCographie  desClassiques  Latins,  Part  12, 

15fr. 
Grand-Carteret  (J.) :  La  Crete  devant  l'lmage,  2fr. 
Hritz(P.) :  Der  Initialschmuck  in  den  elsiissischen  Drucken 

des  XV.  u.  XVI   Jahrh.,  Part  2.  6m. 
Palliot    (P.):    La  Vraie  et  Parfaite  Science  des  Armoiries. 

120fr. 
Heinach  (S.) :  Clarac  de  Poche.  5fr. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Dollfu8  (L.) :  Romancero  de  Roncevaux,  3fr. 

Bibliography . 
Aus  der  Ex-Libris-Sammlung  der   Bibliothek  des  Borsen- 

vereins  der  deutschen  Buchhiindler,  18m. 
Dressel  (A  )  u.  Hilbert  (A.) :  Vollstiindiges  Bucher-Lexicon, 
Sacb-  u.  Schlagwortregister  zum  27  u.  28  Bde.,  Vol.  2 
Part  2.  5m. 
Schmidt  (C  )  :  Repertoire  Bibliographique  Strasbourgeois 
jOique  vers  1530:  Part  S.Matthias  Schurer,  150S-1520, 
15m 

Philosophy. 
Ilulow  (G.l:    Des  Dominions  Gundissalinus  Schrlft  v.  der 

1'nsterblichkeit  der  Seele,  5m. 
Picavet  (F.) :  Gerbert,  un  Pape  Philosophe,  6fr. 

Political  Economy. 
Vignes  (J.  B.  M.) :  La  Science  Sociale,  2  vols.  16fr. 

History  and  Biography. 
Altmann  (W.)  :  Regesta  Imperil  XI. :  Die  Urkunden  Kaiser 

Sigmunds,  Vol.  1,  Part  2.  11m.  20. 
Goron  :  Memoires,  Part  1,  3fr.  60. 
Lemaitre  (E.)  :  Ariene  Houssaye,  12fr. 


Geography  and  'I ravel. 

Daubell  (J  ) .  Nnte«  et  Impteoilons  ittr  la  Xualale,  4fr. 

Jam  (S.)  (Kalvun) :  Arauk.i-  rchen  u.  Brz&hlunfen. 

2m 

/'hilotogy. 
Corpus   Inicriptionum  Atticariiui  1    Appendix,   Delixioiiuni 

Tabelba  auk-.i,  ed.  B.  \\u.  mod,  Bm. 
PrO!opoKr«|,hi.i   Imperii   Jtuuani  Sao.  I.  II.  III..  Part  1,  ed. 

K.  Klebs,  Mm  ;   Part  2,  ed.  H.  Dessau,  20m. 

Bettienateln  (B»)i    tfescblchte    der  griechi&chen  Etymo- 

l"t,'ika,  18m. 
VH1  t  (J.  van  der)  1  Lucii  Apulei  Metamorphoseon  Libri  XI., 

3m. 

■Science. 
Krafft-Ebing  (R.  v  )  1  Arbeiten  aus  dem  Gesammtgebiet  der 

Psychiatrie  u.  Neuropathologie,  Part  1,  4iu 

General  Literature. 
Alexis  (P.) :  La  Comtesse,  3fr.  60. 
Aunuaire  de  la  Noblesse  de  France,  1897,  lOfr. 
Claretie  (J.)  :  La  Vie  h  Paris,  1896.  3fr.  50. 
Daniel  (A.)  :  L'Annee  Politique,  1896,  3fr.  50. 
Drumont  (E.) :  Mon  Vieux  Paris,  Series  2,  3fr.  50. 
Franklin  (A.)  :  La  Vie  de  Paris  sous  la  Rtgence,  3fr.  50. 
Kist  (H.):    La  Confession  d'un    Autre  Enfant   du   Biecle, 

3fr.  50. 
Lermina  (J.)  1  Le  Fils  de  Monte-Cristo,  3  vols.  7fr.  50. 
Lesueur  (D.)  i  Invincible  Charme,  3fr.  50. 
Rossel  (V.):    Histoire  de  la  Litterature   Francaise   bors  de 

France,  8fr. 
Scheffer  (R.)  1  Le  Prince  Narcisse,  3fr.  50. 

'THE  CENTENARY   BURNS. 

1.  In  common  with  everybody  (excepting  the 
late  Mr.  Lowell),  we  have  the  greatest  possible 
respect  for  Dunbar  ;  and  had  we  been  talking 
merely  of  "the  old  Scottish  world"  before 
Scotland  was  devastated  by  the  Reformation 
and  the  Covenant,  we  should  not  have  thought 
of  ignoring  his  claim  to  pre-eminence,  though 
we  should  certainly  have  coupled  his  name  with 
that  of  Robert  Henryson.  But,  our  expression 
being  something  inexact,  we  are  content  to 
accept  your  critic's  very  mild  reproof. 

2.  Again,  we  are  in  no  wise  disposed  to  take 
exception  to  your  critic's  attitude  towards  us  in 
the  matter  of  Highland  Mary.  But  we  should 
like  to  make  a  little  explanation.  Whait  we  have 
"subjected  to  depreciatory  criticism  as  'a  fig- 
ment of  the  general  brain'  "  is,  not  Mary  Camp- 
bell, but  "the  Mary  Campbell  of  tradition." 
Further,  we  have  not  endeavoured  to  identify 
her  with  a  "Mary  Campbell  of  indifferent 
repute,"  &c.  Our  sole  contention  would  be 
that  if  you  will  positively  have  a  Mary  Camp- 
bell of  whom  "anything  definite  is  known," 
you  cannot  choose  but  take  the  indifferently 
reputed  one.  As  for  "  vindicating  "  Highland 
Mary,  in  the  sense  of  proving  that  she  was  not 
this  particular  ill-famed  Mary  Campbell,  that 
were  but  to  touch  the  fringe  of  the  subject. 
Moreover,  the  more  powerfully  you  "vindicate  " 
your  Highland  Mary,  the  more  feeble  must  your 
"vindication"  be  of  Burns.  Indeed,  if  you 
make  a  kind  of  "  bare-legged  Beatrice  "  of  her, 
you  make  any  "vindication  "  of  him  impossible  ; 
for  the  more  thoroughly  you  sift  such  facts  as 
are  available,  the  less  you  can  believe  him  in- 
culpable. And  this  brings  us  to  our  "faint 
praise  "  of  "Thou  Ling'ring  Star."  The  reputa- 
tion of  that  song — mannered,  inexpressive,  laced 
with  expletives— is,  as  we  believe,  a  pure  effect 
of  the  "bare-legged  Beatrice  "  theory  of  Mary 
Campbell.  Unless  that  theory  be  discarded,  our 
opinion  will  not  so  much  as  win  a  hearing.  But 
once  that  theory  is  discarded — and  we  rejoice 
to  note  that  your  critic  has  advanced  thus  far 
on  the  way  to  grace— our  conclusions  are,  as  we 
deem,  inevitable.  The  song  itself,  as  we  read 
it,  is  no  expression  of  grief  for  the  death  of 
Beatrice,  bare-legged  or  other,  but  an  expres- 
sion of  grief  which  is  very  intimately  and 
copiously  tinctured  with  remorse. 

3.  Your  critic  is  vastly  mistaken  in  supposing 
that  we  lay  any  claim  to  any  sort  of  originality 
for  our  translation  of  "  lyart "  in  'The  Jolly 
Beggars,'  for  it  is  identical  with  that  in  the  larger 
and  later  Jamieson.  Your  critic  is  the  innovator 
here— not  we  ;  and  it  is  with  a  certain  satisfac- 
tion that  we  have  appropriated  his  "subrident 
joy."  His  derivation  is  hopelessly  wrong,  and 
is  given  in  the  teeth  of  all  possible  authorities, 
whether  Scots  or  English  ;  while  the  translation 
"  wan  "  not  only  does  violence  to  the  theory  of 
origin  which  is  universally  recognized,  but  is  in 


lliil  contradiction   to   all  .such   example*   oi 
use  of  the  word  as  are  known. 

4.  As  regards  M'I'herson,  has  not  your 
critic  reposed  too  "uilclesh  a  contidence  in  '  The 
tteer  of  Scotland  '  and  'In  fiipsy  Tenta '  1 
Mi'lierson,  though  ;t  kind  of  caUsran,  waa 
apprehended  as  "an  Egyptian  and  a  vagabond" 
—he  was,  in  fact,  a  half-breed  who  bad  left  hi* 
father's  kin  to  harbour  in  the  tents  of  that 
mother's  despised  and  hated  race,  which 
was  his;  he  was  hanged  at  Banff,  which  is 
not  a  characteristically  Highland  town  ;  it  is 
impossible  to  suppose  that  any  special  indul- 
gence would  be  granted  to  an  "Egyptian";  as 
matter  of  fact,  this  particular  Egyptian  was 
known  for  such  a  desperado  that  before  hi* 
execution  the  gaol  in  which  he  was  lodged  was 
guarded  by  a  posse  of  nine  men  and  a  captain  ; 
it  would  have  been  tempting  Providence  to  give 
him  a  fiddle— there  is  never  a  word  of  one  in 
the  original  ballad— which  he  would  certainly 
have  broken,  not  "over  his  knee,"  but  on 
the  heads  of  his  escort.  Further,  even  had 
M'Phereon  been  a  Highland  gentleman,  and 
not  a  base-born  gipsy,  we  should  not  have 
credited  the  legend.  "  Lastly  and  to  con- 
clude," his  story  is  proved  a  myth  in 
Cramond'6  '  Annals  of  Banffshire,'  an  authority 
which,  inexplicably  enough,  has  been  quoted 
in  its  support.  \Y.  E.  Henley, 

T.  F.  Hender-son, 
Editors  of  '  The  Centenary  Burns. ' 


TWO   PROTHALAMIA. 

On  a  summer  day  in  1896,  toiling  wearily— in 
a  vain  search  for  a  piece  of  local  history- 
through  the  pages  of  Hearne's  edition  of 
'  Leland's  Itinerary,'  my  attention  was  suddenly 
arrested  by  the  appearance  of  a  poem  entitled 
'A  Tale  of  Two  Swannes,'  for  it  was  about  the 
last  book  in  the  world  in  which  one  would  have 
expected  to  find  anything  in  the  nature  of 
poetry,  much  less  such  lines  as  these  : — 

No  sooner  was  this  message  knowne  abroad. 

But  there  resorted  to  their  being  place 

Such  troupes  of  milke-white  Swannes,  ai  well  beseem  d 

The  royall  state  of  two  such  Princes  great. 

Among  which  troupes  the  King  and  Queen  made  cboise 

Of  fortie  Swannes  of  high  and  royall  bloud. 

For  to  attend  upon  their  Majesties. 

Then  looke  how  Cynthia  with  her  silver  rayes 

Exceedes  the  brigbtnesse  of  the  lesser  starrei. 

When  in  her  chiefest  porape  she  hasteth  downe 

To  steale  a  kisse  from  drousie  Endymion  1 

So  doe  these  princes  farre  excell  in  state 

The  Swannes  that  breede  within  Europa's  boundes. 

In  a  moment  the  words  of  Spenser's  '  Pro- 
thalamion  '  rushed  into  my  mind,  each  stanza 
of  which  ends  always  with  the  same  refrain  :  — 

Sweet  Themmes  I  runne  softly,  till  I  end  my  song. 

The  first  consideration  was  how  a  poem  of 
this  description  should  be  found  embedded  in 
Leland's  work  at  all.  The  explanation  was  at 
once  apparent.  Hearne  had  found  the  poem 
accidentally  (he  describes  the  circumstances  in 
the  preface  to  vol.  v.  of  his  book)  in  the 
chambers  of  a  student  in  the  Temple,  and 
inasmuch  as  it  contained  valuable  information 
relative  to  a  number  of  places  and  towns  in 
Hertfordshire  (amongst  them  Verolane,  Whet- 
hamsted,  "so  called  of  the  corne,"  Bishop's  Hat- 
field, Alwine,  the  river  Bene  and  Beneghoo, 
Ac.)  he  inserted  it,  as  he  was  accustomed  to  do 
other  extraneous  matter  that  had  a  bearing  on 
archaeology,  in  the  midst  of  Leland's  work.  Of 
its  merits  as  a  poem  he  says  nothing,  and  pos- 
sibly they  never  occurred  to  him  at  all. 

Further  examination  of  the  '  Tale  of  Two 
Swannes  ' — the  only  existing  print  of  which  is, 
as  appears,  now  to  be  found  in  vol.  v.  p.  viii  of 
Hearne's  edition  of  the  '  Itinerary  ' — and  a  close 
comparison  of  it  with  the  '  Prothalamion '  have 
resulted  in  the  formation  of  an  opinion  that 
we  are  indebted  to  the  '  Tale  of  Two  Swannes  ' 
for  the  fine  poem  of  the  '  Prothalamion  '—that 
if  the  '  Tale  of  Two  Swannes  '  had  not  first  been 
written  the  '  Prothalamion  '  would  never  have 
appeared  at  all. 

It  is  strange  that  not  one  of  the  many  com- 
mentators on  Spenser's  work— not  even  Warton, 


N°3621,  Makch20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


379 


who  had  both  Vallans's  and  Spenser's  work 
before  him  when  writing  the  '  History  of  English 
Poetry  ' — should  have  noticed  the  indebtedness 
of  Spenser  to  Vallans  for  the  plan  and  scheme 
of  his  poem,  for  some  of  its  finest  passages, 
and  in  some  cases  its  words. 

In  the  '  Prothalamion  '—an  allegorical  poem 
— is  described  the  triumphal  progress  down  the 
river  Lee,  and  then  the  Thames,  of  the  two 
Ladies  Somerset,  and  their  reception  at  the 
stairs  of  their  father's  palace  next  the  Temple. 
The  ladies  are  pictured  to  us  in  the  story  in 
allegorical  form  as  two  swans. 

In  the  year  1590  (six  years  before  the  date 
of  the  '  Prothalamion ')  there  was  printed  at 
London  another  "Prothalamion,"  entitled  'A 
Tale  of  Two  Swannes,'  by  W.  Vallans,  intended 
to  celebrate  (in  the  form  of  an  allegory)  the 
marriage  of  the  two  rivers — the  Thames  and 
the  Lee.  Writing  of  this  poem  as  late  as  the 
year  1711,  Hearne  says  of  it  (as  his  reason  for 
printing  it  at  full  length) : — 

':  'Twas  printed  at  London  (in  three  sheets  in 
quarto)  by  Roger  Ward  for  John  Sheldrake,  in  the 
year  1590,  but  'tis  60  great  a  rarity  that  I  had  scarce 
so  much  as  heard  of  it  till  of  late,  when  'twas  sent 
to  me  out  of  the  well-furnished  study  of  Thomas 
Kawlinson  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Esq. ;  who  gave 
me  leave  (if  I  thought  proper)  to  reprint  it.  I  shall 
therefore  here  prefix  it  to  this  volume." 

So  the  poem  appears  first  to  have  become  known 
even  to  so  great  an  antiquary  as  Thomas  Hearne 
by  its  discovery  in  Mr.  Rawlinson's  "well- 
furnished  study  in  the  Temple  "  as  late  as  about 
1711. 

Yet  Spenser  must  have  read  the  poem,  and 
read  it  much  and  known  it  well  —  a  startling 
illustration  of  the  strange  irony  of  fate  that  the 
one  poem  should  remain  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
English  language,  and  that  the  other,  to  which 
it  owes  its  existence,  should  be  practically  un- 
known. For  to  see  it  even  now  it  must  be 
searched  for  in  the  midst  of  the  '  Itinerary, ' 
buried  there  as  in  a  grave. 

In  the  '  Tale  of  Two  Swannes  '  the  heroines 
(if  one  may  so  call  them)  are  two  cygnets  who, 
at  the  command  of  Venus,  were  fetched  surrep- 
titiously by  Mercury  from  Cayster — "a  river  in 
Boetia,  where  the  fairest  and  largest  swans  do 
breed" — and  they  were  brought  by  Mercury  to 
Venus,  who  was  reclining  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  Lee  at  a  town  in  Hertfordshire,  Ware  : — 

Where  Venus,  like  the  goddesse  of  great  Love, 
Sate  lovely,  by  the  running  river's  side 

Tuning  her  lute  unto  the  water's  fall. 

»  *  *  *  # 

The  present  come,  Bhe  layeth  down  her  lute 
And  takes  these  Cignets  of  so  great  esteeme, 
Throwing  them  both  into  the  Kiver  Lee. 

Then,  at  the  request  of  Venus,  Jove  ordained 
that  the  cygnets  should  be  the  king  and  queen 
of  the  river,  and  that  "all  the  swannes — yea, 
the  verie  Thames" — should  be  replenished  for 
ever  by  their  princely  race.  This  was,  accord- 
ing to  the  story,  the  origin  of  all  the  English 
swans.  From  them  were  descended  all  the 
swans  that  live  in  Severn,  Humber,  and  the 
Trent — "  the  chiefest  floods  that  water  English 
ground."  And  three  times,  the  poem  tells  us, 
did  Venus  use  them  to  draw  her  ivory  chariot 
through  the  air. 

Next  the  poet  describes  the  assembling  of 
the  swans  for  the  purpose  of  the  procession 
down  the  river,  and  thus  the  story  is  told  : — 

Now  as  these  Swannes  began  to  waxen  old, 
As  time  outwears  eche  creature  that  doth  live  i 
It  pleased  them  to  send  throughout  their  realme 
For  all  their  subjects  of  the  highest  blond  : 
With  full  intent  to  make  a  progresse  cleane 
Throughout  their  land  to  see  the  bounde  thereof, 
And  ev'ry  brook  that  harbours  anie  Swans 
With  all  the  Isles  that  unto  them  belong. 
»  •  •  »  • 

No  sooner  was  this  message  knowne  abroad, 

But  there  resorted  to  their  being  place 

Such  troupes  of  mllke  white  Swannes,  as  well  beseem'd 

The  royall  state  of  two  such  Princes  great. 

Then  there  is  the  beautiful  passage  already 
referred  to,  that  as  Cynthia,  the  moon,  excels 
the  stars  in  brightness,  so  did  these  princes 
far  excel  in  state  all  other  swans  that  dwelt 
within  Europa's  bounds. 


And  so  assembled  the  swans  repaired  together 
to  the  river-head 

Whence  Lee  doth  spring  not  far  from  Kempton  Town. 

And   thence    they   passed    in    state   down   the 

river.      There   is    not   in    the    '  Tale   of    Two 

Swannes '  any  such   picturesque   procession  of 

water  nymphs  and  birds  (except,  of  course,  the 

procession  of  the  swans)  as  is  contained  in  the 

'Prothalamion,'  but,  in  place  of  this,  charming 

descriptions  are  given  of  the  various  towns  and 

places  that  are  passed  by  the  procession.     To 

select  a  few  out  of  many  : — 

By  Bishop's  Hatfield  then  they  came  along, 
Seated  not  far  from  ancient  Verolane, 
His  City,  that  first  spent  his  blessed  life, 
In  just  maintaining  of  our  Christian  faith. 

These  lines  refer,  of  course,  not  to  the  great 
Sir  Francis  Bacon,  Lord  Verulam,  who,  at 
the  time  this  poem  was  written,  was  not 
thirty  years  of  age  and  but  beginning  his 
career,  but,  as  Vallans  tells  us  in  his  note,  to 
Albon,  Lord  of  Verolane,  martyred  in  the  time 
of  the  Emperor  Diocletian,  the  first  Christian 
martyr  of  this  land.  The  abbey  of  St.  Albans 
was  built  in  his  honour  by  King  Offa  about  793. 
Next  Welwyn  is  thus  described  : — 

And  then  to  Welwyn,  passing  well  beknown 
And  noted  for  a  worthy  stratagem ; 
I  meane  the  Danes,  who  on  S.  Bryce's  night 
Were  stoutly  murdered  by  their  women  foes. 

At  the  town  of  Ware  the  swans  were  received 
in  wonderment  by  the  people,  and  one  of  them 
addressed  his  fellows  thus  in  a  speech  : — 

Among  the  which  a  man  whose  silver  hairs 

Seemed  to  excel  the  whiteness  of  the  rest 

Bespake  them  thus — 

"  Long  have  I  lived,  and  by  this  bridge  was  born, 

Yet  never  saw  I  such  a  company 

So  well  beseen,  so  ordered,  and  so  fair. 

Nay  (as  I  think)  the  age  that  is  by-past, 

Nor  yet  the  same  that  after  shall  ensue 

Never  beheld,  nor  looked  upon  the  like." 

The  people  listened  to  this  aged  man 

As  one  they  loved  and  held  in  reverence. 

Hatfield  is  then  passed  : — 
Now  see  these  Swans  the  new  and  worthy  seat 
Of  famous  Cecil,  Treasurer  of  the  land. 
Whose  wisdom,  counsel,  skill  of  Prince's  state 
The  world  admires. 

Then  a  description  is  given  of  the  locks  in  the 

river  at  Waltham  Abbey,  probably  among  the 

first  locks  constructed  in  the  country  : — 

A  rare  device  they  see, 

But  newly  made,  a  water  work  :  the  locke 
Through  which  the  boats  of  Ware  do  pass  with  malt. 
This  lock  contains  two  double  doors  of  wood, 
Within  the  same  a  cistern  all  of  plank. 
Which  only  fills  when  boats  come  there  to  passe 
By  opening  of  these  mighty  doors  with  sleight 
And  strange  device,  but  now  decayed  sore. 

From  Enfield  :— 

From  hence  by  Hackney,  Leyton,  and  Old  Ford 
They  come  to  Stratford,  called  also  the  Bo  we. 

At  last  they  came  into  the  mouth  of  river  Lee, 

and  here,  we  are  told,  the  whole  surface  of  the 

river  and  the  fields  alike  were  covered  by  swans. 

And  then 

A  Swan  of  Thames  invites  the  King  and  Queen 
Upon  a  day  prefixt,  to  see  and  celebrate 
The  marriage  of  two  rivers  of  great  name. 
Which  granted  every  one  departs  his  way, 
The  King  and  Queen  again  into  their  Lee. 

And  so  the  tale  ends  with  the  marriage  of  the 
rivers,  as  ends  the  '  Prothalamion '  with  the 
marriage  of  the  bridegrooms  and  the  brides. 

It  now  remains  only  to  submit  comparisons 
of  a  few  passages  in  the  '  Prothalamion  '  with 
corresponding  passages  in  the  'Tale  of  Two 
Swannes,'  to  show  the  indebtedness  of  the 
'  Prothalamion  '  to  the  earlier  poem. 

In  the  beautiful  passage  in  the  '  Tale  of  Two 

Swannes '  where  the   king   and   queen   of   the 

river  are  said  to  excel  all  other  swans  in  beauty 

as   doth  the    moon  the    stars,   Vallans   writes 

thus : — 

Then  looke  how  Cynthia  with  her  silver  rayes 

Kxceedea  the  brightnesae  of  the  lesser  starres. 

When  in  her  chiefest  pompe  she  hastetb  downe 

To  steale  a  kisse  from  drousie  Bndymion  i 

So  doe  these  princes  farre  excell  in  state 

The  Swannes  that  breede  within  Europa's  boundes. 

Spenser  must  have  had  these  lines  before  him 

when  he  wrote  : — 

And  a!',  the  fowl  which  in  his  flood  did  dwell 

Oan  flock  about  these  twaine,  that  did  excel 

The  rest,  10  far  as  Cynthia  doth  shend 

The  letter  starres. 


It  is  probable  that  for  the  beauty  of  the  poetry 
some  may  even  prefer  to  Spenser's  the  passage 
that  has  just  been  quoted  from  Vallans's  poem. 
Then  the  commencement  of  the  procession  of 
the  swans  down  the  river  is  described  in  the 
'  Prothalamion  '  very  much  as  it  had  been  in 
the  earlier  poem.     Thus  in  Vallans  :  — 
And  in  this  pomp  they  hie  them  to  the  head 
Whence  Lee  doth  spring,  not  far  from  Kempton  Towne 
And  swiftly  coming  down  through  Brook  Hall  Park,  &c. 

In  Spenser : — 

With  that  I  saw  two  Swans  of  goodly  hue 
Come  softly  swimming  down  along  the  Lee. 

Again  : — 
So  forth  these  joyous  birds  did  pass  along 
Adown  the  Lee— that  to  them  murmur'd  low. 

In  a  very  fine  passage  in  Vallans's  poem  the 
beauty  of  the  country  on  a  May  day  and  the 
flowers  of  the  field  are  thus  pictured  to  us  : — 

When  Nature,  nurse  of  every  living  thing, 
Had  clad  her  charge  in  brave  and  new  array  ; 
The  hills  rejoiced  to  see  themselves  so  fine  : 
The  fields  and  woods  grew  proud  thereof  also  : 
The  meadows  with  their  partie-colour'd  coats. 
Like  to  the  rainbow  in  the  azur'd  sky, 
Gave  just  occasion  to  the  cheerful  birds, 
With  sweetest  note,  to  sing  their  nurse's  praise  : 
Among  the  which,  the  merrie  nightingale 
With  swete— and  swete— (her  breast  again  a  thorn) 
Rings  out  all  night  the  never  ceasing  lauds 
Of  God,  the  Author  of  her  nurse  and  all. 

In  the  '  Prothalamion  '  the  river  banks  are 
described  as 

painted  all  with  variable  flowers 

And  all  the  meads  adorned  with  dainty  gems. 

But  little  distinction  can  be  made  between 
meadows  with  "partie-colour'd  coats"  and 
river  banks  painted  with  "variable  flowers" 
and  "  meads  adorned  with  dainty  gems." 

The  word  "nurse  " — not  a  very  usual  one  in 
poetry — thrice  used  by  Vallans  in  the  passage 
that  has  just  been  quoted,  and  the  word 
"  merry  "  in  the  same  passage — also  not  a  very 
usual  word  in  poetry  —  are  both  adopted  by 
Spenser  in  the  same  passage  of  his  own  poem. 
Thus  :— 

At  length  they  all  to  merry  London  came. 
To  merry  London,  my  most  kindly  nurse. 

Then  those  beautiful  lines  in  the  opening  of 
Vallans's  poem  that  have  just  been  quoted  may 
be  compared  with  the  opening  lines  of  the  '  Pro- 
thalamion,' and  in  feeling  they  are  the  same  : — 

Calme  was  the  day,  and  through  the  trembling  ayre 
Sweete  breathing  Zephyrus  did  softly  play, 
A  gentle  spirit,  that  lightly  did  delay 
Hot  Titan's  beams,  which  then  did  glyster  faire. 
Again  : — 

In  sweetest  season,  when  each  flower  and  weed 
The  earth  did  fresh  array. 

Then  in  Vallans's  poem  the  swans  are  used 

by  Venus  to  draw  her  chariot  through  the  sky  : 

Three  times  had  Venus  used  them  for  to  draw 
Her  ivory  chariot  through  the  lofty  air. 

Spenser  repeats    this    in   the    'Prothalamion 
thus  : — 

Them  seem'd  they  never  saw  a  sight  so  fayre 
Of  fowles,  so  lovely  that  they  sure  did  deeme 
Them  heavenly  borne,  or  to  be  that  same  payre 
Which  through  the  skie  draw  Venus  sliver  teeme. 

In  both  poems  one  finds  very  similar  references 
to  the  Queen.     Thus  in  Vallans's  poem  : — 

By  her  the  only  mirror  of  the  World 
Our  gracious  Queen  and  Prince  Elizabeth. 

In  the  '  Prothalamion  ': — 
And  great  Elisaes  glorious  name  may  ring 
Through  all  the  World. 

One  more  comparison  will,  perhaps,  suffice. 
In  Vallans's  poem  the  swans  are  likened  to  a 
covering  of  the  world  by  snow,  thus  : — 
At  last 

They  come  unto  the  mouth  of  River  Lee, 

Where  all  the  Swans  of  that  part  of  the  Thames 

Attend  to  see  this  royal  companie  : 

So  that  from  Woolwich  to  Black  wall  was  teen 

Nor  water,  nor  the  meadows  thereabout. 

For  look  how  in  a  frostio  night  or  day, 

When  snow  hath  fallen  thick  upon  the  ground, 

Each  gazing  eye  is  dazzled  with  the  sight. 

So  Lillie-white  was  land  and  strand  beseen 

With  thete  faire  Swans. 

In    the    '  Prothalamion '    also    the    swans    are 

compared   to  the  snoto  that   envelopes   Mount 

Pindus,  thus :  — 

Two  fairer  birds  I  yet  did  never  see  i 

The  snow  which  doth  the  top  of  Pir.dus  strew 

Did  never  whiter  show. 

Nor  Jove  himtelf  when  he  a  swan  would  be 


380 


T  B  K     ATHENiEUM 


X  3621,  March  20, '07 


i      lovt  "(  i.«-.i  i  »  blur  did  to] 

■i       I  i  .l.i  »»»  (they  my)  iu  wlii!> ■  .i-  In-, 

DOT  nothing  near 
iriy  wbita  tin  v  m 

Then  oan  be  do  question  u  to  the  date  of  the 
two  poems.  The!  the'Teleof  Tiro Bwaanes ' 
was  published  in  1690,  ;tn<l  written  ssriier, 
La  quite  elesx  from  the  documents  that  are 
printed  with  H  by  Hearne  in  the  lifil)  volume 
of  his  book.  It  is  besides  stated  to  be  of  that 
date  in  Warton'e  'History  of  English  Poetry,' 
ion  wii.  That  the  '  Prothalamion  '  was  not 
pablished  till  1596  is  well  known.  Besides,  the 
'  Prothalamion  '  itself  fixes  its  date  as  not  being 
any  earlier  than  1595,  thus  : — 

When  I.  whom  sullen  enro 

Through  discontent  of  my  long  fruitless  stay 

In  Princes  Court,  and  expectation  vain 

Of  idle  hopes,  which  still  do  fly  away 

Like  empty  shadows,  did  afflict  my  brain 

Walk'd  forth  to  ease  my  pain 

Along  the  shore  of  silver  streaming  Tbemmes. 

It  was  in  1595  that  Spenser  returned,  in  a 
discontented  and  disappointed  condition,  to 
London  from  Ireland,  where  the  greater  part 
of  his  life  had  been  spent,  and  where  his  home, 
"my  house  of  Kilcolman,"  was — hence  the 
reference  in  the  poem  to  his  walk  on  the  banks 
of  the  Thames,  which  must  presumably  have 
been  after  he  returned  to  and  settled  finally  in 
London  in  1595. 

It  will  be  seen  from  these  comparisons,  and 
will  be  more  and  more  evident  on  a  close  com- 
parison of  the  two  poems,  that  as  far  as  plan  is 
concerned  the  '  Prothalamion  '  is  derived  from 
the  '  Tale  of  Two  Swannes,'  and  that  to  a  great 
extent  the  former  poem  is  indebted  to  the  latter 
for  some  of  its  finest  passages  and  even  for  the 
wonderful  beauty  of  its  words. 

The  name  Spenser  has  not  taken,  but  even 
in  this  respect  he  but  makes  a  distinction  with- 
out a  difference,  for  in  truth  the  poems  are  both 
prothalamia,  both  are  tales  of  two  swans  :  the 
one  the  prelude  or  prologue,  so  to  speak,  to  the 
double  marriage  of  the  beautiful  daughters  of 
the  Earl  of  Worcester,  the  other  a  prologue  to 
the  marriage  of  the  two  beautiful  rivers,  the 
Thames  and  the  Lee. 

Instances  many  and  often  occur  to  one  of  the 
practice  of  the  great  writers  of  the  sixteenth 
century  of  appropriating  without  permission 
the  work  of  other  writers  who  had  gone  before 
them  or  who  were  of  their  time.  Shakspeare 
frequently  did  this.  Even  the  chivalrous  Earl 
of  Surrey  did  not  hesitate,  in  his  translation 
of  the  J-Cneid,  to  appropriate  whole  pages  of 
the  earlier  work  of  Gavain  Douglas,  the 
famous  Bishop  of  Dunkeld.  But  in  truth  it 
was  no  wrong  that  the  old  writers  were 
guilty  of  in  imitating  or  borrowing  from 
the  work  of  others,  but  rather  a  mark  of 
homage  or  respect  in  times  when  that  which 
had  once  been  written  and  given  to  the 
world  was  thought  to  be  as  much  public 
property  as  are  now  the  flowers  of  the 
fields  and  the  hedgerows — the  sands  on  the 
seashore.  And  so  it  happens  that  England  is 
richer,  and  the  world  the  richer,  by  the  posses- 
sion of  the  '  Prothalamion.'  The  misfortune  is 
that  for  more  than  three  hundred  years  the 
•  Tale  of  Two  Swannes,'  that  should  have  gone 
with  it,  has  been  hidden  away  and  lost ;  the 
earlier  poem  ie  as  remarkable  for  its  learning, 
its  rich  conceit,  and  the  beauty  and  dignity  of 
its  language,  as  is  the  later  for  its  exquisite 
form  and  picturesqueness,  and  for  the  soft,  con- 
tinued, whispered  stream  of  melody  that  flows 
with  it  throughout. 

The  '  Prothalamion '  has  no  rival,  later  or 
earlier,  or  of  its  day,  says  Prof.  Palgrave.  It 
has  fine  and  beautiful  passages,  and  great 
sweetness  and  force  ;  and  Spenser's  wedding 
hymn,  the  'Epithalamion,'  is  one  of  the  richest 
and  most  magnificent  compositions  of  the  kind 
in  any  language  in  the  opinion  of  the  late  Dean 
Church.  It  was  a  fortunate  thing  then,  and 
for  the  public  good,  that  Spenser  should  have 
taken  what  was  not  his  own  from  Vallans. 
Equally  for  the  public  good  is  it  that  this  poem 


of  Vidians  should  now  be  disinterred  from  its 
grave. 
in  the  days  of  the  Renaissance,  in 

time  and  that  of  Vallans,  it  was  the  custom 
foi  the  friends  and  admirers  of  I  poet  (his 
fellow  workmen)  to  preface  or  endorse  his 
work  by  commendatory  verses  of  their  own. 
And  of  these,  and  crowns  of  laurel,  and 
the  bay  leaves,  and  the  palm,  Spenser  has  had 
enough  ;  Vallans,  with  a  single  but  very  pretty 
and  quaint  exception  that  has  been  bound  up 
by  llearne  with  the  'Tale  of  Two  Swannes,' 
absolutely  none.  And  now  the  leaves  are  long 
since  withered  that  should  have  been  accorded 
to  Vallans,  and  they  who  should  have  written 
the  commendatory  verses  are — with  the  leaves. 
Yet  it  cannot  be  even  yet  too  late  to  accord 
to  Vallans  in  some  manner  the  recognition  his 
beautiful  poem  is  entitled  to  at  the  hands  of  his 
countrymen,  and  whilst  adding  it — as  it  is  to  be 
hoped  it  will  now  be  added — to  the  pages  of 
English  literature  in  a  form  that  is  accessible  to 
all  (for  to  many  or  most  Leland's  great  work  is 
a  book  that  is  quite  inaccessible),  let  there  be 
placed  with  it,  in  remembrance  of  the  gift  and 
of  the  tardiness  of  its  acknowledgment,  this 
motto,  "  Palinam  qui  meruit  ferat." 

Wickham  Flower. 


sale. 
On  Wednesday,  the  10th  inst. — the  same  day 
on  which  were  sold  the  Keats  MSS.,  to  which  we 
referred  last  week — Messrs.  Sotheby  sold  the 
following  books  :  Barclay's  Ship  of  Fools, 
Cawood,  1570,  27?.  Early  Tracts  on  Turkey, 
13?.  10s.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  first  (collected) 
edition,  101.  Latin  Vulgate,  XIV.  Ssec,  MS., 
40?.  Cronycles  of  Englonde,  Notary's  edition, 
1515,  29?.  10s.  Froissart's  Chronicles,  Myddyl- 
ton  and  Pynson,  1525,  35?.  Higden's  Poly- 
chronicon,  W.  de  Worde,  1495  (with  all  faults), 
46J.  10s.  Pierce  Egan's  Real  Life  in  Ireland, 
original  boards,  1821,  271.  Goldsmith's  Vicar  of 
Wakefield,  first  edition,  1766,60?.  Horae  on  vellum, 
French  MS.  with  miniatures,  311.  10s.  Indian 
MS.,  Scec.  XVIII.,  191.  10s.  Daphnis  et  Chloe, 
with  the  Regent's  plates,  35Z.  10s.  Amours  de 
Faublas,  1798,  proofs  before  letters  of  the  plates, 
311.  George  Meredith's  Poems,  original  edition, 
1W.  10s.  Milton's  Poems,  1645,  24L  10s. 
Officium  B.V.M.,  illuminated  Italian  MS., 
S<*ec.  XV.,  132?.  Card,  de  Luxemburg, 
Le  Livre  de  Clergie,  Paris,  J.  Treperel, 
n.d.,  16?.  5s.  Thackeray,  unpublished  auto- 
graph poem  of  two  verses,  1826,  14?.  ;  The 
Fox  and  the  Cat,  an  Irish  fable  by  the  same, 
with  MS.  alterations  by  him,  45?.  Thos.  Ban- 
croft's Two  Bookes  of  Epigrams,  &c,  1639, 
uncut,  42J.  Coryat's  Crudities,  1611,  211. 
Henry  VI II.'s  Necessary  Doctrine,  1543, 16?.  10s. 
Rousseau,  GSuvres,  3  vols.,  bound  by  Padeloup, 
Brux.,  1743,  37?.  Navigation  du  Roy  Jacques  V. , 
1583,  39?.  Spenser's  Complaints,  1591,  29?. 
Mallermi's  Italian  Bible,  1490,  245?. 


THE  SPRING  PUBLISHING  SEASON. 
Among  the  books  in  active  preparation  at 
the  Clarendon  Press  are  :  Fasc.  V.  (completing 
Part  I.)  of  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury's  edition  of 
St.  Jerome's  version  of  the  New  Testament, — 
Part  I.  of  Mr.  G  william's  edition  of  '  The  Peshitto 
Version  of  the  Gospels,' — Mr.  Horner's  edition  of 
'  The  Memphitic  Version  of  the  Gospels,' — Mr. 
Cowley's  'Samaritan  Liturgies,' — Mr.  Turner's 
'  Latin  Versions  of  the  Canons  of  the  Greek 
Councils  of  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  Centuries,' — 
4  Sancti  Ironaii  Novum  Testamentum,'  edited 
by  Prof.  Sanday,  —  '  The  Key  of  Truth  :  a 
Paulician  Ritual  and  Catechism,'  edited  and 
translated  by  Mr.  F.  C.  Conybeare, — '  Legenda 
Anglias,'  edited  by  Dr.  Horstman, — Part  III. 
of  the  '  Old  Testament  History  for  Schools,'  by 
Dr.  Stokoe—  Vols.  III.  and  IV.  of  'The 
Politics  of  Aristotle '  (completing  the  work), 
edited  by  Mr.  Newman, — '  Sources  for  Greek 
History  between  the  Persian  and  Peloponnesian 


Wars,'  edited  by  Mr.  (;.  F.  Hill,  '  Indices  | 
Andocides,  Lycurgus,  and  Dinarchun,'  by  Dr. 
L.  L.  Potman,  —  'Horace,'  I  miniature  text, 
ed  hy  Dr.  Wickham,  — Ovid's  II 
sd  hy  Dr.  A.  Palmer, —  Omar's  'Gallic 
War,'  edited  by  Mr.  St.  George  Stock,— 
I  X.  of  Payne  Smith's  '  Thesaurus  Syriacus,' 

— Part   II.   of   '  An   Abridged    Syriac    Lexicon,' 
by  Mrs.    Margoliouth, —  Part    VI.    of    the    new- 
edition  of  Oesenios, — Part  II.  of  Prof.  Et! 
'Catalogue   of    the   Turkish,    Hindustani,    and 
Pushtu  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian,'— Dr.  Baronian'l 
'Catalogue   of    the    Armenian   MSS.,' — 'John- 
sonian   Miscellanies,'   edited   by   Dr.    Birkbeck 
Hill,— Vol.  IV.  of  Mr.  Madan's  '  Catalogue 
Bodleian  MSS.,'— 'The  Church  of  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin,  Oxford,' with  illustrations,  by  Mr.  T.  G. 
Jackson, — '^Etolia,' by  Mr.  Wood  house, — 'A  Cata- 
logue of  the  Antiquities  in  the  Cyprus  Museum,' 
by  Mr.  Myres  and  Dr.    Ohnefalsch  Richter, — 
Vol.  II.  of  Mr.  Payne's  '  History  of  America,' — 
Vols.  I.  and  II.  of  Mr.  Airy's  edition  of  Bun. 
'History  of  my  Own  Time,' — Aubrey's  'Brief 
Lives,'  edited  by  Mr.   A.   Clark,  —  'Selections- 
from  the  Whitefoord   Papers,'    edited  by  Mr. 
Hewins, — 'The  Landnama-B6c,'  edited  by  Vig- 
fiisson  and   Mr.  York  Powell, — Vols.  VII.  and 
VIII.   of  Thorold    Rogers's   '  History  of  Agri- 
culture   and   Prices,' — 'Manners,    Institutions, 
and  Ceremonies  of  the  Hindus,'  by  the  Abbe 
J.  A.  Dubois,  translated  by  Mr.   Beauchamp, — 
Part  II.  of  Mr.  Macray's  '  Catalogue  of  the  Raw- 
linson    MSS.   (D)    in  the  Bodleian  Library,' — 
Part  VI.   of  the   '  Historical  Atlas  of  Modern 
Europe,  from  the  Decline  of  the  Roman  Emp  i 
edited  by  Mr.  R.  L.  Poole,— Part  IV.  Sect.  II. 
of    '  Bosworth's    Anglo-Saxon    Dictionary,'  — 
further  portions  of  D  and  of  F  in  the  '  New 
English  Dictionary,' — 'King  Horn,' edited  by 
Mr.  J.  Hall, — 'Chaucerian  and  other  Pieces,' 
edited  by  Prof.  Skeat, — '  Part  I.  of  King  Henry 
the  Fourth,'  edited  by  Dr.  Aldis  Wright, — the 
'Opus  Majus'of  Roger  Bacon,  edited  by  Dr. 
Bridges, — 'The   Flora   of   Berkshire,'   by   Mr. 
G.  C.   Druce, — and   in   "Sacred  Books  of  the 
East,"   'The    /Satapatha-Brahmana,'   translated 
by  Mr.  J.  Eggeling,  Part  III.;  and  'The  Con- 
tents of   the  Nasks,'  Part  II.,  by  Mr.  E.  W. 
West. 

Messrs.  Dent  include  in  their  spring 
announcements  '  The  Crown  of  St.  Awdry  : 
a  Handbook  to  Ely  Cathedral,'  by  the 
Dean  of  Ely,— '  The  First  Crossing  of  Spits- 
bergen,'by  Sir  Martin  Conway, — 'Picturesque 
Burma,'  by  Mrs.  Ernest  Hart,  —  'Richard 
Wagner,'  by  H.  S.  Chamberlain, — 'Of  Dandy- 
ism and  of  George  Brummell,'  translated  from 
J.  A.  Barbey  d'Aurevilly  by  Mr.  D.  Ainslie, — 
'  Tales  from  the  Isles  of  Greece  :  Sketches  of 
Modern  Greek  Peasant  Life,'  from  the  Greek 
of  Argyris  Ephtaliotis,  translated  by  Mr. 
W.  H.  D.  Rouse, — 'Jinny  Blake,'  a  novel  by 
Miss  Hannah  Lynch, — "The  Ethics  of  the 
Surface  Series":  No.  2,  'A  Homburg  Story,' 
by  Gordon  Seymour, — 'The  Master  Beggars  :  a- 
Romance,'  by  Mr.  L.  Cope  Cornford, — a  trans- 
lation of  Prof.  Legouis'8  '  Early  Life  of  William 
Wordsworth:  1770-1798,'  by  Mr.  J.  W. 
Matthews, — '  Bon  Mots  of  the  Eighteenth  and 
Nineteenth  Century,'  selected  and  edited  by 
Mr.  W.  Jerrold,  illustrated  with  grotesques  by 
Alice  B.  Woodward, — 'Shakespeare's  London/ 
by  Mr.  Fairman  Ordish,  illustrated  with  pen- 
and-ink  sketches  and  a  map  of  old  London 
("Temple  Shakespeare  Manuals"),  —  'The 
Lyric  Poems  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,' 
edited  by  Mr.  Rhys  ("Lyric  Poets  Series"), 
—  'Grains  of  Sense,'  by  Lady  Welby. — 
in  the  "Temple  Classics  Series,"  Malory's 
'  Morte  Darthur,'  4  vols.  ;  Florio's  '  Mon- 
taigne,' 6  vols.;  Carlyle's  'French  Revolu- 
tion,'3  vols.  ;  Chapman's  'Homer's  Odyssey,' 
2  vols.  ;  and  Boswell's  'Johnson,' 6  vols., — in 
the  "  Temple  Dramatists  Series,"  '  Doctor 
Faustus  '  ;  '  Woman  Killed  with  Kindness  '  ; 
'  The  Merry  Devil  of  Edmonton  '  ;  '  The  Two 
Noble  Kinsmen' ;  and  'Philaster,' — 'The  School 


N°3621,  March  20,  ?97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


381 


for  Scandal,'  edited  by  Mr.  Aitken, — and  several 
new  volumes  of  the  translation  of  Balzac's 
"  Come'die  Humaine "  :  '  The  Lily  of  the 
Valley  '  ;  '  Lost  Illusions  '  ;  'A  Distinguished 
Provincial  at  Paris  '  ;  and  '  Seraphita.' 

Messrs.  Digby,  Long  &  Co.'s  spring  an- 
nouncements include  'Francesca  Halstead,'  by 
Reginald  St.  Barbe, — '  In  the  Name  of  Liberty,' 
by  Miss  Florence  Marryat, — 'A  Last  Throw,' 
by  Mrs.  A.  M.  Diehl,  — '  The  Kestyns  of  Gather 
Castle,'  by  R.  F.  Eldridge,  —  'Ballyronan,'  by 
R.  Alexander, — 'My  Yarns  of  Sea-Foam  and 
Gold-Dust,'  by  Capfc.  Chas.  Clark,  —  '  Fate's 
Fetters,'  by  Jean  de  la  Brete,  translated  by  Mrs. 
F.  Hoper-Dixon, — 'Dinner  for  Thirteen,'  by 
John  Bridge,— 'A  Troth  of  Tears,'  by  C.  A. 
Mendham, — 'Major  Carlile,' by  Hattil  Foil, — 
'Sybil  Fairleigh,'  by  S.  E.  Hall,— 'A  Lady's 
Confessions,'  by  T.  Molyneux,  — 'A  Short 
Innings,  a  New  Story  of  Public  School  Life,' 
by  Tivoli, — 'Circumstantial  Evidence,'  by  J.  H. 
Swingler, — 'Pro  Patria, 'by Mrs.  Castle-Leaver, 
illustrated, — 'The  Devil's  Daughter,'  by  Val. 
Nightingale, —  'Small  Concerns,'  by  Frances 
England,  —  cheap  editions  of  various  other 
novels, — 'The  Birds  of  our  Country,'  by  Mr. 
H.  E.  Stewart,  withillustrationsby  various  artists, 
— '  Is  Natural  Selection  the  Creator  of  Species  V 
by  Mr.  D.  Graham, — 'Glimpses  of  Life  in 
Bermuda  and  the  Tropics,'  by  Margaret  New- 
ton, with  illustrations  by  the  author,  — '  The 
Story  of  Jephthah,  and  other  Poems,'  by  Mr. 
W.  Thead, — '  Word  Sketches  in  Windsor,'  by 
Mr.  A.  Buckler,— '  The  Magic  Key,'  a  fairy 
drama  in  four  acts,  by  Mr.  I.  Willcocks, — and 
4  Odds  and  Ends,'  by  an  Odd  Fellow. 


ST.  PATRICK. 


Bardwell,  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  March  16,  1897. 

Mr.  Olden  does  not  notice  that  in  a  note  in 
torn.  ii.  p.  346  Mr.  Plummer  goes  some  way 
to  retract  his  scepticism  on  p.  25  as  to  the 
existence  of  St.  Patrick. 

If  Mr.  Plummer  replies,  it  would  be  kind  if 
he  would  say  how  he  disposes  of  the  evidence 
contained  in  the  hymn  in  praise  of  St.  Patrick, 
usually  known  as  the  'Hymn  of  St.  Sechnall,' 
of  which  a  seventh  century  copy  exists  in  the 
Antiphonary  of  Bangor.  He  does  not,  I  think, 
refer  to  it  in  his  edition  of  Bede. 

F.  E.  Warren. 


Utterarg  (ffiosstp. 

Mr.  S.  R.  Gardiner  is  preparing  a  reply 
to  Father  Gerard's  monograph  on  the  Gun- 
powder Plot  which  will  blow  that  ingenious 
Jesuit's  theory  to  atoms.  Mr.  Gardiner's 
title  is  '  What  the  Gunpowder  Plot  Was.' 

In  the  April  number  of  Macmillait's  Maga- 
zine will  be  published  the  narrative  of  a 
journey  from  Hebron  to  Petra  by  the  late 
Edward  Lear,  made  at  a  time  when  travel- 
ling in  Palestine  was  by  no  means  the  safe 
and  easy  affair  it  has  now  become.  The 
number  will  also  include  an  article  on  the 
Prince  of  Wales's  Hospital  Fund,  by  Mr. 
C.  S.  Loch,  secretary  to  the  Charity  Organi- 
zation Society,  and  one  on  the  famine  in 
India,  by  Col.  Trevor,  C.S.I.,  late  Agent  to 
the  Governor-General  in  Itajputana. 

A  you-MF.  of  l~Se\v  Poems,'  by  Mr. 
Francis  Thompson,  will  be  issued  this 
spring  by  Messrs.  Constablo  &  Co.  The 
contents  will  be  more  numerous  and  more 
varied  than  they  wero  in  the  samo  author's 
first  volume  of  '  Poems,'  now  in  its  fifth 
edition.  The  volume  has  fivo  sections, 
entitlod  'Sight  and  Insight,'  'A  Narrow 
Vessel,'  '  Miscellaneous  Odes,'  'Miscel- 
laneous Poems,'  and  'Ultima.'  Tho  de- 
dication   to    Mr.    Coventry    Patmoro    was 


written  before  that  poet's  death ;    but  Mr. 
Thompson  has  decided  that  it  shall  stand. 

Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.  will  shortly 
publish  a  volume  on  '  The  Christian 
Ecclesia,'  consisting  of  a  course  of  lectures 
and  four  sermons  by  the  late  Prof.  Hort. 
The  lectures  contain  a  careful  survey  of  the 
evidence  to  be  derived  from  the  literature 
of  the  apostolic  age  for  the  solution  of  a 
fundamental  problem.  The  title  "Ecclesia  " 
was  chosen  expressly  for  its  freedom  from 
the  distracting  associations  which  have 
gathered  round  its  more  familiar  synonyms, 
and  is  in  itself  sufficient  indication  of  the 
spirit  of  genuine  historical  inquiry  in  which 
the  study  was  undertaken.  The  sermons  to 
some  extent  supply  the  gap  in  the  original 
scheme,  which  the  writer  did  not  live  to 
complete,  dealing  from  different  points  of 
view  with  the  early  conceptions  of  the 
Ecclesia. 

Mr.  Austin  Dobson  has  written  a  poem 
of  some  length,  which  will  be  read  at  the 
Omar  Khayyam  Club  on  the  occasion  of  its 
dinner  (when  Lord  Wolseley  will  be  the 
guest  of  the  club)  next  Thursday.  Mr. 
Dobson's  poem  will  be  issued  immediately 
afterwards,  in  pamphlet  form,  in  a  strictly 
limited  edition. 

To    the    April    number   of    the   Cornhitt 

Magazine  Sir  Walter  Besant  contributes  a 
vigorous  appeal  for  the  establishment  of 
a  day  of  celebration  which  is  designed  to 
focus  the  sentiment  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
race,  the  day  suggested  being  the  anniver- 
sary of  Shakspeare's  birth  and  death, 
April  23rd  ;  Mr.  Leslie  Stephen  gives  an 
elaborate  account  of  the  causes  which  led 
to  Sir  Walter  Scott's  financial  failure ;  and 
Mr.  C.  J.  Cornish  discourses  on  the  cost  of 
great  country  houses  a  propos  of  Lord  Car- 
rington's  recent  speech  upon  the  subject. 

Mr.  J.  A.  Blaikie,  who  has  acted  as 
assistant- editor  of  the  British  Review  since 
that  journal  was  established,  will  cease  to 
have  any  connexion  whatever  with  the 
National  Observer  and  British  Review  after 
the  10th  of  April  next. 

Mr.  A.  P.  Graves  writes : — 

"  Your  readers  will  be  interested  to  learn 
that  a  grant  of  150L  has  been  made  by  the 
Treasury  out  of  the  Royal  Bounty  Fund  to  Mrs. 
Fox  and  Mrs.  Brush,  the  two  surviving  daughters 
of  William  Carleton,  the  Irish  novelist.  These 
ladies  desire  to  express  through  your  columns 
their  sincere  thanks  to  the  Irish  men  of  letters 
who  supported  the  memorial  thus  favourably 
dealt  with  by  Mr.  Arthur  Balfour." 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Selden  Society 
will  be  held  in  the  Council  Room,  Lincoln's 
Inn  Hall,  on  Wednesday  next.  Lord  Her- 
schell  will  preside.  The  number  of  the 
society's  members  has  increased  during  1896 
to  25(5,  from  223  for  1895.  Volume  X.  of 
the  publications,  '  Select  Cases  in  Chancery, 
a.d.  1364-1841,'  edited  by  Mr.  W.  P.  Bail- 
don,  representing  tho  issue  for  1896,  has 
now  been  published.  Volume  XL,  for  1897, 
will  form  a  socond  volumo  of  '  Soloct  Pleas 
in  tho  Court  of  Admiralty,'  edited,  as  the 
first  volumo,  by  Mr.  K.  Gh  Marsden.  It  is 
nearly  through  tho  press.  Volume  XII.,  for 
1898,  will  be  a  volumo  on  tho  Courts  of 
Bequest  by  Mr.  I.  8.  Leadam.  This  is 
almost  ready  for  press.  Tho  Council  has 
had  before  it  a  proposal  to  reprint  tho  year- 
books of  tho  reign  of  Edward  II.     The  pro- 


ject would  in  no  way  conflict  with  the 
plan  laid  down  by  the  Government  for 
the  publication  in  the  Rolls  Series  ^of 
year  -  books  which  have  never  yet  been 
printed,  for  the  proposal  is  to  produce  a 
standard  specimen  reprint  of  some  of  those 
year-books  already  published,  of  which  the 
text  is  known  to  be  inaccurate  and  mis- 
leading. A  revised  and  collated  text,  a  suf- 
ficient reference  to  the  records  to  elucidate 
the  arguments  and  judgments,  and  a  careful 
translation  are  the  chief  things  aimed  at.  It  is 
calculated  that  the  year-books  of  Edward  II. 
so  treated  would  require  from  seven  to  ten 
volumes,  and  they  might  be  published 
every  second  or  third  year,  while  the  inter- 
vening years  might  still  be  occupied  with 
such  varied  subjects  as  have  been  hitherto 
undertaken ;  or  the  year-books  might  be 
published  occasionally,  as  funds  will  allow, 
as  additional  volumes.  It  is  proposed  to 
make  the  offices  of  president  and  vice- 
president  triennial,  as  is  the  case  with 
membership  of  the  Council. 

Abbot  Bergh,  of  St.  Augustine's  Bene- 
dictine monastery  at  Eamsgate,  is  about  to 
issue,  through  Messrs.  Burns  &  Oates,  '  A 
Study  of  the  Life  of  St.  Augustine.'  The 
St.  Augustine  in  question  is,  of  course,  the 
apostle  of  England,  the  fourteenth  centenary 
of  whose  landing  on  the  Kentish  coast  is  to- 
be  commemorated  this  year.  Abbot  Bergh 
has  made  a  special  study  of  Augustine's 
relations  with  St.  Gregory  the  Great  and 
with  the  Welsh  representatives  of  the  old 
English  Church. 

Mr.  Bryce,  M.P.,  has  undertaken  to  dis- 
tribute the  prizes,  certificates,  and  diplomas 
of  the  College  of  Preceptors  on  the  last  day 
of  March. 

A  story  entitled  'The  Devil's  Head,' 
by  Mr.  Fitzgerald  Molloy,  will  begin  its 
serial  course  early  in  spring  through  Messrs. 
Tillotson's  syndicate  of  newspapers.  The 
same  syndicate  will  run  later  on  a  series  of 
biographical  studies  called  '  Some  Women 
Writers  of  the  Victorian  Era,'  specially 
written  by  Mr.  Molloy  for  Messrs.  Tillotson. 

There  is  little  to  note  in  the  annual 
report  of  the  Society  for  the  Preservation  of 
tho  Irish  Language.  The  number  of  pupils 
who  have  passed  in  Irish  in  the  schools  of 
the  National  Board  has  increased  by  about 
fifty,  and  there  is  a  slight  increase  in  those 
who  have  been  successful  in  the  Intermediate 
examinations  in  Irish. 

ARCiiBisnor  Benson's  book  on  '  The  Life 
and  Times  of  St.  Cyprian '  is  now  all  but 
ready,  and  will  be  issued  by  Messrs.  Mac- 
millan before  Easter. 

The  Hon.  Stuart  Erskine  has  in  the  press 
a  satirical  romance  entitled  '  Lord  Dul- 
borough.' 

Mr.  Carlton  Dawe,  tho  author  of  a 
volumo  of  studios  of  life  in  the  far  East, 
'  Yellow  and  White,'  has  written  a 
romance  of  tho  China  seas,  entitled  '  Capt. 
Castle,'  which  will  be  published  by  Messrs. 
Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  Mr.  Carlton  Dawe, 
who  writes  from  personal  experience,  has 
spent  a  considerable  time  on  tho  Chinese 
and  Japaneso  coasts. 

We  ought  to  liavo  recorded  last  week  tho 
decease  of  Dr.  Cobham  Brewer,  brother  of 

the  well-known    historian,  and   tin1  compiler 

of  'Guide  to  Scionco,'  'Tie'  Dictionary  of 


T  BE     A  T  II  I!  \  .)■]  n  M 


Phrase  and  Fable,'  '  The  Read*  r  •  Band- 
ar,'and  other  works  which  showed  the 
author's  omnivorous  appetite  for  books,  but, 
unfortunatelj,  were  somewhat  uncritical 
and  inexact.  This  week  the  dec 
announced   oi    Mr.    II.   M'Oall,  author  of 

'Ireland     and    her     Staple     Manufactures' 
and  'Tho  House  <>('  Downahire.1 

\\'i:  hear  that  the  seoond  volume  of  the 
'Schriftcn  /ur  Kritik,'  by  the  late  Prof.  M. 
Bernays,  about  which  wo  ex  pressed  the 
hopo  a  fortnight  ago  that  it  had  beon  com- 
pleted by  the  author,  is  actually  in  the 
press,  and  is  expected  to  appear  shortly  at 
Leipzig.  A  considerable,  portion  of  the 
work  is  devoted  to  German  literature  in 
Switzerland  in  recent  years. 

TEUTONIC  philology  has  sustained  a  serious 
loss  by  tho  death  of  Dr.  Daniel  Sanders, 
on  the  lltb  inst.,  in  his  seventy-seventh 
year.  After  having  completed  his  univer- 
sity career  and  conducted  successfully  for 
some  years  a  school  at  his  native  town 
Alt-Strelitz,  ho  devoted  himself  entirely  to 
philological  and  lexicographical  work.  A 
complete  list  of  bis  writings  would  fill 
several  columns  of  this  journal,  and  so 
we  will  confine  ourselves  to  mentioning  bis 
great  '  Worterbuch  der  deutschen  Sprache  ' 
in  three  volumes,  supplemented  in  1885 
by  bis  '  Ergiinzungs-  Worterbuch.'  These 
two  Worterbucher  were  subsequently  com- 
bined by  him  in  a  corrected  and  com- 
pleted form,  the  manuscript  of  wbicb  bas 
been  secured,  to  the  chagrin  of  patriotic 
Germans,  by  the  British  Museum.  For  the 
last  ten  years  ho  edited  the  periodical 
Zeitschrift  fur  deutsche  Sprache,  wbicb  be 
recently  gave  up  in  order  to  devote  him- 
self exclusively  to  tbe  compilation  of  the 
German  -  English  part  of  Muret's  '  Ency- 
klopiidisches  Worterbuch.'  Dr.  Sanders 
was  also  the  author  of  a  '  Neugriecbiscbe 
Grammatik,'  and  in  conjunction  with  M. 
A.  E.  Eangabe  he  wrote  a  '  Gescbichte  der 
neugriechischen  Litteratur.' 

Me.  Teubner,  of  Leipzig,  announces  an 
edition,  in  ten  volumes,  of  the  'Lexico- 
graphi  Grrcci,'  which  was  one  of  Bentley's 
projects,  under  the  general  editorship  of 
Prof.  Uhlig  and  Dr.  Wentzol.  The  same 
publisher  promises  in  his  well-known  series 
of  Greek  and  Latin  texts  an  edition  by  Dr. 
Gleye  of  the  chronicle  of  John  Malalas 
(wbicb  Bentley,  it  may  be  remembered, 
made  the  subject  of  bis  famous  letter  to 
Mill),  and  one  by  Dr.  Kroll  of  the  Greek 
romance  of  Alexander. 

TnE  Parliamentary  Papers  of  tho  week 
include  Statutes  made  by  Balliol,  New,  and 
University  Colleges,  Oxford,  and  by  Clare 
College,  Cambridge  {Id.  each);  Queen 
Anno's  Bounty,  Annual  Eeport  (3d.)  ;  the 
Annual  Statistical  Eeport  of  St.  Andrew's 
University  (L/.);  Wellington  College,  Ee- 
port for  1895  (lrf.) ;  and  Evening  Continua- 
tion Schools,  Eeturn  (2^.). 


N°3621t  Ma»  ii  20,  '97 


SCIENCE 


ELEMENTARY    MATHEMATICAL    BOOKS. 

The  Element.,  of  Applied  Mathematics.  By 
C.  M.  Jessop,  M.A.  (Bell  &  Sons.)-Tho 
author  tells  us  that  lie  has  founded  this  treatise 
on  an  uncompleted  manuscript  loft  by  his  father 
of  which  he  has  considerably  extended  the  scope! 
ino  work,  as  it  is  now  presented,  is  decidedly 


above  the  ai  in  oi  mathematical   i 

books.     We  lea.-  nut  often  come  aero  i  ■  hook 
thai  more  successfully  combines  clearness  and 
simplicity  with  reasonable  brevity.     It  treat 
kinetics,  statics,  and  hydrostatics,  and  (follow 
ing  the  arrangement  now  most  approved)  di 
with  these  subjects  in  the  order  stated.    The 
problems  for  praotioe  are  abundant,  as  are 
those  worked  out  ,-is  examples,  so  that  the  I 
will  be  especially  appreciated  by  students  who 

have  to  dispense  with  the  aid  of  a  teacher. 

Elementary  Algebra.  By  .1.  \Y.  Welsford, 
M.A.,  and  0.  H.  P.  Mayo,  .M.A.  (Longmans 
>v  <'".)  This  is  a  well-written  work  on  a  sub- 
ject which  it  is  dillicult  to  treat  with  much 
originality.  The  most  distinguishing  feature  is 
what  the  authors  call  "  review  exercises."  These 
are  collections  of  easy  questions  at  the  end  of 
each  chapter,  which  are  intended  to  impress 
upon  the  mind  of  the  learner  the  principles 
previously  explained.  A  single  example  will 
Buffice:  "If  a  gain  of  11.  is  the  unit,  what  is 
understood  by  -x+y,  and  what  by  -x-yV 
But  even  this  is  hardly  original,  for  we  have  seen 
something  very  similar  in  other  text-books  which 
have  appeared  earlier,  as,  for  example,  that 
written  by  Messrs.  Hall  and  Knight.  The  four 
pages  of  logarithmic  tables  might,  without  dis- 
advantage, have  been  omitted,  as  they  are 
nothing  like  enough  to  afford  sufficient  practice. 
For  that  a  complete  table  would  be  necessary. 

Mensuration  for  Senior  Students.  By  Alfred 
Lodge,  M.A.  (Longmans  &  Co.)— We  can 
highly  recommend  this  book,  not  only  to  engi- 
neering students — for  whom  it  appears  to 
be  more  especially  intended— but  to  other 
mathematicians.  The  author  justly  lays  great 
stress  on  the  importance  of  Simpson's  rule  for 
finding  the  volume  of  a  solid,  deducing  from 
this  one  general  rule  all  the  other  formula?  for 
the  simpler  cases.  The  book  presupposes  in 
the  student  a  rudimentary  knowledge  of  trigo- 
nometry up  to  the  solution  of  triangles. 

Longmans'  Junior  School  Mensuration.  By 
W.  S.  Beard.  (Longmans  &  Co.)— Of  this  little 
manual  there  is  really  nothing  to  say  except 
that,  as  far  as  we  have  examined  it,  Mr.  Beard 
has  accurately  stated  the  customary  simple  rules, 
and  given  plenty  of  examples  for  practice.  The 
compilation  is  intended  "  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  Oxford  and  Cambridge  junior  local 
examinations,  the  College  of  Preceptors,  &c." 

Euclid's  Elements  of  Geometry,  V.-VI.  By 
H.  M.  Taylor,  M.A.  (Cambridge,  University 
Press.)— Mr.  Taylor  treats  the  subject  of  pro- 
portion with  as  much  clearness  as  the  restric- 
tions which  he  has  imposed  upon  himself  by 
adopting  Euclid's  cumbrous  definition  allow. 
But  why  did  he  thus  fetter  himself?  He 
might  have  accurately  defined  the  proportion 
A  :  B  -  C  :  D  as  meaning  that  B  can  be  sub- 
tracted as  many  times  from  ?iA,  for  all  values 
of  the  integer  n,  exactly  as  many  times  (not 
necessarily  without  a  remainder)  as  D  can  be 
subtracted  from  nC.  This  simple  definition 
implies  Euclid's,  and,  like  his,  applies  to 
commensurables  and  incommensurables  alike. 
Should  it  be  objected  to  it — as  may  also 
be  objected  to  Euclid's  —  that  it  cannot 
apply  to  angles  without  taking  account  of 
angles  greater  than  the  sum  of  four  right  angles 
—a  class  of  magnitudes  which  Euclid  does  not 
recognize— we  may  substitute  the  following 
definition  :  A  is  said  to  have  the  same  ratio 
to  B  that  C  has  to  D  when  J  B  can  be  sub- 
tracted from  A  exactly  as  many  times  (not 
necessarily  without  a  remainder)  as  },  D  can  be 
subtracted  from  C,  for  all  values  of  the  integer 
n.  _  This  definition,  like  the  former,  will  apply 
to  incommensurables  as  well  as  commensurables  j 
and  it  will  still  hold  good  if  (in  order  to  keep 
within  Euclid's  unnecessary  restrictions  in  the 
matter  of  postulates)  we  limit  n  to  the  integers 
2,  4,  8,  1C>,  and  the  other  powers  of  2.  This 
limitation  would  turn  the  difficulty  (a  wholly 
arbitrary  and  unnecessary  one)  about  trisecting 


BO  angle  without  departing  from  Euclid's  postu- 

fVoohvieh   Math*  <  t'-ij,. , . .     i 

Brooksmith,  B  L  Kfacmillan  A;  Co.) — The  title 
II  Bin  utlicient  explanation    of  this  book. 

It  contains   the   problems   set  to  candidates 
admission    to    Woolwich    from    lHKt   to    18'J4   in 
the  various   branches  of  mathematics,  including 
arithmetic.      The  answers  are  given  at  the  end, 
hut  no  solutions  are  worked  out. 

Handbook  of  Mental  Arithmetic.     (Blackwood 

us. ;     This  is  a  compilation  of  which  we  do 

not  very  clearly  see  the  utility.      Jt  is  an  ex; 

sive    collection    of    examples    "suited    to    the 

requirements  of  the  English  an  Codes," 

and  is  graduated  f  mm. Standard  I.  to  Standard  VI. 
The  answers  are  given  in  the  margin  to  the 
right  of  the  questions.  Lazy  and  unintelligent 
teachers  may  conceivably  find  the  book  useful  ; 
those  who  do  not  deserve  these  epithets  will  not 
require  it. 

Geometry  for  Kirulenjartt  n  Students,  by  Mrs. 
Adeline  Pullar  (Sonnenschein  &  Co.),  is  not 
intended  for  students  who  have  had  the  ad- 
vantage of  a  previous  mathematical  training, 
and  consequently  assumes  an  aspect  which  is 
strange  to  readers  of  older  text-  books  of  geometry. 
And  although  it  will  be  useful  in  many  ways  to 
advanced  Kindergarten  students,  it  is  at  once 
apparent  that  its  usefulness  will  be  greatly  in- 
creased if  its  perusal  be  preceded  by  a  course 
of  closely  reasoned  geometry.  This  course  of 
'  Geometry  for  Kindergarten  Students  '  really 
resolves  itself  into  a  course  of  geometrical  draw- 
ing, combined  with  an  extensive  series  of  skilfully 
planned  illustrations  of  geometrical  truths  by 
means  of  the  Froebelian  apparatus.  We  can 
hardly  recommend  it  as  of  much  educative 
value  by  itself  unless  it  be  the  sequel  to  a 
more  logical  and  accurate  study  of  geometry. 
Those  who  wrestled  in  boyhood  with  old- 
fashioned  editions  of  Euclid  will  remember  that 
the  language  of  the  propositions  was,  if  cumber- 
some, accurate,  and  the  reasoning  cogent.  It 
seems  to  us  that  many  of  the  propositions  given 
by  the  author  contain  statements  which  are 
incomplete,  and  therefore  puzzling  if  not  mis- 
leading ;  and  in  several  cases  statements  are 
accepted  as  proved  when  the  proof  is  by  no 
means  apparent.  This  loose  treatment  of  a 
subject  like  geometry  deprives  it  of  much  of 
its  educational  profit,  and  tends  to  foster  not 
only  the  habit  of  inexact  expression,  from 
which  the  author  is  not  free,  but  the  habit  of 
inaccurate  and  languid  thinking.  Mrs.  Pullar 
herself  supplies  an  illustration  of  this  evil  ten- 
dency :  in  describing  the  solids  of  which 
Froebel's  Gift  II.  consists,  she  places  before 
the  reader  the  statement,  "The  cylinder  is 
equal  in  breadth  and  height."  This  statement 
is  vicious,  and,  so  far  as  we  can  make  out, 
meaningless.  The  text  is  amply  supplied  with 
diagrams,  but  several  of  them  are  carelessly 
executed,  and  many  of  the  reference-letters  are 
illegible.  The  Kindergarten  illustrations  which 
close  most  of  the  chapters  are  skilfully  chosen 
and  explained,  and  will  be  useful  to  students, 
to  whose  attention  we  also  recommend  the 
practical  advice  in  modelling,  both  in  clay  and 
cardboard. 


PROF.    SYLVESTER. 

Prof.  Sylvester,  who  died  on  Monday,  was 
a  mathematician  of  European  reputation,  one  of 
those  whose  investigations  are  understood  byonly 
a  small  band  of  specialists.  Along  with  Cayley 
and  Clifford  he  occupied  himself  with  problems 
which  are  unintelligible  to  the  mass  of  mankind. 
He  had,  however,  been  widely  honoured.  He 
had  been  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  for 
nearly  fifty  years  ;  he  had  received  from  it  two 
medals,  and  also  the  De  Morgan  Medal  of  the 
London  Mathematical  Society  ;  he  was  a  corre- 
sponding member  of  the  Institute  of  France,  and 
a  foreign  member  of  learned  societies  at  Berlin, 
Boston,  Gottingen,  Naples,  Rome,  and  St. 
1  Petersburg. 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


383 


He  was  born  in  London  in  1814,  educated  at 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  came  out 
Second  Wrangler  in  1837,  when  the  Johnians 
occupied  the  first  three  places  in  the  Tripos. 
On  account  of  being  a  Jew  he  could  not  take 
his  degree,  but  he  immediately  became  Pro- 
fessor of  Natural  Philosophy  in  University 
College,  Gower  Street,  and  afterwards  he  held 
for  some  years  the  Chair  of  Mathematics  in 
the  University  of  Virginia.  On  his  return  to 
London  he,  like  De  Morgan,  got  called  to  the 
Bar,  but  he  never  practised,  and  in  1855  he 
became  a  professor  at  the  Military  Academy, 
Woolwich.  In  1877  he  was  induced  to  accept 
a  chair  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and 
there  he  led  a  singularly  busy  life  for  six  years. 
It  was  the  first  time  he  had  the  opportunity 
of  teaching  anything  beyond  the  rudiments,  and 
he  enjoyed  the  change  greatly.  In  1883  he 
was  chosen  Savilian  Professor  at  Oxford  in  suc- 
cession to  Henry  Smith,  and  held  the  post  for 
ten  years,  when  advancing  age  led  him  to  retire. 
For  some  little  time  past  his  health  had  been 
failing. 

Prof.  Sylvester  was  fond  of  writing  Latin 
epigrams  and  English  verses,  and  in  1870  he 
published  'The  Laws  of  Verse,'  a  some- 
what whimsical  and  egotistical  volume, 
illustrated  by  specimens  of  his  own  com- 
positions, on  which  he,  of  course,  prided 
himself  as  much  as  on  his  mathematical  dis- 
coveries. Indeed,  almost  to  the  close  of  his 
life  he  continued  to  experiment  in  metres  ;  but 
it  cannot  be  said  he  possessed  skill  equal  to  his 
ambition.  He  was  essentially  a  kind-hearted 
man,  but  with  a  quick  temper  and  a  strain  of 
naive  vanity  which  made  many  people  unjust 
to  his  extraordinary  powers  as  a  mathematician. 

ASTRONOMICAL    NOTES. 

D'Arrest's  periodical  comet  is  now  passing 
in  a  north-easterly  direction  through  the  con- 
stellation Aquarius,  its  approximate  place  for 
next  Monday  being,  according  to  M.  Leveau's 
ephemeris,  R.A.  20'1  40m,  N.P.D.  98°  1'.  It 
will  continue  to  increase  in  apparent  brightness 
until  the  beginning  of  June. 

Mr.  C.  Leeson  Prince,  F.R.A.S.,  of  Crow- 
borough  Hill,  Sussex,  has  sent  his  usual  meteoro- 
logical summary  for  1896,  a  year  the  conditions 
of  which  were  remarkable  in  several  respects. 
The  early  part  of  it  was  exceedingly  mild  and 
dry,  the  mean  temperature  of  January  being 
more  than  two,  and  of  March  nearly  four 
degrees  above  the  average,  while  the  rainfalls 
both  of  February  and  May  were  considerably 
less  than  half  an  inch.  For  several  years  past 
the  latter  has  been  the  driest  month  in  the  year. 
The  drought  in  the  spring  of  1896  terminated  in 
the  first  week  of  June,  but  July  was  brilliant, 
with  only  occasional  rainfall,  and  its  mean 
temperature  was  exactly  equal  to  the  average 
of  the  last  twenty-three  years,  the  thermo- 
meter reading  only  twice  exceeding  80°.  August 
was  showery  and  cold,  with  a  mean  temperature 
more  than  four  degrees  below  the  average, 
whilst  September  was  remarkable  for  its  low 
temperature  and  very  heavy  rainfall,  amounting 
to  more  than  eight  inches.  October  was  wet 
and  cold,  with  a  heavy  snow  shower  on  the 
morning  of  the  19th  ;  November  was,  on  the 
whole,  pleasant,  with  more  sunshine  than 
usual,  but  the  mean  temperature  was  low ; 
December  was  mild  and  rainy,  except  in  the 
third  week,  and  was  remarkable  for  a  very 
severe  gale  from  the  south-west  on  the  4th. 
The  total  rainfall  for  the  year  was  33  55  inches 
at  Crowborough  (four  inches  more  than  were 
registered  at  Lewes).  The  highest  temperature 
recorded  was  89-2  in  July,  and  the  lowest  22° *6 
in  February. 

The  small  planet,  No.  422,  which  was  dis- 
covered by  Ilerr  Witt  at  the  Urania  Observa- 
tory, Berlin,  on  October  8th,  1896,  has  been 
named  Berolina. 

Prof.  E.  C.  Pickering  communicates  to  Att. 
Nach.  No.  3400  a  specimen  of  the  results  ob- 


tained with  the  Bruce  photographic  telescope, 
which  was  transported  to  Arequipa  little  more 
than  a  year  ago,  and  has  since  been  kept  in 
constant  use  by  Prof.  Bailey.  The  stellar 
region  depicted  on  the  plate  extends  from 
R.A.  17h  40ra  to  18h  10m  and  N.P.D.  110°-8  to 
116° -5.  The  trifid  nebula  N.G.C.  6514  and 
the  larger  nebula  N.G.C.  6523  are  included  in 
the  engraving,  which  represents  about  a  tenth 
part  of  the  above  region. 

PROF.    H.    DRUMMOND. 

Prof.  H.  Drummond,  who  died  last  week, 
had  for  several  years  past  been  a  favourite  with 
the  religious  public.  He  was  born  at  Stirling  in 
1851,  where  his  father  was  an  active  publisher 
of  tracts,  and  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Edinburgh, andhealso  studied  divinityat  theNew 
College  of  the  Free  Church.  Becoming  Science 
Lecturer  at  the  Free  Church  Seminary  in  Glas- 
gow, he  in  1879  accompanied  Sir  A.  Geikie  in 
a  geological  tour  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  three  years  later  he  was  dispatched  by 
a  speculative  Scotsman  on  an  expedition  to 
Nyassaland.  Just  before  starting  on  the  latter 
journey  he  published  '  Natural  Law  in  the  Spiri- 
tual World,'  which  enjoyed  a  large  sale  among 
that  portion  of  the  public  which  was  alarmed  by 
the  spread  of  the  Darwinian  theories,  as  they 
thought  they  conflicted  with  Revelation.  In  1888 
he  published  'Tropical  Africa,' a  well- written 
account  of  his  brief  experiences  in  that  country. 
During  the  spring  of  1890  he  lectured  in  Aus- 
tralia, in  1893  he  delivered  the  Lowell  Institute 
lectures  in  Boston,  and  in  1894  he  gave  a 
number  of  addresses  in  American  universities. 
In  the  last-named  year  he  published  his  Lowell 
Lectures  under  the  title  of  '  The  Ascent  of 
Man,'  but  the  book  did  not  achieve  the  same 
popularity  as  his  earlier  work,  and  was,  in- 
deed, suspected  of  heresy  by  the  divines  of  the 
Free  Kirk.  His  books  do  not  exhibit,  it 
must  be  confessed,  any  great  grasp  of  scien- 
tific principles,  and  his  dialectic  ability  was 
small  ;  but  he  wrote  pleasantly  and  easily,  and 
his  genuine  religious  fervour  captivated  a  public 
that  was  neither  critical  nor  competent.  Per- 
sonally he  was  an  amiable  and  modest  man 
whose  head  was  not  turned  by  his  popularity. 


SOCIETIES. 


Royal. — March  11. — The  President  in  the  chair. 
— The  following  papers  were  read  :  '  The  Compara- 
tive Physiology  of  the  Suprarenal  Capsules,'  by  Mr. 
S.  Vincent, — *  The  Origin  and  Destination  of  certain 
Afferent  and  Efferent  Tracts  in  the  Medulla  Ob- 
longata,' by  Dr.  J.  S.  R.  Russell, — 'On  the  Orienta- 
tion of  certain  Greek  Temples  and  the  Dates  of 
their  Foundation  derived  from  Astronomical  Con- 
siderations,' by  Mr.  F.  C.  Penrose,—'  Some  Experi- 
ments with  Cathode  Rays,'  by  Mr.  A.  A.  C.  Swiuton, 
—and  'A  Study  of  the  Phenomena  and  Causation  of 
Heat-Contraction  of  Skeletal  Muscle,'  by  Dr.  T.  G. 
Brodie  and  Mr.  S.  W.  F.  Richardson. 


Society  of  Antiquaries.— March  11.— Dr.  E. 
Freshfield,  Treasurer,  in  the  chair.  —  Dr.  Windle 
exhibited  a  collection  of  stone  implements  of  the 
Neolithic  period,  found  iu  the  parish  of  Tardebigge, 
Worcestershire. — Mr.  A.  Bulleid  read  a  paper,  illus- 
trated by  lantern  slides,  'On  Further  Discoveries  at 
the  Late-Celtic  Lake-Village  at  Glastonbury.'  This 
lake-village,  which  has  been  undergoing  systematic 
exploration  during  the  summer  months  since  1892, 
was  constructed  within  the  boundaries  of  a  shallow 
and  swampy  mere.  The  site  occupies  some  three 
and  a  half  acres,  and  consists  of  seventy  dwellings, 
two-thirds  of  which  have  been  examined.  The 
village  was  probably  an  artificial  extension  of  a 
small  area  of  swamp,  and  the  foundation  may  be 
roughly  described  as  composed  of  mounds  of  clay 
supported  by  a  substructure  of  timber  resting  on 
the  surface  of  the  peat,  and  enclosed  by  a  pali- 
sading. The  palisading  has  been  traced  entirely 
round  the  site,  and  in  some  places  the  piles  are 
arranged  in  a  line  four  abreast,  with  as  many  as 
seventy  in  the  space  of  ten  feet.  No  trackway  has 
been  discovered  at  any  part  of  the  village  circum- 
ference, and  the  causeway  at  the  easl  side  evidently 
led  to  a  landing-stage,  Instead  of  the  shore  as  is 
usually  the  oast  Last  season  portions  of  a  rect- 
angular dwelling  were  uncovered  ;  hitherto  round 
huts  only  had   been   found.      For  various  reasons, 


but  chiefly  on  account  of  the  unstable  nature  of  the 
peat  underlying  the  foundation,  it  was  necessary 
from  time  to  time  to  raise  the  floors  by  the  addition 
of  fresh  layers  of  clay  and  timber.  Some  of  the 
mounds  opened  have  contained  four,  five,  and  six 
superimposed  floors  and  hearths,  and  one  mound 
last  season  consisted  of  nine  layers.  From  the 
floors,  as  well  as  from  the  peat  and  debris  out- 
side the  stockaded  margin,  numerous  relics  have 
been  collected,  the  number  under  the  various  head- 
ings being  as  follows  :  amber,  3  ;  worked  bone,  300  ; 
worked  horn,  240  ;  bronze,  130  ;  iron,  70  ;  lead,  28  ; 
glass,  15 ;  crucibles,  20 ;  Kimmeridge  shale,  15 ; 
querns,  26 ;  spindle  whorls,  128 ;  human  bones, 
chiefly  skulls,  20.  Wheel-  and  hand-made  pottery  is 
very  abundant  and  often  highly  ornamented.  Among 
the  objects  of  wood,  which  form  an  important  group, 
are  a  boat,  a  ladder,  several  wheel  spokes,  and  pieces 
of  the  framework  of  two  looms  ;  fragments  of  a 
number  of  stave-made  and  solid-cut  tubs,  buckets, 
and  cups  varying  from  6  in.  to  2  ft.  6  in.  high  ; 
portions  of  two  baskets  and  a  basin-shaped  bowl  ; 
awl,  spade,  saw,  reaping  and  bill-hook  handles,  and 
several  ladles.  The  quantity  of  clay  and  stone  used 
in  the  foundation  is  enormous,  and  both  were 
brought  from  a  distance.  One  of  the  most  interest- 
ing features  of  the  Glastonbury  find  is  the  uniform 
character  of  the  relics,  but  how  long  the  village  was 
inhabited  it  is  difficult  to  suggest  even  approxi- 
mately ;  from  the  successive  layers  of  clay  in  the 
dwelling  mounds  and  from  the  accumulation  of  four 
or  five  feet  of  peat  around  the  site,  we  may  conclude 
the  occupation  extended  over  a  considerable  period. 
It  appears  to  have  terminated  before  the  Roman 
power  and  influence  had  made  itself  felt  so  far  west 
as  the  Somersetshire  of  to-day. 

Entomological.  —  March  3.  —  Mr.  R.  Trimen, 
President,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  G.  W.  Bird,  Mr.  A.  H. 
Martineau,  Mr.  Hubert  C.  Phillips,  Mr.  W.  A.  Vice, 
and  Mr.  Colbran  J.  Wainwright  were  elected  Fellows. 
— Mr.  Champion  exhibited,  on  behalf  of  Messrs. 
Godman  and  Salvin,  a  portion  of  the  Elaterida3  and 
the  Cebrionidaj  and  Rhipidoceridas  recently  worked 
out  by  him  in  the  'Biologia  Centrali-Americana.' 
The  Elateridas  included  531,  the  Cebrionida)  29,  and 
the  Rhipidoceridaj  14  species,  a  large  proportion  of 
which  were  described  as  new.  He  called  attention 
to  the  excessive  rarity  of  the  males  in  the  elaterid 
genera  Chalcolepidius  and  Semiotus  (the  contrary 
being  the  case  in  the  genus  Scaptolenus  of  the 
Cebrionida;,  and  also  in  many  Elateridas).  One 
species,  Meristhus  scobinula,  Cand.,  was  common 
to  Central  America  and  China.— Mr.  Jacoby  showed 
a  halticid  beetle,  taken  in  Mashonaland  by  Mr. 
G.  A.  K.  Marshall,  and  remarkable  for  a  prolonga- 
tion of  the  hind  tibia  beyond  the  tarsal  articulation 
into  a  very  long  serrated  process.— Mr.  Elwes 
showed  a  series  of  Papilionida;  of  the  Machaon 
group  from  North  America,  including  P.  machaon 
and  P.  oregonia  from  British  Columbia,  P.  brucei, 
P.  bairdii,  and  P.zolicaon  from  Glenwood  Springs, 
Colorado,  and  the  last-named  species  from  British 
Columbia.  He  stated  that  there  was  a  tolerably 
complete  gradation  from  P.  orcgnnia  (=machaon) 
through  P.  brucei  to  P.  zolicaon,  that  none  of  the 
characters  which  had  been  relied  on  for  separation 
was  of  real  value,  and  that  the  structure  of  the 
genitalia  afforded  no  assistance.— Mr.  O.  H.  Latter 
read  a  paper  '  On  the  Prothoracic  Gland  of  Dicra- 
nura  v inula,  and  other  Notes,'  in  continuation  of 
his  previous  communicatious  on  the  subject.  A 
fresh  use  of  the  formic  acid  secreted  by  the  larva 
was  described ;  it  was  employed  to  alter  the  silk 
secreted  in  spinning  the  cocoon,  in  order  to  convert 
it  into  the  well-known  horny  mass.  If  the  acid 
was  prevented  from  acting,  as  by  supplying  the 
larvnG  with  bits  of  blotting  paper  soaked  in  an  alkali 
to  be  utilized  in  making  the  cocoon,  the  silk  thus 
protected  from  the  action  of  the  acid  retained  its 
usual  fibrous  structure. — Sir  George  Hampson  com- 
municated a  paper  '  On  the  Classification  of  Two 
Subfamilies  of  Moths  of  the  Family  Pyralidre—  the 
Hydrocampin;e  aud  Scopariana:.' 

Philological.  —  March  5.  —  Mr.  B.  Dawson 
Treasurer,  in  the  chair.— Mr.  I.  Gollancz  read  a 
paper  'On  an  Alliterative  Poem  of  the  Middle  of 
the  Fourteenth  Century,'  which  he  is  editing  as  Sir 
J.  Evans's  gift-book  to  the  Roxburghe  Club  this 
year,  viz.,  'The  Parliament  of  the  Three  Ages,' 
with  a  second  poem,  printed  in  an  appendix, 
1  Winner  and  Waster.'  They  are  in  one  of  the 
Thornton  MSS..  Addit.  81,042,  Hrit.  Mus.;  a  few 
mistakes  of  the  former  are  corrected  by  a 
later  incomplete  aud  generally  inferior  MS., 
Addit.  33,991,  whiob,  for  Instance,  rightly  alters 
seemingly  proper  names  like  Demedon  and  Abbyot 
into  demeaen,  judged,  and  a  bhjot,  a  mantle. 
Hoth  poems  are' visions,  in  the  *  Parliament '  the 
author  goes  deerstalking— which  he  describes  in 
detail,  SO  as  to  teaoh  his  squire  hearers  the  sport- 
as  the  writer  of  '  Qawain  and  the  Creen  Knight' 
goes  fox-hunting.     He.   then  sleeps,  and  sees  throe 


'I1  II  E     A  T  II  KXyEUM 


N  3621,  M'i:<  i!  20,  ":<7 


men  on  horseback,  Old-Age,  kIid>Age,and  Sfouth, 

who  iii-Kui'  on  the  advantages  of  their  thi 

Youth  prai  et  romances  and  girls  ;  Mid-Age  the  pos- 

[on  "i  land  and  money  j  Old-Age  tin-  < !<■>  ■ 
the  past, bringing  io  the  Nun-  Worthies oolleotiTely 
—  tin       i         ■inn.  three    pagan,  three  Jewish— for 
the  lir.-t    time    in  our  literature.    (In   the   earlier 
'Cursor'  the)   were  scattered  about     in  French, 
Longyon's   'Alexandre'    is   the    firs!    to    mention 
them,     earlv     In     the     fourteenth     oentury,    in 
i>;irt  iii ,  on   the  "Vows  <m  the   Peacock."}     The 
nrxt    English    version    of    the    French    is    to    be 
found    in     the    Scotch    '  Alexander  '    in    the   fif- 
teenth century.    '  Winner  and  Waster' is  a  poetical 
political  pamphlet  <>n  the  Btate  of  affaire  just  after 
the  first  jubilee  i>t'  Edward  111.    The  writer  lias  a 
vision  df  a  plain  and  warriors  ready  for  battle.    On 
:\  cliff  near  is  a  heap  of  Garters,  with  the  earliest 
known  englishing  of    J/mii  toil  qui  mal   y  prime, 
"Hething  [scorn]  have  the  hathell  [man]  that  any 
harme  tnynkes."     The  four  orders  of  friars  bear 
banners  :  l>ut  the  author  has  confused  the  orders, 
for  be  makes  the  Austins"  loveu  our  Lady  to  serve," 
which  was  the  special   attribute  of  the   Carmelites, 
and  he  makes  the  Austins  wear  white  robes  instead 
of  black.     King  Edward  111.  orders  a  young  knight 
{the   Black    Prince,  after    Cressy,  134(i)  to  tell  the 
folk  they  must  not  fight.   They  agree.    The  problem 
whether  men  should  save  or  spend   is  then  argued 
before  the  king.    Allusion  is  made  to  the  drought 
of   1349,  and   the  discussion  is  full   of  interest.     In 
one  line  is  the  phrase  "  if  sharsull  knew  it";  and 
though  this  looked  at  first  like  Fr.  cscarcele,  money- 
bag, niggard,  it  turned  out  to  be  Wm.  de  Sharshull 
(Shares  Hill,   near  Stafford),  a   high  Court  official 
and  head  of  the   King's  Bench,  who  at  last  joined 
the   Franciscans,   whom   the   author  urged   him  to 
destroy.     Mr.  Gollaucz  tben  showed  that  the  two 
puems  were  by  the  same  writer,  from  their  both 
using    the    participial    -ande    as    a    noun -ending, 
havandc,  possessions,  makande ;    from  their   lines 
in  common  ;  and  from  their  curious  mistakes  :  the 
'  Three  Ages,'  wben  on  Alexauder,  speaks  of  '•  gentle 
Jason,  the  Jew  who  won  the  fleece  of  gold,"  con- 
fusing   Jason  with    the    priest   Joshua,   who    met 
Alexander  in  Jerusalem. 


ITnf    A    1>    Waller 

M.-I,'l      (..!&    I 


\\  . 


I    Lecture   on  *  llac- 


lloyal  Institution 
i  i,  ii    KDftni 

J:hi 

lerli  Woodhsad 

—  Society  o7  Am  h     'The 'I  on  of  Power  bjr  Alternating 

Bleotrlc  Currents,    Mr   W    u    i 
_        i  linn,  a-hleh 

■    i  ir  Qaarthe  Baluchistan  tfghan  Frontier  between  Chaman 
urul    (      A     M-  Main. n   aii'l    I  uj.l    A    II 
McMabon       "The     ti -•■■    itlon       '     '    Dseopterli    and    BlgU- 
larla  In  Booth  Africa    Mr  a  C  Seward;    The  O 

Uarla    Qlossoptorla,    and    other    Pleat  Bemalna   in   Bet 
Trutaelo  Rocks  of  South  Africa    Mr  n   Draper 
i  Royal  Instlti  itlon  of  Oeology  to  Hietofj    the 

[ncomloe;  of  Miin,  Prof   vv    Boyd  Oawklni 

—  ltoval.  1J 

—  Electrloal   Br  Continued    M«<  nt.ion  on  '  lo-pairs  to 

gonth  American  Compao] '»  Cable  ofl  I  ape  >  Bros,  lx'J3  and 
Mr   II    Benett 

—  Bodet]  i>r  Aii™  B  ration  and  Manufacture  o(  ltht-a 

Fibre,'  Mr    1     llarruch.n 

—  Cliiniuul,  19  —The  Pasteur  Memorial  Lecture  l'rof  P  F.  Frank- 

land 

—  AnUqnarlea,  hj  —'The  Fleirrei  of  saints  on  Ocvontlilrc  Itood- 
screene.' Part  II  ,  Mr  C   B  Keyset 


Fill. 


Clytl   Engineers.  8.— "The  Bnalgnalllnr  of  the  Liverpool  street 
Eastern  Halfway,'  Mr  W  J  cm-' 
(students'  Meeting  > 


Terminus  of  i  bi 


iitiilm. 


Koyal  Institution,  B.— '  Early  Man  in  Scotland.'  Sir  W   Turner 

Boyal   Institution,  8.—' Electricity  and  Electrloal  Vibrations,' 
Lord  llaylelgb. 


FINE    ARTS 


Institution  of  Civil  Engineers.— March  16.— 
Mr.  J.  W.  Barry,  President,  in  the  chair.— The  paper 
read  was  'On  the  Mond  Gas-Producer  Plant  and  its 
Application,'  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Humphrey. 


Society  of  Arts.— March  1.").— The  Hon.  Sir  C. 
Freemantle  in  the  chair. — The  first  lecture  of  a 
course  of  Cantor  Lectures  'On  Alloys'  was  de- 
livered by  Prof.  W.  C.  Roberts-Austen. 

March  16 — Sir  F.Young  iu  the  chair.— A  paper 
'  On  the  Progress  of  the  British  Colonies  of  Australasia 
during  the  Sixty  Years  of  Her  Majesty's  Reign  ' 
was  read  before  the  Foreign  and  Colonial  Section 
by  Mr.  J.  Bonwick. 

March  17. — Sir  YV.  C.  F.  Robinson  in  the  chair. — 
A  paper  '  On  Music  in  England  at  the  Queen's 
Accession  '  was  read  by  Mr.  J.  Spencer  Curwen,  and 
was  followed  by  a  discussion. 


Mathematical—  March  11.— Prof.  Elliott,  Pre- 
sident, in  the  chair. — The  following  were  elected 
members  :  Messrs.  P.  J.  Kirkby,  F.  W.  Lawrence, 
and  A.  Young.— The  President  referred  to  a  letter 
received  from  the  President  of  the  Royal  Societv 
with  reference  to  the  Victoria  Research  Fund, 
which  it  is  proposed  to  institute  in  commemoratiou 
of  Her  Majesty's  long  reign,  and  commended  the 
fund  to  the  generous  consideration  of  the  members. 
He  then  spoke  briefly  ou  the  loss  the  mathematical 
world  had  sustained  by  the  recent  death  of  Prof. 
Weierstrass.—  Mr.  Jenkins,  V.P.,  having  taken  the 
chair,  the  President  communicated  a  paper  by  Mr. 
J.  E.  Campbell  '  On  a  Law  of  Combination  of 
Operators  bearing  on  the  Theory  of  Continuous 
Transformation  (j roups.'— The  President,  from  the 
chair,  next  read  some  notes  ou  Symmetric  Functions, 
by  Mr.  W.  EL  Metzler. — The  senior  Secretary  com- 
municated a  note  '  Ou  a  System  of  Circles  asso- 
ciated with  a  Triangle,'  by  Prof.  Steggall. — Lieut.- 
Col.  Cunningham  mentioned  three  high  primes 
recently  determined  by  him,  and  gave  a  sketch  of 
the  methods  used. 


Physical.— March  12.— Mr.  8.  Bidwell,  President, 
in  the  chair. — Mr.  \V.  Barlow  read  a  paper  'On  a 
Mechanical  Cause  of  Homogeneity  of  Structure  and 
Symmetry,  Geometrically  Investigated,  with  Special 
Application  to  Crystals  and  to  Chemical  Combina- 
tion,' illustrated  by  models. 


MEF.Tl.NOS   FOll  THE   ENSUING   WEEK. 
Aristotelian.  B  —  Symposium  .  '  Has  Bthlcal  Science  a  Practical 

or  a  Purely  speculative  aim?'  Mrs.  liryant,  Mr.  J.  H   Muir- 

head,  and  Mr.  II    stmt 
Society  of  Aits  s  -Allovs,' Lecture  II  ,  Prof.  W.  C  Koberts- 

Austen     (Cantor  Lecture  ; 
Surveyors'  Institution  8  -'  Fruit  Growing  as  an  Auxiliary  to 

Agriculture.'  Mr  c   H   Hooper. 
Geographical,  81  -'The  North  Polar  Problem,' the  President 


THE  INSTITUTE    OF    FAINTER*    IN  WATER  COLOURS. 

It  is  matter  for  congratulation  that,  after 
several  partial  experiments  in  that  direction, 
the  Institute  has  taken  the  advice  of  its  friends 
— ourselves  among  the  number — and  reduced  its 
exhibits  from  between  seven  and  eight  hundred 
to  fewer  than  five  hundred,  and  filled  only  two 
instead  of  three  of  its  admirable  galleries  with 
works  of  which  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
their  merits  are  proportionately  enhanced  by  the 
reduction  of  their  numbers.  It  is  true  that 
the  third  room  contains  two  hundred  prizes  of 
the  Institute's  Art  Union — drawings,  etchings, 
and  photogravures  ;  but,  as  they  hardly  call  for 
much  attention,  what  we  have  to  say  about  the 
best  of  them  may  be  confined  to  a  few  words. 
Many  of  them,  too,  are  not  novelties.  The  idea 
of  establishing  an  art  union  of  the  kind  is  not 
entirely  admirable,  even  if  it  is  never  made  a 
means  of  getting  rid  of  productions,  otherwise 
unsaleable,  of  members. 

The  improvement  is  so  manifest  that,  although 
there  are  many  trivial  works,  very  few  of  them  are 
thoroughly  bad,  and  there  is  but  a  small  number 
of  sketches  such  as  heretofore  formed  the  staple 
of  the    exhibition.     This    implies,     of    course, 
more  studies,  greater  carefulness,  and  increased 
self-respect  among  the  majority  of    the    con- 
tributors, who   hitherto   were    not  remarkable 
for  the  amount  of  labour  and  knowledge  they 
expended  on  potboilers.     Apart  from  this,  we 
regret  to  notice  how  much  the  exhibition  suffers 
from  the  decease  of  one  or  two  of  its  ablest  sup- 
porters, such  as  the  elder  Mr.  Hine,  and  also, 
we  must  add,  from  the  absence  of  several  others. 
The  first  work  the  visitor  encounters  in  the 
Central    Gallery,    Mr.    H.    Foskey's    Harmony 
in    White  (No.   1),    is  a   seated    figure    study, 
which     justifies     its     title     more     than     most 
harmonies    are    apt  to    do,    and,    despite    the 
badness  of  its  proportions,   exhibits   that    rare 
quality  in  water-colour  art,  a  real  feeling  for 
style.     We  have  hardly  heard  the  artist's  name 
before. — Style  is  not  Mr.  Dadd's  strong  point, 
but   he  is  a  neat  draughtsman  ;    and  his   firm 
touch  and  his  adroitness  in  depicting  common- 
place   emotions  and   incidents  in  an  attractive 
manner    make    of    Who's    There?   (2)   an    ex- 
cellent   work    in    its    way.       The    candlelight 
effect,  however,  is  simply  incredible,  and  still 
more   so   is  the  local  colouring.     The  Squire's 
Portrait    (146)    tells     its     tale    cleverly,     but 
fails  to  provo  that  that  tale  was  worth  telling. 
Technically  speaking,  it  is,  despite  the  dexterous 
painting  and  the  appropriate  accessories,  not  up 
to  Mr.    Dadd's  mark.     Still,   it  is  a    good   ex- 
ample of    illustrated   newspaper  art,    which  is 
so  frequent  hero  as  almost  to  give  a  character  to 
the    exhibition. — Mr.   W.    B.    Wollen,    another 
eminent  professor  of  illustrated  newspaper  art, 
never  invested  the  "  art  military,"  as  Thackeray 
called   it,  with  more  spirit,  character,  motion, 
and  variety  than  in 
The  drums  begin  to  roll,  my  boys,  the  drums  begin  to  roll 


(:;hj.  at  and  its  band  marching  throu 

a  village  ;  it  ih  a  little  spotty  and  hard,  as  his 
work  is  apt  to  be,  but  it  is  less  chalky  and  dry 
than  oaoaL 

In    Mr.    L.     Block's    group     of    old     books, 
which     he     ctIIs     Tht     Everlasting 
Right    Reason    (4),    albeit    these    motives    are 
of   the    humblest,    there    is    more    solidity   and 
the  motives  are  fresher.      Mr.  Block   has  for  the 
first  time  condescended   to  arrange  his  "  still 
life"    with    some    regard    to    chiaroscuro,    sim- 
plicity,    and     breadth     of     effect;     when    d 
this  another  time  be  might  study  the  beautiful 
flower  groups  of  M.  Fantin-Latour,  not  one  of 
which  is,  we  regret  to  find,  on  these  walls.     Mr. 
Block  draws  thoroughly,  models  like  a  sculp 
and  paints  more  faithfully  and  elaborately  than 
he  used  to  do.     His  study  of  skulls  called  What 
Vast  Regions  liold   the  Immortal   Mind  (295)  is 
an  admirable  subject,  full  of  dignity,  purpose, 
and  some  pathos,  but  the  chiaroscuro  and  local 
colours  are  by  no  means  adequately  treated. 

If     any    one    can     charm     us    with    figures 
of     dainty    English     girls     it     is     Miss     Kate 
Greenaway,  whose   Girl   in   Hat  and    Feathers 
(31)    would     be    irresistible    if    she    had    not 
painted    the   same   sort   of   thing   many   times 
before.    Nobody    but    Miss    Greenaway    could 
continue    to    attract  the   public    for   so    many 
years,  yet  even  her  faithful  public  may  end  by 
getting  tired  of  her  quaintly  clad  girls  and  her 
groups  of  children.   Tvo  Little  Girls  in  a  Garden 
(214),    too,    is    ravishingly    pretty,     but  it    is 
"as  before." —  No.    3G,    Mr.    W.    E.    Evans's 
picture    of    a    pretty    child    Gathering    Black- 
berries,   is   a    little     too    smooth,    but    other- 
wise   nice     and     harmonious,    and    pleasingly 
finished  in  the  taste  of   Miss  Greenaway,  but 
without   her    "old-fashioned"    mannerisms.  — 
Very  pretty,   too,  are  the    figures    in    Miss  E. 
Lance's  Capitalists  (65)  of  the  children  standing 
at  a    stall    and    anxious    about    their    invest- 
ments.    The    draughtsmanship  is   spirited  and 
neater  than  we  usually  meet  with. — Mr.  C.  Green 
is  well  known  as  the  clever,  if  not  ambitious 
draughtsman  of  such  works  as   The  Miniature 
(103).      In  fact,  we  think   we   have   seen  this 
incident  depicted  before,  perhaps,  indeed,  more 
than  once,  and  we  should  like  the  picture  better 
if  the  background  were  not  so  thinly  painted  ; 
still   the    figure    is   decidedly  good. — There   is 
none   of   Mr.    Green's   timidity   about   Mr.   L. 
Davis's     sparkling     girl      looking     from     The 
Balcony  (106).      The    treatment   is  clever  and 
the  face  is  lifelike.— Mr.  II.  E.  James's  pretty 
idyl  of  a  rosy  child  feeding  chickens  at  a  cottage 
door,  called   In  the  Time  of  Roses  (10),  fairly 
justifies    its    title.     It   portrays    the    effect  of 
bright   sunlight,  and   thus  contrasts   with    its 
neighbour,  Mare  and  Foal  (11),  in  which  Mr. 
C.    Low     has     painted     rainy     daylight,    and 
painted  it  well  —Better  still  is  Mr.  J.  Pedder's 
(the  name  is  new  to  us)  Berkshire  Shepherd  (23), 
a  scene  on  the  downs,  in  which  sheep,  a  first- 
rate  dog,  a  hut  on  wheels,  and  twilight  effect 
are     cleverly    combined     to     make     a     picture 
that  is  more   artistic   than  many  round  about 
it. — The  best  doe  piece  in   the  gallery  is  Mr. 
V.  T.  Garland's  TheKennel  Cftant(30),agronp  of 
hounds  in  their  kennel. — Mr.  Green's  Searching 
the  Registers  (129)  depicts  the  interior  of  a  Gothic 
church.   It  is  a  good  study  of  light,  and  the  draw- 
ing is  nice. — Mr.  E.  Breun  contributes  a  mascu- 
line example  in  A  Brown  Study  (133),  which  is 
painted  with   breadth   and  firmness,  and  has  a 
lifelike  air  ;  the  execution  is  soft  and  the  colour 
is  good.— Mr.  W.  Simpson's  The  Well  at  Oaun- 
pore  (132)  is  a  bright  landscape,  but  rather  flat 
and  thin,  and  more  meritorious  as  topography 
than  as  a  painting.     It  represents  the  well  as 
it  appeared  in  November,  1860,  long  after  the 
bodies  of  the  English  women  and  children  were 
thrown    into    it.  —  In    Lifeboat    Service    (143), 
a  seascape  with   figures,  Mr.  J.   Nash  evinces 
energy,  and  his  design  is  good  ;  the  incidents,  too, 
are  appropriate,  and  the  painting  of  the  billows 
is  creditable.     Indeed,  we  do  not  remember  to 


N°3621,  Makch20,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


385 


have  seen  so  praiseworthy  a  work  as  this  by 
Mr.  Nash,  at  least  not  of  recent  years.  It  is 
hoped  he  inay  paint  more  of  the  same  kind. 
—One  of  the  most  solid  and  powerful  pictures 
here  is  Sir  James  Linton's  Wallflowers  (158),  a 
lady  dressed  in  a  stone-white  satin  gown, 
which  is  excellent.  The  drawing  of  her  face 
and  draperies  and  the  harmony  of  the  whole 
work  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  in  the  way 
of  technical  accomplishments  ;  the  shadows,  too, 
are  less  black  than  usual  in  the  President's 
paintings,  but  there  is  not  much  animation 
about  the  design  nor  in  the  attitude  of  the  figure 
and  the  lady's  expression.  More  ambitious 
as  well  as  more  difficult,  No.  165,  Shylock  and 
Jessica,  also  by  Sir  James,  comprises  a  first-rate 
figure  of  an  ardent,  voluptuous,  and  beautiful 
Jewess,  more  developed,  by  the  way,  than  the 
figures  one  usually  sees  at  the  Institute,  and 
as  a  whole  this  is  one  of  the  artist's  best  works ; 
the  only  failure  is  the  face  of  Shylock,  and  the 
want  of  life  in  the  design  is  regrettable.  Sir 
James's  third  contribution  is  much  larger,  and 
it  illustrates  his  unusual  power  to  paint  the 
human  figure  at  or  about  life  size,  with  full 
tones,  deep  and  strong  colours,  and  in  daylight. 
This  work  is  called  Rosalind  (345),  and  depicts 
her  standing  near  the  entrance  of  a  wood  and 
holding  a  hunting  spear.  For  the  Rosalind 
of  our  fancy  the  fine  and  finely  painted  figure 
is  rather  too  broad  in  the  shoulders,  therefore 
it  looks  too  short,  while  the  arms  seem  too 
heavy  ;  but  the  design  is  the  more  commend- 
able and  refined  because,  if  the  beauty  and 
espieglerie  of  her  face  did  not  betray  her,  nothing 
■else  would  reveal  her  sex.  It  seems  to  have  no 
tale  to  tell,  certainly  it  represents  no  incident. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  is  plenty  of  in- 
cident and  no  lack  of  character  and  move- 
ment in  Mr.  J.  C.  Dollman's  Dogma  (175), 
a  scene  representing  four  specimens  of  the 
Georgian  epoch,  three  clerics  of  different  creeds 
and  ajovial  and  portlysquire,  sitting  at  tableafter 
dinner,  while  two  of  the  ecclesiastics  are  involved 
in  a  doctrinal  dispute.  This  picture  seems  to 
us  the  most  spontaneous,  homogeneous,  and 
complete,  as  well  as  the  most  appropriate  and 
fresh,  of  Mr.  Dollman's  productions  known  to 
us ;  some  parts  of  it  are  a  little  thin,  but  not 
excessively  so.  We  should  like  it  better  if  its 
colours  were  richer  and  its  coloration  stronger 
as  well  as  in  a  higher  key.— Mr.  Mottram's 
large  illustration  of  Hood's  '  Song  of  the  Shirt ' 
(320),  though  in  a  pictorial  sense  creditable  to 
him,  is  by  no  means  such  a  work  as  any  one 
would  buy  to  live  with.  Apart  from  its  painful- 
ness,  we  are  bound  to  admire  the  good  and 
broad  execution  of  the  whole— the  largeness  of 
style  and  the  suitability  and  pathos  of  the  ex- 
pression, which  is  as  sad  and  sorrowful  as  that 
of  a  half  starved  woman  sitting  in  the  cold  can 
well  be.— Mr.  G.  G.  Kilburne's  The  Lady  June 
(353)  is  much  better  than  his  contribution  to 
the  last  gathering  of  the  Institute.  The  face 
of  the  life-size  figure  is  well  drawn  and  the 
expression  agreeable.  The  painting,  as  such,  is 
remarkable,  especially  that  of  the  lady's  large 
hat.  We  care  much  less  for  the  same  artist's 
AnntAe(227),  although  the  head  and  face  deserve 
praises.— "La  Vida  es  Sueno  "  (368),  large  figures 
of  a  dashing  Spanish  woman  and  her  lover,  a 
guitarist,  placed  in  adjoining  chairs,  has  afforded 
Mr.  A.  Burrington  an  unusually  good  oppor- 
tunity for  painting  with  a  good  deal  of  pleasant 
chic,  employing  his  skill  in  dealing  with  draperies 
in  a  profitable  way,  and  imparting  to  the 
woman's  face  and  demeanour  abundance  of 
animation  and  character.  It  is  a  powerful 
work  ;  indeed,  as  a  drawing  in  water  colours, 
it  shows  much  more  elan  and  freedom  of  style 
than  we  are  accustomed  to  look  for  in  this 
gallery,  or,  for  that  matter,  in  Pall  Mall  or  at 
tlic  Academy.  Mr.  Burlington's  style  and 
methods  of  painting,  fascinating  as  they  are  at 
present,  are  not  unlikely  to  betray  him,  if  he 
does  not  take  care,  into  offensive  mannerisms. 
S*-lf-control  will  save  him,  but  nothing  elso  is 


on  his  side,  consequently  his  position  is  a  risky 

one. The  powerful,  but  melodramatic  drawing 

in  which  Mr.  C.  E.  Johnson  takes  a  new  de- 
parture, The  Valley  of  Gloom  (400),  is  a  good 
composition,  and  the  scene  is  expressive  enough 
of  itself  to  justify  the  introduction  of  the  knight 
in  armour  riding  away  into  the  shadowy  vale. 
This  is  the  last  of  the  pictures  with  figures  to  which 
it  is  necessary  to  draw  any  special  attention. — 
A  few  other  works  of  the  same  class  need  only 
be  named  :  Mr.  L.  Davis's  A  Welcome  Arrival 
(12)  and  The  Last  Basket  (25) ;  Mr.  F.  W.  W. 
Topham's  Sjyring  Dreaming  (28) ;  Mr.  G.  Haiti's 
In  the  Street  (68)  ;  Mr.  C.  Green's  Sancho  Panza 
(82) ;  Mr.  E.  Bundy's  The  Preacher  (86)  ;  Miss 
M.  Perrin's  La  Festa  (124);  Prof.  H.  van 
Bartels's  Dutch  Interior  (119),  a  woman  beside  a 
stove  ;  The  Skipper's  Wife  (298),  by  Mr.  W.  H. 
Weatherhead,  and  his  Home.  Beacon  (361)  ;  and 
A  Lesson  in  Tambour  Work  (348),  by  Mr.  H.  R. 
Steer. 

Among  the  landscapes  that  seem  to  deserve 
praise  are  The  Canon  Gate,  Chichester  (34),  by 
Mr.  A.  Evershed,  which  is  solid  and  full  of 
light,  and  his  Salt  Mill,  Fishbonme  (49),  which  is 
equally  good,  and  is  notable  for  an  excellently 
painted  atmosphere.— Mr.  A.  Kinsley's  Breezy 
Afternoon  off  Flamborough  Head  (46),  a 
vigorous  and  skilful  study  of  a  rough  sea  in  a 
cold  wind,  but  in  the  fore  water  rather  defi- 
cient in  solidity,  and  A  Bit  of  the  Hampshire 
Coast  (87),  should  not  be  overlooked.  —  Mr. 
H.  Pilleau's  Gale  at  Biarritz  (47),  a  capital, 
well  -  understood  sketch  of  the  sea  breaking 
furiously  on  the  rocky  coast,  and  some  other 
drawings  of  his  are  clever  in  their  way— a  good 
way,  so  far  as  it  goes. — Nor  should  we  omit 
to  mention  Mr.  E.  Bale's  On  the  Italian 
Riviera  (51),  as  it  is  true  to  the  local  colour 
and  light,  firmly  drawn,  and  effective,  although 
deficient  in  force  and  strength  ;  Mr.  J.  T. 
Watts's  well-drawn  and  carefully  graded  study 
of  cloudy  winter  sunlight,  A  January  Afternoon 
(56) ;  nor  Mr.  A.  Parsons's  Warley  Place  (67),  a 
house  built  by  the  Adams,  and  seen  in  spring 
weather,  a  clean  picture,  bright  and  brilliant, 
though  rather  harder  than  it  need  be. — We 
like,  too,  Mr.  Parsons's  In  a  Somersetshire 
Valley  (286)  ;  Miss  B.  J.  Spiers's  King's  Lynn, 
Norfolk  (66),  for  it  is  crisp  and  neatly 
drawn,  although  it  lacks  toning,  and  would 
be  the  better  for  more  force  and  more  colour  ; 
and  the  Thistles  (70)  of  Miss  A.  Gray,  which  is 
all  that  could  be  wished.— Were  the  columns 
of  the  foreground  stronger  and  the  colour  a 
little  more  powerful,  Mr.  H.  E.  Tidmarsh's 
interior  view  of  All  Hallows,  Barking  (100), 
would  be  as  stereoscopic  as  it  is  careful,  firm, 
and  otherwise  solid.— In  November  (113)  Mr. 
L.  Fosbrooke  has  produced  a  picture  of  a  pool 
and  a  wood,  which  is  deftly  drawn  and  homo- 
geneous in  all  its  qualities.  The  coloration 
and  tonality  suit  the  mournful  nature  of  the 
scene.  —  The  Fo'd  (148),  by  Mr.  Winter 
Shaw,  is  a  capital  study  of  cloudy  moonlight 
on  a  meadow  and  of  sheep  grazing  there.— 
Miss  M.  Brown's  Silvery  Moonlight  (255)  could 
hardly  be  improved.— Rainy  daylight  is  well 
illustrated  in  Mr.  M.  Ludby's  T)\e  Close  of  Day 
(154),  and  Mr.  J.  White  has  depicted  The  Vil- 
lage Street,  Brcmscombe  (157),  in  sunlight  excel- 
lently and  broadly. — Another  sunny  sketch  is 
Mr.  M.  B.  Huish's  Where  Tor  awl  Torridge  Meet 
(1<;<.)).— Neatly  drawn  and  also  sunny  are  Mr. 
F.  Walton's  Whitesand  Bay  (237)  and  Luml's 
End  (238)  ;  the  light  upon  the  sea  is  excellently 
treated  in  the  former,  and  the  latter  can  boast 
a  better  painted  sea  than  ordinary.  — Mrs.  E.  V. 
Grey's  From  Bamburgh  Sands  (l'.W)  and  Miss 
F.  0.  Brethren's  A  Fan  and  some  Knick-knacks 
(199),  each  of  them  a  modest  little  contribution, 
are  nevertheless  highly  praiseworthy.— Nothing 
could  be  better  in  style  and  taste,  or  more  suit- 
able to  the  subject,  than  Mr.  J.  Fulleylove's 
admirable  Fountain  Court,  Trinity  College,  Cam- 
bridge (217). 

The  Art  Union  prizes  wo  can  speak  favourably 


of  are,  among  others,  Oberstein(8),  by  S.  Prout, 
and  his  Seaford  (9)  ;  J.  Holland's  Mayence  (14) 
and  his  Street  Scene,  Normandy  (35)  ;  Turner's 
Italian  Landscape  (13)  ;  J.  Varley's  Lambeth 
Palace  (17)  and  his  Gateway  at  Norwich  (44)  ; 
P.  Dewint's  Corfe  Castle  (19)  and  his  Cliepstow 
Castle  (23)  ;  J.  S.  Cotman's  Malmesbury  Abbey 
(45)  and  his  son's  Leidschiedam  (108);  G.  Barret's 
Landscape,  Evening  (54)  ;  Mr.  Y.  King's  On 
the  Dart  (72)  ;  Mr.  G.  G.  Kilburne's  The  Nero 
Bonnet  (96)  ;  Sir  J.  Linton's  Portia  (114)  ;  and 
Mr.  G.  Wetherbee's  Pastoral  (150). 

THE    SERANGEUM   IN   THE    PIR.EUS. 

Several  authors  speak  of  a  place  in  the 
Pirteus  named  the  Serangeum.  It  is  especially 
mentioned  by  lexicographers  like  Harpocra- 
tion,  Suidas,  Photius,  and  in  the  'Lexicon 
Seguerianum.'  The  earliest  quotations  are  on 
the  authority  of  Harpocration,  Lysias,  Aristo- 
phanes, and  the  orator  Isreus.  The  last  named 
(irepl  rov  ^iAoktt^ovo?  kXv'jpov  33)  mentions  to 
iv  ^npayyiw  f3a\ave?ov,  the  bath  in  Serangeum, 
which  belonged  to  a  certain  Eactemon,  and  cites 
3,000  mhne  as  the  price  it  fetched  when  sold 
to  a  certain  Aristolochus.  Photius  speaks  of 
Serangus  as  founder  of  the  Serangeum,  who  was 
doubtless  the  eponymous  hero  of  the  place,  as 
Photius  also  mentions  a  heroum,  which  he  sup- 
poses at  any  rate  to  be  dedicated  to  him.  He 
gives  only  general  indications  of  the  position  of 
the  same  in  the  Piraeus.  The^whole  passage 
runs  :  lypdyyeiov,  v/opi'ov  ti  tou  Ileipoitus,  and 
shortly  after  :  'Znpdyyziov  T07ros  jov  Iletpatws, 
K-LO~8eh  {>7ro  Inpdyyov  «ai  rjpwov  ev  airy. 
The  '  Lexicon  Seguerianum  '  also  mentions  the 
same  eponymous  hero.  No  distinct  details  as 
to  the  position  of  this  Serangeum  with  the 
heroum  of  Serangus  were  given  by  the  autho- 
rities who  mention  it  ;  it  might  lie  at  any  point 
of  the  Acte  peninsula.  The  name  itself,  how- 
ever, clearly  indicated  some  sort  of  hollow  place, 
as  o-rjpayg  means  a  hole  in  a  rock,  and  this  may 
be  the  origin  of  the  term  Inpdyyuov,  and  the 
hero  Serangus  a  subsequent  explanation  of  the 
name,  indicating  a  rocky  piece  of  ground  split 
up  by  cavities.  Some  such  features  were  then 
naturally  expected  to  mark  the  Serangeum. 
So  Leake  looked  for  it  in  the  clefts  of  the  rocks 
of  Zea  or  on  the  neighbouring  coast  of  the 
Aphrodisium,  near  the  so  -  called  grave  of 
Themistocles.  Ulrichs  identified  it  with  the 
Arethusa  cave,  of  which  I  shall  speak  later, 
Bursian  with  the  whole  of  Acte  ;  and  the 
name  of  Serangeum  was  in  the  Curtius- 
Kaupert  'Atlas  of  Attica,'  part  i.  plate  ii  a, 
"The  Pirreus  Peninsula,"  given  to  all  the 
coast  between  the  old  harbour  Zea  and  that 
of  Munichia,  between  the  promontories  of 
Phreattys  and  the  modern  Kastella.  The  text 
to  these  maps,  part  i.  (Berlin,  1881),  p.  61, 
runs  :  — 

"  I  agree  with  Hirschfeld  in  thinking  it  probable 
that  the  name  Serangeum  (including  a  heroum  of 
Serangus  and  also  a  bath)  belongs  to  this  whole 
region  with  the  coast,  and  indicates  a  piece  of  rocky 
ground  split  up  by  cavities." 

This  was  all  till  recently  that  was  known 
of  the  Serangeum  and  the  hollow  ground 
about  Munichia.  Then  Jacob  Dragatsis,  a 
school  teacher  who  has  lately  won  himself  a 
name  by  his  archoeological  investigations  in  the 
topography  of  the  Piraeus,  examined  the  question 
more  closely.  As  far  back  as  October,  1895, 
he  referred  several  archaeological  friends  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Parnassus  Society  at  At  liens  to 
the  well-known  passage  of  Strabo  (ix.395)  quoted 
in  the  text  of  the  first  part  of  the  '  Atlas  of 
Attica,'  in  which  the  hill  Munichia  is  called 
K-otAos  koX  vnovopos  JroA.i/  /aepos  <pw«  re  xai 
Ittitv^  (Sot*  o/K.J.rt/s  dc\ort)a,.  This  passage 
he  explained  as  referring  to  the  cavities  on  the 
old  hill  of  Munichia,  which  are  apparently  of 
artificial  formation,  or  perhaps  natural,  but 
improved  by  human  agency,  and  needed  a  closer 
investigation.  Several  of  these  were  visible, 
and  on  closer  examination  proved   to  be  arti- 


r,st\ 


Til  E     A  T  II  KXyEUM 


N°3621,  Hash  ej  20,  '97 


.!  slmfis  ;  one  li.nl  even  received  popularly 
the    name    oi    aretli  I   i\o    (onrtyAnd   n/i 

'Apt ritvirwi).     One  of  ill  last  summer 

investigated  by  Dragetais,  end  the  reeulte  he 
oommunioated  t"  the  Parnassus  Society  led  to 
no  definite  oonolaaione  as  to  the  explanation  of 
the  ohamber,  which  showed  partly  ■  cistern 
like  appearanoe.  Then,  however,  the  Serangeum 
qo1  in  question.  Since  then  Dragateu  has 
diligently  followed  up  his  studies  on  the  cavities 
of  the  uunichia  hill,  and  he  conceived  the  idea 
of  undertaking  systematic  excavations  under  the 
authority  of  the  General  Ephor  of  Antiquities. 
His  plan  was  oarried  out,  and  these  excavations 
have  at  list  led  to  the  discovery  of  the 
Berangenm. 

The  excavations  were  made  on  the  east  coast 
of  tho  Munichia  hill,  on  the  sea  side.  There, 
near  the  modern  seabaths  of  Paraskeuas,  was 
found  a  subterranean  chamber,  which,  when 
cleared  out,  led  to  the  discovery  of  an  opening 
in  the  cliffs  in  several  directions.  Up  to  a 
certain  point  the  use  of  the  chamber  was 
dubious  ;  then  it  proved  to  be  a  balneum.  The 
first  big  room  in  the  form  of  a  cistern  revealed 
itself  to  be  a  bathing-place  ;  on  the  right  of  it 
came  to  light  a  cavity  worked  in  the  cliff, 
surrounded  by  a  row  of  niches  carved  out  of 
the  rock,  with  a  smaller  row  of  similar  cavities 
underneath.  The  upper  row  served  as  a  place 
to  put  away  clothing,  the  under  as  a  place  of 
deposit  for  the  vessels  used  in  the  bath.  The 
principal  entrance  on  the  sea  side  led  to  a  round 
building  on  one  side  and  the  middle  opening  on 
the  other.  This  has  several  partitions  ;  in  the 
depth  of  the  same  was  found  a  door,  which  led 
to  a  rock-hole  10  metres  away  from  the  street, 
12  metres  long,  and  over  2  metres  high. 
The  cavity  leads,  after  a  turning  to  the  south 
and  east,  to  the  sea,  where  there  is  an  outlet 
well  worked  in  the  rock. 

The  bathing  chamber  was  supplied  with  a 
mosaic  floor,  which  has  been  in  some  unknown 
way  mostly  demolished  or  removed.  A  portion 
of  it  which  has  been  preserved  represents  a 
female  going  to  the  left,  followed  by  two  dogs. 
In  front  of  this  mosaic  came  to  light  another 
more  important  one.  It  represents  a  team  of 
four  horses,  which  move  from  left  to  right  in  a 
direction  opposite  that  of  the  exit  to  the  sea. 
The  driver  of  the  quadriga  is  a  beardless  young 
man,  standing,  who  holds  the  reins  in  his  right 
hand.  The  horses  are  represented  in  full 
gallop ;  before  them  is  a  dolphin  swimming 
down  beneath.  Of  the  vehicle  itself,  besides 
the  driver  on  it,  only  a  single  wheel  has  been 
preserved.  The  driver  of  the  car,  however, 
according  to  Dragatsis,  is  the  eponymous  hero 
of  the  Serangeum,  Serangus  himself.  Both 
mosaics  are  of  white  stones  on  a  ground  of  dark 
ones.  In  the  heaps  of  earth  accumulated  were 
found  various  marble  tablets  with  snakes  repre- 
sented in  relief,  clearly  gifts  dedicated  to  Zeus 
Milichius.  This  is  not  the  first  time  that  snake 
reliefs  have  been  found  here.  Years  ago,  in  the 
neighbourhood  east  of  Zea,  near  the  buildings 
of  the  street,  a  row  of  square  and  round  votive 
tablets  of  marble  came  to  light,  which  were  all 
similarly  adorned  with  snakes  in  relief,  and 
seem  to  belong  to  the  neighbouring  votive 
niches.  These  snake  tablets  have  long  been 
rightly  connected  with  the  cultus  of  Zeus 
Milichius,  especially  a  Berlin  relief  of  the  sort 
inscribed  Ad  MaAix'V  ^eus  Milichius  is 
especially  a  god  of  propitiation,  and  it  has  been 
rightly  remarked  that  his  salutary  powers  have 
won  him  a  great  deal  of  reverence  in  the 
Pirams.  It  is  not  then  surprising  to  find  in  a 
place  of  bathing  proofs  of  the  veneration  paid 
to  the  god  of  healing,  and  these  reliefs  have, 
perhaps,  rolled  or  slipped  from  the  neighbouring 
votive  niches. 

It  seems  doubtful  if  these  finds  belong  to  that 
building  which  Isjbus  named  to  e'r  ra>  "Zijpay- 
yup  fSaXai'dov.  But  the  discovery  of  a  stone 
inscribed  'Hpiuov  6pos  shows  that  the  Heroum 
united   with  the  Serangeum  was  in  connexion 


with  the  same.    The  rest  of  the  finds  are,  how- 

.    no   longer  to   be   clearly  distinguished, 

as  when  the  ifcreel  <>n  the  i  opened 

up  ■  large  number  of  I  hem  WON  evidently 
Unobserved  and  destroyed. 

In    connexion    with     these    interesting    finds 

and  communications  from  Dragatsis  the  dire 

of  the   coin  cabinet,  If,  Johann    SvoronoS,    has 

put  forward  a  view  th.it  the  hero  who  bore,  as 
inhabiting  a  cleft,  thu  name  of  SerangUS,  was 
no    other    than    the   widely  travelled   Argonaut 

Euphemus,  who  was  at  home  in  many  parte  of 
(Jreeco.  But  as  Euphemus  elsewhere  appears 
in  connexion  with  the  Minyans,  the  Serangeum 
must  also  be  connected  with  this  prehistoric 
race  and  their  wanderings.  His  views  cannot 
be  more  closely  examined  till  he  has  published 
them.  But  it  has  already  been  objected  with 
reason  that  the  prehistoric  date  of  these  places, 
which,  according  to  his  view,  have  been  further 
worked  over  in  later  times,  must  be  proved. 
And  this  is  a  large  question.  Svoronos  has,  at 
any  rate,  brought  no  proofs  to  support  his 
theory.  His  prehistoric  date  for  the  grotto- 
chambers  is  a  mere  assumption. 

Spyr.  P.  Lambros. 


sales. 

Messrs.  Christie,  Manson  &  Woods  sold 
on  the  9th  inst.  the  following  engravings  : 
After  F.  Wheatley,  Morning  and  Evening,  by 
W.  Barney,  a  pair,  341.;  The  Woodman's 
Return  and  The  Itinerant  Potters,  by  J. 
Whessell,  a  pair,  321.;  and  in  the  series  of 
"Cries  of  London,"  New  Mackerel,  by  N. 
Schiavonetti,  jun.,  301.;  Turnips  and  Carrots, 
by  T.  Gaugain,  301.  ;  Gingerbread,  by  Ven- 
dramini,  34/. ;  Primroses,  by  L.  Schiavonetti, 
301.  After  G.  Morland,  A  Tea  Garden  and  St. 
James's  Park,  by  F.  D.  Soiron,  68/. ;  Fisher- 
men on  Shore,  by  W.  Hilton,  28/.;  Gathering 
Nuts,  Birdsnesting,  Juvenile  Navigators,  and 
Blind  Man's  Buff,  by  W.  Ward,  a  set  of  four, 
77/.  After  J.  Ward,  The  Citizen's  Retreat  and 
Selling  Rabbits,  by  W.  Ward,  a  pair,  34/. 
Alinda,  by  W.  Ward,  52/.  After  J.  R.  Smith, 
Retirement  (Mrs.  Brudenell),  by  W.  Ward,  47/. 
After  Sir  J.  Reynolds,  The  Hon.  Mr.  Leicester 
Stanhope,  by  F.  Bartolozzi,  25/.  ;  Jane,  Countess 
of  Harrington,  and  her  Children,  by  F.  Barto- 
lozzi, 50/.  After  G.  Romney,  Nature  (Lady 
Hamilton),  by  J.  R.  Smith,  201.  After  Huet 
Villiers,  Mrs.  Q.,  by  W.  Blake,  301.  After 
Angelica  Kauffman,  Lady  Rushout,  by  T. 
Burke,  38/.  ;  Rinaldo  and  Armida,  by  Burke, 
25/.  After  Hamilton,  The  Months,  by  Barto- 
lozzi and  Gardiner,  a  set,  175/.  After  Down- 
man,  Mrs.  Siddons,  by  P.  W.  Tomkins,  201.  ; 
The  Duchess  of  Devonshire,  by  Bartolozzi,  25/. 
After  Gainsborough,  Georgiana,  Duchess  of 
Devonshire,  by  Barney,  28/.  After  J.  Hoppner, 
The  Daughters  of  Sir  T.  Frankland,  by  W. 
Ward,  294/. 

The  same  auctioneers  sold  on  the  13th  inst. 
the  following,  from  the  collection  of  the  late  Sir 
C.  Booth.  Drawing  :  Birket  Foster,  A  View  in 
Surrey,  with  old  cottages,  77/.  Pictures :  R. 
Ansdell,  The  Coming  Storm,  420/.  C.  Baxter, 
Gleaners  returning  Home,  111!.  W.  Collins,  A 
Coast  Scene,  with  two  fishermen  in  conversa- 
tion, 204/.  E.  W.  Cooke,  The  Port  of  Venice, 
120/.  ;  The  Entrance  to  Calais  Harbour,  262/. 
T.  S.  Cooper,  Summer,  fifteen  sheep  in  a  land- 
scape, 215/.  T.  Creswick,  A  Welsh  River 
Scene,  with  figures  by  Marcus  Stone,  1131. 
H.  W.  B.  Davis,  A  Shepherd  with  Sheep 
in  a  Landscape,  131/.  J.  Faed,  Scene 
from  '  Woodstock,'  Dr.  Rocheclill'e  in  his 
study,  1521.  W.  P.  Frith,  John  Knox  reprov- 
ing Queen  Mary,  157/.  W.  P.  Frith  and  R. 
Ansdell,  The  Pet  Fawn,  33(5/.  J.  C.  Hook, 
Sailors  starting  for  the  North  Sea  Fishing, 
5351.  ;  A  Shepherd,  with  sheep,  111/.  Sir  K. 
Landseer,  A  Piper  and  a  Pair  of  Nutcrackers, 
1,6271.  F.  R.  Lee  and  T.  S.  Cooper,  Canter- 
bury Meadows,  5467.  J.  Linncll,  A  Landscape, 
with  cattle  going  down  to  a  river,  ol'o/.     \Y.  J. 


Muller,  A  Land  lingham,  on 

the  Med  way,   1,176/.     EL  <  •      1!     | 

and    Hob  Hip    and    B 

Ansdell,  The  Fair  at  Sevi.  !•    i,      .  rtg, 

Sidon,  lookin  L 

1671.  ;  Ruins  of  Tyre,  2312.     I 
Worm's  Head,  Bristol  Channel, 

The  same  auctioneers  sold  mi  the  same  day 
the  following  pictures,  from  the  collection  of 
tho  late  Mr.  S.  Henry  :  R.  Ansdell,  Craft  and 
Confidence,  199/.  ;  The  Gossips  at  an  I 
Moorish  Well,  Granada,  1831.  E.  W.  Cooke, 
Scheveningen  Pincks,  low  water,  1*;^;.  T.  s. 
Cooper,  Sheep  in  Canterbury  Meadows,  L< 

on  the  Banks  of  the  Stour,  Evening, 
18*JZ.  J.  Faed,  The  Crockery- Seller,  11".  J. 
Faed,  The  Offer,  199/.  W.  P.*  Frith,  Sterne  and 
the  French  Innkeeper's  Daughter,  131L  p. 
Graham,  The  Cradle  of  the  Sea-Bird,  87 
Sir  E.  Landseer,  The  Eager  Terrier,  5671.  ;  In 
the  Rabbit  Warren,  215/.  .J.  Linnell,  The 
Emigrants,  840/.  ;  A  Roadside  Nibble,  3461. 
Sir  J.  E.  Millais,  My  Second  Sermon,  3 
D.  Roberts,  View  from  the  Gardens  of  the 
Villa  Barberini  at  Rome,  399/.  C  Stanfield, 
Cittara,  in  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  462/.  ;  Oude 
Scheld,  Texel  Island,  162/. 


Jfinje-^rl  Glossier. 

This  year  the  President  of  the  Academy  will 
probably  be  represented  at  Burlington  House  by 
a  picture  of  exceptional  charm  and  importance, 
the  title  of  which,  'The  Beginning  of  the  End,' 
is  justified  by  the  design.  It  depicts  the  interior 
of  a  summer-house  lined  with  various  splendid 
marbles  and  paved  with  mosaics  of  rich  colours, 
its  roof  supported  by  stately  columns  of  purple 
serpentine,  and  shining  pilasters  of  Algerian 
onyx.  The  walls  are  inlaid  with  slabs  of  por- 
phyry and  stones  of  different  tints.  There  is 
a  white  marble  bench  or  ambo  at  the  foot  of  the 
wall  which  faces  us,  and  it  goes  all  round. 
Upon  it  are  placed  groups  of  comely  and 
sumptuously  clad  ladies,  some  of  whose  forms 
are  more  or  less  visible  through  the  semi- 
diaphanous  tissues,  while  their  expressions  and 
attitudes  suggest  the  luxuriousness  of  their 
lives,  and  make  manifest  that  in  the  volup- 
tuous ways  of  the  Roman  ladies  the  "begin- 
ning of  the  end  "  was  indicated.  Among  these 
groups  several  nearly  naked  children  are 
seen.  All  the  company  are  looking  with 
intense  enjoyment  while  a  lovely  girl,  who 
is  placed  near  the  middle  of  the  composition, 
dances  before  them.  She  moves  with  evident 
delight  in  her  own  beauty,  the  elegance  of  her 
attitude,  and  the  charm  of  the  music  of  a  per- 
former on  double  pipes  who,  on  our  left,  stands 
between  two  of  the  columns  of  serpentine. 
Turning  on  one  foot,  and  holding  up  with  both 
hands  her  rose  -  coloured  skirts,  she  makes 
them  swing  in  accord  with  the  music  and 
her  own  steps.  Her  long  and  thick  brown 
tresses  float  behind  her  shoulders,  and  move 
as  she  moves.  The  picture  is  extremely  bril- 
liant and  pure  in  colour  ;  it  is  strongly  lit,  yet 
softer,  more  limpid,  and  more  harmonious  than 
anything  we  remember  of  Sir  Edward  Poynter's 
painting.  This  purity  and  limpidity  are  more 
particularly  manifest  in  the  shadow  (an  element 
which  may  be  ominous  of  "  the  end  ")  hanging 
in  the  roof,  as  if  it  impended  over  the  groups 
below.  Among  the  ornaments  of  the  wall  is 
a  shrine  of  porphyry  containing  a  silver 
statuette  of  Fortune  standing  on  a  globe.  She 
is  the  only  divinity  in  the  place. 

We  are  glad  to  learn  that  the  First 
Commissioner  of  Works  has  hung  in  Com- 
mittee Room  10  of  the  Houses  of  Par- 
liament three  of  the  leading  pictures  of  the 
famous  Westminster  Hall  competition  of  1847, 
being  (1)  Mr.  Watts's  'Alfred  inciting  the 
Saxons  to  resist  the  Landing  of  the  Danes 
by  encountering  them  at  Sea,  for  which  the 
artist  obtained  a  prize  of  500/.;  (2)  John 
Cross's     '  Richard    Cteur     de    Lion     forgiving 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


387 


Bertram  de  Gourdon,'  to  which  a  prize  of 
300L  was  awarded,  a  fine  and  masculine,  though 
almost  forgotten  picture  to  which  we  have  more 
than  once  referred  as  suitable  for  the  National 
Gallery  ;  and  (3)  Mr.  F.  R.  PickersguTs  '  Burial 
of  Harold, 'a  capital  example  of  his  art,  with  which 
hewonthefirstprize,  5001.  If  these  works  cannot 
be  fairly  exhibited  in  the  Parliament  House, 
for  the  adornment  of  which  they  were  painted, 
it  would  not  be  difficult  to  hang  them  in  West- 
minster Hall,  at  least  temporarily,  if  not 
permanently,  and  until  room  can  be  found 
for  them  elsewhere.  In  the  same  competi- 
tion, 1847,  several  other  pictures  of  merit 
appeared.  Among  these  was  Mr.  J.  C. 
Horsley's  '  Henry  V.,  believing  his  Father  to 
be  Dead,  crowning  Himself;  to  this  work, 
now,  we  think,  at  South  Kensington, 
2001.  was  awarded.  Armitage's  '  Battle  of 
Meeanee,'  which  won  a  5001.  prize,  was,  we 
understand,  in  the  artist's  possession  at  his 
death  ;  the  same  may  be  said  of  P.  F.  Poole's 
'  Edward's  Generosity  to  the  People  of  Calais, 
1346,'  which  won  300L  These  works  might 
well  be  employed  to  decorate  Westminster  Hall. 
With  them  were  Mr.  Watts's  delightful  'Echo,' 
which  he  still  retains,  and  Millais's  picture  of 
'The  Widow's  Mite,'  which  was  cut  in  half, 
so  that  one  half  is  now  somewhere  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  ;  the  other 
we  last  heard  of  at  Tynemouth.  Besides 
these,  there  were  at  Westminster  in  1847  a 
considerable  number  of  hideous  performances 
no  one  would  desire  to  see  again.  Previous 
exhibitions  in  the  Hall,  however,  included  noble 
works,  some  of  which  might,  no  doubt,  with  a 
little  trouble,  be  recovered.  Among  them  were 
works  of  E.  Armitage,  Mr.  Watts,  C.  W.  Cope, 
H.  J.  Townsend,  P.  F.  Poole,  F.  M.  Brown, 
J.  Cross,  D.  Maclise,  A.  Egg,  T.  Woolner, 
W.  Dyce,  Mr.  W.  E.  T.  Dobson,  and  W.  Linton. 

Messrs.  Scott,  of  Edinburgh,  are  about  to 
invite  subscriptions  for  a  projected  reproduc- 
tion of  the  principal  portraits  in  the  Scottish 
National  Portrait  Gallery.  Their  intention  is 
to  facsimile  the  pictures  in  black-and-white  by 
means  of  photography  ;  and  they  exhibit  as  a 
specimen  of  their  workmanship  a  portrait  of 
Lady  Arabella  Stuart.  The  work  will  be  issued 
in  six  quarterly  parts,  containing  in  all  from 
sixty  to  seventy  portraits,  accompanied  with 
brief  biographical  notes. 

The  Berlin  Photographic  Company  is  about 
to  publish  a  photogravure  of  Miss  M.  L.  Gow's 
charming  picture  called  'Your  Majesty.'  It 
represents  the  then  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
(Howley)  and  the  Lord  Chamberlain  of  that  day 
(the  Marquis  of  Conyngham)  announcing  to  the 
Queen  her  accession  to  the  throne  immediately 
after  the  death  of  William  IV.  Miss  Gow 
had  the  advantage  of  the  Queen's  own 
approval  of  the  work  during  its  progress. 
The  Queen  graciously  inspected  the  painting 
and  made  some  corrections.  On  the  first 
copy  of  the  print  the  Queen  wrote  "  1837 — 
Victoria  II.  I.— 1897,  "and  "by  command."  This 
signature  is  to  be  repeated  in  facsimile  on  every 
published  impression. 

The  April  number  of  the  Art  Journal  will 
contain  the  first  of  a  series  of  illustrated  articles 
by  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  upon  the  pictures  at 
Longford  Castle,  a  large  proportion  of  which 
have  been  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy. 
Many  of  them  have  not  hitherto  been  re- 
produced. In  the  same  number  will  appear 
M.  A.  Alexandre's  illustrated  biography  of  Mr. 
Legroa. 

'Tiik  Thkf.i;  CnrixsTiANKs  '  is  the  title  of  "a 
bibliographical  catalogue  of  over  500  works  by 
various  authors  illustrated  by  Isaac,  (Jcorge,  or 
Robert  Cruikshank,"  the  compiler  being  Mr. 
Frederick  Marchmont,  author  of  '  A  Handbook 
of  Anonymous  Literature.'  Mr.  Marchmont  is 
giving,  in  addition  to  his  "list,"  a  reproduction 
of  the  picture  in  oils,  '  A  Mother's  Love  for  her 
Child,'  from  the  Burritt  Collection,  and  painted 


by  George  Cruikshank  in  his  eighty-fourth 
year  ;  a  long  and  interesting  letter  from  George 
Cruikshank  to  Robins,  the  publisher  of  Grimm's 
'German  Stories';  and  also  an  unpublished 
letter,  with  rough  pen-and-ink  sketches,  from 
Robert  Cruikshank  to  Benjamin  Webster,  the 
actor.  The  current  auction  prices,  apparently 
on  the  plan  of  Mr.  Slater's  'Early  Editions,' 
will  be  added,  and  the  work  itself  is  to  appear 
shortly. 

The  exhibition  of  water-colour  drawings  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  Holloway  at  Messrs.  Goupil's  Gal- 
lery, New  Bond  Street,  acquires  a  melancholy 
interest  by  the  death  of  the  artist  on  the 
5th  inst.,  after  a  painful  and  lingering  illness. 
Mr.  Hollo  way's  most  popular  etchings  were 
'  Abingdon  Bridge  '  and  '  Nelson's  Ship  the 
Victory  at  Portsmouth.' 

The  forthcoming  number  of  the  Reliquary 
and  Illustrated  Arclueologist  will  contain 
'Recent  Cave- Hunting  in  Derbyshire,' by  Mr. 
J.  Ward  ;  '  Discovery  of  Ancient  Remains  in 
Deep  Dale,  near  Buxton,'  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Salt  ; 
'Florentine  Crickets,'  by  Miss  Beale  ;  'The 
Etruscan  Ware  of  Wales,'  by  Mr.  Turner  ;  and 
'  Interesting  Roman  and  Anglo-Saxon  Finds  at 
Rothley,'  by  Mr.  Trueman  Tucker. 

We  are  glad  that  those  who  have  the  know- 
ledge are  taking  the  trouble  to  interest  them- 
selves in  the  proposed  restoration  of  South 
Leverton  Church,  Notts.  The  first  scheme  pro- 
vided for  building  a  new  chancel  arch,  pull- 
ing down  the  old  porch  in  order  that  a  new 
Decorated  porch  might  be  erected,  and  putting 
new  Decorated  pinnacles  upon  the  tower.  The 
chancel  arch  and,  we  believe,  the  porch  have 
both  wisely  been  abandoned ;  but  why  there 
is  a  desire  for  new  pinnacles  it  is  difficult  to 
understand.  There  is  no  proof  that  the  four- 
teenth century  builders  erected  any,  although 
they  prepared  for  them.  The  tower  looks  well 
without  them,  and  as  most  towers  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood have  pinnacles,  their  absence  makes 
a  pleasant  variety. 

In  the  April  number  of  Middlesex  and  Hert- 
fordshire Notes  and  Queries  the  account  of 
the  chantries  and  charities  of  Hertfordshire 
will  be  continued.  Mr.  J.  C.  Smith  will  correct 
sundry  mistakes  in  various  historical  accounts 
of  Twickenham,  and  Mr.  Edward  Salisbury  will 
continue  his  list  of  members  of  the  City  com- 
panies in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The  old 
signs  of  the  Strand  will  be  dealt  with  by  Mr. 
Hilton  Price,  and  the  Rev.  O.  W.  Tancock  will 
give  a  further  instalment  of  his  valuable  re- 
port upon  the  parish  registers  of  Hertfordshire. 
'  Vanishing  Landmarks  '  will,  as  before,  be  a 
feature  in  the  magazine. 

Mr.  Henry  Blackburn,  the  founder  of 
'  Academy  Notes,'  died  at  Bordighera  somewhat 
suddenly  last  week.  He  was  on  his  way  home 
from  Naples. — The  decease  is  also  announced  of 
Mr.  Cochran  Patrick,  the  well-known  Scottish 
numismatist,  author  of  'Records  of  the  Coinage 
of  Scotland '  and  '  Catalogue  of  the  Medals  of 
Scotland.' 


MUSIC 


THE  WEEK. 

St.  James's  Hai.l.— Henschel  Concerts. 

Crystal  PALACE.—  Saturday  Concerts. 

Queen's  Hall.— Promenade  Concerts.    Mottl  Concerts. 

The  programme  of  Mr.  Henschel's  seventh 

concert  on  Thursday  last  week  was  of  the 

customary  nature,  that  is  to  say,  brief,  but 

woll  varied.     A  now  Idyl  for  orchestra  by 

Mr.    B.    Luard    Selby,    an    able    musician, 

would  seem  to  have  boon  written  under  the 

influence  of  Wagner's  '  Siegfried  Idyl.'     It 

is  in  the  samo  ko}',  e  natural,  and  thoro  aro 

agt  s  w  hich  distinctly  resemble  others  in 

the  Bayrouth  master's  piece.    Though  by  no 

means  ineffective,  Mr.  Solby's  Idyl  did  not 


make  much  impression.  M.  Slivinski  was 
not  quite  at  bis  ease  in  the  first  movement 
of  Schumann's  Pianoforte  Concerto.  The 
rendering  was  cold,  and  not  altogether  note 
perfect.  Subsequently  the  artist  improved, 
and  the  last  movement  was  brilliantly 
played.  The  most  enjoyable  feature  of  the 
evening  was  Mr.  Henschel's  delivery  of 
'Saul's  Dream'  from  Dr.  Hubert  Parry's 
oratorio,  conducted  by  the  composer.  The 
performance  commenced  with  Weber's  Over- 
ture to  '  Euryanthe,'  and  finished  with  Beet- 
hoven's c  minor  Symphony. 

Mr.  Hamish  MacCunn,  who  conducted 
a  new  suite  entitled  '  Highland  Memories  ' 
at  the  Crystal  Palace  Concert  last  Saturday, 
has  not  been  much  in  evidence  of  late.  The 
three  brief  movements  of  the  new  work  are 
respectively  entitled  "  By  the  Burnside," 
"On  the  Loch,"  and  "A  Harvest  Dance." 
They  are  so  piquantly  scored  and  so  deli- 
cately suggestive  of  Scottish  music  that,  as 
"  Gr."  observes  in  his  usual  felicitous  terms, 
the  suite  "might  recall  the  most  charming 
holiday  which  any  of  us  ever  enjoyed  in 
the  Highlands."  The  engagement  of  Herr 
Joachim  of  course  ensured  a  large  audience, 
and  the  Hungarian  violinist  was  as  grand 
as  ever  in  Beethoven's  Concerto  and  Bach's 
Chaconne.  The  vocalist  was  Mrs.  Hutchin- 
son, who  may  be  thanked  for  bringing  for- 
ward Nos.  4  and  5  of  the  '  Brautlieder '  by 
that  neglected  though  gifted  composer, 
Peter  Cornelius. 

A  quotation  may  be  made  from  the 
programme  of  Mr.  Robert  Newman's  Pro- 
menade Concert  last  Saturday  evening. 
He  says  that  under  his  direction  alone 
"one  hundred  concerts  in  which  a  full 
orchestra  has  been  employed  have  been 
given  in  Queen's  Hall  since  August  29th 
last — that  is  to  say,  in  less  than  seven 
months."  Mr.  Henry  Wood's  orchestra 
may  now  be  regarded  as  a  permanent  body 
of  instrumentalists,  and  a  finer  could  not 
be  desired.  There  were  two  items  marked 
"first  time,"  one  being  a  '  Fantaisie  Hon- 
groise '  by  an  Italian  composer  who  adopts 
the  nam  de  guerre  of  "J.  Burgmein."  This 
is  a  cleverly  written  piece  in  the  style  of 
Liszt's  Rhapsodies,  and  is  neither  better 
nor  worse  than  the  best  of  them.  Far 
greater  praise,  however,  may  be  bestowed 
on  a  Ballade  in  b  flat  for  violin  and 
orchestra,  by  Miss  Maud  Matras,  who  was 
born  in  London  in  187G,  and  is  the  daughter 
of  a  French  father  and  an  English  mother. 
Miss  Matras  studied  music  under  Mr.  Albert 
Fox,  and  although  still  in  her  twenty-first 
year  has  already  penned  various  instru- 
mental and  vocal  pieces.  Her  Ballade  is 
not  only  well  constructed  and  orchestrated, 
but  the  themes  are  pleasant  and  tasteful. 
The  solo  part  was  excellently  played  by 
Mr.  Arthur  W.  Payne.  Tho  schemo  included 
Sullivan's  overture  '  Di  Ballo,'  Schubert's 
'  Unfinished '  Symphony,  Grieg's  '  Peer 
Gynt'  Suite,  No.  1,  and  the  Overturo  to 
'  Tannhiiuser.' 

Herr  Felix  Mottl  is  not  only  an  extremely 
able  conductor,  but  a  nmsician  of  wide  sym- 
pathies. Ho  has  dono  much  to  popularizo 
Berlioz  at  Carlsruhe,  and  ho  can  give  highly 
interesting  readings  of  Wagner's  advanced 
works.  That  he  is  also  in  touch  with 
Mozart  was  shown  at  the  Brat  concert  this 
season  in  London  on  Tuesday  evening,  for 
a  finer  interpretation  of  tho   Symphony  in 


,-j.ss 


T  II  E    A  T  II  BNJUM 


N°3G21,  Mi:,  ii  20,  '97 


g  minor  could  not  be  imagined.  The  piquant 
duet  from  Berlioz's  opera  '  Beatrice  at  Bene- 
dict,' "  Voua  Boupirez,  Madame,"  wb 
Ii'iitlv  buds  in  Grerman  bj  Fran  Mottl  and 
Fraulein  Tomschik,  and  the  same  artiste, 
with  Mr.  Lempriere  Pringle,  took  pari  in 
a  lengthy  selection  (rom  Wagner's  'Gotter- 
dammerung.1  This  included  "  Hagon's 
Wacht,"  Siegfried's  "  Rheinfahrt,"  the  im- 
presaiye  scene  between  Briinnhilde  and  her 
sister  Waltraute,  and  the  "  Trauorniarseh." 


IN  usual  #ot%i$, 

Mk.  HnxiER'Bchamber  concert  at  St.  James's 
Hall  on  Friday  afternoon  last  week  was  by  no 

means  wanting  in  interest.  Russian  music 
dominated  the  programme,  including  the  first 
movement  of  a  String  Quartet  by  Borodin,  a 
concise  and  genial  Quartet  in  o,  No.  1,  by  V. 
Ewald,  and  a  Novelette  in  the  Hungarian  style 
by  Glazoumow.  Of  these  we  must  speak  in 
critical  terms,  if  necessary,  on  another  occasion. 
Praise,  however,  may  unhesitatingly  be  bestowed 
on  Miss  Bertha  Balhaser,  a  well-trained  and 
intelligent  child  pianist,  aged  twelve  ;  on  the 
vocalists.  Miss  Marie  Cabrera  and  Miss  Con- 
stance Bolton  ;  and  on  the  accomplished 
violinist,  Mile.  Irma  Sethe. 

Little  has  to  be  said  concerning  the  Popular 
Concerts  of  last  Saturday  and  Monday.  On 
the  former  occasion  the  concerted  items  were 
Brahms's  String  Sextet  in  v.,  Op.  3G,  and  Nos. 
1,  2,  and  4  of  Schumann's  ' Stuck e  im  Volkston' 
for  pianoforte  and  violoncello,  played  by  Mile. 
Eibenschiitz  and  Lady  Halle,  who  resumed  her 
place  at  the  first  desk,  as  Herr  Joachim  was 
engaged  at  the  Crystal  Palace.  Lady  Halle 
introduced  for  the  first  time  a  '  Serenade  Me'lan- 
colique'  for  violin,  by  Tschaikowsky,  most 
characteristic  of  the  composer.  Miss  Sarah 
Berry  was  the  vocalist. 

On  Monday  a  familiar  scheme  was  provided, 
opening  with  Beethoven's  Quartet  in  e  minor, 
Op.  59,  No.  2,  and  closing  with  Haydn's  bright 
Quartet  in  c,  Op.  33,  No.  3.  That  clever  young 
pianist  Miss  Katie  Goodson  proved  herself  quite 
equal  to  Mendelssohn's  'Variations  Serieuses,' 
and  Mrs.  Helen  Trust  was  charming  in  well- 
selected  vocal  items. 

The  fourth  performance  of  the  Bohemian 
String  Quartet  was  given  at  St.  James's  Hall 
on  Monday  afternoon,  and  a  fifth  is  announced 
for  Monday  next.  Distinction  was  given  to  last 
Monday's  programme  by  the  first  performance 
in  England  of  a  Quartet  in  is  flat,  Op.  11,  by 
Herr  Josef  Suk,  the  second  violinist  in  the 
party.  The  work,  if  not  altogether  original,  is 
distinctively  Czechish  in  character.  Quartets 
by  Beethoven  and  Brahms  were  also  given  with 
the  Bohemians'  customary  spirit  and  faultless 
ensemble. 

Mil.  Gerard  Cork's  new  Pianoforte  Quartet 
in  E,  performed  for  the  first  time  at  the 
eightieth  concert  of  the  Musical  Artists' 
Society  at  St.  Martin's  Town  Hall  on  Monday 
evening,  is  one  of  the  most  genial  works  this 
earnest  composer  has  penned.  It  does  not  in 
the  least  smell  of  the  lamp,  but  is  melodious 
in  the  subject-matter  and  musicianly  in  the 
thematic  development.  The  quartet  was  well 
played  by  executants  whose  names  are  not  yet 
familiar  to  the  public. 

M.  Henri  Kowai.nki,  the  principal  exe- 
cutant at  a  concert  in  St.  James's  Hall  on 
Tuesday  afternoon,  is  a  brilliant  pianist,  but 
his  touch  is  somewhat  hard.  He  played  pieces 
(none  of  any  great  dimensions)  by  various  com- 
posers, including  himself;  and  Miss  Rosa  Bird, 
a  soprano  xfogato,  was  acceptable  in  songs  by 
Schubert,  Meyerbeer,  Bishop,  and  Sullivan. 

A  new  Pianoforte  Concerto  by  M.  Saint- 
Ba'ens  will  be  introduced  for  the  first  time  in 
England   at  the  fifth    Lamoureux    Concert    on 


Friday  evening  nexl   ireek.     The  solo  part  will 

be  played  by  M.  Louis  Diemer.  This  work  will 
take  the  place  of  the  French  composer's  grue- 
some '  DanSS  Macabre  '  and  Dvorak's  Serenade 
for  strings. 

Ki'Ki.T  may  be  felt,  but  no  surprise,  at  the 
announcement  that  the  concerts  of  the  Musical 
Guild  are  to  be  discontinued  after  t  he  cui  I 
serius,  owing  to  lack  of  support.  We  have  said 
before,  and  we  say  again,  that  the  Guild  should 
have  given  their  performances  in  a  more  central 
position.  Perhaps,  before  it  is  too  late,  this 
advice  may  be  taken  and  the  enterprise  con- 
tinued. 

RaOKXT  will  be  felt  by  musicians  and  ama- 
teurs at  the  death  of  Mr.  Berthold  Tours, 
which  occurred  on  Thursday  last  week,  after 
an  illness  lasting  two  years.  The  deceased  was 
fifty-eight  years  old,  and  had  led  an  active  life. 
After  assisting  Sir  Joseph  (then  Mr.)  Barnby  as 
editor  and  musical  adviser  as  to  publications  for 
the  firm  of  Messrs.  Novello,  Ewer  Sc  Co.,  in 
1878  he  took  the  principal  chair  in  this  depart- 
ment, and  the  correctness  of  the  compositions 
emanating  from  the  house  named  is,  no  doubt, 
due  in  great  measure  to  his  zeal  and  intelli- 
gence. As  a  composer  of  church  music  Mr. 
Berthold  Tours  was  one  of  the  most  successful 
foreigners  who  have  taken  up  their  abode  in 
this  country,  for  he  knew  how  to  combine 
French  grace  with  English  solidity  in  eccle- 
siastical music. 

A  Correspondent  writes  : — 

"'Fervaal,'  action,  musicale,  in  three  acts  and  a 
prologue,  text  and  music  by  M.  Yiucent  d'lndy, 
was  produced  at  the  Theatre  de  la  Monnaie, 
Brussels,  on  Friday,  March  12th.  The  story,  a 
legendary  one,  is  symbolical  of  the  rise  of  the 
Christian  and  decline  of  the  Druidical  religion. 
Wagner  is  the  model  of  the  talented  French  com- 
poser, yet  he  has  much  to  say  for  himself.  There 
are  many  representative  theuies,  and  whatever  the 
value  of  the  music  per  te,  the  masterly  use  made  of 
them  deserves  full  recognition.  The  work  is  abstruse, 
and  demands  more  than  one  hearing.  In  the  third 
act  the  composer  rises  to  a  very  high  level.  The 
three  roles  of  Fervaal  (a  Celtic  chief),  Guilheu 
(a  princess),  and  Arfagard  (a  Druid  priest)  were 
impersonated  by  M.  Imbart  de  la  Tour,  Madame 
Eaunay,  and  M.  Seguiu  respectively.  The  orchestra 
was  under  the  direction  of  M.  Flon.  At  the  close, 
artists  and  poet-composer  were  enthusiastically 
applauded." 

Berlioz's  '  Les  Troyens  a  Carthage  '  is  to  be 
performed  on  the  concert  platform  by  the 
Liverpool  Philharmonic  Society  on  the  30th 
inst.  We  hope  to  refer  in  some  detail  to  this 
interesting  musical  event. 


Sl'N. 

Hon. 

Tl  is. 
Wld. 

Tsuw 

Fni. 
S  v  t. 


PERFORMANCES   NEXT   WEEK. 
Orchestral  Concert,  3  .10,  Queen'8  Hall 
National  Sunday  League,  7.  Queen's  Hall 
String  Quartet  Concert,  7  30,  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
Kohennan  string  Quartet.  8,  Bt  James's  Hall. 
Messrs  H  Charles  and  W.  H  Spier's  Concert,  3.  Steinwav  Hall. 
Madame  Marchesi's  Concert,  3.  SI   James  s  Hall. 
Popular  Concert,  8,  St.  James's  Hall 
M   Lamoureux's  Orchestral  Concert,  8  30.  Queen's  Hall 
Trinity  College  Students'  Concert,  s.  st.  Martin  s  Town  Hall. 
Walenn  Quartet  Conceit.  <s.  Queen's  Small  Hall 
M.  Lamoureux's  Orchestral  Concert.  8  30,  Queen's  Hall. 
Mr  Philip  Cathie's  Violin  Recital,  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
II,  Lamoureax'l  Orchestral  Concert.  .'1.  Queen's  Hall 
Messrs  G.  and  H   Balot-George's  Concert,  8,  Queen's  Hall. 
Philharmonic  Concert,  ,s,  Queen's  Hall 
.  M.  Lamoureux's  Orchestral  Concert.  3,  Queen's  Hall. 
Miss  Florence  May's  Pianoforte  Recital.  3,  Queen's  Small  Hall 
Royal  Choral  Society,  Bpohr*S    Last  Judgment '  and  l>r.  Hubert 

Parry's  'Job, '8.  Albert  Hall. 
Mr.  C  Sinkin's  Conceit   ,s.  Queen's  Small  Hall. 
Royal  Artillery  Hand  Coucert.  3,  Queen  9  Hall 
Miss  Doris  Dalton's  Concert.  3,  St.  James's  Hall. 
M.  Lamoureux's  Orchestral  Conceit,  8.30,  Queen's  Hall. 
Crystal  Palace  Concert.  3 
Mo/art  Society's   Conceit,  3,  No.  SO,  George  Street,  Hanover 

-square. 
Popular  Concert.  3,  St   James's  Hall. 
M.  Lamoureux's  Concert.  I,  Queen's  Hall. 
Mr  R  Ortmans's  Violin  Becltal,  ,'i.  Queenli  small  Hall. 

Sal  in  day  Orchestral  Coneerl,  s,  st    James  5  Hall. 


DRAMA 


£lramatir  (Sxrsstjr. 

.Mi:.  MAYER'S  new  season  of  French  plays 
will  begin  at  the  Adelphi  on  the  21st  of  June 
with  Madame  Bernhardt  in  the  altered  version 
of  '  Loren/.accio. ' 

Tin;  new  theatre  in  the  Ilaymarket  is  to  be 
opened  by  Mr.  Tree  next  month  with  a  repre- 


sentation of  'The  Seats   ol  '         M     hty,'  to  BJ 
way    in  due    course  to    'Julias    I  and  a 

new  comedy  by  Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones. 

'JULII  .'    was    played    by    Phelps  at 

Sadler's  Wells  in  May,  1846,  and  was  given 
by  the  Saxe-Meiningen  Company,  with  lit rr 
Ludwig  Barnay  as  Antony,  at  Drury  Lane  in 
umuier  of  1881.  There  are  comparatively 
few  London    playgoers  who   can    have  witnessed 

■tu  English  performance. 

Miss  Kate  SamTXEY  has  written  to  contradict 
a  rumour,  transferred  from  a  tbeatri  r  to 

our  columns,  that  she  has  parted  with  the  lease 
of  the  Royalty  Theatre. 

'  As  Yor  Like  It  '  is  among  the  Shakspearesn 
plays  that  can  now  boast  of  a  run  of  over  one 
hundred    performances,     that    number    having 
been  reached  at  the  St.    James's,   from  wl. 
house  it  is  now  withdrawn. 

By  his  will  the  late  Henry  Thomas  Betty 
leaves  5,0007.  to  the  General  Theatrical  Fund 
and  to  the  Dramatic  and  Musical  Benevolent 
500/.,  both  sums  to  be  doubled  on  the  death 
of  Mrs.  Betty.  His  residuary  estate  is  to  be 
ultimately  devoted  to  a  theatrical  charity,  to 
be  called  Betty's  Fund,  for  poor  actors  and 
actresses. 

'  Secret  Service  '  is  the  title  of  a  play 
by  Mr.  William  Gillette,  dealing  with  the 
American  Civil  War,  to  be  produced  at  the 
Adelphi  on  May  15th.  The  author  will  present 
the  hero. 

'  Ox  Leave  '  is,  we  are  told,  to  be  the  title  of 
Mr.  Horner's  version  of  '  Le  Sursis  '  to  be  pro- 
duced at  Terry's  Theatre  at  Easter.  Miss  Alma 
Stanley,  Miss  May  Palfrey,  Miss  Esme"  Beringer, 
Mr.  Beauchamp,  and  Mr.  Playfair  will  take  part 
in  the  performance. 

'The  Alchemist,' a  drama  by  Mr.  E.  Shil- 
lingford,  will  be  produced  tentatively  at  Bir- 
mingham on  the  25th  inst.,  and  will  be  sup- 
ported by  a  cast  including  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cyril 
Maude  and  Mr.  Herbert  Waring. 

'  Byeways  '  (sic)  is  the  title  of  a  one-act  piece 
by  Mr.  G.  S.  Payne,  which  serves  as  curtain- 
raiser  at  the  Comedy,  and  is  played  by  Miss 
G wynne  Herbert,  Miss  Florence  Haydon,  Mr. 
Lovell,  and  Mr.  Volpe\  It  is  a  "costume 
play,"  showing  the  manner  in  which  the  con- 
sent of  a  youth  to  marry  a  girl  he  has  ruined 
is  won  by  introducing  her  to  his  eminently 
undesirable  parents. 

Miss  Marion*  Terry  has  been  secured  by 
Mr.  Wyndham  for  the  forthcoming  production 
at  the  Criterion  of  Mr.  Jones's  'Physician.' 
Miss  Mary  Moore,  Mr.  Wyndham,  Mr.  Alfred 
Bishop,  and  Mr.  J.  G.  Taylor  are  also  in  the 
cast. 

Miss  Annie  Rose  will  produce  in  May 
'  Truth  and  its  Shadow  '  by  Messrs.  Edmund 
Gurney  and  Malcolm  Carter. 

The  production  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre, 
Edinburgh,  of  'Henry  Esmond,'  adapted  by 
Mr.  T.  Edgar  Pemberton,  appears  to  have  been 
a  success.  Mr.  Compton  was  Esmond,  Miss 
Virginia  Bateman,  Lady  Castlewood,  and  Miss 
Gertrude  Scott,  Beatrix. 

We  hear  of  the  death  of  Shiel  Barry,  a  repre- 
sentative of  character  and  Irish  parts.  His 
best-known  performance  in  London  was  the 
Miser  in  'Les  Cloches  de  Corne villa.' 

Si  inks  from  Tasso's  '  Aminta '  will  be  giren 
at  Queen's  College,  Harley  Street,  after  Easter, 
with  scenery  and  costumes.  The  music  will 
bo  composed  for  the  occasion  by  Mr.  Henry 
Gad  shy.  

To  OOBRBSPONDEMTS— S.  J.  A.  F.-C.  J.  G.— E.  M.-B.  T. 
—J.  P.  G.-J.  H.  E.— received. 

BxQI  nu  h.— You  should  send  your  inquiry  to  Aotes  and 
Queritt, 

No  notice  can  be  taken  of  anonymous  communications. 

Erratum.—  No,  3619,  p.  807,  col.  3,  line  2o  from  bottom,  for 
•'  Maine  "  read  Mayne. 


N°  3621 ,  March  20,  '97  T  HE     A  T  H  E  N  MM 389 


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N°3621,  March  20, '97 THE     ATHEN^UM 391 

CAMBRIDGEJJNi™  PRESS. 

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N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHEN^UM 


393 


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Til  E     A  T  II  KWEUM 


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PHILOSOPHICAL      i  RAN8ACTION8 

A  KoVAl.     IOCI1    i\      Dl     LONDON, 

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1.  ON   thr   AITI.UUloN    ..I    ii..-    mm. in      i  III  <>HN    I..    DMNU 

|,\M>       lij  K    II     llurl.urv 
;   Thr  KDUKATIOB  ol  HAOBIMM      B]   i     k    ll.-ar»on. 

BFBBXMBNTB  M    I  1.1   111    \  I  si  1 1- 1  n         By  A     M»lliirk 

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NTANCKM      So    1     II"    ■  'i -  '•'  ''"!'■  sulphur 

i<7  Blehard  Tbrtftall  ami  Jotept  ii.nr>  Dimpiar  nraartoy. 
5.  Thr  111  mis  o|    BURMA   ami    ASSOCIATED    MlM.KW.s      their 
Mods  of  Oeenmnee  Orlftn  and  Molamorphotet     A  Contribo- 

lion   In   Hi.-    Ill-t-  rr    ol   i  •  -minium      lly   0.    llarrlDKtoll    BTOWB, 

;nni  Pro!  Jobs  w  JudJ 

0    A1.IKKNAI  i:  II  BR]  N  I    Dl  N  \Mn  ELBOTBIO  MACHINES,     lljr 

J    Hopklnaon  ud  B   Wilson. 
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i.i  iiiin     in    RofroMloo  Heredity,  and  Panmixia,    ltj  Karl 

Pearson. 
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PRNOTJIN,  lBSO-Ot       ll\  !:■]. lain  l:    \V    Creak,  11  N. 
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Including  Local  Dialects,  Archaisms,  and  Notes 
on  our  Old  Poets. 

GENEALOGY  AND  HERALDRY, 

Including  Histories  of  Old  Families,  completion 
of  Pedigrees,  ice, 

MISCELLANEOUS  NOTES,  QUERIES, 
and  REPLIES. 

On  points  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Topo- 
graphy, Fine  Arts,  Natural  History,  Mis- 
cellaneous Antiquities,  Numismatics, 
Photography,  &c. 


Published    by    JOHN    C    FRANCIS, 
Bream's-buildings,  Chancery-lane,  E.C. 

And  may  be  had,  by  order,  of  all  Booksellers  and 
Newsvendors. 


N°3621,  March  20,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


395 


OF 


ME,     MURRAY'S    LIST. 

NEXT  WEEK,  2  vols,  demy  8vo.  32s. 

THE      LIFE      AND      LETTERS 
BENJAMIN   JOWETT,    MA.., 

Master  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford. 

By  EVELYN  ABBOTT,  M.A.  LL.D.,  and  the  Rev.  LEWIS  CAMPBELL,  M.A.  LL.D. 
With  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations. 

JUST  OUT,  demy  8vo.  U. 

A  LETTER  TO  THE  DUKE  OF  WESTMINSTER 

KG., 
ON   THE    EASTERN    QUESTION. 

By  the   Right  Hon.   W.   E.   GLADSTONE. 
JOHN  MURRAY,  Albemarle-street. 


In  crown  8vo.  gilt  top,  price  5*. 

PUPPETS      AT      LARGE. 

Scenes   and   Subjects   from   Mr.    Punch's    Show. 

By  F.  ANSTEY,  Author  of  <  Vice  Versa,'  &e. 

With  16  Page  Illustrations  by  J.  B.  PARTRIDGE. 

London:  BRADBURY,  AGNEW  &  CO.,  Limited,  8,  9,  10,  Bouverie-street,  E.G. 


Now  ready,  CHEAP  EDITION,  illustrated,  1  vol.  demy  8vo.  cloth,  10*. 

THE      ORDER      OF      THE      COIF. 

By  Mr.  SERJEANT  PULLING. 

Containing  the  Early  History  of  the  Order,  together  with  an  Account  of  the  Aula  Reds  and  the 
Courts  at  We.taun.ter  Hall  derived  from  it-The  Justiciar-The  Judges  and  Serjeant  of  Ue  Coif  The 
t£Z  7     plegerTh/MlDDS  °f  C°Urt-The  F°rmS'  Solemnities,^  Usage^  kep    UP  by  the  Blench 

and  Sol,         r  J"!  MeiTS  °f  the  °M  °rder'  and  its  maD^  distinguished  Members-The  r  Legal 

and  Social  position,  and  the  gradual  Innovations  on  the  Old  Institution.  g 

,nd  Z  TTT^  77!ldigested  research An  imPortant  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  Bench 

and  Bar  of  England."— Illustrated  London  News.  * 


London:  WILLIAM  CLOWEJJ^JQNS^Limitei),  Law  Publishers,  27,  Fleet-street,  E.G. 


24,  Bedford-street,  Strand   W  C 

G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS  beg  to  announce  that  they 
have  published  this  week  ROBERT  the  BRUCE 
and  the  STRUGGLE  for  the  SCOTTISH 
INDEPENDENCE  ("  Heroes  of  the  Nations  " 
Series),  by  Sir  HERBERT  MAXWELL,  Bart., 
M.P.,  fully  illustrated,  croum  8vo.  cloth,  5s. ;  also 
a  New  Novel  entitled  THAT  AFFAIR  NEXT 
DOOR,  by  ANNA  KATHERINE  GREEN, 
Author  of  '  The  Leavenworth  Case,'  crown  8vo. 
cloth,  6s.  Both  of  these  volumes  are  obtainable 
at  all  the  Libraries. 


NOW  READY. 
THE  APRIL  NUMBER  OF  THE 

PALL  MALL  MAGAZINE. 

edited  by 
LORD  FREDERIC  HAMILTON. 

Price  ONE  SHILLING  net. 

Contents. 

ON  OULTON  BROADS.    Frontispiece 

An  Etching  by  Horace  Schroder. 
SUNRISE.     Mackenzie  Bell. 

With  Illustrations  by  Abbey  Altson. 

LEVENS 1  HALL   WESTMORLAND.    Mrs.  Bagot,  of  Levens 
Illustrated  from  Photographs.  sevens. 

DOLORES.    Arthur  Applin 

With  Illustrations  by  Sydney  Cowell. 
The  SWELL  from  the  "H.  F.  H."    J.  c.  L.  Booth 

Illustrated  by  the  Author. 
A  CAXTON  MISSALE.    Lady  Newton 

With  Facsimile  Reproductions. 
The  BREECHING  of  SAMMY.    Horace  A.  Aachell. 
HONITON  LACE.    Alice  Dryden. 

With  numerous  Designs. 
APRIL.    Ada  Bartrick  Baker 

Illustrated  by  Will  Robinson. 

SPORT  of  the  MONTH :  Trout-Fishing.    Hon  T  W  Leeh  MP 

With  Full-Page  Illustration  by  George  Roller. 
The  STRANGE  ADVENTL,RE  of  JQAN  ARC  Geraldine  Bonner 

With  Illustrations  by  Bernard  Higham.  runner. 

PECULIARITIES  of  BRITISH  ARMY  DRESS.    Walter  Wood. 

SPRING.    Full-Page  Illustration  by  E.  G.  Cohen. 

WILD  FLOWERS  in  the  LONDON  STREETS.     A  Every 
With  Illustrations  by  E.  L.  M.  '"'■ 

ST'  "'  With^ME^t-6"18^  T4leJate  Robert  Louis  Stevenson. 
W  ith  Illustrations  by  G.  Grenville  Manton. 

IN  the  NORTH-WEST.    Clive  Phillips- Wolley 
Illustrated  by  H.  Granville  Fell 

"•JESgHELSSEi  C0'0nel  HO- Hutchinson,  Director  of 

TheMAW?.SDr^^.0,CHESS-    Partn' 

FR0M  *  SSRJiIS1  WIN"OW.    A.  T.  Quiller  Couch. 
W  ith  Thumb-Nail  Sketches  by  Mark  Zangwill 
The  HUMOURS  of  the  MONTH. 


EXQUISITELY    ILLUSTRATED    BY    THE 
LEADING  ARTISTS. 


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Sketches  of  London  Street  Architecture,  No.  XI.,  &c.         a"-n«eciure . 

See  the  BUILDER  of  March  20  (id. ;  by  post,  4Jd.) 
Publisher  of  the  Builder,  46,  Catherine-street,  London,  WC 


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In  contact  with  the  glands  at  the  moment  they  are  ei cited  by  the  act  of 
helling*'        Bl5,cerlne  in  thc8e  <*reeable  conkctfonTbecomes TacSvefy 

JJJPPS'S  GLYCERINE  JUJUBES. 

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N   3621,  Mm:'  ii  20,  "07 


WARD,   LOCK  &   CO.'S  SPRING  LIST. 

SIX   SHILLINGS.  SEVEN    SEAS    SERIES. 


FALSE      DAWN.       By    Francis    Prevost. 

With  Specially  Detigoed  Cora  bj  A.  A,  Tarbayne,  [Just  ready. 

The  author's  previotu  volomet,  'BUST  of  GOLD*  and 'ON  tlie  VERGE,' 
haw  plaoed  bim  In  llie  foremo.-t  rank  of  literary  artists,  and  the  Publishers 
feci  oonfidenl  thai  this,  his  orst  long  novel,  will  more  than  confirm  the 
reputation  he  baa  already  acquired. 

FIVE   SHILLINGS. 
GUY  BOOTIIBY'S  NOVELS. 

PROFUSELY  ILLUSTRATED  BY  STANLEY  L.  WOOD. 

THE    FASCINATION    OF    THE    KING. 

[Ready  in  April. 

After  the  remarkable  success  of  Mr.  Boothby's  previous  Novels,  '  DR. 
NIKOLA,'  'The  BEAUTIFUL  WHITE  DEVIL,'  'A  BID  for  FORTUNE,' 
&c,  this  book  will  be  eagerly  welcomed,  and  will,  it  is  anticipated,  secure 
an  even  greater  success. 

FOURTH  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

DOCTOR      NIKOLA. 

"Deeply  interesting The  cbarm  of  the  book   is  its   remoteness  from  the  ordinary 

scenes  and  ways  of  fiction;   after  reading  it,  one  could  almost  fancy  that  one  had  stood 
within  the  gates  of  Lhassa  the  Blessed."— British  Weekly. 

SIXTH  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

THE  BEAUTIFUL  WHITE  DEVIL. 

"  An  original  idea  worked  out  in  original  fashion.    A  book  for  all  who  like  stories  told 
in  a  bright,  healthful  style."— Globe. 

THREE   SHILLINGS    AND    SIXPENCE. 
FORDHAM'S    FEUD.     By  Bertram  Mitford, 

Author  of  '  The  Curse  of  Clement  Waynflete,'  '  The  Expiation  of  Wynne 
Palliser,'  &c.     Illustrated  by  Stanley  L.  Wood.  [Heady  shortly. 

CAPTAIN  SHANNON.    By  Coulson  Kernahan. 

Illustrated  by  F.  S.  Wilson.  [Ready  shortly. 

After  Mr.   Kernahan's  wonderful  success  in  very    different    lines  of   literature,  this 
thrilling  romance  from  his  pen  will  be  eagerly  anticipated. 

The  CRIME  and  the  CRIMINAL.     By  Richard 

MARSH. 

A  most  novel  plot,  worked  out  with  the  sensational  power  familiar  to  all  readers  of 
Mr.  Marsh's  previous  works. 

LADY     TURPI  N.      By   Henry    Herman, 

Author  of  '  His  Angel,'  ice.    Profusely  illustrated  by  Stanley  L.  Wood. 


By   Ethel 


THIRD  EDITION  NOW  READY. 

The    LITTLE    LARRIKIN. 

TURNER.     Profusely  illustrated. 

"  So  brightly  written  and  so  full  of  delicate  touches  of  both  humour  and  pathos." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

A  LITERARY  GENT.     By  Coulson  Kernahan, 

Author  of  'God  and  the  Ant'  and  'The  Child,  the  Wise  Man,  and  the 
Devil,'  of  which  100,000  have  already  been  sold.  With  Monochrome 
Portrait  of  the  Author  and  special  Cover  Designed  by  A.  A.  Turbayne. 

LEATHERETTE,  6d.J    CLOTH,  Is. 

This  little  book  is  thought  by  many  to  be  the  author's  ma9terpieee,  and,  the  Publishers 
believe,  is  especially  interesting  as  being  the  first  instance  on  record  of  an  attempt  to  pro- 
duce a  W.  book  in  a  style  of  high  artistic  excellence. 


A  New  Library  in  which  lowness  of  price  and  •  of  form  are  com- 

bined witli  the  high-  I  paper,  print,  arid  bind 

The  name  of   tin.-  Series  is  taken  from  I.  .Had, 

and  la  derived  from  the  fact  tlat  the  Publishers  have  obi  tributort 

from  the  boundaries  of  all  the  Seven  Seas  that  everlastingly  wa>h  the  Anglo- 
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Amongst  the  Wi  iters  included  are  representatives  of  B  ,  Ireland, 

Scotland,  Australia,  Canada,  United  Si  •  India. 

Volumes  by  GUY  B00THBY,  ETHEL  TURNER,  ROWLAND 
GREY  (Author  of  'The  Power  of  the  Dog,'  &c),  MAYNE  LINDSAY, 
J.  S.  FLETCHER,  and  others  will  follow  shortly. 

CLOTH  GILT,  GILT  EDGES,  2s. ;  LEATHERETTE  GILT.  Is.  6(L 

Volume  I. 

RING  o'  RUSHES.    By  Shan  F.  Bullock,  Author 

of  '  By  Thrasna  River.'     Illustrated  by  Harold  Copping. 

"  Thoroughly  interesting,  and  at  times  fascinating 1  here  is  plenty  of 

Hibernian  humour  and  genuine  pathos." — Scotsman. 

"Equal   to   the   most  vaunted   productions    of  the   Kailyard Clever, 

showing  a  fine  command  of  humour  and  pathos,  yet  utterly  free  from  cheap 
sensationalism." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 


The    CIRCLE 

KNIGHT,   Author 
Stage.' 


Volume  II. 

of  the    EARTH. 

of    '  Dust  in   the   Balance '   and 


By  George 

'  Sapphira  of  the 


THE 

NINETEENTH    CENTURY    CLASSICS. 

Edited  by  CLEMENT  K.  SHORTER. 

Published  at  HALF-A-CROWN  each  Volume. 

Crown  8vo.  tastefully  bound,  gilt  top,  uncut  edges,  art  canvas,  full  gilt, 
printed  at  the  Chiswick  Press  on  Whittingham's  best  antique  wove  paper,  with 
Photogravure  Frontispiece  to  each  Volume,  and  Introductions  by  Eminent 
Writers. 

"  A  series  of  reprints  of  literary  masterpieces These  books  will  educate 

the  eye  as  well  as  the  intellect,  and  at  a  modest  price  of  half-a-crown  are 
within  the  reach  of  everybody.  Beautiful  books  they  are,  and  their  intrinsic 
value  is  increased  by  bibliographical  notes  and  introductions  by  experts." 

Illustrated  London  Nen~$. 
NEW  VOLUMES. 

BELLS   and   POMEGRANATES.      By   Robert 

BROWNING.     Introduction  by  THOMAS  J.  WISE,  and  Photogravure 
Portrait  of  the  Author.  [Now  ready. 

PAST    and   PRESENT.     By   Thomas    Carlyle. 

Introduction  by  FREDERIC  HARRISON,  and  Photogravure  Portrait  of 
the  Author  from  the  Portrait  by  Whistler.  [Now  ready. 

BELLS  and  POMEGRANATES.    Second  Series. 

By  ROBERT  BROWNING.  Contains  Photogravure  Portrait  of  the  Author 
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CRANF0RD.     By  Mrs.  Gaskell.     Introduction 

by  W.    ROBERTSON    NICOLL,  LL.D.     Photogravure  Portrait  of  the 
Author.  [Ready  shortly. 

VOLUMES  ALREADY  PUBLISHED. 

SARTOR    RESARTUS.      By   Thomas    Carlyle. 

Introduction  by  EDWARD  DOWDEN,  LL.D. 

ALARIC  at  ROME,  and  other  Poems.  By  Matthew 

ARNOLD.     Introduction  by  RICHARD  GARNETT,  C.B.  LL.D. 

HEROES  and  HERO  WORSHIP.    By  Thomas 

CARLYLE.     Introduction  by  EDMUND  GOSSK. 

PROMETHEUS  BOUND,  and  other  Poems.    By 


ELIZABETH     BARRETT     BROWNING. 
MEYNELL. 


Introduction    by    ALICE 


London :    WARD,  LOCK  &  CO.,  Limited,  Salisbury-square,  E.C. 


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THE   ATHENAEUM 

Sournat  of  (ZEnglte!)  antr  &ovti%n  literature,  £ctence,  t&e  &int  &rt*,  JWustc  anb  tfre  »ama. 


No.  3622. 


SATURDAY,    MARCH    27,    1897. 


PRICE 

THREEPENCE 

REGISTERED  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 


KOYAL    SOCIETY   of   PAINTER-ETCHERS.— 
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OPEN  TO  THE  PUBLIC  FREE  10  a.m.  to  6  p.m. 

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Candidates  who  present  themselves  for  Examination  in  London  will 
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Friday. 


Candidates  for  :— 

PART      I 

PART     II 

PART  III.  Section  A. 


9  30  to  1  30        ..        2  0   to  6  0 
2  0    to  6  0  . .         9  30  to  1  30 

2.0    to  6  0  ..         9  30  to  130 

Monday.  Tuesday. 

PART  III.  Section  B.  . .  10  0  to  2.0  . .  10  0  to  2  0 
Candidates  must  give  fourteen  days'  notice  in  writing,  addressed  to 
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By  order  of  the  Council, 

FRANK  II    WYATT" 
A.  F.  BURRIDGE 


)Hon  Sees. 


MUSICAL     CRITIC     can     supply     Weekly    or 
Fortnightly    LONDON    LETTER   to    Provincial    or   Colonial 
Journal— Address  Baton,  care  of  Williug's,  162,  Piccadilly,  W. 

A  PROFESSOR  of  FRENCH,  German,  and 
Geography  is  seeking  a  SITUATION  as  COACH  or  MASTER  in 
■a.  SCHOOL.  Great  experience;  good  testimonials —Address  Moss. 
Paul  Thienie,  North  Croft  Villas,  Engleiicld-green,  Staines. 

TO    PUBLISHERS.— LITERARY    ADVISER  to 

JL  one  of  the  oldest  London  Publishing  Firms  for  the  last  7J  years 
NOW  AT  LIBERTY —Letters  to  S.  G.,  [care  of  C.  II.  Ward,  Solicitor, 
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A  YOUNG  MAN,  aged  27,  desires  EMPLOY- 
MENT  in  LIBRARY,  Public  or  Private.  No  previous  experience, 
but  good  education  and  knowledge  of  Books.  Willing  to  work  for 
nothing  till  efficient  in  technical  details  —Address  Y.  O  ,  248,  Holden- 
hurst-road,  Bournemouth. 

YOUNG  LADY  (experienced)  wishes  post  as 
SECRETARY.  Has  had  sound  English  education.  French  and 
German  (acquired  abroad),  Shorthand, Type-writing;  used  to  reading 
aloud  Good  references  —Address  v  U  i' ,  care  of  Messrs.  Reynell& 
Son.  Advertisement  Offices,  II.  Chancery-lane,  W.C. 

THE  MARCHIONKSS  of  DUFFERIN  and  AVA 

A  RECOMMENDS  a  YOUNG  LADY  as  PRIVATE  SECRETARY 
or  as  TRAVELLING  COMPANION.  Fluent  French  and  German- 
Address  II  V  B  s  .  care  ol  Miss  Janes,  59.  Berners-strcet,  Oxford-street, 
London,  W. 


T 


MiEGARON     INTERMEDIATE     SCHOOL. 


The  Local  Governing  Body  are  prepared  to  appoint  a  HEAD  MASTER 
bOV€  School 

salary  1501.  per  annum,  with  a  Capitation  Fee  of  1/.  for  each  Pupil. 
Accommodation  has  to  be  provided  for  i>)  Boys  and  10  Girls  under  the 
Scheme. 

'Ihe  School  will  l>c  opened  shortly  in  temporary  buildings. 

Candidates  must  be  Graduates  of  some  University  in  the  United 
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Applications,  stating  age.  qualifications,  and  experience,  with  twelve 
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must  be  in  my  hands  on  or  before  Friday,  April  u  1897. 

M    MORGAN,  Clerk  to  the  Governing  Body. 

Tregaron 

i;OYLE      COLLEGE,      LONDONDERRY. 
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The  Governors  are  about  to  appoint  a  HEAD  M  LSTER,  who  will  be 
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'i  he  «aiar\  i  per  annum,  with  a  Capitation  Pee  of  w  and 

one  fourth  of  the  earned  at  the  Annual  Bxamlnations  oi 

ihe  Board  of   intermediate  Education   in   Ireland,  in  addition  to  the 
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A   I  '  of  rent  and  taxes,  with  adequate  accommodation 

for  Boat  det  -   I*  provided 

atea  that  the  Pupils  will  exceed  I.Vi 

i  in  Governors  «  ill  pai  the  salaries  ol  the  aefUu&nl  Kaftan. 

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:,98 


THE     AT  II  KN-ffiUM 


N°3622,  March  27,  '97 


[^     L     L     I     8  k  I     I-     V     B     V, 

I  J     DnsJarl  In  Hid  ami  Itarr  Books    Manuscripts.  u4  l.ngni, 
ni.w  (  mm  'k.i  i     He.  I     OF  I  KOICI  i- 

uid  m  km  m  urn, 

Including  a  Il<in»rk»i.lf  (  .diction  ..f  I.M.I    BOOK!  M  Ml  DO, 

now  read*    ■ 
\.  »     Hi. ii. I  •lint      London      \\ 


O 


LD    COLOURED    VIEWS   ,,f    LONDON— 

shipping    Qarioalt  Proof  Beta  of  Illustratlvun  to 

..il  uml    Milium    subject*      M. -lungs     Portrait*,    .v.      Jusi 
published    a  (MM. in. (  I  bj    Ji  »i-    Runru   .V    Ron     in. 

i  ill.. i.l  >•..,  .1,  1  ... ud. .ii,  \V  -  Old  Hook-  and  F.ngravlliK*  bought  (ul  Oub 

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LEADING   ARTISTS  of  the   DAY. 

9,000  Reproductions  from  the  Works  of  BURNE  JUNKS, 
WATTS,  ROSSETTI,  ALMA  TADKMA.  SOLOMON. 
HOFFMAN.  BODENHAUSEN,  PLOCKHORST,  THU- 
MANN,  4c. 

CATALOG  IKS  POST  FREE. 


(Salts  bjo  faction. 

A  1'rtion  >,j the  fill  If  '/  O.t  late  F.   »'.  SMITH    hjn 

rait. 

MEBKRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGK 
«lll  HELL  i.i  AUCTIOH    at  tt.Hr  Hunt    No    U    Welllndaa 
strand    W  (       <,n    I  I   H.M.W     Ml 
IwroK-    Including  the  Property  of  G    li    ttoll  l  H  l  •.    ,  .    ,  •-    1  ,_     g^'. 

tl  ,*  sorting  W  ...  k«     v.. .**.-»     Topeajmpl  '  -  of  a 

M.'i  I    Blograph     • 

—Galleries     I.i,'   Art  and  Kcimtiftc  1  i       4 

POK1  ion  uf  the  LIBRARY  •  f  the  lau-  I     W 

of    I  rench  and   lulliti   Woffci     lt.»-   l'r*»p*-rti  of  ah 

AtMiiiAN    NOHLKMAM    eomprUlag    .ear.-e   r.;  .     u». 

Property   <.f   J    C    CBOWDY,    Km  „    „l 

-    1 1  a.-kerai   and  other*   Caricature*  by  Hrmtr.  Ac    aa€ 

oilier  proper-lie.   in   which  »ill  ht  found  Work,  i  II.   L. 

•  -ii   Doyle,  Bewick  Geo   Meredith   Ao4«ley  ti 

May  trc  rlewed  two  days  prior     t^atalorut*  may  be  had. 

/■.'wjravingt   hi/  Matters  tif  the  k'ngluh   >  J  'rvptrttf  tf 

the  Right  U'jix.  the  KAHL  <.f  CHA  It  /  OJtlJ. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  &   HODGB 
will  SKI. I.  i.i  AUCTION    at  their  Hotm    So    IV    Weltlactas- 
OO  \\  1  I.M.-m'i     Mar.  I  . 

BNORAVINOfl  including  Fuel  B  -..^cu  by  Mi.im  ol  t»w  Kart.aii 
School,  some  Bnely  printed  In  «'olour»  rompritlnK  Maaler  i'hlllp  Yorke 
and  the  Agu  of  Inn.K.-ence  both  alter  Kit  Jot>><ua  Re]  n*.l<J*— andThoefhas 
on  Malrlmom  after  J    R  Smith,  all  in  "  lltloa  the  I'rtrfeet* 

of  the  Right' Hon  the  BAB.L  "f  '  RAWFORIJ  »iv.  other  I'rooertiea. 
eomprUlnic  Meuotint  PonnlU after  Sir  1  Reynold-  ftc- 
London  afu-r  Wheatle)  —  Lad)  Kenyon.  after  lloppner— MIm  Kama. 
after  sir  I  I  awrence— and  others;  al^o  the  Series  of  Sn  Onftaal 
Water-Colour  Drawings  by  R  Oaldecott  llliutrallng  The  Had  Ooff.'by 
Oliver  Goldsmith,  4c. 

May  be  riewed  two  days  prior     Catalogues  may  be  had. 

A  valuable  Collection  of  Engravingt  formed  prior  to  the 
year  1660. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No.  13.  Welllajitra- 
street.  Strand,  W.C  .  on  THURSDAY,  April  I,  at  1  o'clock  precisely, 
a  COLLECTION  of  ENGRAVINGS  formed  prior  to  the  year  1MB, 
comprising  fine  Mezzotint  and  other  Engravings  after  Gaiaiboroaga. 
Honpner,  Sir  J.  Reynolds.  Komney.  and  other  celebrated  artlau. 
including  l'ortraiu  of  eminent  statesman.  Authors.  Military  Com- 
manders. Nobility  and  Gentry,  Theatrical  Celebrities.  Ac.  —  Faaey 
Subjects  bv  P.  Hartolozzi— five  different  Portraits  of  Lady  Hamilton, 
after  Romhey  and  Sir  J.  Reynolds- a  very  interesting  series  of  Por- 
traits ol  the  Lord  Chancellors  and  other  liignitaries  ol  the  Law.  Ac  . 
nearly  all  being  in  very  fine  states  both  as  to  Impression  and  condition, 
several  with  the  handwriting  of  Horace  Walpole  upon  them 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

The  Botanical  Library  of  the  UU  FREEMAS  C.  S.  ROPER, 
Esq. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  k  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13.  Wellinftou- 
street.  Strand.  W.C,  on  FRIDAY,  April  2,  and  Following  Hay  »: 
1  o'clock  precisely  (by  order  of  the  Executors),  the  LIBRARY  of  the 
late  FREEMAN  C.  S.  ROPER.  Esq  ,  F  L  8  F  R.M.S  .  At,  ol  Palgraie 
House.  Eastbourne,  comprising  valuable  Works  on  lk.ta.ni and  the  other 
Branches  of  Natural  History-Cooke's  Handbook  ol  Hritl«h  Fungi. 
Illustrations  of  liritish  Fungi  and  British  Fresh-Water  Algw— Dtbdln  « 
Tour  in  France  and  Germany,  with  extra  Illustrations— Oreiille's 
Scottish  CTvptopaniic  Flora— Grevillea— Hariet's  Phvcologia  Britan- 
nica— Lindlev  and  Hutton's  Fossil  Flora  ol  Great  Britain— rUmii 
Game  and  Wild  Animals  ol  Southern  Africa—  Ihe  Grete  Herbal— The 
Phvtologist-Saceardo.  Sylloge  Fungorum— Sowerby  s  English  Botany, 
with  Four  unpublished  Plates— Sowerby's  Mineral  Concnology.  com- 
plete Set  — Stephens  s  Illustrations  of  British  Entomology  —  Snasea 
Archaological  Collection*— Musfe  Frani»i«ct  Mum'v  lloyale— Sowerby's 
CoU.ur-d  Figures  of  English  Fungi.  Ac  —Manuscript  Hon-  on  Vellum, 
with  flnelv  painted  Miniatures— Graduale  MS  on  vellum,  with  Initial 
Letters.  Miniatures,  and  elaborate  Borders,  sac  XV. —and  Miscel- 
laneous Works  ol  General  Literature.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  i.wo  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  hal 

Valuable  Engravings,  the  Property  of  an  Officer  in  the  Army. 

MESSRS.  SOTHEBY,  WILKINSON  Ac  HODGE 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  No  13.  Wellington- 
street  Strand.  W.C.  on  MONDAY.  April  5.  and  Following  Day,  at 
1  o'clock  precisely,  ENGRAVINGS.  Framed  and  in  the  Portfolio,  the 
Property  of  an  OFFICER  in  the  ABMY.  of  the  late  Dr  EDWARD 
KIG11Y.  of  Norwich,  and  other  Private  Collectors,  and  comr.' 
Fancv  Subjects  after  Masters  of  the  English  School,  some  finely  printed 
in  Colours— Portraits  after  Sir  J.  Revnolds.  R  Cosway.  G  Romney.and 
others  including  Mrs  Musters,  hi  )  Walker,  after  G  Romoey— Mrs 
Fitzherbert.  after  Cosway— '  What  You  Will,'  by  JR.  Smith— •  Thoughts 
on  Matrimony,'  by  W   Ward.  Ac. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  may  be  had. 

MOSDA  Y  AEXT. 

A  Choice  Collection  of  Curiosities  just  over  from  Xeic  Guinea  : 
Animal  Skins  and  Horns  from  India  and  other  Parts;  Anti- 
quities :  China :  liron:es';  Prints ;  Postage  Stamps ;  and  a 
General  Collection  of  Natural  History  Specimens,  .\c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will   SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  S8.  King-street.  Covent-garden. 
on  MONDAY  NEXT,  March  ill.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  the  Saturday  prior  12  till  3  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Cata- 
logues had. 

FRIDA  Y  SEXT. 

hOO  Lots  of  Photographic  Apparatus,   Scientific   Instruments, 

and  Miscellaneous  Property,  from  Private  Sources. 

AT R.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL   the  above  by 

ItJl     AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King-street.  Covent-gardea. 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  April  t,  at  half-past  12o  clock,  precisely 

On  view  the  dav  prior  2  till  5  and  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues 
had. 


16,  PALL  MALL  EAST,  S.W. 


Miscellaneous  Books,  being  a  Portion  of  the  well-selected  Stock 
of  Messrs.  HILL  A  HON,  of  Xo.  1,  Holy  well-street,  II'.C 
fin  conser/Kcnce  of  the  death  of  the  Senior  Partner). 

MESSRS.  HODGSON  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Rooms.  US.  Chancery-lane  W.C.  on  WEDNFSDA". 
March  .11  and  Two  Following  I»vs.  at  1  o'clock,  a  PORTION  of  the 
well  -selected  STOCK  of  MIS  III  U1BOU8  BOOKS  of  Messrs  HILL  A 
SON  ol  No  1  Ilolv«cllstr.-i  I  \V  t.  comprising  Caricatures  by  A 
Rowlandaon,  Gillrav.  Ac -Singers  riaymif  fardg-Otlley'a  Engraving 
and  Printing,  i  vols.-Cnullicld  and  Richardson's  Portraits—  Helner- 
Altoneck.  rosiun.s  au  Moyen  Age.  3  vols—  Archalca  ct  Heliconia, 
.',  vols  Camden's  Britannia  1  vols  —Burton's  Monasticon  ol  Yorkshire 
-  ixiil.iifni.  Hlstolre  Naturrllc.  Hi  vols  —  cavendish  S.viety.  30  vols.— 
Bra) ley  and  llruton's  Surrey.  5  vols —Bacon's  Works.  IT  vols-lh- 
Fullers  Works,  s  vols .—  Montalemhert  s  Monks  ol  the  We«t.  7  vols  — 
Dlbdinl  lour  in  Fiance  and  Germany.  Ac  .  7  vols  —Books  ol  American 
Travel— scon ish  History  and  Poetry— Haya  by  the  Old  Drama: 
Novels  by  Dickens.  Thackeray.  &c  -Irving  s  Works.  27  vols  —  Ains- 
ni.nl:.  Slaga/inc  1842-09  Gentleman  s  Mrurazine.  1731  to  lr»—  Black- 
woo.1  s  ktacaalne,  1-.1 7  to  I8W  Pickerings  Aldine  Poets,  Ac  ,  63  vols.— 
and  other  iiitcrcstlni.-  Books  of  all  1  'la-  - 

To  be  vicwetl,  and  Catalogues  had 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


399 


MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  the  SALE  of  the  COLLECTION  of 
LANUSEER  ENGRAVINGS  of  Sir  HUMPHREY  DE  TRAFFORD, 
Bart.,  advertised  for  MONDAY,  March  29,  and  Following  Day,  will 
NOT  take  place. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  hold  the  following 
SALES  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's- 
square.  the  Sales  commencing  at  1  o'clock  precisely  :— 

On  MONDAY,  March  29,  COLLECTION  of  OLD 

CHINESE  and  JAPANESE  BRONZES  and  CHINA,  the  Property  of  a 
GENTLEMAN,  collected  in  the  East;  also  JAPANESE  OBJECTS  of 
ART,  the  Property  of  a  LADY'. 

On    TUESDAY,    March    30,    ENGRAVINGS  of 

the  EARLY  ENGLISH  SCHOOL. 

On   WEDNESDAY,   March   31,    and    Following 

Day,  the  CELLAR  of  WINES  at  Easton  Park,  the  Property  of  the  late 
DUKE  of  HAMILTON,  K.T. 

On    THURSDAY,    April    1,    the    CONDOVER 

HALL  LIBRARY  of  the  late  REGINALD  CHOLMONDELEY,  Esq. 

On    FRIDAY,    April    2,    OLD    CHINESE 

PORCELAIN. 

On  SATURDAY,   April   3,  the  WORKS  of  the 

late  HAMILTON"  MACALLUM,  R  W.S.  R.I. 

On   MONDAY,   April  5,  the   COLLECTION   of 

ANCIENT  and  MODERN  PICTURES  of  the  late  MICHAEL  ABRA- 
HAMS, Esq. 

On  THURSDAY,  April  8,  Valuable  CASKET  of 

JEWELS,  the  Property  of  Miss  ELLEN  FARREN,  the  accomplished 
and  popular  Actress. 

On  FRIDAY,  April  9,  the  COLLECTION  of  OLD 

NANKIN  PORCELAIN  of  the  late  GEORGE  JAMES,  Esq. 

On  SATURDAY,  April  10,  the  GEORGE  JAMES 

COLLECTION  of  High-Class  MODERN  PICTURES  and  WATER- 
COLOUR  DRAWINGS. 

THE  PENDER  COLLECTION. 

MESSRS.  CHRISTIE,  MANSON  &  WOODS 
respectfully  give  notice  that  they  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Great  Rooms,  King-street,  St.  James's-square,  on  SATURDAY', 
May  29,  and  MONDAY.  May  31,  and  Following  Day.  at  1  o'clock,  pre- 
cisely, the  very  extensive  and  valuable  COLLECTION  of  PICTURES 
formed  by  that  well  -  known  Amateur  Sir  JOHN  PENDER,  MP. 
K  C.M.G.,  deceased,  late  of  Arlington-street  and  Footscray-place,  com- 
prising upwards  of  400  Ancient  and  Modern  Pictures  and  Water-Colour 
Drawings,  including  the  Celebrated  Engraved  Chef-d'CEuvre  of  J.  M.  W. 
Turner  of  Mercury  and  Herse,  and  many  other  Masterpieces  of  the 
British  and  Continental  Schools. 

Illustrated   Catalogues  will   be   ready   shortly,    price   One   Guinea. 
Further  notice  will  be  given. 

THURSDAY  AND  FRIDA  Y  NEXT. 
WATER-COLOUR  DRAWINGS,  Old  and  Modern— famous  old  Mezzo- 
tint Engravings— rare  Sixteenth  Century  Engravings  — old  Print 
Collections  after  Great  Masters— celebrated  Books  of  Engravings- 
rare  old  Library  Case  Maps— old  Framed  Engravings  after  Great 
Masters— old  Crayon  Drawings— old  Sporting  Prints  and  Drawings 
—fine  Gallery  Painting  by  Stevens  — Scene  from  'Mazeppa,'  by 
Richter— Scene  from  'Macbeth,' by  Zuccarelli— English  Coronation 
Tickets  and  Prints — Ancient  Deeds— a  few  Postage  Stamps— Early 
Newspaper  Duty  Stamps,  very  fine— old  Theatrical  Water-Colour 
Drawings  and  Early  Play-Bills— very  old  Grouped  Views  of  Cele- 
brated Places,  including  Constantinople  —  Memorial  Mugs  —  old 
Coloured  Ergravings— large  old  Historic  Engravings— old  Royal 
Pedigree  China— old  Print  Collections  on  various  subjects— large 
Views  by  Rossini— celebrated  Rartolozzi  Portraits,  Landscapes,  and 
Ovals— Full  Sets  by  Hogarth  —  Portraits  -Lord  Nelson  and  Wel- 
lington—Print Collections— Royal  Naval  Exhibition  Portraits  and 
Items— Original  Letters  of  Famous  Persons— Early  Royal  Academy 
Catalogues— old  Music -Early  Failway  Books,  Prints,  and  Maps- 
Topographical  Books  — Paintings  by  T.  Richards  — Early  Italian 
Paintings-old  Spanish  MS— old  Prints  of  and  relating  to  Her 
Majesty  the  Queen,  her  Reign,  Foreign  Connexions,  Family,  Court, 
Ancestry,  Relations,  and  Heraldry— Pedigree— Personal  Relics  of 
General  Gordon,  Napoleon  I.,  and  George  III— rare  Books  with 
Early  Portraits  of  Queen  Victoria  after  Ross  and  others  of  note- 
old  Historic  Newspapers. 

MR.    JOHN    PARNELL,    Literary    and    Art 
Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  House 
12,  Rockley-road.  Shepherd's  Bush-green.  London,  W.,  on  THURSDAY 
and  FRIDAY  NEXT,  April  1  and  2,  atl  o'clock  each  day. 
On  view  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  next. 

As  nearly  all  the  500  copies  of  the  Catalogue  have  been  posted  very 
few  copies  are  now  in  hand. 

Musical  Instruments  and  Music. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square  WO  on 
TI  ESDAY.  March  30.  at  halfpa*t  12  o'clock  preciselv.  GKAN1)  and 
COTTAGE  PIANOFORTF-S-AmericanOrgans-a  very  fine  Organ  Caso 
—Doable-action  Harps— Violins,  Violas.  Violoncellos,  and  llnuMr 
Basses.  Including  the  Collections  of  the  late  WILLIAM  HENRY 
EDWARDS.  Esq  ,  and  THOMAS  IIAKF.H.  Esq  (sold  by  order  of  the 
Exccutors)~a  large  quantity  of  Banjos.  Mandolines,  and  Guitars-llrass 
and  Wood  Wind  Instruments;  also  a  Library  of  Music  collected 
daring  the  past  twenty-live  years  by  an  Amateur,  consisting  prin- 
cipally of  Duets,  Trios,  Quartets,  and  Quintets  for  8trings  and  Piano- 
forte. 

Catalogues  on  application. 

Valuable  Engravings. 

-\TESSRS.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON   will    SELL 

i  ,, Ti  ity  AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47.  Lelcestersqnarc.  W.O.,  on 
t  L'li.Yv,  Ap  '"'  at  t*n  mmut«"  Pas'  1  o'clock  precisely,  valuable 
r..N(iKA\  IM,S,  many  being  printed  in  Colours,  Including  a  choice  <  !ol 
lection  of  Portraits  (by  order  of  a  connexion  of  the  <  oswaj  Farnlll  . 
together  with  Mezzotint  Portraits,  Miniatures,  and  a  few  Water-Colour 
Drawings 

On  view  two  days  prior.    Catalogues  on  application. 
Postage  .Stamps. 

Af ESSRS.  PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON   will    SELL 

invii!>£\U<?TV,N'.a,t.  ;!,elr  Hn™,  *7'   Leicester  square,  W.C..  on 
i^£  iVi.it i\fw    .',,'.!'; I   ''J!  """I"  ,>aT,  «  half.past  .',  o'clock   P, 
Rare  HRiriMl,  FOREIGN,  and  COLONIAL  POSTAGE  M  \Mi 

Catalogues  on  application. 


Collection  of  Er-Libris  and  Armorial  China 

M^^Z0'/;™*.. &   BIMP80N    will    SELL 


It  eniliv    »™ri  «  I...  ""u»e.  Si.    l-circ.ter  square,    WC,    or 

f   t  \PV  imiL'""  """Tr  P"?  '  "'""»  pwcfaely. a  COLLBC 
/.™vL°   «^  ■  l'0,n,,Prl"lni<  Examples  In  the  Kaiiy  English 

Jacobean,  Chippendale,  and  ftttWIOirl  Btjlie,  many  of  which  arc  dated 
Catalogues  on  receipt  of  three  stamps 


M 


Miscellaneous  Property. 
ESSRS.   PUTTICK    &    SIMPSON  will   SELL 

by  AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47,  Leicester-square,  W.C.,  on 
TUESDAY.  April  13,  at  ten  minutes  past  1  o'clock  precisely,  the 
SECOND  PORTION  of  MISCELLANEOUS  PROPERTY  and  ANTIQUE 
FURNITURE  formed  by  the  late  E.  P.  LOFTUS  BROCK,  Esq.,  F.S  A. 
(by  order  of  the  Executors). 

Catalogues  in  preparation. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  House.  47.  Leicester-square,  W.C..  during 
APRIL,  PORTIONS  of  the  LIBRARY  formed  by  the  late  Sir  TRAVERS 
TWISS,   Kt ,  the  late  E.  P.  LOFTUS  BROCK,  Esq.,  F.S  A,  &c,  com- 
prisi'  g  English  and  Foreign  Books  in  all  Branches  of  Literature. 
Catalogues  in  preparation. 

PARIS. — Sale  on  account  of  decease. — The 
COLLECTION  of  M.  HARO,  Senior,  comprising  Old  and 
Modern  Paintings— Water  Colours,  Drawings,  and  Pastels  by  Greuze, 
Hubert  Robert,  Memling,  Rembrandt,  &c,  and  bv  Carolus  Duran, 
Courbet,  Delacroix,  Domingo,  Ingres,  Henri  Regnault,  Robert  Fleury, 
&c  ,  Furniture,  and  Objects  of  Art.  at  the  HOTEL  DROUOT,  Room 
No  6,  on  FKID  * Y,  April  2.  and  SATURDAY,  April  3, 1897,  at  2  r  m 

On  view  :  Private,  Wednesday,  March  31 ;  Public,  Thursday,  April  1, 
from  1  30  p.m.  to  5  30  p.m. 

Auctioneer:  Maitre  G.  DUCHESNE.  6.  Rue  de  Hanovre  Experts: 
Paintings.  M.  Henri  Haro.  14.  Rue  Visconti  and  20.  Rue  Bonaparte ; 
Objects  of  Art,  M.  Arthur  Bloche,  28,  Rue  de  Chateaudun,  Paris. 


R 


Z       E 


E      S. 


THREE  PRIZES  of  501.,  25/.,  and  20/.  are  OFFERED  FOR  COM- 
PETITION.—Full  particulars,  length  of  Tales,  4c.,  will  be  given  in 
THE  NEW  S  for  March  26  and  April  2,  a  copy  of  which  will  be  sent  on 
application  to  The  Pcblisheb,  Home  Words  Office,  7,  Paternoster- 
square,  E.C. 

BLACKWOOD'S  MAGAZINE. 

No.  978.    APRIL,  1897.    2s  6o\ 
RECENT  BOOKS— FRENCH  and  ENGLISH. 
A  CITY  of  MANY  WATERS.     By  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  M.P. 
The  PRISONS  of  SIBERIA.     I.  ON  the  MARCH.    By  J.  Y.  Simpson. 
DARIEL  :  a  Romance  of  Surrey.     By  R.  D.  Blackmore.    Chaps.  25-30. 
HOW  the  FAMINE  CAME  to  BURMA.    By  H.  Fielding. 
CONCERNING  BILLIARDS.    By  Major  W.  Broadfoot. 
The  BLUE  JAR.    By  H.  Garton  Sargent. 

EVOLUTION  and  the  AMATEUR  NATURALIST.     By  Louis  Robin- 
son, M.D. 

The  NAVY  ESTIMATES. 
RECOLLECTIONS  of  an  IRISH  HOME. 

ANOTHER    YEAR'S    PROGRESS    in    EGYPT  —  LORD   CROMER'S 
REPORT. 

William  Blackwood  4  Sons,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


THE      FORTNIGHTLY     REVIEW. 

X.  Edited  by  W.  L.  COURTNEY. 

APRIL. 
OLGA  NOVIKOFF  (O.  K.).— Russia  and  the  Rediscovery  of  Europe. 
LAURIE  MAGNUS— A  German  Poet  of  Revolt. 
H.  D.  TRAILL.— Our  Learned  Philhellenes. 
Major  A.  GRIFFITHS— After  Khartoum. 
VIRGINIA  M.  CRAWFORD— Feminism  in  France. 
Rev.  Canon  MALCOLM  MacCOLL— Crete,  an  Object  Lesson. 
WILLIAM  E.  BEAR.— Market  Wrecking. 
EDWARD  SALMON  —1497-1897  :  East  and  West. 
NICHOLAS   SY'NNOTT.  —  Dangers  to    British    Sea-Power   under   the 

Present  Rules  of  Naval  Warfare. 
Judge  O'CONNOR  MORRIS— The  Financial  Relations  between  Great 

Britain  and  Ireland. 
Rev.  R.  F.  HORTON,  D.D  —The  Free  Church  in  England. 
Sir    GEORGE    BADEN-POWELL,    KC.M.G.    LL.D.    M.P.  —  "Candia 

Rediviva. " 

Rev.  W.  GRE8\VELL— Federalism  in  South  Africa. 

C.    D.    BAY'NES,    Editor  of   the  Standard  and    Diggers'    Xeics—  Cecil 
Rhodes. 


pHAPMAN'S        MAGAZINE, 

V7  Edited  by  OSWALD  CRAWFURD, 

APRIL, 
PRICE   SIXPENCE, 

CONTAINS : 

VIOLET  HUNT'S  New  Novel,  entitled  UNKIST,  UNKIND!    (Serial.) 
And  EIGHT|COMPLKTE  STORIES  by 
ROGER   POCOCK.   Mrs.  ERNEST    LEVERSON,    WINIFRED   GRA- 
HAM, BULKELEY  CRESWELL,   FRED.  E.  WYNNE,   ELLA  MERI- 
VALE,  BEATRICE  HERON-MAXWELL,  W.  L.  ALDEN. 
Chapman  4  Hall,  Limited,  London. 

"The  representative  of  advanced  science."— Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

SCIENCE    PROGRESS  :    a  Quarterly  Review   of 

KJ     Current    Scientific    Investigation.      Edited    by    J.    BRETLAND 

FARMER,  MA,  with  the  Co-operation  of  a  powerful  Editorial  Com- 
mittee Contents  of  APRIL  \umlier. 

On  the  Physiology  of  Reproduction  in  Plants  By  H.  Marshall  Ward, 
I  ».8C   F  It  S  .  Professor  of  Ilotany  in  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

Condensation  and  Critical  Phenomena  II.  By  J  P,  Kuenen,  Ph.D., 
Professor  of  Physics  in  University  College.  Dundee. 

A  Remarkable  Anticipation  of  Modern  Views  on  Evolution.  By  E.  B. 
Poulton,  MA.  F.K.S.,  Hope  Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University 
of  oxford. 

The  Diseases  of  the  Sugar  Cane  lly  C  A.  Barber,  MA,  late  Super- 
intendent of  Agriculture  m  the  I.cuanl  Isles. 

Wind  Scorpions— A  Brief  Account  of  the  Galeodida?.  By  H.  M. 
Bernard,  M  a. 

The  Cell-Membrane  By  .1  Reynolds-Green,  So.D  I"  R  s  .  Professor  of 
ltotany  to  the  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Oreat  Britain. 

The  Coagulation  of  the  Blood  III.  Hy  W  I)  Halliburton,  Ml). 
I    1!  s     ProfOMOr  "I  Physiology  In  King's  College.  London 

On  the  Relation  between  the  Form  an  i  the  Hetnbofum  of  the  cell.  By- 
Max  Verworn.Ph  I).,  Professor  of  Physiology  in  the  Ontrereit]  of 
Jena. 

Appendix.— Reviews  ol  Hooks 

PrlceSj   iOr3       <   post  free    Subscription,  10«.  GVf  pcrannum  post  free 
Vols    I  .  II      111     IV    nn.l  \      in  handsome  cloth  binding,  gilt  lettered. 

each  containing  over  500  pp  price  Ifi  .  each 
London      The  Bdentlno  Preit,    Limited,  28  and 

street,  Strand,  W  C 

T^HE    "UGLTKICATION"    of    LONDON;    also 
I      Account   of  the    Building  Tradei   inhibition.    Vten    In    Ubl 
Cathedral;  "Eighteenth  Denton   w.ok      View  of  Veraalllei  in  eigh- 
teenth century  .  Dlmenaloni  ot  BnglUh  nnd  French  Cathedral!,  4c. 

DM  HI   1I.DF.H  of  Mairh  .T     I  /    .   M   DOC!     . 
Publisher  of  the  Iluilde, .  40.  Catherine-street,  London,  W  C. 


Southampton- 


NOW     READY. 
Price  3s.  6d.  net. 

WHO'S    WHO, 

1897. 

FORTY-NINTH  YEAR  OF  ISSUE 

(Entirely  Re-modelled). 

EDITED   BY 

DOUGLAS   SLADEN. 

Contains  nearly  6,000  Biographies 

— mostly  Autobiographies — 
of  the  Leading  Men  and  Women 

of  the  Day, 

besides  being  a  Complete  Peerage, 

Baronetage,  Knightage,  &c. 


CONTENTS  IN  BRIEF. 

PART  I.  Tables  of  Peers,  Baronets, 
Knights,  Members  of  Parliament, 
and  many  other  Tables  of  a  similarly 
useful  nature. 

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mostly  Autobiographies  —  of  the 
Eminent  Men  and  Women  of  the 
Day. 

PART  III.  Lords,  Ladies,  and  Honour- 
ables. 

COMPLETE    IN    ONE    VOLUME. 

In  crown  8vo.  832  pp.  bound  in  cloth  gilt, 
with  gilt  edges  and  rounded  corners. 

Price  3s.  6d.  net. 


London  :  A.  k  C.  BLACK,  Sobo-squarc. 


.{(Ml 


Til  E     A  T  II  KNjEUM 


X  8622,  March  27,  '97 


GEORGE  PHILIP  &  SONS 
NEW   ATLASES. 


PHILIPS 

NEW  HANDY  GENERAL 

ATLAS     OF     THE     WORLD. 

•  q talcing  120  pages  of  Coloured  Maps  and  Plans, 
dealing  exhaustively  with  Physical,  Political, 
ami  Commercial  Geography,  with  an  Index 
of  over  100,000  Names. 

I  I'M  1  I>   BT 

GEORGE    PHILIP,    Jan.,   F.B.G.& 

Size,  15  by  12  inches.     Weight,  9  lb. 

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Full  bound  morocco,  gilt  edges,  £2  12s.  6d. 

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Detailed  Prospectus  on  application. 

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PHILIPS'    READY    REFERENCE 

ATLAS  of  the  WORLD.     With  a   Statistical  Survey  of 

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of   Letterpress,   and    an   Index   of    over  20,000   Names. 

Edited  by  B.  O.  RAVENSTEIN,  F.R.G.S.,  Hon.  Fellow 

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PHILIPS'  HANDY  VOLUME  ATLAS 

of  the  WORLD.  An  entirely  New  and  Enlarged  Edition, 
containing   72  entirely  New  Maps,    75   Pages   of   Com- 
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die  compass  of  a  volume  hardly  larger  than  an  ordinary 
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fail  to  commend  itself  to  the  English  public" 


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BRITISH    EAST    AFRICA.  1801-1891     An   Account  of 
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boards,  Is. 
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HABIT  and  INSTINCT :  a  Study  in 

Heredity.     Hy   Ptof.  C.  LLOYD  MORGAN.  Author  of 
'Animal  Life  and  Intelligence.'    Based  on  the  Author's 
'Lowell  Lectures'  in  1896-98.     Demy  Bwo.  ltv«. 
Times.—"  A  valuable  book  on  a  fascinating  subject." 


SIR  ALFRED  MILNERS  STANDARD  WORK. 

ENGLAND    in   EGYPT.    By  Sir 

ALFRED  MILNEli.  K.C.B..  Governor Ot  Cape  Colony. 
and  Hhrfa  Commissioner  to  South  Africa.  Popular  Edi- 
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London:  EDWARD  ARNOLD,  37,  Bedford-street. 
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N°  3622,  Maech  27,  '97 


THE    ATHENAEUM 


401 


SIX  COLOURED  PLATES.  EVERY  TUESDAY,  ONE  SHILLING. 

In  medium  8vo.  with  about  700  pages  of  Descriptive  Letterpress,  Index  Matter,  &c,  and  316  FuM-Page  Plates,  beautifully  printed  in  Colours. 

TO    BE    COMPLETED    IN    FIFTY-TWO    WEEKLY    NUMBERS. 

FAVOURITE    FLOWERS    OF    GARDEN    AND    GREENHOUSE. 

By  EDWARD  STEP,  F.L.S. 

The  Cultural  Directions  Edited  by  WILLIAM  WATSON,  F.R.H.S.,  Assistant  Curator,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

The  names  of  the  editors  will  be  sufficient  guarantee  that  the  work  will  be  scientifically  accurate,  although  distinctly  popular  in  treatment.  Examples 
of  all  the  great  leading  groups  of  flowers  will  be  included,  and  a  brief  list  given  of  the  principal  varieties  reproduced  from  these,  with  their  distinct 
CHARACTERISTICS,  COLOURATION,  HARDINESS,  SIZE  of  BLOOM,  FLOWERING  TIME,  HABITS,  &c.  With  the  principal  genera  the 
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N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE    ATHEN^UM 


403 


PUBLISHED   BYJIR^T^ISHBR    UNWIN. 

OLIVE    SCHREINER'S    NEW    NOVEL. 


TROOPER   PETER 


HALKET 

OF     MASHON  ALAND. 


OPINIONS. 


PRESS 
The  ATHEN^IUM. 

"  Mrs  Schreiner  bas  achieved  a  remarkable  literary  success.  '  Trooper  Peter 
Halkef  does  not  compete  with  '  The  Story  of  an  African  Farm,'  either  as  a  narrative  or 
as  a  study  of  characters,  but  it  is,  inour  opinion,  superior  in  workmanship... ...It  is  a  well- 
sustained  and  eloquent  parable,  and  several  of  the  minor  parables  contained  in  it  are 

told  with  rare  grace  of  style  and  vigour  of  expression It  is  a  book  as  conspicuous  for 

its  dramatic  force  and  artistic  construction  as  for  the  impressive  moral  it  is  intended  to 
convey." 

The  SPEAKER. 

"There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  remarkable  literary  merits  of  'Trooper  Peter 
Halket.'  Not  even  in  '  A  South  African  Farm 'is  the  exquisite  skill  and  delicacy  of 
Olive  Schreiner's  art  displayed  more  conspicuously  than  in  these  pages.  There  are 
some  passages  in  the  book  which  one  reads  with  a  sudden  thrill  of  wonder  and  surprise, 
such  as  thrills  the  mind  at  first  sight  of  some  scene  of  natural  beauty  the  existence  of 

which  had  been  undreamed  of We  have  not  referred  to  the  most  remarkable  feature 

of  this  very  remarkable  book  — the  introduction  into  it  of  our  Lord.  With  such 
wonderful  skill  and  delicacy  does  Olive  Schreiner  perform  her  task,  that  before  it  is 
finished  she  reconciles  her  readers  to  her  audacity,  and  leaves  them  completely  under 
the  spell  of  her  enchantment." 

The  ACADEMY. 

"This  book,  in  its  directness,  its  actuality,  its  intention  of  personal  invective,  is 
strikingly  different  from  anything  else  Olive  Schreiner  has  done It  is  an  extra- 
ordinarily powerful  bit  of  writing The  conclusion  is  vigorously  and  pointedly  told 

The  book  breathes  a  spirit  of  humanity,  of  sincerity,  of  unfaltering  righteousness,  which 
is  rare  enough  in  contemporary  literature." 

The  PALL  MALL  GAZETTE. 

"  There  is  no  need  to  say  that  it  is  well  and  impressively  written ;  that  the  story  of 
Peter's  life  is  sketched  for  us  by  himself  only  as  a  true  artist  could  do  it.  The  book  is  full 
of  passionate  eloquence  and  entreaty." 

The  DAILY  NEWS. 

"  The  story  is  one  that  is  certain  to  be  widely  read,  and  it  is  well  that  it  should  be 
so,  especially  at  this  moment ;  it  grips  the  heart  and  haunts  the  imagination.  To  have 
written  such  a  book  is  to  render  a  supreme  service,  for  it  is  as  well  to  know  what  the 
rough  work  means  of  subjugating  inferior  races." 

The  DAILY  CHRONICLE. 

"  We  advise  our  readers  to  purchase  and  read  Olive  Schreiner's  new  book,  '  Trooper 
Peter  Halket  of  Mashonaland.'  Miss  Schreiner  is  one  of  the  few  magicians  of  modern 
English  literature,  and  she  has  used  the  great  moral  as  well  as  the  great  literary  force  of 
her  style  to  great  effect." 


With  Photogravure  Frontispiece,  cloth,  6s. 

CLERICAL    OPINIONS. 
Rev.  Prof.  MARCUS  DODS. 

To  my  mind  the  book  is  a  great  and  noble  one,  in  sincerity  and  passion  striking 


a  new  note  in  literature.  Its  genius  will  open  a  way  for  it  into  the  proper  quarters,  and 
wherever  it  is  read  it  must  do  good." 

Rev.  W.  J.  DAWSON. 

"  It  is  Olive  Schreiner's— and  that  is  to  say  that  it  is  a  work  of  genius.    No  other 

writer  of  our  time  possesses  the  same  fervour  and  intensity  of  religious  imagination 

I  can  conceive  that  some  readers  will  regard  this  book  as  repulsive  and  even 
blasphemous.  For  me  it  is  redeemed  by  its  manifest  sincerity,  its  passionate  conviction, 
its  prophetic  quality." 

Rev.  GEORGE  F.  PENTECOST,  D.D. 

"Olive  Schreiner's  'Peter  Halket '  is  a  most  powerful  expose  and  indictment.    It 

must  produce  a  great  conviction.     I  rank  it  with  '  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.' I  hope  this 

remarkable  book  will  be  read  by  a  million  of^  Her  Majesty's  subjects  before  the  glory 
of  the  sixty  years'  reign  is  celebrated  in  June." 

Rev.  ALEXANDER  WHYTE,  D.D. 

"There  cannot  be  two  opinions  as  to  the  genius  and  the  heart  of  the  writer  if 
'  Peter  Halket.' It  is  a  noble  book." 

Rev.  MARK  GUY  PEARSE. 

"I  finished  the  book  feeling  that  I  had  listened  to  the  voice  of  a  true  prophetof 
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Rev.  CHARLES  A.  BERRY,  D.D. 

"I  have  read  'Trooper  Peter  Halket  of  Mashonaland'  with  great  care  and  in- 
terest  The  moral  force  of  the  book  is  greatly  increased  by  the  evident  restraint  of  the 

writer The  book  is  not  so  much  a  story  as  a  profound  and  sustained  religious  appeal. 

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Translated 


MADAME  SANS-GENE.     By  Edmond  Lepelletier. 

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I    <      I        I     I     t  U  ..     1       .  .  1. 1 Ill 1 1....  A       11  \t  t  \    \    I  4     I  ■  I  I  1/  _    I    I."  I  \      _■ 


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THE    ATHEN^UM 


407 


SATURDAY,  MARCH  27,  1897. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Prof.  Max  Muller's  Contributions  to  Mythology    407 

Mr.  Carman's  Poems 408 

The  Philosophy  of  Theism  408 

The  Municipal  Life  of  Glasgow         410 

A  Memoir  of  Dr.  Harper 410 

A  French  Traveller  on  Timbuctoo     411 

New  Novels  (A  Matter  of  Temperament ;  Sebastiani's 

Secret ;   Hilda  Strafford  ;    A  Pinchbeck  Goddess  ; 

All  in  All;  Margot ;  A  Devotee;   The  Dunthorpes 

of  Westleigh ;  Partie  du  Pied  Gauche)         ...      412-413 

English  Philology    413 

Our  Library  Table— List  of  New  Books  ...  414—415 
Two    Prothalamia;     The    Destruction    of     the 

Spanish  Armada  ;  The  Rev.  William  Fulford  ; 

The    Spring    Publishing     Season  ;     '  English 

Schools     at     the     Reformation';     Tennyson 

Bibliography       415—417 

Literary  Gossip         418 

Science  —  Botanical    Literature;     M.    Antoine 

d'Abbadie;  Societies;  Meetings;  Gossip  419—421 
Fine  Arts— Gardner  on  Greek  Sculpture;  Sales; 

Gossip  421—423 

Music— The  Week;    Gossip;   Performances   Next 

Week 423—424 


LITERATURE 


Contributions  to  the  Science  of  Mythology .     By 

the   Eight   Hon.    Prof.   F.  Max   Miiller. 

2  vols.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
Reviewing  last  year  the  new  edition  of 
'  Chips  from  a  German  Workshop,'  vol.  iv., 
we  commented  upon  the  author's  failure  to 
take  note  of  anthropological  and  mytho- 
logical research  during  the  past  quarter  of 
a  century,  and  thereby  to  bring  his  earlier 
speculations  into  touch  with  modern  scholar- 
ship. Prof.  Max  Miiller  demurred  to  this 
criticism  on  the  ground  that  he  was  "  work- 
ing at  a  very  big  book  on  comparative 
mythology,"  the  natural  inference  being  that 
he  would  therein  restate  the  theories  asso- 
ciated with  his  name  in  the  light  of  recent 
investigation  and  speculation. 

The  "  big  book  "  has  appeared,  but,  alas  ! 
instead  of  the  systematic  treatise  we  had 
hoped  for,  we  have  only  "contributions" — 
contributions  which  add  little  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  theories  previously  advanced 
by  the  author  and  his  disciples,  and  still  less 
to  their  defence.  No  orderly  statement  of 
rival  theories  is  attempted ;  their  bearing 
upon  the  author's  views  is  not  discussed 
definitely  ;  no  endeavour  is  made  to  frame  a 
coherent  scheme  of  mythological  evolution 
based  upon  all  the  facts  which  research  has 
brought  to  light,  and  taking  account  of  all 
the  hypotheses  by  which  scholarship  has 
essayed  to  explain  those  facts. 

It  may  seem  inconsistent  after  this  to  com- 
plain of  the  excess  of  the  polemical  element 
which  unduly  swells  the  bulk  of  Prof.  Max 
Midler's  new  work.  But  the  inconsistency 
is  only  apparent.  Largo  as  is  the  space 
occupied  by  these  polemics,  they  are  in- 
effectual because  nowhero  definite  in  aim  or 
precise  in  method,  whilst  they  constantly 
irritate  by  insistence  upon  secondary  or 
irrelevant  points.  Prof.  Oldenberg's  views 
on  certain  points  of  Vedic  religion  are, 
naturally  enough,  vigorously  combated,  but 
was  it  worth  while  to  rate  the  Athenawm 
rei  iewer  for  demurring  to  the  author's  claim 
that  Prof.  Oldonberg  belongs  to  tho  samo 
school  of  myth  interpretation  as  himself? 
This  claim,  advanced  afresh  in  this  work,  is 

theroTOof  of  the  author's  misapprehen- 
sion of  his  adversaries'  position  and  of  tho 


criticism   directed   against  his   own,  which 
vitiates  the  whole  of  the  polemical  argu- 
ment.    His   own  words   are   conclusive  on 
this  point:    "We  know  with  perfect  cer- 
tainty that   in   their   first   apparition   they 
[the  gods]  were  simply  the  agents  postu- 
lated as  behind  the  most  striking  phenomena 
of  nature.     Whoever  holds  that  opinion  is 
on  our  side,  however  much  he  may  differ 
on  minor  points."     Now  opinion  concerning 
the  ultimate  origin  and  nature  of  the  god  is 
one  thing  ;  opinion  as  to  how  the  god  concep- 
tion was  embodied  in  myth  is  another.    It  is 
possible  to  share  the  author's  view  of  the  god 
as,  ultimately,  an  agent  postulated  behind  a 
striking  phenomenon  of  nature,  and  yet  to 
differ  from  him  altogether  concerning  the 
evolution  of  the  god  embodied  historically 
in   myth   and    rite.     And,    as   we   insisted 
when    reviewing   vol.  iv.   of    '  Chips,'    the 
problem  of  evolution  is  of  infinitely  more 
import  to  the  student  than  that  of  origin, 
or,  rather,  if  he  has  solved  the  one  he  is 
practically  master  of  the  other.     We  have 
criticized  Prof.  Max  Miiller  not  because  he 
advocates  certain  views  as  to  the  original 
significance  of  Zeus  or  Apollo,  but  because 
he  explains  the  stories  connected  with  these 
gods  in  a   particular  way.     To  show  that 
his   explanation    is   wrong   may,   possibly, 
affect  his  theory  of  origins   adversely,  but 
it  need  not  do  so  necessarily,  and  in  many 
cases  we  hold  that  it  does  not. 

What,  then,  is  Prof.  Max  Midler's  ex- 
planation of  mythology,  i.  e.,  of  the  mass  of 
stories  and  rites  associated  with  gods  and 
kindred  beings  ?  The  familiar  one  that  it  is 
the  product  of  a  disease  of  language,  or, 
rather,  as  speech  depends  upon  thought, 
of  thought  itself.  Here,  again,  we  must 
quote  his  own  words  :  "  Was  the  mind  of 
man  really  so  constituted  that  it  could 
create  the  idea  of  gods  as  superhuman  and 
omnipotent  beings,  and  then  ascribe  to 
them  stories  such  as  are  ascribed  to  Zeus  ? 

We  may  admit  an  infantia  of  our  race, 

we  cannot  admit  a  period  of  dementia."  So 
to  relieve  our  forefathers  from  the  stigma  of 
dementia  we  must  needs  postulate  a  period 
of  universal  diseased  thought,  a  process 
perilously  akin  to  that  by  which  the  Irish 
snakes  saved  themselves  from  slaughter. 
For  the  "anthropological"  mythologist  the 
postulate  is,  of  course,  totally  unnecessary ; 
he  never  imagined  that  the  mind  of  man 
was  "really  so  constituted"  that  it 
elaborated  a  superhuman  and  omnipotent 
being  first  and  then  ascribed  to  him  foolish 
or  abominable  stories.  On  the  contrary, 
he  assumes  that  what  is  "foolish"  or 
"abominable"  (inconsistent,  that  is,  with 
tho  conception  of  superhuman  omnipotence) 
is  older,  not  younger,  than  that  conception. 
To  cite  one  instance,  the  story  of  a  virgin 
conceiving  through  the  medium  of  a  shower 
of  gold  may  offend  our  reason  or  our  sense 
of  the  decent ;  but,  as  Mr.  Hartland  has 
shown  in  the  '  Legend  of  Perseus,'  races  of 
men  from  all  parts  of  the  world  and  at  all 
stages  of  history  have  been  addicted  to 
practices  which  show  that  they  look  upon 
tho  natural  process  as  a  secondary,  not  to 
say  an  unessential,  element  of  conception. 
Prof.  Max  Miiller  would  hardly  attribute 
theso  practices  to  tho  prevalence  of  stories 
like  that  of  Zeus  and  Danae  ;  in  other 
words,  the  "  diseased  thought  "  explanation 
cannot  apply  to  them  ;  would  ho  then  hold 


that  the  races  in  question  are  living  in  a 
state  of  dementia  ? 

The  anthropologist  will  further  object 
that  the  use  of  words  like  dementia,  obscene, 
immoral,  &c,  is  wholly  out  of  place  in  dis- 
cussing the  beliefs  and  fancies  of  mankind 
at  an  early  stage  of  development.  Baby 
beats  the  naughty  chair  against  which  it 
has  hurt  itself  ;  the  fondest  mother  does  not 
suspect  dementia.  Baby  and  kitty  are  both 
liable  to  "misbehave  themselves,"  to  use 
the  maternal  euphemism ;  we  do  not  on  that 
account  tax  them  with  obscenity.  Kitty,  if 
she  is  to  develope  into  the  household  pet, 
has  to  be  taught  good  manners ;  we  are 
more  ambitious  for  baby,  who  will,  we 
hope,  attain  the  same  intellectual  and  moral 
level  as  ourselves  ;  but  before  that  happens 
baby  must,  if  a  boy  —  and  especially  a 
public  -  school  boy — pass  through  an  un- 
moral stage,  characterized  by  what  may 
be  called  the  Red  Indian  ideal  of  con- 
duct. The  wise  father  does  not  trouble 
himself  overmuch  during  this  trying  period, 
even  when  he  finds  the  boy's  masters 
dominated  by  much  the  same  ideal ;  he 
reflects,  if  he  reflects  at  all,  upon  the  world- 
wide moral  conservatism  of  sacerdotal 
classes.  So,  too,  the  ideal  of  godhead 
formed  during  the  boyhood  of  the  race 
neither  shocks  nor  surprises  the  anthro- 
pologist ;  least  of  all  does  he  marvel  because 
it  is  the  sacred  literature  of  all  races  which 
forms  the  happy  hunting-ground  for  stories 
such  as  distress  so  acutely  Plato  and  Prof. 
Max  Miiller. 

It  is  the  old  question :  Is  mythology,  in 
the  main,  a  record  of  man's  upward  pro- 
gress from  a  condition  to  which  existing 
savage  races  present  the  nearest  obtainable 
analogy,  or  has  it  arisen  during  a  period 
of  degeneration  from  a  loftier  intellectual 
and  moral  standard  ?  In  so  far  as  a 
particular  section  of  mythology  is  con- 
cerned Prof.  Max  Midler  holds  the  second 
view,  and  here  the  anthropological  school, 
for  the  most  part,  is  at  variance  with 
him.  This  fundamental  difference,  of  course, 
entails  divergence  of  method.  Prof.  Max 
Miiller  speaks  of  the  incidents  of  Greek 
mythology  as 

"  isolated  rocks  rising  from  a  large  field  covered 
with  snow,  the  accumulated  folk-lore  of  cen- 
turies which  hides  and  always  will  hide  from 
our  eyes  large  tracts  of  the  surrounding 
country." 

For    the   anthropologist    the    metaphor    is 
wholly  misleading ;    he   would   rather    de- 
scribe folk-lore  as  the  mould    from  which 
the  myth-tree  derives  substance  and  nourish- 
ment, and  which,  in    its   turn,  it  enriches 
with  shed   leaf  and   broken   branch.     The 
Perseus  legend  may  again  be  cited  against 
tho   author's  analogy.     Mr.  Hartland   has 
conclusively  shown  that  tho  classical  form 
of  the  story  has  entirely  lost  certain  features 
preserved    by  modern  folk-lore,   or  has  so 
minimized  them  that  in  tho  absence  of  the 
modorn  parallels  it  would  bo  impossiblo  to 
detect  their  true  character.     Woidd    Prof. 
Max  Miiller  describo  the  incomplete  classical 
version  as  the  emerging  mountain  top  alone 
worth}'  of  study,  and  the  completo  modorn 
versions  as  mero  accretions   of   concealing 
snow  P 

Wo  have  insisted  upon  fundamental  dif- 
ferences of  principle  and  method  between 
Prof.  Max  Miiller  and  ourselves;  we  gladly 


108 


T  II  E     AT  II  KNJET  M 


N  3622,  Mabch  27,  '97 


note  points  oi  agreement,  II"  combata — 
rightly,  aa  ire  think  the  olaim  for  oon- 
aiaerable  Semitic  influence  upon  (ireek 
mythology,  a  claim  which  Lta  Latest  advocate, 
W.  Victor  Berard,  has  fairly  reduced  »d 
ahsuiihim.  Again,  he  Btrongly  vindioatea 
the  importance  <>f  Vedio  mythology.  Vedio 
litoraturo  is  not  all  its  firat  investigators 
fondly  imagined,  but  thai  ia  no  reason  for 
denying,  aa  some  seem  inclined  to  do,  its 
great  age,  its  archaic  character,  the  weight 
attaching  to  it  in  any  general  attempt  at  re- 
constituting Aryan  mythology.  But  is  it  as 
early,  comparatively  speaking,  as  Prof.  Max 
Miillor  holds'.-'  lie  lays,  and  rightly  lays, 
the  utmost  stress  upon  the  equation 
Dyaush-pitar,  Zevs  varqp,  Ju-piter,  and 
upon  the  original  supremacy  of  Dyaush- 
pitar.  Is  it  not,  then,  significant  that, 
whilst  Greeks  and  l\oinans  have  retained 
him  at  the  head  of  their  pantheon,  tho 
Aryan  tribes  who  invaded  India  in  the 
second  millennium  before  Christ  have  dis- 
possessed him  in  favour  of  other  gods  such 
as  Indra  ?  To  raise  the  question  does  not 
imply  depreciation  of  the  Yedas,  but  it  does 
imply  doubt  as  to  their  great  superiority 
over  the  Greek  sources  for  the  purpose  of 
reconstructing  the  oldest  Aryan  mythology. 

Each  separate  "contribution"  of  Prof. 
Max  Muller's  would  yield  material  for 
lengthy  specialist  discussion.  It  has,  there- 
fore, seemed  advisable  to  restrict  this  notice 
to  the  broad  aspects  of  the  questions,  alike 
of  principle  and  method,  raised  by  the 
work.  Special  mention  is,  however,  due  to 
the  sections  devoted  to  Mordwinian  mytho- 
logy ;  the  sources  from  which  the  author 
draws  his  account  are  inaccessible  to  most 
English  readers,  and  the  mythology  itself, 
like  that  of  the  kindred  Finns,  is  full  of 
interest  and  charm. 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  first  volume 
deals  with  phonetic  problems.  The  author 
is  anxious  to  show  that  the  greater  latitude 
claimed  by  himself  and  other  philologists 
of  the  old  school  in  comparing  mythological 
names  is  free  from  ob  j  ection  either  in  principle 
or  in  practice.  He  certainly  succeeds,  where 
the  new  philologists  entirely  fail,  in  making 
the  layman  understand  phonetic  questions. 
But  the  principle  for  which  he  contends, 
viz.,  that  proper  names  in  general,  and 
mythological  names  in  particular,  are  not 
subject  to  the  same  strict  rules  of  phonetic 
modification  as  ordinary  words,  is  obviously 
capable  of  extension,  and  goes  far  to  reduce 
the  value  of  philological  as  compared  with 
historical  and  psychological  analysis  in  the 
study  of  mythology. 


Behind  the  Arras :  a  Book  of  the  Unseen.     By 
Bliss  Carman.     (Mathews.) 

Mr.  Carman  calls  his  last  book  a  book  of 
the  unseen,  and  thus  at  tho  outset  empha- 
sizes its  contrast  with  his  previous  books, 
which  were  very  definitely  books  of  things 
seen,  or  at  all  events  things  apprehended 
by  the  senses.  Tho  year  was  always  April 
to  him ;  he  was  generally  on  foot  upon  a 
great  highroad,  or  rowing  on  a  Canadian 
river;  and  he  was  quite  content  that  tho 
world  should  still  be  seon  under  that  aspect, 
with  the  sunlight  on  its  dust  or  its  flowing 
water.  And  so,  in  some  of  his  vagabond 
lyrics,  he  was  ablo  to  oxpress,  with  a  ringing 


simplicity,   the   joy  of  caaual  thinga,   the 
philosophy  of  the  gipay.    No  one  recently 

has  written  verses  which  give  the  reader  an 
of  happineea,  of  phyaii  al  exhila- 
ration, of  the  deliberate,  irreaponaible  turning 

of  nut's  back  on  care  and  tho  many  bondages 
of  tho  world.  His  new  book,  while  it  is 
still  full  of  confidence  in  the  possibilities  of 
happy  and  vigorous  living,  is  overshadowed 
with  a  cloud  which  had  not  before  crossed 
his  sky.  15}-  certain  rustlings  of  tho  painted 
arras  on  tho  walls  of  the  house  of  life,  ho 
has  realized  that  there  may,  after  all,  bo 
something,  of  much  moment  to  him,  behind 
tho  arras  ;  that,  at  all  events,  there  is  some- 
thing. It  is  his  disquietude  which  he 
translates  to  us  in  theso  poems.  And,  as 
usually  happens  when  tho  artist  in  the 
things  of  the  world  suddenly  opens  his  eyes 
upon  what  seems  to  him  a  vaguer  horizon 
than  the  sky-line  which  has  hitherto  limited 
his  vision,  his  style  has  become  rougher, 
moro  uncertain,  more  tumultuous.  He  is 
trying  to  express  more  than  he  at  present 
knows  how  to  express ;  ho  is  a  little  in  the 
hands  of  his  message ;  the  mystery  which 
ho  has  so  lately  had  eyes  to  see  makes  him 
stumble  on  his  path  through  the  "  selva 
selvaggia."  Instead  of  welcoming  the  hours 
because  they  brought  the  sunlight,  he  busies 
himself  with  questioning  those  wandering 
messengers,  asking  them  why,  having 
brought  it,  they  should  also  bear  it  away 
with  them.  He  sets  himself  (perhaps  not 
very  seriously)  to  wrestle  with  problems, 
and  especially  with  that  insoluble  problem 
of  death.  He  inquires  into  the  fates  of  men, 
into  what  is  unseen,  or  misconceived,  in  tho 
dealings  with  us  of  destiny.  And  so  he  has 
become  restless,  troubled,  anxious,  and  when 
he  writes  a  lyric  of  what  would  have  once 
been  merely  the  passing  of  a  familiar  figure 
in  the  street,  it  becomes,  as  in  this  piece  of 
'  The  Dustman,'  a  symbol : — 

"Dustman,  dustman!" 
Through  the  deserted  square  he  cries, 
And  babies  put  their  rosy  fists 
Into  their  eyes. 

There's  nothing  out  of  No-man's-land 
So  drowsy  since  the  world  began, 
As  "  Dustman,  dustman, 
Dustman." 

He  goes  his  village  round  at  dusk 
From  door  to  door,  from  day  to  day  ; 
And  when  the  children  hear  his  step 
They  stop  their  play. 

"  Dustman,  dustman  !  " 
Far  up  the  street  he  is  descried, 
And  soberly  the  twilight  games 
Are  laid  aside. 

"  Dustman,  dustman  !  " 

There,  Drowsyhead,  the  old  refrain, 

"  Dustman,  dustman  !  " 

It  goes  again. 

Dustman,  dustman, 
Hurry  by  and  let  me  sleep. 
When  most  1  wish  for  you  to  come, 
You  always  creep. 

Dustman,  dustman, 
And  when  I  want  to  play  some  more, 
You  never  then  arc  furl  her  off 
Than  the  next  door. 

"  Dustman,  dustman  !  " 
He  heckles  down  the  echoing  curb, 
A  stop  that  neither  hopes  nor  hates 
Ever  disturb. 

"  Dustman,  dustman  !  " 
He  never  varies  from  one  pace, 
And  the  monotony  of  time 
Is  in  his  face. 


Ai  i  lay,  witii  n 

-'lit  from  hi-  bOBM 

And  gently 

We,  p, — 

Hi   .  ll  J  the  call  we  know  10  well 
Fade  softly  cut  BS  it  be 
"  Dustman,  dustman, 
Dnetman ! " 

Tho  once  confident  poet  sees  • 
figure  now  on  that  rustling  arras  look- 
ing at  him  with  new  eyes ;  all  these 
shapes  have  become  symbols ;  but,  - 
ing  them  for  the  first  time,  they  are  too 
strange  to  him  for  his  mind  to  grasp  moro 
than  certain  hints  of  their  meaning.  And 
so,  all  through  the  book,  marking  as  it 
does  an  intellectual  advance,  an  advance  in 
perception,  we  seem  to  see  the  writer  at  a 
somewhat  hesitating  step  in  his  career,  not 
yet  quite  the  master  of  his  new  magic.  It 
is  a  step  forward,  if  into  the  darkness ;  and 
the  next  step  (can  we  doubt  ?)  will  bring 
him  again  into  the  light,  but  into  that  light 
which  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  darkness. 


Philosophy  of  Theism  :  being  the  Gijford  Lec- 
tures delivered  before  the  University  of 
Edinburgh  in  1895-6.  Second  Series.  By 
Alexander  Campbell  Fraser.  (Blackwood 
&  Sons.) 
In  the  course  of  this  second  series  of  his 
admirable  lectures  on  the  philosophy  of 
theism,  Dr.  Fraser  repeatedly  warns  the 
reader  that  the  considerations  which  he 
advances  are  to  be  taken  in  close  and 
organic  connexion  with  those  which  were 
propounded  in  the  first  series.  There  he 
treated  with  a  masterly  hand  some  of  the 
leading  problems  of  what  in  the  strict  sense 
of  the  term  may  be  called  natural  theology. 
Here  he  attempts  a  rationale  of  theism,  and 
an  interpretation  of  the  chief  enigma  of 
theism — the  existence  of  evil.  A  year  has 
now  passed  since  the  former  volume  was 
reviewed  in  these  columns  (No.  3568,  March 
14th,  1896),  and  in  order  to  appreciate  the 
gist  and  purport  of  this,  its  sequel,  the 
reader  must  recollect  the  course  of  thought 
which  has  led  to  it.  Dr.  Fraser  set  out 
upon  his  inquiry  by  stating  in  their 
philosophical  form  the  three  questions 
confronting  every  thoughtful  man  in  the 
world  into  which,  unasked  and  unwarned, 
he  finds  himself  ushered  at  birth  :  What  am 
I  ?  "What  is  that  which  I  see  around  me  ? 
What  is  the  power  that  is  operative  in  it  and 
in  me,  and  persists  through  all  their  changes '? 
— in  other  words,  the  problems  of  self,  the 
world,  and  God.  He  had  little  difficulty  in 
showing  that  all  attempts  to  reduce  any  two 
of  theso  three  to  the  third,  any  endeavour 
to  formulate  a  self-consistent  monism,  made 
for  a  doctrine  of  universal  nescience ;  and 
that,  in  particular,  the  materialistic  monism, 
dear  to  some  modern  speculators,  rendered 
the  cosmos  absolutely  unmeaning.  After 
examining  some  theories  of  physical  causa- 
tion and  adopting  the  view  that  the  cosmic 
and  interpretablo  character  of  nature  is 
essentialby  a  Divine  revelation,  he  raised 
tho  question  whether  the  religious  "leap  in 
tho  dark "  was  an}'  moro  irrational  than 
tho  stop  from  the  known  to  the  unknown 
which  all  induction  in  the  physical  interpre- 
tation of  the  world  necessarily  involves. 
Finally,  ho  concluded,  as  the  result  of  many 
converging  lines  of  argument,  that  it  was 
reasonable  to  postulate    a    morally  perfect 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENiEUM 


409 


power  as  the  foundation  of  the  physical, 
aesthetical,  and  spiritual  experience  of  man- 
kind ;  and  that,  while  this  hypothesis  pro- 
vided the  sole  escape  from  the  paralysis  of 
sceptical  despair,  it  offered  a  more  satis- 
factory explanation  of  a  greater  number  of 
the  aspects  of  life  than  any  other,  or  rather 
than  universal  doubt,  the  only  other  possible 
alternative.  It  is  the  idea  of  infinity  attach- 
ing to  the  world  of  reality  which  in  the  last 
resort  awakens  both  doubt  and  faith;  and 
the  one  or  the  other  is  triumphant  accord- 
ing as  this  infinity  is  regarded  from  an 
atheistical  or  a  theistical  point  of  view. 

But  theism  involves  many  intellectual 
difficulties,  and  it  is  to  these  difficulties  that 
Dr.  Fraser  specially  addresses  himself  in  the 
second  series  of  his  lectures.  What  account 
can  it  give  of  the  ultimate  interpretation  of 
nature,  of  the  problems  of  causation,  of 
necessity,  of  design  and  adaptation?  And, 
most  important  of  all,  What  account  can  it 
give  of  the  problem  of  evil  ?  or  how  can  it 
reconcile  the  pain  and  suffering  of  the  world 
with  the  existence  of  an  omnipotent  and 
benevolent  God  ? 

That  this  last  problem  is  the  real  crux  of 
the  theistic  hypothesis,  and  the  chief  diffi- 
culty which  it  presents  to  the  human  mind 
and  heart,  Dr.  Fraser  demonstrates  in  the 
clearest   of    language,    and   he   applies   all 
his  eloquence  and   acumen  to  the  task  of 
showing  that  the  existence  of   evil   is   not 
in  itself  a  ground  for  refusing  to  adopt  that 
hypothesis.     In  its  bearing  on  the  problem 
of  evil  theism  comes  to  be  identical  with  the 
belief  that  the  universe  in  its  ultimate  aspect 
is   morally  trustworthy.     To   say  that  Dr. 
Fraser  has   solved  the    problem  would  be 
like  saying  that  he   has  squared  the  circle 
or  discovered  a  method  of  perpetual  motion. 
The  problem,  he  frankly  confesses,  does  not 
admit  of  solution  in  the  strict  use  of  the 
term.     It  offers,  he  says,  an  insoluble  diffi- 
culty to  any  purely  empirical  philosophy. 
The  difficulty  is  not  to  be  overcome,  but  only 
to  be  reduced  and  mitigated  ;  and  so  much, 
at  least,  may  be  attained  by  the  reflection 
that  without  some  ethical  or  theistic  trust 
empirical    philosophy   is    itself    paralyzed. 
The  ultimate  mysteries  of  causality,  the  final 
riddles  of  natural  science,  are  in  themselves 
every  whit  as  dark  as  the  moral  problems 
presented  by   the  pain,  the   suffering,  the 
injustice,  and  what  theologians  call  the  sin 
and  guilt  of  the  world.     Science  is  not  com- 
plete,   nor   its   procedure  even  intelligible, 
without    some   form  of  faith — without  the 
hypothesis  that  nature  is  uniform,  that  the 
man  who  trusts  her  will  not  be  put  to  in- 
tellectual confusion.  Iteduced  to  its  simplest 
form,  Dr.  Fraser's  argument  is  that  if  the 
universe  is  held  to  be  intellectually  trust- 
worthy it  may,  with  at  least  equal  reason, 
be    held   to    be   morally   trustworthy   too ; 
that  morality  as  well  as  science  is  incom- 
plete, and  its  procedure  unintelligible,  with- 
out the  faith  that  all  life  is  of  Divine  con- 
stitution ;  and  that  the  man  who  trusts  the 
power  that  is   darkly  revealed  in  it  will  not 
in  the  end    bo  put    to   moral  shame.     Tho 
final  sanction  for  the  theistic  hypothesis,  as 
applied   to  the  explanation  either  of  tho 
physical  or  the  moral  world,  is  that  without 
it  we  are  reduced  to  a  condition  of  unreason 
and   despair,    in    which,    as   we   can  know 
nothing,  so,  on  tho  other  hand,  wo  can  hope 
for  nothing;    that  knowledge   in  tho  phy- 


sical and  hope  in  the  moral  world  ultimately 
rest  on  the  same  basis  ;  and  that  atheism,  to 
be  consistent,  should  deny  the  possibility  of 
both. 

We  find,  says  Dr.  Fraser,   the  germ  of 
theism  in  this   ethical  root  of  life  and  this 
spiritual  ground  of  the  interpretability  of 
experience.     In    the    threefold    articulation 
of  real  experience  from   which  he  started, 
theism  of  this  kind  is  the  unifying  and  har- 
monizing principle.     If  the  existence  of  evil 
be  held  to  be  in  irreconcilable  conflict  with 
this  principle,  an  agnostic  pessimism  would 
be  the  only  rational  temper  in  which  a  man 
might  view  the  world.     The  solutions  pro- 
vided by  the  hypothesis  of  Manicheism  that 
the  universe  is  the  battle-field  of  two  rival 
and   eternal   powers,    one   good,  the   other 
evil,  or  by  the   orthodox   theory  that    the 
whole  human  race  have  fallen  from  a  Divine 
ideal  as  the  result  of  temptation  by  amalignant 
spirit  called  the  Devil,  will  neither  of  them 
fit  into  any  philosophic  estimate  of  things, 
because  the  solution  in  the  one  case  is  in- 
consistent with  moral  faith  in  the  universe, 
and  in  the  other   only  puts   the   difficulty 
further  back  and  aggravates  it.     To  argue, 
again,  that  evil  is  an  unconditional  neces- 
sity in  a  finite  world  of  individual  beings, 
or  in   a  world  that  was  of  necessity  formed 
of  pre-existing  matter,  is  beside  the  mark  ; 
for  evil  would  no  longer  be  immoral  if  it 
were  necessary — if   it  ceased   to  consist  in 
what  ought  not  to  be,  and  were  transformed 
instead  into  what  cannot  but  be. 

These  and  other  attempts  to  explain  away 
the  existence  of  evil  Dr.  Fraser  passes  over 
as  unworthy  of  serious  consideration  in  com- 
parison with  some  other  theories  which,  with 
a  scarcely  greater  show  of  reason,  have  been 
suggested  in  their  place.     It  may,  says  Dr. 
Fraser,  be  a  sign  of  perfect  goodness  that 
men  should  be  placed  in  this  world  on  edu- 
cational trial  with  an  absolute  power  to  make 
themselves  bad  and  so  remain.     He  speaks 
of   this  with  gi*eat  reverence  as   a   Divine 
experiment  in  personal  responsibility,  and 
suggests  that,  even  though  failure  be  some- 
times the   result,  it   is   a  better  scheme  of 
things  than   a  wholly  physical,  non-moral, 
and  necessitated  universe.    He  appears  also 
to  suppose   that   even   omnipotence  cannot 
exclude  the   existence  of   evil,   so  long  as 
there    are    beings    whose    characteristic   is 
that  within  certain  limits  they  are  endowed 
with   freedom  of   choice  —  a   characteristic 
which  he  sums  up  by  calling  them  persons. 
But  surely  it  is  a  contradiction,  a  mere  con- 
fusion of  thought,  to  speak  of  omnipotence 
as    unable   to   prevent   beings  so  endowed 
from  exercising  their  freedom  to  choose  evil 
instead  of  good.     That  is  as  much  a  limita- 
tion of  the  Divine  perfection  as  any  of  those 
attempts  to  explain   away  the   existence  of 
evil  which  Dr.  Fraser  finds  so  unsatisfactory. 
It    is  surely  conceivable  that    omnijmtonce 
might   croato    beings    who    would    always 
choose  good,  even  after  temptation ;  and  a 
God   at   once    benevolent,  omnipotent,  and 
omniscient,  such  as  theism  supposes,  must, 
so  far  as  the  light  of  human  reason  extends, 
bo  rogarded  as  abrogating  one  of  His  attri- 
butes if  He  creates  a  being  who,  as  He  knows, 
will  choose  evil. 

Although  it  is  difficult  to  rofuso  assent 
in  tho  main  to  Dr.  Fraser's  contention 
that  tho  religious  "leap  in  tho  dark" 
is    as    justifiable    as    tho    leap    which    is 


taken  in  every  physical  induction,  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  paid  sufficient  attention 
to   a  consideration   of  some  weight  which, 
with  many  minds,  destroys  the  value  of  the 
analogy.     Any  physical  induction,  it  may 
be  said,  is  capable  of  verification,  of  direct 
and  cumulative  testimony  to  its  truth  ;  but 
where  is  the  verification  of  the  theory  that, 
in  the  last  resort,  a  world  which  seems  so 
full  of  unmerited  suffering  and  triumphant 
wrong  is   morally  trustworthy  ?     The  truth 
of  the  induction  that  all  men  are  mortal  is 
attested  afresh  every  hour  ;  the  theory  that 
the   universe  is    morally  trustworthy,    that 
every  wrong  is   somehow  righted,  seems  as 
frequently  to    be    demolished  by  the    hard 
facts  of  actual  life.     If  this  objection  can 
be  answered,  it  will  be  by  an  extension  of 
some  of   the   arguments  which  Dr.  Fraser 
uses  in  his  observations  on  optimism  as  a 
working  creed.     It  may  also,  perhaps,  be 
said  that  it  is  experience  of  life  rather  than 
any  process  of  reasoning  which  forces  the 
conviction  upon  us  that  it  is  more  rational  to 
hold  such  a  theory  than  to  accept  the  neces- 
sary alternative,  and  abandon  the  human 
mind  to  the  suicidal  belief  that  morality  is 
a    delusion.     With   an   intense    conviction, 
which  his  sober  eloquence  does  much  to  re- 
commend to  those  who  follow  his  ai'guments, 
Dr.  Fraser  comes  to  the  final  conclusion  that 
while  there  is  a  residuum  of  mystery  in  the 
problem  of  evil  which  cannot  be  removed, 
there  is  still  sufficient  room  for  an  optimist 
conception  of  life.     The  incomplete  know- 
ledge which  is    all   that  we    possess    does, 
he  maintains,  afford  a  tolerable  ground  for 
religious    and    moral   faith.       A   pessimist 
scepticism  could  only  rest  upon  a  complete 
perception  that  the  existing  universe  must 
necessarily   exclude    all   grounds    for    that 
faith.      It    is,    in    his   view,    ultimately   a 
balance    of    probabilities,    inclining     to    a 
theistic  optimism  which  leaves  many  things 
unexplained. 

There   is   much   else   in  this   interesting 
volume  which  calls  for  fuither  and  deeper 
discussion  than  space  here  allows.     On  one 
or   two   isolated   points,    however,   a   word 
may   be   said.      The   chapter    on    "Philo- 
sophical Faith  "  contains  a  lucid  statement 
of  the  method  of  ascertaining  truth  in  the 
sphere  of  religion,    or  at  least    such   truth 
as  is  within  the  grasp  of  man,  though  pos- 
sibly it  is  an  extravagant  comparison  which 
Dr.  Fraser  draws   between  Bacon's  famous 
"  Natura  non  nisi  parendo  vincitur  "  and  the 
language  of  the  Fourth  Gospel,  "If  any  man 
will   do  His  will  he  shall  know  of  tho  doc- 
trine."    Nor,  again,  in  replying  to  a  critic 
who  had  objected  that  an  omnipresent  Being 
could  not  by  any  possibility  be  a   Person 
is  Dr.  Fraser  particularly  convincing,     nis 
answer  is  briefly  that  the  special  character  of 
a  "  person  "  is  moral  relation,  and  that  what 
is  not  thus  characterized  is  a  "  thing";  and 
tho  answer,  and  the  language  in  which  Dr. 
Fraser  embodies  it,  seem  to    suggest   that 
he   does  not  recoguizo  any  other  oxistenco 
than  can  bo  conveniently  covered  by  these 
two  names.     He  would  possibly  admit  that 
in  certain  aspects  of  theism  God  might  bo 
designated  as  simple  power,  or  law,  or  love, 
or  justice ;    but    to    assert    that  God  is   in 
respect  of  any  of  these  a   Person   is  a  kind 
of  anthropomorphism  which  is  hardly  con- 
sistent with  tho  serious    character   of   Dr. 
Fraser's  argument. 


410 


TH  K     ATIIENjEUM 


X  3022,  Mm:<  b  27,  '97 


When  all  is  said,  however,  these  lectures 
farm  unquestionably  0n6  oi  tin-  finest  pro- 
ducts (if  the  Gilford  Trust.  Nearly  all  the 
lectures  hitherto  delivered  under  that  trust 
have  been  published.  They  extend  to  a  re- 
markable number  "f  volumes,  and  they  are 
of  vory  unequal  value.  None  of  thorn  treats 
their  great  subject  in  a  broader,  deeper, 
or  moro  instructive  spirit  than  those  which 
Dr.  Fraser,  in  the  evening  of  a  lifo  devoted 
to  philosophy,  has  given  to  the  world. 


Glasgow,    its     Municipal      Organization     and 
Administration.     By  Sir  James  Bell,  Bart., 
and    James    Baton,    F.L.S.      (Glasgow, 
MacLehose  &  Sons.) 
Matthew  Arnold  once  asked,  speaking  of 
the  poorest  class  of  the  inhabitants,  "  Who 
can  forget  the  hardly  human   horror,   the 
abjection  and  uncivilizedness  of  Glasgow?" 
Quite  another  phase  of  Glasgow's  life  has 
impressed  students  of  what  may  be  styled 
the  comparative   aspects   of    municipalism. 
Glasgow  as  a  municipality  was  discovered 
in  good  earnest  a  few  years  ago,  when  Mr. 
Albert    Shaw,    an   American    investigator, 
devoted    a  large  chapter  of   eulogy   to   it, 
unhesitatingly  assigning  to  it  the  first  place 
among  British  communities.    Naturally  this 
has  given   rise  to   criticism  and    question- 
ings.    Whether  Glasgow  has  not  become  a 
trifle  self-conscious,  whether  hints  about  a 
"model  municipality"  have  not  somewhat 
shaken  its  equilibrium,  may  be  tested   in 
certain  respects  by  this  substantial  quarto, 
bearing  on  the  title-page  the  names  of  a 
recent   Lord  Provost    and   of    Mr.    Pa  ton, 
11  the  talented   Curator  of   the  Corporation 
Galleries    and    Museum,"     as     Sir    James 
Bell  calls  him,   frankly  expressing  his  in- 
debtedness to  Mr.  Taton  for  bringing  into 
"  literary   form "    the   material,    of    which 
much   was    supplied   by  the   departmental 
officers.    The  time  was  not  unfavourable  for 
a  comprehensive  view  of  the  city's  corporate 
work,   and   the  means   employed,  with  the 
results  obtained,  were  eminently  worthy  of 
Glasgow.     A  mass  of  detailed  information 
about  its  present  condition  is  preceded  by 
a  sketch  of  the  constitutional  evolution  of 
the  city  through  successive  stages — a  mere 
village  beside  a  cathedral   church ;   a  city 
and  chartered  bishop's-burgh  with  fortunes 
intertwined  with  those  of  the  bishopric ;  a 
trading    community    struggling    with    the 
overweening    bailies    of   Dumbarton,  Ren- 
frew, and  Eutherglen;  a  royal  burgh  in  1611, 
although    still    lacking     essential    elective 
rights;  at  last,  in  1690,  with  a  population 
of    13,000,   endowed  with   all    the   normal 
burghal  liberties;  and  in  1893  a  "county 
of  a  city."     The  population,  in  1791  under 
67,000,  grew  in  a  century  to  656,000.    In  this 
exceptional  increase  the   prime  factor  was 
the  rise  of  industrialism,  bringing  with  it 
a  great  shifting  of  the  balance  of  popula- 
tion in  Scotland  from,  roughly,  a  proportion 
of  three  in  tho  country  for  one  in  the  town  to 
theconverseproportionof  throe  in  the  townfor 
one  in  the  country.  The  public  energy  of  the 
city's  merchants  had  been  manifested  in  tho 
deepening  of  the  river  so  early  as  tho  six- 
teenth century;  in  1688  a  quay  was  built  at 
tho  Broomielaw  ;  in  tho  middle  of  tho  seven- 
teenth century  tho  narrowing  and  deepening 
of  tho  channel  became  a  policy.     Thoro  was 
a  union  of  geography  and  native  enterprise. 


"  QlaegOW  made  the  (,'lyde— the  Clyde  made 

Glasgow."     When  James  Watt  arnTed  with 

the   •team-engine   and    Henry  Bell  with   the 

steamship,  they  found  an  important  mer- 
cantile centre  ready  on  tho  instant  to  make 
tho  most  of  the  industrial  opportunity. 

Tho  conception  of  municipalise  steadily 
changes.  A  book  liko  Mr.  l'aton's,  group- 
ing tho  efforts  of  four  or  five  centuries, 
shows  in  singular  admixture  old  and  new 
ideals.  Civic  rule,  once  a  merchant  mono- 
poly, took  fresh  shape  when  tho  crafts 
made  good  their  claims  and  prepared  the 
way  for  a  moro  truly  democratic  future. 
Such  changes  of  machinery,  however,  were 
small  compared  with  those  revolutionary 
alterations  of  the  conception  of  corporate 
duty  necessitated  by  modern  conditions  and 
the  overmastering  requirements  of  public 
health. 

How  Glasgow  has  met    these  new  con- 
ditions   is   Mr.   Paton's    theme.     The   city 
expands  first,  the  corporate  idea  afterwards. 
Municipal  Glasgow  is  now  a  government  by 
a  town  council,  which  appoints  and  regu- 
lates many  departmental  committees,  whose 
functions  embrace    such  varied  matters  as 
police,   streets,   sewage,   cleansing,  the  fire 
brigade,   gas  and  electric    lighting,  baths, 
public  health,  city  improvement,  tramways, 
parks,  art  galleries,  museums,  and  libraries. 
Obviously  much  value  would    attach  to  a 
study  of  the  past  course,  the  present  state, 
and    the    apparent    promise    of    all    these 
activities,  with  the  suggestions  they  offer  on 
the    scope,   limits,  and   methods   of   muni- 
cipalism— a  study,  that  is,  sufficiently  from 
the  inside,  sufficiently  sympathetic,  and  above 
all  sufficiently  independent  and    critical  to 
detect   and  point    out   flaws    and   dangers, 
whether  of  principle  or  of  mode.    Mr.  Paton 
falls  short   in   the   last   requirement.     His 
work  is  not  a  study,  but  a  statement,  com- 
placent, though  by  no  means  vainglorious, 
fully  and   sometimes  interestingly  descrip- 
tive  of   the  work   and  attainment  of  each 
department.    Throughout,  the  department's 
own  point  of  view  appears  to  be  followed 
with   little    pretence   of    discrimination   or 
criticism.     Hence  the  book  lacks  the  data 
which   might   have   put   an    outsider   in   a 
position   to    offer    a    disinterested    opinion. 
Mr.     Paton's    style    is    fluent    but    loose, 
and   his   composition  very  often   incorrect. 
He  is  a  better  citizen   than  grammarian  ; 
the  bulk  and  character  of  his  matter  have 
obviously  baffled   his  powers  to  assimilate 
it  without  oversights  in  syntax.     Although 
we  have  not  examined  the  historical  pages 
minutely,    we   have   noticed   a   few  errors. 
Prince     David,    afterwards     David     I.,    is 
referred    to    as    the    son,    instead   of   the 
brother,  of  Alexander  I.  One  passage  states 
that    Glasgow    Bridge  was    built   in    1345, 
another   that   it   was    "about    1350."     Sir 
James    Marwick    has    shown    reasons    for 
believing  that  neither  dato  is  trustworthy. 
Tho  procedure  of  the  town  council  towards 
tho   absent   archbishop   James    Beaton,    as 
shown  by  the  notarial  instrument  of  1561,  is 
capable  of   a  very  different  interpretation 
from    Mr.    Paton's.     Moreover,    the    arch- 
bishop did  not  "assign  his  temporalities" 
to  tho  Earl  of  Arran.     One  thing  in    this 
volumo   appears   inexplicable  on  any  satis- 
factory basis.    Tho  map  of  tho  city  "  in  the 
seventeenth  century  "  seems  to  be  borrowed 
— with  an  altered  and  most  misleading  title, 


which  ifl  li  by  a  century — from  that 

prepared  Cox  Mr.  Bemriek'i  'Glasgow  I  . 

tocols,'  for  there  it  is  a  delineation  of  Glaa- 
not   in    tho  seventeenth  century,   but 
about  1517. 

Mr.  l'aton's  numberless  details  of  modern 
lopment,  however,  are  of  more  moment 
than  his  syntax,  his  history,  or  his  maps.    He 
has  made  publicly  available  an  important 
collection  of  material  to  establish  the  validity 
of  Glasgow's    claim   to   municipal    distinc- 
tion.     One     cardinal     omission,    however, 
those   interested    in    the   larger    issues    of 
municipalism     may    regret.     He     has,    in 
dealing     with      the     manifold      corporate 
activities,    forgotten    to     explain     circum- 
stantially   the    action    of    the     multiform, 
but  concentric  machine  which  actuates  and 
guides  the  whole.     He  has  stopped  on  the 
threshold  with  the  fact  that  there  are  com- 
mittees.    How  do  the  committees  and  their 
departments  transact  their  business  with  the 
world   and   between   themselves  ?     How  is 
their  interaction  managed  so   as  to  secure 
economy,  and   maintain  a  unity  and   har- 
monious relation  of  parts  ?     What  are  the 
rules    of     initiative    and     the     boundaries 
betwixt  departmental   and   central   power? 
Are  the  committees  in  reality  as  in  theory 
the  mere  executive  of  the  council?  or,  on 
the  contrary,  is  their  movement  centrifugal, 
and  do  the  functions  of  the  council  tend  to 
resolve  themselves  into  a  corrective  veto  and 
control  ?     The  burghal  constitutionalist  in- 
terested in  issues  such  as  these   must  often 
search  in  vain  for  enlightenment  upon  them, 
although    they   lie   close   to    the   vitals   of 
administration,    and   may   some   day   yield 
valuable  deductions  for  imperial  legislation 
and  affairs.     A  chapter  on  the  subject,  such 
as  Mr.  Paton  and  Sir  James  Bell  together 
were  well  qualified   to   write,  would  have 
fittingly   rounded   off   their   cyclopaedia   of 
progressive  Glasgow. 


Memoir   of  Hugo  Daniel  Harper,  B.D.     By 

L.  V.  Lester,  M.A.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
This  is  a  record,  pleasantly  and  concisely 
written,  of  a  great  educationalist  who  yet 
was  not  thought,  apparently,  either  by  his 
friends  or  himself,  to  have  possessed  any  par- 
ticular genius  for  teaching  in  the  ordinary 
sense  of  the  term,  nor  any  initial  desire  to 
become  a  schoolmaster.  Yet  every  public- 
school  man  who  has  not  narrowed  his  range 
to  the  egotism  of  a  single  school  will  know 
that  Dr.  Harper  was  a  leader  among  head 
masters  while  he  was  at  Sherborne,  and 
a  strenuous  and  effective  "governor"  of 
various  public  schools  after  he  had  become 
Principal  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford.  He  had 
a  marvellous  activity  both  of  mind  and 
body ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  he  over- 
taxed himself.  It  is  fatal  "never  to  be 
tired,"  as  his  pupils  and  colleagues  said 
of  him,  and  the  last  years  of  his  life,  though 
painless  and  tranquil,  were  deeply  pathetic 
to  those  who  remembered  him  in  his 
strenuous  prime. 

Harper  was  born  in  1821,  and,  as  a  child, 
went  to  Macaulay's  school  at  Plymouth. 
Family  losses  made  his  father  glad  to 
obtain  for  him  a  nomination  at  Christ's  Hos- 
pital, where  he  had  a  distinguished  career, 
and,  in  18-10,  passed  on  as  exhibitioner 
and  scholar  to  Jesus  College,  Oxford.  He 
was  exactly  contemporary  with  the  late  Sir 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


411 


Henry  Maine,  and  they  left  the  school  for 
their  respective  Universities  in  the  same 
year.  Harper's  leading  talent  was  mathe- 
matical;  yet  he  only  just  missed  double 
first-class  honours  in  1844,  and  in  the  next 
year  he  obtained  fresh  mathematical  dis- 
tinctions, and  was  made  Fellow  of  his 
college.  Thenceforward,  till  his  death  in 
1895,  his  career  was  educational — first  at 
Cowbridge  Grammar  School,  then  at  Sher- 
borne, and  lastly  at  Oxford  as  Principal  of 
his  old.  college. 

At  Cowbridge,  however,  he  only  re- 
mained three  years  ;  in  1850  he  was  elected 
head  master  of  Sherborne  against  such 
formidable  candidates  as  Colenso,  E.  Payne 
Smith,  afterwards  Dean  of  Canterbury,  and 
Mr.  Wratislaw,  subsequently  head  master  of 
Bury  St.  Edmunds.  Sherborne  was  an  ideal 
field  for  Harper's  energies.  Despite  some 
cramping  traditions  and  local  inconveniences, 
the  school  had  had  a  fairly  honourable 
career,  and  under  Dr.  Lyon  (1823-45)  had 
"  flourished  and  prospered."  But  Lyon's 
successor  was  a  man  of  feeble  health  and  no 
administrative  talent,  and  under  his  brief 
sway  of  five  years  Lyon's  hundred  boarders 
had  dwindled  to  two !  There  was,  in  a 
word,  present  rack  and  ruin  coupled  with  a 
tradition  of  quite  recent  success.  Such  was 
Harper's  prospect  in  1850;  when  he  left 
Sherborne  for  Oxford,  twenty-seven  years 
later,  the  school  numbered  over  300,  and 
was  growing  still.  Harper  had  made  his 
mark  as  one  of  the  best  head  masters  of  his 
time.  He  shares  with  Thring  of  Upping- 
ham the  honour  of  having  brought  the  head 
masters  of  the  great  foundations  into  line 
with  their  newer  brethren,  and  having  united 
them  in  a  conference  on  terms  of  rational 
equality.  Thring  devised  the  plan,  but 
Harper  carried  it  out  in  practice  ;  what  the 
other  head  masters  thought  of  his  services 
may  best  be  seen  from  the  letters  of  Dr. 
Bell  of  Marlborough  and  Dr.  Jex  -  Blake 
of  Kugby  in  this  volume. 

Combined,  however,  with  these  signal 
powers  of  administration,  there  was  in 
Harper  a  certain  tendency  to  vehemence 
and  over- confidence  in  forecasting  the  future, 
very  markedly  illustrated  in  the  correspond- 
ence here  printed  on  the  subject  of  the 
Endowed  Schools  Bill  of  1869.  Harper's 
letters  show  great  power  and  tenacity  in 
argument,  but  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  feel- 
ing that  the  honours  in  the  friendly  en- 
counter rest,  not  with  him,  but  with  the 
present  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  then,  of 
course,  head  master  of  Rugby.  The  states- 
manlike forecast  of  Temple  has  been,  in 
all  essential  points,  fulfilled ;  the  vehement 
alarm  of  Harper  has  been  shown  to  have 
been  baseless.  Nevertheless,  the  dangers 
he  foresaw,  though  not  inevitable,  were 
possible ;  but  for  Harper,  Thring,  and  a 
few  others,  thoy  might  have  been  very 
real. 

We  do  not  gather  from  Mr.  Lester's  pages 
what  the  exact  share  of  Harper  in  the 
institution  of  the  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
"  Certificate  "  Examination  was.  We  have 
always  understood  that  it  was  a  leading  one  ; 
in  any  case,  at  the  first  examination,  held  in 
1874,  "Sherborne,"  says  Mr.  Lester,  with 
unnecessary  grimnoss,  "submitted  itself  to 
the  harrow."  The  truth  was,  of  course, 
that  the  Universities'  examination  was  the 
only  alternative  to  State  inspection,  of  which 


most  of  the  head  masters  had  a  justifiable, 
but  surely  exaggerated  horror. 

In  all  these  matters  Harper's  part  was 
pre-eminent ;  yet  it  would  be  an  error  to 
regard  him  as  an  organizer  and  adminis- 
trator only.  He  was  a  man  of  potent  in- 
fluence upon  boys  and  upon  his  colleagues 
— qualities  not  always  combined.  One  of 
the  latter  says:  "Dr.  Harper  was  never 
upon  the  box-seat  at  all.  He  was  always 
in  the  middle  of  his  team,  pulling  as  much 
as  any  two,  the  best  of  comrades  and  the 

dearest  of  friends There  was  nothing  his 

masters  would  not  do  for  him."  He  would 
have  desired  no  better  epitaph.  But  side 
by  side  with  his  energy  should  be  reckoned 
his  unselfish  generosity.  He  began  life  in 
poverty,  and  never,  we  imagine,  achieved 
wealth  ;  he  was  always  spending  and  being 
spent  for  others,  whether  in  meeting  from 
his  private  purse  the  necessities  of  Sher- 
borne or  in  pleading  for  the  interests  of 
assistant  masters.  Mr.  Lester  deserves  the 
gratitude  of  the  public,  as  well  as  that  of 
teachers,  for  publishing  this  brief  record 
of  laborious  and  well-spent  years.  We  call 
his  attention,  in  conclusion,  to  a  curious 
statement  on  the  middle  of  p.  144 ;  we 
should  be  inclined  to  amend  it  conjecturally 
and  read  discussed  for  "  dismissed." 


Timhuctoo  the  Mysterious.     By  Felix  Dubois. 

Translated   from    the  French   by    Diana 

White.     With    Illustrations,  Maps,    and 

Plans.  (Heinemann.) 
The  formation  of  the  Niger  Company  and 
the  recent  military  expedition  are  a  very 
late  acknowledgment  of  the  importance  of 
the  position  which  the  French  have  assumed 
in  all  the  upper  Nigerine  region.  It  is 
thirteen  years  since  Col.  Borgnis-Desbordes 
planted  the  French  flag  at  Bammaku  on 
the  Niger,  after  a  fierce  tussle  with  Samory, 
and  only  three  years  since  the  taking  of 
Jenne,  and  two  since  the  entry  into  Tim- 
buctoo ;  so  that  we  had  sufficient  warning 
if  we  had  intended  to  be  at  all  beforehand 
with  the  French  in  their  decisive  seizure 
with  both  hands  of  the  rich  and  extensive 
territory  watered  by  the  Upper  Niger— 
"  this  splendid  country,"  says  M.  Dubois, 
"  which  is  many  times  larger  than  France, 
and  contains  from  ten  to  fifteen  millions  of 
people,"  and  which,  he  declares  in  another 
place,  is  quite  a  kindly  and  agreeable  place 
of  settlement  for  Europeans,  for  "  were  it 
not  for  the  unaccustomed  proportions  of  the 
river  and  the  marvellous  sun,  there  would 
be  nothiug  specially  tropical  about  the 
country." 

But  this  is  scarcely  the  place  in  which  to 
iusidt  on  and  to  emphasize  the  political  con- 
sequence of  the  French  acquisition  of  Tim- 
buctoo  and  the  country  round  about.  "lis 
ysont;  ils  y  restent";  and  our  immediate 
business  here  is  to  point  out  the  singular 
value  of  this  book  of  M.  Felix  Dubois, 
which  is  adequately  translated  by  Miss 
Diana  White. 

The  fascination  of  Timbuctoo  for  the 
geographer  and  tho  traveller  has  long 
been  curiously  intense.  <  >f  what  other  con- 
siderable place  on  the  earth  can  it  bo  said 
that,  known  to  tho  Romans  (as  Nigira  Metro- 
polis), celebrated  in  tho  fables  of  tho  Middlo 
Ages,  actively  sought  for  during  tho  last 
two  hundred  years,  and  for  tho  last  hundrod 


longed  for  so  keenly  that  great  travellers 
"  with  desire  of  it  fell  sick"  (like  Bunyan's 
Pilgrim)  or  died  in  the  quest  of  it — spite  of 
all  these  things  that  it  has  only  now  been 
truly  discovered  for  us?  And  yet  that  is 
the  fact,  for  the  book  of  Rene  Caillic — 
another  Frenchman  who,  disguised  as  a 
Mussulman,  penetrated  to  Timbuctoo  in 
1826— is  of  little  worth;  that  of  Dr.  Barth— 
a  German  who  accompanied  the  Richard- 
son expedition  across  the  desert  from  Tripoli 
about  thirty  years  later— is  of  less  worth 
still,  while  that  of  Dr.  Oscar  Lenz,  who  spent 
three  weeks  in  Timbuctoo  in  1879,  is  little 
better  than  Barth's ;  and  these  are  all.  Never 
have  English  travellers  been  so  unfortunate 
as  in  their  quest  for  Timbuctoo,  and  that 
was  mainly  because  the  only  route  to  it 
which  was  not  encumbered  with  the  gravest 
difficulties  and  dangers  —  that  from  the 
Atlantic  seaboard  by  way  of  the  Senegal- 
has  been  occupied,  if  not  absolutely  barred, 
by  the  French  for  about  two  hundred 
years.  And  even  on  that  route  a  traveller 
would  not  have  found  "  roses,  roses,  all  the 
way  "  had  he  not  been  preceded  by  a  sub- 
jugating army,  as  M.  Felix  Dubois  has 
been. 

But  if  M.  Dubois  cannot  boast  that  he  has 
shown  the  traveller's  qualities  of  resourceful- 
ness and  audacity  in  danger,  that  is  only  be- 
cause there  was  no  danger  to  encounter  ;  and 
he  at  least  is  able  to  manifest  in  a  high  degree 
the  far  more  valuable  qualities  of  observa- 
tion, enthusiasm,  and  research.  Were  it 
not  that  there  is  no  reason  in  the  world  why 
we  should  doubt  that  M.  Dubois  has  been  to 
Timbuctoo  (apart  from  the  fact  that  his  book 
is  filled  with  reproductions,  not  of  fancy  pic- 
tures, but  of  obviously  realistic  photographs 
of  strange  people  and  places),  we  should 
find  it  hard  to  believe  the  many  astonishing 
revelations  which  he  makes  of  the  history 
and  antiquities,  the  architecture,  the  com- 
merce, and  the  literature  of  the  Upper 
Niger.  Here,  first,  are  some  sentences  (at 
intervals  of  some  pages)  that  suggest  the 
beauty  and  wealth  of  the  land  as  they  were 
unfolded  on  his  progress  from  the  Senegal 
down  the  Niger  to  Timbuctoo  : — 

"  The  road  from  Dioubaba  to  Bammaku  cuts 
from  east  to  west  across  the  massive  Foota- 
Jallon  range  that  separates  the  basin  of  the 
Senegal  from  that  of  the  Niger.  It  is  full  of 
pictures  recalling  the  Forest  of  Fontainebleau, 
and  is  so  abundantly  watered  that  you  fall 
asleep  every  night  to  the  sound  of  some  gurgling 

cascade  or  waterfall The  Niger,  with  its  vast 

and  misty  horizons,  is  more  like  an  inland  ocean 
than  a  river.  Borne  along  upon  it,  scarcely 
seeing  land,  the  traveller  is  carried  away  by 
those  endless  dreams  which  haunt  the  in6ni- 
tudes  of  the  sea.  Its  waters  break  upon  its 
banks  in  the  cadenced  waves  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean shores  ;  and  when  winds,  grown  to 
violence  in  the  desert,  swell  its  waves  into  a 
great  race,  sea-sickness  will  convince  the  most 
rebellious  that  the  river  Niger  is  of  kin  to 
oceans Between  Segu  and  the  regions  border- 
ins  Timbuctoo  I  passed  wonderful  herds  of 
oxen,  horses,  goats,  and  sheep  I  alike  the 
stunted  cattle  and  emaciated  hacks  of  the 
countries  of  the  Niger's  source,  these  oxen  had 
imposing  humps,  and  the  horses  were  on  the 
lines  of^Arabs.  The  sheep,  too,  were  astonish- 
ing Long  Heece  replaced  the  close  wool  of  the 
Southern  animal,  and  the  flocks  were  to  be 
counted  by  such  thousands  of  heads  that  I  was 
greeted  at  long  distances  by  ovations  of  bleat- 
ing." 


412 


T  ii  E    at  ii  i:x.i:r  u 


N°3622,  March  27,  '97 


Bui  it  is  the  great  tOWfr    or  perhaps  ono 

should   say   city-    of    Tenne   that    wakes   his 

enthusiasm  t<»  the  highest  pitch,  as  much 
almost  as  if  it  were  Babylon  the  Great  or 
Thebes  of  the  Hundred  Gates;  Tenne, 
which  boasts  a  barbaric  kind  of  Egyptian 
architecture     dating      from      tin-     tenth     or 

eleventh    century;    Tenne,    built    by    the 

Songhays,  who  declare  they  came  from 
j  i>t  "before  the  days  of  Mohammed; 
.Tenne,  for  ages  the  capital  of  tho  great 
Songhay  empire,  extending  from  Lake 
Tchad  to  the  Atlantic,  and  from  the  desert 
to  tho  hills  and  forests  that  look  down  on 
the  filthy  swamrs  where  we  have  planted 
our  Gold  Coast  and  Guinea  Coast  colonies  ; 
Jenne,  whoso  golden  famo  gave  us  our 
phrases  "Guinea  gold"  and  "Guinea 
Coast "  ;  Jenne,  which  is  tho  mother  and 
mistress,  the  maker  and  feeder,  of  Tim- 
buctoo.  Timbuctoo  itself,  the  great,  tho 
mysterious  Timbuctoo,  is  but  the  emporium 
or  warehouse  port  of  Jenne,  the  author 
declares,  and  ho  urges  very  plausibly  that 
tho  reason  why  we  have  heard  in  Europe  so 
much  of  Timbuctoo  and  so  little  of  Jenne  is 
that  we  were  wont  to  get  our  geographical 
gossip  by  way  of  the  Sahara  and  through 
the  traders  and  wanderers  of  the  desert, 
who,  having  reached  Timbuctoo  with  their 
camels,  would  have  found  it  difficult  to 
penetrate  with  them  into  the  lacustrine  and 
riverine  region  which  Jenne  commands,  and 
who,  therefore,  knew  only  Timbuctoo  and 
talked  only  of  it,  as  sailors  landing  in  Liver- 
pool may  never  go  near  Manchester  nor 
trouble  their  heads  about  it. 

Into  the  history  of  Jenne  and  the  Son- 
ghaj's  (whose  "  oral  traditions,  chronicles, 
and  dwellings  all  betray  their  Nilotic 
fatherland")  M.  Dubois  enters  with  fulness 
and  gusto.  We  may  doubt  some  of  his  con- 
clusions, but  he  is  worth  listening  to,  and  his 
enthusiasm  is  infectious.  He  declares  he  takes 
his  account  from  that  long-famed  work,  in 
the  existence  of  which  Orientalists  have  only 
half  believed — if  they  have  believed  so  much 
— the  '  Tarik  e  Soudan,'  a  copy  of  which  he 
found  at  Jenne  and  compared  with  another 
at  Timbuctoo,  and  which,  he  says,  is 
now  being  translated  by  M.  Houdas,  the 
Orientalist  who  has  made  so  admirable  a 
translation  of  the  native  history  of  the 
emperors  of  Morocco  bj'  Ben  Ahmed  Ezziani. 
He  recounts  the  three  Songhay  dynasties — 
the  Dia,  the  Sunni,  and  the  Askia — who 
controlled  the  destinies  of  their  people  for  a 
thousand  years,  enumerates  their  kings,  and 
relates  some  of  their  greatest  exploits — 
especially  those  of  Ali  tho  Conqueror  and 
Mohammed  Askia,  who  was  probably  the 
greatest  of  all  the  kings,  being  a  great  ad- 
ministrator as  well  as  a  great  warrior.  At  the 
end  of  tho  sixteenth  century  the  Songhay 
empire  was  overthrown  by  tho  Moors,  who, 
according  to  their  wont,  cast  a  deadly  blight 
upon  the  prosperity  of  thoso  whom  thoy 
ruled,  so  that  thenceforth  for  Jenne  and 
Timbuctoo  that  decay  began  which  has 
continued  in  flux  and  reflux  ever  since. 
What  Timbuctoo  was  like  when  in  greatest 
repute  it  is  impossible  fully  to  know.  "  But," 
says  M.  Dubois, 

"  its  university  of  Sankord  was  at  the  height  of 
its  prosperity,  the  fame  of  its  professors  being 
known  not  only  in  the  black  coun  ries,  but 
throughout  Arabian  Africa  itself.  Learned 
strangers  flocked  hither  from  Morocco,  Tunis, 


and  Egypt.     Tbe  civilization  of  Arabia  nlispitd 

hands  irith  the  civilization  of  Egypt Such 

was  the  iplendour  thai  our  imagination*  sis 
still  dazzled  l>y  its  reflections,  three  csnturiss 
after  the  raat  was  her 

glory  that,  in  .spite  of  all  the  vicissitudes  she 
has  Buffered,  her  vitality  is  not  yet  extin- 
guished." 

In  truth,  Timbuctoo  at  its  busiest  and 
most  famous  seems  to  have  been  the  Paris 
of  tho  Western  Soudan — being  noted  not 
only  for  its  commerce  and  its  learning,  but 
even  more  for  its  gaiety  and  its  encourage- 
ment of  all  the  arts  of  pleasure  and  de- 
bauchery, insonmch  that  tho  beauty  and 
charm  of  the  ladies  of  Timbuctoo,  the 
ruinous  expense  of  its  life,  its  feasting  and 
dancing,  were  spoken  of  and  desired  from 
Tangier  to  Lake  Tchad.     Says  one  : — 

"  Many  people  who  only  came  to  stay  a  few 
weeks  would  prolong  their  visit  for  months  and 
years,  detained  either  by  the  agreeable  life  of 
tho  town  or  by  some  passion  ;  and  many  who 
arrived  with  a  fortune  returned  home  ruined." 

It  would  be  unfair  to  take  by  quotation 
anything  away  from  the  freshness  of  M. 
Dubois's  account  of  the  "poor  and  miserable 
and  blind  and  naked"  condition  (so  to  say) 
in  which  he  found  this  whilom  queen  of  the 
desert  and  the  Niger.  But  what  will  France 
do  with  her  ?  Who  can  tell  ?  Meanwhile 
she  has  laid  an  iron  hand  upon  her.  She 
has  put  gunboats  with  mitrailleuses  upon 
her  river,  and  built  forts  to  command  her, 
while  a  negro  army  under  French  officers 
is  enrolled  for  the  defence  and  subjection 
of  her  and  the  enormous  country  round 
about. 

M.  Dubois's  book  should  at  once  take  a 
place  of  autkorit}'  on  the  shelves  of  the 
traveller  and  geographer  ;  but,  more  than 
that,  its  vigour,  its  picturesqueness,  and 
its  extraordinary  store  of  new  information 
should  recommend  it  to  all  who  like  to  be 
amused  and  interested  as  well  as  solidly 
instructed. 


NEW  NOVELS. 


A    Halter    of    Temperament.      By   Caroline 

Fothergill.  (Black.) 
A  clever  book,  and  somewhat  off  the  lines 
familiar  to  the  present  generation  of  novel- 
readers.  There  is  no  "extra  strong  emo- 
tion," no  insistence  on  the  physical  side  of 
passion,  no  attempt  to  make  the  novel  per- 
form the  functions  of  the  treatise,  no  "pro- 
blem." It  is  a  plain,  straightforward  study 
of  a  not  uncommon  type  of  character. 
Gilbert  Ford  is  a  country  doctor,  whom  we 
find  at  the  opening  of  the  story  just  engaged 
to  a  neighbour,  Henrietta  Farrington.  Her 
sister  has  shown  signs  of  consumption,  and 
has  been  ordered  by  an  eminent  specialist 
to  try  a  winter  in  Egypt  as  a  last  chance. 
Hero  the  first  contrast  of  temperament 
shows  itself.  Both  regret  the  necessity  for 
postponing  their  marriage ;  but  while 
Henrietta  accepts  the  six  months'  exile  as 
a  manifest  duty,  Ford  resists  her  decision, 
opposing,  and  not  insincerely,  his  own  pro- 
fessional opinion  that  the  disorder  has 
progressed  too  far  for  anything  to  be  hoped 
from  change  of  climate.  It  is  characteristic 
of  the  man  that  he  urges  this  last  objection, 
without  tho  least  reticence,  upon  the  invalid's 
sister : — 

"When     he     laboured     under    any    mental 
burden  it  was  a  necessity  to  him  to  get  rid  of 


it,  no    matter   who    took    it    up  ;  and   the  km 
e  that  home  one  el  did  take  it  up  — 

uerally,    since    they    had    been   en- 
I      in    no    w.f,  i    his   relief  at   l>eiiijf 

without  it.     lie  was  very  bappilj  constitute!,  ' 

muses   Henrietta   herself.      EUsewhei 

I  to  her  sister,  who  is  not  in  love  with 
him,  that  "though  charming  he  is  wanting 
in  wisdom."     It  is  not  that  he  is  devoid 

a  certain  "natural  honesty  of  mind,"  but 
ho  has  all  a  cat's  dislike  of  present  dis- 
comfort. Characteristic  of  him  also  is  it 
"  that  nothing  ever  came  to  or  from  him  incom- 
pletely, or  went  through  successive  stages  in 
his  mind.  The  whole  thing  was  there  at  o: 
fully  formed,  ready  to  be  carried  out  at  & 
moment's  notice  in  all  its  detail-." 

How  well  one  knows  the  kind  of  man  !  and 
how  certain  one  is  to  like  him,  and  ti 
him  not  an  inch  further  than  one  can  see '. 
Henrietta,  unfortunately  for  her,  has  to 
trust  Dr.  Ford ;  and  it  is  only  thanks  to  his 
counterpart,  a  plain-spoken,  cynical,  loyal 
young  lady,  that  disaster  does  not  ensue. 
Miss  Fothergill  is  obviously  a  disciple  of 
Miss  Austen,  and  that  is  a  pleasant  thiDg 
to  come  across  in  these  days.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  her  example  may  lead  some 
other  lady  novelists  to  recognize  that  there 
is  an  English  school  of  fiction,  and  that  it 
is  not  wholly  devoid  of  merit.  Of  course 
in  some  ways  it  is  easier  for  a  "charming 
woman"  to  write  of  "  things  that  she  don't 
understand,"  or  her  readers  either;  but 
when  she  will  use  her  own  observation,  and 
give  us  the  results  as  cleverly  as  Miss 
Fothergill  has  done,  she  ought  not  to  miss 
her  reward. 

Sehastiam's     Secret.       By    S.    E.     Waller. 

(Chatto  &  Windus.) 
What  Sebastiani's  secret  was,  beyond  that 
it  was  kept  in  a  walking-stick  and  had  some- 
thing to  do  with  the  lost  continent  of  Atlantis, 
it  is  difficult,  even  after  perusal  of  Mr. 
Waller's  book,  to  say.  One  or  two  inci- 
dental facts  we  have  gathered :  as  that 
hats  with  feathers  and  jewels,  as  worn  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  were  also  fashionable 
in  the  lost  continent ;  that  there  is  an 
"ancient  reigning  family"  which  "comes 
down  direct  from  the  Shepherd  Kings  of 
Babylon,  and  then  through  the  Sassanian 
Emperors  of  Persia  and  the  Ca?sars  of 
Rome,"  but  sprang  originally  from  the 
same  quarter;  and  certain  other  mat' 
which  the  ordinar}r  histories  omit.  But 
except  that  the  secret  confers  some  kind 
of  power  over  women,  apparently  by  im- 
parting a  knowledge  of  details  concerning 
their  private  life  which  they  would  rather 
not  have  known  —  a  power  which  hardly 
exercises  any  influence  on  the  course  of  the 
story — we  can  make  little  or  nothing  of  it. 
Tho  author,  it  is  clear,  intends  to  be 
"  weird";  but  in  honesty  we  must  say  that 
nowhere  in  the  course  of  bis  story  could  wo 
contrive  to  shudder  "  worth  a  cent."  This 
is  distinctly  a  pity,  for  of  all  the  emotions 
excited  by  fiction,  that  expressed  by  tho 
shudder  is  perhaps,  at  least  after  a  certain 
time  of  life,  tho  most  thoroughly  satisfy- 
ing. The  truth  is  that  Mr.  Waller,  who 
wo  suspect  is  a  beginner,  has  several  quali- 
fications, such  as  a  fair  command  of  lan- 
guage and  some  power  of  characterization  ; 
but  he  has  started  with  a  far  too  difficult 
subject,   and  written  before  having  got  it 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


413 


quite  clearly  worked  out  in  his  own  mind. 
Knowing  that  the  occult  business,  the 
Oriental  business,  the  society  business,  are 
all  popular,  he  has  tried  to  combine  them, 
with  the  result  of  producing  a  hazy  narra- 
tive in  which  it  is  difficult  to  make  out  what 
has  happened,  and  why  that  more  than 
anything  else.  In  a  word,  it  is  not  "  con- 
vincing," and  of  a  story  containing  elements 
of  the  occult  or  mysterious  "convincingness  " 
is  the  primary  and  indispensable  quality. 

Hilda  Strafford,  8fc.     By  Beatrice  Harraden. 

(Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
Miss  Harraden  describes  well  the  dreary 
hopelessness  of  life  on  a  ranch  for  a  woman 
absolutely  uninterested  in  the  cultivation  of 
lemon  trees,  and  of  the  tragedy  of  two  well- 
meaning  people,  one  of  whom  loves  and  the 
other  does  not,  bound  together  in  such  cir- 
cumstances. The  idea  of  the  story  is  good, 
because  the  incidents  are  admirably  chosen 
to  show  off  the  character  of  Hilda  Strafford, 
a  shallow^  unloving  nature,  which  would 
pass  through  life  evenly  and  monotonously 
in  ordinary  circumstances.  Here  she  is  in 
a  sort  of  way  abstracted  and  made  clear  in 
the  rarefied  atmosphere  of  the  ranch.  Her 
husband,  a  weak,  loving  fool,  also  gains  a 
touch  of  heroism  in  the  hard  fight  that  he 
makes  for  her  love  and  against  malignant 
nature.  Both  in  this  and  the  other  story, 
however,  the  brighter  side  of  ranch  life  is 
shown  in  the  comradeship  of  the  men,  who 
help  one  another,  and  especially  the  weak 
husband,  in  the  fight  against  storms  and 
despondency. 

A   Pinchbeck    Goddess.      By   Mrs.    Fleming 

(Alice  M.  Kipling).  (Heinemann.) 
Tins  book  reads  rather  like  one  by  the 
author's  brother  with  all  the  genius  ex- 
tracted. The  Indian  society  such  as  he 
delights  to  represent  it,  with  its  painted 
women  and  third-rate  subalterns,  is  all 
there,  but  without  a  touch  of  that  human 
interest  which  always  relieves  the  horror 
of  his  descriptions  of  life  at  Simla.  Here 
the  vulgarity  is  unrelieved,  and  consequently 
tedious ;  vulgarity  is  essentially  false,  and 
it  is  only  tolerable  in  fiction  when  the  under- 
current of  genuine  feeling  is  revealed,  as 
Flaubert  clearly  saw  in  '  Madame  Bovary.' 
The  description  of  the  society  in  which 
Flaubert's  heroine  lived  and  of  the  heroine 
herself  would  be  hopeless  stuff  if  the  author 
did  not  show  what  it  really  concealed  and 
how  it  arose.  Hero  the  only  person  who 
raises  a  fitful  interest  is  the  silly  Major 
Strath-Ingram,  who  for  one  moment,  in 
proposing  to  the  heroine,  becomes  luminous. 
The  heroine  herself  is  impossible  and  un- 
interesting. The  parade  of  quotations  as 
headings  and  titles  for  the  chapters  is 
ridiculously  excessive  for  such  a  book  as 
this. 

All  in  All.     By  Corinna  Bruce.     (Hurst  & 

Blackett.) 
The  author  of  '  All  in  All '  possesses  many 
ideas  and  words,  but  she  has  not  yet  secured 
an  absolute  control  over  them.  Tho  ideas  will 
sometimes  mingle  in  a  phantasmagoria,  and 
the  words  rebel  against  the  bit  and  snaffle. 
1  if  one  oi  her  heroines  Miss  Bruce  informs 
us  that 

"hers   was  a  character   who  forgave   the  blow 
from  the  hand  she  loved The  women  who 


are  gentle  generally  get  pushed  against  the  wall ; 
it  is  the  bold  ones  which  are  most  successful." 
The  style  is  not  all  so  slipshod.  The 
author  has  probably  started  authorship  at 
an  early  age,  and  we  see  no  reason  why 
she  should  not  write  a  stronger  romance. 
'  All  in  All '  is  on  the  old  lines  of  multiple 
marriage  and  heirs  in  the  background ;  it 
is  melodramatic,  but  not  without  interest 
and  attraction. 

Margot.  By  Sidney  Pickering.  (Law- 
rence &  Bullen.) 
'  Margot  '  is  a  little  overstrained  in  parts, 
but  still  sufficiently  accurate  in  its  intuitions 
and  delineations.  Of  course,  the  heroine 
is  a  young  woman  with  a  stain  upon  her 
past — a  stain  inherited  from  her  mother, 
and  a  second  stain  resulting  from  an  indis- 
cretion on  her  own  part.  There  is  no  dis- 
honour in  respect  of  the  former  blemish, 
and  the  reader  will  forgive  such  slight  and 
momentary  deflection  from  the  path  of  duty 
as  was  involved  in  the  mistake  of  a  girl. 
But  the  two  things  taken  together  form  a 
dark  background  to  her  life ;  and  Mr. 
Pickering's  task  is  to  describe  her  as  a 
pure-minded  and  delicate  woman,  winning 
her  way  up  again  from  misery  to  peace 
and  happiness.  The  plot  of  the  story  is 
not  particularly  ingenious,  and  it  may  be 
regarded  by  experienced  novel-readers  as 
somewhat  cheap.  Margot  herself  is  the 
most  attractive  and  the  best-drawn  cha- 
racter in  the  book,  though  there  are  others, 
like  the  Englishman  Esdale  and  the  Russian 
doctor  Petroff,  who  bear  witness  to  Mr. 
Pickering's  skill  as  a  portrait  painter. 
There  is  some  literary  merit  in  '  Margot,' 
but  a  rendering  of  a  long  quotation  from 
Heine  on  the  third  page  (a  device  which  is 
fortunately  not  repeated)  is  a  little  unhappy 
in  at  least  one  phrase. 


A  Devotee  :  an  Episode  in  the  Life  of  a  Butter- 
fly. By  Mary  Cholmondeley.  (Arnold.) 
In  this  short  tale  Miss  Cholmondeley  has 
omitted  the  sensational  element,  modelled 
upon  Wilkie  Collins,  which  marred  to  some 
extent  her  clever  novel  '  Diana  Tempest,' 
and  consequently  her  new  story  is  much 
more  homogeneous.  Her  sketches  of  young 
men  and  women  belonging  to  fashionable 
society  are  as  clever  as  ever  ;  but  Mr.  Lof  tus 
is  altogether  a  lady's  hero,  a  far-away  con- 
nexion of  Sir  Charles  Grandison's,  and  quite 
as  unreal.  No  wonder  his  first  wife  ran 
away  from  him. 

Tlic  Dunthorpes  of  Westleigh,     By  Christian 

Lys.  (Downey  &  Co.) 
Tins  domestic  stoiy  is  in  some  respects 
above  the  average  of  the  class  to  which  it 
belongs,  that  vast  multitude  which  it  would 
be  difficult  indeed  for  any  man  to  number, 
of  tales  for  family  reading  regulated  by  the 
highest  moral  and  tho  feeblest  literary 
principles.  The  mystery  attendant  upon 
tho  rightful  ownership  of  tho  Dunthorpes' 
estate,  tho  murder  of  tho  old  squire,  and 
other  little  obstacles  which  check  tho  course 
of  Cicely  Duntkorpe  and  Kenneth  Biving- 
tou's  wooing  for  a  time,  are  handled  with 
BOme  capacity  and  without  undue  senti- 
mentality. Tho  sketches  of  tho  imbocilo 
dipsomaniac  and  his  admirable  wifo  aro 
good,    in   spite   of   various    attendant    cir- 


cumstances  wherein   the    probabilities   are 
strained  to  the  uttermost. 


Partie    du  Pied    Gauche.     Par  Mile.    Mario 

Anne  de  Bovet.  (Paris,  Lemerre.) 
Mlle.  de  Bovet  is  becoming  a  serious 
rival  of  "Gyp "in  sparkling  dialogue  on 
subjects  which  do  not  suit  all  worlds  and 
all  moralities.  In  her  present  novel — re- 
printed, if  we  mistake  not,  from  La  Vie 
Parisienne — she  shows  great  brilliancy,  but 
lacks  the  somewhat  pathetic  note  which  in 
"  Gyp's  "  most  doubtful  books  redeems  the 
choice  of  subject.  Mile,  de  Bovet  can  de 
such  remarkable  work  in  a  different  line,  as 
was  shown  both  by  her  novel  dealing  with 
Ireland  and  by  her  other  writings  on  the 
same  theme,  that  we  cannot  but  regret 
her  present  one.  She  may  reply  that  the 
public  bu3's  the  work  of  her  newer  style, 
and  that  she  dare  not  even  allow  the  adver- 
tisement in  it  of  the  more  delicate  products 
of  her  pen. 

ENGLISH   PHILOLOGY. 

Lakeland  and  Iceland :  a  Glossary  of  Words  in 
the  Dicdect  of  Cumberland,  Westmoreland,   and 
North  Lancashire,  which  seem  allied  to  or  identical 
ivith  the  Icelandic  or  Norse.     By  the  Rev.   T. 
Ellwood. — Two  Collections    of  Derbicisms.     By 
Samuel  Pegge.  Edited,  with  Two  Introductions,, 
by  Prof.  Skeat  and  Thomas  Hallam. — A  War- 
wickshire   Word- Book.     By  G.   F.  Northall.  — 
A   Bibliographical  List  of  Works  illustrative  of 
the  Dialect  of  Northumberland.     Compiled   by 
Oliver    Heslop.     (English    Dialect    Society.) — 
With  the  publication  of  these  four  opuscula  the 
English  Dialect  Society  concludes  its  honourable 
career.     In  an  accompanying  circular,  signed  by 
Prof.   Skeat  as  President  of   the    Society,   the 
members    are   informed  that    no  subscriptions 
are  asked  for  in  1897  and  succeeding  years,  as- 
no  further  publications  are  to  be  issued  ;  those 
members  who  have  not  already  subscribed  for 
the   '  English  Dialect  Dictionary '  are  strongly 
urged  to  do  so,  and  those  who  are  engaged  in 
the  preparation  of  glossaries  are  requested  to 
send  their  collections  in  MS.  to  Prof.  Wright  in 
order  that  they  may  at  once  be  utilized  in  the 
'  Dictionary,'  without  the  delay  that  would  be 
caused  by  their  being  printed  separately.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Society  was  well  advised 
in  its  decision  to  terminate  its  labours  with  the 
year  in  which  the  'English  Dialect  Dictionary' 
was  begun  to  be  issued.     It  has  always  been 
understood    that    the    primary   object   of    the 
Society  was  the  collection  of  materials  for  this 
dictionary,  and  now  that  this  object  has  been 
accomplished  with  a  sufficient  approach  to  com- 
pleteness to    justify  Prof.    Wright  in  actually 
commencing  his  work,   it  would   have   been  a. 
mere  waste  of  effort  to  continue  the  publication 
of  separate  glossaries.     There  may  still  be  room 
for  a  few  monographs  on  individual  dialects,  but 
these  can  hardly  be  important  enough  to  warrant 
the  existence  of  the   Society  beyond  its  natural 
limit.     Of  the  four  works  now  issued  by  far  the 
most  important  is    the  volume    containing  Dr. 
Pegge's  collections  relating    to    the    dialect  of 
Derbyshire.     The  author,  who  died  in  1796  at 
the  age  of  ninety-two,  was  a  remarkably  careful 
and  sagacious  student  of  dialect,  and   the  early 
date  at  which  he  wrote  imparts  to  his  observations 
a  peculiar  value.  The  ditlicult  task  of  preparing 
Dr.  Pegge's  notes  for  the  press  has  been  accom- 
plished  by   Prof.  Skeat   with    evident   skill  and 
judgment.     With  the  able  help  of  the  late  Mr. 
Hallam  the  vocabulary  of  the  dialect  as  recorded 

more  than  a  century  ago  has   been  compared 
throughout  with  the  living  Bpeechof  the  county, 

and  especially  with   thai    of  tin-   parish  <>f  Whit- 

tington,  of  which  Dr.  Pegge  was  rector.     It  has 

been  found  that  about  one-third   of  the  words 


II I 


Tg  E    ATHENAEUM 


explained     l,y     1  >,  ,„,„.     , ,,  |S, ,,, .,  (._    ,, 

many  of  them  ere  well  remembered  l.y  theolder 

1 l'1'',1"  tkedjetrict     Mr.  Hallam's  introduc- 

tton  sbounda  with  information  of  the  highest 
faint  to  .ill  students  of  dialectal  phonetics,!— At 
m  indicated  by  tbe  title  which  ho  net  given  to 
nuglotttnr,  Mr.  Ellwood't interest  in  tin-dial.  ,-i 
of  the  Lake  dittriot  is  chiefly  etymological   end 
bt  baa  admitted  only  •  few  words  other  than 
Utoee  which  he  regard*  as  derived    from   the 
Scandinavian  language*.     At   the  proofs   have 
been  revised  by  Mr.  Magnuason,  the  correctness 
of  the  [oelandio  date  may  ho  safely  relied  upon 
and  the  work  is  not  without  philological  value 
though  Mr.  Ifllwood'e  etymologies  art  not  always 
right.      "Stnuu.  a  sudden   fit  of  pain,"  has  no 
tonntzion  with  the  Icelandic  rtt'nor.    The  word 
is   well   known    in    the    form   itound,   meaning 
originally  a  moment,  "spell,"  and  cognate  with 
the  German  fifeunde,  an   hour.     Gey,   meaning 
very,    cannot  come  from  the  Old  Norse  gagn. 
Fatnng  iron,  an  instrument  for  separating  the 
awns   from    harley,   is   absurdly   derived    from 
Jotr,  a  foot,  and  is  said  to  be  so  called  "  because 
it   was   used    between    the    feet"!     It    really 
belongs   to  the  obsolete  verb  falter  or  fonlter, 
which  will  be  found  (under  the  former  spelling 
in     the     'Oxford     English     Dictionary/     Mr 
fcllwoods  references  to  customs  and  supersti- 
tions common  to  the  Lake  district  and  Iceland 
are  of  considerable  interest.— It  is  singular  that 
Mr.    Northalls   Warwickshire   glossary  should 
be  the  first  attempt  to  treat  systematically  the 
dialect  of  the  native  county  of  Shakspeare.     It 
is  disappointing  to  find  that  it  contains  hardly 
any  words  that  are  not  already  well  known  from 
the   glossaries  of  the  adjoining  counties  ;    but 
that  is  not  the  fault  of  the  compiler,  who  has 
done  his  work  with  great  care  and  intelligence 
We  do  not  remember  having  heard  before  of 
the      liver-pm,     an   imaginary  portion  of   the 
human  mechanism  which  requires  to  be  "oiled" 
by  generous  diet.     Other  words  new  to  us  and 
of  obscure  origin  are  ivel,  to  pilfer  ;  died,  "full 
to  the  brim  with  eating"  ;  and  syke,  bacon.  Mr. 
JNorthalls  abstinence  from  etymological  sugges- 
tions  is   to  be  commended.-The  bibliography 
of  works  illustrating  the  dialect  of  Northum- 
berland   by  Mr    Heslop,   is  carefully  executed 
and   useful.      Mr.    Heslop    has    very   properly 
included    notices    of     the    books    and    papers 
treating  of  the  place-names  and  surnames  of  the 
county.    If  equally  well-prepared  bibliographies 
existed  for  all    he  English  counties,  a  great  deal 
of  labour  would  be  saved  to  students  of  dialect 
and  local  history. 

The  second  part  of  the  English  Dialect  Die- 
honary,  edited  by  Prof.  Joseph  Wright  (Frowde^ 
contains  the  words  from  "  Ballow  "  to  "  Blare  " 
It  is  worth  notice  that  while  the  letter  A  occupies 
in  the  'Dialect  Dictionary1  only  a  few  pages 
more  than  in  Webster's  'English  Dictionary,' 
the  portion  of  the  letter  B  ending  with  blare  fills 

r/w  lOUTn\lmes  the  sPace  that  it  occupies 
in  that  work  This  curious  disproportion  is  due 
to  the  fact  that  the  words  beginning  with  A  in 
literary  English  are  chiefly  learned  words  of 
Latin  or  Greek  origin,  which,  of  course,  do  not 
come  into  the  dia  ects  at  all,  while  those  beginning 
with  B  are  mainly  popular  words,  which,  for  the 
most  part,  have  senses  in  dialect  more  or  less 
different  from  their  meaning  in  standard  English. 
The  quality  of  the  work  in  this  second  part  con- 
farms  the  high  opinion  which  we  have  previously 
expressed  of  Prof.  Wright's  ability  and  diligent 

Jo  ™?„?  ?  °f /he  first  I)arfc  we  had  °^asion 
to  point  out  a  few  oversights  of  no  great  im- 
portance ;  ,n  the  second,  which  we  have 
scrutinized  with  equal  minuteness,  we  have 
hardly  been  able  to  discover  any  mistake  worth 
mentioning.  There  are  one  or  two  misspellings 
in  the  Latin  scientific  names  of  plants  and 
animals  and  in  some  cases  the  same  word  is 
differently  spelt  in  different  places  without 
proper  cross-references.  For  example,  bead- 
bmd  given  as  a  Hampshire  name  for  the  black 
bryony,  ,s  clearly,  in  spite  of  the  difference  of 


application,  the  tame  word  as  bethtvine.  which 
is  need  in  various  district  for   the   bind* 
and 1  timdar  plants.     Tht  on  tbe   verb 

'"  BlLi  nine  columns,  although  forms  differing 
merely  in  pronunciation  from  those  of  stan 
English  arc  not  noticed.  Readers  who  have 
jnaoa  no  epaouUtlwdyof  dialect  will  be  astonished 
to  m<i  in  how  many  different  ways  tht  "I  am  " 
of  Literary  English  is  rendered  in  different  parts 
of  the  country.  In  Yorkshire  generally,  though 
not  st  She  hold,  .t  becomes  "  t  is  "  ;  in  Stafford. 
shire,  I  bin  ;  in  other  counties,  "  I  be  "  "  I 
are  '■  and  in  the  south-west  it  is  » Cham." 
the  part  does  not  contain  much  etymological 
information,  such  of  the  words  as  are  not  found 
in  literary  English  being  for  the  most  part  of 
Obscure  origin  ;  but  in  several  instances  interest- 
ing cognate  forms  are  adduced  from  the  glossaries 
01  German  and  Scandinavian  dialects.  The 
Dorsetshire  heal,  a  weasel,  is  correctly  com- 
pared with  the  French  belette,  but  we  believe 
(in  opposition  to  the  opinion  of  French  phi- 
lologists) that  it  is  of  Celtic  origin 


g*3ggg,  .Mm.-,  h  27,  '97 


OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE. 
Probably  English  readers  will  turn  first  to 
the  papers  about  Tennyson  and  Lady  Tennyson 
in  Mrs  Fields's  Authors  and  Friends  (Fisher 
Unwin),  and  after  these  to  that  about  Long- 
fellow It  is  rather  interesting  to  learn  that 
he  author,  when  quite  a  little  girl,  discovered 
The  Lady  of  Shalott '  for  herself  when  it  still 
appeared  meaningless  to  her  teachers,  and  her 
description  of  the  great  man's  reading  of  his 
own  poems  is  effective.  In  other  respects  the 
lennyson  papers  are  disappointing.  The  paper 
about  Longfellow  has  better  stuff  in  it.  Indeed 
the  picture  of  Longfellow  at  home  leaves  little 
to  be  desired  It  is  a  graphic  and  vivacious 
piece  of  work.  Of  the  various  good  things 
about  what  people  said  and  wrote  to  Lon°- 
fellow  there  is  nothing  better  than  his 
note  about  a  stranger  who  called  to  ask  if 
Shakspeare  lived  in  the  neighbourhood.  But 
Longfellow  s  account  of  Jules  Janin   is  rather 

«w.A00'  xT"*  °ffered  him  eveiT  civihty. 
What  can  I  do  for  you  in  Paris  ?  Whom  would 
you  like  to  see?"  Then  he  asked  Longfellow 
to  dinner,  and  the  party  consisted  of  Janin  and 
his  wife  and  one  other.  Like  the  Spanish 
marshal  who  had  no  enemies  to  forgive  on  his 
death-bed  because  he  had  shot  them  all,  Janin 
had  no  friends  left.  Writing  in  1879,  Long- 
fellow made  some  mention  of  Shelley's  lines 
ending  J 

Where  moonlight  and  music  and  feeling 
Are  one. 

The  author  ventures  to  reprint  the  son* 
because  it  is  seldom  found  among  Shelley's 
poems  This  is  a  mistake.  The  "song  first 
appeared  in  these  columns,  and  has  been 
included  probably  in  every  edition  of  Shelley  • 
but  except  at  first  the  song  has  always  been 
given  with  the  additional  opening  stanza, 

The  keen  stara  were  twinkling,  &c 
The  other  papers  deal  with  Wendell  Holmes, 
Mrs.  Stowe,  Celia  Thaxter,  and  Whittier. 

Messrs.  Cassell  &  Co.  publish  Essays  in 
Liberalism  by  Six  Oxford  Men.  The  design 
of  the  work  is  good,  but  the  execution  feeble. 
It  has  been  the  wish  of  the  authors-thc  youn« 
authors,  we  believe-to  defend  Liberalism  of  a 
high  type.  Ihey  are  anti-Socialist,  but  above 
al  an ti- materialist,  and  denounce  thoso  who 
ask  for  the  pecuniary  benefit  of  reforms,  and 
try  to  teach  men  to  desire  to  hear  rather  of 
iberty  and  of  justice.  Nothing  can  be  better  ; 
but  the  practical  difficulties  which  have  stood  in 
their  way  are  considerable.  To  begin  with,  their 
baggage  is  not  sufficient  for  their  march.  Then 
they  have  shrunk  from  the  Home  Rule  ques- 
tion, but  must  be  reminded  that  the  omission 
of  any  attempt  to  deal  with  it  exposes  them 
to  being  told  that  their  book  is  worthless  as 
a  contribution  to  politics.  They  have  not 
laced  the  problem  of  national  defence.     They 


make    hardly    s    mention    of    the   treati, 

Of      subject      mctt.       From     their    own      ; 
of    view   they   wore    bound    to  allot   a  consider. 
able     place    to    lashing    what     to    them    . 
the  vice  of  acqun  essions   and 

s  without  thai  regard  to  the  moral  con- 
siderations  involved  which  was  prominent  half 

a  century  ago.      If  they  had  a  sufficient  DM 

to  the  electorate  upon  such  topics  to  justify** 

book  they  ought  to  have  made  up  their  mind* 
whether  they  were  going  to  appeal  to  good  men 
and  U>  enlightened  men,  apart  from  party,  to  sup- 
port  their  views,  or  whether  they  were  to  appeal 
to  such  men  within  the  Liberal  party  only  If 
this  latter  course  was  to  be  taken,  then  it  was 
incumbent  on  them  to  defend  the  Liberal  party 
upon  the  point  which  appears  to  separate  it 
from  men  like  Mr.  Courtney,  Mr.  Arnold- 
Forster,  Sir  Albert  Rollit,  Mr.  Drage,  and 
others,  who,  supporting  the  present  Govern. 
ment  and  opposing  the  Liberal  party,  neverthe- 
less hold  in  the  main  the  views  of  the  authors 
of  the  present  volume.  They  have  fallen 
between  two  stools,  and  their  book  will  have 
no  effect.     The  authors  say  that 

"  no  particular  essay  in  this  book  has  been  devoted 
to  a  restatement  of  Home  Rule  for  Ireland  as  part 
and  parcel  of  our  creed  :  those  articles  rather  have 
been  treated  which  for  the  moment  are  the  text  of 
burning  questions.  To  say  that  Home  Rule  is  not 
one  .,0.ft.bese  1S  a  frank  statement  of  tactics  and 
possibilities. 

We  confess  we  cannot  understand  this  passage 
and  think  its  style  is  cryptic.  But  there  can°be 
no  doubt  about  the  fact,  which  is  that  Home 
Rule  has  been  wholly  ignored,  and  that,  as  it 
still  stands  first  in  the  Liberal  programme,  and 
as  Irish  Home  Rule  can  only  be  avoided  by 
being  merged  in  what  is  known  as  Home  Rule 
All  Round,  the  authors  ought  to  have  discussed 
one  or  other,  or  both,  as  a  preliminary  to  their 
investigations,  or  else  to  have  abandoned  the 
pretence  of  writing  as  members  of  the  Liberal 
party  to  members  of  that  party.  We  might, 
if  it  were  worth  it,  take  many  exceptions 
by  way  of  criticism  of  details  to  the 
various  essays,  which  are  all  of  a  somewhat 
perfunctory  kind.  Here  and  there  they  have 
the  youthful  cocksureness  which  was  to  be 
expected.  Take,  for  example  :  "  No  specialist 
ever  respected  a  newspaper's  opinion  on  his  own 
subject.  Their  influence  is  the  proof  and  the 
measure  of  our  ignorance. "  The  authors  do  not 
appear  to  have  stopped  to  think  whether  the 
statement  in  the  first  half  of  this  quotation  is 
true.  But  surely  every  colonial  specialist  re- 
spects the  Times  colonial  articles  from  the  pen 
of  Miss  Flora  Shaw.  Every  specialist  in  foreign 
affairs  respects  the  articles  of  Dr.  Dillon  and  o 
Mr.  Henry  Norman.  Every  specialist  in  naval 
matters  respects  the  articles  of  Mr.  Thursfield 
and  Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson.  Every  specialist  in  the 
procedure  of  the  House  of  Commons  respects  the 
articles  of  Mr.  T.  P.  O'Connor  and  of  Mr.  H.  W. 
Lucy.  Every  specialist  in  the  relations  of  foreign 
affairs  to  the  possibilities  of  war  respects  the 
articles  of  Mr.  Spenser  Wilkinson  ;  and,  not  to 
multiply  examples,  we  have  confined  ourselves 
to  a  few  writers  in  the  metropolitan  daily  press 
alone,  ignoring  the  excellent  provincial  press. 
In  the  same  essay  it  appears  to  be  made  a  ground 
for  a  sneer  against  the  Conservative  party  that 
a  Bill  conferring  the  suffrage  on  women  passed 
its  second  reading  in  a  House  of  Commons  with 
a  Conservative  majority,  and  that  a  somewhat 
similar  Bill  was  rejected  in  a  Parliament  with 
a  Liberal  majority.  The  Bill,  by  the  way,  is 
styled  "the  thing,"  a  somewhat  contemptuous 
treatment  of  a  subject  which,  at  all  events, 
might  be  thought  worth  discussion.  The 
writer  seems  to  forget  that  a  similar  Bill 
had  previously  passed  its  second  reading  in  a 
Liberal  Parliament,  a  fact  which  in  itself  appears 
to  knock  on  the  head  his  somewhat  careless 
arguments.  Another  of  the  writers  in' making 
an  attack  on  a  not  very  important  book,  which 
we  agree  with  him   attracted   more   attention 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


415 


than  it  deserved  ('Made  in  Germany'),  prints 
tables  of  warships  built  in  the  United  Kingdom 
for  foreign  countries  which  he  takes  from  the 
author,  adding,  "After  inquiry  I  should  much 
doubt  whether  these  figures  are  reliable  or 
correct."  He  then  adds  in  a  note  other  figures 
of  his  own,  which  he  says  he  got  from  "a 
friend,"  and  which  are  certainly  equally  in- 
correct. If  "the  thing"  was  worth  naming, 
it  was  worth  taking  some  trouble  to  obtain 
figures,  which  we  imagine  mighb  have  been  got, 
if  not  from  any  public  source,  at  least  through 
such  special  papers  as  Engineering,  or  from 
the  directors  of  Armstrongs,  the  Thames  Iron 
Works,  a  few  of  the  Clyde  firms,  and  Yarrows. 
The  author  of  the  essay  is  using  his  figures  to 
show  that  this  country  continues  to  build  war- 
ships for  foreign  countries,  but  the  figures  which 
he  gives,  if  they  were  accurate,  would  go  to  show 
that  the  tonnage  is  small  as  compared  with  that 
of  other  countries  which  ought  not  to  be  able 
to  stand  the  comparison,  and  to  any  intelligent 
reader  they  will  seem  to  upset  the  writer's  case. 
His  case  is  a  good  one,  but  he  does  not  prove  it, 
and  rather  seems  to  establish  the  contrary. 
Inquiry  in  France  of  two  firms  alone  would 
show  that  during  several  of  the  recent  years 
named  they  have  turned  out  more  tons  of  ships 
for  foreign  countries  than  are  shown  in  the 
incorrect  figures  here  given  as  the  product  of 
the  United  Kingdom. 

In  his  convenient  little  series  of  "  Canterbury 
Poets,"  Mr.  Walter  Scott  has  published  a  third 
instalment  of  Browning,  Dramatic  Romances 
and  Lyrics,  including  also  'Sordello.'  The  in- 
troductory note  and  picture  of  Asolo  are  both 
good,  and  the  volume,  containing  much  of 
Browning's  best  work  in  the  interesting  early 
versions,  should  be  popular. 

Messrs.  Chapman  &  Hall  have  sent  us  two 
more  volumes  of  their  wonderfully  cheap  edition 
of  Dickens's  novels,  Nicholas  Nickleby  and  Dom- 
bey  and  Son. — To  the  handsome  series  of  "Nine- 
teenth Century  Classics  "  (Ward  &  Lock),  edited 
by  Mr.  Shorter,  has  been  added  Carlyle's  Past 
and  Present,  with  a  clever  and  interesting  intro- 
duction by  Mr.  Frederic  Harrison. 

Messrs.  A.  &  C.  Black  send  us  Who 's  Who 
for  1897,  much  enlarged  and  improved  on  what 
it  used  to  be  by  Mr.  Douglas  Sladen.  There  are 
some  noticeable  omissions,  but  not  many. 

We  have  received  the  first  two  numbers  of 
The  Booksellers'  Revieiv.  The  second  is  a  con- 
siderable improvement  on  its  predecessor,  and 
the  journal  promises  to  be  of  much  service  to 
the  trade. 

We  have  on  our  table  Sketch  of  the  Life  of 
Mahomet  and  of  the  History  of  Islam  in  the 
Liiganda  Language,  by  the  Rev.  G.  K.  Basker- 
ville  and  the  Rev.  Y.  Kayi'zi  (S.P.C.K.),— 
Might  have  Been,  by  the  Rev.  J.  Parker,  D.D. 
(Chatto  &  Wind  us), — Some  Account  of  the  Life 
and  Labors  of  Dr.  Francois  Joseph  Gall, 
Founder  of  Phrenology,  by  C.  F.  Wells  (Fowler), 
— Among  the  Menabe,  by  the  Rev.  G.  H. 
Smith  (S.P.C.K.),  —  Elementary  Geology,  by 
G.  S.  Boulger  (Collins), — Evil  and.  Evolution,  by 
the  Author  of  '  The  Social  Horizon '  (Mac- 
millan), — A  Text- Book  of  the  History  of  Sculp- 
ture, by  A.  Marquand  and  A.  L.  Frothingham 
(Longmans),  —  Experience,  by  the  Rev.  W. 
Richmond  (Sonnenschein),  —  Introduction  to 
PuUic  Finance,  by  C.  C.  Plebn  (Macmillan),— 
Thirteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Bureau  of 
Ethnology,  1891  .',  by  .1.  W.  Powell  (Washing- 
ton, (ii)vcininent  Printing  Office), — Outlines  of 
Knowledge  requisite  for  Women,  by  B. 
Stewart  (Matchards), — The  Art  of  Extempore 
Speaking,  by  H.  Ford  (Stock), — Sententia  Juris, 
ther  Epigram,  by  W.  Ilolloway 
•w;iy),—  Uncle  Sam's  Letters  on  Phrenology, 
by  N.  Sizer  (Fowler),  —  A  Pennyworth  '  of 
Blunders,  by  D.  Macrae  (Glasgow,  Morison 
Brothers), — Trar>,  Reflection  of  Nature, 

written  by  K.  Scott  O'Connor  (New  York,  the 
Century  Company),— The  Oreefl    Men    of  .W- 


well,  by  Mary  C.  Rowsell  (Simpkin), — The  White 
Tzar,  by  L.  T.  Meade  (Marshall  &  Co.),— The 
Dream  ofMr.H. — ,  the  Herbalist,  by  Hugh  Miller 
(Blackwood), — The  Little  Runaways,  by  M.  H. 
Capes  (S.S  U.), — The  Palace  on  the  Moor,  by 
E.  D.  Adams  (Arnold), — John  Wolfgang,  by 
Beauseant  (Headley  Brothers),  —  The  Great 
Becklesivaithe  Mystery,  by  H.  Herman  (Simp- 
kin), — TJie  Sorceress  of  Paris,  by  P.  H.  Ditch- 
field  (Low),  —  Aunt  Dorothy's  Tea- Table,  by 
Catherine  M.  MacSorley  (S.P.C.K.),  —  The 
Paladins  of  Edwin  the  Great,  by  Sir  Clements  R. 
Markham  (Black),  —  Where  Billotvs  Break,  by 
H.  Deccan  (Digby  &  Long), — A  Tragic  Idyl, 
by  Paul  Bourget  (Downey  &  Co.), — Lyrics  of  a 
Life,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Eare'e  (Edinburgh,  Banks 
&  Co.), — From  Daum  to  Dusk,  a  Book  of  Verses, 
by  G.  Milner  (Manchester,  Cornish), — Echoes 
from  Youthland,  by  H.  Walton  (Marshall  & 
Co.), — Ballads  and  Songs  of  Spain,  by  L.  Wil- 
liams (Digby  &  Long), — The  Articles  of  Christian 
Instruction  in  Favorlang-Formosan,  Dutch,  and 
English,  edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  Campbell 
(Kegan  Paul),— When  the  Worst  comes  to  the 
Worst,  by  the  Rev.  W.  Robertson  Nicoll,  LL.D. 
(Isbister), — The  Double  Text  of  Jeremiah  (Masso- 
retic  and  Alexandrian)  Compared,  by  A.  W. 
Streane,  D.D.  (Cambridge,  Deighton,  Bell  & 
Co. ),  —  and  Loose  Leaves  from  a  Minister's 
Manuscripts,  by  S.  Wainwright  (Simpkin). 
Among  New  Editions  we  have  Curiosities  of  Law 
and  Lawyers,  by  C.  James  (Low), — Quicksilver, 
by  G.  Manville  Fenn  (Blackie), — The  Farm  in 
the  Karoo,  by  Mrs.  Carey-Hobson  (Sonnen- 
schein), —  Strathpeffer  Spa,  its  Waters  and 
Climate,  by  R.  F."  Fox,  M.D.  (Black),— The 
Holy  Eucharist  and  Common  Life,  by  G.  Sarson 
(Hibberd), — and  A  New  Course  of  Experimental 
Chemistry,  by  J.  Castell-Evans  (Murby). 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

ENGLISH. 

Theology. 

Benson's  (E.  W.)  Cyprian,  his  Life,  Times,  and  Work,  8vo. 

21/  net,  cl. 
Chamberlain's  (Rev.  J.)  In  the   Tiger  Jungle,  and  other 

Stories  of  Missionary  Work,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Hale's  (W.  B.)  The  New  Obedience,  a  Plea  for  Social  Sub- 
mission to  Christ,  cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Kinross's  (J.)  Dogma  in  Religion  and  Creeds  in  the  Church, 

cr.  8vo.  5/  cl. 
Ward's  (Rt.  Rev.  A.  B.)  Life  of  Service  before  the  Throne,  3/6 
Wiedemann's  (A  )  Religion  of  the  Ancient  Egyptians,  12/6  cl. 
Wirgraan's  (A.  T.)  The  Doctrine  of  Confirmation  considered 
in  relation  to  Holy  Baptism,  cr.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Fine  Art. 
Ruskin's  (J.)  Munera  Pulveris,  er.  8vo.  5/  net,  cl. 

Poetry. 
Apollo    Poets :    Longfellow,    Byron,    Milton,    Wordsworth, 

3/6  each,  cl. 
Arnold's  (M  )  Empedocleson  Etna,  a  Dramatic  Poem,  10/6 
More    Songs     from    Vagabondia.    by    Bliss     Carman    and 
R.  Hovey,  Designs  by  T.  B.  Meteyard,  12mo.  5/  net,  bds. 
Radford's  (D.)  A  Light  Load,  Poems,  with  Designs  by  B.  E. 
Parsons,  cr.  8vo.  5/  net,  cl. 

Bibliography. 
Bibliographica,  Vol.  3,  folio,  42/  net,  half  bound. 
Humphreys's  (A.  L.)  The  Private  Library,  royal  16mo.  3/6  net. 

Philosophy. 
British  Moralists,  Selections  from  Writers  principally  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century,  edited  by  Bigge,  2  vols.  cr.  8vo.  18/ 
James's  (W.)  The   Will   to   Believe,   and    other  Essays  in 

Popular  Philosophy,  cr.  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Lafargue's  (J.)  Les  Moralitfis  Legendaires,  16/  net,  bds. 
Seth's  (A.)  Man's  Place  in  the  Cosmos,  and  other  Essays, 
cr.  8vo.  7/6  net,  cl. 

History  and  Biography. 
Colville's  (J.)  Byways  of  History,  Studies  in  Social  Life  and 

Rural  Economy  of  Olden  Time,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Cool's  (Capt.  W.)  With  the  Dutch  in  the  East,  illus.  21/  cl. 
Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  Vol.  60,  royal  8vo.  15/  net. 
Eminent  Persons,  Biographies  reprinted  from  the  'Times,' 

Vol.  6,  cr.  8vo.  3,  ii  el. 
Gough  (General  Sir  A.)  and  Innes's  (A.  D.)  The  Sikhs  and 

t  lie  Sikh  Wars,  8vo.  16/  cl. 
K.  nt's  (C.  F.)  A  History  of  the  Hebrew  People.  Vol.  2,  6/  cl. 
Wagner's  (Richard)  Letters  to  August  Roeckel,  translated  by 
E.  C.  Sellar,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 

Geography  and  Travel. 
Freeman's  (E.   A.)   Sketches  of  Travel  in  Normandy  and 

Maine,  cr.  8vo.  K/6  cl. 
Thomson's  (II.   C.)  The  Outgoing  Turk,  Impressions  of  a 
Journey  through  the  Western  ll;ilkans,  8vo.  14/  net,  cl. 
Philology. 
liruzcmakcr's  (J.  J.)  Second  French  Course,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Temple's   (G.)   A    Glossary    of   Indian    Terms    relating  to 

Religion.  Customs,  \c,  royal  Bvo.  7/6  cl. 
Thimm's(C.  A.)  Egyptian  Self-Taught,  cr.  8vo.  2/ swd. 
Wlnjkoopi  <K*v.  .1.  l>.)  Manual  of  Hebrew  Syntax,  5/  net. 

•Science. 
Bailey's  (G.  H.)  First  Stage  Inorganic  Chemlstrv.  2/  cl. 
Benton's  (C.  J.)  A  Table  of  the  Principal  Stars,  8vo.  2/  swd. 


ButterfiU's    (H.    H.)   First  Principles  of   Mechanical    and 

Engineering  Drawing,  8vo.  7/6  cl. 
Cabot's  (R.  C.)  A  Guide  to  the  Clinical  Examination  of  the 

Blood,  8vo.  16/  cl. 
Davis's  (E.  P.)  A  Treatise  on  Obstetrics,  royal  8vo.  16/  net. 
Mason's  (R.  O.)  Telepathy  and  the  Subliminal  Self,  6/  cl. 
Matriculation  Model  Answers  :  Heat  and  Light,  cr.  8vo.  2/ 
Teegan's  (T.   H.)  Key    to    Elementary   and  Intermediate 

Algebra,  cr.  8vo.  5/  net,  cl. 
Thomson's  (R.)  The  Plagues  of  Egypt  and  their  Relation  to 

the  Natural  Phenomena  of  the  Land,  cr.  8vo.  3/  cl. 
Treatise  on  Surgery,  by  American  Authors,  2  vols.  34/  net. 
Woll's  (F.  W.)  A  Handbook  for  Farmers  and  Dairymen,  6/6 

General  Literature. 
Addison's  Sir  Roger  de  Coverley,  with  Full  Notes  by  J.  B. 

and  A.  A.  Large,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 
Addison's  Spectator,  Selections,  ed.  Rev.  H.  Evans,  2/  cl. 
Balzac's  A  Woman  of  Thirty,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net,  cl. 
Bodkin's  (M.  McD.)  White  Magic,  a  Novel,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Clark's  (Capt.  C.)  My  Yarns  of  Sea  Foam  and  Gold  Dust,  6/ 
Colmore's  (G.)  Love  for  a  Key,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  net,  sewed. 
Cornford's  (L.  C.)  The  Master  Beggars,  illus.  4/6  net,  cl. 
Dawe's  (C.)  Capt.  Castle,  a  Tale  of  the  China  Seas,  6/  cl. 
Dewar's  (G.  A.  B.)  The  Book  of  the  Dry  Fly,  8vo.  15/  net,  cl. 
Fitzpatrick's  (J.  P.)  The  Outspan,  Tales  of  South  Africa,  3/6 
Forbes's  (A.  W.  H.)  Is  Science  Guilty  ?  or  Some  of  the  Sins 

of  Scientific  Civilization,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  cl. 
Friswell's  (J.  H.)The  Burden  of  Life,  a  Volume  of  Essays,  3/6 
Gunter's  (A.  C.)  Don  Balasco  of  Key  West,  cr.  8vo.  2/  boards. 
Howells's  (W.  D.)  The  Landlord  at  Lion's  Head,  cr.  8vo.  6/cl. 
Johnson's  (T.)  The  Swedish  System  of  Physical  Education, 

illustrated,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  net,  cl. 
Lilly's  (W.  S.)  Essays  and  Speeches,  8vo.  12/  cl. 
Macleod's    (F.)     Spiritual    Tales,    Barbaric    Tales,    Tragic 

Romances,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  each,  net,  sewed. 
Macrae's  (D.)  The  Railway  Chase  and  Popping  the  Question, 

with  other  Sketches,  cr.  8vo.  2/  cl. 
Morrah's  (H.)  The  Faithful  City,  a  Romance,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 
Murray's  (D.  C.)  Mount  Despair,  and  other  Stories,  2/  bds. 
Ouida's  The  Massarenes,  cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

Short  Innings,  A,  a  Public  School  Episode,  by  Tivoli,  3/6  cl. 
Strachey's  (J.  St.  L.)  From  Grave  to  Gay,  Essays  and  Studies, 

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Street's  (L.)  Nell  and  the  Actor,  cr.  8vo.  3/6  cl. 
Tales  from  the  Isles  of  Greece,  translated  by  W.  H.  D. 

Rouse,  cr.  8vo.  2/6  net,  cl. 
Unknown  God,  The,  12mo.  2/6  net,  cl. 
Winter's  (J.  S.)  Into  an  Unknown  World,  a  Novel,  6/  cl. 
Yeats's  (S.  L.)  A  Galahad  of  the  Creeks,  and  other  Stories, 

cr.  8vo.  6/  cl. 

FOREIGN. 

Fine  Art  and  Archeology. 

Amelung  (W.) :    Fiihrer  durch  die   Antiken  in    Florenz, 

5m. 
Brunn  (H.)  :  Griechische  Kunstgeschichte,  Book  2,  7m.  50. 

Poetry  and  the  Drama. 
Boschot  (A.) :  La  CrisePoetique,  2fr.  50. 

Political  Economy. 
Block  (M.)  :  Les  Progrgs  de  la  Science  Economique  depuis 

Adam  Smith,  2  vols.  16fr. 
Molinari  (M.  G.  de) :  La  Viriculture,  3fr.  50. 
Say  (L.)  et  Chaill?y-Bert   (J.):    Supplement  au  Nouveau 

Dictionnaire  d'Economie  Politique,  5fr. 

history  and  Biography. 
Armaill6  (Comtesse  d') :  Une  Fiancee  de  Napoleon,  Desiree 

Clary,  Heine  de  Suede,  1777-1860,  3fr.  50. 
Aumale  (Le  Due  d') :  Le  Roi  Louis  Philippe  et  le  Droit  de 

Grace,  1830-1848,  Ofr.  50. 
Barante  (C.de) :  Souvenirs  du  Baron  de  Barante,  1782-1866, 

Vol.  6,  7fr.  50. 

General  Literature. 
Fabre  (F.) :  Taillevent,  3fr.  50. 
Gyp  :  Jotes  d'Amour,  3fr.  50. 
Lacour  (P.) :  Cceurs  d  Amants,  3fr.  50. 
Maisonneuve  (H.) :  L'Une  ou  l'Autre,  3fr.  50. 
OMonroy  (R.) :  Tutur  et  Toto,  3fr.  50. 
Vande>em  (F.) :  Les  Deux  Rives,  3fr.  50. 
Xanrof  :  Cris  du  Coeur,  2fr. 
Zola  (lS.)  :  Nouvelle  Campagne,  3fr.  50. 


TWO  PROTHALAMIA. 

King's  College,  London,  March  22,  1897. 

Surely  your  correspondent  of  last  week 
makes  too  much  of  what  he  seems  to  think  is 
a  great  discovery,  and  far  too  much  of  its  im- 
portance. Even  such  an  accessible  and  current 
volume  as  Murray's  '  Handbook  for  the  Eastern 
Counties '  mentions  Vallans's  '  Tale  of  Two 
Swannes  '  (see  p.  82  of  the  first  edition,  1870). 
Happening  many  years  ago  to  be  writing  some 
notes  on  the  '  Prothalamion,'  and  having  noticed 
the  title  of  Vallans's  poem,  I  at  once  perused 
the  '  Tale  of  Two  Swans,'  and  came  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  'Prothalamion'  owed  very  little, 
if  anything,  to  it — certainly  not  anything  of 
importance ;  and  after  reading  your  corre- 
spondent's remarks  that  is  still,  with  all 
deference,  my  conclusion. 

It  may  be  well  to  give  the  full  title  of  Vallans's 
work  :  '  The  Tale  of  Two  Swans,  wherein  is 
comprehended  the  original  and  increase  of 
the  River  Lea,  commonly  called  Ware  River  ; 
together  with  tho  Antiquities  of  Sundrie  Places 
and  Towns  seated  upon  the  same.'  Quid  hoc  ad 
Prothalamion  t 

In  tho  Elizabethan  times  swans  wero  very 
common  objects  on  the  Thames  near  London  as 


i  1 0 


T  II  E     A  Til  KX.K  D  M 


they  arc  still  en  ill.,  uppi  t  n  w  \u  i  of  the  river, 
•l"1'  I""'   before  Vallans  a  muofa  more  famous 

on  bad  employed  t  swan  for  descriptive 
purposes,  so  to  ■peek,  <. ...  had  represented  • 
swan  floating  down  ■  river,  and  bo  taken  the 
opportunity  of  sketching  the  banks  and  pi 
and  things  of  interest  on  them.  This  was  no 
other  than  Leland  in  his  K£kv«u>v  ao-ua,  G$ 
Oantio,  who  in  this  way  does  for  the  Thames 
in  oharming  Latin  hendeoasyUabios  what  in  his 
not  always  vivacious  blank  verse  Yallans  does 
for  the  Lea.  Bo  if  the  "  palma  "  for  this  idea 
is  to  be  borne  off  by  anybody — "  palma tn  qui 
meruil    ferat  "  quotes    your  correspondent — it 

iKl  be  borne  oil'  by  Leland  rather  than 
Yallans  ;  but  .assuredly  Thames  swans  are  not 
so  rare  in  poetry  in  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries—  see  Ben  Jonson,  for  instance 
— that  they  can  be  monopolized. 

Then  as  to  details,  your  correspondent  urges 
these  parallels  :  (1)  He  says  Vallans  speaks  of 
Cynthia  and  how  she  outshines  the  lesser  stars, 
and  so  Spenser  ;  (2)  Vallans  speaks  of  "  the  Lee," 
and  Spenser  has  "  down  along  the  Lee  ";  (3)  Val- 
lans has  "the  meadows  with  their  partie-coloured 
coats,"  and  describes  Thames'  bank  as  "paynted 
all  with  variable  flowers";  (4)  Vallans  uses  the 
words  "  nurse  "  and  "  merry,"  and  so  Spenser  ; 
(5)  there  is  the  same  "feeling  "in  Vallans's 
opening  lines  and  in  Spenser's ;  (6)  Vallans 
says  swans  had  drawn  Venus's  chariot,  and  so 
Spenser ;  (7)  Vallans  eulogizes  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  so  Spenser;  (8)  both  Vallans  and 
Spenser  compare  the  swans'  whiteness  to  snow. 
Now  is  it  possible— with  all  seriousness  I  ask 
the  question— is  it  possible  to  read  these  paral- 
lelisms without  being  reminded  of  the  immortal 
"comparisons"  between  Macedon  and  Mon- 
mouth? All  your  readers  will  sympathize  with 
Mr.  Wickham  Flower's  wish  to  have  justice 
done  to  an  interesting  old  poem  ;  but  is  it  pos- 
sible, when  he  writes  "thusly,"  to  keep  out  of 
one's  thoughts  Fluellen's  celebrated  speech? 
There  are  such  things  as  common  property  in 
literature.  Probably  both  Vallans  and  Spenser 
were  well  acquainted  with  Horace's  "  velut  inter 
ignes  Luna  minores,"  &c.  As  to  the  "Lee," 
Vallans  means  the  Lea  still  so  called  ;  Spenser 
probably  uses  here  as  elsewhere  an  old  common 
noun  meaning  "a  river";  see  'The  Ruines  of 
Times  ': — 

Whitest  thus  I  looked  loe  !  adown  the  Lee 
I  saw  an  Harpe,  &c  ; 

and  '  Faerie  Queene,'  V.  19,  1  :— 

His  corps  was  carried  down  along  the  Lee 

(i.  e.,  the  corpse  of  the  Saracen  slain  by  Sir 
Artegali).  As  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  see  Spenser's 
praises  of  her  in  the  'Shepheard's  Calendar  '  and 
the  '  Faerie  Queene  '  jmssim.  Certainly  it  can- 
not be  denied  that  both  writers  in  this  instance 
name  "the  world  "  in  lauding  her  ;  but  how  else 
are  the  references  "very  similar"?  Eliza- 
bethan literature  abounds  in  such  eulogies  of 
the  sovereign. 

But  suppose  such  parallelisms  could  be  main- 
tained, what  would  be  their  value  ?  Would  they 
one  whit  justify  against  Spenser  the  charge  of 
plagiarism— of  "appropriating  without  permis- 
sion the  work  "  of  another  writer  of  his  time, 
which  is  unmistakably  suggested  or  advanced 
by  Mr.  Flower?  Spenser  took  from  Vallans 
"what  was  not  his  own."  What  was  it,  then, 
he  took  ?  Was  it  anything  whatever  of  real 
importance,  or  that  is  worth  considering  > 
"Palmam  qui  meruit  ferat,"  and  Vallans,  it°is 
implied,  deserves  the  palm,  and  ought  to  have 
it.  But  why  ?  Certainly  no  reason  has  yet 
been  assigned  for  such  a  transference.  For  the 
sake  of  argument,  take  away  from  Spenser  the 
things  which  Mr.  Flower  alleges  he  "appro- 
priated"; would  Spenser's  poem  suffer  any 
appreciable  loss  ?  Suppose  it  were  conceded 
that  Spenser  borrowed  the  idea  of  the  swans 
drawing  Venus's  chariot  from  Vallans,  is  the 
"  palm  "  to  be  handed  over  to  Vallans  ? 

The  merit  of  Vallans's  verses  is  not  now 
before    us.      It    may    bo,   and   perhaps    it    is, 


Qotioeable.     But   why  should    an  attempt 
made    to    extol    Vallans    el     the    i  of 

Spenser?    This  is  not  to  do  Vallans  any  ■■ 

The  very  heading  of  .M,-.  Flower's  article— 

Two  Protbalamia '— is  not  to  be  justified.     I- 

is  quite    misleading.     Vallans    calls   his  poem 

a    'Tale     of    Two     Swans.'      Ell     birds    Vm 
down    the    Lea,    which     at   last    flows    into     the 
Thames,  and  they  an.'  employed,  as  said  befi 

for  descriptive  purposes.     Spenser's  birds  are 

two  ladies  about  to  he  married  to  two  gentle- 
men—"two  gentle  knights  of  lovely  face  and 
feature";  for  when  the  swans,  after  floating 
down  the  Thames,  reach  Essex  House,  Spenser 
forgets  his  allegory,  and  "two  gentle  knights  " 
issue  from  "those  high  towers,"  and  receive 
"  those  two  fair  brides,  their  love's  delight." 

Lastly,  Mr.  Flower  has  not  studied  Spenser's 
poem  very  carefully,  or  he  would  have  seen  it 
was  written,  not  in  1595,  but  in  159G,  as  it 
alludes  to  the  Earl  of  Essex's  famous  expedition 
to  Cadiz,  from  which  he  returned  in  August. 
He  was  back  at  home,  and  Spenser  was  one 
of  his  guests,  when  the  '  Prothalamion  '  was 
written.  John  W.  Hales. 

I  have  been  much  interested  in  reading  Mr. 
Wickham  Flower's  communication  (p.  378)  on 
Vallans's  poem,  first  printed  in  1590.  I  have  had 
a  copy  of  it  in  my  possession  for  some  years,  and 
long  ago  arrived  at  Mr.  Flower's  opinion  con- 
cerning it,  namely,  that  it  must  have  been  well 
known  to  Spenser,  and  undoubtedly  inspired  his 
subsequently  printed  'Prothalamion.'  The  truth 
of  this  has  been  now  sufficiently  demonstrated 
by  Mr.  Flower,  and  it  is  unnecessary  to  em- 
phasize it.  I  need  only  refer  to  it  for  the 
purpose  of  quoting  a  line  which  has  escaped  the 
notice  of  Shakspearean  critics,  and  serves  to 
illustrate  and  explain  a  couplet  in  'As  You  Like 
It,'  upon  the  precise  rendering  of  which  com- 
mentators are  not  agreed.  1  allude  to  the  words 
of  the  song  (Act  II.  sc.  v.)  which  commences  :  — 

Under  the  greenwood  tree 
Who  loves  to  lie  with  me. 

the  disputed  word  occurring  in  the  third  line— 

And  tune  his  merry  note 
Unto  the  sweet  bird's  throat. 

The  point  at  issue  is  whether  Shakspeare  wrote 
"  tune  "  or  "turn,"  and  it  is  easy  to  see  how  a 
compositor  may  well  have  printed  the  one  word 
for  the  other.  The  earlier  editions  have  "turn," 
which  is  retained  by  Dyce  and  by  the  editors  of 
the  '  Cambridge  Shakespeare  '  in  spite  of  Pope's 
suggestion  that  "tune  "  is  the  right  word.  With 
all  deference  to  the  first-named  authorities,  I  am 
persuaded  that  Pope's  view  is  the  correct  one. 
To  an  ornithologist  who  understands  music  and 
appreciates  the  songs  of  birds  there  can  be 
hardly  any  doubt  on  the  point,  and  confirma- 
tion of  this  is  afforded  by  a  line  in  the  poem 
now  under  consideration,  '  A  Tale  of  Two 
Swannes  ': — 

Where  Venus  like  the  Goddesse  of  great  Love 
Sate  lovely  by  the  running  river  side 
Tuning  her  Lute  unto  the  waters  fall. 

Gilbert  White  shared  Pope's  view,  and  thought 
the  bird  alluded  to  by  Shakspeare  might  be  the 
blackcap.  In  his  third  letter  to  Daines  Barring- 
ton  (first  ed.,  p.  124)  he  remarks  that  the  note  of 
this  bird  "has  such  a  wild  sweetness  that  it 
always  brings  to  my  mind  those  lines  in  a  song 
in  '  As  You  Like  It ' : — 

And  tune  his  merry  not.' 
Unto  the  tweet  bird's  throat." 

Another  point  of  interest  to  ornithologists 
may  be  noted,  namely,  that  this  poem  affords 
an  illustration  of  the  use  of  the  word  "  husk- 
ing," to  denote  the  peculiar  manner  in  which  a 
swan  when  swimming  carries  the  wings  arched 
above  the  back.  In  an  article  contributed  to  the 
Zoologist  in  October,  1895,  on  the  origin  of  the 
terms  "  cob  "  and  "pen"  as  applied' to  swans, 
I  pointed  this  out,  and  quoted  from  Vallans's 
poem  as  follows  : — 

"In  some  of  the  old  writers  we  find  a  special 
term—'  busking  '—to  denote  this  peculiar  action;  to 


N  3622,  .Mm:,  h  27, 


husk,  or  Lush  out  the  wings,  evidently  fr 

or  boske    OK.  boa  enU-  ' 

rV     ,'y  ,'  I     bu,  krt,' 

and  bhaknpeare  in   'The    1. •„,]..    • 
has' my  bosky  sent  and  my  unshrub  •    '/ 

direct   application  of    the  term    to  the  bird  i  ■ 
DOtlOe    may   l„-    found  in  'A    Tale  of  Two  Swtl  • 

Printed    in     London    by    Roger    Ward    for  John 
Sheldrake  in  1590.    Jim*:— 

uide  many  a  mllke-whiU  Swaon* 
Attending  for  to  entertain  their  Prta 
ajnong  Hi.-  which  irai  m  iccompt 

Thai  biuktd  up  hie  willies  h 
And  so  salutes  this  wortble  oottipna 

J.  E.  Ham i 


THK   DB8TBUOT10N   OP  THK   SPANISH   AUMADA 
Cavendish  Mansions.  Portland  Plac- 

Dlkino  the  reading  of  a  paper  by  me  on  the 
above  subject  before  the  Royal  Historical  Society 
on  January  18th  last,  I  mentioned  incidentally 
that  I  was  preparing  for  publication  an  English 
version  of  Capt.  Cuellar's  narrative  of  his  extra- 
ordinary  adventures  in  Ireland  in  1588.  My 
friend  Prof.  Laughton  was  good  enough 
inform  me  that  I  had  been  anticipated,  and 
that  another  translation  was  in  the  press.  I 
presume  that  this  is  the  version  referred 
by  Mr.  Crawford  in  your  issue  of  March  13th 
as  being  the  work  of  Mr.  H.  Dwight  Sedgwick. 
As  I  have  studied  the  document  somewhat 
closely,  I  can  positively  confirm  Mr.  Craw- 
ford's suggestion  that  Capt.  Cuellar's  narrative 
was  not  written  to  the  king.  I  have  not  seen 
Mr.  Sedgwick's  version,  but  I  gather  from  I 
Crawford's  letter  that  there  is  some  confu 
with  regard  to  the  name  of  the  hospitable  chief 
by  whom  Cuellar  was  entertained  and  whose 
castle  he  defended.  Cuellar  calls  him  Manglana, 
and  I  gather  that  Mr.  Sedgwick  supposes  his 
name  to  have  been  MacClancy.  Mr.  Froude 
confessed  himself  puzzled,  and  gave  up  the 
riddle. 

There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  the 
chief  in  question  was  MacGlanogh,  a  vassal  of 
O'Rourke's,  who  lived  on  Lough  Melvin.  My 
perusal  of  the  narrative  conveyed  to  me  that 
the  castle  of  MacGlanogh  was  inaccessible  by 
armed  men  from  the  shore  nearest  to  it,  as  all 
that  side  of  the  lake  was  a  bog.  In  the  '  Four 
Masters,'  and  also  in  the  calendars  of  Irish 
State  Papers,  many  references  to  this  castle 
and  village  will  be  found,  with  descriptions 
exactly  tallying  with  that  given  by  Cuellar. 
The  place  had  been  captured  from  the 
MacClancys  by  an  ancestor  of  MacGlanogh  in 
1421.  Martin  A.  S.  Hume. 


THE  REV.  WILLIAM   FULFORD. 

The  Rev.  William  Fulford,  whose  death  was 
lately  recorded  in  some  of  the  daily  newspapers, 
was  one  of  that  brilliant  group  of  young  men 
who  in  1856  produced  the  twelve  numbers  of 
the  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Magazine,  now  so 
eagerly  sought  by  collectors  of  the  works  of 
William  Morris.  Born  in  Birmingham  in  LS 
Fulford  was  educated  at  King  Edward's  Grammar 
School  and  at  Pembroke  College,  Oxford.  Having 
taken  classical  honours  and  graduated  as  a 
Master  of  Arts,  he  accepted  a  classical  mastership 
at  a  school  at  Wimbledon,  where  in  1S55  and 
1856  Dr.  Aldis  Wright  was  mathematical  master. 
The  school  was  one  at  which  pupils  were  pre- 
pared for  Addiscombe.  In  1S56,  when  William 
Morris  embarked  both  money  and  mental  capital 
in  the  Oxford  and  Cambridgi  Magazine,  he 
appointed  Fulford  editor.  In  that  capacity  he 
must  have  done  his  work  very  well,  for,  apart 
from  the  considerable  mass  of  contributions 
from  his  own  pen  and  Morris's,  the  articles  got 
together  are  notable  enough,  and  the  greater 
number  of  the  contributors  have  become  distin- 
guished in  one  connexion  or  another.  To  name 
these  young  men  will  suffice  on  the  present  occa- 
sion :  Judge  Lushington,  his  brother  Sir  Godfrey 
Lushington,  Dr.  Aldis  Wright,  Prof.  Lewis 
Campbell,  Canon  R  W.  Dixon,  Mr.  Cormell 
Price,   the   late    Mr.   Charles   Faulkner  (some- 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENJEUM 


417 


time  partner  in  the  firm  of  Morris,  Marshall, 
Faulkner  &  Co.),  the  late  Mr.  Wilfred  Heeley, 
the  late  Mr.  Bernard  Cracroft,  Sir  Edward 
Burne-Jones,  Mr.  Robert  Campbell,  and  Dante 
Gabriel  Rossetti.  Besides  this  brilliant  assem- 
blage of  the  male  sex,  there  was  one  lady  among 
Mr.  Fulford's  contributors,  Lady  Burne-Jones  ; 
and  I  believe  the  list  is  now  completely  pub- 
lished for  the  first  time. 

Mr.  Fulford's  own  contributions  should  be 
named  in  detail.  They  are  (1)  'An  Essay  on 
Tennyson'  in  three  parts;  (2)  "In  youth  I 
died,"  a  poem;  (3)  'Found  yet  Lost,'  a  tale  ; 
(4)  '  A  Few  Words  concerning  Plato  and 
Bacon';  (5)  'Fear,' a  poem  ;  (6)  'Remembrance,' 
a  poem;  (7)  '  Troilus  and  Cressida ';  (8)  'A 
Night  in  a  Cathedral  ';  (9)  'The  Suitor  of  Low 
Degree,'  a  poem;  (10)  'The  Singing  of  the 
Poet,'  a  poem  ;  (11)  '  A  Study  in  Shakespeare  '; 
(12)  'To  the  English  Army  before  Sebastopol,' 
a  poem  ;  (13)  '  Woman,  her  Duties,  Education, 
and  Position';  (14)  '  Cavalay,  a  Chapter  of  a 
Life';  (15)  'Alexander  Smith';  (16)  'A  Year 
Ago,'  a  poem;  (17)  'Shakespeare's  "Twelfth 
Night'";  (18)  'Rogers's  Table -Talk';  (19) 
*  Childhood,'  a  poem.  The  whole  of  the  poems 
reappeared  in  a  volume  published  by  Mr.  Ful- 
ford  in  1859  under  the  title  of  '  Songs  of  Life. ' 
This  volume  was  followed  in  1862  by  a  more 
ambitious  one,  '  Saul,  a  Dramatic  Poem  ; 
Elizabeth,  an  Historical  Ode  ;  and  other 
Poems'  (among  which,  by-the-by,  is  a  very 
tender  and  generous  '  Lament  for  the  Death  of 
Shelley ').  Three  years  later,  in  1865,  Mr. 
Fulford  made  his  last  appeal  to  an  unregarding 
or  little  regarding  public  in  '  Lancelot  :  with 
Sonnets  and  other  Poems,'  including  a  dra- 
matic piece  called  '  Buondelmonti's  Wedding.' 

Most  of  his  work  in  verse  is  marked  by 
metrical  qualities,  showing  that  he  had  a 
fine  ear.  His  moral  sense,  or  sense  of  moral 
beauty,  was  very  high  ;  indeed,  he  may  be  said 
to  have  discerned  beauty  mainly  through  the 
moral  sense,  and  to  have  discerned  it  with 
absorbing  pleasure.  But  in  much  of  his  work 
he  was  too  directly  dependent  on  other  poets. 
"In  youth  I  died"  has  very  justly  been  in- 
cluded in  several  anthologies,  and  there  are 
many  pieces  among  those  in  which  he  was  least 
imitative  that  deserve  similar  preservation. 

Mr.  Fulford  was  for  some  years  an  army 
coach,  and  continued  to  be  so  until  his  health 
began  to  fail.  He  had  considerable  individuality 
of  character,  and  inspired  affection  in  those  who 
knew  him  well.  His  most  notable  book,  the 
'  Saul '  volume,  was  dedicated  to  his  friend  and 
brother  poet  Canon  Dixon,  already  named  in 
this  notice  as  one  of  his  coadjutors  in  the 
Oxford  and  Cambridge  Magazine.  Mr.  Fulford 
died  at  St.  Barnabas's  Home,  East  Grinstead, 
on  the  2nd  inst.  H.  B.  F. 


THE  SPRING  PUBLISHING  SEASON. 
The  Cambridge  University  Press  promises 
the  following  works  :  '  An  Introduction  to  the 
Greek  Old  Testament,'  by  Prof.  Swcte,— 'The 
Sarum  Consuetudinary,'  edited  by  the  Rev. 
W.  H.  Frere,  —  '  Notes  on  New  Testament 
Translation,  being  Otium  Norvicense,  Part  III.,' 
with  additions  by  the  late  Dr.  Field,— 'The 
Mission  of  St.  Augustine  to  England,'  edited 
by  Canon  A.  J.  Mason, — '  A  Selection  of  Pas- 
sages of  Unpointed  Hebrew  from  Genesis, 
Isaiah,  and  the  Psalms,'  by  Prof.  W.  H.  Ben- 
nett,— in  "  The  Cambridge  Greek  Testament 
for  Schools,"  'The  Pastoral  Epistles,'  by  Dr. 
J.  H.  Bernard,  — in  the  "Cambridge  Bible  for 
Schools,"  '  The  Books  of  Joel  and  Amos,'  by 
Canon  Driver  ;  and  '  The  First  Book  of  Mac- 
cabees,' by  tbe  Rev.  W.  Fairweather  and  the 
Rev.  .J.  8.  Black, — in  "Texts  and  Studies," 
'The  Curetonian  Syriac  Gospels,' re-edited  by 
Mr.  F.  C.  Burkitt ;  '  Clement  of  Alexandria  : 
Quia  Dives  Salvetur?'  re-edited  by  Mr.  P.  M. 
Barnard;  and  'Palladius:  Historia  Lausiaca,' 
by  the  Rev.  E.  C.  Butler,  O.S.B.,— in   "  Studia 


Sinaitica,"  'A  Palestinian  Syriac  Lectionary,' 
edited  by  Mrs.  Lewis  and  Prof.  Nestle  ;  '  Select 
Narratives  of  Holy  Women,'  Part  I.,  with  a 
translation  by  Mrs.  Lewis  ;  '  The  Stories  of 
Barbara  and  Irene,'  from  the  Sinai  palimpsest, 
by  Mrs.  Lewis  ;  '  The  Stories  of  Euphemia  and 
Sophia,'  from  the  Sinai  palimpsest,  by  Mrs.^ 
Lewis  ;  and  '  The  Stories  of  Cyprian  and  Justa,' 
in  Greek,  Arabic,  and  Syriac  of  the  eighth 
century,  by  Mrs.  Lewis  and  Mrs.  Gibson,— 
Vol.  Ill  of  'The  Jataka,'  translated  by  Mr. 
H.  T.  Francis  and  Mr.  R.  A.  Neil,— 'The 
Syriac  Version  of  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of 
Eusebius,'  edited  by  Dr.  W.  Wright  and  Mr. 
N.  McLean, — '  Selected  Poems  from  the  Divani 
Hamsi  Tabriz,'  edited  by  Mr.  R.  A.  Nicholson, 

'Aristophanes:    Equites,'    with    introduction 

and  notes  by  Mr.  R.  A.  Neil,—'  Herondas :  The 
Mimes,' edited  by  Mr.  W.  Headlam,—' Plato  : 
Philebus,' edited  by  the  Rev.  R.  G.  Bury,— 'The 
Fragments  of  Sophocles,'  by  Prof.  Jebb, — 
'The  Italic  Dialects,'  by  Mr.  R.  S.  Conway, 
—'Plato  :  Republic,'  edited  by  Mr.  J.  Adam, 
— 'Brevia  Placitata,'  by  Mr.  G.  I.  Turner,— 
'Onomasticon  Anglo-Saxonicum,'  by  the  Rev. 
W.  G.  Searle, — '  The  Economical  Works  of  Sir 
William  Petty,'  edited  by  Prof.  Hull,  of  Cornell, 
— '  The  Catalogue  of  the  Library  at  Sion  Monas- 
tery,'edited  by  Miss  Bateson,— in  the  "His- 
torical Series,"  'The  Foundation  of  the  German 
Empire,  1815-1871,'  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Headlam  ; 
and  'Italy  from  1815,'  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Stillman, 
—in  the  "  Geographical  Series,"  '  A  History  of 
Ancient  Geography,'  by  the  Rev.  H.  F.  Tozer,— 
Part  II.  of  the  '  Statutes  of  Lincoln  Cathedral,' 
arranged  by  the  late  Henry  Bradshaw,  edited 
by  the  Rev.  C.  Wordsworth,— Vol.  III.  of  'The 
Archives  of  the  London  Dutch  Church,'  edited 
by  Mr.  Hessels,— 'The  Triumphs  of  Turlogh,' 
edited  by  Dr.  Standish  O'Grady,— 'An  Old 
English  (West-Saxon)  Grammar,'  by  Mr.  A.  J. 
Wyatt,— Vol.  II.  of  Prof.  Lambros's  '  Catalogue 
of  the  Greek  Manuscripts  on  Mount  Athos,' — 
'  Catalogue  of  Vases  in  the  Fitzwilliam  Museum,' 
by  Mr.  E.  A.  Gardner,— '  Arnold  of  Rugby,' 
by  Mr.  J.  J.  Findlay,— '  King  Lear,'  edited  by 
Mr.  Verity,— and  in  the  "Pitt  Press  Series," 
'Prometheus  Vinctus,'  edited  by  Mr.  W.  W. 
Walker;  'The  Olynthiac  Orations,'  edited  by 
Prof.  T.  R.  Glover  ;  Book  III.  of  the  '  De 
Bello  Civili,'  edited  by  Mr.  Peskett ;  '  Minna 
von  Barnhelm,'  edited  by  Mr.  Wolstenholme,— 
Part  II.  of  '  Quand  j'e"tais  Petit,'  edited  by  Mr. 
Boielle  ;  'Gray's  Poems,'  edited  by  the  Rev. 
D.  C.  Tovey  ;  '  Goethe's  Iphigenie,'  edited  by 
Dr.  Breul  ;  and  Book  III.  of  the  'Anabasis,' 
edited  by  Mr.  G.  M.  Edwards. 

Messrs.  Hutchinson  &  Co.'s  spring  announce- 
ments include  '  The  Romance  of  Isabel,  Lady 
Burton,  the  True  Story  of  her  Life,'  told  in 
part  by  herself  and  in  part  by  Mr.  W.  H. 
Wilkins,— '  Jane  :  a  Social  Incident,' by  Marie 
Corelli,— 'The  Jessamy  Bride,'  by  Mr.  Frank- 
fort Moore,  —  'The  Three  Daughters  of 
Night,'  by  Derek  Vane,  —  '  Human  Sacrifice 
amongst  the  Eastern  Jews,'  by  the  late  Sir 
Richard  Burton, — 'The  Dagger  and  the  Cross,' 
by  Mr.  J.  Hatton,  —  'The  Black  Mass,'  by 
Frederic  Breton,— '  The  Savage  Club  Papers,' 
edited  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Muddock,— 'In  Golden 
Shackles,'  by  Alien,— '  Elementary  Jane,'  by 
Mr.  R.  Pryce,— 'A  Passing  Madness,'  by 
Miss  F.  Marryat,— 'By  Right  of  Sword,'  by 
Mr.  A.  W.  Marchmont,— the  concluding  volume 
of  "The  Poets  and  Poetry  of  the  Century," 
'Moral  and  Religious  Verse,'  edited  by  Mr. 
A.  H.  Miles,  —  '  Maurice  Quain'  and  'The 
Adventure  of  the  Broad  Arrow,'  by  Mr.  Morley 
Roberts,  —  'The  Larranys,'  by  Ceorge  Ford, 
—  'They  that  Sit  in  Darkness,'  by  John 
Mackie,  —  'The  Water  -  Finder,'  by  Lucas 
Cleeve,— '  The  Lady  Charlotte,1  by  Miss  A.  Ser- 
geant,—'  Scarlet  and  Steel,' by  Mr.  Livingston 
Prescott,—  the  first  two  volumes  of  the  "Concise 
Knowledge  Library,"—  'Mrs.  Keith  Hamilton, 
M.B.,'  by  Miss  Annie  S.  Swan,  — '  Australia  in 
tho  Early  Days,'  by  Marcus  Clarke,  — '  Ripple 


and  Flood,'  by  James  Prior,— '  Hardy  Coni- 
ferous Trees,'  by  A.  D.  Webster,— '  That  Tree 
of  Eden,'  by  A.  Hamilton  Church, — and  'Father 
Hilarion,'  by  K.  D.  King. 

Messrs.  Partridge  &  Co.  promise  'The  Pil- 
grims of  the  Night,'  by  Sarah  Doudney,— 
'  Come,  Break  your  Fast,'  by  the  Rev.  M.  G. 
pearse,— '  The  Missing  Million,'  by  Mr.  Har- 
court  Burrage, — '  Scuttling  the  Kingfisher,' by 
Mr.  Alfred  E.  Knight,— 'The  United  States  of 
America  to  the  Time  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,' 
by  Mr.  Barnett  Smith,— '  Vashti  Savage,'  by 
Sarah  Ty tier, —in  the  "  Home  Library,"  '  Petrel 
Darcy,'  by  T.  Corrie,  and  'Honor,'  by  E.  M. 
Alford,— in  the  "Popular  Biographies,"  '  Capt. 
Allen  Gardiner,  Sailor  and  Saint,'  by  Jesse 
Page,— in  the  "World's  Wonders  Series," 
'  Marvels  of  Metals,'  by  F.  M.  Holmes,— also 
a  "British  Boys'  Library"  and  a  "British 
Girls'  Library." 


'ENGLISH  SCHOOLS  AT  THE  REFORMATION.' 

Mr.  Leach  returns  to  the  attack  in  the 
following  letter,  dated  March  15th  :— 

"Your  reviewer  in  your  last  week's  issue  tries  to 
evade  an  acknowledgment  of  ignorance  in  his  attack 
on  my  statement  as  to  the  marriage  of  canons  in 
early  English  collegiate  churches,  by  an  allegation 
which  is  due  either  to  carelessness  or  to  misrepre- 
sentation. For  his  defence  is,  he  '  reasonably  took 
exception  to  the  definition  of  secular  canons,  be- 
cause it  is  inapplicable  to  the  whole  of  the  period ' 
up  to  the  Reformation.  But  I  gave  no  'definition' 
of  secular  canons  ;  and  the  passage  in  which  I  de- 
scribed them  as  '  ordinary  clergymen,  who,  like  the 
canons  of  our  catbedrals  now,  married  and  gave  in 
marriage,'  occurs  in  a  section  headed  at  the  begin- 
ning and  on  the  top  of  each  page  'Early  College 
Schools.'  The  section  dealt  exclusively  with  the 
collegiate  churches  which  appear  in  Domesday 
Book,  a  dozen  of  which  I  mentioned  by  name,  all 
founded  in  '  Early  English,  i.e.  Pne-Norman  times.' 
When  I  came  to  deal  in  a  later  section  with  '  Later 
College  Schools,'  i.e.  tbose  founded  from  1250 
onwards,  I  expressly  spoke  (p.  20)  of  '  the  secular 
c]ergy— who,  by  this  time,  were  enforced  celibates 
like  the  monks.'  Either  your  reviewer  had  read 
both  these  sections,  which  only  occupy  eight  pages 
altogether,  or  he  had  not.  If  he  had,  he  has  deli- 
berately misrepresented  what  I  said.  If  he  had  not, 
he  was  grossly  careless  in  delivering  his  attack." 

Mr.  Leach's  section  on  "Early  College 
Schools"  deals  with  some  of  the  collegiate 
churches  which  appear  in  Domesday  Book,  but 
it  is  not  limited  to  the  period  before  the  Con- 
quest ;  it  consists  of  notes  on  the  history  of 
these  places  to  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  no  indication  is  given  that  the 
explanation  of  the  technical  term  "secular 
canon  "  is  intended  to  hold  good  only  of  pre- 
Norman  times.  We  had  observed  the  passage 
in  the  section  on  "Later  College  Schools,"  from 
which  it  appears  that  Mr.  Leach  is  of  opinion 
that  the  secular  clergy  had  become  "  enforced 
celibates  like  the  monks  "  by  the  middle  of  the 
thirteenth  century. 


TENNYSON   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Tart  I.— Contributions  to  Periodical 

Literature,  &c. 

1. 

'  The  Gem,  a  Literary  Anuual,'  1831,  p.  87. 

No  More.     ("Oh  sad  No  More!     Oh  sweet 

No  More  !  ") 

These  lines  have  not  been  included  in  any  of  the 
authorized  collected  editions  of  Tennyson's  works. 

'  The  (Jem,  a  Literary  Annual,'  1831,  p.  131. 
Anacreontics.  ("With  roses  musky  breathed.") 
These  verses  have  not  been  included  in  any  of  the 
authorized  collected  editions  of  Teunysou's  works. 
3. 
'  The  Gem,  a  Literary  Annual,'  1831,  pp.  212-213. 

A  Fragment. 

Wlicrc  is  the  Giant  of  the  Sun.  which  stood 
In  the  mldnOOD  the  K1(,r.V  "f  "lli  Rhodes. 

This  'Fragment'  has  not   been  Included  in  any 

of  tho  authorized  collected  editions  of  Teunysou'a 
works. 


418 


Til  E     ATI!  HXiEUM 


N°3622,  Mm:«h  27,  '97 


Ih.    Englishman's  Magazine,  vol.  i.  No.  5, 

Aurn.-t,  1831,  1'.  "-'.'1. 

Bonnet.   ("  Oheok  every  oatflaeh,  wary  ruder 

villy.") 

Beprinted  (with  text  unohenged,  but  with  tbc 
punctuation  slightly  modified)  in '  Friendship'!  Offer- 

mi;,'  1833,  p.  29.    Tin-  Bonnel  naa  not  been  Included 
in  uj  of  tlir  authorised  oolleoted  editions  of  Tenny- 

works. 

r«. 

'The  Vork.sliire  Literary  Annua],'  1832,  l>.  127. 
S.nniet.      ("There   .ire  three   things  which  fill 
my    heart    with     siylis. ")       Dated     "London, 
September  20th,  1831." 

This  Sonnet  has  not  been  included  in  any  of  the 
authorized  collected  editions  of  Tennyson's  works. 
It  was.  however,  reprinted  In  the  Athenaum, 
No.  2<n;-_>,  May  4th,  1887,  p.  692. 

6. 

'  Friendship's  Offering,  a  Literary  Album,'  1832, 

p.  367. 

Sonnet.  ("Me  my  own  Fate  to  lasting 
sorrow  doometh.") 

This  Sonnet  has  not  been  included  in  any  of  the 
authorized  collected  editions  of  Tennyson's  works. 

7. 
'  The  Keepsake,'  1837,  pp.  247-248. 

St.  Agnes. 

Deep  on  the  convent  roofs  the  anows 
Are  sparkling  to  the  moon. 

Reprinted  in  '  Poems,'  1842,  vol.  ii.  pp.  171-173. 
In  subsequent  editions  this  poem  appeared  under 
the  amended  title  of  '  St.  Agnes'  Eve.' 


'  The  Tribute  ;  a  Collection  of  Miscellaneous 
Unpublished  Poems,  by  Various  Authors,'  1837, 
pp.  244-250. 

Stanzas.     ("  Oh  that  'twere  possible.") 

In  1855  these  'StaDzas'  were  incorporated  into 
division  24  of  '  Maud.'  They  were,  however,  re- 
arranged ;  the  major  portion  of  the  latter  half  was 
omitted  ;  and  some  slight  alterations  were  made  in 
the  part  reprinted. 

9. 
Punch,  vol.  x.,  February  28th,  1846,  p.  103. 

The  New  Timon,  and  the  Poets. 

We  know  him,  out  of  Shakspeare's  art, 

And  those  fine  curses  which  he  spoke ; 
The  old  Timon,  with  his  noble  heart, 
That,  strongly  loathing,  greatly  broke. 

Signed  "  Alcibiades." 

This  poem  was  wisely  dropped  by  its  author,  and 
has  not  been  included  in  any  of  the  authorized  edi- 
tions of  his  collected  works.  It  was  written  under 
the  feelings  of  resentment  and  irritation  aroused  by 
Sir  E.  Bulwer  Lytton's  attack  in  '  The  New  Timon,' 
wherein  Tennyson  was  alluded  to  as  "  School-miss 
Alfred,"  and  his  poetry  described  as 
A  jingling  medley  of  purloined  conceits. 
Out-babying  Wordsworth  and  out-glittering  Keats. 

10. 
Punch,  vol.  x.,  March  7th,  1846,  p.  106. 

After-thought. 

Ah,  God  !  the  petty  fools  of  rhyme, 
That  shriek  and  sweat  in  pigmy  wars. 

Signed  "Alcibiades." 

Reprinted  (under  the  amended  title  of  '  Literary 
Squabbles')  in  the  Library  Edition  of  Tennyson's 
'  Works,'  1872,  vol.  iii.  pp.  264-265. 

11. 
The  Examiner,  No.  2147,  March  24th,  1849,  p.  180. 

Stanzas  to .     ("  You  might  have  won  the 

Poet's  name. ") 

First  reprinted  in  '  Poems,'  sixth  edition,  1850, 
pp.  347-348. 

12. 
•The  Manchester  Athen;cum  Album,'  1850, p.  42. 

Lines.  ("Here  often,  when  a  child,  I  lay 
reclined.") 

These  '  Lines'  have  not  been  included  in  any  of 
the  authorized  collected  editions  of  Tennyson's 
works.  In  hS75  they  were  reprinted  in  Cope's 
Tobacco  Plant,  vol.  i.  No.  63,  p.  762. 

13. 
'  The  Keepsake,'  1851,  p.  22. 
Stanzas.      ("  What  time    I  wasted  youthful 
hours.") 

These  'Stanzas'  have  not  been  included  in  any  of 
the  authorized  editions  of  Tennyson's  collected 
works. 


II. 
'  The  .'  1 361,  p-  122. 

Stanzas.      ("Come  not,  when  I  am  dead.") 
Pint  reprinted   in  '  Poems,'  seventh   edition,  '■ 

15. 

The  Household  Narrative  ef  Current  Event*, 
February— March,  1861,  p.  71. 

To  W.  C.  Macready.  [A  Sonnet.]  ("Faro- 
well,  Macready,  since  to-night  we  part.") 

Beprinted  in  the  People's  and  HonitVt  Journal, 
N.S.,  part  xxi.,  April,  1861.  Also  included  in  Tenny- 
son's '  Collected    Works,'  1894,  p.  578. 

These  Hues  were  read,  witli  the  author's  permis- 
sion, by  John  Forster,  at  a  farewell  banquet  given 
to  Macready  on  Saturday,  March  1st,  1861.  Charles 
Dickens  and  Sir  E.  liulwer  Lytton  (who  occupied 
the  chair)  were  among  the  speakers. 

16. 
The  Examiner,  No.  2296,  January  31st,  1852,  p.  67. 

Britons  Guard  your  Own.  ("  Rise,  Britons, 
rise,  if  manhood  be  not  dead.")  The  poem  was 
unsigned.  Mr.  R.  Heme  Shepherd  was  in- 
correct in  reporting  it  as  signed  "Merlin." 

These  patriotic  stanzas  have  not  been  included 
in  any  of  the  authorized  editions  of  Tennyson's 
collected  works. 

17. 
The  Examiner,  No.  2297,  February  7th,  1852,  p.  85. 

The  Third  of  February,  1852.  Signed 
"Merlin." 

My  Lords,  we  heard  you  speak  :  you  told  us  all 
That  England's  honest  censure  went  too  far. 
First  reprinted  in  the  Library  Edition  of  Tenny- 
son's '  Works,'  1872,  vol.  iii.  pp.  193-195. 

18. 
The  Examiner,  No.  2297,  February  7th,  1852,  p.  86. 

Hands  all  Round.     Signed  "  Merlin." 

First  drink  a  health,  this  solemn  night, 
A  health  to  England,  every  guest. 

First  reprinted  (but  revised  so  freely  that  the 
poem  was  practically  rewritten)  in  'Tiresias,  and 
other  Poems,'  1885,  pp.  195-197. 

19. 
The  Examiner,  No.  2445,  December  9th,  1854,  p.  780. 
The  Charge   of  the  Light  Brigade.     Signed 
"A.T." 

Half  a  league,  half  a  league, 
Half  a  league  onward. 

Reprinted  in  '  Maud,'  1855,  pp.  151-154.  Also 
printed  in  August,  1855,  on  a  single  quarto  sheet 
(with  an  appropriate  prose  note  by  the  author 
added)  for  distribution  among  the  soldiers  in  the 
army  before  Sebastopol. 

In  the  Examiner  the  following  prose  note  was 
appended  to  the  poem  :  "  Written  after  reading  the 
first  report  of  the  Times  correspondent,  where  only 
607  sabres  are  mentioned  as  having  taken  part  in 
the  charge."    This  note  has  never  been  reprinted. 

20. 
The  Times,  No.  22,900,  January  26th,  1858,  p.  8. 

Two  Stanzas,  on  the  Marriage  of  the  Princess 
Royal.     ("God  Bless  our  Prince  and  Bride. ") 

These  wedding  verses  (two  stanzas  of  seven  lines 
each)  have  not  been  included  in  any  of  the  autho- 
rized collected  editions  of  Tennyson's  works.  They 
were  sung  at  the  royal  wedding  to  the  tune  of  the 
National  Anthem. 

21. 
The  Times,  No.  23,301,  May  9th,  1859,  p.  10. 

The  War.  ("There  is  a  sound  of  thunder 
afar.")     Signed  "T." 

Reprinted  in  '  The  Death  of  (Knone,  Akbar's 
Dream,  and  other  Poems,'  1892,  pp.  93-95  (under  the 
amended  —  and  better  known — title,  'Riflemeo 
Form  ! '),  with  the  following  prose  note  added  :  — 
"  I  have  been  asked  to  republish  this  old  poem, 
which  was  first  published  in  the  Times,  May  9th, 
1859,  before  the  Voluuteer  movement  began." 

22. 
Once  a  Week,  vol.  i.  No.  3,  July  16th,  1859,  pp.  11-1.!. 

The  Grandmother's  Apology.  [With  an  Illus- 
tration by  J.  E.  Millais.]  ("And  Willy,  my 
eldest  born,  is  gone,  you  say,  little  Anne  I  ") 

Reprinted  in  'Enoch  Arden,'  &c,  1864,  pp.  111- 
1-7,  under  the  amended  title  of  'The  Grandmother.' 

23. 

Macmillan's  Magazine,  vol.  i.  No.  3,  January,  1860, 

pp.  191-198. 

Sea  Dreams  :  an  Idyll.  ("  A  city  clerk,  but 
gently  born  and  bred.") 

Reprinted  in  '  Enoch  Arden,'  kc,  1S64,  pp.  96-113. 


CarnkUt  Magazine,  vol.  i.  No.  2,  February,  I860, 
pp.  175-176. 

Tithonus.      ("  Ay    me  !    ay    me  I    the    woods 
decay  and  fall.") 

Beprinted,  with  tome  interesting  emendations  in 
the   text,   in    'Enoch   Arden,'  kc.,  1864,   m 
In  the  later  revised  editions  the  opening  line  reads - 
.•. .x*I»  decay,  the  woods  decay  and  fall. 

'I'll--.!  ■.-    .1.    V. 


Uitcrnrt?  (Sosst'p. 

By  order  of  the  Trustees  of  the  British 
Museum  a  portfolio  of  facsimiles  from  early 
printed  books  in  the  Museum  collection, 
mostly  from  books  exhibited  in  the  King's 
Library,  will  shortly  be  pubhshed.  The 
portfolio  will  contain  thirty-two  plates  with 
full  descriptions,  the  books  illustrated  being, 
for  the  most  part,  of  the  greatest  rarity, 
while  the  large  size  of  many  of  them  has 
hitherto  prevented  their  being  given  as 
illustrations  in  histories  of  printing.  Among 
them  are  the  early  block- books  of  the  '  Are 
Moriendi '  and  '  Biblia  Pauperum,'  the  1454- 
1 455  indulgences,  the  Gutenberg  Bible,  Mentz 
Psalter  of  1457,  Mentz  Bible  of  1462,  speci- 
mens of  the  work  of  Sweynheim  &  Pan- 
nartz,  Jenson,  Patdolt,  and  Aldus,  of  the 
early  French  printers,  of  Gerard  Leeu  and 
Colard  Mansion,  six  Caxtons,  and  books 
printed  at  Oxford  and  St.  Albans,  and  by 
Machlinia,  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  and  Pynson. 

The  discovery  is  reported  from  Sandwich 
of  another  original  copy  of  Mrs.  Browning's 
'  The  Battle  of  Marathon,'  which  was 
printed  for  W.  Lindsell,  87,  Wimpole 
Street,  Cavendish  Square,  in  1820.  It  was 
bought  at  a  local  sale  with  a  number  of 
other  books  for  a  few  shillings.  Up  to  the 
year  1891  but  three  copies  of  this  scarce 
work  were  known  to  exist,  and  the  only 
one  that  has  ever  been  sold  by  auction 
realized  330  dollars  at  the  Foote  Sale  held 
at  New  York  a  couple  of  years  ago.  This 
may  have  been  one  of  the  three  copies 
already  mentioned,  but  in  any  case  only 
five  at  the  most  can  be  accounted  for  at 
the  present  time.  The  book  is  consequently 
scarcer  than  '  Pauline.'  Mr.  Browning  had 
neither  seen  nor  heard  of  a  copy  up  to 
within  a  short  time  of  his  death,  and,  when 
his  attention  was  called  to  it,  expressed  a 
doubt  whether  it  might  not  be  a  fabrication. 

Shortly  after  Easter  Mr.  Nutt  will  bring 
out  a  page-for-page  reprint  of  Words- 
worth's '  Poems  in  Two  Volumes '  of  1 807, 
similar  to  that  of  the  'Lyrical  Ballads' 
of  1798,  which  Prof.  Dowden  edited  for 
him  in  1890.  Copies  of  these  'Poems'  of 
1807  are  exceedingly  rare — much  more  so 
than  those  of  the  '  Lyrical  Ballads,'  one  in 
good  condition  fetching  from  50*.  to  80*. 
Without  the  aid  of  a  text  of  1807  it  is 
impossible  thoroughly  to  examine  the  merits 
of  the  case  Jeffrey  and  others  r.  Words- 
worth. Along  with  a  brief  introduction, 
the  editor,  Mr.  Thomas  Hutchinson,  fur- 
nishes notes  (chiefly  textual),  tending  to 
show  that  the  poet,  far  from  contemptuously 
ignoring  his  censors,  as  he  is  popularly 
supposed  to  have  done,  was  in  truth  careful 
to  profit  by  their  strictures  by  altering  or 
omitting  such  passages  as  offered  fair  occa- 
sion for  criticism. 

Prof.  J.  P.  Mahai ty  is  contributing  an 
article  on  '  Pompey's  Pillar '  to  Cosmopolis 
for    April,     and     Mr.    St.    Loe     Strachey 


N°  3622,  March  27,  '97 


THE     ATHENAEUM 


419 


a  paper  entitled  'A  Poll  of  the  People 
(the  Referendum).'  The  instalment  pro- 
mised of  the  Tourguenief  letters  includes 
some  addressed  to  M.  Emile  Zola.  In  the 
German  section  of  the  review  a  dramatic 
poem  by  Herr  Ludwig  Pulda  will  appear. 

The  Eev.  H.  de  B.  Gibbins,  D.Litt., 
author  of  <  Industry  in  England,'  has  been 
asked  by  the  Oobden  Club  to  re-edit  the 
late  Mr.  Montgredien's  history  of  Iree 
Trade.'  Dr.  Gibbins  is  writing  introductory 
and  supplementary  chapters  to  brmg  the 
work  down  to  the  present  day,  as  Mr. 
Montgredien's  last  preface  was  written  in 
1881. 

We  greatly  regret  to  hear  of  the  decease 
of  Miss  Emily  Shirreff.  She  and  Mr.  Grey 
did  much  for  the  cause  of  woman's  edu- 
cation when  it  was  not  so  popular  as  it 
is  now.  In  1858  she  wrote  a  valuable 
monograph  on  '  The  Intellectual  Education 
of  Women,'  of  which  she  brought  out  a 
second  edition  six  years  later.  In  1872  she 
published  a  work  on  '  The  Kindergarten. 

A  new  translation  of  the  'Consolation 
of  Philosophy '  of  Boethius,  by  Mr.  H.  E. 
James,  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  with  the 
metres  of  the  original  rendered  into  English 
verse,  is  in  the  press,  and  will  be  published 
by  Mr.  Elliot  Stock.  It  will  contain  brief 
notes,  an  analysis  of  each  book,  and  a  short 
introduction. 

Prof.  Smend,  of  Gbttingen,  who  wrote  a 
careful  examination  of  the  new-found  text 
of  Ecclesiasticus  in  the  Theologische  Literatur- 
zeitung  for  March  20th,  is  now  on  a  pil- 
grimage to  the  manuscript  at  Oxford,  and 
seems  to  have  found  the  solution  of  some 
passages  which  are  doubtful  owing  to  the 
damaged  condition  of  the  fragment.  Prof. 
Smend  is  well  known  for  his  commentary 
on  Ezekiel,  and  has  also  made  a  special 
study  of  the  book  of  Ecclesiasticus,  which 
was  interrupted  by  the  news  of  the  discovery 
of  the  Hebrew  text. 

Tiie  Times  records  the  decease  of  Mr.  J. 
Biddulph  Martin,  the  author  of  '  The  Grass- 
hopper in  Lombard  Street,'  and  President 
of  the  Statistical  Society. 

An  effort  is  being  made  at  Sheffield  to 
raise  the  endowment  fund  of  the  proposed 
new  University  College  to  130,000^.  The 
endowment  of  Owens  College,  Manchester, 
amounts  to  close  upon  three-quarters  of  a 
million,  whilst  that  of  Liverpool  College 
and  of  Mason  College,  Birmingham,  falls  a 
little  short  of  a  quarter  of  a  million. 

The  decease  is  announced  of  M.  Lucien 
Biart,  the  well  -  known  man  of  letters. 
Early  in  life  he  was  employed  in  America 
as  a  collector  by  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History  of  Paris,  and  on  his  return  to  Paris 
he  contributed  to  the  Revue  des  Deux  Monies 
and  other  periodicals  narratives  of  travel 
and  stories  of  which  the  scene  was  laid  in 
Mexico  and  South  America.  He  was  a  most 
prolific  writer.  Among  othor  things  lie 
published  a  translation  of  'Don  Quixote' 

Mr.  Bowden  is  celebrating  the  success  of 
the  first  book  in  which  his  name  appeared 
as  a  publisher  on  his  own  account,  Mr. 
Coulson  Kcrnahan's  '  Tho  Child,  the  Wise 
Man,  and  the  Devil,'  by  printing  an  edition 
&$  luxe,  from  now  typo  and  upon  hand-made 
paper.  A  new  portrait  of  the  author  has 
been  painted  for  this  edition  by  Miss  Bertha 


Newcome,  and  a  special  cover  has  been 
designed  by  Miss  N.  Erichsen.  Each  copy 
will  be  numbered,  and  signed  by  the  author. 
The  work  has  been  translated  into  French, 
German,  Dutch,  Danish,  Welsh,  and  other 
languages. 

TnE  American- German  poetOonraa  lvrez, 
who  was  one  of  those  Achtundvierzigers  who 
have  in  their  exile  done  credit  to  their 
native  country,  has  just  died  at  Milwaukee. 
During  the  American  Civil  War  he  rose  to 
be  a  brigadier-general. 

The  only  Parliamentary  Paper  of  general 
interest  this  week  is  the  Eeport  of  the  Iuter- 
Departmental  Committee  on  Post  Office 
Establishments,  together  with  a  Treasury 
Letter  Thereon  (id.). 


SCIENCE 


groups  of  flowering  plants,  and  the  connecting 
finks  are  fewer,  or  at  least  less  obvious.  Mosses 
and  liverworts  are  in  this  case,  whilst  it  seems 
certain  that  under  Fungi  and  Algpe  are  included 
many  groups  whose  genetic  relations  are  un- 
certain. Some  of  these  cryptogams,  and  notably 
the  ferns,  present  phenomena  considered  to 
represent  alternations  of  generation,  i.  e.,  an 
asexual  followed  by  a  sexual  stage.  The  facts 
are  obvious,  but  it  seems  probable  that  some 
morphologists  place  too  high  a  significance  on 
these  stages  of  growth— some  even  going  so  far 
as  to  deny  that  there  is  any  homology  between 
the  plant  in  its  two  stages.  The  prothallus  of 
a  fern  corresponds,  roughly  speaking,  to  the 
inflorescence  of  a  flowering  plant  in  which  spe- 
cialized buds  develope  into  flowers  and  sexual 
organs,  just  as  the  prothallus  produces  now 
leaf-buds  (apogamy),  now  sexual  structures. 
May  it  not  be  that  the  explanation  of  the  so- 
called  alternation  of  generations  lies  in  the  in- 
vestigation of  the  nature  of  buds  and  the  manner 
of  budding  ?      ^^^^^^^____ 


BOTANICAL  LITERATURE. 

Round  the   Year:    a  Series  of  Short  Nature 
Studies.     By  Prof.  L.  C.  Miall,  F.R.S.     (Mac- 
millan    &    Co.)— The    sub-title    expresses    the 
nature  of  this  work  with  sufficient  accuracy.     It 
is   a   series   of   short  chatty  articles  on  various 
natural  phenomena  which  have  the  great  advan- 
tage of  being  accurate.    The  book  has,  we  should 
say,  been  inspired  throughout  by  Gilbert  White  s 
'Natural  History  of  Selborne.'     The  contents 
are   so   varied   that   we   can   hardly  select  one 
for    comment.      We     cannot    see    why    it     is 
"wrong"  to  call  the  bud-scale  of  the  sycamore 
a  leaf-stalk— dilated,   it  is  true,   for  protective 
purposes   into  a   sheath.     Here  and  there  the 
author  girds   at   the  language   which   botanists 
(and  other  naturalists  too)  adopt,  and  goes  on 
to  say  "that  we  ought  to  have,  as  they  have  in 
Germany,  descriptions  of  native  plants  in  our 
own  language,  but  we  prefer  to  write  our  floras 
in  Latin  and  Greek."     We  do  not  know  a  single 
modern  British  flora  that  is  not  written  in  English ; 
and  even  the  series  of  colonial  and  Indian  floras 
published  at  Kew  are  in  the  vernacular.      If 
the  author  objects  simply  to  the  terminology  of 
the  science,  we  may  remind  him  that  those  most 
interested  soon  become  familiar  with  the  mean- 
ing of  terms,  and,  experiencing  their  convenience, 
speedily   adopt   them.      It   is   only  those  who 
have  no  real  knowledge  or  interest  in  the  sub- 
ject who  refuse  to  read  a  book  because  they 
have  not  mastered  the  alphabet.     We  do  not 
think    it    possible   that    anybody  "who  would 
first  take  the  trouble   to  master  the  structure 
of   half-a-dozen   plant   types"   could   remain 
in  ignorance  of  a  considerable  amount  of  ter- 
minology, or  could  express    himself   rationally 
without  it  if  he  tried. 

Plants  of  Manitoba.— The  publishers  of  this 
production  are  Messrs.  Marcus  Ward  &  Co., 
and  that  is  nearly  all  that  we  can  tell  the  reader, 
for  the  names  of  the  author  and  of  the  draughts- 
man are  not  given,  nor  is  there  a  single  line  of  de- 
scriptive text.  The  publication  consists  of  some 
forty  small  coloured  illustrations  representing 
common  types  of  Canadian  vegetation.  The 
plants  are  well  drawn  and  effectively  coloured, 
but  deficient  in  detail,  and  consequently  of  little 
value  for  botanical  purposes.  The  popular  names 
are,  as  usual,  misleading,  and  sometimes  applied 
differently  from  what  they  are  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic. 

An  Introduction  to  Structural  Botany.  — 
Part  II.  Floimiess  Plants.  By  Dukinfield 
Henry  Scott.  (Black.)— The  first  instalment  of 
this  book  was  so  excellent  that  we  looked  for- 
ward with  much  interest  to  the  appearance  of 
the  second  part.  Let  us  say  at  once  that  wo 
have  not  been  disappointed.  Twenty  -  threo 
plants  are  analyzed,  these  twonty-thrco  being 
representatives  of  so  many  different  groups  of 
cryptogams.  These  groups  are  as  a  rule  more 
isolated  than  in  the  case  of  the  corresponding 


m.  antoine  d'abbadie. 
We  regret  to  announce  the  death  of  Antoine 
Thompson  d'Abbadie,  which  took  place  at  Paris 
on   March   20th.     D'Abbadie   was   the    Nestor 
of    African   travellers    and   one   of    the  oldest 
contributors  to  the  pages  of  this  journal.     He 
was   born   at   Dublin   in   1810,    the    son    of   a 
Frenchman  who   had  married  an  Irishwoman, 
but  educated  in  France,  whither   his   parents 
removed    in    1818.      In    1835    the   Academic 
des  Sciences    sent  him  on   a   scientific  mission 
to  Brazil,  but  it  was  his  expedition  into  Abys- 
sinia   (1837-48)    which    won   him    fame  ;    and 
the  thoroughness  with  which  he  did  his  work 
will  ever  ensure  him  a  foremost  place  among 
African  explorers.  He  connected  Masaua  on  the 
Red  Sea  by  a  chain  of  triangles  with  Kafa,  which 
he  was  the  first  European  to  reach  ;  and  collected 
vocabularies  and  Ethiopic  manuscripts.  Dr.  Beke 
not  only  charged  him  with  having  brought  about 
the    expulsion   of  the   Protestant   missionaries 
from   Adwa   and   with    generally   meddling    in 
Abyssinian  politics  in  a  spirit  inimical  to  this 
country,   but    also    denied    that   he    had   ever 
visited  Kafa.     Time,  however,  has  done  justice 
to  the  deceased.     D'Abbadie's  work  has  trium- 
phantly stood  the   test   applied   to  it   by  the 
engineers  attached  to    the  Abyssinian   expedi- 
tion in  the  north,   whilst  Cecchi  and  Chianni 
have   vindicated   his   honour    in    the    extreme 
south.     The  definite  results  of  this  great  ex- 
pedition were  only  made  public  in  extenso  many 
years  after    the    explorer's    return    to  France, 
and  he  has  hence  been  nicknamed  "  Cunctator  " 
by  his  impatient  admirers.     His  classified  cata- 
logue  of   Ethiopian  MSS.    appeared    in    1859  ; 
a  *  Geode'sie  d'Ethiopie '  in  1860-76  ;  the  first 
volume  of  a  connected  narrative  of  the  expedi- 
tion, by  his  brother  Michel  Arnould  d'Abbadie 
('  Douze  Ans  de  Sejour  dans  la  Haute  Ethiopie  ), 
in  1868  ;   a  '  Dictionnaire  de  la  Langue  Ama- 
riiiua '   in   1881  ;    and    the    first   volume   of   a 
'Geographic  de  l'Ethiopie,'  containing  a  mass 
of  native  information,  in  1890. 

In  1882  the  Academie  des  Sciences,  which  had 
elected  him  a  member  in  1867,  dispatched  him 
to  St.  Domingo  to  observe  an  eclipse  of  the  sun. 
Immediately  on  his  return  he  proceeded  to  the 
East  for  the  purpose  of  making  niagnetical 
observations,  his